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the+support+for+the+strike

1 support for the strike is crumbling

поддержка забастовки уменьшается

Politics english-russian dictionary > support for the strike is crumbling
2 support

support

A n

1 (moral, financial, political) soutien m (for sth en faveur de qch ; for sb à qn) ; financial/state support soutien financier/de l'État ; there is considerable public support for the strikers les grévistes bénéficient du soutien d'une grande partie de la population ; there is little public support for this measure il y a peu de gens favorables à cette mesure ; socialist/Green party support soutien en faveur des socialistes/verts ; support for the party is increasing le parti a de plus en plus de partisans ; air/land/sea support Mil appui m aérien/terrestre/maritime ; to give sb/sth (one's) support apporter son soutien à qn/qch ; to get support from sb/sth obtenir le soutien de qn/qch ; to have the support of sb/sth avoir le soutien de qn/qch ; in support of sb/sth [campaign, intervene] en faveur de qn/qch ; he spoke in support of the motion il a parlé en faveur de la motion ; the workers went on strike in support of their demands les ouvriers se sont mis en grève pour soutenir leurs revendications ; the students demonstrated in support of the strikers les étudiants ont manifesté pour montrer leur solidarité avec les grévistes ; in support of this point of view/theory pour appuyer ce point de vue/cette théorie ; a collection in support of war victims une collecte au profit des victimes de guerre ; with support from sb avec l'appui or le soutien de qn ; to win ou gain support from sb trouver du soutien auprès de qn ; they need support to raise enough money ils ont besoin d'aide pour rassembler des fonds suffisants ; the theatre[transcription]size=1GB[transcription]/size=1 closed for lack of support le théâtre a fermé faute de public ; strong support fig ferme soutien ; means of support ( financial) moyens mpl de subsistance ;

2 (physical, for weight) gen, Constr support m ; Med ( for limb) appareil m de maintien ; athletic support coquille f ; neck support Med minerve f ; he used his stick as a support il s'appuyait sur sa canne ; he had to lean on a chair for support il a dû s'appuyer sur une chaise ;

3 ( person) soutien m (to de) ; Paul was a great support when she died Paul a été (d')un soutien précieux quand elle est morte ;

4 ( singer etc not topping the bill) ( individual) artiste mf qui assure la première partie ; ( band) groupe m de la première partie.

B vtr

1 (provide moral, financial backing) soutenir [person, cause, campaign, party, reform, team, venture, price, currency] ; donner à [charity] ; to support sb/sth by doing aider or soutenir qn/qch en faisant ; the museum is supported by public funds le musée est subventionné par l'État ;

2 ( physically) supporter [weight] ; soutenir [person] ;

3 ( validate) confirmer, corroborer fml [argument, case, claim, story, theory] ;

4 ( maintain) [breadwinner] faire vivre, avoir [qn] à charge [family] ; [land, farm] faire vivre [inhabitants] ; [charity] aider [underprivileged] ; he has a wife and children to support il a une femme et des enfants à charge ; she supported her son through college elle a payé les études de son fils ;

5 ( put up with) sout endurer [adverse conditions, bad behaviour] ;

6 Comput prendre en charge.

C v refl to support oneself subvenir à ses propres besoins.

Big English-French dictionary > support
3 support

1. n
помощь; поддержка; опора; средства к существованию; обеспечение

to abandon support for smb — отказываться от поддержки кого-л.; лишить кого-л. поддержки

to affirm one's support for smb — подтверждать свою поддержку кого-л.

to assure oneself of smb's support — заручаться чьей-л. поддержкой

to attract more public support — добиваться усиления поддержки со стороны общества

to bolster support — усиливать поддержку

to broaden support for smth — обеспечивать более широкую поддержку чего-л.

to build up support for smb — создавать поддержку кому-л.

to buy the support of local population — добиваться поддержки местного населения

to cancel support — прекращать помощь / поддержку

to canvass smb for support — добиваться поддержки с чьей-л. стороны

to cement the support of the right — упрочивать поддержку правых

to command majority support — пользоваться поддержкой большинства

to count on smb's support — рассчитывать на чью-л. поддержку

to court smb's support — добиваться чьей-л. поддержки

to cut off support — лишать кого-л. поддержки

to declare one's support — заявлять о своей поддержке

to deign smb's support — удостаиваться чьей-л. поддержки

to demonstrate one's solid support — демонстрировать единодушную поддержку

to deviate from one's support of smb — прекращать поддержку кого-л.

to double the support — удваивать поддержку

to draw one's support from smb — пользоваться чьей-л. поддержкой; получать поддержку от кого-л.

to drop one's support for smb — отказываться от оказания поддержки кому-л.; прекращать поддержку кого-л.

to drum up support for smth — искать сторонников чего-л.; просить оказать поддержку чему-л.

to enjoy mass support — пользоваться поддержкой народа

to enlist smb's support — заручаться чьей-л. поддержкой

to erode smb's support for smth — ослаблять чью-л. поддержку кого-л.

to express support for smth — выражать поддержку кого-л.

to find wide public support — встречать широкую поддержку общества

to forfeit international support — лишаться международной поддержки

to gain support — получать поддержку

to garner support — собирать голоса ( в ходе предвыборной кампании)

to gather support within the army — находить сторонников в рядах армии

to gauge the support — оценивать размеры поддержки

to get support — получать помощь / поддержку

to give smb support — оказывать кому-л. поддержку

to have smb's support — пользоваться чьей-л. поддержкой

to intensify the support — усиливать / увеличивать помощь

to lean on the support of smb — опираться на чью-л. поддержку

to lend support — оказывать поддержку

to lessen one's support for smb — уменьшать поддержку, оказываемую кому-л.

to lobby for support — добиваться поддержки (парламента и т.п.)

to lose support — терять поддержку

to maintain electoral support — сохранять поддержку избирателей

to meet with support — находить поддержку

to mobilize international political support — мобилизовывать международную политическую поддержку

to muster support for smth — находить поддержку чему-л.

to obtain support — получать помощь / поддержку

to offer support — предлагать помощь / поддержку

to pledge support — обещать поддержку

to provide support — оказывать поддержку / помощь

to raise support for smth — добиваться поддержки чего-л.

to rally support — искать сторонников; заручаться поддержкой

to rally to the support of smth — сплачиваться для поддержки чего-л.

to reaffirm one's support for smb — подтверждать свою поддержку кого-л.

to receive support — получать поддержку / помощь

to recover political support — восстанавливать политическую поддержку

to reevaluate one's support — пересматривать свою поддержку кого-л.

to regain support — вновь добиваться поддержки

to reiterate one's support for smb — подтверждать свою поддержку кого-л.

to rely on the support — опираться на поддержку

to render support — оказывать поддержку

to restate one's support for smth — вновь подтверждать свою поддержку кого-л.

to secure the support of / to seek support from smb — добиваться чьей-л. поддержки

to shout support for smb — поддерживать криками кого-л.

to show support for smth — демонстрировать свою поддержку чего-л.

to step up one's support for smth — усиливать поддержку чего-л.

to swing one's support behind smb — бросаться на поддержку кого-л.

to test support for smb — проверять наличие поддержки кого-л.

to throw one's support behind smb — оказывать поддержку кому-л.

to urge for more measured support for smb — призывать проявлять большую осторожность / взвешенность при поддержке кого-л.

to voice support for smth — высказываться в поддержку чего-л.

to water down one's support for smb — уменьшать свою поддержку, оказываемую кому-л.

to whittle away support for smb — уменьшать поддержку кого-л.

to widen electoral support — усиливать поддержку со стороны избирателей

to win smb's support — добиваться чьей-л. поддержки

to withdraw one's support for smth — отказываться от дальнейшей поддержки чего-л.

- active support
- administrative support
- all-out support
- all-round support
- big surge in support for smb
- broad support
- clear support
- congressional support for smth
- consistent support
- continuous support
- covert support
- decline of support
- delayed support
- diplomatic support
- direct support
- drop in support
- dwindling support
- economic support
- effective support
- engineer support
- fall in electoral support
- financial support
- firm support
- flagging support
- fraternal support
- full-hearted support
- government support
- grass-root support
- high-level support
- indirect support
- informational support
- international support
- lack of support
- loss of support
- managerial support
- mass support
- material and technical support
- material support
- military support
- moral support
- mutual support
- noble support
- organizational support
- overwhelming support
- political support
- popular support
- public support
- renewed support
- resolute support
- resounding support
- resurgence of support
- show of support for smb
- social support
- solid support
- staunch support
- substantial support
- substantive support
- support for smb / smth is fading
- support for smb across the widest political spectrum
- support for the agreement in Westminster has waned
- support for the strike is crumbling
- support is dwindling
- tacit support
- technical support
- technological support
- total support
- unabashed support
- unanimous support
- unconditional support
- unequivocal support
- unfailing support
- unqualified support
- unreserved support
- unshakable support
- unwavering support
- verbal support
- visa support
- voter support
- waning support
- weakening support
- wholehearted support
- wide support
- wide-spread support
- world-wide support 2. v
помогать; поддерживать; содействовать; обеспечивать; финансировать

to support life — обеспечивать средства к существованию

to support smb militarily — оказывать кому-л. военную поддержку

to support smb to the end — поддерживать кого-л. до конца

to support smth without qualification — безоговорочно поддерживать что-л.

to support the motion — поддерживать предложение

to support the peace initiative — поддерживать мирную инициативу

Politics english-russian dictionary > support
4 support

1. transitive verb
1) (hold up) stützen [Mauer, Verletzten]; (bear weight of) tragen [Dach]

2) (give strength to) stärken

3) unterstützen [Politik, Verein]; (Footb.)

support Spurs — Spurs-Fan sein

4) (give money to) unterstützen; spenden für

5) (provide for) ernähren [Familie, sich selbst]

6) (bring facts to confirm) stützen [Theorie, Anspruch, Behauptung]; (speak in favour of) befürworten [Streik, Maßnahme]
2. noun
1) Unterstützung, die

give support to somebody/something — jemanden/etwas unterstützen

in support — zur Unterstützung

speak in support of somebody/something — jemanden unterstützen/etwas befürworten

2) (somebody/something that supports) Stütze, die

hold on to somebody/something for support — sich an jemandem/etwas festhalten

* * *
[sə'po:t] 1. verb
1) (to bear the weight of, or hold upright, in place etc: That chair won't support him / his weight; He limped home, supported by a friend on either side of him.) tragen

2) (to give help, or approval to: He has always supported our cause; His family supported him in his decision.) unterstützen

3) (to provide evidence for the truth of: New discoveries have been made that support his theory; The second witness supported the statement of the first one.) erhärten

4) (to supply with the means of living: He has a wife and four children to support.) unterhalten
2. noun
1) (the act of supporting or state of being supported: That type of shoe doesn't give the foot much support; The plan was cancelled because of lack of support; Her job is the family's only means of support; I would like to say a word or two in support of his proposal.) die Unterstützung

2) (something that supports: One of the supports of the bridge collapsed.) die Stütze

•

- academic.ru/72313/supporter">supporter
- supporting
* * *

sup·port

[səˈpɔ:t, AM -ˈpɔ:rt]

I. vt

1. (hold up)

▪ to \support sb/sth jdn/etw stützen

▪ to be \supported on [or by] sth von etw dat gestützt werden

▪ to \support oneself on sth sich akk auf etw akk stützen

to \support a currency eine Währung stützen

to \support a roof ein Dach abstützen

to \support sb's weight jds Gewicht tragen

the ice is thick enough to \support our weight das Eis ist so dick, dass es uns trägt

2. (sustain)

to \support life für den Lebensunterhalt sorgen

3. (fulfill)

to \support a role eine Rolle spielen

4. usu neg ( form: tolerate)

to not/no longer \support sth etw nicht/nicht länger ertragen [o geh erdulden] [o fam aushalten

5. (provide with money)

to \support sb/sth jdn/etw [finanziell] unterstützen [o absichern]

to \support one's lifestyle seinen Lebensstil finanzieren

6. (provide with necessities)

▪ to \support sb für jds Lebensunterhalt aufkommen

▪ to \support oneself seinen Lebensunterhalt [selbst] bestreiten

to \support a family eine Familie unterhalten

7. (comfort)

▪ to \support sb/sth jdn/etw unterstützen

▪ to \support sb in sth jdn bei etw dat unterstützen

the union is \supporting Linda in her claim that she was unfairly dismissed die Gewerkschaft unterstützt Lindas Behauptung, sie sei zu Unrecht entlassen worden

8. (encourage)

▪ to \support sb/sth jdn/etw unterstützen

to \support a cause für eine Sache eintreten

to \support a plan einen Plan befürworten

9. (corroborate)

▪ to \support sth etw belegen

to \support a theory eine Theorie beweisen

10. SPORT

to \support a sportsman/team für einen Sportler/ein Team sein

11. COMM

customer \support Kundenbetreuung f

12. COMPUT

to \support a device/language/program ein Gerät/eine Sprache/ein Programm unterstützen

II. n

1. (prop) Stütze f; ARCHIT Träger m; FASHION Stütze f

knee \support Kniestrumpf m

\support stockings Stützstrümpfe pl

2. no pl (act of holding) Halt m

to give sth \support etw dat Halt geben

3. no pl (material assistance) Unterstützung f

financial \support finanzielle Unterstützung

a [visible] means of \support eine [bekannte] Einnahmequelle

to withdraw \support from sb/sth jdm/etw die weitere Unterstützung entziehen; LAW Unterhalt m

action for \support Unterhaltsklage f

to receive \support Unterhalt bekommen

4. no pl (comfort) Halt m fig, Stütze f fig

▪ to be a \support to sb jdm eine Stütze sein

letters of \support Sympathieschreiben pl

moral \support moralische Unterstützung

to give sb a lot of \support jdm großen Rückhalt geben

to give sb moral \support jdn moralisch unterstützen

5. no pl (encouragement) Unterstützung f; (proof of truth) Beweis m

to drum up \support for sth Unterstützung für etw akk auftreiben

to enlist the \support of sb jds Unterstützung gewinnen

to lend \support to a theory eine Theorie erhärten

to pledge \support for sth etw dat seine Unterstützung zusichern

6. COMPUT Support m

7.

▶ in \support of (to assist) als Unterstützung; (to express approval) zur Unterstützung

to vote in \support of the President für den Präsidenten stimmen; (to obtain) um etw zu erreichen

the miners have come out on strike in \support of their pay claim die Bergarbeiter sind in den Streik getreten, um ihrer Lohnforderung Nachdruck zu verleihen

* * *
[sə'pɔːt]
1. n

1) (lit) Stütze f

to give support to sb/sth — jdn/etw stützen

the ceiling will need some kind of support — die Decke muss irgendwie abgestützt werden

the bridge supports — die Stützpfeiler pl der Brücke

to lean on sb for support — sich auf jdn stützen

2) (fig no pl = moral, financial backing) Unterstützung f; (= person) Stütze f; (COMPUT ETC) Support m

in support of — zur Unterstützung (+gen)

in support of an allegation — zur Untermauerung or Stützung einer Behauptung

to speak in support of sb/sth — etw/jdn unterstützen

to depend on sb for financial support — auf jds finanzielle Unterstützung angewiesen sein

our support comes from the workers — wir stützen uns auf die Arbeiterschaft

2. attr (MIL ETC)
Hilfs-
3. vt

1) (lit) stützen; (= bear the weight of) tragen

it is supported on 4 columns — es wird von 4 Säulen getragen or gestützt

2) (fig) unterstützen (ALSO COMPUT); plan, motion, sb's application befürworten, unterstützen; party, cause eintreten für, unterstützen; (= give moral support to) beistehen (+dat), Rückhalt geben (+dat); (= corroborate) claim, theory erhärten, untermauern; (financially) family unterhalten; party, orchestra finanziell unterstützen

he supports Arsenal — er ist Arsenal-Anhänger m

which team do you support? — für welche Mannschaft bist du?

without his family to support him — ohne die Unterstützung seiner Familie

Burton and Taylor, supported by X and Y — Burton und Taylor, mit X und Y in den Nebenrollen

his parents supported him through university — seine Eltern haben ihn während seines Studiums finanziell unterstützt

3) (= endure) bad behaviour, tantrums dulden, ertragen

4. vr
(physically) sich stützen (on auf +acc); (financially) seinen Unterhalt (selbst) bestreiten
* * *

support [səˈpɔː(r)t; US auch -ˈpəʊrt]

A v/t

1. ein Gewicht, eine Wand etc tragen, (ab)stützen, (aus)halten

2. ertragen, (er)dulden, aushalten

3. jemanden unterstützen, stärken, jemandem beistehen, jemandem Rückendeckung geben:

what supported him was hope nur die Hoffnung hielt ihn aufrecht

4. eine Familie erhalten, unterhalten, sorgen für, ernähren (on von):

support o.s. für seinen Lebensunterhalt sorgen;

support o.s. on sich ernähren oder erhalten von

5. für ein Projekt etc aufkommen, finanzieren

6. ein Gespräch etc in Gang halten

7. a) für einen Kandidaten, eine Politik etc eintreten, unterstützen, fördern, befürworten

b) sich einer Ansicht etc anschließen

8. eine Theorie etc vertreten

9. beweisen, begründen, erhärten, rechtfertigen

10. WIRTSCH

a) eine Währung decken

b) einen Preis halten, stützen

11. THEAT etc

a) eine Rolle spielen

b) als Nebendarsteller(in) mit einem Star etc auftreten

B s

1. a) allg Stütze f:

walk without support;

support stocking Stützstrumpf m

b) (Turnen) Stütz m

2. ARCH, TECH

a) Stütze f, Halter m, Träger m, Ständer m

b) Strebe f, Absteifung f

c) Lagerung f, Bettung f

d) Stativ n

e) ARCH Durchzug m

3. MIL (Gewehr) Auflage f

4. ( auch MIL taktische) Unterstützung, Beistand m, Rückhalt m, Rückendeckung f:

give support to → A 3;

this plan has my full support hat meine volle Unterstützung;

in support of zur Unterstützung von (od gen);

support buying WIRTSCH Stützungskäufe pl;

support group Selbsthilfegruppe f

5. Unterhaltung f (einer Familie etc)

6. (Lebens)Unterhalt m

7. fig Stütze f, (Rück)Halt m

8. Aufrechterhaltung f

9. Erhärtung f, Beweis m:

in support of zur Rechtfertigung von (od gen)

10. MIL Reserve f, Verstärkung f

11. THEAT

a) Partner(in) (eines Stars)

b) Unterstützung f (eines Stars) (durch das Ensemble)

c) Ensemble n

12. FOTO Träger m

13. (Team von Fachleuten zur Behebung von Computerproblemen etc) Support m

* * *
1. transitive verb
1) (hold up) stützen [Mauer, Verletzten]; (bear weight of) tragen [Dach]

2) (give strength to) stärken

3) unterstützen [Politik, Verein]; (Footb.)

support Spurs — Spurs-Fan sein

4) (give money to) unterstützen; spenden für

5) (provide for) ernähren [Familie, sich selbst]

6) (bring facts to confirm) stützen [Theorie, Anspruch, Behauptung]; (speak in favour of) befürworten [Streik, Maßnahme]
2. noun
1) Unterstützung, die

give support to somebody/something — jemanden/etwas unterstützen

in support — zur Unterstützung

speak in support of somebody/something — jemanden unterstützen/etwas befürworten

2) (somebody/something that supports) Stütze, die

hold on to somebody/something for support — sich an jemandem/etwas festhalten

* * *

n.

Auflage f.

Gestell -e n.

Rückendeckung f.

Stütze -n f.

Unterstützung f. v.

abstützen v.

befürworten v.

ernähren v.

fördern v.

stützen v.

unterstützen v.

English-german dictionary > support
5 support

sup·port [səʼpɔ:t, Am -ʼpɔ:rt] vt

1) ( hold up)

to \support sb/ sth jdn/etw stützen;

to be \supported on [or by] sth von etw dat gestützt werden;

to \support oneself on sth sich akk auf etw akk stützen;

to \support a currency econ eine Währung stützen;

to \support a roof ein Dach abstützen;

to \support sb's weight jds Gewicht tragen;

the ice is thick enough to \support our weight das Eis ist so dick, dass es uns trägt

2) ( sustain)

to \support life für den Lebensunterhalt sorgen

3) ( fulfil)

to \support a role eine Rolle spielen

4) usu neg (form: tolerate)

to not/no longer \support sth etw nicht/nicht länger ertragen [o ( geh) erdulden] [o ( fam) aushalten];

5) ( provide with money)

to \support sb/ sth jdn/etw [finanziell] unterstützen;

to \support one's lifestyle seinen Lebensstil Sucht finanzieren

6) ( provide with necessities)

to \support sb für jds Lebensunterhalt m aufkommen;

to \support oneself seinen Lebensunterhalt [selbst] bestreiten;

to \support a family eine Familie unterhalten

7) ( comfort)

to \support sb/ sth jdn/etw unterstützen;

to \support sb in sth jdn bei etw dat unterstützen;

the union is \supporting Linda in her claim that she was unfairly dismissed die Gewerkschaft unterstützt Lindas Behauptung, sie sei zu Unrecht entlassen worden

8) ( encourage)

to \support sb/ sth jdn/etw unterstützen;

to \support a cause für eine Sache eintreten;

to \support a plan einen Plan befürworten

9) ( corroborate)

to \support sth etw belegen;

to \support a theory eine Theorie beweisen

10) sports

to \support a sportsman/ team für einen Sportler/ein Team sein

11) comput

to \support a device/ language/ program ein Gerät/eine Sprache/ein Programm unterstützen n

1) ( prop) Stütze f; archit Träger m; fashion Stütze f;

knee \support Kniestrumpf m;

\support stockings Stützstrümpfe mpl

2) no pl ( act of holding) Halt m;

to give sth \support etw dat Halt geben

3) no pl ( material assistance) Unterstützung f;

financial \support finanzielle Unterstützung;

a [visible] means of \support eine [bekannte] Einnahmequelle;

to withdraw \support from sb/ sth jdm/etw die weitere Unterstützung entziehen; law Unterhalt m;

action for \support Unterhaltsklage f;

to receive \support Unterhalt bekommen

4) no pl ( comfort) Halt m ( fig), Stütze f ( fig)

to be a \support to sb jdm eine Stütze sein;

letters of \support Sympathieschreiben ntpl;

moral \support moralische Unterstützung;

to give sb a lot of \support jdm großen Rückhalt geben;

to give sb moral \support jdn moralisch unterstützen

5) no pl ( encouragement) Unterstützung f; ( proof of truth) Beweis m;

to drum up \support for sth Unterstützung für etw akk auftreiben;

to enlist the \support of sb jds Unterstützung gewinnen;

to lend \support to a theory eine Theorie erhärten;

to pledge \support for sth etw dat seine Unterstützung zusichern

6) comput Support m

PHRASES:

in \support of ( to assist) als Unterstützung;

( to express approval) zur Unterstützung;

to vote in \support of the President für den Präsidenten stimmen;

( to obtain) um etw zu erreichen;

the miners have come out on strike in \support of their pay claim die Bergarbeiter sind in den Streik getreten, um ihrer Lohnforderung Nachdruck zu verleihen

English-German students dictionary > support
6 поддержка забастовки уменьшается

support for the strike is crumbling

Русско-английский политический словарь > поддержка забастовки уменьшается
7 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
8 declarar

v.

1 to declare.

declarar la verdad to tell the truth

declarar culpable/inocente a alguien to find somebody guilty/not guilty

¿algo que declarar? anything to declare? (en aduana)

Ella declaró sus razones She declared her reasons.

2 to testify, to give evidence (law).

lo llamaron a declarar he was called to give evidence

3 to bear witness, to testify, to give evidence, to depose.

Ricardo declara en contra de ella Richard bears witness against her.

4 to pronounce, to declare, to adjudge.

Los declaro marido y mujer I pronounce you husband and wife.

5 to declare oneself to.

Declaró ser el único líder He declared himself to be the only leader.

* * *

declarar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to declare; (manifestar) to state

■ el inspector nos preguntó si teníamos algo que declarar the inspector asked us whether we had anything to declare

■ lo declararon vencedor he was declared the winner

■ el presidente declaró que no se devaluaría la corona the President stated that the crown would not be devalued

2 DERECHO to find

■ lo declararon culpable he was found guilty

3 (en bridge) to bid, declare

► verbo intransitivo

1 to declare

2 DERECHO to testify

► verbo pronominal declararse

1 (amor) to declare one's love (a, for)

■ le declaró su amor durante la fiesta he declared his love for her during the party

2 (fuego, guerra, etc) to break out, start

■ se declaró un incendio en el monte a fire broke out on the mountain

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

declarar la guerra a un país to declare war on a country

declararse a favor de to declare oneself in favour (US in favor) of

■ se declaró a favor del aborto she declared herself in favour of abortion

declararse en contra to declare oneself against

declararse en huelga to go on strike

declararse en quiebra to go into bankruptcy, declare oneself bankrupt

* * *

verb

1) to declare, state

2) testify

•

- declararse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=proclamar) [+ guerra, independencia] to declare

Japón declaró la guerra a China — Japan declared war on China

fue declarado el estado de sitio — a state of siege was declared

el tribunal declaró la inconstitucionalidad de la ley — the court declared the law unconstitutional

yo os declaro marido y mujer — I pronounce you man and wife

- tener declarada la guerra a algo

- tener declarada la guerra a algn

2) (=considerar) to declare

el tribunal médico lo declaró no apto para el servicio militar — the medical board declared him unfit for military service

el bosque fue declarado zona protegida — the forest was declared a conservation area

fue declarada abierta la competición — the competition was declared open

el premio fue declarado desierto — the prize was not awarded

este matrimonio podría declararse nulo — this marriage could be annulled

• declarar culpable a algn — to find sb guilty

• declarar inocente a algn — to find sb innocent

3) (=manifestar) [en público, ante el juez] to state; [como anuncio, noticia] to announce

declaró su apoyo a la democracia — he stated his support for democracy

el ministro declaró no saber nada del asunto — the minister stated that he knew nothing of the matter

según declaró un portavoz del gobierno — as a government spokesperson announced

4) (Com) [en la aduana, a Hacienda] to declare

¿(tiene) algo que declarar? — (do you have) anything to declare?

nada que declarar — nothing to declare

5) (Naipes) to bid

declaró dos picos — she bid two spades

declaró menos de lo que tenía — he underbid

2. VI

1) (Jur) (=testificar) to give evidence, testify

fue llamada a declarar por el juez — the judge called her to give evidence o to testify

• declarar en falso — to commit perjury

2) (=declarar impuestos) to submit one's tax return

3) (Naipes) to bid

3.

See:

declararse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( manifestar) <apoyo/oposición/intención> to declare, state

declaró que no renunciaría — he announced o stated that he would not resign

le declaró su amor — he declared his love to her

b) ( proclamar) to declare

declarar la guerra/el cese de las hostilidades — to declare war/a ceasefire

el presidente declaró abierta la sesión — the chairman pronounced o declared the session open

os declaro marido y mujer — I pronounce you man and wife

el jurado lo declaró culpable/inocente — the jury found him guilty/not guilty

2)

a) ( en la aduana) to declare

¿algo que declarar? — anything to declare?

b) (Fisco) <bienes/ingresos> to declare
2.
declarar vi to give evidence, testify

fue llamado a declarar como testigo — he was called to give evidence o to testify
3.
declararse v pron

1)

a) ( manifestarse) to declare oneself

se declaró partidaria del divorcio — she declared herself (to be) in favor of divorce

declararse culpable/inocente — to plead guilty/not guilty

declararse en quiebra or bancarrota — to declare oneself bankrupt

declararse en huelga — to go on strike

b) ( confesar amor) (+ me/te/le etc)

se le declaró — he declared himself o his love to her

2) incendio/epidemia to break out

* * *

= declare, state, pronounce, adjudge, affirm.

Ex. 24.17 declares Enter a body created or controlled by a government under its own name unless it belongs to one or more of the types listed in 24.18.

Ex. Short abstracts are generally preferred, but there are instances where the most effective approach is to cite the original unamended, and to state that this is what has been done.

Ex. 'Look,' she pronounced impatiently, 'I have lots of work to do'.

Ex. National library associations should look for sponsors who will publish manuscripts they have adjudged to have met international standards.

Ex. This move has probably affirmed the future of DC.

----

* declarar a favor de = testify (to/of).

* declarar culpable = convict.

* declarar ilegal = outlaw.

* declarar la guerra = break out into + declared war, go to + war, take up + arms.

* declarar la guerra a = declare + war on.

* declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on, declare + open season on.

* declarar muerto = declare + dead, pronounce + dead.

* declararse culpable = plead + guilty.

* declararse en guerra = go to + war.

* declararse en huelga = strike, stage + strike, strike + break out.

* declararse en quiebra = go into + liquidation.

* declararse inocente = protest + Posesivo + innocence, plead + not guilty.

* declarar vencedor = adjudge + winner.

* digno de declarar = reportable.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( manifestar) <apoyo/oposición/intención> to declare, state

declaró que no renunciaría — he announced o stated that he would not resign

le declaró su amor — he declared his love to her

b) ( proclamar) to declare

declarar la guerra/el cese de las hostilidades — to declare war/a ceasefire

el presidente declaró abierta la sesión — the chairman pronounced o declared the session open

os declaro marido y mujer — I pronounce you man and wife

el jurado lo declaró culpable/inocente — the jury found him guilty/not guilty

2)

a) ( en la aduana) to declare

¿algo que declarar? — anything to declare?

b) (Fisco) <bienes/ingresos> to declare
2.
declarar vi to give evidence, testify

fue llamado a declarar como testigo — he was called to give evidence o to testify
3.
declararse v pron

1)

a) ( manifestarse) to declare oneself

se declaró partidaria del divorcio — she declared herself (to be) in favor of divorce

declararse culpable/inocente — to plead guilty/not guilty

declararse en quiebra or bancarrota — to declare oneself bankrupt

declararse en huelga — to go on strike

b) ( confesar amor) (+ me/te/le etc)

se le declaró — he declared himself o his love to her

2) incendio/epidemia to break out

* * *

= declare, state, pronounce, adjudge, affirm.

Ex: 24.17 declares Enter a body created or controlled by a government under its own name unless it belongs to one or more of the types listed in 24.18.

Ex: Short abstracts are generally preferred, but there are instances where the most effective approach is to cite the original unamended, and to state that this is what has been done.

Ex: 'Look,' she pronounced impatiently, 'I have lots of work to do'.

Ex: National library associations should look for sponsors who will publish manuscripts they have adjudged to have met international standards.

Ex: This move has probably affirmed the future of DC.

* declarar a favor de = testify (to/of).

* declarar culpable = convict.

* declarar ilegal = outlaw.

* declarar la guerra = break out into + declared war, go to + war, take up + arms.

* declarar la guerra a = declare + war on.

* declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on, declare + open season on.

* declarar muerto = declare + dead, pronounce + dead.

* declararse culpable = plead + guilty.

* declararse en guerra = go to + war.

* declararse en huelga = strike, stage + strike, strike + break out.

* declararse en quiebra = go into + liquidation.

* declararse inocente = protest + Posesivo + innocence, plead + not guilty.

* declarar vencedor = adjudge + winner.

* digno de declarar = reportable.

* * *

declarar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 (manifestar) ‹apoyo/oposición› to declare, state; ‹noticia/decisión› to announce, state

declaró abiertamente su simpatía por el régimen he openly declared his sympathy with the régime

declaró que no convocaría elecciones anticipadas he announced that he would not call early elections

2 (proclamar) to declare

declarar la guerra/el cese de las hostilidades to declare war/a ceasefire

declararon la comarca zona catastrófica the region was declared a disaster area

el presidente declaró abierta la sesión the chairman pronounced o declared the session open

lo declararon apto para el servicio militar he was declared o passed fit for military service

yo os declaro marido y mujer I pronounce you man and wife

el jurado lo declaró culpable the jury found him guilty

B

1 (en la aduana) to declare

¿algo que declarar? anything to declare?

2 ( Fisco) ‹bienes/ingresos› to declare

■ declarar

vi

to give evidence, testify

fue llamado a declarar como testigo he was called to give evidence o to testify o as a witness

■ declararse

v pron

A

1 (manifestarse) to declare oneself

se declaró partidaria del divorcio she declared herself (to be) in favor of divorce, she declared o stated that she was in favor of divorce

se declaró culpable he pleaded guilty

declararse en quiebra or bancarrota to declare oneself bankrupt

declararse en huelga to go on strike

2 (confesar amor) (+ me/te/le etc):

se le declaró he declared his love to her, he told her he loved her

B «incendio/epidemia» to break out

se declaró una emergencia a bordo del barco an emergency arose on board the ship

* * *

declarar ( conjugate declarar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( manifestar) ‹apoyo/oposición/intención› to declare, state;

◊ le declaró su amor he declared his love to her

b) ( proclamar) ‹guerra/independencia› to declare;

◊ el jurado lo declaró inocente the jury found him not guilty

2
a) ( en la aduana) to declare

b) (Fisco) ‹bienes/ingresos› to declare

verbo intransitivo
to give evidence, testify;
◊ declarar como testigo to give evidence, to testify

declararse verbo pronominal
1
a) ( manifestarse) to declare oneself;

◊ declararse en quiebra to declare oneself bankrupt;

declararse culpable/inocente to plead guilty/not guilty;
declararse en huelga to go on strike
b) ( confesar amor):

◊ se le declaró he declared himself o his love to her

2 [incendio/epidemia] to break out
declarar
I verbo transitivo
1 to declare
2 (decir, anunciar) to state
3 Jur (un juez) to find: les declararon culpables/ inocentes, they were found guilty/not guilty
4 (un bien a Hacienda) to declare
US to report
II vi Jur (ante un juez) to testify
' declarar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
opinar
- profesar
English:
affirm
- announce
- annul
- assert
- certify
- condemn
- convict
- declare
- find
- pronounce
- protest
- state
- testify
- war
- write off
- evidence
- null
- outlaw
- proclaim
- write

* * *

declarar

♦ vt

1. [manifestar] [ante la autoridad] to declare;

declarar la verdad to tell the truth;

declarar el patrimonio to declare one's property;

declarar culpable/inocente a alguien to find sb guilty/not guilty;

¿algo que declarar? [en aduana] anything to declare?;

¿tú declaras (a Hacienda) todo lo que ganas? do you declare all your earnings (to the Tax Inspector)?

2. [afirmar] to state, to say;

declaró a la prensa sus próximos proyectos he informed the press of his future plans/projects;

el monarca declaró su apoyo al nuevo gobierno the monarch expressed his support for the new government;

el secretario declaró abierta la sesión the secretary declared the session open;

la región fue declarada zona catastrófica the region was declared a disaster area;

ha sido declarado candidato a la presidencia his candidacy for the presidency has been announced

♦ vi
Der to testify, to give evidence;
declarar ante un tribunal to testify before a tribunal;

lo llamaron a declarar he was called to give evidence

♦ See also the pronominal verb declararse

* * *

declarar

I v/t

1 state

2 bienes declare

3

:

declarar culpable a alguien find s.o. guilty

II v/i JUR give evidence

* * *

declarar vt

: to declare, to state

declarar vi

atestiguar: to testify

♦ See also the reflexive verb declararse

* * *

declarar vb

1. (en general) to declare

declaró la guerra a los invasores he declared war on the invaders

2. (decir en público) to state / to announce

el ministro declaró que se investigaría el caso the minister announced that the case would be investigated

3. (determinar) to find [pt. & pp. found]

el juez lo declaró culpable the judge found him guilty

4. (en un tribunal) to give evidence [pt. gave; pp. given]

fui llamado a declarar I was called to give evidence

Spanish-English dictionary > declarar
9 conseguir

v.

1 to obtain, to get.

consiguió todo lo que se propuso she achieved everything she set out to do

conseguir hacer algo to manage to do something

no consiguió que me enfadara she didn't (manage to) get me annoyed

María consiguió un descuento grande Mary got a huge discount.

2 to get hold of, to get over here.

María consiguió a Ricardo al fin Mary got hold of Richard at last.

3 to manage to, to be able to, to get to, to find a way to.

María consiguió llegar a tiempo Mary mMaríaged to arrive on time.

* * *

conseguir

Conjugation model [ SEGUIR], like link=seguir seguir

► verbo transitivo

1 (cosa) to obtain, get; (objetivo) to attain, achieve

2 (lograr) to manage, succeed in

■ conseguí abrirlo I managed to open it

■ ¡lo conseguí! I did it!

* * *

verb

1) to achieve, attain

2) get

3) manage (to)

* * *

VT [+ meta, objetivo] to achieve; [+ resultado] to obtain, achieve; [+ premio, campeonato] to win; [+ entradas, empleo, dinero] to get; [+ documento, visado, beca, permiso] to get, obtain; [+ acuerdo] to reach

siempre consigue lo que se propone — he always achieves what he sets out to do

consiguieron la victoria por tres millones de votos — they won by three million votes

consiguieron la mayoría absoluta — they won o gained an absolute majority

si insistimos lo conseguiremos — if we keep trying we'll manage it

ha conseguido un estilo muy personal — she has achieved a very individual style

• conseguir hacer algo — to manage to do sth

he conseguido aprobar el examen — I managed to pass the exam

no conseguí dar con la solución — I didn't manage to find the answer

no consigo entender tu argumento — I just don't quite understand your argument

• conseguir que algn haga algo — to get sb to do sth

al final conseguí que me devolvieran el dinero — I got them to give me my money back in the end, I got my money back from them in the end

vas a conseguir que papá se enfade — you'll make daddy cross

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <objetivo/fin/resultado> to achieve, obtain; <entrada/permiso/empleo> to get

no conseguirás nada de él — you won't get anything out of him

si lo intentas, al final lo conseguirás — if you try, you'll succeed in the end

la película consiguió un gran éxito — the film was a great success

consiguió el primer premio — she won first prize

consiguió la victoria — she won

b)

conseguir + inf — to manage to + inf

no consigo entenderlo — I can't work it out

c)

conseguir que + subj: vas a conseguir que me enfade you're going to get me annoyed; al final conseguí que me dejaran pasar I finally got them to let me through; conseguí que me lo prestara — I got him to lend it to me
2.
conseguir vi (RPl)

conseguir con alguien/algo — to get through to somebody/something

* * *

= accomplish, achieve, attain, cultivate, gain, get, obtain, procure, secure, work out, yield, effect, galvanise [galvanize, -USA], come by, get (a)round to, get + hold of, land, acquire, line up, win over.

Ex. If a library prefers to simplify records in particular areas, this can usually be accomplished by not entering particular types of information.

Ex. The above citation order is achieved by the intercalation of (73).

Ex. A fully comparative account of recommendations for filing orders is likely to prove confusing until the reader has attained some familiarity with the general problems, and the solutions offered by one code.

Ex. Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.

Ex. To many, therefore, this emphasis on information can provide a much-needed opportunity to gain the public library new influence and respect.

Ex. DOBIS/LIBIS does not get a new document number, but reserves this document for you, so that no one else can change it while you are working on it.

Ex. In the event that the position in the matrix contains more than 32 entries, it is necessary for the user to interact with the system to obtain the miniature catalog that will contain the entry s/he seeks.

Ex. They are responsible for putting together advertisements, securing proofs, procuring the matrices, electrotypes, and other duplicate plates needed for insertion in publications.

Ex. They are responsible for putting together advertisements, securing proofs, procuring the matrices, electrotypes, and other duplicate plates needed for insertion in publications.

Ex. The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.

Ex. This mixture of approaches is designed to yield maximum retrieval for as many users as possible by combining the different strengths of controlled and natural language indexing.

Ex. Historically, the main reasons for unionization have been to effect better wages, fringe benefits, and working conditions.

Ex. The author discusses how librarians should present themselves to effectively galvanize public support for their leadership in the digital age.

Ex. This article shows how teachers came by such information and the use they made it of in their work.

Ex. The best way is to talk to them, using a structured plan so that you do get round to asking the right questions.

Ex. It is difficult for Western librarians to find out what is being published, or to get hold of the materials that they know about.

Ex. For example, Mile High Comics has served libraries in the past and is eager to land more library customers.

Ex. Many libraries have special collections of foreign, unpublished or unusual materials which include items unlikely to be acquired by other libraries.

Ex. The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.

Ex. It is the latest incentive being offered to attract the Web user and win over their loyalty of custom.

----

* casi conseguir = come close to + Gerundio.

* conseguir acceso = gain + access, gain + admittance.

* conseguir admiración = gain + respect.

* conseguir algo = get + anywhere.

* conseguir Algo con esfuerzo = hack.

* conseguir Algo contra todo pronóstico = beat + the odds.

* conseguir algo de = get + something out of.

* conseguir Algo en contra de lo previsible = beat + the odds.

* conseguir Algo fácilmente = coast.

* conseguir Algo, lograr Algo = pull + Nombre + off.

* conseguir apoyo = mobilise + support, win + support, line up + support, gain + support.

* conseguir ayuda = secure + help.

* conseguir beneficio = accrue + benefit.

* conseguir calmarse = regain + Posesivo + composure.

* conseguir con dificultad = eke out.

* conseguir con esfuerzo = mine.

* conseguir el control = gain + control (over/of).

* conseguir el derecho para = win + the right to.

* conseguir el dinero = come up with + the money.

* conseguir en gran medida + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* conseguir éxito = achieve + success.

* conseguir éxitos y fracasos = encounter + problems and successes.

* conseguir fondos = win + funds.

* conseguir hablar con = catch up with.

* conseguir la reconciliación = bring about + reconciliation.

* conseguir liberarse de = secure + relief from.

* conseguirlo = pull it off, nail it.

* conseguir localizar = get + hold of.

* conseguir lo imposible = achieve + the impossible, accomplish + the impossible, shoot (for) + the moon.

* conseguir lo que Uno quiere = have + Posesivo + way (with).

* conseguir mediante engaño = bluff + Posesivo + way into.

* conseguir mucho = do + much.

* conseguir ocupar un lugar específico = secure + a niche.

* conseguir + Posesivo + aprobación = win + Posesivo + approval.

* conseguir que = galvanise into.

* conseguir realizarse plenamente = achieve + Posesivo + full potential.

* conseguir reconocimiento = win + recognition.

* conseguir recursos = mobilise + resources.

* conseguir respeto = gain + respect.

* conseguirse = accrue.

* conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = grab + the limelight.

* conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight.

* conseguir ser el centro de atención = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight, grab + the limelight.

* conseguir tiempo = buy + time.

* conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.

* conseguir una meta = accomplish + goal.

* conseguir una solución = achieve + solution.

* conseguir un equilibrio = strike + a balance.

* conseguir un estándar = attain + standard.

* conseguir un fin = secure + end.

* conseguir un ideal = attain + ideal, achieve + ideal.

* conseguir unir = rally.

* conseguir un objetivo = accomplish + objective, achieve + objective, attain + goal.

* conseguir un premio = earn + an award, win + award, win + prize.

* conseguir un puesto de trabajo = obtain + position.

* conseguir un trabajo = enter + job, land + job.

* difícil de conseguir = difficult to come by.

* ejercer presión para conseguir Algo = push for.

* esforzarse por conseguir = strive for, work toward(s).

* estar en vías de conseguir = be on the road to.

* fácil de conseguir = easy-to-get, easy to come by.

* forma de conseguir Algo = lever.

* intentar conseguir = aim for, work toward(s).

* intentar conseguir Algo = take + a swing at.

* modo de conseguir Algo = lever.

* muy lejos de conseguir = a long way toward.

* no conseguir nada = achieve + nothing.

* no conseguir ni una cosa ni otra = fall (between/through) + the cracks.

* para conseguir = in pursuit of.

* pero sin conseguirlo = but no dice.

* presionar para conseguir Algo = press for.

* que no se puede conseguir = unobtainable.

* resultar difícil de conseguir = prove + elusive.

* ser algo muy fácil de conseguir = be there for the taking.

* ser difícil de conseguir = be hard to get.

* ser fácil de conseguir = be readily available.

* un medio para conseguir un fin = a means to an end.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <objetivo/fin/resultado> to achieve, obtain; <entrada/permiso/empleo> to get

no conseguirás nada de él — you won't get anything out of him

si lo intentas, al final lo conseguirás — if you try, you'll succeed in the end

la película consiguió un gran éxito — the film was a great success

consiguió el primer premio — she won first prize

consiguió la victoria — she won

b)

conseguir + inf — to manage to + inf

no consigo entenderlo — I can't work it out

c)

conseguir que + subj: vas a conseguir que me enfade you're going to get me annoyed; al final conseguí que me dejaran pasar I finally got them to let me through; conseguí que me lo prestara — I got him to lend it to me
2.
conseguir vi (RPl)

conseguir con alguien/algo — to get through to somebody/something

* * *

= accomplish, achieve, attain, cultivate, gain, get, obtain, procure, secure, work out, yield, effect, galvanise [galvanize, -USA], come by, get (a)round to, get + hold of, land, acquire, line up, win over.

Ex: If a library prefers to simplify records in particular areas, this can usually be accomplished by not entering particular types of information.

Ex: The above citation order is achieved by the intercalation of (73).

Ex: A fully comparative account of recommendations for filing orders is likely to prove confusing until the reader has attained some familiarity with the general problems, and the solutions offered by one code.

Ex: Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.

Ex: To many, therefore, this emphasis on information can provide a much-needed opportunity to gain the public library new influence and respect.

Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS does not get a new document number, but reserves this document for you, so that no one else can change it while you are working on it.

Ex: In the event that the position in the matrix contains more than 32 entries, it is necessary for the user to interact with the system to obtain the miniature catalog that will contain the entry s/he seeks.

Ex: They are responsible for putting together advertisements, securing proofs, procuring the matrices, electrotypes, and other duplicate plates needed for insertion in publications.

Ex: They are responsible for putting together advertisements, securing proofs, procuring the matrices, electrotypes, and other duplicate plates needed for insertion in publications.

Ex: The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.

Ex: This mixture of approaches is designed to yield maximum retrieval for as many users as possible by combining the different strengths of controlled and natural language indexing.

Ex: Historically, the main reasons for unionization have been to effect better wages, fringe benefits, and working conditions.

Ex: The author discusses how librarians should present themselves to effectively galvanize public support for their leadership in the digital age.

Ex: This article shows how teachers came by such information and the use they made it of in their work.

Ex: The best way is to talk to them, using a structured plan so that you do get round to asking the right questions.

Ex: It is difficult for Western librarians to find out what is being published, or to get hold of the materials that they know about.

Ex: For example, Mile High Comics has served libraries in the past and is eager to land more library customers.

Ex: Many libraries have special collections of foreign, unpublished or unusual materials which include items unlikely to be acquired by other libraries.

Ex: The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.

Ex: It is the latest incentive being offered to attract the Web user and win over their loyalty of custom.

* casi conseguir = come close to + Gerundio.

* conseguir acceso = gain + access, gain + admittance.

* conseguir admiración = gain + respect.

* conseguir algo = get + anywhere.

* conseguir Algo con esfuerzo = hack.

* conseguir Algo contra todo pronóstico = beat + the odds.

* conseguir algo de = get + something out of.

* conseguir Algo en contra de lo previsible = beat + the odds.

* conseguir Algo fácilmente = coast.

* conseguir Algo, lograr Algo = pull + Nombre + off.

* conseguir apoyo = mobilise + support, win + support, line up + support, gain + support.

* conseguir ayuda = secure + help.

* conseguir beneficio = accrue + benefit.

* conseguir calmarse = regain + Posesivo + composure.

* conseguir con dificultad = eke out.

* conseguir con esfuerzo = mine.

* conseguir el control = gain + control (over/of).

* conseguir el derecho para = win + the right to.

* conseguir el dinero = come up with + the money.

* conseguir en gran medida + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* conseguir éxito = achieve + success.

* conseguir éxitos y fracasos = encounter + problems and successes.

* conseguir fondos = win + funds.

* conseguir hablar con = catch up with.

* conseguir la reconciliación = bring about + reconciliation.

* conseguir liberarse de = secure + relief from.

* conseguirlo = pull it off, nail it.

* conseguir localizar = get + hold of.

* conseguir lo imposible = achieve + the impossible, accomplish + the impossible, shoot (for) + the moon.

* conseguir lo que Uno quiere = have + Posesivo + way (with).

* conseguir mediante engaño = bluff + Posesivo + way into.

* conseguir mucho = do + much.

* conseguir ocupar un lugar específico = secure + a niche.

* conseguir + Posesivo + aprobación = win + Posesivo + approval.

* conseguir que = galvanise into.

* conseguir realizarse plenamente = achieve + Posesivo + full potential.

* conseguir reconocimiento = win + recognition.

* conseguir recursos = mobilise + resources.

* conseguir respeto = gain + respect.

* conseguirse = accrue.

* conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = grab + the limelight.

* conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight.

* conseguir ser el centro de atención = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight, grab + the limelight.

* conseguir tiempo = buy + time.

* conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.

* conseguir una meta = accomplish + goal.

* conseguir una solución = achieve + solution.

* conseguir un equilibrio = strike + a balance.

* conseguir un estándar = attain + standard.

* conseguir un fin = secure + end.

* conseguir un ideal = attain + ideal, achieve + ideal.

* conseguir unir = rally.

* conseguir un objetivo = accomplish + objective, achieve + objective, attain + goal.

* conseguir un premio = earn + an award, win + award, win + prize.

* conseguir un puesto de trabajo = obtain + position.

* conseguir un trabajo = enter + job, land + job.

* difícil de conseguir = difficult to come by.

* ejercer presión para conseguir Algo = push for.

* esforzarse por conseguir = strive for, work toward(s).

* estar en vías de conseguir = be on the road to.

* fácil de conseguir = easy-to-get, easy to come by.

* forma de conseguir Algo = lever.

* intentar conseguir = aim for, work toward(s).

* intentar conseguir Algo = take + a swing at.

* modo de conseguir Algo = lever.

* muy lejos de conseguir = a long way toward.

* no conseguir nada = achieve + nothing.

* no conseguir ni una cosa ni otra = fall (between/through) + the cracks.

* para conseguir = in pursuit of.

* pero sin conseguirlo = but no dice.

* presionar para conseguir Algo = press for.

* que no se puede conseguir = unobtainable.

* resultar difícil de conseguir = prove + elusive.

* ser algo muy fácil de conseguir = be there for the taking.

* ser difícil de conseguir = be hard to get.

* ser fácil de conseguir = be readily available.

* un medio para conseguir un fin = a means to an end.

* * *

conseguir [ I30 ]

vt

1 ‹objetivo/fin/resultado› to achieve, obtain; ‹entrada/plaza/empleo› to get

no conseguirás nada de él you won't get anything out of him

siempre consigue lo que se propone she always achieves what she sets out to do

si lo intentas, al final lo conseguirás if you try, you'll succeed in the end

un artista que ha conseguido un estilo propio an artist who has developed o achieved his own style

al final consiguió un permiso de trabajo he finally got o managed to get a work permit

todavía no ha conseguido trabajo she still hasn't got a job o found work

consiguió el primer premio en el concurso she won first prize in the competition

la película consiguió un gran éxito de crítica the film was very well received by the critics

consiguieron una mayoría aplastante they obtained an overwhelming majority

consiguió la victoria con su último lanzamiento she won with her last throw

2 conseguir + INF to manage to + INF

no consigo entenderlo I can't work it out

al final conseguí convencer a mis padres I finally managed to talk my parents round

consiguió clasificarse para la final she managed to qualify o she qualified for the final

3 conseguir QUE + SUBJ:

si sigues así vas a conseguir que me enfade if you carry on like that, you're going to get me annoyed

al final conseguí que me dejaran pasar I finally got them to let me through, I finally managed to persuade them to let me through

conseguí que me lo prestara I got him o I managed to get him to lend it to me

■ conseguir

vi

( RPl) conseguir CON algn/algo; to get through TO sb/sth

no puedo conseguir con él/con ese número I can't get through to him/to that number

* * *

conseguir ( conjugate conseguir) verbo transitivo ‹objetivo/fin/resultado› to achieve, obtain;
‹entrada/permiso/empleo› to get;
‹medalla/título› to win;
◊ si lo intentas, al final lo conseguirás if you try, you'll succeed in the end;

la película consiguió un gran éxito the film was a great success;
conseguir hacer algo to manage to do sth;
no consigo entenderlo I can't work it out;
conseguí que me lo prestara I got him to lend it to me
conseguir verbo transitivo
1 (obtener) to get, obtain
(alcanzar) to achieve: consiguió su propósito, he achieved his purpose
2 (con infinitivo) to manage to: consiguieron convencernos, they managed to persuade us ➣ Ver nota en manage

' conseguir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aliento
- bregar
- buscar
- concurso
- costar
- frustrarse
- hacerse
- lince
- método
- obtener
- porfiar
- precio
- santa
- santo
- trampear
- triunfo
- adelantar
- alcanzar
- cazar
- consiga
- lucha
- luchar
- pituto
- ser
English:
accomplish
- achieve
- aim
- apprentice
- attain
- autonomous
- bargain
- bid
- boat
- bring off
- bungle
- come by
- contrive
- divorce
- fail
- find
- gain
- get
- go after
- hold
- influence
- land
- lobby
- manage
- mooch
- obtain
- obtainable
- one-upmanship
- per cent
- procure
- rally
- running
- seek
- shop around
- snatch
- succeed
- unobtainable
- wangle
- whip up
- white elephant
- win
- available
- bring
- come
- draw
- drum
- easy
- enlist
- have
- nowhere

* * *

conseguir vt
[obtener] to obtain, to get; [un objetivo] to achieve;
conseguir un premio Nobel/dos Óscars to win o get a Nobel Prize/two Oscars;

consiguieron un aumento de sueldo they got a pay Br rise o US raise;

consiguió la mayoría absoluta he won o got an absolute majority;

consiguió todo lo que se propuso she achieved everything she set out to do;

con esa actitud no conseguirás nada you won't get anywhere with that attitude;

conseguir hacer algo to manage to do sth;

tras un disputado esprint consiguió alzarse con el triunfo she won a very closely contested sprint;

no consiguieron encontrar el camino they didn't manage to find the way;

no consiguió que me enfadara she didn't (manage to) get me annoyed;

al menos conseguimos que nos escucharan at least we got them to listen to us

* * *

conseguir

v/t

1 get; objetivo achieve

2

:

conseguir hacer algo manage to do sth

* * *

conseguir {75} vt

1) : to get, to obtain

2) : to achieve, to attain

3) : to manage to

consiguió acabar el trabajo: she managed to finish the job

* * *

conseguir vb

1. (obtener) to obtain / to get

el partido consiguió el 40% de los votos the party got 40% of the votes

ha conseguido un buen trabajo she's got a good job

2. (lograr) to achieve

¿qué has conseguido? what have you achieved?

3. (ganar) to win [pt. & pp. won]

consiguió cuatro medallas de oro he won four gold medals

conseguir hacer algo to manage to do something

he conseguido ahorrar un poco de dinero I've managed to save some money

Spanish-English dictionary > conseguir
10 apoyar

v.

1 to lean, to rest.

apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulder

apoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wall

Ricardo apoya su cabeza sobre la silla Richard leans his head on the chair.

2 to support.

lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed

3 to back up, to stand up for, to advocate, to endorse.

Ella apoya los proyectos ecológicos She backs up ecological projects.

4 to prop, to uphold, to backstop.

Ella apoyó las vigas en la pared She propped the beams on the wall.

* * *

apoyar

► verbo transitivo

1 to lean, rest

■ apoyar la cabeza to rest one's head

2 (fundar) to base, found

■ apoya su teoría en pruebas concluyentes he bases his theory on hard evidence

3 figurado (defender algo) to support; (defender a alguien) to back, support

■ sus padres le apoyan en todo her parents support everything she does

► verbo pronominal apoyarse

1 (descansar) to lean (en, on), rest (en, on), stand (en, on)

■ la estatua se apoya en un pilar the statue stands on a column

■ apóyate en mí lean on me

■ se apoya demasiado en sus padres he relies too much on his parents

2 (dar el brazo) to hold on (en, to)

3 figurado (basarse) to be based (en, on)

■ ¿en qué te apoyas para decir eso? what do you base your arguments on?

* * *

verb

1) to support, back

2) rest, lean

•

- apoyarse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=reclinar) to rest, lean

apoya la cabeza en mi hombro — rest o lean your head on my shoulder

no apoyes los codos en la mesa — don't put o lean your elbows on the table

apoya la bicicleta contra la pared — lean the bicycle against the wall

2) (=ayudar) to support

no me apoyan en nada de lo que hago — they don't support me in anything I do

no apoyaremos más al gobierno — we will no longer support the government

los nuevos datos apoyan mi teoría — the new information supports my theory

3) (=basar) to base

apoya su argumento en los siguientes hechos — he bases his argument on the following facts

4) (=secundar) [+ propuesta, idea] to support

5) (Arquit, Téc) to support

2.

See:

apoyarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( hacer descansar) to rest

apóyalo contra la pared — lean o rest it against the wall

2)

a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, support

nadie la apoyó en su iniciativa — no one backed o supported her initiative

b) < teoría> to support, bear out
2.
apoyarse v pron

1) (para sostenerse, descansar)

apoyarse en algo — to lean on something

camina apoyándose en un bastón — she walks using a cane for support

se apoya mucho en su familia — he leans heavily on his family

2) (basarse, fundarse)

apoyarse en algo — to be based on something

¿en qué se apoya para hacer tal acusación? — what are you basing your accusation on?

* * *

= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.

Ex. Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.

Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.

Ex. These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.

Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.

Ex. The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.

Ex. They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.

Ex. I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.

Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.

Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.

Ex. This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.

Ex. The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.

Ex. Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.

Ex. The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.

Ex. Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.

Ex. Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.

Ex. Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.

Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.

Ex. The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.

Ex. This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.

Ex. To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.

Ex. Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.

Ex. I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.

Ex. It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.

Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.

Ex. The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.

Ex. There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.

Ex. In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.

Ex. Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.

----

* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.

* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.

* apoyar en = lean against.

* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.

* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).

* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.

* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.

* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.

* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.

* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.

* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.

* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.

* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.

* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.

* que apoya moralmente = supportive.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( hacer descansar) to rest

apóyalo contra la pared — lean o rest it against the wall

2)

a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, support

nadie la apoyó en su iniciativa — no one backed o supported her initiative

b) < teoría> to support, bear out
2.
apoyarse v pron

1) (para sostenerse, descansar)

apoyarse en algo — to lean on something

camina apoyándose en un bastón — she walks using a cane for support

se apoya mucho en su familia — he leans heavily on his family

2) (basarse, fundarse)

apoyarse en algo — to be based on something

¿en qué se apoya para hacer tal acusación? — what are you basing your accusation on?

* * *

= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.

Ex: Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.

Ex: If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.

Ex: These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.

Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex: If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.

Ex: The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.

Ex: They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.

Ex: I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.

Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.

Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.

Ex: This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.

Ex: The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.

Ex: Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.

Ex: The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.

Ex: Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.

Ex: Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.

Ex: Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.

Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.

Ex: The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.

Ex: This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.

Ex: To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.

Ex: Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.

Ex: I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.

Ex: It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.

Ex: I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.

Ex: The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.

Ex: There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.

Ex: In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.

Ex: Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.

* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.

* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.

* apoyar en = lean against.

* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.

* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).

* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.

* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.

* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.

* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.

* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.

* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.

* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.

* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.

* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.

* que apoya moralmente = supportive.

* * *

apoyar [A1 ]

vt

A (hacer descansar) to rest

apoya la escalera contra la pared lean o rest the ladder against the wall

con la cabeza apoyada en su hombro with her head resting on his shoulder

no se debe apoyar los codos sobre la mesa you mustn't put o rest your elbows on the table

hay que apoyar todo el peso del cuerpo sobre una pierna you have to put all your weight on one foot

B

1 (respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support

¿me vas a apoyar si me quejo? are you going to back me (up) o support me if I complain?

no apoyamos la huelga we do not support the strike

nadie la apoyó en su iniciativa no one backed o supported her initiative

apoyar técnica y financieramente su desarrollo to give technical and financial support o backing for its development

2 ‹teoría› to support, bear out

no hay pruebas que apoyen esta hipótesis there is no evidence to bear out o support this hypothesis

■ apoyarse

v pron

A (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse EN algo to lean ON sth

caminaba lentamente apoyándose en un bastón she walked slowly, leaning on a walking stick o using a walking stick for support

se apoya demasiado en su familia he relies too much on his family (for support), he leans too heavily on his family

B (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse EN algo to be based ON sth

se apoyó en estas cifras para defender su teoría he used these figures to defend his theory

¿en qué se apoya para hacer semejante acusación? what are you basing your accusation on?, what is the basis of your accusation?

* * *

apoyar ( conjugate apoyar) verbo transitivo
1 ( hacer descansar) apoyar (algo en algo) to rest (sth on sth);
◊ apóyalo contra la pared lean it against the wall

2
a) ( respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support

b) ‹ teoría› to support, bear out

apoyarse verbo pronominal
1 (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse en algo to lean on sth
2 (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse en algo to be based on sth
apoyar verbo transitivo
1 to lean
2 (causa) to support
' apoyar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
refrendar
- agarrar
- ir
- recostar
- respaldar
- sostener
English:
advocate
- back
- back up
- bolster
- buttress
- champion
- endorse
- lean
- prop
- prop up
- reinforce
- rest
- root for
- stand by
- support
- root
- sponsor
- stand

* * *

apoyar

♦ vt

1. [inclinar] to lean, to rest;

apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulder;

apoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wall;

apoyó los codos sobre la mesa he leant his elbows on the table

2. [respaldar] to support;

todos apoyaron su decisión everyone supported her decision;

lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed;

los directivos los apoyaron en su protesta management supported their protest

3. [basar] to base;

apoya su teoría en datos concretos her theory is based on o supported by concrete statistics

♦ See also the pronominal verb apoyarse

* * *

apoyar

v/t

1 lean (en against), rest (en against)

2 ( respaldar, confirmar) support

* * *

apoyar vt

1) : to support, to back

2) : to lean, to rest

♦ See also the reflexive verb apoyarse

* * *

apoyar vb

1. (en general) to lean [pt. & pp. leant]

apoya la escalera contra la pared lean the ladder against the wall

2. (descansar) to rest

apoyó la cabeza en mi hombro she rested her head on my shoulder

3. (defender) to support

el partido apoya al candidato the party supports the candidate

Spanish-English dictionary > apoyar
11 favor

adv.

please.

m.

favor (servicio).

hacerle un favor a alguien to do somebody a favor

hágame el favor de cerrar la puerta would you mind shutting the door, please?

pedir un favor a alguien to ask somebody a favor

por favor please

* * *

favor

► nombre masculino

1 favour (US favor)

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a favor de in favour (US favor) of

a mi (tu, su, etc) favor in my (your, his, etc) favour (US favor)

■ al final quedamos 2 a 1 a nuestro favor we finally won 2 to 1

en favor de in favour (US favor) of

hacer un favor to do a favour (US favor)

haga (hagan, etc) el favor de + inf formal please + inf

¿me harías (harían, haríais, etc) el favor de + inf? could you + inf?

por favor please

tener a alguien a su favor to have somebody on one's side

tener algo a su favor to have something in one's favour (US favor)

* * *

noun m.

favor

- por favor

* * *

SM

1) (=ayuda) favour, favor (EEUU)

favor de venir puntualmente — Méx please be punctual

• hacer un favor a algn — to do sb a favour

¿me puedes hacer un favor? — can you do me a favour?

¡está para hacerle un favor! — ** she's really something! *

hacer un flaco favor a algn — to do no favours to sb

¿me hace el favor de bajarme la maleta? — I wonder if you could get my suitcase down for me, please?, could you possibly get my suitcase down for me, please?

¡haced el favor de callaros! — will you please be quiet!

si hace el favor de pasar — if you'd like o care to go in

si hace favor — LAm if you don't mind

• pedir un favor a algn — to ask sb (for) a favour, ask a favour of sb más frm

• por favor — please

¿me dejan pasar, por favor? — could I get past, please?

¡por favor! ¡qué calor hace! — goodness me, it's hot today!

- favor con favor se paga

2) [locuciones]

a)

• a favor — in favour

hay un 50% de gente a favor — 50% of people are in favour

votos a favor — votes in favour

¿estás a favor o en contra? — are you for or against it?

tener el viento a favor — to have the wind behind one o in one's favour

b)

• a favor de — in favour of

no me convencen sus argumentos a favor de la huelga — I'm not convinced by his arguments in favour of the strike

¿está a favor de poner fin al bloqueo del país? — are you in favour of ending the blockade of the country?

la balanza está a nuestro favor — the balance is in our favour

el tiempo corre a nuestro favor — time is on our side

lo tenía todo a su favor — she had everything going for her

el partido ya estaba decidido a favor de la jugadora española — the Spanish player already had the match sewn up

• ir a favor de la corriente — to go with the flow

• a favor de la noche — under cover of darkness

• votar a favor de algo — to vote in favour of sth

c)

• en favor de — [abdicar, manifestarse] in favour of; [intervenir] on behalf of; [trabajar, luchar] for

el director se manifestó en favor del cine europeo — the director spoke in favour of o expressed his support for the European film industry

piden a la ONU su intervención en favor de los detenidos — the UN is being asked to intervene on behalf of those detained

una recogida de firmas en favor del indulto de los presos — a petition for the pardon of the prisoners

siempre abogó en favor de los más débiles — he always defended the underdog

se tomarán nuevas medidas en favor de los ganaderos — new measures are to be taken to help livestock farmers

el sistema fue perdiendo terreno en favor de otros métodos más modernos — the system gradually lost ground to more up-to-date methods

3) (=apoyo) [del rey, dioses] favour, favor (EEUU), protection; [del público] support

gracias al favor del rey — thanks to the king's protection, thanks to the favour he enjoyed with the king

la pérdida del favor popular — the loss of popular support

la película nunca tuvo el favor del gran público — the movie never found favour with the general public

ha sabido ganarse el favor de la audiencia — she has succeeded in winning the audience's affection

• gozar del favor de algn — to have sb's support o backing, enjoy sb's favour frm

el partido goza del favor del 49% de la población — the party has the support o backing of 49% of the population
condición 1)
4)

• entrada de favor — complimentary ticket

5) pl favores [de mujer] favours, favors (EEUU)

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (ayuda, servicio) favor*

¿me puedes hacer un favor? — can you do me a favor?

vengo a pedirte un favor — I've come to ask you (for) a favor

¿me harías el favor de copiarme esto? — would you copy this for me, please?

hagan el favor de esperar — would you mind waiting, please?

gracias, no sabes el favor que me haces — thanks ever so much, you're doing me a big favor

si no te invitan, favor que te hacen — if they don't invite you, they'll be doing you a favor

favor de hacer la cola — (Méx) please stand in line (AmE), please queue here (BrE)

b) (en locs)

a favor — in favor*

dos votos a favor — two votes in favor

llevamos el viento a favor — we have the wind behind us

estar a favor de algo/alguien/+ inf — to be in favor* of something/somebody/-ing

si es así, aún más a mi favor — that makes me all the more right

cinco a dos, a favor de Nacional — five-two, with Nacional ahead (AmE), five-two to Nacional (BrE)

en favor de — in favour of

por favor — please

pide las cosas por favor — say please

¿y tú le creíste? por favor, mujer! — and you believed him? honestly!

2) ( apoyo)

el favor de la crítica — the approval of the critics

favor del rey — the king's favor

cuenta con el favor del jefe — he's/she's in favor with the boss

3) favores (liter) ( sexuales) favor

* * *

= favour [favor, -USA].

Ex. Any favours librarians receive from vendors will be minimal.

----

* a favor = in favour.

* a favor de = in favour of.

* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.

* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.

* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].

* a favor de la vida humano = pro-life.

* a favor y en contra = pro and con.

* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.

* argumentar a favor de = put + the case for, present + case for, make + a case for.

* argumentos a favor o en contra = arguments for (and/or) against.

* conceder un favor = bestow + favour.

* decir a favor de = say in + favour of.

* declarar a favor de = testify (to/of).

* devolución de un favor = repayment of debt.

* devolver un favor = return + a favour.

* dicho sea a su favor = to + Posesivo + credit.

* en favor de = in favour of.

* estar a favor (de) = be in favour (of).

* estar a favor de = be for.

* estar a favor de una idea = favour + idea.

* estar a favor o en contra = be for or against.

* favor sexual = sexual favour.

* ganarse el favor de = win + the favour of.

* hablar a favor de = speak up for.

* hablar en favor de = put + a word in for.

* hacer un favor = put + Nombre + out of + Posesivo + misery.

* hacer un favor a Alguien = do + Nombre + a favour.

* hay que decir a su favor que = to + Posesivo + credit.

* perder el favor de = lose + popularity with.

* por favor = please.

* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].

* predispuesto a favor de = disposed for.

* presentar argumentos a favor = make + a case for.

* presentar argumentos a favor de = present + arguments in favour of.

* presentar evidencia a favor de = present + case for.

* probabilidades a favor de = odds in favour of.

* pronunciarse a favor o en contra de Algo = take + sides.

* punto a favor = asset.

* romper una lanzar en favor de = stick up for.

* tiempo + estar a favor de Alguien = time + be + on + Posesivo + side.

* trato de favor = preferential treatment.

* viento a favor = tailwind.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (ayuda, servicio) favor*

¿me puedes hacer un favor? — can you do me a favor?

vengo a pedirte un favor — I've come to ask you (for) a favor

¿me harías el favor de copiarme esto? — would you copy this for me, please?

hagan el favor de esperar — would you mind waiting, please?

gracias, no sabes el favor que me haces — thanks ever so much, you're doing me a big favor

si no te invitan, favor que te hacen — if they don't invite you, they'll be doing you a favor

favor de hacer la cola — (Méx) please stand in line (AmE), please queue here (BrE)

b) (en locs)

a favor — in favor*

dos votos a favor — two votes in favor

llevamos el viento a favor — we have the wind behind us

estar a favor de algo/alguien/+ inf — to be in favor* of something/somebody/-ing

si es así, aún más a mi favor — that makes me all the more right

cinco a dos, a favor de Nacional — five-two, with Nacional ahead (AmE), five-two to Nacional (BrE)

en favor de — in favour of

por favor — please

pide las cosas por favor — say please

¿y tú le creíste? por favor, mujer! — and you believed him? honestly!

2) ( apoyo)

el favor de la crítica — the approval of the critics

favor del rey — the king's favor

cuenta con el favor del jefe — he's/she's in favor with the boss

3) favores (liter) ( sexuales) favor

* * *

= favour [favor, -USA].

Ex: Any favours librarians receive from vendors will be minimal.

* a favor = in favour.

* a favor de = in favour of.

* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.

* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.

* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].

* a favor de la vida humano = pro-life.

* a favor y en contra = pro and con.

* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.

* argumentar a favor de = put + the case for, present + case for, make + a case for.

* argumentos a favor o en contra = arguments for (and/or) against.

* conceder un favor = bestow + favour.

* decir a favor de = say in + favour of.

* declarar a favor de = testify (to/of).

* devolución de un favor = repayment of debt.

* devolver un favor = return + a favour.

* dicho sea a su favor = to + Posesivo + credit.

* en favor de = in favour of.

* estar a favor (de) = be in favour (of).

* estar a favor de = be for.

* estar a favor de una idea = favour + idea.

* estar a favor o en contra = be for or against.

* favor sexual = sexual favour.

* ganarse el favor de = win + the favour of.

* hablar a favor de = speak up for.

* hablar en favor de = put + a word in for.

* hacer un favor = put + Nombre + out of + Posesivo + misery.

* hacer un favor a Alguien = do + Nombre + a favour.

* hay que decir a su favor que = to + Posesivo + credit.

* perder el favor de = lose + popularity with.

* por favor = please.

* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].

* predispuesto a favor de = disposed for.

* presentar argumentos a favor = make + a case for.

* presentar argumentos a favor de = present + arguments in favour of.

* presentar evidencia a favor de = present + case for.

* probabilidades a favor de = odds in favour of.

* pronunciarse a favor o en contra de Algo = take + sides.

* punto a favor = asset.

* romper una lanzar en favor de = stick up for.

* tiempo + estar a favor de Alguien = time + be + on + Posesivo + side.

* trato de favor = preferential treatment.

* viento a favor = tailwind.

* * *

favor

masculine

A

1 (ayuda, servicio) favor*

¿me puedes hacer un favor? can you do me a favor?

vengo a pedirte un favor I've come to ask you (for) a favor o to ask a favor of you

no me han hecho ningún favor con estos cambios these changes are a great help, I must say! ( iro)

¿me harías el favor de pasarme esto a máquina? would you type this for me, please?

¿puede hacer el favor de llamar más tarde? could you possibly phone later?

hagan el favor de esperar would you mind waiting, please?

¡hágame el favor, hombre! ¿a eso le llaman arte? they call that art? get out of here! ( AmE) o ( BrE) do me a favour! ( colloq)

si no te invitan, favor que te hacen if they don't invite you, so much the better o they'll be doing you a favor

¿quién es ése? se le puede hacer un favor ¿eh? ( fam hum); who's that guy? I wouldn't say no to him ( colloq)

[ S ] favor de hacer la cola ( Méx); please stand in line ( AmE), please queue here ( BrE)

2 ( en locs):

a favor in favor*

hubo dos votos en contra y seis a favor there were two votes against and six in favor

llevamos el viento a favor we have the wind behind us

a favor de in favor* of

está a favor del divorcio she is in favor of divorce

si es así, aún más a mi favor if that's the case, that makes me all the more right

los que estén a favor de la propuesta, levanten la mano those in favor of the proposal, please show

cinco a dos, a favor de Nacional (durante el partido) five-two, with Nacional ahead ( AmE), five-two to Nacional ( BrE) (resultado final) Nacional wins, five-two ( AmE), five-two to Nacional ( BrE)

saldo a su/nuestro favor balance in your/our favor

en favor de: abdicó en favor de su hijo he abdicated in favor of his son

actuó en favor de los intereses de la empresa he acted in the interests of the company

una colecta en favor de los damnificados a collection in aid of the victims, a collection for the victims

por favor please

la cuenta, por favor can I have the check ( AmE) o ( BrE) bill, please?

pide las cosas por favor say please

¡que no se te vaya a caer, por favor! don't drop it, please!, for heaven's sake don't drop it!

¿y tú le creíste? ¡por favor, mujer! and you believed him? honestly o really!

B

(apoyo, protección): la exposición gozó de los favores del público the exhibition was well supported by the public

intenta ganarse el favor de la crítica he's trying to win the approval of the critics

muchos buscaban sus favores ( liter); many men sought her favors ( liter)

disfrutaba del favor del rey he enjoyed the king's favor

C ( arc) (prenda) favor*

* * *

favor sustantivo masculino
a) (ayuda, servicio) favor^{( conjugate favor)};

◊ ¿me puedes hacer un favor? can you do me a favor?;

vengo a pedirte un favor I've come to ask you (for) a favor;
¿me harías el favor de copiarme esto? would you copy this for me, please?;
hagan el favor de esperar would you mind waiting, please?
b) ( en locs)

◊ a favor in favor^{( conjugate favor)};

dos votos a favor two votes in favor;
en favor de in favour of;
estar a favor de algo/algn/hacer algo to be in favor^{( conjugate favor)} of sth/sb/doing sth;
por favor please
favor sustantivo masculino
1 favour, US favor: ¿me puedes hacer un favor?, could you do me a favour?
2 favores (de una mujer) favours
♦ Locuciones: estar a favor de, to be in favour of
por favor, please
' favor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogar
- abonar
- admitir
- aguantar
- alegar
- alta
- alto
- apestosa
- apestoso
- aquí
- asiento
- baja
- bajo
- balanza
- cara
- cobrar
- cobrarse
- coger
- correrse
- decir
- declararse
- delante
- desgracia
- desobedecer
- envolver
- favorecer
- fuego
- guardar
- hacer
- instante
- interceder
- introducir
- lanza
- liquidación
- luz
- pagar
- parar
- partidaria
- partidario
- pedir
- por
- pronunciarse
- resolverse
- salir
- silencio
- soborno
- su
- voto
- abdicar
- atención
English:
against
- argue
- argument
- ask
- assessment
- believe in
- biased
- bring
- bring in
- campaign
- carefully
- carve up
- charity
- come out
- complete
- con
- disregard
- disturb
- divulge
- do
- electioneering
- favor
- favour
- feature
- fetch in
- find
- for
- fragile
- get
- hand out
- hand up
- kindly
- longhand
- lower
- make out
- mind
- oblige
- odds
- path
- please
- plus
- put back
- put through
- really
- receipt
- redeeming
- repay
- report
- return
- ring up

* * *

favor nm

1. [servicio] favour;

pedir un favor a alguien to ask sb a favour;

hacerle un favor a alguien [ayudar a] to do sb a favour;

hágame el favor de cerrar la puerta would you mind shutting the door, please?;

se ruega a los señores viajeros que hagan el favor de esperar sentados passengers are requested to remain seated;
Am
favor de pasar por la puerta B please proceed through gate B;

¡haz el favor de no golpear la puerta! would you kindly stop slamming that door?;

¿abro la ventana? – si haces el favor… shall I open the window? – please, if you don't mind…;

con esa actitud hace un flaco favor a la democracia he's not doing anything for democracy with an attitude like that;
Fam
tu amiga está como para hacerle un favor, a tu amiga le hacía yo un favor I wouldn't mind doing your friend a favour

2. Anticuado o Hum
favores [de una mujer] favours;

la dama le concedió sus favores the lady graced him with her favours

3. [apoyo]
tener a o [m5] en su favor a alguien to enjoy sb's support;

tenía a todo el pueblo a su favor he had the people on his side;

los políticos tienen el favor de sus votantes the politicians enjoy the support of the voters;

goza del favor del público he has public support

4.
de favor [gratuito] complimentary, free

5. [en frases]
un viento/una corriente a favor a favourable wind/current;

¿tú estás a favor o en contra de la nueva ley? are you for or against the new law?;

tienen diez goles a favor y once en contra they've scored ten goals and conceded eleven;

89-99 a favor de los Nets 99-89 to the Nets;

el juez falló a su favor the judge found in his favour;

a favor de in favour of;

estar a favor de to be in favour of;

extendió un cheque a favor de Henar y Cía. she made out a cheque to Henar & Co;

en favor de to the benefit of;

si ahora no contesta, más a mi favor if he doesn't reply now, that proves I'm right all the more;

por favor [al pedir algo] please;
[expresa indignación, sorpresa] for heaven's sake!;
las cosas se piden por favor you say “please” when you ask for something;

nos pidió por favor que la acompañáramos she asked if we could please go with her

* * *

favor

m

1 favor, Br

favour;

hacer un favor do a favor;

¿me harías el favor de echarme esta carta? could you do me a favor and mail this letter?, could you (please) mail this letter for me?;

haz el favor de callarte would you please be quiet!;

pedir un favor a alguien ask s.o. for a favor

2 en locuciones

:

a favor de in favor o Br favour of;

por favor please

* * *

favor nm

1) : favor

2)

a favor de : in favor of

3)

por favor : please

* * *

favor n favour

me has hecho un gran favor you've done me a big favour

En inglés americano favour se escribe favor

estar a favor de algo to be in favour of something

¡haz el favor de hacer algo! will you please do something!

¡haz el favor de sentarte! will you please sit down!

por favor please

Spanish-English dictionary > favor
12 huelga

f.

strike.

estar/declararse en huelga to be/to go on strike

huelga de brazos caídos sit-down (strike)

huelga de celo work-to-rule (British), job action (United States)

huelga general general strike

huelga de hambre hunger strike

huelga indefinida indefinite strike

huelga salvaje wildcat strike

huelga de solidaridad sympathy strike

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: holgar.

* * *

huelga

► nombre femenino

1 strike

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar en huelga / estar de huelga to be on strike

hacer huelga to go on strike

ir a la huelga to go on strike

huelga a la japonesa work-in

huelga de brazos caídos go-slow

huelga de celo work-to-rule

huelga general general strike

huelga de hambre hunger strike

huelga salvaje wildcat strike Table 1 NOTA See also holgar/Table 1

* * *

noun f.

strike

- hacer huelga

* * *

SF

1) [de trabajo] strike, stoppage, walkout

los obreros en huelga — the workers on strike, the striking workers

estar en huelga — to be on strike

declarar la huelga, declararse en huelga, hacer huelga, ir a la huelga, ponerse en huelga — to go on strike, come out on strike

huelga (a la) japonesa — industrial action characterized by overproduction by the workforce

huelga de brazos caídos — sit-down strike

huelga de celo — work-to-rule, go-slow, slowdown (strike) (EEUU)

huelga de hambre — hunger strike

huelga de hostigamiento — guerrilla strike

huelga de pago de alquiler — rent strike

huelga de reglamento — work-to-rule, go-slow, slowdown (strike) (EEUU)

huelga general — general strike

huelga oficial — official strike

huelga patronal — lock-out

huelga por solidaridad — sympathy strike

huelga rotatoria — rotating strike

huelga salvaje — wildcat strike

2) (=descanso) rest, repose frm

3) (Mec) play, free movement

* * *
I
femenino strike

declararse en huelga — to come out on o go on strike

hacer huelga — to strike, go on strike

estar en or de huelga — to be on strike

- huelga de celo

- huelga de hambre

- huelga general
II
huelgan, etc see holgar

* * *

= strike, industrial action, strike action.

Ex. What to one author is a ' strike' to another is an industrial dispute.

Ex. More than 500 library users returning items borrowed before the industrial action were interviewed during the 4 weeks following the reopening of the libraries.

Ex. The author considers what the attitude of the profession should be to proposed strike action.

----

* declararse en huelga = strike, stage + strike, strike + break out.

* de huelga = striking.

* dejar de hacer huelga = cross + the picket line.

* en huelga = striking.

* hacer huelga = strike.

* huelga de camioneros = trucker strike, haulage strike, lorry strike, road haulage strike, haulier strike.

* huelga decir = needless to say.

* huelga de hambre = hunger strike.

* huelga del metal = metalworkers' strike.

* huelga del transporte = lorry strike, trucker strike, haulage strike, road haulage strike, haulier strike.

* huelga del transporte público = public transport strike.

* huelga de silencio = silent strike.

* huelga de transportistas = trucker strike, haulage strike, lorry strike, road haulage strike, haulier strike.

* huelga jurisdiccional = jurisdictional strike.

* huelga por solidaridad = sympathy strike.

* organizar una huelga = stage + strike.

* romper la huelga = cross + the picket line.

* * *
I
femenino strike

declararse en huelga — to come out on o go on strike

hacer huelga — to strike, go on strike

estar en or de huelga — to be on strike

- huelga de celo

- huelga de hambre

- huelga general
II
huelgan, etc see holgar

* * *

= strike, industrial action, strike action.

Ex: What to one author is a ' strike' to another is an industrial dispute.

Ex: More than 500 library users returning items borrowed before the industrial action were interviewed during the 4 weeks following the reopening of the libraries.

Ex: The author considers what the attitude of the profession should be to proposed strike action.

* declararse en huelga = strike, stage + strike, strike + break out.

* de huelga = striking.

* dejar de hacer huelga = cross + the picket line.

* en huelga = striking.

* hacer huelga = strike.

* huelga de camioneros = trucker strike, haulage strike, lorry strike, road haulage strike, haulier strike.

* huelga decir = needless to say.

* huelga de hambre = hunger strike.

* huelga del metal = metalworkers' strike.

* huelga del transporte = lorry strike, trucker strike, haulage strike, road haulage strike, haulier strike.

* huelga del transporte público = public transport strike.

* huelga de silencio = silent strike.

* huelga de transportistas = trucker strike, haulage strike, lorry strike, road haulage strike, haulier strike.

* huelga jurisdiccional = jurisdictional strike.

* huelga por solidaridad = sympathy strike.

* organizar una huelga = stage + strike.

* romper la huelga = cross + the picket line.

* * *

huelga¹

feminine

strike

se han declarado en huelga they have come out on o gone on strike

irán a la huelga they'll come out on o go on strike

hace tres semanas que están en or de huelga they've been on strike for three weeks

los trabajadores que no secundaron la huelga the workers who did not support the strike

hacer huelga to strike, to go on strike

Compuestos:

● huelga de brazos caídos

sit-down strike

● huelga de celo

( Esp) go-slow, work-to-rule

● huelga de hambre

hunger strike

● huelga de solidaridad or apoyo

sympathy strike

● huelga general/parcial

general/selective strike

● huelga no autorizada

wildcat strike

● huelga oficial/no oficial

official/unofficial strike

● huelga relámpago

lightning strike

● huelga salvaje

wildcat strike

● huelga total

all-out strike

huelga², huelgan, etc

holgar

* * *

Del verbo holgar: ( conjugate holgar)

huelga es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
holgar
huelga
holgar ( conjugate holgar) verbo intransitivo (en 3a pers) (frml) ( estar de más):
◊ huelga decir que … it goes without saying that …;

huelgan los comentarios what can one say?
huelga 1 sustantivo femenino
strike;
hacer huelga to (go on) strike;
estar en huelga to be on strike
huelga 2, huelgan, etc see holgar
holgar vi frml
1 (estar ocioso) to be idle
2 (ser ocioso, estar de más) huelga decir que no estaré allí, it goes without saying that I won't be there
huelga sustantivo femenino strike
ponerse en huelga, to go on strike
huelga de brazos caídos, go-slow, slowdown
huelga de celo, work- to-rule, slowdown strike
huelga de hambre, hunger strike
huelga general, general strike

' huelga' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acordar
- celo
- convocatoria
- declarada
- declarado
- declararse
- énfasis
- general
- holgar
- paro
- piquete
- reventar
- salvaje
- sumarse
- convocar
- correo
- declarar
- desautorizar
- llamar
- participación
- promotor
- sancionar
- trastorno
- venir
English:
all-out
- call
- call out
- come out
- complication
- cripple
- delay
- down
- go-slow
- hunger strike
- industrial action
- inform
- lightning
- needless
- out
- rail strike
- right
- rule
- stay out
- stoppage
- strike
- strike pay
- striking
- unnecessary
- walk out
- walkout
- work-to-rule
- come
- general
- hunger
- levy
- resort
- say
- sympathy
- withdraw

* * *

huelga

♦ ver holgar

♦ nf

strike;

estar en huelga to be on strike;

declararse en huelga to go on strike;

hacer huelga to strike;

ir a la huelga to go on strike;

los trabajadores en huelga the strikers

Comp
huelga de apoyo sympathy strike;
huelga de brazos caídos sit-down (strike);

huelga de celo Br work-to-rule, US job action;

huelga general general strike;

huelga de hambre hunger strike;

huelga indefinida indefinite strike;

huelga patronal lockout;

huelga salvaje wildcat strike;

huelga de solidaridad sympathy strike

* * *

huelga

f strike;

declararse en huelga, ir a la huelga go on strike;

estar en huelga be on strike

* * *

huelga nf

1) paro: strike

2)

hacer huelga : to strike, to go on strike

* * *

huelga n strike

estar en huelga to be on strike

declararse en huelga to go on strike

huelga de hambre hunger strike

Spanish-English dictionary > huelga
13 point

point [pwɛ̃]

━━━━━━━━━

1. masculine noun

2. compounds

━━━━━━━━━

1. <

   a. point

• point d'ébullition boiling point

• point de congélation freezing point

• point de détail point of detail

• sa cote de popularité a baissé de trois points his popularity rating has fallen by three points

• gagner aux points (Boxing) to win on points

• nous abordons maintenant un point capital we now come to a crucial point

• exposé en trois points three-point presentation

• ils sont d'accord sur ce point they agree on this point

• passons au point suivant de l'ordre du jour let us move on to the next item on the agenda

   b. ( = endroit) place ; (Astronomy, mathematics) point

• pour aller d'un point à un autre to get from one place to another

   c. ( = position) (Aviation, nautical) position

• et maintenant, le point sur la grève des transports and now, the latest on the transport strike

   d. ( = marque) (Mus, morse, sur i) dot ; ( = ponctuation) full stop (Brit), period (US) ; ( = petite tache) spot

• mettre les points sur les i (figurative) to spell it out

• point, à la ligne new paragraph ; (figurative) full stop (Brit) period (US)

• tu n'iras pas, un point c'est tout you're not going and that's all there is to it

   e. (sur devoir) mark

• enlever un point par faute (sur devoir) to take a mark off for every mistake

• bon point good mark (for conduct etc) ; (figurative) plus

• mauvais point bad mark (for conduct etc) ; (figurative) minus

• c'est un bon point pour vous that's a point in your favour!

   f. [de couture, tricot] stitch

   g. (locutions) avoir des points communs to have things in common

• nous en sommes toujours au même point we're no further forward

► faire le point to take a bearing

• faire le point de la situation ( = examiner) to take stock of the situation ; ( = faire un compte rendu) to sum up the situation► à point [fruit] just ripe ; [fromage] just right for eating ; [viande] medium

• le rôti est cuit à point the roast is done to a turn► à point (nommé) [arriver, venir] just at the right moment

• cela tombe à point (nommé) that comes just at the right moment► à ce point, à tel point

• est-il possible d'être bête à ce point ! how stupid can you get? (inf)

• vous voyez à quel point il est généreux you see the extent of his generosity

• elles se ressemblent à tel point or à ce point qu'on pourrait les confondre they look so alike that you could easily mistake one for the other► au point [photo] in focus ; [affaire] completely settled ; [technique, machine] perfected

• ce n'est pas encore au point it isn't quite up to scratch yet► au point de + infinitif so much that

• il aimait le Québec au point d'y passer toutes ses vacances he loved Quebec so much that he spent all his holidays there

• tirer sur une corde au point de la casser to pull on a rope so hard that it breaks► au point que

• il se détestent au point qu'ils ne se parlent plus they hate each other so much that they've stopped speaking► au point où

• en être arrivé au point où... to have reached the point where...

• au point où nous en sommes considering the situation we're in

• on continue ? -- au point où on en est ! shall we go on? -- we've got this far so we might as well!► au plus haut point [détester, admirer] intensely

• se méfier au plus haut point de qch to be highly sceptical about sth► mettre au point [+ photo, caméra] to focus ; [+ stratégie, technique] to perfect ; [+ médicament, invention, système] to develop ; [+ projet] to finalize

• mettre une affaire au point avec qn to finalize all the details of a matter with sb► mise au point [d'appareil photo, caméra] focusing ; [de stratégie, technique] perfecting ; [de médicament, invention, système] development ; [de moteur] tuning ; [d'affaire, projet] finalizing ; ( = explication, correction) clarification

• publier une mise au point to issue a statement (setting the record straight)► en tout point, en tous points in every respect

► jusqu'à un certain point up to a point

► point par point point by point

► être sur le point de faire qch to be about to do sth

2. <

► point d'appui [de levier] fulcrum ; [de personne] support

• chercher un point d'appui to look for something to lean on ► points cardinaux cardinal points

► point chaud trouble spot

► point de chute

• vous avez un point de chute à Rome ? do you have somewhere to stay in Rome? ► point commun

• nous avons beaucoup de points communs we have a lot in common ► point de côté stitch

► point critique critical point

► point de croix cross-stitch

► point culminant [de montagne] peak ; [de carrière] height

► point de départ point of departure

• revenir à son point de départ to come back to where one started

• nous voilà revenus au point de départ so we're back to square one (inf) ► point de distribution [d'eau] supply point ; (Business) distribution outlet

► point de droit point of law

► point d'eau ( = source) watering place ; [de camping] water point

► point d'exclamation exclamation mark (Brit) or point (US)

► point faible weak point

► point final full stop (Brit), period (US)

► point fort strong point

► point d'honneur

• mettre un point d'honneur à faire qch to make it a point of honour to do sth ► point d'interrogation question mark

► point d'intersection point of intersection

► point de jersey stocking stitch

► point lumineux spot of light

► point mort (dans véhicule) neutral ; (Finance) break-even point

• au point mort [voiture] in neutral ; [de négociations, affaires] at a standstill ► point mousse garter stitch

► point névralgique (figurative) sensitive spot

► point noir ( = comédon) blackhead ; ( = problème) problem

► point de non-retour point of no return

► point de rassemblement meeting point

► point de ravitaillement (en nourriture) refreshment point ; (en essence) refuelling point

► points de retraite points based on social security contributions that count towards one's pension

► point sensible (sur la peau) tender spot ; (figurative) sore point

► point stratégique key point

► points de suspension suspension points ; (en dictant) dot, dot, dot

► point de suture stitch

• faire des points de suture à qch to stitch sth up ► point de vente sales outlet

• liste des points de vente list of retailers ► point de vue viewpoint ; (figurative) point of view

• du point de vue moral from a moral point of view

• quel est votre point de vue sur ce sujet ? what's your point of view on this matter?

* * *
pwɛ̃
1.

nom masculin

1) ( endroit) point

un point de rencontre — a meeting point

point de vente — (sales) outlet

2) ( situation) point; Nautisme position

être sur le point de faire — to be just about to do, to be on the point of doing

j'en suis toujours au même point (qu'hier/qu'il y a un an) — I'm still exactly where I was (yesterday/last year)

au point où j'en suis, ça n'a pas d'importance! — I've reached the point where it doesn't matter any more!

faire le point — Nautisme to take bearings; fig to take stock of the situation

3) ( degré)

il m'agace au plus haut point — he annoys me intensely

je ne le pensais pas bête à ce point — I didn't think he was that stupid

‘j'en aurais pleuré’ - ‘ah bon, à ce point?’ — ‘I could have cried’ - ‘really? it was that bad?’

si tu savais à quel point il m'agace! — if you only knew how much he annoys me!

au point que — to the extent that

à tel point que — to such an extent that

douloureux au point que — so painful that

il est têtu à un point! — (colloq) he's so incredibly stubborn!

jusqu'à un certain point — up to a (certain) point, to a certain extent

4) ( question particulière) point; ( dans un ordre du jour) item, point

un programme en trois points — a three-point plan

un point de détail — a minor point

en tout point, en tous points — in every respect ou way

5) ( marque visible) dot

un point de colle — a spot of glue

un point de rouille — a speck of rust

6) Jeux, Sport point

marquer/perdre des points — lit, fig to score/to lose points

compter les points — to keep (the) score

un point partout! — one all!

gagner aux points — to win on points

7) ( pour évaluer) mark GB, point US

avoir sept points d'avance/de retard — to be seven marks ahead/behind

obtenir or avoir 27 points sur 40 — to get 27 out of 40

être un bon point pour — to be a plus point for

être un mauvais point pour quelqu'un/quelque chose — to be a black mark against somebody/something

8) ( dans un système de calcul) point

la livre a perdu trois points — the pound lost three points

le permis à points — system whereby driving offender gets penalty points

9) Mathématique point

point d'intersection — point of intersection

10) Linguistique ( en ponctuation) full stop GB, period US

point à la ligne — ( dans une dictée) full stop, new paragraph

point final — ( dans une dictée) full stop

mettre un point final à quelque chose — fig to put a stop ou an end to something

je n'irai pas, point final! — (colloq) I'm not going, full stop GB ou period US!

tu vas te coucher un point c'est tout! — (colloq) you're going to bed and that's final!

11) Musique dot

12) ( en typographie) point

13) Médecine ( douleur) pain

avoir un point à l'aine — to have a pain in the groin

14) (en couture, tricot) stitch

faire un point à quelque chose — to put a few stitches in something

dentelle au point de Venise — Venetian lace

2.

(dated) adverbe not

tu ne tueras point — thou shalt not kill

3.

à point locution adverbiale

1) ( en temps voulu) just in time

à point nommé — just at the right moment

2) Culinaire

(cuit) à point — medium rare

le camembert est à point — the camembert is ready to eat

4.

au point locution

être au point — [système, machine] to be well designed; [spectacle] to be well put together

leur système n'est pas encore très au point — their system still needs some working on

le prototype n'est pas encore au point — the prototype isn't quite ready yet

mettre au point — ( élaborer) to perfect [système]; to work out, to devise [accord, plan]; to develop [vaccin, appareil]; ( régler) to adjust

finir de mettre quelque chose au point — to put the finishing touches to something

mise au point — ( de système) perfecting; ( de vaccin) development; ( réglage) adjusting; Photographie focus; fig ( déclaration) clarifying statement

faire la mise au point — Photographie to focus

faire une mise au point — fig to set the record straight ( sur about)

Phrasal Verbs:

- point d'ancrage

- point d'appui

- point d'attache

- point cardinal

- point chaud

- point de chute

- point commun

- point de côté

- point de départ

- point d'eau

- point d'exclamation

- point de fuite

- point de fusion

- point d'interrogation

- point du jour

- point de mire

- point mort

- point noir

- point d'orgue

- point de penalty

- point de repère

- point de suture

- point de vue

- points de suspension

••

être mal en point — to be in a bad way

* * *
pwɛ̃
1. nm

1) (= marque, signe) dot

2) [ponctuation] full stop Grande-Bretagne period USA

3) (= moment) point

à ce point de la conversation — at that point in the conversation

Nous en sommes au même point. — We have reached the same point.

à point (nommé) — just at the right time

être sur le point de faire — to be just about to do

J'étais sur le point de te téléphoner. — I was just about to phone you.

4) (= degré)

à ce point (avec adjectif) — so

à ce point abîmé que... — so damaged that...

au point que; à tel point que — so much so that

5) (au score) point

6) (= aspect) point

Je ne suis pas d'accord sur ce point. — I don't agree on this point.

en tout point — in every respect

7) (= endroit) spot, point, (en géométrie) point

point de départ — point of departure

point d'arrivée — arrival point

8) COUTURE, TRICOT stitch

point de croix — cross stitch

point de tige — stem stitch

point de chaînette — chain stitch

point mousse — garter stitch, plain

point jersey — purl

9) CUISINE

à point (= bien mûr) — just right, (viande) medium

"Comment voulez-vous votre steak?" — "À point." — "How would you like your steak?" — "Medium."

10) (autres locutions)

faire le point NAVIGATION — to take a bearing, figto take stock

faire le point sur — to review, to take stock of

mettre au point [mécanisme, procédé] — to develop, [appareil-photo] to focus

2. adv

lit (= pas) not

point n'est besoin de... — there is no need to...

point de... — no...

il n'est point de liberté sans contraintes — there is no freedom without constraints

3. vb

See:

poindre

* * *

point ⇒ Les points cardinaux

A nm

1 ( endroit) point; un point précis du globe/sur une carte a particular point on the earth/on a map; un point de ravitaillement/ralliement a staging/rallying point; un point de rencontre a meeting point; point de vente (sales) outlet; serrure 3 points 3 point lock;

2 ( situation) point; Naut position; être sur le point de faire to be just about to do, to be on the point of doing; j'étais sur le point de leur dire/d'abandonner/de partir I was just about to tell them/to give up/to leave, I was on the point of telling them/giving up/leaving; j'en suis toujours au même point (qu'hier/qu'il y a un an) I'm still exactly where I was (yesterday/last year); au point où j'en suis, ça n'a pas d'importance! I've reached the point where it doesn't matter any more!; il en est au point où il allume une cigarette en se levant he's got GB ou gotten US to the stage ou point where he lights a cigarette as soon as he gets up; faire le point Naut to take bearings; fig to take stock of the situation; faire le point sur la situation économique/sur la recherche scientifique fig to take stock of the economic situation/of scientific research; faire le point sur la circulation (routière)/l'actualité to give an up-to-the-minute report on the traffic news/current situation;

3 ( degré) il m'agace/m'inquiète au plus haut point he annoys me/worries me intensely; la circulation était à ce point bloquée que j'ai dû laisser ma voiture au bord de la route the traffic was so bad that I had to leave my car on the side of the road; je ne le pensais pas bête/coléreux à ce point I didn't think he was that stupid/quick-tempered; ‘j'en aurais pleuré’-‘ah bon, à ce point?’ ‘I could have cried’-‘really? it was that bad?’; je sais à quel point elle est triste/sensible I know how sad/sensitive she is; si tu savais à quel point il m'agace! if you only knew how much he annoys me!; au point que to the extent that; à tel point que to such an extent that…; douloureux/endommagé à (un) tel or au point que so painful/badly damaged that; la situation s'est aggravée au point qu'ils ont dû appeler la police the situation became so bad that the police had to be called in; le temps s'est rafraîchi au point qu'il a fallu remettre le chauffage the weather got so cold that the heating had to be put back on; il est têtu à un point! he's so incredibly stubborn!; jusqu'à un certain point up to a (certain) point, to a certain extent;

4 ( question particulière) point; ( dans un ordre du jour) item, point; un programme en trois points a three-point plan; un point fondamental/de détail (d'un texte) a basic/minor point (in a text); sur ce point on this point; j'aimerais revenir sur ce dernier point I would like to come back to that last point; un point de désaccord/litige a point of disagreement/contention; reprendre un texte point par point to go over a text point by point; en tout point, en tous points in every respect ou way; une politique en tous points désastreuse a policy that is disastrous in every respect; les deux modèles sont semblables en tous points the two models are alike in every respect;

5 ( marque visible) gén dot; les villes sont marquées par un point towns are marked by a dot; il y a un point sur le i et le j there's a dot on the i and the j; un point lumineux/rouge dans le lointain a light/a red dot in the distance; bientôt, le navire ne fut qu'un point à l'horizon soon, the ship was a mere dot ou speck on the horizon; un point de colle a spot of glue; un point de rouille a speck of rust; points de graissage lubricating points; ⇒ i;

6 Jeux, Sport point; marquer/perdre des points lit, fig to score/lose points; compter les points to keep (the) score; un point partout! one all!; battre son adversaire aux points to beat one's opponent on points; remporter une victoire aux points to win on points;

7 ( pour évaluer) mark GB, point US; avoir sept points d'avance to be seven marks ahead; avoir dix points de retard to be ten marks behind; il m'a manqué trois points pour réussir I failed by three marks; enlever un point par faute to take a mark off for each mistake; obtenir or avoir 27 points sur 40 to get 27 out of 40; être un bon point pour to be a plus point for; être un mauvais point pour qn/qch to be a black mark against sb/sth;

8 ( dans un système de calcul) point; la livre a perdu trois points the pound lost three points; le taux de chômage a augmenté de 0,8 points the unemployment rate rose by 0.8 points; le permis à points system whereby driving offender gets penalty points; il a perdu sept points dans les sondages he's gone down seven points in the polls;

9 Math point; point d'intersection/d'inflexion point of intersection/of inflection;

10 Ling ( en ponctuation) full stop GB, period US; mettre un point to put a full stop; point à la ligne ( dans une dictée) full stop, new paragraph; point final ( dans une dictée) full stop; mettre un point final à qch fig to put a stop ou an end to sth; je n'irai pas, point final○! I'm not going, full stop GB ou period US!; tu vas te coucher un point c'est tout○! you're going to bed and that's final!;

11 Mus dot;

12 Imprim point;

13 Méd ( douleur) pain; avoir un point à la poitrine/à l'aine to have a pain in the chest/in the groin;

14 (en couture, tricot) stitch; faire un point à qch to put a few stitches in sth; dentelle au point de Venise Venetian lace.

B †adv not; tu ne tueras point Bible thou shalt not kill; je n'en ai point I don't have any; ‘tu es fâché?’-‘non point!’ ‘are you angry?’-‘not at all’.

C à point loc adv venir/arriver à point to come/arrive just in time; venir/arriver or tomber à point nommé to come/arrive just at the right moment; faire cuire à point to cook [sth] medium rare [viande]; bifteck (cuit) à point medium rare steak; le camembert est à point the camembert is ready to eat.

D au point loc adv, loc adj être au point [système, méthode, machine] to be well designed; [spectacle, émission] to be well put together; leur système/machine/spectacle n'est pas encore très au point their system/machine/show still needs some working on; le nouveau modèle est très au point the new model is very well designed; le spectacle n'était pas du tout au point the show wasn't up to scratch; le prototype n'est pas encore au point the prototype isn't quite ready yet; ça fait des semaines qu'ils répètent mais leur numéro n'est pas encore au point they've been rehearsing for weeks but they still haven't got GB ou gotten US it quite right; je ne suis pas au point pour les examens I'm not ready for the exams; mettre [qch] au point ( inventer) to perfect [théorie, système, méthode, technique]; to work out, to devise [accord, plan de paix, stratégie]; to develop [vaccin, médicament, appareil]; ( régler) to adjust [machine, mécanisme]; il leur reste deux semaines pour finir de mettre leur spectacle au point they've got two more weeks to put the finishing touches to their show; mettre au point sur qch Phot to focus on sth; mise au point Phot focus; fig ( déclaration) clarifying statement; la mise au point est automatique sur mon appareil my camera has automatic focus; faire la mise au point Phot to focus (sur on); faire une mise au point fig to set the record straight (sur about); mise au point ( invention) (de théorie, système, méthode, technique) perfecting; (de médicament, vaccin) development; ( réglage) (de machine, mécanisme) adjusting; Phot focus.

Composés

point d'acupuncture Méd acupuncture point; point d'ancrage Aut anchor; fig base; point d'appui Mil base of operations; Phys fulcrum; gén support; les piliers servent de point d'appui à la charpente the roof structure is supported by the pillars; trouver un point d'appui à une échelle to find a support for a ladder; point arrière Cout back stitch; point d'attache base; point de bâti Cout tacking stitch; point blanc whitehead; point de blé ( en tricot) double moss stitch; point de boutonnière Cout buttonhole stitch; point cardinal Phys, Géog compass ou cardinal point; point de chaînette ( en broderie) chain stitch; point de chausson ( en broderie) herringbone stitch; point chaud trouble ou hot spot; les points chauds du globe the world's trouble spots; point de chute fig port of call; point commun mutual interest; nous avons beaucoup de points communs we have a lot in common; ils n'ont aucun point commun they have nothing in common; point de congestion† Méd slight congestion of the lung; point de côtes ( en tricot) rib; point de côté ( douleur) stitch; ( en couture) slip stitch; avoir un point de côté to have a stitch in one's side; point de croix ( en broderie) cross stitch; point de départ lit, fig starting point; nous revoilà à notre point de départ fig we're back to square one; point de devant Cout running stitch; point d'eau ( naturel) watering place; ( robinet) water tap GB ou faucet US; point d'ébullition boiling point; point d'épine ( en broderie) featherstitch; point d'exclamation Ling exclamation mark; point faible weak point; point de feston ( en broderie) blanket stitch; point fort strong point; point de fuite Art, Archit vanishing point; point de fusion melting point; point G G-spot; point d'interrogation Ling question mark; point de jersey ( en tricot) stocking stitch; point du jour daybreak; au point du jour at daybreak; point de liquéfaction liquefaction point; point de mire Mil target; fig focal point; point mousse ( en tricot) garter stitch; point mort Aut neutral; se mettre or passer/être au point mort Aut to put the car into/to be in neutral; être au point mort fig [affaires, consommation] to be at a standstill; [négociations] to be in a state of deadlock; point noir ( comédon) blackhead; ( problème) problem; ( sur la route) blackspot; l'inflation reste le seul point noir inflation is the only problem; point de non-retour point of no return; point d'orgue Mus pause sign; fig culmination; point d'ourlet Cout hemstitch; point de penalty penalty spot; point de piqûre Cout back stitch; point de presse Journ press briefing; point de repère ( spatial) landmark; (temporel, personnel) point of reference; point de reprise Cout darning stitch; point de retraite Prot Soc point which counts towards a retirement pension scheme; point de riz ( en tricot) moss stitch; point de surfil Cout whipstitch; point de suture Méd stitch; point de tige ( en broderie) stem stitch; point de torsade ( en tricot) cable stitch; point de vue ( paysage) viewpoint; ( opinion) point of view; du point de vue de la direction from the management's point of view; du point de vue de l'efficacité/du sens as far as efficiency/meaning is concerned; d'un point de vue économique c'est rentable/intéressant from a financial point of view it's profitable/attractive; points de suspension suspension points.

Idiome

être mal en point to be in a bad way.

I

[pwɛ̃] adverbe

(littéraire)

1. [en corrélation avec 'ne']

je ne l'ai point encore vu I haven't seen him yet

point n'est besoin de there's no need to

2. [employé seul]

du vin il y en avait, mais de champagne point there was wine, but no champagne ou not a drop of champagne

il eut beau chercher, point de John he searched in vain, John was nowhere to be found

point de démocratie sans liberté de critiquer (there can be) no democracy without the freedom to criticize

3. [en réponse négative]

point du tout! not at all!, not in the least!

II

[pwɛ̃] nom masculin

1. [marque] point, dot, spot

[sur un dé, un domino] pip, spot

un corsage à petits points bleus a blouse with blue polka dots

la voiture n'était plus qu'un point à l'horizon the car was now no more than a speck on the horizon

point lumineux spot ou point of light

point de rouille speck ou spot of rust

2. [petite quantité] spot, dab, blob

un point de soudure a spot ou blob of solder

3. [symbole graphique - en fin de phrase] full stop (UK), period (US) ; [ - sur un i ou un j] dot ; [ - en morse, en musique] dot

MATHÉMATIQUES point

point d'exclamation exclamation mark ou (US) point

point d'interrogation (sens propre & figuré) question mark

points de suspension ellipsis, suspension points (US)

point final full stop (UK), period (US) (at the end of a piece of text)

j'ai dit non, point final ou un point c'est tout! (figuré) I said no and that's that ou that's final ou there's an end to it!

mettre un point final à une discussion to terminate a discussion, to bring a discussion to an end

point, à la ligne! (sens propre) new paragraph!

il a fait une bêtise, point à la ligne! (figuré) he did something stupid, let's leave it at that!

4. AÉRONAUTIQUE & NAUTIQUE [position] position

point estimé/observé estimated/observed position

point fixe run-up

faire le point

a. NAUTIQUE to take a bearing, to plot one's position

b. (figuré) to take stock (of the situation)

à 40 ans, on s'arrête et on fait le point when you reach 40, you stand back and take stock of your life

et maintenant, le point sur la circulation and now, the latest traffic news

5. GÉOMÉTRIE point

point d'intersection/de tangence intersection/tangential point

6. [endroit] point, spot, place

en plusieurs points de la planète in different places ou spots on the planet

point de contrôle checkpoint

point névralgique

a. MÉDECINE nerve centre

b. (figuré) sensitive spot

point de rencontre meeting point

point de vente retail outlet

7. [douleur] twinge, sharp pain

MÉDECINE pressure point

j'ai un point au poumon I can feel a twinge (of pain) in my chest

point de côté stitch

8. [moment, stade] point, stage

à ce point de la discussion at this point in the discussion

les pourparlers en sont toujours au même point the negotiations haven't got any further

9. [degré] point

porter quelque chose à son plus haut point to carry something to extremes

si tu savais à quel point je te méprise! if you only knew how much I despise you!

il est radin, mais à un point! (familier) you wouldn't believe how tightfisted he is!

point de saturation (sens propre & figuré) saturation point

10. [élément - d'un texte, d'une théorie] point ; [ - d'un raisonnement] point, item ; [ - d'une description] feature, trait

le second point à l'ordre du jour the second item on the agenda

un programme social en trois points a three-point social programme

voici un point d'histoire que je souhaiterais éclaircir I'd like to make clear what happened at that particular point in history

point d'entente/de désaccord point of agreement/of disagreement

point commun common feature

nous n'avons aucun point commun we have nothing in common

un point de droit DROIT a point of law

11. [unité de valeur - dans un sondage, à la Bourse] point ; [ - de retraite] unit ; [ - du salaire de base] (grading) point

ÉDUCATION mark (UK), point

JEUX & SPORT point

sa cote de popularité a gagné/perdu trois points his popularity rating has gone up/down by three points

il me manquait 12 points pour avoir l'examen I was 12 marks short of passing the exam

battu aux points [en boxe] beaten on points

faire le point [le gagner] to win the point

bon point

a. ÉDUCATION [image] cardboard card or picture given to schoolchildren as a reward

b. [appréciation] mark (for good behaviour)

un bon point pour toi! (figuré & humoristique) good on (UK) ou for you!, you get a brownie point!

mauvais point ÉDUCATION black mark (against somebody's name)

un mauvais point pour toi! (figuré & humoristique) go to the back of the class!

marquer un point (sens propre & figuré) to score a point

12. COUTURE

faire un point à to put a stitch ou a few stitches in

bâtir à grands points to tack

point de couture/crochet/tricot sewing/crochet/knitting stitch

point de jersey stocking stitch

point mousse garter stitch

point de riz moss stitch

petit point: tapisserie au petit point petit point tapestry

13. INFORMATIQUE [unité graphique] dot

[emplacement]

point d'accès/de retour entry/reentry point

14. ART & JOAILLERIE point

————————

à ce point, à un tel point locution adverbiale

[tellement] so, that

ton travail est dur à ce point? is your job so (very) ou that hard?

j'en ai tellement assez que je vais démissionner — à ce point? I'm so fed up that I'm going to resign — that bad, is it?

————————

à ce point que, à (un) tel point que locution conjonctive

so much so that, to such a point that

les choses en étaient arrivées à un tel point que... things had reached such a pitch that...

elle est déprimée, à ce point qu'elle ne veut plus voir personne she's so depressed that she won't see anyone anymore

————————

à point locution adjectivale

[steak] medium

[rôti] done to a turn

[fromage] ripe, just right

[poire] just ou nicely ripe

ton bonhomme est à point, tu n'as plus qu'à enregistrer ses aveux (familier & figuré) your man's nice and ready now, all you've got to do is get the confession down on tape

————————

à point locution adverbiale

1. CUISINE

le gâteau est cuit à point the cake is cooked (through)

2. [au bon moment]

tomber à point

a. [personne] to come (just) at the right time

b. [arrivée, décision] to be very timely

————————

à point nommé locution adverbiale

arriver à point nommé to arrive (just) at the right moment ou when needed, to arrive in the nick of time

au plus haut point locution adverbiale

[énervé, généreux, irrespectueux] extremely, most

[méfiant] highly, extremely

je le respecte au plus haut point I have the utmost respect for him

je le déteste au plus haut point I can't tell you how much I hate him, I absolutely loathe him

elle m'inquiète au plus haut point I'm really worried about her

————————

au point locution adjectivale

PHOTOGRAPHIE in focus

[moteur] tuned

[machine] in perfect running order

[technique] perfected

[discours, plaidoyer] finalized

[spectacle, artiste] ready

ton revers n'est pas encore au point your backhand isn't good enough ou up to scratch yet

le son/l'image n'est pas au point the sound/the image isn't right

quand ma technique sera au point when I've perfected my technique

mon texte n'est pas encore au point I haven't finished my text yet

————————

au point locution adverbiale

mettre au point

a. [texte à imprimer] to edit

b. [discours, projet, rapport] to finalize, to put the finishing touches to

c. [spectacle] to perfect

d. [moteur] to tune

e. [appareil photo] to (bring into) focus

f. [affaire] to settle, to finalize

mettre les choses au point to put ou set the record straight

mettons les choses au point: je refuse de travailler le dimanche let's get this ou things straight: I refuse to work Sundays

après cette discussion, j'ai tenu à mettre les choses au point following that discussion, I insisted on putting ou setting the record straight

tu devrais mettre les choses au point avec lui you should sort things out between you

————————

au point de locution prépositionnelle

méticuleux au point d'en être agaçant meticulous to the point of being exasperating

il n'est pas stupide au point de le leur répéter he's not so stupid as to tell them

————————

au point du jour locution adverbiale

(littéraire) at dawn ou daybreak

au point où locution conjonctive

nous sommes arrivés au point où... we've reached the point ou stage where...

au point où j'en suis, autant que je continue having got this far, I might as well carry on

au point où en sont les choses as things stand, the way things are (now)

————————

au point que locution conjonctive

so much that, so... that

il était très effrayé, au point qu'il a essayé de se sauver he was so frightened that he tried to run away

point par point locution adverbiale

point by point

sur le point de locution prépositionnelle

être sur le point de faire quelque chose to be about to do ou on the point of doing ou on the verge of doing something

j'étais sur le point de partir I was about to ou going to leave

sur le point de pleurer on the verge of tears ou of crying

————————

point d'ancrage nom masculin

1. AUTOMOBILE seat-belt anchorage

2. (figuré) cornerstone

————————

point d'appui nom masculin

1. [d'un levier] fulcrum

2. MILITAIRE strongpoint

3. (figuré) [soutien] support

point de chute nom masculin

1. ARMEMENT point of impact

2. (figuré)

j'ai un point de chute à Milan I have somewhere to stay in Milan

————————

point culminant nom masculin

ASTRONOMIE zenith

GÉOGRAPHIE peak, summit, highest point, (figuré) acme, apex

quel est le point culminant des Alpes? what is the highest point ou peak in the Alps?

les investissements sont à leur point culminant investment has reached a peak

point de départ nom masculin

starting point

nous voilà revenus au point de départ (sens propre & figuré) now we're back where we started

————————

point faible nom masculin

weak spot

son point faible, c'est sa susceptibilité his touchiness is his weak spot ou point

————————

point fort nom masculin

[d'une personne, d'une entreprise] strong point

[d'un joueur de tennis] best shot

les maths n'ont jamais été mon point fort I was never any good at maths, maths was never my strong point

————————

point mort nom masculin

AUTOMOBILE

neutral

au point mort

a. AUTOMOBILE in neutral

b. (figuré) at a standstill

————————

point noir nom masculin

1. MÉDECINE blackhead

2. [difficulté] difficulty, headache (figuré)

un point noir de la circulation

a. [encombré] a heavily congested area

b. [dangereux] an accident blackspot

————————

point sensible nom masculin

1. [endroit douloureux] tender ou sore spot

2. MILITAIRE key ou strategic target

3. (figuré)

toucher un point sensible

a. [chez quelqu'un] to touch on a sore spot

b. [dans un problème] to touch on a sensitive area

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > point

14 certain

['sɜːtn] 1.
aggettivo

1) (sure, definite) certo, sicuro ( about, of di)

I'm certain of it — ne sono certo

I'm certain that — sono sicuro che

of that you can be certain — di quello puoi star sicuro

I'm certain that I checked — sono sicura di aver controllato

she's not certain that you'll be able to do it — non è convinta che tu sarai in grado di farlo

to make certain — accertare, assicurare

to make certain of — assicurarsi [cooperation, support]; accertare, verificare [facts, details]

to make certain to do — assicurarsi di fare

to make certain that — (ascertain) accertarsi o assicurarsi che; (ensure) sincerarsi che

he's certain to be there — è sicuro che ci sarà

the strike seems certain to continue — sembra sicuro che lo sciopero continui

I know for certain that — so per certo che

be certain to tell him that — non dimenticare di dirgli che

nobody knows for certain — nessuno lo sa con certezza

I can't say for certain — non posso dirlo con sicurezza

2) (assured, guaranteed) [death, defeat] certo, sicuro; [ success] assicurato, garantito

to be certain of doing — essere certo di fare

he's certain to agree — è cosa certa che sarà d'accordo

the changes are certain to provoke anger — i cambiamenti susciteranno sicuramente rabbia

to my certain knowledge — per quanto ne so, a quanto mi consta

I let him do it in the certain knowledge that he would fail — glielo lasciai fare sapendo per certo che non sarebbe riuscito

3) (specific) [amount, number] certo, dato, stabilito

on certain conditions — a determinate condizioni

4) (slight) [shyness, difficulty] certo

to a certain extent o degree in una certa (qual) misura, fino a un certo punto; a certain amount of time — un po' di tempo
2.
pronome

certain of our members, friends — alcuni dei nostri soci, amici

* * *
['sə:tn] 1. adjective
1) (true or without doubt: It's certain that the world is round.) certo, indubbio

2) (sure: I'm certain he'll come; He is certain to forget; Being late is a certain way of losing one's job.) sicuro

3) (one or some, not definitely named: certain doctors; a certain Mrs Smith; (also pronoun) certain of his friends.) certo; qualche, qualcuno

4) (slight; some: a certain hostility in his manner; a certain amount.) certo

•

- certainly
2. interjection
(of course: `May I borrow your typewriter?' `Certainly!'; `Certainly not!') certo!; no di certo!

- certainty
- for certain
- make certain
* * *
['sɜːtn] 1.
aggettivo

1) (sure, definite) certo, sicuro ( about, of di)

I'm certain of it — ne sono certo

I'm certain that — sono sicuro che

of that you can be certain — di quello puoi star sicuro

I'm certain that I checked — sono sicura di aver controllato

she's not certain that you'll be able to do it — non è convinta che tu sarai in grado di farlo

to make certain — accertare, assicurare

to make certain of — assicurarsi [cooperation, support]; accertare, verificare [facts, details]

to make certain to do — assicurarsi di fare

to make certain that — (ascertain) accertarsi o assicurarsi che; (ensure) sincerarsi che

he's certain to be there — è sicuro che ci sarà

the strike seems certain to continue — sembra sicuro che lo sciopero continui

I know for certain that — so per certo che

be certain to tell him that — non dimenticare di dirgli che

nobody knows for certain — nessuno lo sa con certezza

I can't say for certain — non posso dirlo con sicurezza

2) (assured, guaranteed) [death, defeat] certo, sicuro; [ success] assicurato, garantito

to be certain of doing — essere certo di fare

he's certain to agree — è cosa certa che sarà d'accordo

the changes are certain to provoke anger — i cambiamenti susciteranno sicuramente rabbia

to my certain knowledge — per quanto ne so, a quanto mi consta

I let him do it in the certain knowledge that he would fail — glielo lasciai fare sapendo per certo che non sarebbe riuscito

3) (specific) [amount, number] certo, dato, stabilito

on certain conditions — a determinate condizioni

4) (slight) [shyness, difficulty] certo

to a certain extent o degree in una certa (qual) misura, fino a un certo punto; a certain amount of time — un po' di tempo
2.
pronome

certain of our members, friends — alcuni dei nostri soci, amici

English-Italian dictionary > certain

15 solidarizar

v.

to make jointly liable, to make jointly and severally liable.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

solidarizar CON alguien — to support somebody
2.
solidarizarse v pron

solidarizarse CON alguien — to support somebody

se solidarizaron con los mineros en huelga — they gave their support to the striking miners

solidarizarse con algo — to support something, to back something

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

solidarizar CON alguien — to support somebody
2.
solidarizarse v pron

solidarizarse CON alguien — to support somebody

se solidarizaron con los mineros en huelga — they gave their support to the striking miners

solidarizarse con algo — to support something, to back something

* * *

solidarizar [A4 ]

vi

solidarizar CON algn to support sb

solidarizamos con los obreros en huelga we are in solidarity with o we support the striking workers

■ solidarizarse

v pron

solidarizarse CON algn to support sb

se solidarizaron con los mineros en huelga they declared their solidarity with o support for o backing for the striking miners

nos solidarizamos con esa opinión we support o back that view

* * *

solidarizar ( conjugate solidarizar) verbo intransitivo solidarizar CON algn to support sb
solidarizarse verbo pronominal solidarizarse CON algn to support sb;
solidarizarse con algo to support sth, to back sth

* * *

solidarizar

♦ vt

to make jointly responsible o liable

♦ See also the pronominal verb solidarizarse

* * *

solidarizar {21} vi

: to be in solidarity

solidarizamos con la huelga: we support the strike

Spanish-English dictionary > solidarizar

16 comercio

m.

1 trade.

comercio de pieles fur trade

libre comercio free trade

comercio electrónico (computing) e-commerce

comercio exterior/interior foreign/domestic trade

comercio justo fair trade

2 shop, store (tienda).

3 shops (British), stores (United States).

el comercio cierra mañana por ser festivo the shops o (British) stores are closed tomorrow because it's a holiday (United States)

4 commerce, trade, dealing, business.

5 commercial institution, business, business establishment, commerce.

6 place of business, shop.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: comerciar.

* * *

comercio

► nombre masculino

1 (ocupación) commerce, trade

2 (tienda) shop, store

3 figurado (trato sexual) dealings plural, intercourse

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

comercio al por mayor wholesale trade

comercio al por menor retail trade

comercio exterior foreign trade

libre comercio free trade

* * *

noun m.

1) commerce, trade

2) store

* * *

SM

1) (=actividad) trade, commerce

medidas para favorecer el comercio con Francia — measures to promote trade o commerce with France

defensores del libre comercio — champions of free trade

el comercio de textiles — the textile trade

comercio de exportación — export trade

comercio de importación — import trade

comercio E, comercio electrónico — e-commerce

comercio exterior — foreign trade

comercio interior — domestic trade

comercio internacional — international trade

comercio justo — (Com) fair trade

comercio minorista — retail trade
cámara 1., 3)
2) (=tienda) shop, store (EEUU)

¿a qué hora cierran hoy los comercios? — what time do the shops o stores close today?

ha comenzado la huelga del comercio — the shopkeepers' o (EEUU) storekeepers' strike has started

3) (=intercambio)

comercio carnal — sexual intercourse

comercio social — social intercourse

* * *

masculino

a) ( actividad) trade

el mundo del comercio — the world of commerce

el comercio de armas/pieles — the arms/fur trade

b) ( tiendas)

hoy cierra el comercio — the stores (AmE) o (BrE) shops are closed today

c) ( tienda) store (AmE), shop (BrE)

- comercio carnal

- comercio exterior/interior

* * *

= business [businesses, -pl.], commerce, shop, store, trade, trading, retailer, commercial outlet, merchandising, trafficking, traffic, parlour [parlor, -USA].

Ex. The treatise arose from Kaiser's work in indexing information relating to business and industry.

Ex. Non-bibliographic data bases are particularly used for businesses and industry to extract information in the fields of business, economics, trade and commerce.

Ex. In strong contrast to, say, television sets and instant coffee, where the consumer may save by shopping around, there is no advantage to be gained by going to one shop rather than another for a book so far as price is concerned.

Ex. The cheapest of these machines costs under $100 and they can be bought in stores, supermarkets and by mail-order.

Ex. Non-bibliographic data bases are particularly used for businesses and industry to extract information in the fields of business, economics, trade and commerce.

Ex. The detailed analysis of the figures of turnover for 1979 give only a cross-sectional analysis of one year's trading.

Ex. Nowadays there is a clear three-part division of the book trade into publishers, wholesalers, printers, and retailers, but in the hand-press period the functions of book traders overlapped to a much greater extent.

Ex. People do not come to the public library for alternative material to the high street commercial outlet.

Ex. Another main trend emerging is merchandising, where the public library is set up in a similar way to a retail store with items on sale.

Ex. The author calls for state and federal laws to make the trafficking in fraudulently obtained subscriber IDs and Passwords.

Ex. She wrote for the daily press on the manners and morals of society, on the plight of London's working women and children, and on the international traffic in women.

Ex. This article focuses especially on cultural practices that encourage reading in social settings, including the school, Sunday school, public library, and domestic parlour.

----

* Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

* cadena de comercios = retail chain.

* cajero de comercio = checkout cashier.

* cámara de comercio = chamber of commerce.

* comercio agrícola = agribusiness.

* comercio de armas = arms trade.

* comercio de drogas = drug trade.

* comercio de esclavos = slave trade.

* comercio de la música = music trade.

* comercio del libro = bookselling [book selling], book trade [booktrade].

* comercio del libro, el = book business, the.

* comercio de pieles = fur trade.

* comercio electrónico = electronic commerce (e-commerce), electronic business (e-business), online business.

* comercio en línea = online business.

* comercio exterior = foreign trade.

* comercio internacional = world trade, international trade, international business.

* comercio justo = fair trade.

* comercio sexual = sex trade.

* Comisión Federal de Comercio = Federal Trade Commission.

* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).

* directivo del comercio minorista = retail executive.

* EFTA, la (Asociación Europea para el Libre Comercio) = EFTA (European Free Trade Association).

* libre comercio = free trade, free movement of goods.

* Ministerio de Comercio = Department of Trade.

* Ministerio de Comercio e Industria = Department of Trade and Industry.

* mundo del comercio del libro = book-trade life.

* Oficina para el Mejor Comercio = Better Business Bureau.

* Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).

* paso del comercio = flow of commerce.

* * *

masculino

a) ( actividad) trade

el mundo del comercio — the world of commerce

el comercio de armas/pieles — the arms/fur trade

b) ( tiendas)

hoy cierra el comercio — the stores (AmE) o (BrE) shops are closed today

c) ( tienda) store (AmE), shop (BrE)

- comercio carnal

- comercio exterior/interior

* * *

= business [businesses, -pl.], commerce, shop, store, trade, trading, retailer, commercial outlet, merchandising, trafficking, traffic, parlour [parlor, -USA].

Ex: The treatise arose from Kaiser's work in indexing information relating to business and industry.

Ex: Non-bibliographic data bases are particularly used for businesses and industry to extract information in the fields of business, economics, trade and commerce.

Ex: In strong contrast to, say, television sets and instant coffee, where the consumer may save by shopping around, there is no advantage to be gained by going to one shop rather than another for a book so far as price is concerned.

Ex: The cheapest of these machines costs under $100 and they can be bought in stores, supermarkets and by mail-order.

Ex: Non-bibliographic data bases are particularly used for businesses and industry to extract information in the fields of business, economics, trade and commerce.

Ex: The detailed analysis of the figures of turnover for 1979 give only a cross-sectional analysis of one year's trading.

Ex: Nowadays there is a clear three-part division of the book trade into publishers, wholesalers, printers, and retailers, but in the hand-press period the functions of book traders overlapped to a much greater extent.

Ex: People do not come to the public library for alternative material to the high street commercial outlet.

Ex: Another main trend emerging is merchandising, where the public library is set up in a similar way to a retail store with items on sale.

Ex: The author calls for state and federal laws to make the trafficking in fraudulently obtained subscriber IDs and Passwords.

Ex: She wrote for the daily press on the manners and morals of society, on the plight of London's working women and children, and on the international traffic in women.

Ex: This article focuses especially on cultural practices that encourage reading in social settings, including the school, Sunday school, public library, and domestic parlour.

* Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

* cadena de comercios = retail chain.

* cajero de comercio = checkout cashier.

* cámara de comercio = chamber of commerce.

* comercio agrícola = agribusiness.

* comercio de armas = arms trade.

* comercio de drogas = drug trade.

* comercio de esclavos = slave trade.

* comercio de la música = music trade.

* comercio del libro = bookselling [book selling], book trade [booktrade].

* comercio del libro, el = book business, the.

* comercio de pieles = fur trade.

* comercio electrónico = electronic commerce (e-commerce), electronic business (e-business), online business.

* comercio en línea = online business.

* comercio exterior = foreign trade.

* comercio internacional = world trade, international trade, international business.

* comercio justo = fair trade.

* comercio sexual = sex trade.

* Comisión Federal de Comercio = Federal Trade Commission.

* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).

* directivo del comercio minorista = retail executive.

* EFTA, la (Asociación Europea para el Libre Comercio) = EFTA (European Free Trade Association).

* libre comercio = free trade, free movement of goods.

* Ministerio de Comercio = Department of Trade.

* Ministerio de Comercio e Industria = Department of Trade and Industry.

* mundo del comercio del libro = book-trade life.

* Oficina para el Mejor Comercio = Better Business Bureau.

* Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).

* paso del comercio = flow of commerce.

* * *

comercio

masculine

1 (actividad) trade

durante este período se desarrolló el comercio entre los dos países during this period trade between the two countries developed

el mundo del comercio the world of commerce, the business world

el comercio de armas/pieles the arms/fur trade

libre¹ (↑ libre (1))

2

(conjunto de establecimientos): hoy cierra el comercio the stores ( AmE) o ( BrE) shops are closed today

el comercio no secundó la huelga the storekeepers ( AmE) o ( BrE) shopkeepers did not support the strike

3 (tienda) store ( AmE), shop ( BrE)

Compuestos:

● comercio carnal

sexual intercourse

● comercio electrónico

e-commerce

● comercio exterior

foreign trade

● comercio interior

domestic trade

● comercio justo

( Econ) fair trade

* * *

Del verbo comerciar: ( conjugate comerciar)

comercio es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

comerció es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
comerciar
comercio
comerciar ( conjugate comerciar) verbo intransitivo
to trade, do business;
comercio en algo to trade o deal in sth
comercio sustantivo masculino
a) ( actividad) trade;

◊ el comercio de armas the arms trade;

el mundo del comercio the world of commerce
b) ( tiendas):

◊ hoy cierra el comercio the stores (AmE) o (BrE) shops are closed today

c) ( tienda) store (AmE), shop (BrE)

comerciar verbo intransitivo to trade: comercian con antigüedades, they trade in antiques
comercio sustantivo masculino
1 (establecimiento) shop
2 (relación) commerce, trade
comercio exterior, foreign trade
comercio interior, domestic trade
' comercio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cámara
- cambiar
- interior
- libertad
- local
- minorista
- mostrador
- mundial
- recaudación
- red
- rótulo
- abierto
- abrir
- cerrar
- cuenta
- exterior
- falluca
- impulsar
- impulso
- liberalizar
- libre
- marítimo
- propietario
- subdirector
- sucursal
English:
arm's length
- brisk
- business
- Chamber of Commerce
- commerce
- develop
- development
- DTI
- embargo
- export
- free trade
- FTC
- overseas
- promote
- promotion
- slave-trade
- trade
- trading
- trading nation
- wholesale trade
- chamber
- e-commerce
- free
- good
- shop

* * *

comercio nm

1. [de productos] trade;

comercio de aceite/esclavos oil/slave trade;

libre comercio free trade

Comp
Informát comercio electrónico e-commerce;
comercio exterior foreign trade;

comercio interior domestic trade;

comercio internacional international trade;

comercio justo fair trade

2. [actividad] business, commerce

Comp
comercio mayorista wholesale trade;
comercio minorista retail trade

3. [tienda] shop, store

Comp
comercio on-line o en línea on-line shop
4. [conjunto de tiendas] Br shops, US stores;

el comercio cierra mañana por ser festivo the Br shops o US stores are closed tomorrow because it's a holiday

* * *

comercio

m

1 actividad trade; fig

dealings pl ;

libre comercio free trade

2 local store, shop

* * *

comercio nm

1) : commerce, trade

2) negocio: business, place of business

* * *

comercio n

1. (negocio) trade

el comercio de los automóviles the car trade

2. (tienda) shop

algunos comercios cierran los sábados por la tarde some shops shut on Saturday afternoons

3. (conjunto de tiendas) shops

el comercio del centro the shops in the town centre

Spanish-English dictionary > comercio

17 sindicalista

adj.

union, syndicalistic, labor-union, syndicalist.

f. & m.

1 union member.

2 union member, labor unionist, union leader, trade unionist.

* * *

sindicalista

► adjetivo

1 trade union, union

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 trade unionist, unionist

* * *

1.

ADJ union antes de s, trade-union antes de s

2.

SMF trade unionist, trades unionist

* * *
I
adjetivo < teoría> syndicalist
II
masculino y femenino

a) (Rels Labs) member of the unions, trade unionist (BrE)

b) (Pol) syndicalist

* * *

= unionist, union type, syndicalist, trade unionist.

Ex. Librarians and unionists were never natural allies, but were separated by cultural and economic differences that continued to plague the committee in the 1960s.

Ex. 'You commented earlier,' she said ingenuously, aloud, 'that Kass didn't strike you as the union type'.

Ex. This revolutionary syndicalist union consistently supported the most downtrodden & oppressed, & encouraged a cult of the unspoiled, heroic brawny proletarian with raw courage & 'natural' virtues.

Ex. There are also a growing number of local resource centres providing facilities and support for community groups and trade unionists.

* * *
I
adjetivo < teoría> syndicalist
II
masculino y femenino

a) (Rels Labs) member of the unions, trade unionist (BrE)

b) (Pol) syndicalist

* * *

= unionist, union type, syndicalist, trade unionist.

Ex: Librarians and unionists were never natural allies, but were separated by cultural and economic differences that continued to plague the committee in the 1960s.

Ex: 'You commented earlier,' she said ingenuously, aloud, 'that Kass didn't strike you as the union type'.

Ex: This revolutionary syndicalist union consistently supported the most downtrodden & oppressed, & encouraged a cult of the unspoiled, heroic brawny proletarian with raw courage & 'natural' virtues.

Ex: There are also a growing number of local resource centres providing facilities and support for community groups and trade unionists.

* * *

sindicalista¹

adjective

1 ‹teoría› syndicalist

2 (de los sindicatos) sindical

sindicalista²

masculine and feminine

1 ( Rels Labs) member of the unions, union member, trade unionist ( BrE)

2 ( Pol) syndicalist

* * *

sindicalista sustantivo masculino y femenino
a) (Rels Labs) member of the unions, trade unionist (BrE)

b) (Pol) syndicalist

sindicalista
I adj (relativo al sindicalismo) syndicalist
II sustantivo masculino y femenino trade unionist, US labor unionist
' sindicalista' also found in these entries:
English:
trade unionist
- trade

* * *

sindicalista

♦ adj

union

♦ nmf

union member, Br trade unionist

* * *

sindicalista

I adj (labor, Br

trade) union atr

II m/f (labor, Br

trade) union member

Spanish-English dictionary > sindicalista

18 geschlossen

I P.P. schließen

II Adj.

1. Gruppe, Einheit etc.: cohesive; Arbeit, Leistung: well-rounded, finished; (einheitlich) uniform; Formation, Reihen: closed, serried; (vereint) united; in sich (Dat) geschlossen self-contained; geschlossene Ortschaft built-up area; geschlossene Wolkendecke overcast skies Pl.; eine geschlossene Front bilden form a united front

2. (nicht öffentlich) Vorstellung etc.: private; geschlossene Gesellschaft private party; in geschlossener Sitzung JUR. in camera

3. LING., Vokal: closed

4. Anhänger, Waggon: covered; geschlossener Wagen MOT. (Ggs. Kabrio) hardtop; (Limousine) saloon (car), Am. sedan,

III Adv. (alle gemeinsam) all together; (einstimmig) unanimously; geschlossen hinter jemandem stehen be solidly behind s.o.; sie waren geschlossen dafür / dagegen they were unanimously in support of it / against it, they were unanimous in their support for it / opposition to it

* * *

shut; dense; closed

* * *
ge|schlọs|sen [gə'ʃlɔsn] ptp von schließen
1. adj
closed; (= vereint) united, unified
geschlossen — self-contained; Mensch, Charakter well-rounded; Buch, Handlung well-knit; Systeme, Produktionskreisläufe closed

es war eine geschlossene Wolkendecke vorhanden — the sky was completely overcast

ein geschlossenes Ganzes — a unified whole

geschlossene Gesellschaft — closed society

in geschlossener Sitzung — in closed session; (Jur) in camera

ein geschlossener Wagen — a saloon car (Brit), a sedan (US)

geschlossene Ortschaft — built-up area

in geschlossener Formation (Aviat) — in close formation

2. adv

geschlossen für etw sein/stimmen — to be/vote unanimously in favour (Brit) or favor (US) of sth

wir protestierten geschlossen gegen das neue Gesetz — we were unanimous in our protest against the new law

geschlossen hinter jdm stehen — to stand solidly behind sb

wir gingen geschlossen mit der ganzen Klasse ins Kino — the whole class went to the cinema en masse or as a body

dieses zwölfbändige Lexikon wird nur geschlossen abgegeben — this twelve-volume encyclopedia is only sold as a complete set

dieser Vokal wird geschlossen ausgesprochen — this vowel has closed articulation

* * *

1) (closed.) shut

2) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) solid

* * *

ge·schlos·sen

[gəˈʃlɔsn̩]

I. pp von schließen

II. adj

1. (gemeinsam) united

\geschlossene Ablehnung unanimous rejection

2. (zusammenhängend) thick

eine \geschlossene Wolkendecke [o \geschlossene Bewölkung] cloudy skies

eine \geschlossene Schneedecke a layer of snow

3. (nicht geöffnet) closed

eine \geschlossene Abteilung a closed ward

4. (abgerundet)

eine \geschlossene Persönlichkeit a well-rounded character

ein \geschlossenes Bild a complete picture

ein \geschlossenes Konzept a [complete] concept

III. adv (einheitlich) unanimously

\geschlossen für etw akk stimmen to vote unanimously for sth

* * *
1.
2. Part. v. schließen
2.
Adjektiv

1) (gemeinsam) united < action, front>; unified < procedure>; s. auch Gesellschaft 3)

2) (zusammenhängend)

eine geschlossene Ortschaft — a built-up area

3) (abgerundet) full; complete <picture, impression>
3.
adverbial

geschlossen für etwas stimmen/sein — vote/be unanimously in favour of something

wir verließen geschlossen unser Büro — we walked out in a body or en masse

geschlossen gegen etwas vorgehen — take concerted action against something

geschlossen hinter jemandem stehen — be solidly behind somebody

* * *

geschlossen

A. pperf → schließen

B. adj

1. Gruppe, Einheit etc: cohesive; Arbeit, Leistung: well-rounded, finished; (einheitlich) uniform; Formation, Reihen: closed, serried; (vereint) united;

in sich (dat)

geschlossen self-contained;

geschlossene Ortschaft built-up area;

geschlossene Wolkendecke overcast skies pl;

eine geschlossene Front bilden form a united front

2. (nicht öffentlich) Vorstellung etc: private;

geschlossene Gesellschaft private party;

in geschlossener Sitzung JUR in camera

3. LING, Vokal: closed

4. Anhänger, Waggon: covered;

geschlossener Wagen AUTO (Ggs Kabrio) hardtop; (Limousine) saloon (car), US sedan,

C. adv (alle gemeinsam) all together; (einstimmig) unanimously;

geschlossen hinter jemandem stehen be solidly behind sb;

sie waren geschlossen dafür/dagegen they were unanimously in support of it/against it, they were unanimous in their support for it/opposition to it

* * *
1.
2. Part. v. schließen
2.
Adjektiv

1) (gemeinsam) united <action, front>; unified < procedure>; s. auch Gesellschaft 3)

2) (zusammenhängend)

eine geschlossene Ortschaft — a built-up area

3) (abgerundet) full; complete <picture, impression>
3.
adverbial

geschlossen für etwas stimmen/sein — vote/be unanimously in favour of something

wir verließen geschlossen unser Büro — we walked out in a body or en masse

geschlossen gegen etwas vorgehen — take concerted action against something

geschlossen hinter jemandem stehen — be solidly behind somebody

* * *

adj.

closed adj.

locked adj.

shut adj.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > geschlossen

19 suivi

suivi, e [syivi]

past participle of suivre

1. adjective

   a. [travail] steady ; [correspondance] regular ; ( = constant) [qualité, effort, politique] consistent ; [conversation, histoire, raisonnement] coherent

   b. ( = apprécié) très suivi [cours] well-attended ; [mode, recommandation] widely adopted ; [exemple] widely followed

• le match était très suivi a lot a people watched the match

• cours peu suivi poorly-attended course

• mode peu suivie fashion that has a limited following

2. masculine noun

monitoring

• assurer le suivi de [+ affaire] to follow through ; [+ produit en stock] to go on stocking

• suivi médical aftercare

• assurer le suivi pédagogique des élèves to provide pupils with continuous educational support

* * *

1.

suivie sɥivi participe passé suivre

2.

participe passé adjectif

1) ( maintenu) [travail, demande] steady; [effort] sustained; [correspondance] regular; [habitudes] regular; [qualité] consistent; [relations] close

2) Commerce [article] in general production (après n), that is always in stock (épith, après n)

3) ( apprécié)

la boxe est le sport le plus suivi — boxing is the most popular sport

quelle est l'émission la plus suivie? — which is the most popular programme [BrE]?

c'est une mode peu suivie — it's a fashion which hasn't really caught on

4) ( cohérent) [politique] consistent; [argumentation] coherent

3.

nom masculin ( de procédure) monitoring; Commerce ( de commande) follow-up

le suivi des malades — follow-up care for patients

assurer le suivi des jeunes délinquants — to follow up (on) young delinquents

assurer le suivi d'un produit — Commerce to ensure the continued supply of a product

* * *
sɥivi suivi, -e
1. pp

See:

suivre

2. adj

1) (= régulier) regular

2) COMMERCE (article) in general production

3) (= cohérent) (politique) consistent, joined-up

4)

très suivi (cours) — well attended, (mode) widely adopted, (feuilleton) widely followed

peu suivi (cours) — poorly attended, (mode) not widely adopted, (feuilleton) not widely followed

3. nm

follow-up

le suivi de votre commande — the follow-up to your order

* * *

suivi, suivie

A pp ⇒ suivre.

B pp adj

1 ( maintenu) [travail, demande] steady; [effort] sustained; [correspondance] regular; [habitudes] regular; [qualité] consistent; [relations] close;

2 Comm [article] in general production ( après n), that is always in stock ( épith, après n);

3 (apprécié, adopté) la boxe est le sport le plus suivi boxing is the most popular sport; quelle est l'émission la plus/moins suivie? which is the most/least popular programme^GB?; très/peu suivi [feuilleton] with a (very) large/small audience ( épith, après n); [cours] well/poorly attended; [exemple, consigne] widely/not widely followed; c'est une mode très/peu suivie it's a fashion which has/hasn't really caught on; le match a été très/peu suivi TV the match drew a large/poor number of viewers; au cours d'un procès très/peu suivi during a trial that attracted considerable/very little public interest;

4 ( cohérent) [politique] consistent, coherent; [argumentation] coherent.

C nm ( de procédure) monitoring; Comm ( de commande) follow-up; le suivi des malades/ex-prisonniers follow-up care for patients/ex-prisoners; le suivi budgétaire monitoring of the budget; travail de suivi follow-up work; assurer le suivi des jeunes délinquants to follow up (on) young delinquents; assurer le suivi d'un produit Comm to ensure the continued supply of a product.

( féminin suivie) [sɥivi] participe passé

→ link=suivre suivre

————————

( féminin suivie) [sɥivi] adjectif

1. [ininterrompu - effort] sustained, consistent ; [ - correspondance] regular ; [ - qualité] consistent ; [ - activité] steady

nous avons eu une correspondance très suivie pendant des années we wrote to each other very regularly for years

2. [logique - propos, raisonnement] coherent ; [ - politique] consistent

3. [qui a la faveur du public]

mode très suivie very popular fashion

conférence peu/très suivie poorly attended/well-attended conference

la grève a été peu/très suivie there was little/a lot of support for the strike

————————

nom masculin

[d'un cas, d'un dossier] follow-up

assurer le suivi de

a. [cas, dossier] to follow through (separable)

b. [commande] to deal with (inseparable)

c. COMMERCE [article] to continue to stock

le travail en petits groupes assure un meilleur suivi working in small groups means that individual participants can be monitored more successfully

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > suivi

20 TSA

1) Общая лексика: Thinking Skills Assessment, Transition Services Agreement

2) Компьютерная техника: Test Suite Administration

3) Медицина: триптиказо-соевый агар (tryptic soy agar)

4) Спорт: Tempe Sports Authority

5) Военный термин: Target Signature Array, Template For Specification Authoring, The Silent Assassins, Theater Storage Area, Training Services Agency, Transportation Service, Army, Transportation Standardization Agency, Troop Support Agency, tactical strike aircraft, target signature analysis, technical support activity, test site activation, test start approval, textbook of small arms, total scan area, total survey area, training situation analysis, Transpacific Stabilisation Agreement

6) Техника: time series analysis, time-shared amplifier, time-slot assignment, track subsystem analyst

7) Сельское хозяйство: total surface area

8) Шутливое выражение: Talking Shit Again, Taxpayer Soaking Agency, Thousands Standing Around

9) Химия: toluenesulfonic acid

10) Юридический термин: Taking Scissors Away, They'll Steal Anything

11) Автомобильный термин: Trailer Stability Assist

12) Биржевой термин: Tax Sheltered Account, Tax Sheltered Annuity

13) Грубое выражение: Tough Shit Administration, Tough Shit, Asshole

14) Сокращение: Tourist Savings Association, Transmitter / Servo drive / Antenna, two-step antenna

15) Университет: Technology Students Association, Technology Students Of America

16) Физиология: Testicular Self Analysis

17) Электроника: Tilt Sound Activated

18) Вычислительная техника: terminate-and-stay-resident, Target Service Agent (Novell, Netware, SMS), Telecommunication Society of Australia (organization, Australien)

19) Нефть: thermally sprayed aluminium

20) Банковское дело: Ассоциация рынка ценных бумаг (Великобритания; The Securities Association)

21) Транспорт: Take Shoes Away, Taxiway Safety Area

22) Пищевая промышленность: Tryptic Soy Agar

23) Фирменный знак: Tech Support Associates, Tri- State Ambulance

24) СМИ: Temporal And Statistical Abstractions, The Star Avalanche

25) Деловая лексика: Time stamping authority (Государственная организация, которая имеет право удостоверять момент совершения электронной сделки. Термин из области электронной коммерции.), Ассоциация рынка ценных бумаг (Великобритания, The Securities Association), Соглашение о техническом сотрудничестве (Technical Service Agreement)

26) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: thermal sprayed aluminum

27) Образование: Technology Student Association

28) Инвестиции: The Securities Association

29) Сетевые технологии: Technical Support Alliance, Time Stamping Authority, UNIX Target Service Agent, Объединение по техническому сопровождению

30) Химическое оружие: Toxic storage area

31) Молочное производство: Trypticase Soy Agar

32) Золотодобыча: TSA screening, self-regenerating carbon adsorption system, temperature swing adsorber, регенеративная адсорбционная фильтрация с циклически изменяющейся температурой

33) Расширение файла: Target Service Agent, Telephony Services Architecture

34) Энергосистемы: Trading System Administrator, ATC, администратор торговой системы

35) Общественная организация: Tourette Syndrome Association, Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance

36) NYSE. The Sports Authority, Inc.

37) Аэропорты: Sung Shan, Taiwan China

38) НАСА: Transportation Security Administration

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > TSA

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