coeptus

* * *

coeptus, a, um, Part., from coepio.

coeptus, ūs, m. [coepio], a beginning, undertaking (perh. only in the foll. exs.): primos suos quasi coeptus appetendi fuisse, ut, etc., * Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41 Madv (cf.:

coeptat appetere,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24): dignas insumite mentes Coeptibus, * Stat. Th. 12, 644.

* * *

* * *

coepĭo, coepi, coeptum, 3 (the tempp. press. only a few times in the ante-class. period, and coepturus, Liv. 30, 5, 6; 42, 47, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 46; Plin. 16, 25, 41, § 98; Suet. Calig. 46; the tempp. perff., both in act. and pass. form, very freq.;

a trisyl. coëpit,

Lucr. 4, 619 Lachm. N. cr.), v. a. and n. [contr. from co-ăpio = apo; hence coapias for coepias in Cod. Ambros.; Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 46; v. in the foll., and cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 248], lit. to lay hold of something on different sides, to lay hold of; hence of an action, to begin, commence, undertake ( = incipio, which is the class. pres.).

Tempp. press.: coepiam seditiosa verba loqui, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 59, 10 Müll. lubido extemplo coepere est convivium, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 41:

mage si exigere coepias,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 46 Ritschl N. cr.:

neque pugnas neque ego lites coepio,

id. Men. 5, 5, 57:

ubi nihil habeat, alium quaestum coepiat,

id. Truc. 2, 1, 23: mane coepiam, Caecil. ap. Non. p. 89, 17: non Prius olfecissem, quam ille quicquam coeperet, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 43 Fleck.; cf.

Neue, Formenl. 2, 616: se Hasdrubalem adgressurum, ceterum non ante coepturum, quam, etc.,

Liv. 30, 5, 6:

nos rite coepturi ab Homero videmur,

Quint. 10, 1, 46:

nemine opinante quidnam coepturus esset,

Suet. Calig. 46.—

Tempp. perff. act.; the object usu. an inf.; so always in Cic. and Cæs.; mostly an inf. act.; rarely pass.; sometimes the acc. of a noun or pronoun.

With inf. act.:

cum ver esse coeperat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 27; Ov. A. A. 1, 615 sq.:

discere coepit, Enn. Ann. ap. Fest. s. v. sam, p. 325, 24 Müll. (v. 228 Vahl.): amare coepi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 20:

oppugnare,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6:

ire foras coeperunt,

Lucr. 4, 531:

coeperit inter se vesci, etc.,

id. 5, 72 et saep.—

With inf. pass. (in the poets and histt.):

per terrarum orbem fruges coepisse creari,

Lucr. 2, 614:

alia hujuscemodi fieri coepere,

Sall. C. 51, 40:

cum Lacedaemoniis pugnari coepit,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; so,

urbanus haberi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 27:

verti,

id. ib. 2, 1, 149:

institui,

id. A. P. 21:

moveri,

Ov. M. 3, 106; Suet. Tib. 75:

expleri,

id. Caes. 26:

eligi,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

occidi,

id. ib. 3, 34:

prohiberi,

Just. 14, 5, 9: coeptum est fieri, Auct. B. Afr. 69; 78; Liv. 24, 49, 4; 25, 34, 13; 27, 42, 5.—

With acc. (rare in prose; cf. B. infra): coepit cursum, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:

novam mapalibus urbem,

Sil. 15, 420:

cur non ego id perpetrem, quod coepi?

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 57:

si quicquam hodie hic turbae coeperis,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 30:

quae coeperamus,

Quint. 6, prooem. 15:

hujuscemodi orationem,

Tac. A. 4. 37:

(Sabinus) obsidium coepit per praesidia,

id. ib. 4, 39.—

Absol.:

nam primum... Non coepisse fuit: coepta expugnare secundum est,

Ov. M. 9, 619:

dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 40:

Titus Livius hexametri exordio coepit,

Quint. 9, 4, 74; cf. id. 9, 4, 117:

si coepisset a toto corpore,

id. 9, 4, 23; cf. id. 7, 1, 2; 8, 6, 50:

pro vallo castrorum ita coepit (sc. dicere),

Tac. H. 1, 36:

Civilis ita coepit,

id. ib. 5, 26; id. A. 1, 41; 2, 37.—

With an ellipsis for dicere coepi, to begin to speak:

ita coepit tyrannus,

Liv. 34, 31, 1; 39, 15, 2:

coram data copia fandi, Maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit,

Verg. A. 1, 521; 6, 372:

tum ita coepit: numquam mihi, etc.,

Liv. 28, 27, 1; Tac. A. 1, 41 fin.:

ad hunc modum coepit,

id. ib. 2, 37; id. H. 1, 36 fin.; Phaedr. 4, 23, 2.—

Pass. in the tempp. perff. and with the inf. pass. (cf. Zumpt, Gram, §

221): jure coepta appellari est Canis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18:

ante petitam esse pecuniam, quam esset coepta deberi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 168; id. Div. 2, 2, 7; id. Brut. 67, 236; 88, 301; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 209; 2, 5, 4, § 9; id. Fam. 13, 29, 1; id. Att. 3, 15, 5; 6, 1, 3; Liv. 1, 57, 3; 2, 1, 4; 3, 38, 2;

9, 7, 7: quae (res) inter eos agi coeptae, neque perfectae essent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 47; 4, 18:

bello premi sunt coepti,

Nep. Timoth. 3, 1; Cat. 95, 2.—With inf. act.:

mitescere discordiae intestinae coeptae,

Liv. 5, 17, 10; cf. Weissenb. ad loc.— Hence, coeptus, a, um, Part., begun, commenced, undertaken. consilium fraude coeptum, Liv. 35, 36, 5:

coeptum atque patratum bellum foret,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

jussis Carmina coepta tuis,

Verg. E. 8, 12; so,

coepti fiducia belli,

id. A. 2, 162; Liv. 35, 23, 1:

amor,

Ov. H. 17, 189:

iter,

id. F. 1, 188:

arma,

Tac. H. 2, 6; 4, 61:

coeptam deinde omissam actionem repetere,

id. ib. 4,44:

dies,

id. A. 4, 25 (cf. infra II.):

luce,

id. ib. 1, 65;

15, 55: nocte,

id. ib. 2, 13:

hieme,

id. ib. 12, 31. —Hence, subst.: coeptum, i, n., a work begun, a beginning, undertaking (most freq. after the Aug. per. and in the plur.; perh. never in Cic.;

also not in Hor.): ut repetam coeptum pertexere dictis,

Lucr. 1, 418:

nec taedia coepti Ulla mei capiam,

Ov. M. 9, 616:

coepti paenitentia,

Quint. 12, 5, 3; Suet. Oth. 5:

manus ultima coepto Defuit,

Ov. Tr. 2, 555: ne audaci coepto deessent; Liv. 42, 59, 7; cf. Verg. G. 1, 40:

feroci,

Sil. 11, 202.—With adv.:

bene coepto,

Liv. 45, 15, 7:

bene coepta,

Vell. 2, 14; and:

temere coepta,

Liv. 36, 15, 2.— Plur.:

coeptis meis,

Ov. M. 1, 2:

nostris,

id. ib. 9, 486:

immanibus,

Verg. A. 4, 642 al. —Without adj., Ov. M. 8, 67; 8, 463; Liv. 23, 35, 16; 23, 41, 4; 24, 13, 4; Tac. H. 2, 85; 3, 52; Suet. Ner. 34; id. Vesp. 6 et saep.—

Neutr., to begin, take a beginning, commence, originate, arise (most freq. since the Aug. per.; not in Cic.): neve inde navis incohandae exordium coepisset, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. Rel. v. 282 Vahl.):

sic odium coepit glandis,

Lucr. 5, 1416:

post, ubi silentium coepit... verba facit, etc.,

Sall. J. 33, 4:

cum primum deditio coepit,

id. ib. 62, 7:

ubi dies coepit,

id. ib. 91, 4 (cf. supra, I. 2. d):

vere coepturo,

Plin. 16, 25, 41, § 98:

postquam apud Cadmiam pugna coepit,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3; so,

pugna,

Liv. 2, 6, 10; Quint. 2, 4, 42; 9, 4, 50; cf. id. 9, 4, 55:

quando coeperit haec ars,

id. 2, 17, 8:

obsidium coepit per praesidia,

Tac. A. 4, 49:

a quo jurgium coepit,

Quint. 5, 10, 72; so with ab, Tac. H. 2, 47; and with ex, id. A. 15, 54 and 68; cf.:

quibus, uti mihi, ex virtute nobilitas coepit,

Sall. J. 85, 17.

Galli, ōrum, m., the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.—Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.—In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul:

delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus,

id. ib. 5, 45, 4.—In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul:

inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57, 6.—Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.—

Derivv.

Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.—Hence, in plur.:

Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.—

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic:

muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21:

ager,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53:

humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362:

Oceanus,

Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf.

sinus,

id. 32, 2, 11, § 21:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5;

3, 14, 7: bella,

id. ib. 4, 20, 1:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 47, 4:

mores,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf.

consuetudo,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2;

5, 14, 1: ostentatio,

id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.:

canis,

a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533:

ventus,

the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5. — Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe:

(redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.— Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, [p. 801] Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.—

Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc.,

Non. 492, 30 sq. —

Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galla credulitas,

Mart. 5, 1, 10:

mulieres,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.—

Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia ( in Upper Italy), Gallican:

legiones,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

ratio atque res,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ager,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. §

6): lana,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.—Also in gen. for Gallic:

catulus,

Cat. 42, 6:

jumenta,

App. M. 10, p. 247.— Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.—In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init. —

Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

Galli, ōrum, m., the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.—Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.—In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul:

delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus,

id. ib. 5, 45, 4.—In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul:

inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57, 6.—Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.—

Derivv.

Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.—Hence, in plur.:

Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.—

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic:

muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21:

ager,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53:

humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362:

Oceanus,

Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf.

sinus,

id. 32, 2, 11, § 21:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5;

3, 14, 7: bella,

id. ib. 4, 20, 1:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 47, 4:

mores,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf.

consuetudo,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2;

5, 14, 1: ostentatio,

id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.:

canis,

a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533:

ventus,

the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5. — Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe:

(redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.— Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, [p. 801] Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.—

Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc.,

Non. 492, 30 sq. —

Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galla credulitas,

Mart. 5, 1, 10:

mulieres,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.—

Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia ( in Upper Italy), Gallican:

legiones,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

ratio atque res,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ager,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. §

6): lana,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.—Also in gen. for Gallic:

catulus,

Cat. 42, 6:

jumenta,

App. M. 10, p. 247.— Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.—In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init. —

Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

Galli, ōrum, m., the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.—Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.—In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul:

delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus,

id. ib. 5, 45, 4.—In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul:

inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57, 6.—Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.—

Derivv.

Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.—Hence, in plur.:

Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.—

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic:

muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21:

ager,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53:

humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362:

Oceanus,

Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf.

sinus,

id. 32, 2, 11, § 21:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5;

3, 14, 7: bella,

id. ib. 4, 20, 1:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 47, 4:

mores,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf.

consuetudo,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2;

5, 14, 1: ostentatio,

id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.:

canis,

a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533:

ventus,

the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5. — Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe:

(redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.— Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, [p. 801] Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.—

Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc.,

Non. 492, 30 sq. —

Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galla credulitas,

Mart. 5, 1, 10:

mulieres,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.—

Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia ( in Upper Italy), Gallican:

legiones,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

ratio atque res,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ager,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. §

6): lana,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.—Also in gen. for Gallic:

catulus,

Cat. 42, 6:

jumenta,

App. M. 10, p. 247.— Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.—In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init. —

Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

Galli, ōrum, m., the Gallic nation, the Gauls, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; afterwards also in Phrygia as Gallograeci or Galatae.—Of the Gallograeci, Liv. 38, 12 sq.—In sing.: Gallus, a Gaul:

delegit Gallum ex his, quos auxilii causa secum habebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 1; cf.:

Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus,

id. ib. 5, 45, 4.—In fem.: Galla, ae, a female Gaul:

inter quae (sacrificia extraordinaria) Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in foro boario sub terra vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57, 6.—Hence the pun with galla, gall-nut, Macr. S. 2, 2.—

Derivv.

Gallĭa, ae, f., the country of the Gauls, Gaul, both beyond the Rhine and in Upper Italy; the more precise name of the former is Gallia ulterior or Transalpina, and of the latter Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, v. h. vv.—Hence, in plur.:

Galliae duae (provinciae) quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse conjunctas,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 2, 3.—

Gallĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Gauls, Gallic:

muli viliores Gallicis cantheriis,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 21:

ager,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 11; Cic. Sull. 19, 53:

humus,

Ov. F. 4, 362:

Oceanus,

Plin. 4, 19, 33, § 109; cf.

sinus,

id. 32, 2, 11, § 21:

arma,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 3, 11, 5;

3, 14, 7: bella,

id. ib. 4, 20, 1:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 47, 4:

mores,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3; cf.

consuetudo,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2;

5, 14, 1: ostentatio,

id. ib. 7, 53, 3 al.:

canis,

a greyhound, Ov. M. 1, 533:

ventus,

the north-northeast wind, Vitr. 1, 5. — Subst.: gallĭca, ae, f., a Gallic shoe:

(redii) cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis, nec lacerna,

Cic. Phil. 2, 30, 76; cf. Gell. 13, 21, 6.— Adv.: Gallĭce, in Gallic: a Gallo et a Mauro Gallice et Maurice dicimus, [p. 801] Varr. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 8; Gell. 11, 7, 4.—

Gallĭus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galliae pro Gallicae, Sall. H. lib. IV.: duae Galliae mulieres conventum vitantes, etc.,

Non. 492, 30 sq. —

Gallus, a, um, adj., Gallic:

Galla credulitas,

Mart. 5, 1, 10:

mulieres,

Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 15 Dietsch.—

Gallĭcānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Roman province Gallia ( in Upper Italy), Gallican:

legiones,

Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:

ratio atque res,

id. Quint. 4, 15:

ager,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 26 (al. Gallicus, like ib. §

6): lana,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 39 Müll.—Also in gen. for Gallic:

catulus,

Cat. 42, 6:

jumenta,

App. M. 10, p. 247.— Subst.: Gallĭcāni, ōrum, the Gallicans, Varr. R. R. 1, 32, 2.—In sing.: m., the inhabitants of the province Gallia, prius enim Gallus, dein Gallicanus, extremo Semiplacentinus haberi coeptus est, Cic. Pis. init. —

Gallŭlus, a, um, adj., Gallic: Roma, poet. of the city Arelas, in southern Gaul, Aus. de Clar. Urb. 8, 2.

Galli, ōrum, v. 3. Gallus, II. A.

plautus ( plōt-), a, um, adj.

Flat, broad: plauti appellantur canes, quorum aures languidae sunt ac flaccidae et latius videntur patere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 231 Müll.:

conchae plautiores,

Tert. Pall. 3.—

Among the Umbrians, flat-footed:

(plotos appellant) Umbri pedibus planis (natos... unde et Maccius) poëta, quia Umber Sarsinas erat, a pedum planitie initio Plotus, postea Plautus coeptus est dici,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 239 ib.

Plautus, i, m. [flat-foot, v. 1. plautus], an Umbrian surname. —So, T. Maccius (or Maccus) Plautus, a celebrated Roman comic poet, a native of the Umbrian village Sarsina. —(On the name Maccius, instead of the earlier reading Accius or Attius, v. Ritschl, De Plauti poëtae nominibus, in his Parergon Plautinorum I. pp. 3-43;

and respecting his life and writings,

id. ib. pp. 47 - 579), Cic. Brut. 15, 60; Quint. 10, 1, 99.—

Transf., the works of Plautus, a comedy of Plautus:

adporto vobis Plautum linguā non manu,

Plaut. Men. prol. 3.—Hence,

Plautīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Plautus, Plautian:

pater,

i. e. a father in a play of Plautus, Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 2 fin.:

numeri et sales,

Hor. A. P. 270:

sermo,

Quint. 10, 1, 99:

stilus,

Gell. 3, 3, 13: prosapia, i. e. poor, mean, because Plautus was said to have worked in a mill, Min. Fel. Octav. 14.— Sup.:

versus Plautinissimi,

most Plautus-like, altogether in Plautus's manner, Gell. 3, 3, 4.

plautus ( plōt-), a, um, adj.

Flat, broad: plauti appellantur canes, quorum aures languidae sunt ac flaccidae et latius videntur patere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 231 Müll.:

conchae plautiores,

Tert. Pall. 3.—

Among the Umbrians, flat-footed:

(plotos appellant) Umbri pedibus planis (natos... unde et Maccius) poëta, quia Umber Sarsinas erat, a pedum planitie initio Plotus, postea Plautus coeptus est dici,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 239 ib.

Plautus, i, m. [flat-foot, v. 1. plautus], an Umbrian surname. —So, T. Maccius (or Maccus) Plautus, a celebrated Roman comic poet, a native of the Umbrian village Sarsina. —(On the name Maccius, instead of the earlier reading Accius or Attius, v. Ritschl, De Plauti poëtae nominibus, in his Parergon Plautinorum I. pp. 3-43;

and respecting his life and writings,

id. ib. pp. 47 - 579), Cic. Brut. 15, 60; Quint. 10, 1, 99.—

Transf., the works of Plautus, a comedy of Plautus:

adporto vobis Plautum linguā non manu,

Plaut. Men. prol. 3.—Hence,

Plautīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Plautus, Plautian:

pater,

i. e. a father in a play of Plautus, Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 2 fin.:

numeri et sales,

Hor. A. P. 270:

sermo,

Quint. 10, 1, 99:

stilus,

Gell. 3, 3, 13: prosapia, i. e. poor, mean, because Plautus was said to have worked in a mill, Min. Fel. Octav. 14.— Sup.:

versus Plautinissimi,

most Plautus-like, altogether in Plautus's manner, Gell. 3, 3, 4.

plēnus, a, um, adj. [from the root ple-; Sanscr. prā-, to fill; Gr. pla- in pimplêmi, plêthô; Lat. plerus, plebs, populus, etc.; whence compleo, expleo, suppleo], full, filled with any thing (class.; cf.: refertus, oppletus).

Lit.

In gen., with gen.:

rimarum,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25:

corpus suci,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27:

Gallia est plena civium Romanorum,

Cic. Font. 1, 11:

domus plena caelati argenti,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 14. §

35: vini, somni,

id. Red. in Sen. 6, 13: [p. 1387] stellarum, id. Rep. 6, 11, 11.—With abl.:

plena domus ornamentis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126:

vita plena et conferta voluptatibus,

id. Sest. 10, 23:

plenum pueris gymnasium,

Quint. 2, 8, 3.— Absol.:

auditorium,

Quint. 2, 11, 3:

plenissimis velis navigare,

with swelling sails, Cic. Dom. 10, 24.—As subst.: plēnum, i, n., space occupied by matter, a plenum, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118.—Adverb.: ad plenum, to repletion, copiously, abundantly ( poet.), Verg. G. 2, 244:

hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 15; so Veg. 2, 9:

philosophiae scientiam ad plenum adeptus,

Eutr. 8, 10.—

In partic.

Of bodily size, stout, bulky, portly, plump, corpulent (class.):

pleni enective simus,

Cic. Div. 2, 69, 142:

vulpecula pleno corpore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31:

frigus inimicum est tenui: at prodest omnibus plenis,

Cels. 1, 9:

femina,

Ov. A. A. 2, 661.— Comp.:

tauros palea ac feno facere pleniores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12.— Sup.:

plenissimus quisque,

Cels. 2, 1.—

Of females, big, with child, pregnant (class.):

et cum te gravidam et cum te pulchre plenam aspicio, gaudeo,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49:

femina,

Ov. M. 10, 469; Val. Fl. 1, 413:

sus plena,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; cf.:

Telluri plenae victima plena datur (preceded by gravida),

Ov. F. 4, 634.—

Filled, satisfied ( poet.), Ov. Am. 2, 6, 29:

plenus cum languet amator,

sated with reading, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8; cf.:

illa bibit sitiens lector, mea pocula plenus,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 55.—

Full packed, laden; with abl.:

quadrupedes pleni dominis armisque,

Stat. Th. 4, 812:

exercitus plenissimus praedā,

Liv. 41, 28:

crura thymo plenae (apes),

Verg. G. 4, 181.— Absol.:

vitis,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 23.—

Entire, complete, full, whole:

ut haberet ad praeturam gerendam plenum annum atque integrum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

gaudia,

id. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

numerus,

id. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

pleno aratro sulcare,

with the whole plough sunk in the ground, Col. 2, 2, 25:

sustineas ut onus, nitendum vertice pleno est, i. e. toto,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 77:

pleno gradu,

at full pace, at storming pace, Liv. 4, 32.— Neutr. adverb.: in plenum, on the whole, generally (post-Aug.), Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 31; Sen. Ep. 91, 9.—

Of the voice, sonorous, full, clear, strong, loud (class.):

vox grandior et plenior,

Cic. Brut. 84, 289:

voce plenior,

id. de Or. 1, 29, 132.—

Of letters, syllables, words, full, at full length, not contracted, unabridged:

pleniores syllabae,

Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:

ut E plenissimum dicas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

siet plenum est, sit imminutum,

id. Or. 47, 157:

plenissima verba,

Ov. M. 10, 290.—

Of food and drink, strong, hearty, substantial:

pleniores cibi,

Cels. 3, 20:

vinum,

id. 1, 6.—

Full, abundant, plentiful, much:

non tam Siciliam, quam inanem offenderant, quam Verrem ipsum, qui plenus decesserat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12:

urbes,

id. Pis. 37, 91:

pecunia,

much money, id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

mensa,

Verg. A. 11, 738.— Comp.:

serius potius ad nos, dum plenior,

Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 2:

tres uno die a te accepi litteras, unam brevem, duas pleniores,

fuller, larger, id. ib. 11, 12, 1.— Sup.:

plenissima villa,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 50.—

Of age, full, advanced, ripe, mature:

jam plenis nubilis annis,

marriageable, Verg. A. 7, 53:

plenus vitā,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 129:

annis,

full of years, that has reached extreme old age, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

plenior annis,

Val. Fl. 1, 376:

annus vicesimus quintus coeptus pro pleno habetur,

Dig. 50, 4, 8.—

Law t. t.: pleno jure, with a complete legal title:

proinde pleno jure incipit, id est et in bonis et ex jure Quiritium, tua res esse,

Gai. Inst. 2, 41:

pleno jure heres fieri,

id. ib. 3, 85 al.—

Trop., full, filled.

In gen., with gen.: plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.):

jejunitatis plenus,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 13:

consili,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 49:

viti probrique,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 13:

fraudis, sceleris, parricidi, perjuri,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

offici,

Cic. Att. 7, 4, 1:

negoti,

full of business, id. N. D. 1, 20, 54; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 146:

irae,

Liv. 3, 48:

ingenii,

Cic. Fl. 6, 15:

laboris,

Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66:

quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris?

is not full of our disaster? Verg. A. 1, 460.—With abl.:

plenus sum exspectatione de Pompeio,

full of expectation, Cic. Att. 3, 14, 1:

laetitiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 74:

humanitate,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 1, 7.—

In partic.

Complete, finished, ample, copious (class.):

orator plenus atque perfectus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59:

plenior, opp. to jejunior,

id. ib. 3, 4, 16:

oratio plenior,

id. Off. 1, 1, 2:

pleniora scribere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 53.—

Full of, abounding or rich in any thing:

plenum bonarum rerum oppidum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 38:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario?

Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19: pleniore ore laudare, with fuller mouth, i. e. more heartily, id. Off. 1, 18, 61.—Hence, adv.: plēnē.

Lit., full (post-Aug.):

vasa plene infundere,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 139.—

Trop., fully, wholly, completely, thorougnly, largely (class.):

plene cumulateque aliquid perficere,

Cic. Div. 2, 1:

plene perfectae munitiones,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3:

aliquid vitare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

plene sapientes homines,

id. Off. 1, 15:

praestare aliquid,

perfectly, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 14.— Comp.:

plenius facere aliquid,

Ov. P. 2, 11, 20:

alere,

Quint. 2, 2, 8.— Sup.:

quamvis illud plenissime, hoc restrictissime feceris,

Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 13.

plēnus, a, um, adj. [from the root ple-; Sanscr. prā-, to fill; Gr. pla- in pimplêmi, plêthô; Lat. plerus, plebs, populus, etc.; whence compleo, expleo, suppleo], full, filled with any thing (class.; cf.: refertus, oppletus).

Lit.

In gen., with gen.:

rimarum,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 25:

corpus suci,

id. ib. 2, 3, 27:

Gallia est plena civium Romanorum,

Cic. Font. 1, 11:

domus plena caelati argenti,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 14. §

35: vini, somni,

id. Red. in Sen. 6, 13: [p. 1387] stellarum, id. Rep. 6, 11, 11.—With abl.:

plena domus ornamentis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 126:

vita plena et conferta voluptatibus,

id. Sest. 10, 23:

plenum pueris gymnasium,

Quint. 2, 8, 3.— Absol.:

auditorium,

Quint. 2, 11, 3:

plenissimis velis navigare,

with swelling sails, Cic. Dom. 10, 24.—As subst.: plēnum, i, n., space occupied by matter, a plenum, Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118.—Adverb.: ad plenum, to repletion, copiously, abundantly ( poet.), Verg. G. 2, 244:

hic tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 15; so Veg. 2, 9:

philosophiae scientiam ad plenum adeptus,

Eutr. 8, 10.—

In partic.

Of bodily size, stout, bulky, portly, plump, corpulent (class.):

pleni enective simus,

Cic. Div. 2, 69, 142:

vulpecula pleno corpore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31:

frigus inimicum est tenui: at prodest omnibus plenis,

Cels. 1, 9:

femina,

Ov. A. A. 2, 661.— Comp.:

tauros palea ac feno facere pleniores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12.— Sup.:

plenissimus quisque,

Cels. 2, 1.—

Of females, big, with child, pregnant (class.):

et cum te gravidam et cum te pulchre plenam aspicio, gaudeo,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 49:

femina,

Ov. M. 10, 469; Val. Fl. 1, 413:

sus plena,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101; cf.:

Telluri plenae victima plena datur (preceded by gravida),

Ov. F. 4, 634.—

Filled, satisfied ( poet.), Ov. Am. 2, 6, 29:

plenus cum languet amator,

sated with reading, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8; cf.:

illa bibit sitiens lector, mea pocula plenus,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 55.—

Full packed, laden; with abl.:

quadrupedes pleni dominis armisque,

Stat. Th. 4, 812:

exercitus plenissimus praedā,

Liv. 41, 28:

crura thymo plenae (apes),

Verg. G. 4, 181.— Absol.:

vitis,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 23.—

Entire, complete, full, whole:

ut haberet ad praeturam gerendam plenum annum atque integrum,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

gaudia,

id. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:

numerus,

id. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

pleno aratro sulcare,

with the whole plough sunk in the ground, Col. 2, 2, 25:

sustineas ut onus, nitendum vertice pleno est, i. e. toto,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 77:

pleno gradu,

at full pace, at storming pace, Liv. 4, 32.— Neutr. adverb.: in plenum, on the whole, generally (post-Aug.), Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 31; Sen. Ep. 91, 9.—

Of the voice, sonorous, full, clear, strong, loud (class.):

vox grandior et plenior,

Cic. Brut. 84, 289:

voce plenior,

id. de Or. 1, 29, 132.—

Of letters, syllables, words, full, at full length, not contracted, unabridged:

pleniores syllabae,

Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:

ut E plenissimum dicas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

siet plenum est, sit imminutum,

id. Or. 47, 157:

plenissima verba,

Ov. M. 10, 290.—

Of food and drink, strong, hearty, substantial:

pleniores cibi,

Cels. 3, 20:

vinum,

id. 1, 6.—

Full, abundant, plentiful, much:

non tam Siciliam, quam inanem offenderant, quam Verrem ipsum, qui plenus decesserat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12:

urbes,

id. Pis. 37, 91:

pecunia,

much money, id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

mensa,

Verg. A. 11, 738.— Comp.:

serius potius ad nos, dum plenior,

Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 2:

tres uno die a te accepi litteras, unam brevem, duas pleniores,

fuller, larger, id. ib. 11, 12, 1.— Sup.:

plenissima villa,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 50.—

Of age, full, advanced, ripe, mature:

jam plenis nubilis annis,

marriageable, Verg. A. 7, 53:

plenus vitā,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 129:

annis,

full of years, that has reached extreme old age, Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

plenior annis,

Val. Fl. 1, 376:

annus vicesimus quintus coeptus pro pleno habetur,

Dig. 50, 4, 8.—

Law t. t.: pleno jure, with a complete legal title:

proinde pleno jure incipit, id est et in bonis et ex jure Quiritium, tua res esse,

Gai. Inst. 2, 41:

pleno jure heres fieri,

id. ib. 3, 85 al.—

Trop., full, filled.

In gen., with gen.: plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.):

jejunitatis plenus,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 13:

consili,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 49:

viti probrique,

id. Mil. 2, 5, 13:

fraudis, sceleris, parricidi, perjuri,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

offici,

Cic. Att. 7, 4, 1:

negoti,

full of business, id. N. D. 1, 20, 54; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 146:

irae,

Liv. 3, 48:

ingenii,

Cic. Fl. 6, 15:

laboris,

Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66:

quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris?

is not full of our disaster? Verg. A. 1, 460.—With abl.:

plenus sum exspectatione de Pompeio,

full of expectation, Cic. Att. 3, 14, 1:

laetitiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 74:

humanitate,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 1, 7.—

In partic.

Complete, finished, ample, copious (class.):

orator plenus atque perfectus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 59:

plenior, opp. to jejunior,

id. ib. 3, 4, 16:

oratio plenior,

id. Off. 1, 1, 2:

pleniora scribere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 53.—

Full of, abounding or rich in any thing:

plenum bonarum rerum oppidum,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 38:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario?

Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19: pleniore ore laudare, with fuller mouth, i. e. more heartily, id. Off. 1, 18, 61.—Hence, adv.: plēnē.

Lit., full (post-Aug.):

vasa plene infundere,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 139.—

Trop., fully, wholly, completely, thorougnly, largely (class.):

plene cumulateque aliquid perficere,

Cic. Div. 2, 1:

plene perfectae munitiones,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3:

aliquid vitare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

plene sapientes homines,

id. Off. 1, 15:

praestare aliquid,

perfectly, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 14.— Comp.:

plenius facere aliquid,

Ov. P. 2, 11, 20:

alere,

Quint. 2, 2, 8.— Sup.:

quamvis illud plenissime, hoc restrictissime feceris,

Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 13.

plautus ( plōt-), a, um, adj.

Flat, broad: plauti appellantur canes, quorum aures languidae sunt ac flaccidae et latius videntur patere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 231 Müll.:

conchae plautiores,

Tert. Pall. 3.—

Among the Umbrians, flat-footed:

(plotos appellant) Umbri pedibus planis (natos... unde et Maccius) poëta, quia Umber Sarsinas erat, a pedum planitie initio Plotus, postea Plautus coeptus est dici,

Fest. p. 238 Müll.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 239 ib.

Plautus, i, m. [flat-foot, v. 1. plautus], an Umbrian surname. —So, T. Maccius (or Maccus) Plautus, a celebrated Roman comic poet, a native of the Umbrian village Sarsina. —(On the name Maccius, instead of the earlier reading Accius or Attius, v. Ritschl, De Plauti poëtae nominibus, in his Parergon Plautinorum I. pp. 3-43;

and respecting his life and writings,

id. ib. pp. 47 - 579), Cic. Brut. 15, 60; Quint. 10, 1, 99.—

Transf., the works of Plautus, a comedy of Plautus:

adporto vobis Plautum linguā non manu,

Plaut. Men. prol. 3.—Hence,

Plautīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Plautus, Plautian:

pater,

i. e. a father in a play of Plautus, Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 2 fin.:

numeri et sales,

Hor. A. P. 270:

sermo,

Quint. 10, 1, 99:

stilus,

Gell. 3, 3, 13: prosapia, i. e. poor, mean, because Plautus was said to have worked in a mill, Min. Fel. Octav. 14.— Sup.:

versus Plautinissimi,

most Plautus-like, altogether in Plautus's manner, Gell. 3, 3, 4.

prĕmo, essi, essum, 3, v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. prelum], to press (class.).

Lit.:

pede pedem alicui premere,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 30:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518:

veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit humi nitens,

id. ib. 2, 379:

novercae Monstra manu premens,

id. ib. 8, 288:

pressit et inductis membra paterna rotis,

i. e. drove her chariot over her father's body, Ov. Ib. 366:

trabes Hymettiae Premunt columnas,

press, rest heavily upon them, Hor. C. 2, 18, 3:

premere terga genu alicujus,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 24:

ubera plena,

i. e. to milk, id. F. 4, 769:

vestigia alicujus,

to tread in, to follow one's footsteps, Tac. A. 2, 14:

nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,

Juv. 1, 43:

dente frena,

to bite, to champ, Ov. M. 10, 704:

ore aliquid,

to chew, eat, id. ib. 5, 538; cf.:

aliquid morsu,

Lucr. 3, 663:

presso molari,

with compressed teeth, Juv. 5, 160:

pressum lac,

i. e. cheese, Verg. E. 1, 82.—In mal. part.:

Hister Peucen premerat Antro,

forced, Val. Fl. 8, 256:

uxorem,

Suet. Calig. 25.—Of animals:

feminas premunt galli,

Mart. 3, 57, 17.—

Transf.

Poet., to bear down upon, to touch:

premere litora,

Ov. M. 14, 416:

litus,

to keep close to the shore, Hor. C. 2, 10, 3:

aëra,

i. e. to fly, Luc. 7, 835.—

Poet., to hold fast, hold, firmly grasp:

premere frena manu,

Ov. M. 8, 37:

ferrum,

to grasp, Sil. 5, 670:

capulum,

id. 2, 615.—

Poet., to press a place with one's body, i. e. to sit, stand, lie, fall, or seat one's self on any thing:

toros,

Ov. H. 12, 30:

sedilia,

id. M. 5, 317:

hoc quod premis habeto,

id. ib. 5, 135:

et pictam positā pharetram cervice premebat,

id. ib. 2, 421:

humum,

to lie on the ground, id. Am. 3, 5, 16; cf. id. F. 4, 844:

frondes tuo premis ore caducas,

id. M. 9, 650; Sen. Hippol. 510.—

To cover, to conceal by covering (mostly poet.):

aliquid terrā,

to conceal, bury in the earth, Hor. Epod. 1, 33:

nonumque prematur in annum,

kept back, suppressed, id. A. P. 388:

omne lucrum tenebris alta premebat humus,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 36:

ossa male pressa,

i. e. buried, id. Tr. 5, 3, 39; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191; hence, to crown, to cover or adorn with any thing:

ut premerer sacrā lauro,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 18:

molli Fronde crinem,

Verg. A. 4, 147:

canitiem galeā,

id. ib. 9, 612:

mitrā capillos,

Ov. F. 4, 517; cf. Verg. A. 5, 556.—

To make, form, or shape any thing by pressing ( poet.):

quod surgente die mulsere horisque diurnis, Nocte premunt,

they make into cheese, Verg. G. 3, 400:

os fingit premendo,

id. A. 6, 80:

caseos,

id. E. 1, 35:

mollem terram,

Vulg. Sap. 15, 7; Calp. Ecl. 5, 34.—

To press hard upon, bear down upon, to crowd, pursue closely:

hostes de loco superiore,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

Pompeiani nostros premere et instare coeperunt,

id. B. C. 3, 46:

hac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus,

Verg. A. 1, 467:

Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius,

Nep. Hann. 11, 5:

hinc Rutulus premit, et murum circumsonat armis,

Verg. A. 8, 473:

obsidione urbem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32.—Of the pursuit or chase of animals:

ad retia cervum,

Verg. G. 3, 413:

spumantis apri cursum clamore,

id. A. 1, 324:

bestias venatione,

Isid. 10, 282.—

To press down, burden, load, freight:

nescia quem premeret,

on whose back she sat, Ov. M. 2, 869:

tergum equi,

id. ib. 8, 34;

14, 343: et natat exuviis Graecia pressa suis,

Prop. 4, 1, 114 (5, 1, 116):

pressae carinae,

Verg. G. 1, 303:

pressus membra mero,

Prop. 2, 12 (3, 7), 42:

magno et gravi onere armorum pressi,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

auro phaleras,

to adorn, Stat. Th. 8, 567.—

To press into, force in, press upon:

(caprum) dentes in vite prementem,

Ov. F. 1, 355:

presso sub vomere,

Verg. G. 2, 356; cf.:

presso aratro,

Tib. 4, 1, 161:

alte ensem in corpore,

Stat. Th. 11, 542:

et nitidas presso pollice finge comas,

Prop. 3, 8 (4, 9), 14:

et cubito remanete presso,

leaning upon, Hor. C. 1, 27, 8. —

To make with any thing ( poet.):

aeternā notā,

Ov. F. 6, 610:

littera articulo pressa tremente,

id. H. 10, 140:

multā via pressa rotā,

id. ib. 18, 134.—

To press down, let down, cause to sink down, to lower:

nec preme, nec summum molire per aethera currum,

Ov. M. 2, 135:

humanaeque memor sortis, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit,

id. Tr. 3, 11, 67:

mundus ut ad Scythiam Rhiphaeasque arduus arces Consurgit, premitur Libyae devexus in Austros,

sinks down, Verg. G. 1, 240; Sen. Herc. Fur. 155. —

In partic.

To set, plant:

virgulta per agros,

Verg. G. 2, 346; 26.—

To make or form by pressing down, to make any thing deep, to dig:

vestigio leviter presso,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; cf.

(trop.): vestigia non pressa leviter, sed fixa,

id. Sest. 5, 13:

sulcum premere,

to draw a furrow, Verg. A. 10, 296:

fossam transversam, inter montes pressit (al. percussit),

Front. Strat. 1, 5:

fossa pressa,

Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 4:

cavernae in altitudinem pressae,

Curt. 5, 1, 28.—

To strike to the ground, to strike down:

tres famulos,

Verg. A. 9, 329:

paucos,

Tac. H. 4, 2.—

To press closely, compress, press together, close:

oculos,

Verg. A. 9, 487:

alicui fauces,

Ov. M. 12, 509:

laqueo collum,

to strangle, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37:

angebar ceu guttura forcipe pressus,

Ov. M. 9, 78:

presso gutture,

compressed, Verg. G. 1, 410; cf.:

siquidem unius praecordia pressit ille (boletus) senis,

i. e. stopped his breath, Juv. 6, 621:

quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis,

choked, id. 14, 221:

amplexu presso,

united, in close embrace, Sen. Oedip. 192:

oscula jungere pressa,

to exchange kisses, Ov. H. 2, 94; so,

pressa basia,

Mart. 6, 34, 1:

presso gradu incedere,

in close ranks, foot to foot, Liv. 28, 14:

pede presso,

id. 8, 8.—

In partic.

To shorten, tighten, draw in:

pressis habenis,

Verg. A. 11, 600 (cf.:

laxas dure habenas,

id. ib. 1, 63).—

To keep short, prune:

Calenā falce vitem,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 9:

luxuriem falce,

Ov. M. 14, 628:

falce premes umbras (i. e. arbores umbrantes),

Verg. G. 1, 157; 4, 131:

molle salictum,

Calp. Ecl. 5, 110.—

To check, arrest, stop:

premere sanguinem,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

vestigia pressit,

Verg. A. 6, 197:

attoniti pressere gradum,

Val. Fl. 2, 424 ' dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore, was silent, Verg. A. 6, 155.—

To press out, bring out by pressure:

tenerā sucos pressere medullā,

Luc. 4, 318; cf.: (equus) collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 95, 68, and id. G. 3, 85 Rib.—

To frequent: feci ut cotidie praesentem me viderent, habitavi in [p. 1441] oculis, pressi forum, Cic. Planc. 27, 66.—

Trop.

To press, press upon, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down; to urge, drive, importune, pursue, to press close or hard, etc. (class.):

ego istum pro suis factis pessumis pessum premam,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 49 Lorenz ad loc.:

quae necessitas eum tanta premebat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:

ea, quae premant, et ea, quae impendeant,

id. Fam. 9, 1, 2:

aerumnae, quae me premunt,

Sall. J. 14, 22:

pressus gravitate soporis,

bound by heavy, deep sleep, Ov. M. 15, 21:

cum aut aere alieno, aut magnitudine tributorum, aut injuriā potentium premuntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

invidia et odio populi premi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

premi periculis,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

cum a me premeretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139; cf.:

aliquem verbo,

id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:

criminibus veris premere aliquem,

Ov. M. 14, 401:

cum a plerisque ad exeundum premeretur, exire noluit,

was pressed, urged, importuned, Nep. Ages. 6, 1:

a Pompeii procuratoribus sescentis premi coeptus est,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3: numina nulla premunt;

mortali urgemur ab hoste,

Verg. A. 10, 375:

premere reum voce, vultu,

Tac. A. 3, 67:

crimen,

to pursue obstinately, Quint. 7, 2, 12:

confessionem,

to force a confession from one, id. 7, 1, 29:

argumentum etiam atque etiam,

to pursue steadily, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

ancipiti mentem formidine pressus,

Verg. A. 3, 47:

maerore pressa,

Sen. Oct. 103:

veritate pressus negare non potuit,

overcome, overpowered, Lact. 4, 13.—

Transf.

To repress, hide, conceal (mostly poet.):

dum nocte premuntur,

Verg. A. 6, 827:

curam sub corde,

id. ib. 4, 332:

odium,

Plin. Pan. 62:

iram,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

pavorem et consternationem mentis vultu,

id. ib. 13, 16:

interius omne secretum,

Sen. Ep. 3, 4:

dolorem silentio,

Val. Max. 3, 3, 1 ext.; cf. silentia, Sil. 12, 646:

aliquid ore,

Verg. A. 7, 103:

jam te premet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 16.—

To lower, diminish, undervalue, disparage, depreciate:

premendorum superiorum arte sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12:

arma Latini,

Verg. A. 11, 402:

opuscula ( = deprimere atque elevare),

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 36:

famam alicujus,

Tac. A. 15, 49:

premere ac despicere,

Quint. 11, 1, 16:

premere tumentia, humilia extollere,

id. ib. 10, 4, 1.—

To surpass, exceed:

facta premant annos,

Ov. M. 7, 449:

ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat,

id. P. 3, 1, 116:

quantum Latonia Nymphas Virgo premit,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 115.—

To rule ( poet.):

dicione premere populos,

Verg. A. 7, 737:

imperio,

id. ib. 1, 54:

Mycenas Servitio premet,

id. ib. 1, 285.—

To suppress, pull down, humble, degrade:

quae (vocabula) nunc situs premit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 118:

nec premendo alium me extulisse velim,

Liv. 22, 59, 10; cf. id. 39, 41, 1:

premebat reum crimen,

id. 3, 13, 1.—

To compress, abridge, condense:

haec enim, quae dilatantur a nobis, Zeno sic premebat,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20.—

To check, arrest, repress, restrain:

cursum ingenii tui, Brute, premit haec importuna clades civitatis,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

sub imo Corde gemitum,

Verg. A. 10, 464:

vocem,

to be silent, id. ib. 9, 324:

sermones vulgi,

to restrain, Tac. A. 3, 6.—

To store up, lay up in the mind, muse upon:

(vocem) ab ore Eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit,

Verg. A. 7, 119.—Hence, pressus, a, um, P. a.

Moderate, slow, suppressed, kept down.

Lit.:

presso pede eos retro cedentes principes recipiebant,

Liv. 8, 8, 9:

presso gradu,

id. 28, 14, 14; cf.:

pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

Ov. M. 3, 17.—

Trop.

Of the voice or manner, subdued:

haec cum pressis et flebilibus modis, qui totis theatris maestitiam inferant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106.—

Of color, lowered, depressed; hence, dark, gloomy:

color pressus,

Pall. 4, 13, 4:

color viridi pressior,

Plin. 35, 6, 13, § 32:

spadices pressi,

Serv. Verg. G. 3, 82.—

Esp., of an orator or of speech.

Compressed, concise, plain, without ornament (class.):

fiunt pro grandibus tumidi, pressis exiles, fortibus temerarii, etc.,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

cum Attici pressi et integri, contra Asiani inflati et inanes haberentur,

id. 12, 10, 18.—Of style:

pressa et tenuia, et quae minimum ab usu cotidiano recedant,

Quint. 10, 1, 102:

pressus et demissus stilus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5; Quint. 4, 2, 117.— Comp.: in concionibus pressior, et circumscriptior, et adductior, more moderate, keeping more within bounds, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.—

Close, exact, accurate:

Thucydides ita verbis aptus et pressus, ut,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56: quis te fuit umquam in partiundis rebus pressior? more exact, more accurate, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 364, 24:

sicuti taxare pressius crebriusque est, quam tangere,

Gell. 2, 6, 5:

quod (periculum) observandum pressiore cautelā censeo,

stricter, greater, App. M. 5, p. 160, 36:

cogitationes pressiores,

id. ib. 5, p. 163, 32.—So of sounds, precise, intelligible:

(lingua) vocem profusam fingit atque sonos vocis distinctos et pressos facit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—Hence, adv.: pressē, with pressure, violently (class.): artius pressiusque conflictata, Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 10, 6, 2.—

Closely, tightly.

Lit.:

vites pressius putare,

Pall. 12, 9:

pressius colla radere,

Veg. Vet. 1, 56.—

Trop.

Of pronunciation, shortly, neatly, trimly:

loqui non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, sed presse, et aequabiliter, et leniter,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; id. Off. 1, 37, 133.—

Of the mode of expression, etc., concisely, not diffusely:

definire presse et anguste,

Cic. Or. 33, 117:

abundanter dicere, an presse,

Quint. 8, 3, 40:

pressius et astrictius scripsi,

Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 10.—

Without ornament, simply:

unum (genus oratorum) attenuate presseque, alterum sublate ampleque dicentium,

Cic. Brut. 55, 202:

aliquid describere modo pressius, modo elatius,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 3.—

Closely, exactly, correctly, accurately:

mihi placet agi subtilius, et pressius,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24:

definiunt pressius,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 14:

anquisitius, et exactius pressiusque disserere,

Gell. 1, 3, 21.

prĕtĭum, ii, n. [Sanscr. root par-, pana (for parna), wager, loan; Gr. pi-praskô, to sell; priamai, to buy; cf. pornos], that for or by which any thing is bought or sold (class.).

Lit., money spent for any thing:

nil pretio parsit, filio dum parceret,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 32:

femina... urbem Exiguam pretio posuit,

for money has founded a small city, Verg. A. 4, 211:

vectigalia parvo pretio redempta habere,

for little money, cheaply, Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

pretio mercari ordinem senatorium,

to purchase, to gain with money, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

permutare pretio noluit, aliāve merce,

Plin. 9, 55, 81, § 171.—

In gen., money, wealth, etc. ( poet.), Ov. P. 2, 8, 6:

in pretio pretium nunc est,

id. F. 1, 217:

converso in pretium deo,

i. e. into a shower of gold, Hor. C. 3, 16, 8.—

Transf., worth, value, price.

In gen.: nec mi aurum posco nec mi pretium dederitis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 200 Vahl.):

pretium statuere merci,

to set, fix, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 133:

pretium certum constituere,

Cic. Att. 12, 33, 1:

enumerare,

id. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:

pacisci pro re aliquā,

to agree upon, settle, id. Off. 3, 29, 107:

exsolvere,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:

quibus hic pretiis porci veneunt?

at what prices are they sold here? id. ib. 2, 2, 15:

vendere aliquid pretio suo,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 30; id. Ps. 1, 2, 36:

parare sibi pretio aliquid,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 7:

multi extulerunt eorum pretia,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 6:

jacent pretia praediorum,

are low, down, fallen, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33.—

Esp.

In phrases: magni, parvi pretii esse, to be high or low in price, of much or little worth, of great or of small value:

nullus est tam parvi pretii, quin,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 60:

ne tu habes servum graphicum, et quantivis pretii!

id. Ep. 3, 3, 29:

agrum majoris pretii nemo habet,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:

noli spectare, quanti homo sit: parvi enim pretii est, qui jam nihil est,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:

de illis potissimum jactura fit, quia pretii minimi sunt,

Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2, 9: pretium habere, to have a value, to be worth something:

vendat oleum, si pretium habeat,

Cato, R. R. 2, 7:

annona porro pretium nisi in calamitate fructuum non habet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227; but also: pretium habere, to have a price, be for sale:

quis ignorat quin id longe sit liberalibus disciplinis dignissimum, non vendere operam: cum pleraque hoc ipso possint videri vilia, quod pretium habent,

Quint. 12, 7, 8; hence: pretium non habere, to have no price, be above price (late Lat.):

nihil esse pretiosius, immo eum pretium non habere testatur,

Aug. Serm. 36, 8: in pretio esse, to be of worth, value, or estimation, to be in repute:

tum coquus in pretio esse (coeptus),

Liv. 39, 6, 9:

nec in pretio fertilis hortus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 316; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 22: in pretio habere, to regard as of value:

in magno pretio habere,

Sen. Ep. 75, 11:

aurum et argentum in pretio habent,

Tac. G. 5;

for which cf.: pudebat libertatis majus esse apud feminas quam apud viros pretium,

Curt. 8, 2, 28: pretium facere, to fix or set a price or value; of a seller: indica, fac pretium. Do. Tua merx est;

tua indicatio est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 37;

of a purchaser: quis faceret pretium, nisi qui sua perdere vellet Omnia?

Mart. 1, 86, 7; Dig. 10, 3, 19.—

Wages, reward (mostly poet.):

pro pretio facio ut opera appareat,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 59:

operam Epidici nunc me emere pretio pretioso velim,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 17:

reddere alicui pro benefactis,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

palmae pretium victoribus,

Verg. A. 5, 111.—

Trop., worth, value:

quales ex hac die experiundo cognovit, perinde operae eorum pretium faceret,

would estimate their services, Liv. 27, 17:

sive aliquod morum Est pretium,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 43: corticis etiam ad medicamenta pretium est, Plin, 12, 25, 54, § 118; 12, 19, 43, § 95.—

Transf., pay, hire, wages, reward, price (cf.: stipendium, merces).

In a good sense: majores seorsum atque diversum pretium paravere bonis atque strenuis, decurionatus... aliosque honores, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. optionatus, p. 201 Müll.; so,

= praemium (opp. poena), ita et pretium recte facti triumphum haberet L. Paulus pro egregie bello gesto,

Liv. 45, 37, 5:

ut pretium honoremque debito beneficio addat,

id. 45, 14, 1:

cum pro cujusque merito consul pretia poenasque exsolvisset,

id. 26, 40, 15 Weissenb. ad loc.:

satis ampla pretia,

prizes, id. 21, 43, 6:

virtutum pretium,

Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 1.— Plur.: tam longā valetudine conflictabatur, ut haec tanta pretia vivendi mortis rationibus vincerentur, rewards of living, i. e. motives for living, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 4.—Esp. in phrase pretium curae, and more freq. pretium operae, a reward for trouble:

mihi visum est pretium curae, ipsum, senatus consultum quaerere,

seemed to me worth the trouble, worth while, Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 2:

est pretium curae cognoscere, etc.,

Juv. 6, 474: facturusne operae pretium sim, etc.,... nec satis scio, what will pay for the trouble, Liv. praef.:

operae pretium habent libertatem, civitatemque,

id. 25, 6; 21, 43: audire est operae pretium, etc., Enn. ap. Acron. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 454 Vahl.); so Liv. 3, 26, 7: reddere opis pretium pro factis, Enn. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 (Epigr. v. 6 Vahl.):

quo in genere est operae pretium diligentiam majorum recordari,

it is worth while, Cic. Agr. 2, 27, 73:

captā urbe, operae pretium fore,

Sall. J. 81, 2;

so without operae (post-Aug.): Germanico pretium fuit convertere agmen,

thought it of importance, Tac. A. 1, 57:

ni pretium foret Pisonis sententias noscere,

were it not worth while, were it not of importance, id. ib. 2, 35:

posse eum, si operae pretium faciat, principem popularium esse,

if he does any thing worth while, any thing of importance, Liv. 25, 30: duos servos ad hostes transfugisse et operae pretium fecisse, have done valuable service, Quadrig. ap. Sen. Ben. 3, 23:

scriptor minime utilis, cujus libro adtingere nullum pretium operae sit,

Gell. 12, 2, 1; so,

operis pretium est,

Sil. 16, 45.—

In a bad sense (i. q. poena), reward, punishment, like the Gr. timê, misthos ( poet.): si malos imitabor, tum pretium pro noxā dabis, Liv. And. ap. Non. 365, 27:

verbera, compedes, molae... haec pretia sunt ignaviae,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

ego pretium ob stultitiam fero,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 4:

et peccare nefas, aut pretium est mori,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 24:

ille crucem pretium sceleris tulit, hic diadema,

Juv. 13, 105.—Of bribery:

adduci pretio ad hominem condemnandum,

Cic. Caecil. 10, 29:

pretio judicem corrumpere,

id. ib. 25, 72:

nec prece, nec pretio a rectā viā deduci,

Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4.

successus, a, um, Part. of succedo.

successus, ūs, m. [succedo].

(Acc. to succedo, I.) An advance, approach (very rare).

Lit.:

successus et incursus hostium,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

equorum,

Verg. A. 12, 616.—

Transf. (post-class.), a place which one goes down into, a cavern:

terrarum,

Arn. 5, 173; 7, 251.—

(Acc. to succedo, II.) A succession of time, continuance (post-class.):

continuo totius temporis successu,

Just. 1, 8, 14:

ex successu continuae felicitatis obliviscitur se hominem,

id. 16, 5, 8.—

Trop., a happy issue, good result, success (the usual signif.;

perh. not ante-Aug.): successu exsultans,

Verg. A. 2, 386:

Mnestheus successu acrior ipso,

id. ib. 5, 210:

hos successus alit,

id. ib. 5, 231:

successum dea dira negat,

id. ib. 12, 914; cf.:

multo successu Fabiis audaciam crescere,

Liv. 2, 50, 3:

contentus fortuito successu,

id. 42, 66, 2:

elatus successu,

id. ib. § 3: successumque artes non habuere meae, Ov. R. [p. 1788] Am. 624:

successu rerum ferocior,

Tac. H. 4, 28; Ov. M. 6, 130; 8, 384; 8, 495 al.:

successus improborum plures allicit,

Phaedr. 2, 3, 7; Quint. 1, 2, 24; 10, 7, 13; Plin. 7, 7, 5, § 44:

petitionum,

id. 28, 8, 27, § 106:

artis,

id. 35, 9, 36, § 67:

nec successum victoriae moderatus est,

Suet. Aug. 13:

tantusque rerum successu haberi coeptus est,

Just. 17, 3, 22:

successu rerum florentes opes,

id. 18, 6, 1; 21, 6, 1.— Plur.:

pleni successibus anni,

Ov. M. 8, 273:

successus prosperos dare, Liv. prooem. § 13: ne successibus deesset auctoritas,

Just. 2, 4, 13.—

Concr., posterity, issue (post-class.):

ferunt Graecorum commenta... feminam... suā manu suos exstinxisse successus, i. e. Medea,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5.