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101 desastroso

adj.

disastrous, cataclysmic, catastrophic, calamitous.

* * *

desastroso

► adjetivo

1 disastrous

* * *

(f. - desastrosa)

adj.

disastrous

* * *

ADJ disastrous, calamitous

* * *

- sa adjetivo disastrous

* * *

= appalling, calamitous, disastrous, ruinous, abysmal, shambolic, catastrophic.

Ex. His article, 'The skeleton in the our closet: public libraries art collections suffer appalling losses,' examines the problem of theft and mutilation of art materials in public libraries.

Ex. Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

Ex. It gives an overview of the problems faced by the Los Angeles Public Library after it was gutted by the disastrous fire in 1986.

Ex. Negative features are the water sprinkler fire extinguishing system, which, if activated, would be ruinous to the Library's holdings.

Ex. The communications infrastructure in Africa varies from very good to abysmal = La infraestructura de comunicaciones en †frica oscila entre muy buena y pésima.

Ex. Hundreds of usually loyal fans booed and jeered as the tortured singer delivered a shambolic and apparently drunken performance.

Ex. Naturally changes stemming from these actions will affect all users of LC cataloging data, but it seems unlikely that the consequences will be catastrophic.

----

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de modo desastroso = disastrously.

* efecto desastroso = chilling effect.

* ser desastroso = spell + bad news, be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* * *

- sa adjetivo disastrous

* * *

= appalling, calamitous, disastrous, ruinous, abysmal, shambolic, catastrophic.

Ex: His article, 'The skeleton in the our closet: public libraries art collections suffer appalling losses,' examines the problem of theft and mutilation of art materials in public libraries.

Ex: Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

Ex: It gives an overview of the problems faced by the Los Angeles Public Library after it was gutted by the disastrous fire in 1986.

Ex: Negative features are the water sprinkler fire extinguishing system, which, if activated, would be ruinous to the Library's holdings.

Ex: The communications infrastructure in Africa varies from very good to abysmal = La infraestructura de comunicaciones en frica oscila entre muy buena y pésima.

Ex: Hundreds of usually loyal fans booed and jeered as the tortured singer delivered a shambolic and apparently drunken performance.

Ex: Naturally changes stemming from these actions will affect all users of LC cataloging data, but it seems unlikely that the consequences will be catastrophic.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de modo desastroso = disastrously.

* efecto desastroso = chilling effect.

* ser desastroso = spell + bad news, be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* * *

desastroso -sa

adjective

1 (catastrófico) disastrous, catastrophic

2 (uso hiperbólico) disastrous

* * *

desastroso
◊ -sa adjetivo

disastrous
desastroso,-a adjetivo disastrous

' desastroso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desastrosa
- fatal
- terrorífica
- terrorífico
English:
disastrous
- hopeless

* * *

desastroso, -a adj

1. [castastrófico] disastrous;

la helada fue desastrosa para la cosecha the frost had a disastrous effect on the harvest

2. [muy malo] disastrous;

esta comida es desastrosa this food is appalling o awful

* * *

desastroso

adj disastrous

* * *

desastroso, -sa adj

: disastrous, catastrophic

Spanish-English dictionary > desastroso
102 desatado

adj.

1 loose, unbound, untied.

2 wild, untied, unbound, uncontrolled.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: desatar.

* * *

desatado

► participio pasado

1→ link=desatar desatar

► adjetivo

1 loose, undone

2 figurado wild, uncontrolled

* * *

ADJ (=descontrolado) uncontrolled

está desatado — he's gone absolutely wild *

* * *

- da adjetivo

a) ( sin amarrar)

el perro estaba desatado — the dog was off its leash o was loose

llevas los cordones desatados — your shoelaces are undone

b) < nervios>

estar con or tener los nervios desatados — to be a bundle of nerves

* * *

= unbound.

Ex. The article 'Perseus unbound' examines the implications of the use of interactive video technologies in education.

* * *

- da adjetivo

a) ( sin amarrar)

el perro estaba desatado — the dog was off its leash o was loose

llevas los cordones desatados — your shoelaces are undone

b) < nervios>

estar con or tener los nervios desatados — to be a bundle of nerves

* * *

= unbound.

Ex: The article 'Perseus unbound' examines the implications of the use of interactive video technologies in education.

* * *

desatado -da

adjective

1

(sin amarrar): el perro estaba desatado the dog was off its leash o was loose

llevas los cordones desatados your shoelaces are undone

2 ( fam) ‹persona›

está desatado he's out of control, he's gone wild ( colloq)

3 ‹nervios›

estar con or tener los nervios desatados to be a bundle of nerves

* * *

Del verbo desatar: ( conjugate desatar)

desatado es:

el participio

Multiple Entries:
desatado
desatar
desatado
◊ -da adjetivo: estar desatado ‹ perro› to be loose;

‹cordón/nudo› to be undone
desatar ( conjugate desatar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹nudo/lazo› to untie, undo

b) ‹ persona› to untie;

‹ perro› to let … loose
desatarse verbo pronominal
a) [nudo/cordones] to come undone o untied;

[perro/caballo] to get loose
b) ( refl) [ persona] to untie oneself;

‹cordones/zapatos› to untie, undo
desatar verbo transitivo
1 to untie, undo
2 (provocar, desencadenar) to unleash: la medida desató la indignación de los trabajadores, the measure drove the workers to a state of indignation
' desatado' also found in these entries:
English:
undone

* * *

desatado, -a adj

1. [atadura, animal] loose;

llevas los cordones desatados your laces are undone;

no lleves al perro desatado don't let the dog off its leash

2. [descontrolado] out of control, uncontrollable;

estar desatado to be wild;

últimamente tiene los nervios desatados her nerves have been very frayed lately

Spanish-English dictionary > desatado
103 en auge

= in ascendancy, buoyant, booming, on the rise, at high tide

Ex. Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

Ex. The foreign relations of the Community will probably remain a buoyant area.

Ex. In the face of overpublishing and growing scepticism, this once booming area is now retrenching and broadening its coverage = En vista del exceso de publicaciones y del creciente escepticismo, este área que una vez estuvo en auge ahora ha venido a menos.

Ex. In the article 'Love is a many splendoured thing' a selection of 13 writers of romance, both new and veteran, all on the rise in their field, discuss their craft and the challenges of today's market.

Ex. The global economy is at high tide and Canada is expected to ride the wave with six per cent export growth this year.

* * *

= in ascendancy, buoyant, booming, on the rise, at high tide

Ex: Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

Ex: The foreign relations of the Community will probably remain a buoyant area.

Ex: In the face of overpublishing and growing scepticism, this once booming area is now retrenching and broadening its coverage = En vista del exceso de publicaciones y del creciente escepticismo, este área que una vez estuvo en auge ahora ha venido a menos.

Ex: In the article 'Love is a many splendoured thing' a selection of 13 writers of romance, both new and veteran, all on the rise in their field, discuss their craft and the challenges of today's market.

Ex: The global economy is at high tide and Canada is expected to ride the wave with six per cent export growth this year.

Spanish-English dictionary > en auge
104 agitar

v.

1 to shake.

agitar los brazos/un pañuelo to wave one's arms/a handkerchief

agítese antes de usar shake before use

2 to get worked up (poner nervioso a).

3 to stir up (masas, pueblo).

Pedro agita el cóctel Peter stirs the cocktail.

4 to agitate, to upheave, to cause unrest in, to incite.

El comunicado agitó al pueblo The press release agitated the people.

5 to flap, to flutter.

El avecilla agitó su alita The little bird flapped its winglet.

6 to fling about, to wave.

Noel agitó los brazos Noel flung his arms about.

7 to perturb, to confuse by haste, to flurry.

La noticia agitó a Silvia The news flurried Silvia.

8 to rustle, to move.

* * *

agitar

► verbo transitivo

1 (mover) to agitate, shake; (pañuelo) to wave

■ 'Agítese antes de usarlo' "Shake before use"

2 (intranquilizar) agitate, excite

► verbo pronominal agitarse

1 (moverse) to move restlessly

2 (inquietarse) to become agitated/disturbed

3 (mar) to become rough

* * *

verb

1) to shake, agitate

2) wave, flap

•

- agitarse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ mano, bandera, arma] to wave

agitaba un pañuelo — she was waving a handkerchief

el viento agitaba las hojas — the wind stirred the leaves

el pájaro agitaba las alas — the bird was flapping its wings

2) [+ botella, líquido] to shake

agítese antes de usar — shake well before use

agité al herido para que volviera en si — I shook the injured man o I gave the injured man a shake to bring him round

agitó el café con una cuchara — he stirred the coffee with a spoon

3) (=inquietar) to worry, upset

los rumores del accidente la agitaron — the rumours about the accident worried o upset her

4) (=convulsionar) [+ multitud] to stir up

su asesinato agitó al país — his assassination stirred up the country

5) (=esgrimir) to use

agitan el miedo a la guerra para ganar votos — they use the fear of war to win votes

2.

See:

agitarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <líquido/botella> to shake

agítese antes de usar — shake well before use

b) <brazo/pañuelo> to wave; < alas> to flap

el viento agitaba las hojas — the leaves rustled in the wind

c) <sociedad/país> to cause unrest in
2.
agitarse v pron

a) mar to get rough; barca to toss; toldo to flap

b) ( inquietarse) to get worked up

* * *

= shake up, stir up, stir, flail, roil, swish.

Nota: Produciendo un silbido o ruido.

Ex. This will shake up library managers no end.

Ex. The stuff was diluted there with water to the appearance and consistency of liquid porridge; it was kept tepid with a small charcoal furnace let into the side of the vat, and it was stirred up occasionally with a paddle.

Ex. The article is entitled 'Take 25 branches and stir gently... a recipe for success'.

Ex. The crab's mouth has elongated setae, notably on the maxilla, which it repeatedly flails through the seawater to feed on suspended material.

Ex. Financial markets, which had been roiled Tuesday by a falling dollar and soaring energy prices, recovered some of their losses Wednesday.

Ex. Swishing wine in the mouth helps you taste all the flavors in a wine.

----

* agitar los brazos = wave + Posesivo + arms.

* agitarse = churn, flutter, wave, slosh around.

* agitarse en el viento = rustle.

* agitar una bandera = wave + flag.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <líquido/botella> to shake

agítese antes de usar — shake well before use

b) <brazo/pañuelo> to wave; < alas> to flap

el viento agitaba las hojas — the leaves rustled in the wind

c) <sociedad/país> to cause unrest in
2.
agitarse v pron

a) mar to get rough; barca to toss; toldo to flap

b) ( inquietarse) to get worked up

* * *

= shake up, stir up, stir, flail, roil, swish.

Nota: Produciendo un silbido o ruido.

Ex: This will shake up library managers no end.

Ex: The stuff was diluted there with water to the appearance and consistency of liquid porridge; it was kept tepid with a small charcoal furnace let into the side of the vat, and it was stirred up occasionally with a paddle.

Ex: The article is entitled 'Take 25 branches and stir gently... a recipe for success'.

Ex: The crab's mouth has elongated setae, notably on the maxilla, which it repeatedly flails through the seawater to feed on suspended material.

Ex: Financial markets, which had been roiled Tuesday by a falling dollar and soaring energy prices, recovered some of their losses Wednesday.

Ex: Swishing wine in the mouth helps you taste all the flavors in a wine.

* agitar los brazos = wave + Posesivo + arms.

* agitarse = churn, flutter, wave, slosh around.

* agitarse en el viento = rustle.

* agitar una bandera = wave + flag.

* * *

agitar [A1 ]

vt

1 ‹líquido/botella› to shake

[ S ] agítese antes de usar shake well before use

2 ‹brazo/bandera/pañuelo› to wave

el pájaro agitaba las alas the bird was flapping its wings

el viento agitaba las hojas the leaves rustled in the wind, the wind rustled the leaves

3 ‹sociedad/país› to cause unrest in

■ agitarse

v pron

1 «barca» to toss; «toldo» to flap

2 (inquietarse) to get worked up

* * *

agitar ( conjugate agitar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹líquido/botella› to shake

b) ‹brazo/pañuelo› to wave;

‹ alas› to flap
agitarse verbo pronominal
a) [ mar] to get rough;

[ barca] to toss;
[ toldo] to flap
b) ( inquietarse) to get worked up

agitar verbo transitivo
1 (el contenido de un envase) to shake
2 (alterar a una multitud) to agitate, stir up
' agitar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agitador
- agitadora
- alborotar
- mover
- sacudir
English:
agitate
- churn
- flap
- flourish
- flutter
- shake
- shake up
- stir
- swish
- throw about
- throw around
- wave
- whip

* * *

agitar

♦ vt

1. [sacudir] to shake;
[remover] to stir;
agitar los brazos/un pañuelo to wave one's arms/a handkerchief;

agítese antes de usar [en etiqueta] shake before use

2. [poner nervioso a] to get worked up

3. [inquietar] to worry, to upset

4. [masas, pueblo] to stir up

♦ See also the pronominal verb agitarse

* * *

agitar

v/t

1 shake; fig

stir up

2 brazos, pañuelo wave

* * *

agitar vt

1) : to agitate, to shake

2) : to wave, to flap

3) : to stir up

♦ See also the reflexive verb agitarse

* * *

agitar vb

1. (botella, persona) to shake [pt. shook; pp. shaken]

agita bien el zumo shake the juice well

2. (pañuelo, brazos) to wave

3. (alas) to flap [pt. & pp. flapped]

Spanish-English dictionary > agitar
105 comble

comble [kɔ̃bl]

1. adjective

[pièce, autobus] packed

2. masculine noun

a. ( = degré extrême) height

• c'est le comble du ridicule ! that's the height of absurdity!

• au comble de la joie overjoyed

• au comble du désespoir in the depths of despair

• être à son comble [joie, colère] to be at its peak

• c'est le or un comble ! that's the last straw!

• le comble, c'est qu'il est parti sans payer and to top it all (inf) he left without paying

b. ( = charpente) les combles the attic

• loger sous les combles to live in a garret

* * *
kɔ̃bl
1.

adjectif [salle] packed

faire salle comble — ( pour une conférence) to have a capacity audience; ( à un spectacle) to play to packed houses

la mesure est comble, je démissionne! — that's the last straw, I resign!

2.

nom masculin

1) ( point extrême)

le comble de l'injustice — the height of injustice

c'est le comble de l'horreur — it's absolutely horrific

il était au comble de la joie — he was absolutely delighted

être à son comble — [émotion, suspense] to be at its height

porter quelque chose à son comble — to take something to its extreme

être au comble du désespoir — to be in the depths of despair

pour comble de malchance j'ai raté mon avion! — to crown it all, I missed my plane!

et, comble du raffinement, les draps étaient en soie! — and, as the ultimate in refinement, there were silk sheets!

c'est un or le comble! — (colloq) that's the limit!

2) Architecture roof space

de fond en comble — [fouiller, nettoyer] from top to bottom; [changer, détruire] completely

3.

combles nom masculin pluriel attic (sg)

* * *
kɔ̃bl
1. adj

(salle) packed, packed full

2. nm

1) [bonheur, plaisir] height

être au comble du bonheur — to be perfectly happy

pour comble de malchance — to cap it all

2) (en locution)

c'est vraiment un comble! — that's the limit!, that beats everything!

c'est le comble! — that's the limit!, that beats everything!

3) (autres locutions)

de fond en comble — from top to bottom

3. combles nmpl

CONSTRUCTION attic sg loft sg

sous les combles — in the attic

* * *

comble

A adj [salle] packed; faire salle comble ( pour une conférence) to have a capacity audience; ( à un spectacle) to play to packed houses; la mesure est comble, je démissionne! that's the last straw, I resign!

B nm

1 ( point extrême) le comble de l'injustice/du mauvais goût the height of injustice/of bad taste; c'est le comble de l'horreur/du ridicule it's absolutely horrific/ridiculous; il était au comble de la colère/joie he was absolutely furious/delighted; être à son comble [émotion, tension, suspense] to be at its height; porter qch à son comble to take sth to its extreme; être au comble du désespoir to be in the depths of despair; c'est le comble du paradoxe it's a complete paradox; pour comble de malheur or malchance j'ai raté mon avion! to crown it all ou as if that wasn't enough, I missed my plane!; et, comble du raffinement, les draps étaient en soie! and, as the ultimate in refinement, there were silk sheets!; c'est un or le comble○! that's the limit!;

2 Archit roof space; faux comble, comble perdu Archit lost roof space, unused roof space; comble aménageable usable roof space; de fond en comble [fouiller, nettoyer] from top to bottom; [changer, détruire] completely.

C combles nmpl gén attic (sg); Archit eaves.

[kɔ̃bl] adjectif

packed, crammed

————————

[kɔ̃bl] nom masculin

1. [summum]

le comble de the height ou epitome of

le comble du chic the ultimate in chic

du champagne et, comble du luxe, du caviar champagne and, oh, height of luxury, caviare

(c'est) un ou le comble! that beats everything!, that takes the biscuit! (UK) ou takes the cake! (US)

le comble, c'est que... to crown ou to cap it all...

les objectifs ne sont pas atteints, un comble pour une usine-pilote! they haven't fulfilled their objectives, which is just not on for a model factory!

2. [charpente] roof timbers ou gable

comble mansardé mansard roof

les combles the attic

————————

à son comble locution adverbiale

at its height

la panique était à son comble the panic was at its height

au comble de locution prépositionnelle

at the height of, in a paroxysm of

au comble du bonheur deliriously happy

au comble de la douleur prostrate with ou in a paroxysm of grief

pour comble de locution prépositionnelle

et pour comble de malchance, la voiture est tombée en panne and then, to cap it all, the car broke down

pour comble d'hypocrisie, ils envoient leur fille chez les sœurs then, to compound the hypocrisy, they send their daughter to a convent

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > comble
106 stage

I
1. stei‹ noun
(a raised platform especially for performing or acting on, eg in a theatre.)

2. verb
1) (to prepare and produce (a play etc) in a theatre etc: This play was first staged in 1928.)

2) (to organize (an event etc): The protesters are planning to stage a demonstration.)

•

- staging
- stage direction
- stage fright
- stagehand
- stage manager
- stagestruck
II stei‹
1) (a period or step in the development of something: The plan is in its early stages; At this stage, we don't know how many survivors there are.)

2) (part of a journey: The first stage of our journey will be the flight to Singapore.)

3) (a section of a bus route.)

4) (a section of a rocket.)

•

- stagecoach

stage n

1. etapa / fase

the new road is at the planning stage la nueva carretera está en fase de planificación

2. escenario

the audience went crazy when the band came on stage el público enloqueció cuando el grupo salió al escenario

to go on the stage hacerse actor

stage

tr[steɪʤ]

noun

1 (point, period) etapa, fase nombre femenino

■ at this stage of the negotiations a estas alturas de las negociaciones

■ corrections can be done at a later stage se pueden hacer las correcciones más adelante

■ the project is still in its early stages el proyecto está aún en pañales

■ it's just a stage she's going through ya superará esa fase

2 (of journey, race) etapa; (day's journey) jornada

3 (in theatre) escenario, escena; (raised platform) plataforma, tablado, estrado

■ what time do you go on stage? ¿a qué hora sales al escenario?

4 figurative use (scene of action) escena

5 (of rocket) fase nombre femenino

6 familiar (stagecoach) diligencia

transitive verb

1 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL poner en escena, montar, representar

2 (hold, carry out) llevar a cabo, efectuar; (arrange) organizar, montar

noun the stage

1 (the theatre) el teatro, las tablas nombre femenino plural

■ she's always wanted to go on the stage siempre ha querido ser actriz

■ his novel has been adapted for the stage se ha adaptado su novela para el teatro

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

by stages / in stages por etapas

to set the stage for something crear el marco para algo

stage direction acotación nombre femenino

stage door entrada de artistas

stage fright miedo a salir a escena, miedo escénico

stage manager director,-ra de escena

stage name nombre nombre masculino artístico

stage whisper aparte nombre masculino

stage ['steɪʤ] vt, staged ; staging : poner en escena (una obra de teatro)

stage n

1) platform: estrado m, tablado m, escenario m (de un teatro)

2) phase, step: fase f, etapa f

stage of development: fase de desarrollo

in stages: por etapas

3)

the stage : el teatro m

stage (Theater, TV)

n.

• escenario (ESP) s.m.

n.

• cadalso s.m.

• entablado s.m.

• escena s.f.

• estadio s.m.

• estrado s.m.

• etapa s.f.

• fase (Aeronáutica) s.f.

• jalón s.m.

• plataforma s.f.

• posta s.f.

• tablado s.m.

• tiempo s.m.

v.

• efectuar v.

• organizar v.

• representar v.

I steɪdʒ
noun

1)

a) ( platform) tablado m; ( in theater) escenario m

to go on stage — salir* a escena or al escenario

to set the stage for something — crear el marco para algo; (before n)

stage designer — escenógrafo, -fa m,f

stage door — entrada f de artistas

b) ( medium)

the stage — el teatro

c) ( profession)

the stage — el teatro, las tablas (period)

to go on the stage — hacerse* actor/actriz; (before n) < actress> de teatro

stage name — nombre m artístico

2) (in development, activity) fase f, etapa f

the early stages of pregnancy — los primeros meses del embarazo

at a later stage — más adelante

at some stage — en algún momento

I'd reached the stage where I didn't care any more — había llegado a un punto en que ya no me importaba

by this stage — a esas alturas

to do something in stages — hacer* algo por etapas

3) ( of rocket) fase f

II

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<event\>\> organizar*, montar; \<\<strike/demonstration\>\> hacer*; \<\<attack\>\> llevar a cabo, perpetrar; \<\<coup\>\> dar*

she staged a comeback five years later — hizo su reaparición cinco años más tarde

b) (engineer, arrange) arreglar, orquestar

2) ( Theat) \<\<play\>\> poner* en escena, representar

[steɪdʒ]
1. N

1) (=platform) tablado m ; (in conference hall) estrado m

2) (Theat) escenario m

I get nervous on stage — me pongo nervioso en el escenario

to put a play on the stage — poner una obra en escena

to go on stage — salir a escena or al escenario

you're on stage in two minutes — sales (a escena) en dos minutos

stage left/right — la parte del escenario a la izquierda/derecha del actor (de cara al público)

the stage — (as profession) el teatro

he writes for the stage — escribe para el teatro

to go on the stage — hacerse actor/actriz

- set the stage for sth

the stage was set for a political showdown — se había creado el marco idóneo para una confrontación política

3) (fig) (=scene) escena f

he occupies the centre of the political stage — ocupa el centro de la escena política

4) (=step) (in process) etapa f, fase f

at this stage in the negotiations — en esta etapa or a estas alturas de las negociaciones

we can't cancel at this late stage — no podemos cancelarlo a estas alturas

problems could arise at a later stage — podrían surgir problemas más adelante

he's bound to find out at some stage — seguro que se entera tarde o temprano

the project is still in its early stages — el proyecto se encuentra todavía en su fase or etapa inicial

the war was in its final stages — la guerra estaba en sus últimas etapas

to go through a difficult stage — pasar por una etapa difícil

it's just a stage he's going through — no es más que una fase que está atravesando

in stages — por etapas

in or by easy stages — en etapas or fases cortas
committee
5) [of rocket] fase f ; [of pipeline] tramo m

a four-stage rocket — un cohete de cuatro fases

6) (=stagecoach) diligencia f

2. VT

1) (Theat) [+ play] representar, poner en escena

2) (=organize) [+ concert, festival] organizar, montar

3) (=carry out) [+ protest] organizar; [+ demonstration, strike] hacer; [+ attack] lanzar

the sixties rock legend is staging a comeback — la leyenda rockera de los sesenta prepara una vuelta a escena

sterling has staged a recovery on foreign exchange markets — la libra esterlina ha experimentado una mejora en los mercados de divisas extranjeros

4) pej (=orchestrate) montar, organizar

that was no accident, it was staged — eso no fue ningún accidente, estaba montado or organizado

3.

CPD

stage adaptation N — adaptación f teatral

stage designer N — escenógrafo(-a) m / f

stage direction N — acotación f

stage director N — = stage manager

stage door N — entrada f de artistas

stage fright N — miedo m a las tablas or al escenario, miedo m escénico

to get stage fright — ponerse nervioso al salir a las tablas or al escenario

stage manager N — director(a) m / f de escena

stage name N — nombre m artístico

stage presence N — presencia f en el escenario

stage set N — decorado m

stage show N — espectáculo m

stage whisper N — aparte m

* * *

I [steɪdʒ]
noun

1)

a) ( platform) tablado m; ( in theater) escenario m

to go on stage — salir* a escena or al escenario

to set the stage for something — crear el marco para algo; (before n)

stage designer — escenógrafo, -fa m,f

stage door — entrada f de artistas

b) ( medium)

the stage — el teatro

c) ( profession)

the stage — el teatro, las tablas (period)

to go on the stage — hacerse* actor/actriz; (before n) < actress> de teatro

stage name — nombre m artístico

2) (in development, activity) fase f, etapa f

the early stages of pregnancy — los primeros meses del embarazo

at a later stage — más adelante

at some stage — en algún momento

I'd reached the stage where I didn't care any more — había llegado a un punto en que ya no me importaba

by this stage — a esas alturas

to do something in stages — hacer* algo por etapas

3) ( of rocket) fase f

II

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<event\>\> organizar*, montar; \<\<strike/demonstration\>\> hacer*; \<\<attack\>\> llevar a cabo, perpetrar; \<\<coup\>\> dar*

she staged a comeback five years later — hizo su reaparición cinco años más tarde

b) (engineer, arrange) arreglar, orquestar

2) ( Theat) \<\<play\>\> poner* en escena, representar

English-spanish dictionary > stage
107 resentirse

pron.v.

1 to be weakened.

2 to be offended.

* * *

resentirse

Conjugation model [ HERVIR], like link=hervir hervir

► verbo pronominal

1 (sentirse) to suffer (de, from), feel the effects (de, of)

■ me resiento del tobillo my ankle hurts, I have a sore ankle

2 (flaquear) to be weakened

3 figurado (enojarse) to become resentful, feel resentment

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

resentirse con/contra alguien figurado to bear somebody resentment

resentirse por algo figurado to take offence (US offense) at something

* * *

verb

1) to suffer

2) be hurt

* * *

VPR

1) (=estar resentido)

resentirse con o por algo — to resent sth, feel bitter about sth

2) (=debilitarse) to be weakened, suffer

con los años se resintió su salud — his health suffered o was affected over the years

los cimientos se resintieron con el terremoto — the foundations were weakened by the earthquake

sin que se resienta el dólar — without the dollar being affected

3) (=sentir)

resentirse de — [+ defecto] to suffer from

resentirse de las consecuencias de — to feel the effects of

me resiento todavía del golpe — I can still feel the effects of the injury

* * *

verbo pronominal

1)

a) ( sentir dolor)

resentirse DE algo: aún se resiente de la lesión he is still suffering the effects of the injury; ya no me resiento de la espalda my back doesn't give me trouble any more (colloq); aún se resienten de la derrota — they're still smarting from the defeat

b) ( sufrir las consecuencias) to suffer

su trabajo no se resentía — his work didn't suffer

su salud se resentía con el clima — the weather was taking its toll on his health

2) (ofenderse, molestarse) to get upset

* * *

(v.) = smart, grudge, pique

Ex. The Soviet hosts, meanwhile, still smarting over myriad implications of inferiority, found themselves in the novel position of being expected to instruct and enlighten Westerners.

Ex. He did not grudge them the money, but he grudged terribly the risk which the spending of that money might bring on them.

Ex. In one interview, piqued by this recurrent comment on his Irishness, he pointed out that he came not from idyllic emerald green surroundings.

* * *

verbo pronominal

1)

a) ( sentir dolor)

resentirse DE algo: aún se resiente de la lesión he is still suffering the effects of the injury; ya no me resiento de la espalda my back doesn't give me trouble any more (colloq); aún se resienten de la derrota — they're still smarting from the defeat

b) ( sufrir las consecuencias) to suffer

su trabajo no se resentía — his work didn't suffer

su salud se resentía con el clima — the weather was taking its toll on his health

2) (ofenderse, molestarse) to get upset

* * *

(v.) = smart, grudge, pique

Ex: The Soviet hosts, meanwhile, still smarting over myriad implications of inferiority, found themselves in the novel position of being expected to instruct and enlighten Westerners.

Ex: He did not grudge them the money, but he grudged terribly the risk which the spending of that money might bring on them.

Ex: In one interview, piqued by this recurrent comment on his Irishness, he pointed out that he came not from idyllic emerald green surroundings.

* * *

resentirse [ I11 ]

v pron

A

1 (sentir dolor) resentirse DE algo:

todavía se resiente de aquella lesión he is still feeling o suffering the effects of that injury

ya no me resiento de la espalda my back doesn't give me trouble any more, my back doesn't play me up any more ( colloq)

todavía se resienten de aquella derrota they're still smarting from that defeat

2 (sufrir las consecuencias) to suffer

su salud se resentía con el exceso de trabajo the excessive workload was telling on his health o was taking its toll on his health, his health was suffering because he was overworking

su trabajo no se resentía his work didn't suffer, it didn't affect his work

se resentiría el sabor the flavor would suffer o would be affected, it would spoil the flavor

B (ofenderse, molestarse) to get upset

se resintió mucho porque no lo invitaron he was very put out o offended o upset that they didn't invite him

* * *

resentirse ( conjugate resentirse) verbo pronominal
a) ( sentir dolor):

◊ aún se resiente de la lesión he is still suffering the effects of the injury;

aún se resienten de la derrota they're still smarting from the defeat
b) ( sufrir las consecuencias) [salud/trabajo] to suffer

c) (ofenderse, molestarse) to get upset

resentirse verbo reflexivo
1 (volver a sentir dolor por una antigua dolencia) to suffer [de, from], to feel the (after-) effects [de, of]: aún se resiente del golpe en la cadera, she's still feeling the effects of having bumped her thigh
2 (debilitarse) to weaken
3 (ofenderse) to feel offended
resentirse por algo, to take offence at sthg o to feel bitter about sthg
' resentirse' also found in these entries:
English:
smart
- suffer

* * *

resentirse vpr

1. [debilitarse] to be weakened;
[salud] to deteriorate;
la calidad de su trabajo se resintió por la falta de motivación her work deteriorated through lack of motivation

2. [sentir]
resentirse de to be suffering from;

aún se resiente de aquel golpe she's still suffering from the effects of that blow;

se resiente de la rodilla he's got a bad knee, his knee is giving him trouble

3. [ofenderse] to be offended

* * *

resentirse

v/r

1 get upset;

resentirse con alguien feel resentful toward s.o.

2 de rendimiento, calidad suffer;

resentirse de algo suffer from the effects of sth

* * *

resentirse {76} vr

1) : to suffer, to be weakened

2) ofenderse: to be upset

se resintió porque la insultaron: she got upset when they insulted her, she resented being insulted

3)

resentirse de : to feel the effects of

Spanish-English dictionary > resentirse
108 height

hæit
noun

1) (the distance from the bottom to the top of something: What is the height of this building?; He is 1.75 metres in height.) altura

2) (the highest, greatest, strongest etc point: He is at the height of his career; The storm was at its height.) auge, cúspide, cima, apogeo, punto culminante

3) (the peak or extreme: dressed in the height of fashion; His actions were the height of folly.) colmo, cumbre, cima

4) (a high place: We looked down from the heights at the valley beneath us.) altura; cumbre, cima

•

- heighten

height n altura

height

tr[haɪt]

noun

1 (gen) altura

2 (altitude) altitud nombre femenino

3 (of person) estatura

■ what height is he? ¿cuánto mide?, ¿qué estatura tiene?

4 SMALLGEOGRAPHY/SMALL cumbre nombre femenino, cima

5 figurative use (highest point) colmo, cumbre nombre femenino, cima

■ the height of stupidity el colmo de la tontería

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be afraid of heights tener vértigo

to gain height subir

to lose height bajar

the Golan Heights Los Altos de Golán

average height estatura media, estatura normal

height ['haɪt] n

1) peak: cumbre f, cima f, punto m alto

at the height of her career: en la cumbre de su carrera

the height of stupidity: el colmo de la estupidez

2) tallness: estatura f (de una persona), altura f (de un objeto)

3) altitude: altura f

height

n.

• alteza s.f.

• altitud s.f.

• alto s.m.

• altozano s.m.

• altura s.f.

• culminación s.f.

• elevación s.f.

• eminencia s.f.

• encumbramiento s.m.

• estatura s.f.

• peralte s.m.

haɪt
noun

1) u c ( tallness - of object) altura f; (- of person) estatura f, talla f

what height are you? — ¿cuánto mides?

she drew herself up to her full height — se irguió cuan alta era

to gain/lose height — ( Aviat) ganar/perder* altura

at a height of 2,000 m above sea level — a una altura de 2.000 m sobre el nivel del mar

2) ( peak) (no pl)

to be at the height of one's power — estar* en la cima or en la cumbre or en la cúspide de su (or mi etc) poder

when the storm was at its height — en plena tormenta

the height of fashion — el último grito (de la moda)

it's the height of madness — es el colmo de la locura

3) heights pl

a) ( high ground) cerros mpl, cumbres fpl

b) (high places, buildings) alturas fpl

to be afraid of heights — sufrir de vértigo

c) ( highest level)

speculation rose to new o fresh heights — la especulación alcanzó nuevas cotas

[haɪt]
N
1) (=measurement) [of object] altura f ; [of person] estatura f

to be 20 metres in height — medir or tener 20 metros de alto, tener una altura de 20 metros

we are the same height — tenemos la misma estatura, somos igual de altos

he was of medium or average height and build — era de estatura y constitución media

he drew himself up to his full height — se irguió todo lo alto que era

she's about my height — tiene mi altura or es de mi estatura más o menos

he sometimes found his height a disadvantage — su altura le resultaba a veces una desventaja

2) (=altitude) altura f

height above sea level — altura f or altitud f sobre el nivel del mar

at a height of 2,000 m — a una altura or altitud de 2.000 m

to gain/lose height — ganar/perder altura

hold your arms out at shoulder height — levanta los brazos a la altura de los hombros

3) (=high place) cumbre f

to be afraid of heights — tener miedo a las alturas, tener vértigo

the heights — las alturas
head 1., 2)
4) (=peak, zenith) cumbre f, cima f

at the height of her career — en la cumbre or la cima de su carrera

at its height, the movement had millions of supporters — en su punto más álgido, el movimiento tenía millones de seguidores

at the height of the battle — en los momentos más críticos de la batalla

the height of fashion — la última moda

at the height of summer — en pleno verano

the dollar has soared to new heights — el dólar ha escalado a nuevas cotas
dizzy
5) (=utmost degree) colmo m

it is the height of arrogance/stupidity — es el colmo de la arrogancia/la estupidez

* * *
[haɪt]
noun

1) u c ( tallness - of object) altura f; (- of person) estatura f, talla f

what height are you? — ¿cuánto mides?

she drew herself up to her full height — se irguió cuan alta era

to gain/lose height — ( Aviat) ganar/perder* altura

at a height of 2,000 m above sea level — a una altura de 2.000 m sobre el nivel del mar

2) ( peak) (no pl)

to be at the height of one's power — estar* en la cima or en la cumbre or en la cúspide de su (or mi etc) poder

when the storm was at its height — en plena tormenta

the height of fashion — el último grito (de la moda)

it's the height of madness — es el colmo de la locura

3) heights pl

a) ( high ground) cerros mpl, cumbres fpl

b) (high places, buildings) alturas fpl

to be afraid of heights — sufrir de vértigo

c) ( highest level)

speculation rose to new o fresh heights — la especulación alcanzó nuevas cotas

English-spanish dictionary > height
109 beat

1. transitive verb,
beat, beaten

1) (strike repeatedly) schlagen [Trommel, Rhythmus, Eier, Teig]; klopfen [Teppich]; hämmern [Gold, Silber usw.]

beat one's breast — (lit. or fig.) sich (Dat.) an die Brust schlagen

2) (hit) schlagen; [ver]prügeln

3) (defeat) schlagen [Mannschaft, Gegner]; (surmount) in den Griff bekommen [Inflation, Arbeitslosigkeit, Krise]

beat the deadline — den Termin noch einhalten

4) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]; übertreffen [Leistung]

hard to beat — schwer zu schlagen

you can't beat or nothing beats French cuisine — es geht [doch] nichts über die französische Küche

beat that! — das soll mal einer nachmachen!

beat everything — (coll.) alles in den Schatten stellen

beat somebody to it — jemandem zuvorkommen

can you beat it? — ist denn das zu fassen?

5) (circumvent) umgehen

beat the system — sich gegen das bestehende System durchsetzen

6) (perplex)

it beats me how/why... — es ist mir ein Rätsel wie/warum...

7)

beat time — den Takt schlagen

8) p.p. beat

I'm beat — (coll.): (exhausted) ich bin erledigt (ugs.). See also academic.ru/6046/beaten">beaten 2.
2. intransitive verb,
beat, beaten

1) (throb) [Herz:] schlagen, klopfen; [Puls:] schlagen

my heart seemed to stop beating — ich dachte, mir bleibt das Herz stehen

2) [Sonne:] brennen (on auf + Akk.); [Wind, Wellen:] schlagen (on auf + Akk., against gegen); [Regen, Hagel:] prasseln, trommeln ( against gegen)

3)

beat about the bush — um den [heißen] Brei herumreden (ugs.)

4) (knock) klopfen (at an + Dat.)

5) (Naut.) kreuzen
3. noun
1) (stroke, throbbing) Schlag, der; (rhythm) Takt, der

his heart missed a beat — ihm stockte das Herz

2) (Mus.) Schlag, der; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag, der

3) (of policeman, watchman) Runde, die; (area) Revier, das

be off somebody's [usual] beat — (fig.) nicht in jemandes Fach schlagen

Phrasal Verbs:

- beat back

- beat down

- beat in

- beat off

- beat out

- beat up

* * *

past tense; see beat

* * *

beat

[bi:t]

I. n

1. (throb) Schlag m

2. no pl (act) Schlagen nt kein pl, Pochen nt kein pl; of the heart also Klopfen nt

her heart skipped a \beat ihr stockte das Herz

3. no pl MUS Takt m

to have a strong \beat einen ausgeprägten Rhythmus haben

to the \beat of the music im Takt der Musik

4. usu sing (patrol) Revier nt

to be on [or to walk] the \beat seine Runde machen

5.

▶ to be off sb's \beat nicht jds Fach sein

II. adj inv, pred ( fam)

1. (exhausted) erschlagen fam, fix und fertig fam; (tired) todmüde fam

to be dead \beat esp BRIT (exhausted) total geschafft sein fam; (tired) todmüde sein fam

2. (defeated) geschlagen, besiegt

to have sb \beat CHESS jdn schachmatt gesetzt haben

III. vt

<beat, beaten or ( fam) beat>

1. (hit)

▪ to \beat sth gegen etw akk schlagen; (on top of sth) auf etw akk schlagen

to \beat a carpet einen Teppich [aus]klopfen

he \beat the door/table with his fist er schlug mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch

2. (strike)

▪ to \beat sth against sth mit etw dat gegen etw akk schlagen

to \beat one's fists against the door/ground/table mit den Fäusten gegen die Tür/auf den Boden/auf den Tisch schlagen

to \beat sb's head against the wall/floor jds Kopf gegen die Wand/den Boden schlagen

3. (hurt)

▪ to \beat sb [with sth] jdn [mit etw dat] schlagen

to \beat one's child/wife sein Kind/seine Frau [ver]prügeln [o schlagen]

to \beat sb to death jdn totschlagen [o zu Tode prügeln]

to \beat sb black and blue jdn grün und blau schlagen fam

to brutally [or savagely] \beat sb jdn brutal zusammenschlagen

4. (drum)

▪ to \beat sth auf etw akk trommeln

to \beat a drum trommeln

to \beat time den Takt schlagen

5. (mix)

to \beat cream/eggs Sahne [o SCHWEIZ Rahm] /Eier schlagen [o SCHWEIZ rühren]

\beat [the] butter [until light and fluffy] [die] Butter schaumig schlagen

\beat eggs and sugar [together] die Eier mit dem Zucker [o Eier und Zucker] schaumig schlagen

6. (force)

to \beat a confession out of sb ein Geständnis aus jdm herausprügeln

to \beat one's path through sth sich dat einen Weg durch etw akk bahnen

7. (defeat)

▪ to \beat sb/sth jdn/etw schlagen [o besiegen]; (score better) jdn/etw übertreffen

they were \beaten [by] three goals to one sie wurden mit 3 zu 0 geschlagen

to \beat a record einen Rekord brechen

to be hard to \beat schwer zu schlagen sein

▪ to \beat sb to sth jdm bei etw dat zuvorkommen

to \beat sb to the draw schneller ziehen als jd; ( fig) schlagfertiger als jd sein

8. ( fam)

▪ to \beat sb/sth (surpass, outdo) jdn/etw schlagen [o übertreffen]; (be better than) besser als jd/etw sein

you can't \beat our local Italian restaurant for a good pizza eine bessere Pizza als bei unserem Italiener findest du nirgends

you can't \beat a cool beer on a hot day es geht [doch] nichts über ein kühles Bier an einem heißen Tag

you simply can't \beat their prices ihre Preise sind schlichtweg nicht zu unterbieten

9. (avoid)

▪ to \beat sth etw umgehen

10. ( fam: baffle)

▪ to \beat sb jdm [o für jdn] zu hoch fam

it \beats me das ist mir zu hoch fam

it \beats me [or what \beats me is] how/why... es ist mir ein Rätsel, wie/warum...

11.

▶ to \beat one's breast [or chest] sich dat an die Brust schlagen fig

▶ if you can't \beat 'em, join 'em ( saying) verbünde dich mit ihnen, wenn du sie nicht besiegen kannst

▶ to \beat the [living] daylights [or (fam!) the shit] out of sb ( fam) jdn windelweich schlagen fam

▶ that \beats everything [or AM also all] ( fam) das schlägt dem Fass den Boden aus

▶ to \beat sb at their own game jdn mit seinen eigenen Waffen schlagen fig

▶ to \beat the hell out of sb ( fam) jdn fürchterlich verdreschen fam

▶ to \beat sb hollow BRIT ( fam) jdn vernichtend schlagen

▶ to \beat it ( fam) die Beine unter die Arme nehmen fam

\beat it! hau ab! fam

▶ to \beat the pants off sb ( fam) jdn vernichtend schlagen

▶ to \beat a path to sb's door jdm die Bude einrennen fam

▶ to \beat sb to the punch ( fam) jdm zuvorkommen

▶ to \beat the rap AM ( fam) sich akk herauswinden

▶ to \beat a [hasty] retreat [schnell] einen Rückzieher machen

IV. vi

<beat, beaten or ( fam) beat>

1. (throb,) schlagen; heart also klopfen, pochen; drum dröhnen

the doctor could feel no pulse \beating der Arzt konnte keinen Puls[schlag] feststellen

2. (strike)

▪ to \beat against/on sth gegen etw akk schlagen; (continously) gegen etw akk hämmern

3. ( fig) sun

▪ to \beat on sth auf etw [nieder]brennen; rain, hail

to \beat against the window/on the roof gegen das Fenster peitschen /auf das Dach prasseln; waves

to \beat against the rocks/ship gegen die Felsen/das Schiff schlagen [o peitschen

4. AM (hurt)

▪ to \beat on sb auf jdn einschlagen

5.

▶ to \beat about [or AM around] the bush um den heißen Brei herumreden fam

* * *
[biːt]
1. vb pret beat, ptp beaten

2. n

1) (of heart, pulse, drum = single beat) Schlag m; (= repeated beating) Schlagen nt

the beat of her heart grew weaker — ihr Herzschlag wurde schwächer

to the beat of the drum — zum Schlag der Trommeln

he answered without missing a beat — er antwortete ohne sich aus der Ruhe or Fassung bringen zu lassen

2) (of policeman, sentry) Runde f, Rundgang m; (= district) Revier nt

to be on or to patrol the beat — seine Runde machen

3) (MUS, POET) Takt m; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag m

to have a heavy beat — einen ausgeprägten Rhythmus haben

on/off the beat — auf dem betonten/unbetonten Taktteil

4) (= beat music) Beat(musik f) m

5) (HUNT) Treibjagd f

3. vt

1) (= hit) schlagen; person, animal also (ver)prügeln, hauen (inf); carpet klopfen; (= search) countryside, woods absuchen, abkämmen

the crocodile beat the ground with its tail — das Krokodil schlug mit dem Schwanz auf den Boden

to beat a/one's way through sth — einen/sich (dat) einen Weg durch etw bahnen

to beat a path to sb's door (fig) — jdm die Bude einrennen (inf)

to beat a/the drum — trommeln, die Trommel schlagen

to beat the air —

to beat one's breast (lit, fig) (ape) — sich (dat) an die Brust schlagen sich (dat) gegen die Brust trommeln

beat it! (fig inf) — hau ab! (inf), verschwinde!

2) (= hammer) metal hämmern; (= shape also) treiben

to beat sth flat — etw flach or platt hämmern

3) (= defeat) schlagen; record brechen; inflation in den Griff bekommen; disease erfolgreich bekämpfen

to beat sb at chess/tennis — jdn im Schach/Tennis schlagen

his shot/forehand beat me — ich war dem Schuss/Vorhandschlag nicht gewachsen

to beat sb into second place — jdn auf den zweiten Platz verweisen

you can't beat these prices — diese Preise sind nicht zu unterbieten

you can't beat central heating/real wool —

he beats the rest of them any day — er steckt sie alle (jederzeit) in die Tasche (inf)

if you can't beat them, join them (inf) — wenn dus nicht besser machen kannst, dann mach es genauso

coffee beats tea any day — Kaffee ist allemal besser als Tee

that beats everything — das ist doch wirklich der Gipfel or die Höhe (inf), das schlägt dem Fass den Boden aus (inf)

it beats me (how/why...) (inf) — es ist mir ein Rätsel(, wie/warum...) (inf)

well, can you beat it! (inf) — ist das denn zu fassen? (inf)

he managed to beat the charge (inf) — er wurde (von der Anklage) freigesprochen

4) (= be before) budget, crowds zuvorkommen (+dat)

to beat sb to the top of a hill — vor jdm oben auf dem Berg sein or ankommen

I'll beat you down to the beach — ich bin vor dir am Strand

to beat sb home — vor jdm zu Hause sein

to beat the deadline — vor Ablauf der Frist fertig sein

to beat sb to the draw — schneller ziehen als jd

to beat sb to it — jdm zuvorkommen

5) (= move up and down regularly) schlagen

the bird beats its wings — der Vogel schlägt mit den Flügeln

6) (MUS)

to beat time (to the music) — den Takt schlagen

7) (COOK) cream, eggs schlagen

4. vi

1) (heart, pulse, drum) schlagen

to beat on the door (with one's fists) —

with beating heart — mit pochendem or klopfendem Herzen

her heart was beating with excitement — ihr Herz schlug vor Aufregung schneller

See:

→ bush

2) (wind, waves) schlagen; (rain also) trommeln; (sun) brennen

3) (cream) sich schlagen lassen

5. adj

1) (inf

= exhausted) to be (dead) beat — total kaputt or geschafft or erledigt sein (inf)

2) (inf

= defeated) to be beat(en) — aufgeben müssen (inf),

I'm beat — ich gebe mich geschlagen

he doesn't know when he's beat(en) — er gibt nicht auf (inf)

we've got him beat — wir haben ihn schachmatt gesetzt

this problem's got me beat — mit dem Problem komme ich nicht klar (inf)

* * *

beat¹ [biːt]

A s

1. (besonders regelmäßig wiederholter) Schlag, z. B. Herz-, Puls-, Trommelschlag m, Pochen n, Klopfen n (des Herzens etc), Ticken n (der Uhr), (An)Schlagen n (der Wellen)

2. SPORT (Ruder)Schlag m, Schlagzahl f (pro Minute)

3. Fechten: Battuta f, Klingenschlagstoß m

4. MUS

a) Takt(schlag) m:

in beat im Takt;

out of beat, off (the) beat aus dem Takt

b) Schlag(zeit) m(f), Taktteil m

c) Jazz: Beat m (rhythmischer Schwerpunkt)

d) Beat(musik) m(f)

5. LIT Hebung f, Ton m

6. ELEK, PHYS, RADIO Schwebung f

7. US umg

a) I never heard the beat of that das schlägt oder übersteigt alles, was ich je gehört habe

b)c) (sensationelle) Allein- oder Erstmeldung (einer Zeitung)

8. → beatnik

9. Runde f, Revier n (eines Schutzmanns etc):

be on one’s beat seine oder die Runde machen;

be off ( oder out of) one’s beat fig nicht in seinem Element sein;

that is out of my beat das schlägt nicht in mein Fach

10. JAGD Treiben n

B adj

1. umg wie erschlagen, fix und fertig

2. MUS Beat…:

beat music

3. Beatnik…:

beat philosophy;

the Beat Generation die Beatgeneration (Gruppe junger Menschen in den USA, die nach dem 2. Weltkrieg die Gesellschaft mit allen bürgerlichen Bindungen ablehnte und durch gesteigerte Lebensintensität zur Erkenntnis einer metaphysischen Wirklichkeit zu gelangen suchte)

4. PHYS, RADIO Schwebungs…:

beat frequency

C v/t prät beat, pperf beaten, obs oder dial beat

1. schlagen, (ver)prügeln, verhauen:

beat to death erschlagen;

beat a confession out of sb ein Geständnis aus jemandem herausprügeln;

beat sth into sb(’s head) jemandem etwas einbläuen; → air¹ A 1, breast A 1, chest A 2

2. (regelmäßig oder häufig) schlagen, z. B.

a) einen Teppich etc klopfen, Kleider etc (aus)klopfen

b) Metall hämmern oder schmieden

c) Steine klopfen

d) Eier etc (zu Schaum oder Schnee) schlagen

3. den Takt, die Trommel schlagen:

beat the charge MIL das Signal zum Angriff geben;

beat the drum for sb (sth) fig für jemanden (etwas) die Trommel rühren; → retreat A 1

4. peitschen, schlagen gegen (Wind, Wellen, Regen etc):

beaten by storms sturmgepeitscht

5. schlagen mit den Flügeln etc:

the bird was beating its wings;

beat one’s hands (in die Hände) klatschen

6. einen Weg stampfen, treten, (sich) bahnen:

beat one’s way US umg per Anhalter reisen, trampen;

beat it! umg hau ab!

7. JAGD und weitS. ein Revier durchstöbern, -streifen, einen Rundgang machen um

8. a) einen Gegner schlagen, besiegen:

beat sb at swimming jemanden im Schwimmen schlagen;

beat sb into second place jemanden auf den zweiten Platz verweisen;

he had only the goalkeeper to beat SPORT er hatte nur noch den Torhüter vor sich;

I’ll not be beaten fig ich lasse mich nicht unterkriegen;

beat the band umg alles übertreffen; (als Redewendung) mit (aller) Macht, wie toll;

she was screaming to beat the band umg sie schrie aus Leibeskräften;

he was sleeping to beat the band umg er schlief wie ein Murmeltier;

if you can’t beat ’em, join ’em umg wenn man nicht gegen den Strom schwimmen kann, dann schwimmt man halt mit; → hollow B 1

b) jemandem, einer Sache zuvorkommen:

beat sb to it ( oder to the punch) umg jemandem zuvorkommen;

beat the deadline umg noch rechtzeitig fertig werden, die Frist einhalten; → gun¹ A 3

9. fig schlagen, übertreffen, -bieten:

beat a record einen Rekord brechen;

the time to beat die Zeit, die es zu schlagen gilt;

you can’t beat a good cup of tea es geht nichts über eine gute Tasse Tee;

that beats all ( oder everything)! das ist doch der Gipfel oder die Höhe!;

that beats everything I’ve ever heard das ist das Tollste, was ich je gehört habe;

can you beat it ( oder that)! umg das darf doch nicht wahr sein!

10. fig verblüffen:

that beats me das ist mir zu hoch, da komme ich nicht mehr mit;

it beats me how … ich verstehe einfach nicht, wie …

11. umg fertigmachen (erschöpfen):

the journey quite beat him

12. TYPO abklopfen:

beat a proof einen Bürstenabzug machen

D v/i

1. (heftig) schlagen, pochen, klopfen (Herz), ticken (Uhr):

beat at ( oder on) the door gegen die Tür hämmern oder schlagen

2. schlagen, peitschen ( against gegen):

the rain was beating against the house

3. schlagen, (er)tönen (Trommel etc)

4. SCHIFF lavieren, kreuzen:

beat against the wind, beat to windward (luvwärts) kreuzen, abfallen

5. JAGD eine Treibjagd veranstalten: → bush¹ A 1

beat² [biːt] s Br Flachs- oder Hanfbündel n

* * *
1. transitive verb,
beat, beaten

1) (strike repeatedly) schlagen [Trommel, Rhythmus, Eier, Teig]; klopfen [Teppich]; hämmern [Gold, Silber usw.]

beat one's breast — (lit. or fig.) sich (Dat.) an die Brust schlagen

2) (hit) schlagen; [ver]prügeln

3) (defeat) schlagen [Mannschaft, Gegner]; (surmount) in den Griff bekommen [Inflation, Arbeitslosigkeit, Krise]

beat the deadline — den Termin noch einhalten

4) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]; übertreffen [Leistung]

hard to beat — schwer zu schlagen

you can't beat or nothing beats French cuisine — es geht [doch] nichts über die französische Küche

beat that! — das soll mal einer nachmachen!

beat everything — (coll.) alles in den Schatten stellen

beat somebody to it — jemandem zuvorkommen

can you beat it? — ist denn das zu fassen?

5) (circumvent) umgehen

beat the system — sich gegen das bestehende System durchsetzen

6) (perplex)

it beats me how/why... — es ist mir ein Rätsel wie/warum...

7)

beat time — den Takt schlagen

8) p.p. beat

I'm beat — (coll.): (exhausted) ich bin erledigt (ugs.). See also beaten 2.
2. intransitive verb,
beat, beaten

1) (throb) [Herz:] schlagen, klopfen; [Puls:] schlagen

my heart seemed to stop beating — ich dachte, mir bleibt das Herz stehen

2) [Sonne:] brennen (on auf + Akk.); [Wind, Wellen:] schlagen (on auf + Akk., against gegen); [Regen, Hagel:] prasseln, trommeln ( against gegen)

3)

beat about the bush — um den [heißen] Brei herumreden (ugs.)

4) (knock) klopfen (at an + Dat.)

5) (Naut.) kreuzen
3. noun
1) (stroke, throbbing) Schlag, der; (rhythm) Takt, der

his heart missed a beat — ihm stockte das Herz

2) (Mus.) Schlag, der; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag, der

3) (of policeman, watchman) Runde, die; (area) Revier, das

be off somebody's [usual] beat — (fig.) nicht in jemandes Fach schlagen

Phrasal Verbs:

- beat back

- beat down

- beat in

- beat off

- beat out

- beat up

* * *

n.

Runde -n f.

Schlag -¨e m.

Takt -e m. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: beat, beaten)

= ausklopfen v.

besiegen v.

klopfen v.

schlagen v.

(§ p.,pp.: schlug, geschlagen)

English-german dictionary > beat
110 calamitoso

adj.

calamitous, disastrous, catastrophic, catastrophical.

* * *

calamitoso

► adjetivo

1 calamitous, disastrous

* * *

ADJ calamitous, disastrous

* * *

- sa adjetivo disastrous, calamitous

* * *

= calamitous.

Ex. Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

* * *

- sa adjetivo disastrous, calamitous

* * *

= calamitous.

Ex: Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

* * *

calamitoso -sa

adjective

disastrous, calamitous

* * *

calamitoso,-a adjetivo calamitous, disastrous
' calamitoso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
calamitosa

* * *

calamitoso, -a adj

calamitous

* * *

calamitoso

adj catastrophic

* * *

calamitoso, -sa adj

: calamitous, disastrous

Spanish-English dictionary > calamitoso
111 decaimiento

m.

1 gloominess (desaliento).

2 depression, discouragement, decay, dejection.

3 decrease, diminution.

4 abaissement, languidness, acratia, abatement.

* * *

decaimiento

► nombre masculino

1 (debilidad) weakness, weakening

2 (tristeza) sadness

* * *

SM

1) (=decadencia) decline, decay

2) (=empeoramiento) [de salud] weakening; [de ánimo] discouragement

3) (Com) falling-off

* * *

masculino ( abatimiento) despondency

tengo un gran decaimiento — I feel very despondent o low

* * *

= decline, slackening.

Ex. Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

Ex. Paper products in the field still outsell electronic versions, and no one foresees a slackening off of the book as the primary product.

* * *

masculino ( abatimiento) despondency

tengo un gran decaimiento — I feel very despondent o low

* * *

= decline, slackening.

Ex: Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

Ex: Paper products in the field still outsell electronic versions, and no one foresees a slackening off of the book as the primary product.

* * *

decaimiento

masculine

1

(abatimiento): tengo un decaimiento I feel run-down o low

2 (disminución) decline

un decaimiento del interés del público por estos artículos a decline o fall in public interest for these goods

* * *

decaimiento nm

1. [desaliento] gloominess

2. [falta de fuerzas] weakness

3. [decadencia] decline;

un decaimiento de la actividad en el sector turístico a decline in business in the tourist sector

* * *

decaimiento

m decline; de salud deterioration;

sufre un decaimiento she feels run down

Spanish-English dictionary > decaimiento
112 declive

m.

1 decline, fall (decadencia).

en declive in decline

2 slope (pendiente).

un terreno en declive an area of sloping ground

* * *

declive

► nombre masculino

1 (inclinación) slope, incline

2 figurado (decadencia) decline

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en declive figurado on the decline

* * *

noun m.

1) decline

2) slope

* * *

SM

1) [de terreno, superficie] incline, gradient

un terreno en declive — sloping ground

2) (=decadencia) decline

en declive: es una ciudad en declive — it's a city in decline

una ideología en declive — an ideology in decline o on the wane

el consumo de alcohol está o va en declive — alcohol consumption is declining o is on the decline

* * *

masculino

a) ( de una superficie) slope, incline (frml)

terreno en declive — sloping ground

b) ( decadencia) decline

una economía en declive — a declining economy, an economy in decline

* * *

= droop, decline.

Ex. This article describes a study undertaken in Brazil to investigate the phenomenon of the droop at the end of the graph demonstrating Bradford's law which corresponds to the journals of low productivity.

Ex. Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

----

* estar en declive = be in decline.

* * *

masculino

a) ( de una superficie) slope, incline (frml)

terreno en declive — sloping ground

b) ( decadencia) decline

una economía en declive — a declining economy, an economy in decline

* * *

= droop, decline.

Ex: This article describes a study undertaken in Brazil to investigate the phenomenon of the droop at the end of the graph demonstrating Bradford's law which corresponds to the journals of low productivity.

Ex: Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

* estar en declive = be in decline.

* * *

declive

masculine

1 (de una superficie) slope, incline ( frml)

terreno en declive sloping ground

tiene buen declive ( Chi fam); he can drink anybody under the table ( colloq)

2 (decadencia) decline

una economía en declive a declining economy, an economy in decline

una especie en declive a species in decline

* * *

declive sustantivo masculino
a) ( de una superficie) slope, incline (frml);

◊ terreno en declive sloping ground

b) ( decadencia) decline

declive sustantivo masculino
1 (pendiente) incline, slope
2 (decadencia) decline: su declive comenzó en los años cincuenta, she began to lose popularity in the fifties
' declive' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
decadencia
- vertiente
English:
decline
- sloping
- slope

* * *

declive nm

1. [decadencia] decline, fall;

un imperio en declive an empire in decline;

entrar en declive to go into decline

2. [pendiente] slope;

un terreno en declive an area of sloping ground

* * *

declive

m fig

decline;

en declive in decline;

ir en declive decline

* * *

declive nm

1) decadencia: decline

2) : slope, incline

Spanish-English dictionary > declive
113 deterioro

m.

1 damage (daño).

el deterioro de la situación the worsening of o deterioration in the situation

2 deterioration, damage, impairment, staleness.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: deteriorar.

* * *

deterioro

► nombre masculino

1 (daño) damage, deterioration; (desgaste) wear and tear

2 figurado (empeoramiento) deterioration, worsening

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ir en deterioro de to harm

* * *

noun m.

1) worsening, decline

2) deterioration, wear

* * *

SM

1) (=daño) damage

en caso de deterioro de las mercancías — should the goods be damaged in any way

sin deterioro de sus derechos — without affecting his rights, without impinging on his rights más frm

2) (=empeoramiento) deterioration

3) (Mec) wear and tear

* * *

masculino

a) (de edificio, muebles) deterioration, wear

b) ( empeoramiento) deterioration, worsening

su salud ha sufrido un deterioro — his health has deteriorated

el deterioro de la calidad de la enseñanza — the decline in the quality of education

* * *

= damage, decay, deterioration, impairment, embrittlement, slippage, degradation, degeneration, rot, decline, rack and ruin, worsening, dilapidation.

Ex. Wastage is sometimes defined as material which temporarily or permanently has evaded the usual lending procedures due to misplacement, damage, non-registration, theft or non-returns.

Ex. Nevertheless, deacidification alone will not stop the decay unless soluble copper compounds are removed from the object or converted to chemically inert compounds.

Ex. And thirdly and most importantly, I am concerned about some movements which I think symptomatize ideological deterioration and would have us, as someone put it, march boldly backwards into the future.

Ex. A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.

Ex. This article considers the need for a survey of modern printed book collections, in the context of the embrittlement of book papers.

Ex. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) also publishes FAO Books in Print on an intended annual cycle but the programme has been subject to slippage in recent years.

Ex. This article describes how the property of chemiluminescence -- the faint emission of light from organic materials undergoing oxidisation -- may be used to measure the rate of degradation of paper.

Ex. The article 'The degeneration of the work of man' examines the work of hunter/gathers, farmers, factory workers, and information handlers from the Ice Age to the Information Age.

Ex. The article 'Stop the rot!' reports on a half-day seminar on audiovisual conservation.

Ex. Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

Ex. The policies that the Mugabe government have taken have lead the country to economic and political rack and ruin.

Ex. We have also considered other possible mechanisms to explain the worsening of hypokalemia in this patient.

Ex. If Central Park is to be rescued from the general dilapidation it is much money and energy intelligently directed must be expended.

----

* acelerar el proceso de deterioro = hasten + rot.

* deterioro biológico = biodeterioration.

* deterioro cognitivo = cognitive impairment.

* deterioro del CDROM = CD rot.

* deterioro de los discos = disc rot.

* deterioro de los enlaces = link rot.

* deterioro de propiedad alquilada = dilapidation.

* en deterioro = deteriorating, crumbling, decaying, dilapidated, disintegrating.

* en estado de deterioro = decaying, dilapidated.

* * *

masculino

a) (de edificio, muebles) deterioration, wear

b) ( empeoramiento) deterioration, worsening

su salud ha sufrido un deterioro — his health has deteriorated

el deterioro de la calidad de la enseñanza — the decline in the quality of education

* * *

= damage, decay, deterioration, impairment, embrittlement, slippage, degradation, degeneration, rot, decline, rack and ruin, worsening, dilapidation.

Ex: Wastage is sometimes defined as material which temporarily or permanently has evaded the usual lending procedures due to misplacement, damage, non-registration, theft or non-returns.

Ex: Nevertheless, deacidification alone will not stop the decay unless soluble copper compounds are removed from the object or converted to chemically inert compounds.

Ex: And thirdly and most importantly, I am concerned about some movements which I think symptomatize ideological deterioration and would have us, as someone put it, march boldly backwards into the future.

Ex: A well-designed multimodal application can be used by people with a wide variety of impairments.

Ex: This article considers the need for a survey of modern printed book collections, in the context of the embrittlement of book papers.

Ex: The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) also publishes FAO Books in Print on an intended annual cycle but the programme has been subject to slippage in recent years.

Ex: This article describes how the property of chemiluminescence -- the faint emission of light from organic materials undergoing oxidisation -- may be used to measure the rate of degradation of paper.

Ex: The article 'The degeneration of the work of man' examines the work of hunter/gathers, farmers, factory workers, and information handlers from the Ice Age to the Information Age.

Ex: The article 'Stop the rot!' reports on a half-day seminar on audiovisual conservation.

Ex: Library automation was in its ascendancy at precisely the same time that the nation's economy was firmly embarked on its present calamitous decline.

Ex: The policies that the Mugabe government have taken have lead the country to economic and political rack and ruin.

Ex: We have also considered other possible mechanisms to explain the worsening of hypokalemia in this patient.

Ex: If Central Park is to be rescued from the general dilapidation it is much money and energy intelligently directed must be expended.

* acelerar el proceso de deterioro = hasten + rot.

* deterioro biológico = biodeterioration.

* deterioro cognitivo = cognitive impairment.

* deterioro del CDROM = CD rot.

* deterioro de los discos = disc rot.

* deterioro de los enlaces = link rot.

* deterioro de propiedad alquilada = dilapidation.

* en deterioro = deteriorating, crumbling, decaying, dilapidated, disintegrating.

* en estado de deterioro = decaying, dilapidated.

* * *

deterioro

masculine

1 (de un edificio, muebles) deterioration, wear

2 (empeoramiento) deterioration, worsening

el deterioro de las relaciones entre los dos países the deterioration in relations o the worsening of relations between the two countries

su salud ha sufrido un considerable deterioro his health has deteriorated considerably

el deterioro de la calidad de la enseñanza the decline in the quality of education

* * *

Del verbo deteriorar: ( conjugate deteriorar)

deterioro es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

deterioró es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
deteriorar
deterioro
deteriorar ( conjugate deteriorar) verbo transitivo ‹relaciones/salud/situación› to cause … to deteriorate
deteriorarse verbo pronominal [relaciones/salud/situación] to deteriorate, worsen;
[ mercancías] to get damaged
deterioro sustantivo masculino
a) (de edificio, muebles) deterioration, wear

b) ( empeoramiento) deterioration, worsening

deteriorar verbo transitivo to spoil, damage
deterioro sustantivo masculino
1 (de la salud, las relaciones, etc) deterioration: he notado un marcado deterioro en su estado de salud, I've noticed that her health has deteriorated considerably
2 (de un cuadro, edificio) damage: estos edificios han sufrido un deterioro notable, these buildings have deteriorated quite a bit
(de una máquina, zapatos, etc) wear: es normal que después de un uso intensivo los zapatos muestren señales de deterioro, it's normal for shoes to show wear and tear after constant use
' deterioro' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
causa
- daño
- decadencia
- frenar
English:
damage
- decline
- deterioration
- decay
- degeneration

* * *

deterioro nm

1. [daño] damage;

sufrir deterioro to be damaged;

la mercancía no sufrió deterioro alguno the goods were not damaged at all

2. [empeoramiento] deterioration;

las relaciones entre ambos países han experimentado un serio deterioro relations between the two countries have deteriorated considerably;

el deterioro de la situación the worsening of o deterioration in the situation;

el progresivo deterioro de los servicios públicos the progressive deterioration in public services;

el deterioro medioambiental the deterioration of the environment

* * *

deterioro

m deterioration

* * *

deterioro nm

1) : deterioration, wear

2) : worsening, decline

Spanish-English dictionary > deterioro
114 invalidar

v.

to invalidate.

* * *

invalidar

► verbo transitivo

1 to invalidate

* * *

VT [+ certificado, resultado] to invalidate, nullify; [+ decisión] to reverse; [+ leyes] to repeal

* * *

verbo transitivo < documento> to invalidate, nullify; <premisa/argumento> to invalidate

* * *

= negate, override, overturn, render + redundant, render + suspect, render + wrong, rule out, rule out, short-circuit [shortcircuit], stultify, eviscerate, deflate, invalidate, preempt [pre-empt], pull + the plug on, overrule, void, make + redundant.

Ex. Thus excessive delays in the availability of cataloguing records from the central agency will negate much of the value of a central service.

Ex. On the final screen in the sequence, the default values for today's closing time and tomorrow's opening time may be overridden.

Ex. However, any refinement involves greater human intervention, and this in turn can easily overturn the arguments in favour of subject indexes based upon titles.

Ex. We need to replace those aspects of traditional public library service which have been taken over by other media or rendered redundant by social change.

Ex. Poor standards of cataloguing in the past render many examples of retrospective music bibliography suspect.

Ex. Further, changes in the external world serve to render judgments, valid at the moment, wrong at best, and detrimental to the effectiveness of the catalog at worst.

Ex. If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.

Ex. If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.

Ex. There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.

Ex. Excessive standardisation also tends to stultify development and improvement of IT products.

Ex. Also, to become emotionally wedded to a particular view is to eviscerate one's effectiveness in achieving a workable solution.

Ex. These developments deflate some traditional assumptions about and privileges associated with scientific and technical knowledge.

Ex. However, in November 1976, with the eighth edition still hot from the press, the decision to revert wholly to indirect subdivision was implemented, thus invalidating a substantial part of the Introduction to the eighth edition.

Ex. This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.

Ex. However, the effects of media conglomeration on Times Mirror for bottom line results would pull the plug on the New York venture that was nearing its provisional term and beginning to show positive results.

Ex. President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.

Ex. However, in the case when the user's input fails, we would like to void the reserved funds.

Ex. In one breath you say it's not very valuable and technologies will soon be here to make it redundant and in the next breath boast of its capabilities - you just can't have it both ways!.

----

* invalidar las críticas = disarm + criticism.

* invalidar las quejas = disarm + complaints.

* invalidar un argumento = invalidate + argument.

* * *

verbo transitivo < documento> to invalidate, nullify; <premisa/argumento> to invalidate

* * *

= negate, override, overturn, render + redundant, render + suspect, render + wrong, rule out, rule out, short-circuit [shortcircuit], stultify, eviscerate, deflate, invalidate, preempt [pre-empt], pull + the plug on, overrule, void, make + redundant.

Ex: Thus excessive delays in the availability of cataloguing records from the central agency will negate much of the value of a central service.

Ex: On the final screen in the sequence, the default values for today's closing time and tomorrow's opening time may be overridden.

Ex: However, any refinement involves greater human intervention, and this in turn can easily overturn the arguments in favour of subject indexes based upon titles.

Ex: We need to replace those aspects of traditional public library service which have been taken over by other media or rendered redundant by social change.

Ex: Poor standards of cataloguing in the past render many examples of retrospective music bibliography suspect.

Ex: Further, changes in the external world serve to render judgments, valid at the moment, wrong at best, and detrimental to the effectiveness of the catalog at worst.

Ex: If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.

Ex: If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.

Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.

Ex: Excessive standardisation also tends to stultify development and improvement of IT products.

Ex: Also, to become emotionally wedded to a particular view is to eviscerate one's effectiveness in achieving a workable solution.

Ex: These developments deflate some traditional assumptions about and privileges associated with scientific and technical knowledge.

Ex: However, in November 1976, with the eighth edition still hot from the press, the decision to revert wholly to indirect subdivision was implemented, thus invalidating a substantial part of the Introduction to the eighth edition.

Ex: This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.

Ex: However, the effects of media conglomeration on Times Mirror for bottom line results would pull the plug on the New York venture that was nearing its provisional term and beginning to show positive results.

Ex: President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.

Ex: However, in the case when the user's input fails, we would like to void the reserved funds.

Ex: In one breath you say it's not very valuable and technologies will soon be here to make it redundant and in the next breath boast of its capabilities - you just can't have it both ways!.

* invalidar las críticas = disarm + criticism.

* invalidar las quejas = disarm + complaints.

* invalidar un argumento = invalidate + argument.

* * *

invalidar [A1 ]

vt

‹documento› to invalidate, nullify; ‹premisa/argumento› to invalidate

* * *

invalidar verbo transitivo to invalidate
' invalidar' also found in these entries:
English:
invalidate
- negate
- overrule
- over

* * *

invalidar vt
[sujeto: circunstancias] to invalidate; [sujeto: juez] to declare invalid;
les invalidaron dos goles they had two goals disallowed

* * *

invalidar

v/t invalidate

* * *

invalidar vt

: to nullify, to invalidate

Spanish-English dictionary > invalidar
115 last

I 1. adjective
letzt...

be last to arrive — als letzter/letzte ankommen

for the [very] last time — zum [aller]letzten Mal

who was last? — wer war letzter?

the last two — die letzten beiden

he came last — er war letzter

second last, last but one — vorletzt...

last but not least — last, not least; nicht zuletzt

last evening/night was windy — gestern abend/gestern od. heute nacht war es windig

last evening/week we were out — gestern abend/letzte Woche waren wir aus

that would be the last thing to do in this situation — das wäre das Letzte, was man in dieser Situation tun würde
2. adverb
1) [ganz] zuletzt; als letzter/letzte [sprechen, ankommen]

2) (on last previous occasion) das letzte Mal; zuletzt

when did you last see him or see him last? — wann hast du ihn zuletzt od. das letzte Mal gesehen?
3. noun
1) (mention, sight)

I shall never hear the last of it — das werde ich ständig zu hören bekommen

you haven't heard the last of this matter — das letzte Wort in dieser Sache ist noch nicht gesprochen

that was the last we ever saw of him — das war das letzte Mal, daß wir ihn gesehen haben

2) (person or thing) letzter...

these last — letztere

I'm always the last to be told — ich bin immer der letzte, der etwas erfährt

she was the last to know about it — sie erfuhr es als letzte

3) (day, moment[s])

to or till the last — bis zuletzt; see also academic.ru/8875/breathe">breathe 2. 1)

4)

at [long] last — endlich; schließlich [doch noch]
II intransitive verb
1) (continue) andauern; [Wetter, Ärger:] anhalten

last all night — die ganze Nacht dauern

last till — dauern bis

last from... to... — von... bis... dauern

built to last — dauerhaft gebaut

it can't/won't last — das geht nicht mehr lange so

it's too good to last — es ist zu schön, um von Dauer zu sein

2) (manage to continue) es aushalten

3) (suffice) reichen

while stocks last — solange Vorrat reicht

this knife will last [me] a lifetime — dies Messer hält mein ganzes Leben
III noun
(for shoemaker) Leisten, der

* * *
I 1. adjective
1) (coming at the end: We set out on the last day of November; He was last in the race; He caught the last bus home.) letzt

2) (most recent; next before the present: Our last house was much smaller than this; last year/month/week.) letzt

3) (coming or remaining after all the others: He was the last guest to leave.) letzt
2. adverb
(at the end of or after all the others: He took his turn last.) zuletzt

- lastly
- at long last
- at last
- hear
- see the last of
- the last person
- the last straw
- the last thing
- the last word
- on one's last legs
- to the last II verb
1) (to continue to exist: This situation lasted until she got married; I hope this fine weather lasts.) andauern

2) (to remain in good condition or supply: This carpet has lasted well; The bread won't last another two days - we'll need more; This coat will last me until I die.) sich halten

•

- lasting
- last out
* * *

last¹

[lɑ:st, AM læst]

n Leisten m

▶ the cobbler should stick to his \last ( prov) Schuster, bleib bei deinem Leisten prov

last²

[lɑ:st, AM læst]

I. adj inv

1. attr (after all the others)

▪ the \last... der/die/das letzte...

they caught the \last bus sie nahmen den letzten Bus

to arrive/come \last als Letzte(r) f(m) ankommen/kommen

to plan sth [down] to the \last detail etw bis ins kleinste Detail planen

to do sth \last thing etw als Letztes tun

I always switch on the washing machine \last thing [at night] ich mache als Letztes vor dem Schlafengehen immer noch die Waschmaschine an

the second/third \last door die vor-/drittletzte Tür

the \last one der/die/das Letzte

our house is the \last one on the left before the traffic lights unser Haus ist das Letzte links vor der Ampel

to be the \last one to do sth etw als Letzte(r) tun

she was the \last one to arrive sie kam als Letzte an

2. (lowest in order, rank) letzte(r, s)

the Mets will surely finish the season in \last place die Mets werden am Ende der Saison sicher Tabellenletzte sein

▪ to be [or come] \last Letzte(r) f(m) sein; (in a race, competition) Letzte(r) f(m) werden

to be fourth/third from \last Viert-/Drittletzte(r) f(m) sein

to be \last but one [or next to \last] [or second [to] \last] Vorletzte(r) f(m) sein

3. attr (final, remaining) letzte(r, s)

I'll give you one \last chance ich gebe dir eine letzte Chance

this is the \last time I do him a favour das ist das letzte Mal, dass ich ihm einen Gefallen tue

can I have the \last piece of chocolate? darf ich das letzte Stück Schokolade essen?

I'm down to my \last 50p ich habe nur noch 50 Pence

it's our \last hope das ist unsere letzte Hoffnung

these are the \last of our supplies das sind unsere letzten Vorräte

he calculated the costs down to the \last penny er hat die Kosten bis auf den letzten Penny berechnet

I'm almost finished — this is the \last but one box to empty ich bin fast fertig — das ist schon die vorletzte Kiste, die ich noch ausräumen muss

to the \last man MIL bis auf den letzten Mann

at the \last minute/moment in letzter Minute/im letzten Moment

till/to the \last minute [or [possible] moment] bis zur letzten Minute/zum letzten Moment

he always leaves important decisions to the \last possible moment er schiebt wichtige Entscheidungen immer bis zum letzten Moment hinaus

he waited till the \last minute to submit an offer er wartete mit seinem Angebot bis zur letzten Minute

as a [or BRIT also in the] \last resort im äußersten Notfall

police are supposed to use guns only as a \last resort die Polizei soll nur im äußersten Notfall von der Waffe Gebrauch machen

that's my \last word [on the subject] das ist mein letztes Wort [zu diesem Thema]

to have the \last word das letzte Wort haben

at long \last schließlich und endlich, zu guter Letzt

at long \last the government is starting to listen to our problems endlich wird die Regierung einmal auf unsere Probleme aufmerksam

4. attr (most recent, previous) letzte(r, s)

when was the \last time you had a cigarette? wann hast du zum letzten Mal eine Zigarette geraucht?

did you hear the storm \last night? hast du letzte Nacht den Sturm gehört?

did you see the news on TV \last night? hast du gestern Abend die Nachrichten im Fernsehen gesehen?

sb's \last album/book jds letztes Album/Buch

\last month/November letzten Monat/November

\last Sunday [or on Sunday \last] letzten Sonntag

your letter of Sunday \last ( form) Ihr Brief von letztem Sonntag

the results from \last Sunday:

\last Sunday's results die Ergebnisse vom letzten Sonntag

\last week/year letzte Woche/letztes Jahr

the week/year before \last vorletzte Woche/vorletztes Jahr

in the \last five years in den letzten fünf Jahren

5. attr (most unlikely)

▪ the \last sb/sth der/die/das Letzte

she was the \last person I expected to see sie hätte ich am allerwenigsten erwartet

the \last thing I wanted was to make you unhappy das Letzte, was ich wollte, war dich unglücklich zu machen

he's the \last person I want to see at the moment er ist der Letzte, den ich im Moment sehen möchte

the \last thing she needed is a husband eine Ehemann hatte ihr gerade noch gefehlt! iron

6.

▶ to have the \last laugh zuletzt lachen fig; (show everybody) es allen zeigen

I'll have the \last laugh [over you]! dir werd ich's schon noch zeigen! fam

▶ the \last laugh is on sb jd lacht zuletzt fig

▶ sth is on its \last legs ( fam) etw gibt bald den Geist auf [o macht es nicht mehr lange] fam

the foundry business was on its \last legs das Gießereigeschäft pfiff auf dem letzten Loch sl

▶ sb is on their \last legs ( fam: very tired) jd ist fix und fertig fam, jd pfeift auf dem letzten Loch sl; (near to death) jd macht es nicht mehr lange fam

▶ to be the \last straw das Fass [endgültig] zum Überlaufen bringen fig

▶ to be the \last word ( fam) zurzeit das Beste [o Nonplusultra] sein

digital audio is the \last word in sound reproduction digitales Audio ist zurzeit das Nonplusultra im Bereich der Klangwiedergabe

II. adv inv

1. (most recently) das letzte Mal, zuletzt

I \last saw him three weeks ago ich habe ihn zuletzt [o das letzte Mal] vor drei Wochen gesehen

when did you have a cigarette \last [or \last have a cigarette]? wann hast du das letzte Mal geraucht?

2. (after the others) als Letzte(r, s)

the horse came in \last das Pferd kam als Letztes ins Ziel

until \last bis zuletzt [o zum Schluss

3. (lastly) zuletzt, zum Schluss

\last, and most important... der letzte und wichtigste Punkt...

and \last, I'd like to thank you all for coming und zum Schluss möchte ich Ihnen allen dafür danken, dass Sie gekommen sind

\last but not [or by no means] least nicht zu vergessen, nicht zuletzt

\last but not least, I'd like to thank you for coming und ich möchte mich nicht zuletzt auch für ihr Kommen bedanken

III. n

<pl ->

1. (one after all the others)

▪ the \last der/die/das Letzte

she was the \last to arrive sie kam als Letzte

the \last but one esp BRIT, AUS [or AM the next to \last] der/die/das Vorletzte

to be the \last to do sth als Letzte(r) f(m) etw tun

why are they always the \last to arrive? warum kommen sie immer als Letzte?

why is he always the \last to be told? warum erfährt er immer alles als Letzter?

2. (only one left, final one)

▪ the \last der/die/das Letzte

she was the \last of the great educational reformers sie war die Letzte der großen Schulreformer

to breathe one's \last den letzten Atemzug tun

3. (remainder)

▪ the \last der letzte Rest

that was the \last of the real coffee das war der letzte Rest Bohnenkaffee

the \last of the ice cream/strawberries der letzte Rest Eis/Erdbeeren

4. (most recent, previous one)

▪ the \last der/die/das Letzte

the \last we heard of her was that... das Letzte, was wir von ihr hörten, war, dass...

the \last I heard she had lost her job das Letzte was ich von ihr weiß ist, dass sie ihren Job verloren hatte

the \last we heard from her,... als wir das letzte Mal von ihr hörten,...

the \last we saw of her,... als wir sie das letzte Mal sahen,...

that was the \last we saw of her das war das letzte Mal, das wir sie gesehen haben, seitdem haben wir sie nie wieder gesehen

5. usu sing SPORT (last position) letzter Platz

Lion Cavern came from \last in a slowly run race Lion Cavern holte in einem langsamen Rennen vom letzten Platz auf

6. BOXING

▪ the \last die letzte Runde

7. ( fam: end)

the dying embers sparked their \last die Funken verglühten

you haven't heard the \last of this! das letzte Wort ist hier noch nicht gesprochen!

we'll never hear the \last of it if they win wenn sie gewinnen, müssen wir uns das endlos anhören fam

to see the \last of sth ( fam) etw nie wieder sehen müssen

at \last endlich

I've finished my essay at \last! endlich habe ich meinen Essay fertig!

to the \last ( form: until the end) bis zuletzt; (utterly) durch und durch

to defend one's principles to the \last seine Prinzipien bis zuletzt verteidigen

she is patriotic to the \last sie ist durch und durch patriotisch

last³

[lɑ:st, AM læst]

I. vi

1. (go on for) [an]dauern

it was only a short trip, but very enjoyable while it \lasted die Reise war zwar nur kurz, aber insgesamt sehr angenehm

to \last [for] a month/week einen Monat/eine Woche dauern

the rain is expected to \last all weekend der Regen soll das gesamte Wochenende anhalten

2. (endure) halten; enthusiasm, intentions anhalten

this is too good to \last das ist zu gut, um wahr zu sein

it's the only battery we've got, so make it \last wir habe nur diese eine Batterie — verwende sie also sparsam

her previous secretary only \lasted a month ihre vorige Sekretärin blieb nur einen Monat

you won't \last long in this job if... du wirst diesen Job nicht lange behalten, wenn...

he wouldn't \last five minutes in the army! er würde keine fünf Minuten beim Militär überstehen!

built to \last für die Ewigkeit gebaut

II. vt

▪ to \last sb supplies etc [aus]reichen; car, machine halten

we've only got enough supplies to \last us a week unsere Vorräte werden nur eine Woche reichen

to \last five years fünf Jahre halten

to \last [sb] a lifetime ein Leben lang halten

if you look after your teeth they will \last you a lifetime wenn du deine Zähne gut pflegst, wirst du sie dein Leben lang behalten

* * *
I [lAːst]
1. adj

1) letzte(r, s)

he was last to arrive — er kam als Letzter an

the last person — der Letzte

the last but one, the second last (one) — der/die/das Vorletzte

the third last house — das drittletzte Haus

(the) last one there buys the drinks! — der Letzte or wer als Letzter ankommt, zahlt die Getränke

last Monday, on Monday last — letzten Montag

last year — letztes Jahr, im vorigen Jahr

during the last 20 years, these last 20 years — in den letzten 20 Jahren

last but not least — nicht zuletzt, last not least

2)

(= most unlikely, unsuitable etc) that's the last thing I worry about — das ist das Letzte, worüber ich mir Sorgen machen würde

that was the last thing I expected — damit hatte ich am wenigsten gerechnet

that's the last thing I wanted to happen —

he's the last person I want to see — er ist der Letzte, den ich sehen möchte

you're the last person to be entrusted with it — du bist der Letzte, dem man das anvertrauen kann

2. n

1) (= final one or part, one before) der/die/das Letzte

he was the last of the visitors to leave — er ging als Letzter der Besucher

I'm always the last to know — ich erfahre immer alles als Letzter

he withdrew the last of his money from the bank — er hob sein letztes Geld von der Bank ab

each one is better than the last — eins ist besser als das andere

this is the last of the cake — das ist der Rest des Kuchens

that's the last of the fighting — jetzt hat der Kampf ein Ende

that was the last we saw of him —

the last we heard of him was... — das Letzte, was wir von ihm hörten, war...

that was the last we heard of it/him — seitdem haben wir nichts mehr darüber/von ihm gehört

I hope this is the last we'll hear of it — ich hoffe, damit ist die Sache erledigt

the last I heard, they were getting married — das Letzte, was ich gehört habe, war, dass sie heiraten

I shall be glad to see the last of this/him — ich bin froh, wenn ich das hinter mir habe/wenn ich den los bin (inf) or wenn ich den nicht mehr sehe

we shall never hear the last of it —

to look one's last on sth my last (Comm) — den letzten Blick auf etw (acc) werfen mein letztes Schreiben

2)

at last — endlich

at long last — schließlich und endlich

so you're ready at long last! — du bist also endlich fertig geworden!

to the last — bis zum Schluss

3. adv

when did you last have a bath or have a bath last? — wann hast du das letzte Mal gebadet?

I last heard from him a month ago — vor einem Monat habe ich das letzte Mal von ihm gehört

he spoke last — er sprach als Letzter

the horse came in last — das Pferd ging als letztes durchs Ziel
II
1. vt

it will last me/a careful user a lifetime — das hält/bei vernünftiger Benutzung hält es ein Leben lang

the car has lasted me eight years — das Auto hat acht Jahre (lang) gehalten

these cigarettes will last me a week — diese Zigaretten reichen mir eine Woche

I didn't think he'd last the week — ich hätte nicht gedacht, dass er die Woche durchhält

2. vi
(= continue) dauern; (= remain intact cloth, flowers, marriage) halten
it can't last — es hält nicht an

it won't last — es wird nicht lange anhalten or so bleiben

it's too good to last — das ist zu schön, um wahr zu sein

he'll stay as long as the beer lasts — er bleibt, solange Bier da ist

will this material last? — ist dieses Material haltbar or dauerhaft?

none of his girlfriends lasts for long — bei ihm hält sich keine Freundin lange

he won't last long in this job — er wird in dieser Stelle nicht alt werden (inf)

the previous boss only lasted a week — der letzte Chef blieb nur eine Woche
III
n
Leisten m
cobbler, stick to your last! — Schuster, bleib bei deinem Leisten!

* * *

last¹ [lɑːst; US læst]

A adj (adv → lastly)

1. letzt(er, e, es):

the last two die beiden Letzten;

last but one vorletzt(er, e, es);

last but two drittletzt(er, e, es);

for the last time zum letzten Mal;

to the last man bis auf den letzten Mann;

the Last Day REL der Jüngste Tag;

Last Frontier US (Beiname für den Staat) Alaska n;

last letter Abschiedsbrief m;

last name bes US Familien-, Nach-, Zuname m;

last number recall ( oder redial) TEL Wahlwiederholung f;

last rites REL Sterbesakramente;

last thing als Letztes (besonders vor dem Schlafengehen);

be last SPORT etc an letzter Stelle liegen; → home A 4, honor B 2, judgment 6 b, etc

2. letzt(er, e, es), vorig(er, e, es):

last Monday, Monday last (am) letzten oder vorigen Montag;

last night

a) gestern Abend,

b) in der vergangenen Nacht, letzte Nacht;

last week in der letzten oder vorigen Woche, letzte oder vorige Woche

3. neuest(er, e, es), letzt(er, e, es):

the last news;

the last thing in jazz das Neueste im Jazz; → word Bes Redew

4. letzt(er, e, es) (allein übrig bleibend):

my last hope ( pound, etc)

5. letzt(er, e, es), endgültig, entscheidend: → word Bes Redew

6. äußerst(er, e, es):

the last degree der höchste Grad;

of the last importance von höchster Bedeutung;

my last price mein äußerster oder niedrigster Preis

7. letzt(er, e, es) (am wenigsten erwartet oder geeignet):

the last man I would choose der Letzte, den ich wählen würde;

he was the last person I expected to see mit ihm oder mit seiner Gegenwart hatte ich am wenigsten gerechnet;

the last thing I would do das Letzte, was ich tun würde;

this is the last thing to happen es ist sehr unwahrscheinlich, dass das geschieht

8. letzt(er, e, es), miserabelst(er, e, es), scheußlichst(er, e, es):

the last form of vice

B adv

1. zuletzt, als Letzt(er, e, es), an letzter Stelle:

he came last er kam als Letzter;

last but not least last, (but) not least; nicht zuletzt; nicht zu vergessen;

last of all zuallerletzt, ganz zuletzt

2. zuletzt, zum letzten Mal:

I last met her in Berlin

3. schließlich, zu guter Letzt

4. letzt…:

last-mentioned letztgenannt, -erwähnt

C s

1. (der, die, das) Letzte:

the last to arrive der Letzte, der ankam;

he was the last to come er kam als Letzter;

he would be the last to say such a thing er wäre der Letzte, der so etwas sagen würde

2. (der, die, das) Letzte oder Letztgenannte

3. umg kurz für last baby, last letter etc:

I wrote in my last ich schrieb in meinem letzten Brief;

this is our last das ist unser Jüngstes

4. umg

a) letzte Erwähnung

b) letztmaliger Anblick

c) letztes Mal: → Bes Redew

5. Ende n:

a) Schluss m

b) Tod m: → Bes RedewBesondere Redewendungen: at last

a) endlich,

b) schließlich, zuletzt;

at long last schließlich (doch noch), nach langem Warten;

to the last

a) bis zum Äußersten,

b) bis zum Ende oder Schluss,

c) bis zum Tod;

breathe one’s last seinen letzten Atemzug tun, sein Leben aushauchen;

hear the last of

a) zum letzten Male hören von,

b) nichts mehr hören von;

we’ve seen the last of him den sehen wir nie mehr wieder;

we’ll never see the last of that guy den Kerl werden wir nie mehr los

last² [lɑːst; US læst]

A v/i

1. (an-, fort)dauern:

too good to last zu schön, um lange zu währen

2. bestehen:

as long as the world lasts

3. auch last out durch-, aus-, standhalten, sich halten:

he won’t last much longer er wird es nicht mehr lange machen (auch Kranker);

he didn’t last long in that job er hat es in dieser Stelle nicht lange ausgehalten

4. (sich) halten:

the paint will last die Farbe wird halten;

the book will last das Buch wird sich (lange) halten;

last well haltbar sein

5. auch last out (aus)reichen, genügen:

while the money lasts solange das Geld reicht;

while stocks last solange der Vorrat reicht;

we must make our supplies last wir müssen mit unseren Vorräten auskommen

B v/t

1. jemandem reichen:

it will last us a week damit kommen wir eine Woche aus

2. meist last out

a) überdauern, -leben,

b) (es mindestens) ebenso lange aushalten wie

last³ [lɑːst; US læst] s Leisten m:

put shoes on the last Schuhe über den Leisten schlagen;

stick to one’s last fig bei seinem Leisten bleiben

last⁴ [lɑːst; US læst] s Last f (Gewicht oder Hohlmaß, verschieden nach Ware und Ort, meist etwa 4000 englische Pfund oder 30 hl)

* * *
I 1. adjective
letzt...

be last to arrive — als letzter/letzte ankommen

for the [very] last time — zum [aller]letzten Mal

who was last? — wer war letzter?

the last two — die letzten beiden

he came last — er war letzter

second last, last but one — vorletzt...

last but not least — last, not least; nicht zuletzt

last evening/night was windy — gestern abend/gestern od. heute nacht war es windig

last evening/week we were out — gestern abend/letzte Woche waren wir aus

that would be the last thing to do in this situation — das wäre das Letzte, was man in dieser Situation tun würde
2. adverb
1) [ganz] zuletzt; als letzter/letzte [sprechen, ankommen]

2) (on last previous occasion) das letzte Mal; zuletzt

when did you last see him or see him last? — wann hast du ihn zuletzt od. das letzte Mal gesehen?
3. noun
1) (mention, sight)

I shall never hear the last of it — das werde ich ständig zu hören bekommen

you haven't heard the last of this matter — das letzte Wort in dieser Sache ist noch nicht gesprochen

that was the last we ever saw of him — das war das letzte Mal, daß wir ihn gesehen haben

2) (person or thing) letzter...

these last — letztere

I'm always the last to be told — ich bin immer der letzte, der etwas erfährt

she was the last to know about it — sie erfuhr es als letzte

3) (day, moment[s])

to or till the last — bis zuletzt; see also breathe 2. 1)

4)

at [long] last — endlich; schließlich [doch noch]
II intransitive verb
1) (continue) andauern; [Wetter, Ärger:] anhalten

last all night — die ganze Nacht dauern

last till — dauern bis

last from... to... — von... bis... dauern

built to last — dauerhaft gebaut

it can't/won't last — das geht nicht mehr lange so

it's too good to last — es ist zu schön, um von Dauer zu sein

2) (manage to continue) es aushalten

3) (suffice) reichen

while stocks last — solange Vorrat reicht

this knife will last [me] a lifetime — dies Messer hält mein ganzes Leben
III noun
(for shoemaker) Leisten, der

* * *

adj.

letzt adj.

letzter adj.

letztes adj.

vorig adj.

zuletzt adj. (weather) v.

andauern (Wetter) v. v.

andauern v.

dauern v.

English-german dictionary > last
116 last

last

1. last [lɑ:st, Am læst] n

Leisten m

PHRASES:

the cobbler should stick to his \last (to his \last) Schuster, bleib bei deinem Leisten ( prov)

2. last [lɑ:st, Am læst] adj

inv

1) (lowest in order, rank) letzte(r, s);

the Mets will surely finish the season in \last place die Mets werden am Ende der Saison sicher Tabellenletzte sein;

to be [or come] \last ( in series) als Letzte(r) f(m) kommen;

(in race, competition) Letzte(r) f(m) werden;

to be \last but one [or next to \last] [or second [to] \last] Vorletzte(r) f(m) sein;

to be \last but three/ four [or third/fourth from \last] Dritte(r) f(m) /Vierte(r) f(m) von hinten sein

2) attr ( after all others)

the \last... der/die/das letzte...;

our house is the \last one on the left before the traffic lights unser Haus ist das Letzte links vor der Ampel;

do you mind if I have the \last chocolate? macht es dir was aus, wenn ich die letzte Schokolade esse?;

they caught the \last bus sie nahmen den letzten Bus;

to the \last man bis auf den letzten Mann;

\last thing at night am Abend vor dem Schlafengehen;

down to the \last sth bis auf der/die/das letzte;

he has calculated the costs down to the \last penny er hat die Kosten bis auf den letzten Penny berechnet;

[down] to the \last detail bis ins kleinste Detail;

it was all planned down to the [very] \last detail es war bis ins kleinste Detail geplant;

to be the \last one to do sth etw als Letzte(r) tun;

she was the \last one to arrive sie kam als Letzte an

3) attr ( final) letzte(r, s);

I'll give you one \last chance ich gebe dir eine letzte Chance;

this is the \last time I do him a favour das ist das letzte Mal, dass ich ihm einen Gefallen tue;

that's my \last word on the subject das ist mein letztes Wort zu diesem Thema;

as a [or (Brit a.) in the] \last resort im äußersten Notfall;

British police are supposed to use guns only as a \last resort die britische Polizei soll die Waffen nur im äußersten Notfall einsetzen;

to have the \last word das letzte Wort haben

4) attr ( most recent) letzte(r, s), vorigere(r, s);

when was the \last time you had a cigarette? wann hast du zum letzten Mal eine Zigarette geraucht?;

they haven't yet replied to my \last letter sie haben auf meinen letzten Brief noch nicht geantwortet;

these \last five years have been very difficult for him diese letzten fünf Jahre waren sehr hart für ihn;

where were you \last Sunday? wo warst du letzten Sonntag?;

their \last album ihr letztes Album;

\last month/ week/ year letzten Monat/letzte Woche/letztes Jahr;

they got married \last November sie heirateten letzten November;

( previous night)

did you hear the storm \last night? hast du letzte Nacht den Sturm gehört?;

( yesterday evening)

did you see the news on TV \last night? hast du gestern Abend die Nachrichten im Fernsehen gesehen?;

the week/year before \last vorletzte Woche/vorletztes Jahr ( form);

your letter of Sunday \last Ihr Brief von letztem Sonntag

5) attr ( only remaining) letzte(r, s);

I'm down to my \last 50p ich habe nur noch 50 Pence;

it's our \last hope das ist unsere letzte Hoffnung

6) attr ( most unlikely)

the \last sb/ sth der/die/das Letzte;

she was the \last person I expected to see sie habe ich am allerwenigsten erwartet, mit ihr hätte ich am wenigsten gerechnet;

the \last thing I wanted was to make you unhappy das Letzte, was ich wollte, war, dich unglücklich zu machen;

he's the \last person I want to see at the moment er ist der Letzte, den ich im Moment sehen möchte;

the \last thing sb needs das Letzte, was jd braucht, jdm gerade noch fehlen;

the \last thing she needed was a husband was ihr gerade noch fehlte war ein Ehemann

PHRASES:

to have the \last laugh am längeren Ast sitzen;

the \last laugh is on sb jd hat den längeren Atem ( fam)

sth is on its \last legs ( fam) etw gibt bald den Geist auf ( fam), etw fällt bald auseinander;

the foundry business was on its \last legs das Gießereigeschäft pfiff aus dem letzten Loch (sl)

sb is on their \last legs (fam: very tired) jd ist fix und fertig ( fam), jd pfeift auf [o aus] dem letzten Loch (sl)

we'd been out walking all day and I was on my \last legs when we reached the hotel wir wanderten den ganzen Tag, und ich war fix und fertig, als wir das Hotel erreichten;

( near to death) jd macht es nicht mehr lange ( fam)

it looks as though her grandfather's on his \last legs es sieht so aus, als ob ihr Großvater es nicht mehr lange machen würde ( fam)

to do sth at the \last minute [or moment] etw in letzter Minute [o ( fam) auf den letzten Drücker] tun;

at the \last moment he changed his mind im letzten Moment änderte er seine Meinung;

to leave sth till the \last minute [or [possible] moment] etw bis zur letzten Minute liegen lassen, mit etw dat bis zur letzten Minute warten;

he always leaves important decisions to the \last possible moment er schiebt wichtige Entscheidungen immer bis zum letzten Moment hinaus;

to wait till the \last minute [to do sth] [mit etw dat] bis zur letzten Minute warten;

to be the \last straw zu viel sein, das Fass zum Überlaufen bringen;

his affair was the \last straw seine Affäre brachte das Fass zum Überlaufen;

it's the \last straw that breaks the camel's back der Tropfen, der das Fass zum Überlaufen bringt;

to be the \last word in sth der letzte Schrei in etw dat sein;

digital audio is the \last word in sound reproduction digitales Radio ist der letzte Schrei in der Klangwiedergabe adv

inv

1) ( most recently) zuletzt;

I \last saw him three weeks ago das letzte Mal sah ich ihn vor drei Wochen;

when did you have a cigarette \last [or \last have a cigarette] ? wann hast du das letzte Mal geraucht?

2) ( after the others) als Letzte(r, s);

the horse came in \last das Pferd kam als Letzter ins Ziel;

to keep [or save] sth until \last etw bis zum Schluss aufheben;

to leave sth/sb until \last etw/jdn für den Schluss aufheben;

to wait until \last bis zum Schluss warten

3) ( lastly) zuletzt, zum Schluss;

\last, and most important... der letzte und wichtigste Punkt...;

and \last, I'd like to thank you all for coming und zum Schluss möchte ich Ihnen allen dafür danken, dass Sie gekommen sind;

\last but not [or by no means] least nicht zu vergessen, nicht zuletzt

PHRASES:

at [long] \last zu guter Letzt, endlich;

I've finished my essay at \last ich habe endlich meinen Essay fertig n <pl ->

1) (last person, thing)

the \last der/die/das Letzte;

she was the \last of the great educational reformers sie war die Letzte der großen Schulreformer;

the \last but one (esp Brit, Aus) [or (Am) the next to \last] der/die/das Vorletzte;

I'm almost finished - this is the \last but one box to empty ich bin fast fertig - das ist die vorletzte Kiste, die ich ausräumen muss;

to be the \last to do sth als Letzte(r) f(m) etw tun;

why are you always the \last to arrive? warum kommst du immer als Letzter?;

why am I always the \last to be told? warum erfahre ich immer alles als Letzte/Letzter?

2) ( previous one)

the \last der/die/das Vorige;

each new painting she does is better than the \last jedes neue Bild, das sie malt, ist besser als das vorherige;

the \last we heard of her,... als wir das letzte Mal von ihr hörten,...;

the \last we saw of her,... als wir sie das letzte Mal sahen,....

3) ( remainder)

the \last der letzte Rest;

that was the \last of the real coffee das war der letzte Rest Bohnenkaffee;

the \last of the ice cream/ strawberries der letzte Rest Eis/Erdbeeren

4) usu sing sports ( last position) letzter Platz;

Lion Cavern came from \last in a slowly run race Lion Cavern kam in einem langsamen Rennen von der letzten Stelle

5) boxing

the \last die letzte Runde

6) (fam: end)

the dying embers sparked their \last die Funken verglühten;

you haven't heard the \last of this! das letzte Wort ist hier noch nicht gesprochen!;

we'll never hear the \last of it if they win wenn sie gewinnen, müssen wir uns das endlos anhören;

to see the \last of sth ( fam) etw nie wiedersehen;

to the \last (form: until the end) bis zum [bitteren] Ende ( fam), bis zuletzt;

I think my policy is right, and I'll defend it to the \last ich glaube, meine Vorgangsweise ist richtig, und ich werde sie bis zuletzt verteidigen;

she is patriotic to the \last sie ist eingefleischte Patriotin;

to breathe one's \last den letzten Atemzug tun

3. last [lɑ:st, Am læst] vi

1) ( go on for) [an]dauern;

it was only a short trip, but very enjoyable while it \lasted die Reise war zwar nur kurz, aber insgesamt sehr angenehm;

to \last [for] a month/ week einen Monat/eine Woche dauern;

the rain is expected to \last all weekend der Regen soll das gesamte Wochenende anhalten

2) ( endure) halten; enthusiasm, intentions anhalten;

this is too good to \last das ist zu gut, um wahr zu sein;

it's the only battery we've got, so make it \last wir habe nur diese eine Batterie - verwende sie also sparsam;

her previous secretary only \lasted a month ihre vorige Sekretärin blieb nur einen Monat;

you won't \last long in this job if... du wirst diesen Job nicht lange behalten, wenn...;

he wouldn't \last five minutes in the army! er würde keine fünf Minuten beim Militär überstehen!;

built to \last für die Ewigkeit gebaut vt

to \last sb supplies etc [aus]reichen; car, machine halten;

we've only got enough supplies to \last us a week unsere Vorräte werden nur eine Woche reichen;

to \last five years fünf Jahre halten;

to \last [sb] a lifetime ein Leben lang halten;

if you look after your teeth they will \last you a lifetime wenn du deine Zähne gut pflegst, wirst du sie dein Leben lang behalten

English-German students dictionary > last
117 worst

worst [wɜ:st]

le pire ⇒ 1 (a), 3 (a), 3 (b) le plus mauvais ⇒ 1 (a) le plus grave ⇒ 1 (b) le plus mal ⇒ 2

1 adjective (superl of bad)

(a) (least good, pleasant etc) le pire, le plus mauvais;

∎ it's the worst book I've ever read c'est le plus mauvais livre que j'aie jamais lu;

∎ this is the worst thing that could have happened c'est la pire chose qui pouvait arriver;

∎ the worst thing about it was the heat le pire, c'était la chaleur;

∎ it has happened at the worst possible time c'est arrivé au plus mauvais moment;

∎ and, worst of all, I lost my keys et le pire de tout, c'est que j'ai perdu mes clés;

∎ we came off worst (in deal) c'est nous qui étions perdants; (in fight) c'est nous qui avons reçu le plus de coups;

∎ I felt worst of all just after the operation c'est juste après l'opération que je me suis senti le plus mal

(b) (most severe, serious → disaster, error) le plus grave; (→ winter) le plus rude;

∎ the fighting was worst near the border les combats les plus violents se sont déroulés près de la frontière

2 adverb

(superl of badly) out of all of us I played worst j'ai joué le plus mal de nous tous;

∎ that frightened me worst of all c'est ce qui m'a fait le plus peur;

∎ they are the worst paid ce sont les plus mal payés;

∎ the worst affected le plus affecté, le plus touché

3 noun

(a) (thing)

∎ the worst le pire;

∎ the worst that can happen le pire qui puisse arriver;

∎ the worst of it is she knew all along le pire, c'est qu'elle le savait depuis le début;

∎ that's the worst of cheap shoes c'est l'inconvénient des chaussures bon marché;

∎ money brings out the worst in people l'argent réveille les pires instincts (chez les gens);

∎ to expect/to be prepared for the worst s'attendre/être préparé au pire;

∎ I fear the worst je crains le pire;

∎ the worst is still to come le pire est encore à venir;

∎ the worst was yet to come le pire restait à venir;

∎ the worst is over le plus mauvais moment est passé;

∎ if the worst comes to the worst, if it comes to the worst au pire, dans le pire des cas;

∎ he got the worst of it c'est lui qui s'en est le moins bien sorti;

∎ and that's not the worst of it! et ce n'est pas le pire!, et il y a pire encore!;

∎ humorous do your worst! allez-y, je suis prêt;

∎ the fever was at its worst last night la fièvre était à son paroxysme hier soir;

∎ when the storm was at its worst au plus fort de l'orage;

∎ when the situation was at its worst alors que la situation était désespérée;

∎ things or matters were at their worst les affaires étaient au plus mal, les choses ne pouvaient pas aller plus mal;

∎ I'm at my worst in the morning le matin est mon plus mauvais moment de la journée;

∎ even at her worst she is still a brilliant player même quand elle joue mal, elle reste une joueuse fantastique

(b) (person)

∎ the worst le (la) pire de tous;

∎ to be the worst in the class être le (la) dernier(ère) de la classe;

∎ when it comes to dancing, he's the world's worst pour ce qui est de danser, il n'y a pas pire que lui

4 transitive verb

literary (opponent, rival) battre, avoir le dessus sur

5 at (the) worst conjunction

au pire, dans le pire des cas

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > worst
118 Arnold, John

SUBJECT AREA: Horology

[br]

b. 1735/6 Bodmin (?), Cornwall, England

d. 25 August 1799 Eltham, London, England

[br]

English clock, watch, and chronometer maker who invented the isochronous helical balance spring and an improved form of detached detent escapement.

[br]

John Arnold was apprenticed to his father, a watchmaker, and then worked as an itinerant journeyman in the Low Countries and, later, in England. He settled in London in 1762 and rapidly established his reputation at Court by presenting George III with a miniature repeating watch mounted in a ring. He later abandoned the security of the Court for a more precarious living developing his chronometers, with some financial assistance from the Board of Longitude. Symbolically, in 1771 he moved from the vicinity of the Court at St James's to John Adam Street, which was close to the premises of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures \& Commerce.

By the time Arnold became interested in chronometry, Harrison had already demonstrated that longitude could be determined by means of a timekeeper, and the need was for a simpler instrument that could be sold at an affordable price for universal use at sea. Le Roy had shown that it was possible to dispense with a remontoire by using a detached escapement with an isochronous balance; Arnold was obviously thinking along the same lines, although he may not have been aware of Le Roy's work. By 1772 Arnold had developed his detached escapement, a pivoted detent which was quite different from that used on the European continent, and three years later he took out a patent for a compensation balance and a helical balance spring (Arnold used the spring in torsion and not in tension as Harrison had done). His compensation balance was similar in principle to that described by Le Roy and used riveted bimetallic strips to alter the radius of gyration of the balance by moving small weights radially. Although the helical balance spring was not completely isochronous it was a great improvement on the spiral spring, and in a later patent (1782) he showed how it could be made more truly isochronous by shaping the ends. In this form it was used universally in marine chronometers.

Although Arnold's chronometers performed well, their long-term stability was less satisfactory because of the deterioration of the oil on the pivot of the detent. In his patent of 1782 he eliminated this defect by replacing the pivot with a spring, producing the spring detent escapement. This was also done independendy at about the same time by Berthoud and Earnshaw, although Earnshaw claimed vehemently that Arnold had plagiarized his work. Ironically it was Earnshaw's design that was finally adopted, although he had merely replaced Arnold's pivoted detent with a spring, while Arnold had completely redesigned the escapement. Earnshaw also improved the compensation balance by fusing the steel to the brass to form the bimetallic element, and it was in this form that it began to be used universally for chronometers and high-grade watches.

As a result of the efforts of Arnold and Earnshaw, the marine chronometer emerged in what was essentially its final form by the end of the eighteenth century. The standardization of the design in England enabled it to be produced economically; whereas Larcum Kendall was paid £500 to copy Harrison's fourth timekeeper, Arnold was able to sell his chronometers for less than one-fifth of that amount. This combination of price and quality led to Britain's domination of the chronometer market during the nineteenth century.

[br]

Bibliography

30 December 1775, "Timekeepers", British patent no. 1,113.

2 May 1782, "A new escapement, and also a balance to compensate the effects arising from heat and cold in pocket chronometers, and for incurving the ends of the helical spring…", British patent no. 1,382.

Further Reading

R.T.Gould, 1923, The Marine Chronometer: Its History and Development, London; reprinted 1960, Holland Press (provides an overview).

V.Mercer, 1972, John Arnold \& Son Chronometer Makers 1726–1843, London.

See also: Phillips, Edouard

DV

Biographical history of technology > Arnold, John
119 herrschen

v/i

1. rule ( über + Akk over); Monarch: reign (over); (regieren) govern ( über einen Staat etc. a state etc.)

2. fig. Geld, Gewalt etc.: rule s.th. oder s.o., be in control (of); herrschen über (+ Akk) auch control

3. (vorhanden sein) be; (vorherrschen) prevail; Krankheit: be raging, be rife; Stille, Schweigen: reign; (in Mode sein) be the fashion; es herrscht... oft there is...; bei uns herrscht... we have..., we’re having..., we’ve got...; es herrschte große Hitze / dichter Nebel it was very hot / there was thick fog; daran herrscht kein Mangel there is no lack ( oder shortage) of that; es herrschte eine gute Stimmung everyone was in good spirits, the general mood was positive; in den Regalen herrschte Ordnung everything on the shelves was in its proper place; in unserem Betrieb herrscht Ordnung our company is run along orderly lines; in vielen Betrieben herrscht die Angst vor Entlassungen the fear of redundancy (Am. layoffs Pl.) is to be found in many companies

* * *

to dominate; to rule; to govern; to prevail; to reign

* * *
hẹrr|schen ['hɛrʃn]
1. vi

1) (= Macht, Gewalt haben) to rule; (König) to reign; (fig) (Mensch) to dominate; (Geld) to hold sway; (Tod, Terror) to rule, to hold sway

2) (= vorherrschen) (Angst, Ungewissheit, Zweifel) to prevail; (Verkehr, Ruhe, Betriebsamkeit) to be prevalent; (Nebel, Regen, Kälte) to be predominant; (Krankheit, Not) to be rampant, to rage; (Meinung, Ansicht) to predominate

überall herrschte Freude/Terror — there was joy/terror everywhere

im Zimmer herrschte bedrückende Stille — it was oppressively quiet in the room

hier herrscht Ordnung — things are orderly (a)round here

hier herrscht ein anderer Ton — the atmosphere is different here

hier herrschen ja Zustände! — things are in a pretty state around here!

3) (= in herrischem Ton reden) to snap, to bark

2. vi impers

es herrscht schlechtes Wetter — the weather is bad, we're having bad weather

es herrschte Schweigen — silence reigned

es herrscht Ungewissheit darüber, ob... — there is uncertainty about whether...

* * *

(to be present or exist: Silence reigned at last.) reign

* * *

herr·schen

[ˈhɛrʃn̩]

I. vi

1. (regieren)

▪ [über jdn/etw] \herrschen to rule [or govern] [[over] sb/sth]

diese Partei herrscht seit 1918 this party has been in power since 1918

2. (walten, in Kraft sein) to hold sway

3. (vorhanden sein) to prevail, to be prevalent; Ruhe, Stille to reign; Hunger, Krankheit, Not to be rampant [or rife], to be raging

hoffentlich herrscht hier bald wieder Ruhe! hopefully we'll soon be having a bit of quiet here!

seit Tagen herrscht in Mitteleuropa eine drückende Hitze there has been an oppressive heatwave in central Europe for [some] days [now]

was herrscht hier wieder für eine schreckliche Unordnung! what a terrible mess this place is in again!

II. vi impers

es herrscht Zweifel, ob... there is doubt whether...

es herrscht Stille silence reigns

es herrscht Unklarheit, wann/warum/wer/wie/ob... there is [some] doubt as to when/why/who/how/whether...

es herrscht Uneinigkeit, wann/warum/wer/wie/ob... we/they can't agree as to when/why/who/how/whether...

* * *

intransitives Verb

1) (regieren) rule; < monarch> reign, rule

2) (vorhanden sein)

draußen herrschen 30° Kälte — it's 30° below outside

überall herrschte große Freude/Trauer — there was great joy/sorrow everywhere

jetzt herrscht hier wieder Ordnung — order has been restored here

3) (unpers.) prevail

es herrscht jetzt Einigkeit — there is now agreement

* * *

herrschen v/i

1. rule (

über +akk over); Monarch: reign (over); (regieren) govern (

über einen Staat etc a state etc)

2. fig Geld, Gewalt etc: rule sth oder sb, be in control (of);

herrschen über (+akk) auch control

3. (vorhanden sein) be; (vorherrschen) prevail; Krankheit: be raging, be rife; Stille, Schweigen: reign; (in Mode sein) be the fashion;

es herrscht … oft there is …;

bei uns herrscht … we have …, we’re having …, we’ve got …;

es herrschte große Hitze/dichter Nebel it was very hot/there was thick fog;

daran herrscht kein Mangel there is no lack ( oder shortage) of that;

es herrschte eine gute Stimmung everyone was in good spirits, the general mood was positive;

in den Regalen herrschte Ordnung everything on the shelves was in its proper place;

in unserem Betrieb herrscht Ordnung our company is run along orderly lines;

in vielen Betrieben herrscht die Angst vor Entlassungen the fear of redundancy (US layoffs pl) is to be found in many companies

* * *

intransitives Verb

1) (regieren) rule; < monarch> reign, rule

2) (vorhanden sein)

draußen herrschen 30° Kälte — it's 30° below outside

überall herrschte große Freude/Trauer — there was great joy/sorrow everywhere

jetzt herrscht hier wieder Ordnung — order has been restored here

3) (unpers.) prevail

es herrscht jetzt Einigkeit — there is now agreement

* * *

v.

to dominate v.

to govern v.

to rule v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > herrschen
120 Wren, Sir Christopher

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

[br]

b. 20 October 1632 East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England

d. 25 February 1723 London, England

[br]

English architect whose background in scientific research and achievement enhanced his handling of many near-intractable architectural problems.

[br]

Born into a High Church and Royalist family, the young Wren early showed outstanding intellectual ability and at Oxford in 1654 was described as "that miracle of a youth". Educated at Westminster School, he went up to Oxford, where he graduated at the age of 19 and obtained his master's degree two years later. From this time onwards his interests were in science, primarily astronomy but also physics, engineering and meteorology. While still at college he developed theories about and experimentally solved some fifty varied problems. At the age of 25 Wren was appointed to the Chair of Astronomy at Gresham College in London, but he soon returned to Oxford as Savilian Professor of Astronomy there. At the same time he became one of the founder members of the Society of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, which was awarded its Royal Charter soon after the Restoration of 1660; Wren, together with such men as Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, John Evelyn and Robert Boyle, then found himself a member of the Royal Society.

Wren's architectural career began with the classical chapel that he built, at the request of his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, for Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663). From this time onwards, until he died at the age of 91, he was fully occupied with a wide and taxing variety of architectural problems which he faced in the execution of all the great building schemes of the day. His scientific background and inventive mind stood him in good stead in solving such difficulties with an often unusual approach and concept. Nowhere was this more apparent than in his rebuilding of fifty-one churches in the City of London after the Great Fire, in the construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral and in the grand layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich.

The first instance of Wren's approach to constructional problems was in his building of the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (1664–9). He based his design upon that of the Roman Theatre of Marcellus (13–11 BC), which he had studied from drawings in Serlio's book of architecture. Wren's reputation as an architect was greatly enhanced by his solution to the roofing problem here. The original theatre in Rome, like all Roman-theatres, was a circular building open to the sky; this would be unsuitable in the climate of Oxford and Wren wished to cover the English counterpart without using supporting columns, which would have obscured the view of the stage. He solved this difficulty mathematically, with the aid of his colleague Dr Wallis, the Professor of Geometry, by means of a timber-trussed roof supporting a painted ceiling which represented the open sky.

The City of London's churches were rebuilt over a period of nearly fifty years; the first to be completed and reopened was St Mary-at-Hill in 1676, and the last St Michael Cornhill in 1722, when Wren was 89. They had to be rebuilt upon the original medieval sites and they illustrate, perhaps more clearly than any other examples of Wren's work, the fertility of his imagination and his ability to solve the most intractable problems of site, limitation of space and variation in style and material. None of the churches is like any other. Of the varied sites, few are level or possess right-angled corners or parallel sides of equal length, and nearly all were hedged in by other, often larger, buildings. Nowhere is his versatility and inventiveness shown more clearly than in his designs for the steeples. There was no English precedent for a classical steeple, though he did draw upon the Dutch examples of the 1630s, because the London examples had been medieval, therefore Roman Catholic and Gothic, churches. Many of Wren's steeples are, therefore, Gothic steeples in classical dress, but many were of the greatest originality and delicate beauty: for example, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside; the "wedding cake" St Bride in Fleet Street; and the temple diminuendo concept of Christ Church in Newgate Street.

In St Paul's Cathedral Wren showed his ingenuity in adapting the incongruous Royal Warrant Design of 1675. Among his gradual and successful amendments were the intriguing upper lighting of his two-storey choir and the supporting of the lantern by a brick cone inserted between the inner and outer dome shells. The layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich illustrates Wren's qualities as an overall large-scale planner and designer. His terms of reference insisted upon the incorporation of the earlier existing Queen's House, erected by Inigo Jones, and of John Webb's King Charles II block. The Queen's House, in particular, created a difficult problem as its smaller size rendered it out of scale with the newer structures. Wren's solution was to make it the focal centre of a great vista between the main flanking larger buildings; this was a masterstroke.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1673. President, Royal Society 1681–3. Member of Parliament 1685–7 and 1701–2. Surveyor, Greenwich Hospital 1696. Surveyor, Westminster Abbey 1699.

Surveyor-General 1669–1712.

Further Reading

R.Dutton, 1951, The Age of Wren, Batsford.

M.Briggs, 1953, Wren the Incomparable, Allen \& Unwin. M.Whinney, 1971, Wren, Thames \& Hudson.

K.Downes, 1971, Christopher Wren, Allen Lane.

G.Beard, 1982, The Work of Sir Christopher Wren, Bartholomew.

DY

Biographical history of technology > Wren, Sir Christopher

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