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81 point
A n1 ( tip) (of knife, needle, pencil, tooth) pointe f ; ( of star) branche f ; the knife has a sharp point le couteau a la pointe très acérée ; the pencil has a sharp point le crayon est très bien taillé ; the tree comes to a point at the top l'arbre se termine en pointe ; to threaten sb at knife point menacer qn avec un couteau ;2 ( place) (precise location, position on scale) point m ; ( less specific) endroit m ; boiling point point d'ébullition ; compass point point de la boussole ; assembly point point de rassemblement ; embarkation point lieu m d'embarquement ; the furthest/highest point le point le plus éloigné/le plus élevé ; at the point where the path divides à l'endroit où le chemin bifurque ; the road swings north at this point à cet endroit la route se dirige vers le nord ; point of entry ( into country) point d'arrivée ; ( of bullet into body) point d'impact ; ( into atmosphere) point d'entrée ; point of no return point de non-retour ;3 (extent, degree) point m ; the rope had been strained to breaking point la corde avait été tendue au point qu'elle pouvait se rompre ; his nerves were strained to breaking point il était très tendu ; to be driven to the point of exhaustion être poussé jusqu'à l'épuisement ; I've got to the point where I can't take any more j'en suis arrivé au point où je n'en peux plus ; to push sth to the point of absurdity pousser qch jusqu'à l'absurde ; she was frank to the point of brutality ou of being brutal elle était franche au point d'en être brutale ; to reach a point in sth when… atteindre un stade dans qch où… ; up to a point jusqu'à un certain point ;4 ( moment) ( precise) moment m ; ( stage) stade m ; to be on the point of doing être sur le point de faire ; to be on the point of bankruptcy être au bord de la faillite ; at this point I gave up à ce stade-là j'ai abandonné ; at this point in her career à ce stade-là de sa carrière ; at what point do we cease to feel sorry for him? à quel moment cesse-t-on de le plaindre? ; at some point in the future plus tard ; at one point à un moment donné ; the judge intervened at this point le juge est intervenu à ce moment-là ; it's at this point in the story that c'est à ce stade de l'histoire que ; there comes a point when… il arrive un moment où… ; when it came to the point of deciding quand il a fallu décider ; at this point in time dans l'état actuel des choses ;5 (question, matter, idea) point m ; ( contribution in discussion) remarque f ; to make a point faire une remarque (about sur) ; to make the point that faire remarquer que ; you've made your point, please let me speak vous vous êtes exprimé, laissez-moi parler ; to make a point of doing ( make sure one does) s'efforcer de faire ; (do proudly, insistently) mettre un point d'honneur à faire ; (do obviously, to make a point) faire [qch] de manière visible ; to raise a point about sth soulever la question de qch ; my point was that ce que je voulais dire, c'était que ; to take up ou return to sb's point revenir sur un point soulevé par qn ; this proves my point cela confirme ce que je viens de dire ; are we agreed on this point? sommes-nous d 'accord sur ce point? ; a three/four-point plan un plan en trois/quatre points ; to go through a text point by point examiner un texte point par point ; the point at issue le sujet de la discussion ; that's a good point c'est une remarque judicieuse ; I take your point ( agreeing) je suis d'accord avec vous ; I take your point, but je vois bien où vous voulez en venir, mais ; all right, point taken! très bien, j'en prends note ; good point! très juste! ; you've got a point there vous n'avez pas tort ; in point of fact en fait ; as a point of information pour information ;6 ( central idea) point m essentiel ; the point is that le point essentiel, c'est que ; the point is, another candidate has been selected malheureusement, un autre candidat a été sélectionné ; to come straight to the point aller droit au fait ; he never got to the point il n'est jamais entré dans le vif du sujet ; to keep to ou stick to the point rester dans le sujet ; to miss the point ne pas comprendre ; I missed the point of what she said je n'ai pas compris ce qu'elle a voulu dire ; to the point pertinent ; what she said was short and to the point ce qu'elle a dit était bref et pertinent ; that's beside the point là n'est pas la question ; what you're saying is beside the point ce que vous dites est à côté de la question ; to wander off the point s'écarter du sujet ; to see the point saisir ; to get the point comprendre ; that's not the point il ne s'agit pas de cela ;7 ( purpose) objet m ; what was the point of her visit? quel était l'objet de sa visite? ; the exercise does have a point l'exercice n'est pas gratuit ; what's the point? à quoi bon? ; what's the point of doing…? à quoi bon faire…? ; there's no point in doing ça ne sert à rien de faire ; I see little point in doing, I don't see the point of doing je ne vois pas l'intérêt de faire ;8 (feature, characteristic) point m, côté m ; his good/bad points ses bons/mauvais côtés ; what points do you look for when buying a car? que recherchez-vous lorsque vous achetez une voiture? ; punctuality is not her strong point la ponctualité n'est pas son point fort ; the points of similarity/difference between les points communs/de divergence entre ; it's a point in their favour c'est un point en leur faveur ; it has its points il/elle n'est pas mauvais/-e ;9 Sport, Fin ( in scoring) point m ; to win/to be beaten by 4 points gagner/être battu à 4 points près ; to win on points ( in boxing) remporter une victoire aux points ; the FT 100 was up/down three points Fin l'indice FT 100 a gagné/perdu trois points ; Smurfit gained 4 points Fin les actions Smurfit ont gagné 4 points ; to evaluate sth on a 5-point scale évaluer qch d'après une échelle à 5 degrés ; match/championship point ( in tennis) balle f de match/championnat ;10 ( dot) point m ; ( decimal point) virgule f ; ( diacritic) signe m diacritique ; a point of light un point lumineux ;C vtr1 (aim, direct) to point sth at sb braquer qch sur qn [camera, gun] ; to point one's finger at sb montrer qn du doigt ; to point the finger at sb ( accuser) accuser qn ; just point the camera and press tu n'as qu'à viser avec l'appareil photo et appuyer ; to point sth towards (of car, boat) diriger qch vers ; to point sb in the right direction lit, fig mettre qn dans la bonne direction ;2 ( show) to point the way to lit (person, signpost) indiquer la direction de ; to point sb the way to indiquer à qn la direction de ; the report points the way to a fairer system le rapport ouvre la voie à un syst ème plus équitable ;3 (in ballet, gym) to point one's toes faire des pointes ;4 Constr jointoyer [wall].D vi1 ( indicate) indiquer or montrer (du doigt) ; it's rude to point ce n'est pas poli de montrer du doigt ; she pointed over her shoulder elle a indiqué derrière elle ; she pointed in the direction of elle a indiqué du doigt la direction de ; to point at sb/sth montrer qn/qch du doigt ; he was pointing with his stick at something il indiquait quelque chose de son bâton ; to point to désigner ;2 (be directed, aligned) [signpost, arrow] indiquer ; to point at sb ou in sb's direction [gun, camera] être braqué sur qn ; the needle points north l'aiguille indique le nord ; the gun was pointing straight at me l'arme était braquée sur moi ;3 ( suggest) to point to [evidence, facts] sembler indiquer ; all the evidence points to murder les preuves semblent indiquer qu'il s'agit d'un meurtre ; everything points in that direction tout semble indiquer que c'est ainsi ;4 ( cite) to point to citer ; to point to sth as evidence of success citer qch comme preuve d'une réussite ;5 Comput to point at sth mettre le pointeur sur qch ;6 [dog] se mettre à l'arrêt.■ point out:▶ point out [sth/sb], point [sth/sb] out ( show) montrer (to à) ; can you point him out to me? peux-tu me le montrer? ; to point out where/who montrer l'endroit où/la personne qui ;▶ point out [sth] ( remark on) faire remarquer [fact, discrepancy] ; to point out that faire remarquer que ; as he pointed out comme il l'a fait remarquer.■ point up:▶ point up [sth ] mettre [qch] en avant [contrast, similarity] ; faire ressortir [lack, incompetence]. -
82 in
in [ɪn]dans ⇒ 1A (a)-(e), 1B (c), 1C (d), 1D (a), 1F (a) à ⇒ 1A (g), 1F (b) en ⇒ 1A (h), 1B (a), 1B (b), 1C (a), 1C (b), 1C (d), 1E (b), 1F (b) chez ⇒ 1C (f) sur ⇒ 1G (b) à l'intérieur ⇒ 2A (a) à la mode ⇒ 2E (b), 3 (a)A.∎ in a box dans une boîte;∎ what have you got in your pockets? qu'est-ce que tu as dans tes poches?;∎ she was sitting in an armchair elle était assise dans un fauteuil;∎ in the house dans la maison;∎ in Catherine's house chez Catherine;∎ they're playing in the garden/living room/street ils jouent dans le jardin/le salon/la rue;∎ we live in a village nous habitons un village;∎ he's still in bed/in the bath il est encore au lit/dans son bain;∎ she shut herself up in her bedroom elle s'est enfermée dans sa chambre;∎ the light's gone in the fridge la lumière du réfrigérateur ne marche plus;∎ Law in camera à huis clos∎ she trailed her hand in the water elle laissait traîner sa main dans l'eau;∎ there's a smell of spring in the air ça sent le printemps;∎ we swam in the sea nous nous sommes baignés dans la mer(c) (indicating movement) dans;∎ put it in your pocket mets-le dans ta poche;∎ throw the letter in the bin jette la lettre à la poubelle;∎ we headed in the direction of the port nous nous sommes dirigés vers le port∎ he had a knife in his hand il avait un couteau dans ou à la main;∎ she held her tight in her arms elle la serrait dans ses bras;∎ with tears in his eyes les larmes aux yeux(e) (on or behind a surface) dans;∎ a hole in the wall un trou dans le mur;∎ there were deep cuts in the surface la surface était marquée de profondes entailles;∎ a reflection in the mirror un reflet dans la glace;∎ how much is that jumper in the window? combien coûte ce pull dans la vitrine?;∎ who's that man in the photo? qui est cet homme sur la photo?∎ she's in hospital/in prison elle est à l'hôpital/en prison;∎ he teaches in a language school il enseigne dans une école de langues∎ in Paris à Paris;∎ in France en France;∎ in Afghanistan en Afghanistan;∎ in the States aux États-Unis;∎ in Portugal au Portugal;∎ in the Pacific dans l'océan Pacifique;∎ in the Third World dans les pays du tiers-monde∎ he was in a suit il était en costume;∎ she was still in her dressing gown elle était encore en robe de chambre;∎ he always dresses in green il s'habille toujours en vert;∎ who's that woman in the hat? qui est la femme avec le ou au chapeau?;∎ in uniform/mourning en uniforme/deuil∎ sardines in tomato sauce des sardines à la sauce tomate;∎ beef in a red wine sauce bœuf mijoté dans une sauce au vin rouge;∎ fish in breadcrumbs poisson pané;∎ we were up to our waists in mud nous étions dans la boue jusqu'à la tailleB.∎ in 1992 en 1992;∎ in March en mars, au mois de mars;∎ in the thirties dans les années trente;∎ in (the) summer/autumn/winter en été/automne/hiver;∎ in (the) spring au printemps;∎ he doesn't work in the afternoon/morning il ne travaille pas l'après-midi/le matin;∎ I'll come in the afternoon/morning je viendrai l'après-midi/le matin;∎ at 5 o'clock in the afternoon/morning à 5 heures de l'après-midi/du matin;∎ in the future à l'avenir;∎ in the past autrefois∎ he cooked the meal in ten minutes il prépara le repas en dix minutes∎ I'll be back in five minutes je reviens dans cinq minutes, j'en ai pour cinq minutes∎ we haven't had a proper talk in ages nous n'avons pas eu de véritable conversation depuis très longtemps;∎ I hadn't seen her in years ça faisait des années que je ne l'avais pas vue∎ in my absence en ou pendant mon absence;∎ in the ensuing chaos dans la confusion qui s'ensuivitC.(a) (indicating arrangement, shape) en;∎ in five rows/parts en cinq rangées/parties;∎ stand in a circle mettez-vous en cercle;∎ line up in twos mettez-vous par deux;∎ cut the cake in three/in half coupe le gâteau en trois/en deux;∎ she had her hair up in a ponytail ses cheveux étaient relevés en queue de cheval(b) (indicating form, method)∎ in cash en liquide;∎ in writing par écrit;∎ in English/French en anglais/français;∎ written in ink écrit à l'encre;∎ do you have these shoes in a 5? est-ce que vous auriez ces chaussures en 38?;∎ have you got this jacket in a large? est-ce que vous auriez cette veste dans une taille plus grande?;∎ does it come in red? est-ce que ça existe ou est-ce que ça se fait en rouge?∎ she's in a bit of a state elle est dans tous ses états;∎ to be in love être amoureux;∎ don't keep us in suspense ne nous tiens pas en haleine plus longtemps;∎ he watched in wonderment il regardait avec émerveillement(d) (indicating state, situation) dans, en;∎ in the present circumstances dans les circonstances actuelles;∎ in the dark dans l'obscurité;∎ in this weather par ou avec ce temps;∎ in the sun au soleil;∎ in the rain/snow sous la pluie/neige;∎ in danger/silence en danger/silence;∎ in my presence en ma présence;∎ she's got her leg in plaster elle a une jambe plâtrée ou dans le plâtre∎ in blossom en fleur ou fleurs;∎ in pup/calf/cub plein;∎ American in heat en chaleur∎ a disease common in five-year-olds une maladie très répandue chez les enfants de cinq ans;∎ the sense of smell is more developed in dogs l'odorat est plus développé chez les chiensD.(a) (forming part of) dans;∎ in chapter six dans le chapitre six;∎ we were standing in a queue nous faisions la queue;∎ she's appearing in his new play/film elle joue dans sa nouvelle pièce/son nouveau film;∎ he has two Picassos in his collection il a deux Picasso dans sa collection;∎ this is a common theme in Shakespeare's work c'est un thème fréquent dans les œuvres de Shakespeare;∎ the best player in the team le meilleur joueur de l'équipe;∎ how many feet are there in a metre? combien de pieds y a-t-il dans un mètre?;∎ service is included in the price le service est inclus dans le prix∎ she hasn't got it in her to be nasty elle est bien incapable de méchanceté;∎ I didn't think she had it in her je ne l'en croyais pas capable;∎ it's the Irish in me c'est mon côté irlandais∎ she has no confidence in him elle n'a aucune confiance en lui;∎ they showed no interest in my work mon travail n'a pas eu l'air de les intéresser le moins du monde∎ in my opinion or view à mon avisE.(a) (indicating purpose, cause)∎ he charged the door in an effort to get free dans un effort pour se libérer, il donna un grand coup dans la porte;∎ in reply or response to your letter... en réponse à votre lettre...;∎ there's no point in complaining il est inutile de ou ça ne sert à rien de se plaindre(b) (as a result of) en;∎ in doing so, you only encourage him en faisant cela, vous ne faites que l'encourager;∎ in attempting to save her son's life, she almost died en essayant de sauver son fils, elle a failli mourir∎ it's five feet in length ça fait cinq pieds de long;∎ the town has grown considerably in size la ville s'est beaucoup agrandie;∎ a change in direction un changement de direction;∎ he's behind in maths il ne suit pas en maths;∎ spinach is rich in iron les épinards sont riches en fer;∎ we've found the ideal candidate in Richard nous avons trouvé en Richard le candidat idéal∎ I've got a pain in my arm j'ai une douleur au ou dans le brasF.(a) (indicating specified field, sphere of activity) dans;∎ to be in the army/navy être dans l'armée/la marine;∎ she's in advertising elle est dans la publicité;∎ an expert in economics un expert en économie politique;∎ he's in business with his sister il dirige une entreprise avec sa sœur;∎ there have been tremendous advances in the treatment of cancer de grands progrès ont été faits dans le traitement du cancer;∎ a degree in Italian une licence d'italien∎ our days were spent in swimming and sailing nous passions nos journées à nager et à faire de la voile;∎ they spent hours (engaged) in complex negotiations ils ont passé des heures en négociations difficiles;∎ you took your time in getting here! tu en as mis du temps à venir!G.(a) (indicating approximate number, amount)∎ people arrived in droves/in dribs and drabs les gens sont arrivés en foule/par petits groupes;∎ they came in their thousands ils sont venus par milliers;∎ he's in his forties il a la quarantaine;∎ the temperature was in the nineties la température était dans les trente degrés(b) (in ratios) sur;∎ one child in three un enfant sur trois;∎ a one-in-five hill une pente de 20 pour cent;∎ once in ten years une fois tous les dix ans2 adverbA.(a) (into an enclosed space) à l'intérieur, dedans;∎ she opened the door and looked in elle ouvrit la porte et regarda à l'intérieur;∎ he jumped in il sauta dedans∎ breathe in then out inspirez puis expirez;∎ we can't take in any more refugees nous ne pouvons pas accueillir plus de réfugiés;∎ she's been in and out of mental hospitals all her life elle a passé presque toute sa vie dans des hôpitaux psychiatriques;∎ she and I were always in and out of each other's houses nous étions tout le temps fourrées l'une chez l'autre∎ is your wife/the boss in? est-ce que votre femme/le patron est là?;∎ it's nice to spend an evening in c'est agréable de passer une soirée chez soi;∎ to eat/to stay in manger/rester à la maison;∎ we've got the builders in nous avons des ouvriers à la maison;∎ he usually comes in about 10 o'clock en général, il est là vers 10 heures;∎ familiar what's he in for? (in prison) pourquoi est-ce qu'il fait de la tôle?; (in hospital) pourquoi est-ce qu'il est à l'hôpital?□B.∎ to go in entrer;∎ come in! entrez!;∎ to saunter/to run in entrer d'un pas nonchalant/en courant;∎ in we go! on y va!∎ the bus isn't in yet le bus n'est pas encore arrivé;∎ what time does your train get in? quand est-ce que votre train arrive?∎ the walls fell in les murs se sont écroulés;∎ the edges bend in le bord est recourbé∎ the tide is in la marée est hauteC.∎ write in for further information écrivez-nous pour plus de renseignements;∎ entries must be in by 1 May les bulletins doivent nous parvenir avant le 1 mai;∎ offers of help poured in les propositions d'aide sont arrivées en masse(b) (indicating participation, addition)∎ to be in at the start/finish of sth assister au début/à la fin de qch;∎ we asked if we could join in nous avons demandé si nous pouvions participer;∎ stir in the sliced onions ajouter les oignons en lamelles;∎ fill in the blanks remplissez les espaces videsD.∎ the ball was in la balle était bonne(b) (in cricket) à l'attaque;∎ the other side went in first c'est l'autre équipe qui était d'abord à l'attaqueE.∎ he failed to get in at the last election il n'a pas été élu aux dernières élections(b) (in fashion) à la mode;∎ short skirts are coming back in les jupes courtes reviennent à la modeF.∎ you're in for a bit of a disappointment tu vas être déçu;∎ he's in for a surprise/shock il va avoir une surprise/un choc;∎ we're in for a storm nous aurons sûrement de l'orage;∎ they don't know what they're in for ils ne savent pas ce qui les attend;∎ now he's really in for it cette fois-ci, il va y avoir droit;∎ he's in on the secret il est dans le secret;∎ he's in on it il est dans le coup;∎ we were all in on the plot on était tous au courant;∎ I wasn't in on that particular conversation je n'étais pas là pendant cette conversation;∎ familiar to be in with sb être en bons termes avec qn;∎ he's trying to get in with the boss il essaie de se faire bien voir du patron(a) (fashionable) à la mode□, branché;∎ that nightclub is very in cette boîte est très à la mode;∎ it's the in place to go c'est l'endroit branché du moment;∎ to be the in thing être à la mode;∎ the in crowd les gens dans le coup∎ it's an in joke c'est une plaisanterie entre nous/elles/ etc □4 noun∎ to have an in avoir de l'influence;∎ he has an in with the senator il a ses entrées chez le sénateur∎ the ins and outs (of a situation) les tenants et les aboutissants (d'une situation)en tout;∎ there are 30 in all il y en a 30 en tout1 adverb∎ a row of bushes with little clumps of flowers in between une rangée d'arbustes séparés par des petites touffes de fleurs;∎ he's neither right nor left but somewhere in between il n'est ni de droite ni de gauche mais quelque part entre les deux;∎ she either plays very well or very badly, never in between elle joue très bien ou très mal, jamais entre les deuxentreen soi;∎ the town is not in itself beautiful but it has style la ville n'est pas belle en soi mais elle a de l'allure;∎ this was in itself an achievement c'était déjà un exploit en soipuisque;∎ I'm not badly off in that I have a job and a flat but... je ne peux pas me plaindre puisque j'ai un emploi et un appartement mais...;∎ we are lucky in that there are only a few of us nous avons de la chance d'être si peu nombreux►► Computing in box (for e-mail) boîte f de réception, corbeille f d'arrivée -
83 Intelligence
There is no mystery about it: the child who is familiar with books, ideas, conversation-the ways and means of the intellectual life-before he begins school, indeed, before he begins consciously to think, has a marked advantage. He is at home in the House of intellect just as the stableboy is at home among horses, or the child of actors on the stage. (Barzun, 1959, p. 142)It is... no exaggeration to say that sensory-motor intelligence is limited to desiring success or practical adaptation, whereas the function of verbal or conceptual thought is to know and state truth. (Piaget, 1954, p. 359)ntelligence has two parts, which we shall call the epistemological and the heuristic. The epistemological part is the representation of the world in such a form that the solution of problems follows from the facts expressed in the representation. The heuristic part is the mechanism that on the basis of the information solves the problem and decides what to do. (McCarthy & Hayes, 1969, p. 466)Many scientists implicitly assume that, among all animals, the behavior and intelligence of nonhuman primates are most like our own. Nonhuman primates have relatively larger brains and proportionally more neocortex than other species... and it now seems likely that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 to 7 million years ago.... This assumption about the unique status of primate intelligence is, however, just that: an assumption. The relations between intelligence and measures of brain size is poorly understood, and evolutionary affinity does not always ensure behavioral similarity. Moreover, the view that nonhuman primates are the animals most like ourselves coexists uneasily in our minds with the equally pervasive view that primates differ fundamentally from us because they lack language; lacking language, they also lack many of the capacities necessary for reasoning and abstract thought. (Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990, p. 4)Few constructs are asked to serve as many functions in psychology as is the construct of human intelligence.... Consider four of the main functions addressed in theory and research on intelligence, and how they differ from one another.1. Biological. This type of account looks at biological processes. To qualify as a useful biological construct, intelligence should be a biochemical or biophysical process or at least somehow a resultant of biochemical or biophysical processes.2. Cognitive approaches. This type of account looks at molar cognitive representations and processes. To qualify as a useful mental construct, intelligence should be specifiable as a set of mental representations and processes that are identifiable through experimental, mathematical, or computational means.3. Contextual approaches. To qualify as a useful contextual construct, intelligence should be a source of individual differences in accomplishments in "real-world" performances. It is not enough just to account for performance in the laboratory. On [sic] the contextual view, what a person does in the lab may not even remotely resemble what the person would do outside it. Moreover, different cultures may have different conceptions of intelligence, which affect what would count as intelligent in one cultural context versus another.4. Systems approaches. Systems approaches attempt to understand intelligence through the interaction of cognition with context. They attempt to establish a link between the two levels of analysis, and to analyze what forms this link takes. (Sternberg, 1994, pp. 263-264)High but not the highest intelligence, combined with the greatest degrees of persistence, will achieve greater eminence than the highest degree of intelligence with somewhat less persistence. (Cox, 1926, p. 187)There are no definitive criteria of intelligence, just as there are none for chairness; it is a fuzzy-edged concept to which many features are relevant. Two people may both be quite intelligent and yet have very few traits in common-they resemble the prototype along different dimensions.... [Intelligence] is a resemblance between two individuals, one real and the other prototypical. (Neisser, 1979, p. 185)Given the complementary strengths and weaknesses of the differential and information-processing approaches, it should be possible, at least in theory, to synthesise an approach that would capitalise upon the strength of each approach, and thereby share the weakness of neither. (Sternberg, 1977, p. 65)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Intelligence
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84 White, Sir William Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 2 February 1845 Devonport, Englandd. 27 February 1913 London, England[br]English naval architect distinguished as the foremost nineteenth-century Director of Naval Construction, and latterly as a consultant and author.[br]Following early education at Devonport, White passed the Royal Dockyard entry examination in 1859 to commence a seven-year shipwright apprenticeship. However, he was destined for greater achievements and in 1863 passed the Admiralty Scholarship examinations, which enabled him to study at the Royal School of Naval Architecture at South Kensington, London. He graduated in 1867 with high honours and was posted to the Admiralty Constructive Department. Promotion came swiftly, with appointment to Assistant Constructor in 1875 and Chief Constructor in 1881.In 1883 he left the Admiralty and joined the Tyneside shipyard of Sir W.G. Armstrong, Mitchell \& Co. at a salary of about treble that of a Chief Constructor, with, in addition, a production bonus based on tonnage produced! At the Elswick Shipyard he became responsible for the organization and direction of shipbuilding activities, and during his relatively short period there enhanced the name of the shipyard in the warship export market. It is assumed that White did not settle easily in the North East of England, and in 1885, following negotiations with the Admiralty, he was released from his five-year exclusive contract and returned to public service as Director of Naval Construction and Assistant Controller of the Royal Navy. (As part of the settlement the Admiralty released Philip Watts to replace White, and in later years Watts was also to move from that same shipyard and become White's successor as Director of Naval Construction.) For seventeen momentous years White had technical control of ship production for the Royal Navy. The rapid building of warships commenced after the passing of the Naval Defence Act of 1889, which authorized directly and indirectly the construction of around seventy vessels. The total number of ships built during the White era amounted to 43 battleships, 128 cruisers of varying size and type, and 74 smaller vessels. While White did not have the stimulation of building a revolutionary capital ship as did his successor, he did have the satisfaction of ensuring that the Royal Navy was equipped with a fleet of all-round capability, and he saw the size, displacement and speed of the ships increase dramatically.In 1902 he resigned from the Navy because of ill health and assumed several less onerous tasks. During the construction of the Cunard Liner Mauretania on the Tyne, he held directorships with the shipbuilders Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson, and also the Parsons Marine Turbine Company. He acted as a consultant to many organizations and had an office in Westminster. It was there that he died in February 1913.White left a great literary legacy in the form of his esteemed Manual of Naval Architecture, first published in 1877 and reprinted several times since in English, German and other languages. This volume is important not only as a text dealing with first principles but also as an illustration of the problems facing warship designers of the late nineteenth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKCB 1895. Knight Commander of the Order of the Danneborg (Denmark). FRS. FRSE. President, Institution of Civil Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; Marine Engineers. Vice- President, Institution of Naval Architects.Bibliography1877, A Manual of Naval Architecture, London.Further ReadingD.K.Brown, 1983, A Century of Naval Construction, London.FMWBiographical history of technology > White, Sir William Henry
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85 security
сущ.1)а) общ. безопасностьto ensure [to provide\] security — обеспечивать безопасность
See:economic security, food security, personal security, national security, national security override, security consultant, security exceptions, security zone, Container Security Initiative, Bureau of Industry and Security, Department of Homeland Security, Mutual Security Agency, Security Councilб) общ. защита, охрана (от чего-л.); гарантия, гарантированностьjob security — гарантия занятости, гарантированность сохранения рабочего места
в) пол. органы [служба\] безопасностиSee:2) фин. обеспечение, залог (имущество, используемое в качестве гарантии при кредитовании)against security — под обеспечение, под гарантию
The loan is given against security of the fixed deposit. — Заем предоставлен под обеспечение срочным депозитом.
A company borrows money against security. — Компания занимает деньги под обеспечение.
Syn:See:а) фин., обычно мн. ценная бумага (документ, который закрепляет право владения или отношения займа, может передаваться из рук в руки и является инструментом привлечения финансирования; в американском законодательстве трактуется как сделка по предоставлению денежных средств в пользование другого лица с целью извлечения прибыли, удостоверяющий такую сделку документ, а также право на его приобретение или продажу, которые характеризуются следующими обстоятельствами: а) мотивацией продавца, заключающейся в привлечении капитала, необходимого для общего использования в коммерческом предприятии продавца или для финансирования существенных инвестиций, б) мотивацией покупателя, заключающейся в получении прибыли от предоставления средств, в) выступлением инструмента в роли предмета обычной торговли, г) разумными ожиданиями покупателя о применении к инструменту федеральных законов о ценных бумагах, д) отсутствием сокращающего риск фактора, напр., выражающегося в применении к инструменту другой схемы регулирования)ATTRIBUTES [creator\]: Treasury, municipal, muni, state, local, foreign, home, home country, domestic, agency 1), federal agency 1), state agency, authority 2), private, private sector, public, public sector, public utility 2), external, internal, international, industrial, tax district, railroad, school, school district, refunding, advance refunding, equipment trust, new money 2)
ATTRIBUTES [purpose\]: tax anticipation 2), revenue anticipation, grant anticipation, bond anticipation, private activity, reorganization 2), savings, capital 2), income, guaranteed income, growth 1), war, defence, debt conversion, construction 1), infrastructure, infrastructure renewal, housing 1), manufactured housing 1), equipment trust, equipment, consolidated, mezzanine 2)
pollution control municipal securities — муниципальные ценные бумаги для реализации экологических проектов
The Company also issued $39 million of variable and fixed rate Pollution Control Securities in 1994.
ATTRIBUTES [owner\]: registered, bearer, negotiable, transferable, non-transferable, outstanding 4)
Liquidations from such a pool would require the manager to liquidate longer securities which are much more volatile.
Only the insurance companies and funds have preference for the longer-dated securities.
The Portfolio Manager is now investing some of the District’s portfolio in longer-term securities.
The government could persuade lenders to take up only about 60% of US$1.2 billion in six-month securities on offer.
Two- and 3-year securities have a minimum of $3 billion.
ATTRIBUTES [rights\]: alternate 2) б), antidilutive, assented, asset-backed, auction rate, backed, callable, closed-end mortgage, collateralized, collateral trust, combination 3) в), companion, consolidated mortgage, convertible 2) а), debenture 2) а), definitive, double-barreled 3) а), endorsed, exchange, exchangeable, extendible, federal home loan bank, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, first mortgage, general obligation, guaranteed 2) а), general mortgage home loan, insured, interchangeable, irredeemable 2) а), junior 2) б), junior lien, moral obligation, mortgage 3. 3) а), mortgage-backed, non-assented, noncallable, non-participating, open-end mortgage, parity, participating 2) а), preferred 2) а), prior lien, profit-sharing, property 2) а), putable, real estate, redeemable 3) а), revenue 3. 1) а), second lien, second mortgage, secured, senior 2) б), senior lien, serial, series 2) б), subordinated, tax increment, tranche, unassented, unsecured, z-tranche
This is a series of Frequently Asked Questions about other Special Purpose Securities handled by the Special Investments Branch.
ATTRIBUTES [currency\]: dual currency, reverse-dual currency
The Bank accepts as collateral Canadian dollar securities issued or guaranteed by the Government of Canada.
But if you have an expectation of a weakening dollar, does it still make sense to invest in US dollar-denominated securities?
ATTRIBUTES [income\]: adjustable rate, annuity, auction rate, bank-qualified, capital growth, capped, coupon-bearing, collar, collared, coupon 1), credit-sensitive, deep discount, defaulted, deferred-coupon, deferred interest, discount 1. 1), double-exempt, fixed annuity, fixed-coupon, fixed-rate, fixed-income, flat, flat income, floating rate, floored, full coupon, interest-bearing, non-interest-bearing, non-qualified, non-bank-qualified, life annuity, mismatch, original issue discount, premium 1. 1), qualified 1. 2) б), qualifying 1. 2) б), reset, split coupon, step-down, step-up, stripped, taxable, tax-credit, tax-exempt 1. 1), tax-free, tax-exempt, tax-preferred, variable-coupon, variable annuity, variable rate, zero-coupon
The prepayment rate for mortgages backing Ginnie Mae's 13 percent securities was 47.3 percent.
[high, higher, medium, low, lower\] coupon security — с [высоким, более высоким, средним, низким, более низким\] купоном [доходом\]
The State governments and their utilities had proposed issuing of low coupon securities for refinancing the SLR securities.
high [higher, medium, low, lower\] income security — с высоким [более высоким, средним, низким, более низким\] доходом
You'd be prudent to select issues with short maturities that can later be replaced with higher-income securities as interest rates rise.
high [higher, medium, low, lower\] yield security — с высокой [более высокой, средней, низкой, более низкой\] доходностью
The higher yield securities with higher risk can form the portion that you are willing to gamble.
What happens is that the company that is insured anticipates in advance and knows that low-coverage/high-premium securities will fetch lower prices.
ATTRIBUTES [creation\]: original issue discount, OID, fully paid, partly paid, private placement 2., publicly offered, when-issued
ATTRIBUTES [destruction\]: bullet, bullet-maturity, drawn, single-payment, sinking fund 1), planned amortization class, targeted amortization class, variable redemption
ATTRIBUTES [status\]: listed 2), unlisted, non-listed, delisted, quoted, unquoted, rated 3), non-rated, speculative grade, investment grade, gilt-edged
ATTRIBUTES [size\]: baby, penny
ATTRIBUTES [structured\]: structured, well-structured, non-structured, range, range accrual, capital protected, principal protected, capital guaranteed, reverse floating rate, inverse floating rate, participation, equity index participation, equity participation, market participation, equity linked, equity index-linked, index-linked, market-indexed, equity-linked, credit-linked, reverse convertible, indexed, non-indexed, dual-indexed, capital-indexed, coupon-indexed, interest-indexed, current-pay, gold-indexed, catastrophe, cat, catastrophe-linked, catastrophe risk-linked, cat-linked, catastrophe insurance, cat-linked, catastrophe insurance, disaster, act of God, earthquake, earthquake-risk, hurricane
Argentina will not be required to make an adjustment to the amounts previously paid to holders of the GDP-linked Securities for changes that may affect the economy.
Proposals to create GDP-indexed securities are naturally supported by the arguments in this paper
ATTRIBUTES [form\]: book-entry, certificated
security market — фондовый рынок, рынок ценных бумаг
ACTIONS [passive\]:
to issue a security — выпускать [эмитировать\] ценную бумагу
to place [underwrite\] a security — размещать ценную бумагу
to earn $n on a security — получать доход в n долл. от ценной бумаги
to list a security, to admit a security to a listing, to accept security for trading in a exchange — допускать ценную бумагу к торгам (на бирже), включать в листинг
ACTIONS [active\]:
a security closes at $n up[down\] m% — курс закрытия ценной бумаги составил $n, что на m% выше [ниже\] вчерашнего
COMBS:
security price — цена [курс\] ценной бумаги
See:debt security, equity security, hybrid security, antidilutive securities, asset-backed securities, auction rate securities, baby securities, book-entry securities, certificated security, control securities, convertible securities, coupon security, dated security, deep discount security, discount securities, drop-lock security, equity-linked securities, fixed income security, foreign interest payment security, gross-paying securities, inflation-indexed security, interest-bearing securities, irredeemable securities, junior securities, letter security, listed securities, marketable securities, negotiable security, net-paying securities, non-convertible securities, participating securities, pay-in-kind securities, perpetual security, primary security, secondary security, unlisted securities, zero-coupon security, securities analyst, security analyst, securities broker, securities dealer, security dealer, securities market, security market, securities trader, International Securities Identification Number, financial market, principal, interest, issuer, Uniform Sale of Securities Act, Securities Act of 1933, Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, Culp v. Mulvane, Investment Company Act, Investment Advisers Act, SEC v. CM Joiner Leasing Corp., SEC v. W. J. Howey Co., SEC v. Variable Annuity Life Insurance Company of America, SEC v. United Benefit Life Insurance Company, Tcherepnin v. Knight, SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc.б) фин., обычно мн. (право владения или отношения займа, закрепленные в документе, который может передаваться из рук в руки и является инструментом привлечения финансирования)в) юр., амер. (трактуется как сделка по предоставлению денежных средств в пользование другого лица с целью извлечения прибыли, удостоверяющий такую сделку документ, а также право на его приобретение или продажу, которые характеризуются следующими обстоятельствами: а) мотивацией продавца, заключающейся в привлечении капитала, необходимого для общего использования в коммерческом предприятии продавца или для финансирования существенных инвестиций, б) мотивацией покупателя, заключающейся в получении прибыли от предоставления средств, в) выступлением инструмента в роли предмета обычной торговли, г) разумными ожиданиями покупателя о применении к инструменту федеральных законов о ценных бумагах, д) отсутствием сокращающего риск фактора, напр., выражающегося в применении к инструменту другой схемы регулирования)See:Securities Act of 1933, Investment Company Act, Investment Advisers Act, SEC v. CM Joiner Leasing Corp., SEC v. W. J. Howey Co., SEC v. Variable Annuity Life Insurance Company of America, SEC v. United Benefit Life Insurance Company, Tcherepnin v. Knight, SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc., SEC v. Glenn W. Turner Enterprises, Inc.
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безопасность, сохранность, ценная бумага, обеспечение, гарантия: 1) ценная бумага; свидетельство долга или собственности; сертификаты ценных бумаг, векселя; см. securities; 2) обеспечение: активы и др. собственность, которые могут быть использованы как обеспечение кредита или облигаций; в случае отказа заемщика от погашения кредита обеспечение может быть реализовано; = collateral security; 3) безопасность: процедуры, обеспечивающие безопасность банка, его активов и документации, включая физическую защиту, процедуры внутреннего аудита; 4) гарантия: гарантия выполнения обязательств другого лица, в т. ч. личная гарантия; = personal security.* * *Ценная бумага - документ/сертификат, являющийся свидетельством собственности на акции, облигации и другие инвестиционные инструменты. Безопасность - меры, предпринимаемые для обеспечения конфиденциальности передаваемой по линиям связи персональной информации о клиенте, совершаемых им операциях и т.п. . гарантия по ссуде; обеспечение кредита; обеспечение ссуды; обеспечение; ценная бумага; отдел охраны (банка, компании) Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *финансовые активы, включающие акции, правительственные облигации и ценные бумаги с государственной гарантией, облигации компании, сертификаты паевых фондов и документы, подтверждающие право собственности на предоставленные в ссуду или депонированные денежные средства; страховые полисы к таким активам не относятся -
86 large
(great in size, amount etc; not small: a large number of people; a large house; a large family; This house is too large for two people.) stor, rommelig, omfattende- largely- largeness
- at largestor--------svær--------utstraktIsubst. \/lɑːdʒ\/bare i uttrykkat large fri, løs, på frifot, på egen håndutførlig, i detalj, detaljert, vidløftig, i det vide og det brede, vidt og bredti sin alminnelighet, i sin helhetden store allmennheten, folk i alminnelighetpå måfå, ut i luftenIIverb \/lɑːdʒ\/(sjøfart, seiling) sløreIIIadj. \/lɑːdʒ\/1) stor, betydelig, anseelig, rikelig2) stor, rommelig, romslig3) stor, omfattende, ekstensiv, stor-, utstrakt, vid, vidstrakt, vidtspennende, vidtrekkende, storslagen4) stor, liberal, fordomsfri, vidsynt, tolerant5) generøs, stor, gavmild6) ( om kunstnerisk behandling) bred, fri, vid7) ( gammeldags) skrytete, brautende8) ( gammeldags) ubehøvlet, ufin9) ( om seiling) rom, romskjøtsas large as life i kroppsstørrelse, i naturlig størrelse ( hverdagslig) lys levende, i egen høye person• here he is, as large as lifein large measure\/part i stor gradlarge of limb grovlemmet, kraftiglarger than life i overnaturlig størrelse, overdrevet, som skiller seg utlarge wind ( om seiling) rom vind, slørIVadv. \/lɑːdʒ\/bare i uttrykkby and large i det store og det hele, i det hele tattsail\/go\/run large (sjøfart, seiling) sløretalk large skryte, skravle -
87 much
comparative of; see moremyeImeget, mye, omtrent• did you have much difficulty in finding the house?det var bare tull, alt sammenso much for that! det var det!much difficulty may it do you ( spøkefullt) velbekomme, lykke til (ironisk), det kommer du nok til å få mye glede avII1) mye, megethun var svært mye\/betydelig eldre• is he much hurt?tusen (hjertelig) takk \/ mange takki høy grad mot min vilje \/ høyst ugjerne2) absolutt, avgjort, langt, uten tvildet ubetinget største beløpet \/ det avgjort største beløpet3) ( også pretty much, much as usual, much the same way) omtrent, nesten, noenlundedet spiller ingen rolle for meg \/ det er det samme for meghow much hvor mye, hvor høyt• how much do you love him?look much like se ut somdet ser nesten sånn ut \/ det er ikke langt i framuch as I like enda så godt jeg likermuch more langt mer, enda mer, for ikke å snakke ommuch less langt mindre, enda mindrebe not so much... as... være snarere... enn...think too much of oneself ha alfor høye tanker om seg selvIIImye, megetmye av det du sier, er sant• how much rain did you have yesterday?• did you have much difficulty finding the house?as much like (så) mye, så myedet sammejeg tenkte meg det \/ jeg kunne tenke meg det \/ jeg tenkte det nokas much again\/more en gang til så mye, dobbelt så mye, det dobbeltehow much hvor mye• how much are the apples?• how much does it all come to?• how much percent?• how much for this?if so much hvis så myemake much of få mye ut av, forstågjøre stort vesen\/nummer avutnytte (på beste måte), dra fordeler av, gjøre mest mulig ut av gjøre stas avmuch someone does something ( spøkefullt) særlig at noen gjør noe• much you know about it!not as much as ikke så mye som, ikke engangnot be up to much ikke være så mye å skryte av, ikke være noe viderenothing much ( hverdagslig) ikke noe spesielt, ikke noe av betydningnothing so much as mest av altnot much! ( hverdagslig) slett ikke!, absolutt ikke!, nesten aldri!not much of ikke akkurat, ikke noe viderenot so much as ikke så mye som, ikke engangso much så mye\/meget, så og så mye (om beløp, mengde e.l.)so much for ferdig med, takk og farvel, slik går det nåso much the better\/worse så mye bedre\/verre, så meget desto bedre\/verrethink much of something like noe, ha høye tanker om noethis\/that much så mye\/megetthus much så mye for så vidttoo much for mye, altfor myetoo much of a good thing for mye av det godewithout so much as uten så mye som -
88 Langley, Samuel Pierpont
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 22 August 1834 Roxbury, Massachusetts, USAd. 27 February 1906 Aiken, South Carolina, USA[br]American scientist who built an unsuccessful aeroplane in 1903, just before the success of the Wright brothers.[br]Professor Langley was a distinguished mathematician and astronomer who became Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (US National Museum) in 1887. He was also interested in aviation and embarked on a programme of experiments with a whirling arm to test wings and with a series of free-flying models. In 1896 one of his steam-powered models made a flight of 4,199 ft (1,280 m): this led to a grant from the Government to subsidize the construction of a manned aeroplane. Langley commissioned Stephen M. Balzer, an automobile engine designer, to build a lightweight aero-engine and appointed his assistant, Charles M.Manly, to oversee the project. After many variations, including rotary and radical designs, two versions of the Balzer-Manly engine were produced, one quarter size and one full size. In August 1903 the small engine powered a model which thus became the first petrol-engined aeroplane to fly. Langley designed his full-size aeroplane (which he called an Aerodrome) with tandem wings and a cruciform tail unit. The Balzer-Manly engine drove two pusher propellers. Manly was to be the pilot as Langley was now almost 70 years old. Most early aviators tested their machines by making tentative hops, but Langley decided to launch his Aerodrome by catapult from the roof of a houseboat on the Potomac river. Two attempts were made and on both occasions the Aerodrome crashed into the river: catapult problems and perhaps a structural weakness were to blame. The second crash occurred on 8 December 1903 and it is ironic that the Wright brothers, with limited funds and no Government support, successfully achieved a manned flight just nine days later. Langley was heartbroken. After his death there followed a strange affair in 1914 when Glenn Curtiss took Langley's Aerodrome, modified it, and tried to prove that but for the faulty catapult it would have flown before the Wrights' Flyer. A brief flight was made with floats instead of the catapult, and it flew rather better after more extensive modifications and a new engine.[br]Bibliography1897, Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Part 1, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution; 1911, Part 2.Further ReadingJ.Gordon Vaeth, 1966, Langley: Man of Science and Flight, New York (biography).Charles H. Gibbs-Smith, 1985, Aviation, London (includes an analysis of Langley's work).Tom D.Crouch, 1981, A Dream of Wings, New York.Robert B.Meyer Jr (ed.), 1971, Langley's Aero Engine of 1903, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Annals of Flight, No. 6 (provides details about the engine).JDSBiographical history of technology > Langley, Samuel Pierpont
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89 handy
adjective1) (ready to hand) griffbereitkeep/have something handy — etwas griffbereit haben
the house is very handy for the town centre — von dem Haus aus ist man sehr schnell in der Stadt
2) (useful) praktisch; nützlichcome in handy — sich als nützlich erweisen
3) (adroit) geschicktbe [quite/very] handy with something — [ganz gut/sehr gut] mit etwas umgehen können
* * *['hændi]1) (ready (to use); in a convenient place: I like to keep my tools handy; This house is handy for the shops.) in der Nähe2) (easy to use; useful: a handy tool.) handlich•- academic.ru/33476/handiness">handiness- handyman
- come in handy* * *[ˈhændi]a \handy size eine handliche Größe2. (convenient) nützlicha \handy excuse eine passende Ausredea \handy hint ein nützlicher [o brauchbarer] Hinweisto come in \handy [for sb/sth] [jdm/etw] gelegen [o gerade recht] kommento keep sth \handy etw bereithaltento be \handy about the house im Haus vieles selbst erledigen können* * *['hndɪ]adj (+er)1) (= useful, convenient) tool, device praktisch; hint, tip nützlich, praktisch; car, size handlichthat key will come in handy — den Schlüssel wirst du noch gut gebrauchen können
the salary increase comes in handy — die Gehaltserhöhung kommt sehr gelegen
a handy way to do sth — eine praktische Art, etw zu tun
this is a handy way to take notes — auf diese Art kann man leicht or gut Notizen machen
2) (= skilful) geschickthe's handy around the home or house — er ist ein geschickter Heimwerker
3) (= conveniently close) in der Nähethe house is ( very) handy for the shops — das Haus liegt (ganz) in der Nähe der Geschäfte
* * *1. zur Hand, bei der Hand, greifbar, in greifbarer Nähe, leicht erreichbar:have sth handy etwas zur Hand haben;keep sth handy etwas griffbereit aufbewahren2. geschickt, gewandt:be handy with a tool mit einem Werkzeug (gut) umgehen können3. handlich, praktisch, leicht zu handhaben(d)4. SCHIFF wendig5. nützlich:a) sich als nützlich erweisen,b) (sehr) gelegen kommen* * *adjective1) (ready to hand) griffbereitkeep/have something handy — etwas griffbereit haben
2) (useful) praktisch; nützlich3) (adroit) geschicktbe [quite/very] handy with something — [ganz gut/sehr gut] mit etwas umgehen können
* * *adj.dienlich adj.griffig adj.handlich adj.nützlich adj. -
90 Ball Sizing
Consists of three processes, sizing, drying and beaming. Used for coloured warps or for grey warps about 24's and lower, that are to be heavy sized, such as for heavy domestics, Wigans, etc. This system gives a leather-like feel to the yam and cloth, and is much used in the Rochdale district. The yam is not flattened as it is in tape sizing. For coloured work it is very suitable, owing to the shorter length, various colours, etc. The warp, in the form of a rope, is taken through the size trough (passing under and over rollers at the bottom). The excess size is squeezed out and the warp dried by passing over hot cylinders, then wound on to the weaver's beam. This system is very suitable for short warps, but is more expensive than tape sizing. A sectional view of the machine is shown in the illustration. A is the ball warp, it passes through eyes C and C1 down to rollers D and E in size box R. Then around rollers F. These rollers are free to move in groove S, and they press the yarn from roller F1 to F9. From the sizing, the yarn is squeezed between G and H, passes round J and between J and K, where it is squeezed again on to a guide; roller L and into box M. From M the yarn is taken to a drying machine and, after drying, it is reballed. The screw N regulates the pressure put upon the size by roller K -
91 run
1. [rʌn] nI1. 1) бег, пробегat a run - бегом [см. тж. ♢ ]
to cross exposed areas at a run - воен. преодолевать открытые участки перебежками
on the run - а) на ходу, в движении; to be on the run all day - быть весь день в бегах; б) второпях; [см. тж. 2) и 3)]
to keep smb. on the run - а) не давать кому-л. остановиться; б) не давать кому-л. покоя
to break into a run - побежать, пуститься бегом
to make a run for it - а) броситься куда-л. со всех ног; б) сделать перебежку куда-л. (под пулями и т. п.)
he took a short run and cleared the fence - он разбежался и перепрыгнул через забор
there was no run left in me - я больше не мог /у меня больше не было сил/ бежать
2) бегство; беспорядочное отступлениеto be on the run - поспешно отступать, бежать [см. тж. 1) и 3)]
to keep the enemy on the run - воен. не давать противнику закрепляться ( в ходе преследования)
3) побег; нахождение в бегахthe criminal was on the run - преступник был в бегах [см. тж. 1) и 2)]
he is on the run from the police - он скрывается /бегает/ от полиции
4) короткая прогулка (пешком, на лошади и т. п.); пробежкаto go for a run - а) пробежаться; б) проехаться (в автомобиле, на лошади и т. п.)
to go for a short run before breakfast - а) немного пробежаться /сделать небольшую пробежку/ перед завтраком; б) совершить небольшую (автомобильную, верховую и т. п.) прогулку перед завтраком
to give smb. a run - дать пробежаться
I was giving my dog a run in the park - я пустил свою собаку побегать в парке
2. короткая поездкаgood run! - счастливого пути!
3. рейс, маршрутship's run - маршрут /рейс/ корабля
the boat was taken off its usual run - судно было снято со своего обычного рейса
4. 1) переходtrial run - испытательный пробег [см. тж. II 1]
it is a two hour's run from London - это находится в двух часах езды от Лондона
2) ж.-д. перегон, прогон3) ав. полёт; перелёт5. 1) пройденное расстояние; отрезок пути2) ж.-д. пробег (локомотива, вагона)3) ав. отрезок трассы7. 1) тропа ( проложенная животными)2) колея ( след от транспорта)8. период, отрезок ( времени), полосаa run of success [of good luck] - полоса успеха [везения /удачи/]
a run of ill luck - несчастливая полоса, полоса невезения
9. 1) направлениеthe run of the mountains is S.W. - горы тянутся на юго-запад
2) геол. направление рудной жилы10. партия ( изделий)11. тираж (книги и т. п.)12. спорт. ( в крикете и бейсболе)1) единица счёта2) перебежка3) очко за перебежку13. 1) стадо ( животных)2) стая ( птиц)3) косяк ( рыбы)14. карт. ряд, серияa run of cards - карты одной масти, идущие подряд по достоинству; «стрит» ( в покере)
15. средний тип, сорт или разрядthe general run of smth. - что-л. обычное /среднее/
an ordinary run of cloth - обыкновенный /стандартный/ сорт ткани
the common /general, ordinary/ run of men - обыкновенные люди
out of the run - необыкновенный, из ряда вон выходящий, незаурядный
above the ordinary run of mankind - необыкновенный, незаурядный
not like the common run of girls - не такая, как все девушки
16. спросa run on rubber [on a book] - большой спрос на резину [на книгу]
the book had a considerable run - книга пользовалась спросом; книга хорошо распродавалась
a run on the bank - ком. наплыв в банк требований о возвращении вкладов, массовое изъятие вкладов из банка
17. разг. разрешение, право пользоваться (чем-л.)to have the run of smb.'s house - иметь право распоряжаться в чьём-л. доме
to give smb. the (free) run of one's house [books] - разрешить кому-л. (свободно, беспрепятственно) распоряжаться /пользоваться/ своим домом [своими книгами]
I had the run of a well-stocked library - в моём полном распоряжении оказалась богатая библиотека
18. 1) загон (для овец и т. п.)2) вольер (для кур и т. п.)3) австрал. пастбище, особ. овечье4) австрал. скотоводческая ферма19. амер. ручей, поток20. 1) сильный прилив, приток (воды и т. п.)2) амер. ток ( жидкости); истечение21. уклон, трасса22. обвал, оползень23. труба, жёлоб, лоток ( для воды)24. длина (провода, труб)a 500 ft run of pipe - пятисотфутовый отрезок трубы; труба длиной в пятьсот футов
25. размер ( стиха)26. 1) ход рыбы на нерест2) нерестящаяся рыба27. марш ( лестницы)28. мор. кормовое заострение ( корпуса)29. муз. руладаII1. ход, работа, действие (мотора, машины)test /trial/ run - испытание (машины, оборудования и т. п.) [см. тж. I 4, 1)]
an experimental run to test the machinery - опытный /пробный/ запуск агрегата
2. течение, ход (событий и т. п.)the run of the disease - ход /течение/ болезни
the usual /ordinary/ run of things - обычное положение вещей
the run of the market - ком. общая тенденция рыночных цен
3. демонстрирование, показ, просмотр (фильма, спектакля)the first run of the film - премьера кинофильма, выпуск кинофильма на экран
4. провоз ( контрабанды)5. ав. заход на цель (тж. bombing run)6. амер. спустившаяся петля ( на чулке)7. серия ( измерений)♢
at a run - подряд, один за другим [см. тж. I 1, 1)]
in the long run - в конце концов; в конечном счёте; в общем
to go with a run - ≅ идти как по маслу
prices [temperature] came down with a run - цены [температура] резко упали [упала]
to give smb. /to let smb. have/ a good run for his money - а) предоставить кому-л. все удовольствия на свете (обыкн. ирон.); б) заставить кого-л. побегать, поволноваться и т. п.
it's all in the day's run - это всё обычно, мы ко всему этому привыкли
2. [rʌn] athe run of one's teeth - бесплатное питание (обыкн. за проделанную работу)
1. жидкий; расплавленный; растопленный2. вылитый в расплавленном состоянии; литой3. отцеженный, отфильтрованный4. разг. контрабандный5. нерестящийсяrun fish - рыба, пришедшая в пресную воду на нерест
6. спец. мягкийrun coal - мягкий или сыпучий уголь; мягкий битуминозный уголь; рядовой уголь
7. диал. свернувшийся, скисший ( о молоке)3. [rʌn] v (ran, run)I1. бежать, бегатьto run fast [slowly, as hard as one can, like a deer] — бегать быстро [медленно, изо всех сил, как олень]
to run a mile — пробежать милю [ср. тж. II А 6, 2)]
to run about the streets [the fields] — бегать /носиться/ по улицам [по полям]
to run at smb.'s heels — бежать рядом ( о собаке)
to run past smb. — пробежать мимо кого-л.
to run after smb. — а) бежать за кем-л.; run after him — беги за ним!, догони его!; б) ухаживать, «бегать» за кем-л.
run after smth. — бежать за чем-л.
to run for smb. — сбегать за кем-л.
to run to smb. for help — побежать к кому-л. за помощью
she always runs to me in case of trouble — когда у неё неприятности, она всегда прибегает /обращается/ ко мне
I must run now — я должен уже бежать, мне пора (уходить)
2. гнать, подгонятьhe ran me breathless /off my logs, off my feet/ — он меня совершенно загнал, он меня загнал до изнеможения
3. убегать, спасаться бегством (тж. run away, run off)to run from smb., smth. — убегать от кого-л., чего-л.
to run for it — разг. удирать, спасаться, искать спасения в бегстве
to run for one's life /for dear life/ — разг. бежать /удирать/ изо всех сил
to run before the sea — мор. уходить от волны
to run out of range — воен. выходить за пределы досягаемости ( огня)
4. 1) двигаться, катиться, скользитьto run on rails — ходить /двигаться/ по рельсам
to run off the rails — а) сойти с рельсов (о поезде, трамвае); б) сбиться с пути (праведного); в) ≅ с катушек долой
the ship ran before the wind — а) корабль плыл с попутным ветром; б) мор. корабль шёл на фордевинд
life runs smoothly for her — её жизнь течёт гладко /спокойно/
2) амер. разг. катать в автомобиле (кого-л.)5. 1) ходить, следовать, курсировать, плаватьto run every three minutes [daily] — ходить каждые три минуты [ежедневно]
to run behind schedule — опаздывать, отставать от расписания
to run straight for — мор. идти прямо в
to run off the course — мор. сбиваться с курса
to run in with the shore — мор. идти вдоль берега
2) двигаться, идти ( с определённой скоростью)this train runs at 50 miles an hour — этот поезд делает /идёт со скоростью/ пятьдесят миль в час
we run from forty to fifty miles a day — мы проходим /делаем/ от сорока до пятидесяти миль в день
3) съездить (куда-л.) на короткий срокto run up to town (for a day or two) — съездить в город (обыкн. в Лондон) (на день-два)
to run up and visit smb. — съездить к кому-л. погостить
to run down to the country — съездить в деревню /в провинцию/ (обыкн. из Лондона)
4) ав. совершать пробег, разбег5) ав. заходить на цель6. 1) бежать, лететь, протекать ( о времени)time runs fast — время бежит /летит/
2) идти, происходить (о событиях и т. п.)7. проноситься, мелькатьthoughts run in /through/ one's head [mind] — мысли мелькают /проносятся/ в голове [в уме]
8. (быстро) распространятьсяa rumour ran through the town — по городу разнёсся /распространился, пополз/ слух
the news ran like wildfire /like lightning/ — новость распространилась с молниеносной быстротой
a murmur ran through the ranks — ропот пробежал /прокатился/ по рядам
a cheer ran down the line — возгласы одобрения /крики ура/ прокатились по строю
I felt the blood running to my head — я почувствовал, как кровь ударила /бросилась/ мне в голову
9. 1) тянуться, простираться, расстилатьсяto run north and south — тянуться /простираться/ на север и на юг
this line runs from... to... — этот маршрут проходит от... до..., эта линия соединяет...
2) ползти, виться ( о растениях)10. проводить, прокладывать11. 1) быть действительным на определённый срок2) распространяться на определённую территорию, действовать на определённой территорииso far as British justice runs — там, где действует британское правосудие
3) иметь хождение ( о деньгах)4) сопровождать в качестве непременного условияa right-of-way that runs with the land — земля, через которую проходит полоса отчуждения (шоссе и т. п.)
12. 1) течь, литься, сочиться, струитьсяthis river runs smoothly — эта река течёт плавно /спокойно/
wait till the water runs hot — подожди, пока не пойдёт горячая вода
blood ran in torrents — кровь текла /лилась/ ручьём
till the blood ran — пока не потекла /не показалась/ кровь
tears ran down her cheeks — слёзы текли /катились/ по её щекам /лицу/
her eyes ran with tears — её глаза наполнились слезами; из её глаз потекли слёзы
the kettle is beginning to run — чайник закипает /льётся через край/
the scolding ran off him like water off a duck's back — его ругают, а с него как с гуся вода
2) протекать, течьthis tap [barrel, pen] runs — этот кран [бочонок, эта ручка] течёт
his nose was running, he was running at the nose — у него текло из носу
his eyes run — у него слезятся /гноятся/ глаза
3) разливаться, расплываться4) таять, течь5) (into) сливаться, переходить (во что-л.)to run into one — сливаться, объединяться воедино
to run into one another — переходить один в другой, сливаться в одно
13. лить, наливатьto run water into a bath-tub — наливать воду в ванну, напускать ванну
14. 1) вращатьсяa wheel [a spindle] runs — колесо [шпиндель] вращается
to run (up)on an axis — а) вращаться вокруг оси; б) вращаться на оси
2) (on, upon) касаться (какой-л. темы и т. п.)his mind kept running on the problem — его мысли всё время вертелись вокруг этой проблемы; он всё время думал об этой проблеме
our talk /the conversation/ ran on recent events — мы всё время говорили /разговор шёл/ о недавних событиях
3) (over) касаться, слегка дотрагиваться до (чего-л.)15. гласитьthe story runs that (the bank will close) — говорят, что (банк закроется)
the proverb runs like this — вот как звучит эта пословица, эта пословица гласит
16. проходить; преодолевать ( препятствие)to run rapids — преодолевать пороги, проходить через пороги
17. линять18. амер., австрал. дразнить (кого-л.), приставать (к кому-л.), дёргать (кого-л.)19. стр. покрывать штукатуркойII А1. руководить (учреждением и т. п.); вести (дело, предприятие и т. п.)to run a business — вести дело, управлять предприятием
to run a factory — управлять фабрикой, быть управляющим на фабрике
to run a theatre — руководить театром, быть директором театра
to run the house (for smb.) — вести (чьё-л.) хозяйство
to run the show — разг. заправлять (чем-л.)
who is running the show? — разг. кто здесь главный?
2. 1) управлять ( автомобилем); водить (автобус и т. п.)to run the engine — запускать двигатель /мотор/
to run a car into a garage [off the road] — поставить автомобиль в гараж [съехать на обочину]
2) водить корабль без конвоя ( во время войны)to run (the) trials — мор. а) производить ходовые испытания; б) проходить ходовые испытания
4. работать, действовать ( о машине)the motor runs smoothly [very nice] — мотор работает ровно /спокойно/ [хорошо]
you mustn't let the machine run free /idle/ — ты не должен допускать, чтобы машина работала вхолостую /на холостом ходу/
an engine that runs at a very high speed — мотор, работающий на больших скоростях
5. 1) пускать ( линию); открывать (трассу, сообщение)an express train runs between these cities — между этими городами ходит поезд /есть железнодорожное сообщение/
2) отправлять (автобусы и т. п.) на линию, по маршруту6. 1) проводить (соревнования, бега, скачки; тж. run off)we are running a competition to find new dancers — мы проводим конкурс, чтобы выявить новых танцоров
2) участвовать (в соревнованиях, в беге, в скачках)to run (in) a race — участвовать в соревнованиях по бегу или в скачках
to run (a race over) a mile — участвовать в беге на одну милю [ср. тж. I 1]
3) занимать место (в соревнованиях и т. п.)to run second [third] — прийти вторым [третьим]
my horse ran last — моя лошадь пришла последней /заняла последнее место/
also ran — также участвовала (в соревнованиях и т. п. — о лошадях), но не заняла призового места [см. тж. ♢ ]
7. 1) демонстрировать, показывать (пьесу, фильм)2) идти (о пьесе, фильме)the film runs for nearly 21/2 hours — фильм идёт почти два с половиной часа
8. 1) перевозить, транспортировать ( груз)to run smb. into London — отвезти кого-л. в Лондон
2) провозить контрабандойto run liquor [drugs, arms] — нелегально /контрабандой/ провозить спиртные напитки [наркотики, оружие]
9. 1) преследовать, травить (зверя и т. п.)to run to earth — а) загнать в нору; б) скрыться в нору; в) выследить; найти, обнаружить; настигнуть; I was run to earth by Ben — Бен еле-еле разыскал меня; to run a quarry to earth — настичь, жертву; г) спрятаться, притаиться
2) преследовать ( по суду)10. подвергаться (риску, опасности)to run risks /hazards, chances/ — рисковать
we ran a chance of getting no dinner — мы могли /нам грозило, мы рисковали/ остаться без обеда
you run the danger of being suspected of theft — есть опасность, что вас заподозрят в краже
11. печатать, опубликовывать, помещать (в газете, журнале)to run a story on the third page — помещать /давать/ рассказ на третьей странице
12. 1) баллотироваться ( на пост)to run for parliament [for office, for president] — баллотироваться в парламент [на (какую-л.) должность, на пост президента]
2) выставлять ( кандидатуру)to run a candidate — выставлять /выдвигать/ кандидата
who(m) will the Republicans run against the Democratic candidate? — кого выставят республиканцы против кандидата (от) демократической партии?
13. выполнять ( поручение)to run errands — а) выполнять поручения; б) быть на посылках, на побегушках
to run messages — быть посыльным, разносить телеграммы и т. п.
14. болтать; распускать ( язык)15. спускаться ( о петле)16. смётывать (платье и т. п.); сшить на скорую руку (тж. to run up)17. идти ( на нерест)18. 1) плавить ( металл)2) лить, отливать ( металл)19. отставать ( о коре деревьев)20. ударить ( по шару), покатить ( шар — в биллиарде)21. диал.1) скисать, свёртываться ( о молоке)2) квасить, приводить к свёртыванию ( молоко)II Б1. to run across smb., smth. случайно встретить кого-л., что-л., случайно встретиться с кем-л., чем-л.; натолкнуться на кого-л., что-л.I ran across him in the street — я случайно встретился /столкнулся/ с ним на улице
2. to run against smth. наталкиваться, налетать, наскакивать на что-л., сталкиваться с чем-л.to run against a rock — наскочить на скалу, удариться о скалу
3. to run against smb. идти, действовать, выступать против кого-л.4. to run smth. against smth. столкнуть что-л. с чем-л.; стукнуть что-л. обо что-л.to run one's head against a wall — а) стукнуться головой о стену; б) прошибать лбом стену
5. to run smb., smth. against smb. выдвигать кого-л., что-л. против кого-л.6. to run at smb., smth. нападать, набрасываться, накидываться на кого-л., что-л.to run at smth. with a knife — броситься на кого-л. с ножом
7. to run into smth.1) налетать, наскакивать, наталкиваться на что-л., сталкиваться с чем-л.to run into a wall [into a tree, into a boulder] — налететь на стену [на дерево, на камень]
to run into a gale — мор. попасть в шторм
climbing higher, we ran into thick mist — поднявшись выше, мы попали в густой туман /оказались в густом тумане/
2) попадать в какое-л. положениеto run into danger [into mischief, into trouble] — попасть в опасное положение [в беду]
we expect to run into a few snags before the machine is ready for production — вполне возможно, что прежде чем машина будет готова к запуску в производство, в ней обнаружатся некоторые недоделки
3) достигать определённого количества, исчисляться определённой суммойthe damages ran into thousands — компенсация за убытки исчислялась тысячами /достигала нескольких тысяч/ (фунтов)
the ship runs into so many tons displacement — мор. корабль имеет водоизмещение, достигающее стольких-то тонн
8. to run into smb. случайно встретить кого-л., столкнуться с кем-л.to run slap into smb. — разг. налететь на кого-л., столкнуться лицом к лицу с кем-л.
9. to run smth., smb. into smth.1) втыкать, вгонять, вонзать что-л. во что-л.2) вводить, ставить; кого-л. в что-л.to run smb. into expense — ввести кого-л. в расход
to run smb. into difficulties — поставить кого-л. в трудное положение
10. to run smth., smb. into smth., smb. столкнуть что-л., кого-л. с чем-л., кем-л.; заставить что-л., кого-л. налететь, наскочить, натолкнуться на что-л., на кого-л.he lost control of the car and ran it into a lamp-post — он потерял управление и врезался в фонарный столб
11. to run on smth. = to run upon smth.12. to run out of smth. истощать запас чего-л.; иссякать (о запасах и т. п.)to run out of ammunition — воен. израсходовать боеприпасы
to run out of altitude — ав. терять высоту полёта
13. to run smth. over smth., smb. проводить чем-л. по чему-л., кому-л.to run one's hand [fingers] (down [up]) over his face [her] — провести рукой [пальцами] (вниз [вверх]) по его лицу [по ней]
to run an eye over smth., smb. — окинуть взглядом, бегло осмотреть что-л., кого-л.
he ran a rapid eye over the papers — он бросил быстрый взгляд на бумаги /газеты/, он быстро пробежал глазами бумаги /газеты/
14. to run smth. through smth. продевать, пропускать что-л. через что-л.to run a thread through an eyelet — продеть нитку в ушко /в петлю/
to run one's fingers [a comb] through one's [smb.'s] hair — провести пальцами [расчёской] по своим [по чьим-л.] волосам
to run a pen [a pencil] through smth. — зачеркнуть /прочеркнуть, перечеркнуть/ что-л. ручкой [карандашом]
15. to run smth. through smb., to run smb. through with smth. пронзать, прокалывать кого-л. чем-л.to run a sword through smb., to run smb. through with a sword — проколоть /проткнуть, пронзить/ кого-л. шпагой
16. to run through smth.1) бегло прочитывать /просматривать/ что-л.to run through the text [papers] — бегло /быстро/ просмотреть текст /бумаги/
2) разг. повторять (особ. вкратце)I'll just run through the main points of the subject — разрешите вкратце напомнить главные разделы этой темы
would you mind running through your proposals? — пожалуйста, перечислите вкратце ваши предложения
3) репетироватьI'd like to run you through that scene you have with Ophelia — я бы хотел повторить вашу сцену с Офелией
4) тратитьto run through money /fortune/ — промотать деньги /состояние/
17. to run over smth.1) бегло просматривать, пробегать (что-л. глазами)to run over a text [one's part, the names] — просматривать текст [свою роль, список имён]
2) повторять3) репетировать; прослушивать актёра, читающего рольjust run over my lines with me before the rehearsal begins — пожалуйста, послушайте мою роль, пока ещё не началась репетиция (всей пьесы)
18. to run to smth.1) тяготеть к чему-л., иметь склонность к чему-л.to run to fat — а) быть предрасположенным к полноте; б) разг. толстеть, жиреть; в) превращаться в жир
to run to sentiment — а) быть склонным к сентиментальности; б) быть сентиментальным
to run to any length /to anything/ — пойти на что угодно
to run to forgery — пойти на подделку (подписи, документов)
2) достигать (суммы, цифры)the increase may run to ten thousand pounds — увеличение может достигнуть суммы в десять тысяч фунтов
that will run to a pretty penny — это влетит /встанет/ в копеечку
3) хватать, быть достаточным19. to run (up)on smth. неожиданно, внезапно встретиться с чем-л., натолкнуться, наскочить на что-л.to run (up)on rocks — а) потерпеть крушение; б) натолкнуться на непреодолимые препятствия
to run on a mine — мор. наскочить на мину
20. to run smth. (up)on smth. натолкнуть на что-л., заставить наехать на что-л.21. to run smb. up /over, down/ to some place отвезти кого-л. куда-л.to run smb. up to town — отвезти кого-л. в город (обыкн. в Лондон)
22. to run with smb. преим. амер. общаться с кем-л.; водить компанию с кем-л.a ram running with ewes — баран, пасущийся с овечками
23. to run counter to smth. противоречить, идти вразрез с чем-л.III А1. становиться, делатьсяto run dry — а) высыхать; the river ran dry — река высохла /пересохла/; б) выдыхаться, иссякать
my imagination ran dry — моё воображение истощилось, моя фантазия иссякла
to run high — а) подниматься ( о приливе); б) волноваться ( о море); the sea runs high — море волнуется; в) разгораться ( о страстях); passions /feelings/ ran high — страсти разгорались /бушевали/; г) возрастать ( о ценах)
the tide is running strong — вода быстро прибывает, прилив быстро поднимается
to run low — а) понижаться, опускаться; б) истощаться, иссякать, быть на исходе; кончаться
supplies ran low — запасы были на исходе /кончались/
his funds [stores] are running low — его фонды [запасы] подходят к концу
to run short — истощаться, подходить к концу
I have run short of money, my money has run short — у меня кончились деньги, мне не хватило денег
to run wild — а) бурно разрастаться; the garden is running wild — сад зарастает; б) расти без присмотра; не получить образования; в) разойтись, разыграться; his imagination ran wild — его воображение разыгралось; г) не знать удержу, пуститься во все тяжкие
2. быть, являтьсяthe apples [pears] run large /big/ this year — в этом году яблоки [груши] крупные
they run in all shapes — они бывают разной формы /всех видов, всякие, разные/
to run in the blood /in the family/ — быть наследственным
courage [the collecting spirit, fondness for music] runs in the family — храбрость [страсть к коллекционированию, любовь к музыке] — это у них семейное
3. иметьI think I am running a temperature — мне кажется, что у меня (поднимается) температура
he always runs a fever if he gets his feet wet — его всегда лихорадит, если он промочит ноги
♢
an also ran — неудачник [см. тж. II А 6, 3)]
to run riot см. riot I ♢
to run the show — распоряжаться; быть во главе; ≅ командовать парадом
to run smth. close — быть почти равным (по качеству и т. п.)
to run smb. close — а) быть чьим-л. опасным соперником; б) быть почти равным кому-л.
to run to cover — уйти от /избежать/ опасности; принять меры предосторожности
to cut and run — убегать; удирать, спасаться бегством; бежать со всех ног; улепётывать
to run foul (of) — а) мор. столкнуться ( с другим судном); б) ист. брать на абордаж; в) поссориться; вступить в конфликт
to run oneself [smb.] into the ground — измотать себя [кого-л.]; совершенно измочалить себя (работой, спортом и т. п.)
to run smb. ragged см. ragged ♢
to run to seed см. seed I ♢
to run a mile (from) — бегать от кого-л.; изо всех сил избегать кого-л.
he was a bore whom everyone ran a mile from — он был занудой, от которого все старались избавиться
to run it /things/ fine — иметь в обрез (времени, денег)
to run out of steam см. steam I 3
to run rings round см. ring1 I ♢
to run before the hounds — забегать вперед, опережать события
to run the wrong hare — просчитаться, ошибиться в расчётах; пойти по ложному следу
to run aground — мор. а) сесть или посадить на мель; to run a ship aground — посадить корабль на мель; б) выбрасываться на берег
to run ashore — мор. выбрасываться на берег; приткнуться к берегу
to run a line [a rope] ashore — передать /бросить/ конец [трос] на берег
to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds — посл. ≅ служить и нашим и вашим; вести двойную игру
he who runs may read — посл. всякий поймёт, всякому доступно /понятно/ (о чём-л. лёгком, доступном для понимания)
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92 ♦ one
♦ one /wʌn/A a. num. card. e a. indef.1 un, uno: one million, un milione; a hundred and one, cento uno; one pound eleven, ( un tempo) una sterlina e undici scellini; ( ora) una sterlina e undici penny; forty-one, quarantuno; one in ten, uno su dieci; one day only, soltanto un giorno; One is my lucky number, l'uno è il mio numero fortunato; I'll stay one night, mi fermo per una notte; a one-metre rise in sea level, un aumento del livello del mare di un metro; To read a foreign language is one thing; to speak it is another, leggere una lingua straniera è una cosa; parlarla, un'altra; from one end of the street to the other, da un capo all'altro della strada; Only one soldier out of a hundred is a graduate, solo un soldato su cento è laureato2 solo; unico; stesso: I have one friend here, ho un solo amico qui; We all gave one answer, demmo tutti la stessa risposta; That's the one way to do it, questo è l'unico modo di farlo; No one man could do it, nessuno potrebbe farlo da soloB n.2 un anno ( di età): His son is one, suo figlio ha un anno; a one-year-old, un bambino (o una bambina) di un anno4 (fam. ingl.) bel tipo; birbante; birbantello, birba; bricconcello: Oh, you are a one!, sei proprio un bel tipo!; va là che la sai lunga!C pron. indef.1 uno, una; un certo, una certa: One came running, uno è venuto correndo; one of these days, uno di questi giorni; un giorno o l'altro; one of the richest women in Italy, una delle donne più ricche d'Italia; I bought the house from one Mr Jones, comprai la casa da un certo (signor) Jones2 (costruzione impers.) uno; si: One has to do one's best, si deve fare del proprio meglio NOTA D'USO: - you o one?-D pron. dimostr.1 quello, quella: I don't want the black pencil; I want the red one, non voglio la matita nera; voglio quella rossa; I prefer large ones, preferisco quelli grandi2 (idiom.) this one or that one, questo o quello; Which one do you prefer?, quale ( di questi, di quelli) preferisci?; I don't want these; I'd like the ones over there, non voglio questi; vorrei quelli laggiù; His father was a doctor and he wants to be one too, suo padre era medico e anche lui vuole diventarlo; He worked like one possessed, lavorava come un ossesso● the one about, quella ( la barzelletta) di (o su): Have you heard the one about the parrot and the cat?, la sai quella del pappagallo e del gatto? □ (relig.) the One above (o the Holy One), l'Essere Supremo; Dio □ one after another, l'uno dopo l'altro □ ( sport) one all, ( calcio, ecc.) uno a uno; ( tennis) uno pari □ one and all, tutti; tutti quanti □ (enfat.) one and the same, identico; uguale; medesimo □ one another (pron. recipr.), l'un l'altro; tra di noi (o voi, loro); reciprocamente: Love one another, amatevi (l'un l'altro) NOTA D'USO: - each other o one another?- □ one-armed, monco; con un braccio solo □ (fig. fam.) one-armed bandit, macchina mangiasoldi; slot machine □ (fam. USA) one bagger = one-base hit ► sotto □ ( baseball) one-base hit, battuta che consente di raggiungere la prima base □ one by one, a uno a uno; uno per uno; uno alla volta □ (naut., tur.) one-class liner, piroscafo a classe unica □ ( ciclismo) one-day race, corsa in linea; gara in linea □ one-dimensional, (mat.) unidimensionale; (fig.) noioso, tedioso □ (mat.) one-dimensionality, unidimensionalità □ one-directional, unidirezionale □ to be one down, avere fatto un punto in meno; (fig.) essere in (posizione di) svantaggio; ( sport) essere sotto (o in svantaggio) di un gol (di un canestro, ecc.) □ one-eyed, che ha un occhio solo, guercio, monocolo; (fig.) parziale, prevenuto, miope (fig.) □ ( pallavolo) one-foot takeoff, stacco su un piede solo □ ( calcio, ecc.) one-footed player, giocatore ‘unipiede’ ( che usa solo il destro o il sinistro) □ one-hand, eseguito con una mano sola: ( pallavolo) one-hand dig, recupero con una mano sola; ( basket, ecc.) one-hand pass, passaggio con una mano; one-hand shot, tiro con una mano sola □ one-handed, che ha una mano sola, monco; eseguito con una mano sola: one-horse, tirato da un solo cavallo, a un cavallo; (fig.) antiquato, piccolo, provinciale; (fig., scherz.) male in arnese: a one-horse sleigh, una slitta trainata da un solo cavallo; a one-horse town, un piccolo paese insignificante □ a one-horse race, una corsa (un'elezione politica, ecc.) che ha già il vincitore; una gara già vinta in partenza □ (mat.) one hundred, cento; 100 □ ( atletica) the 110-metre hurdles, i centodieci a ostacoli □ ( nuoto) the 100-metre backstroke, i cento (metri) dorso □ ( atletica) the 100-metre dash, i cento metri; i cento □ ( atletica) 100-metre runner, centometrista; centista □ ( nuoto) 100-metre swimmer ( freestyle), centometrista; centista (stile libero) □ one-idea'd (o one-idead), fissato in un'idea; che ha una sola idea fissa in testa □ (fam.) one in the eye, delusione; smacco; scorno □ one in a million, (mat., stat.) uno su un milione; (fig.) (agg.) unico, eccezionale □ one-legged, che ha una gamba sola; mutilato d'una gamba; (fig.) difettoso, zoppicante □ ( USA) one-liner, battuta di spirito; spiritosaggine; freddura □ ( tennis) one love, uno a zero □ one-man, individuale, di un singolo, fatto da un solo uomo: (leg., fin.) one-man business (o company), azienda (o ditta) individuale; società autocratica (o unipersonale); one-man job, lavoro fatto da un uomo solo □ one-man band, suonatore ambulante che suona vari strumenti che porta addosso; (fig.) attività svolta per conto proprio, da solo □ one-man show, ( arte) (mostra) personale; (mus.) recital; (fig.) attività svolta per conto proprio, da solo □ (polit.) one man, one vote, ogni cittadino, un voto; il suffragio universale □ ( atletica) the one-mile run, il miglio □ a one-minute silence, un minuto di silenzio (o di raccoglimento) □ one-night stand, (teatr.) serata unica; (fam.) avventura (amorosa) di una notte sola; notte d'amore (fam.) □ one of a kind, unico □ one-off, (agg.) fatto in esemplare unico; unico, straordinario; (sost.) caso del tutto unico, risultato atipico; pezzo unico, modello esclusivo; artista (attore, giocatore, ecc.) straordinario, unico al mondo: a one-off performance, una rappresentazione (o esecuzione) straordinaria □ a one-off job, un lavoro su commissione □ (econ.) one-off production, produzione singola (o su commessa) □ (fam. USA) one-on-one, a confronto diretto, faccia a faccia, a tu per tu, a quattr'occhi □ ( sport) one-on-one defence, difesa a uomo □ one or two, uno o due; ( per estens.) pochi, pochissimi □ (demogr.) one-parent family, famiglia monoparentale □ (demogr.) one-person household, famiglia mononucleare; famiglia composta da una persona sola □ ( sport) a one-piece suit, una tuta monopezzo □ a one-piece swimsuit, un (costume da bagno) monopezzo □ (market.) one-price, a prezzo unico □ «One price» ( cartello), «Prezzi fissi» □ (fam. USA) one-shot = one-off ► sopra □ one-sided, unilaterale; (fig.) parziale; ineguale, impari: (stat.) one-sided test, test unilaterale; one-sided judgement, giudizio parziale; ( sport) one-sided match, incontro impari (o sbilanciato) □ one-sidedness, unilateralità; (fig.) parzialità; inegualità, l'essere impari □ (market.) one size ( fits all), misura unica ( di guanti di lana, ecc.) □ (tur.: di un albergo) one-star, a una stella □ (mus.) one-step, one-step ( ballo) □ one-stop, che fornisce beni e servizi correlati nello stesso luogo: one-stop shop, negozio o ufficio che fornisce tutto il necessario ( per un determinato scopo) □ (stat.) one-tailed test, test a una coda □ (mat.) one thousand, mille; 1000 □ (comput.) one-time password, password monouso □ (comput.) one-to-many, (relazione) uno a molti □ (mat., comput.) one to one, uno a uno; biunivocamente □ one-to-one, (mat., comput.) (relazione) uno a uno, biunivoca; (fig.) faccia a faccia, individuale: ( sport e fig.) one-to-one challenge, sfida faccia a faccia; (mat., comput.) one-to-one correspondence, corrispondenza biunivoca; a one-to-one interview, un'intervista faccia a faccia □ ( sport) one-two, ( boxe) uno-due, doppietta; ( calcio) uno-due, triangolazione; ( scherma) uno-due, finta e cavazione □ one-track, ( di ferrovia) a un solo binario; ( di un nastro magnetico) a una (sola) pista □ a one-track mind, una mente fissata in una sola idea: You have a one-track mind!, allora hai il chiodo fisso! □ (fam.) to be one up, avere fatto un punto in più; (fig.) essere in (posizione di) vantaggio; ( sport) essere sopra (o in vantaggio) di un gol (di un canestro, ecc.) □ (fam.) one-upmanship, arte di procurarsi (o di mantenere) un vantaggio sugli altri; il voler surclassare q. a tutti i costi □ (autom.) «One way» ( cartello), «senso unico» □ one-way, ( di strada e fig.) a senso unico; (elettr., comput.) unidirezionale; (stat.) a un'entrata, monovalente: a one-way street, una strada a senso unico; un senso unico; one-way admiration, ammirazione a senso unico; (comput.) one-way communication, comunicazione unidirezionale; (stat.) one-way classification, classificazione a un'entrata □ one-way media, ‘media’ semplici ( non interattivi) □ one-way mirror, vetro specchiato; finto specchio □ (trasp., USA) one-way ticket, biglietto di sola andata □ (comm. est.) one-way trade, scambio unidirezionale □ one-woman, ( di lavoro, ecc.) fatto da una donna sola; individuale □ to be all one, essere tutti uniti (o d'accordo) □ ( all) in one, tutt'insieme; al tempo stesso: He is chairman and treasurer in one, è al tempo stesso presidente e cassiere □ an all-in-one knife, un coltello multiuso ( cacciavite, cavaturaccioli, ecc.) □ to be at one, essere uniti: We are at one now, ora noi siamo uniti (o d'accordo) □ to become one, ( di oggetti, ecc.) essere unificati; ( di persone) essere uniti in matrimonio □ by ones and twos, a uno o due alla volta; alla spicciolata □ every one of you, ciascuno di voi □ for one, quanto a me (a te, ecc.); per esempio; per fare un caso; intanto: I, for one, don't believe it, quanto a me, non ci credo; Smith, for one, will not agree, Smith, per esempio, non sarà d'accordo □ for one thing, tanto per dirne una; tanto per cominciare; in primo luogo: For one thing, he drinks, tanto per dirne una, è un beone □ to go one better, offrire (o rischiare) un po' di più ( di un altro) □ (fig.) in the year one, molti anni fa □ no one, nessuno □ (fam.) never a one, nessuno; non uno □ I'm not ( the) one to do that, non sono tipo da farlo □ (fam.) You're a sly one!, sei un furbacchione, tu! □ They answered with one voice, risposero a una (sola) voce (o in coro) □ It is one too many for him, è un po' troppo (troppo difficile, ecc.) per lui □ It's all one to me what you do, qualunque cosa tu faccia, mi è indifferente □ (market.) Buy one, get one free, compri due, paghi uno. -
93 time
time [taɪm]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. noun3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. nouna. temps m• have you got time to wait for me? est-ce que tu as le temps de m'attendre ?• the letter was in my pocket all the time la lettre était dans ma poche depuis le début► in good time ( = with time to spare) en avance• let me know in good time prévenez-moi suffisamment à l'avance► to take + time• to take time out to do sth trouver le temps de faire qch ; (during studies) interrompre ses études pour faire qch► to have time for• I've no time for that sort of thing ( = too busy) je n'ai pas de temps pour ça ; ( = not interested) ce genre d'histoire ne m'intéresse pasb. ( = period) for a time pendant un certain temps• what a long time you've been! il vous en a fallu du temps !• for a short time we thought that... pendant un moment nous avons pensé que...► some timec. ( = period worked) to work full time travailler à plein temps• we get paid time and a half on Saturdays le samedi, nous sommes payés une fois et demie le tarif normald. ( = day) temps m• what great times we've had! c'était le bon temps !f. (by clock) heure f• what time is it? quelle heure est-il ?• what time is he arriving? à quelle heure est-ce qu'il arrive ?• the time is 4.30 il est 4 heures et demie► preposition + time• just in time (for sth/to do sth) juste à temps (pour qch/pour faire qch)g. ( = moment) moment m• by the time I had finished, it was dark le temps que je termine, il faisait nuit• some times... at other times des fois... des fois• the time has come to decide... il est temps de décider...h. ( = occasion) fois f• the times I've told him that! je le lui ai dit je ne sais combien de fois !i. (multiplying) fois f• ten times the size of... dix fois plus grand que...a. ( = choose time of) [+ visit] choisir le moment de• you timed that perfectly! vous ne pouviez pas mieux choisir votre moment !• well-timed [remark, entrance] tout à fait opportunb. ( = count time of) [+ race, runner, worker] chronométrer ; [+ programme, piece of work] minuter3. compounds• a time-honoured tradition une tradition ancienne or vénérable ► time-lag noun (between events) décalage m• to take time off from work prendre un congé ► time-share transitive verb (Computing) utiliser en temps partagé noun maison f (or appartement m ) en multipropriété• it's like living in a time warp c'est comme si on était transporté dans une autre époque ► time zone noun fuseau m horaire* * *[taɪm] 1.1) ( continuum) temps min ou with time —
as time goes/went by — avec le temps
2) ( specific duration) temps mflight/journey time — durée f du vol/voyage
you've got all the time in the world —
you took a long time! —
in no time at all —
in five days'/weeks' time — dans cinq jours/semaines
in your own time — ( at your own pace) à ton rythme; ( outside working hours) en dehors des heures de travail
3) (hour of the day, night) heure fwhat time is it? —
10 am French time — 10 heures, heure française
this time last week/year — il y a exactement huit jours/un an
the train times — les horaires mpl des trains
to lose time — [clock] retarder
not before time! — il était (or il est) grand temps!
4) (era, epoch) époque ftime was ou there was a time when one could... — à une certaine époque on pouvait...
to keep up ou move with the times — être à la page
in times past —
it was before my time — ( before my birth) je n'étais pas encore né; ( before I came here) je n'étais pas encore ici
5) ( moment) moment mby the time I finished the letter the post had gone — le temps de finir ma lettre et le courrier était parti
from that ou this time on — à partir de ce moment
6) ( occasion) fois ftime after time —
7) ( experience)to have a tough ou hard time doing — avoir du mal à faire
he's having a rough ou hard ou tough time — il traverse une période difficile
the good/bad times — les moments heureux/difficiles
8) Administration ( hourly rate)to work/be paid time — travailler/être payé à l'heure
9) Music mesure fto beat ou mark time — battre la mesure
10) Sport temps m11) Mathematics, fig2.ten times longer/stronger — dix fois plus long/plus fort
transitive verb1) ( schedule) gen prévoir; fixer [appointment, meeting]we time our trips to fit in with school holidays — nous faisons coïncider nos voyages avec les vacances scolaires
to be well-/badly-timed — être opportun/inopportun
2) ( judge) calculer [blow, shot]3) (measure speed, duration) chronométrer [athlete, cyclist]; mesurer la durée de [journey, speech]3.••to have time on one's hands — ( for brief period) avoir du temps devant soi; ( longer) avoir beaucoup de temps libre
to do time — (colloq) ( prison) faire de la taule (colloq)
long time no see! — (colloq) ça fait un bail (colloq) (qu'on ne s'est pas vu)!
-
94 feel
[fiːl] 1. n2. vt; pt, pp feltit has a smooth/prickly feel — to jest gładkie/kłujące w dotyku
to feel that … — uważać, że …
I feel I'm neglecting him — czuję, że go zaniedbuję
she knew how I felt about it — wiedziała, co sądzę na ten temat
I feel cold/hot — jest mi zimno/gorąco
to feel lonely/better — czuć się samotnie/lepiej
Phrasal Verbs:* * *[fi:l]past tense, past participle - felt; verb1) (to become aware of (something) by the sense of touch: She felt his hand on her shoulder.) czuć2) (to find out the shape, size, texture etc of something by touching, usually with the hands: She felt the parcel carefully.) macać3) (to experience or be aware of (an emotion, sensation etc): He felt a sudden anger.) czuć4) (to think (oneself) to be: She feels sick; How does she feel about her work?) czuć się5) (to believe or consider: She feels that the firm treated her badly.) uważać•- feeler- feeling
- feel as if / as though
- feel like
- feel one's way
- get the feel of -
95 по
предл.
1) (на поверхности) on;
along (вдоль) ;
all along( по всей поверхности) идти по полу ≈ walk on the floor идти по траве ≈ walk on the grass ехать по дороге ≈ walk/drive along the path/road книги разложены по всему столу ≈ the books are lying all over the table чашки расставлены по всему столу ≈ the cups are standing all over the table
2) (посредством, при помощи) by, over по почте ≈ by post, by mail по железной дороге ≈ by road, by train по радио ≈ over the radio по телефону ≈ over the telephone
3) (на основании, в соответствии) by, according to (согласно), in accordance with (согласно занимаемому положению) по приказу ≈ by order по природе ≈ by nature по имени ≈ by name по его виду можно подумать... ≈ from his looks you might suppose по адресу
4) (вследствие) by, through по ошибке ≈ by mistake по невнимательности ≈ through carelessness не по его вине ≈ through no fault of his
5) (при обозначении времени) in, at, on по утрам ≈ in the morning по ночам ≈ at night по выходным ≈ on one's free days, on one's off days
6) (в значении до) to, up to по пояс ≈ up to one's waist с июня по сентябрь ≈ from June till September по сю сторону ≈ on this side по ту сторону ≈ on that side
7) (после) on по прибытии ≈ on one's arrival по окончании ≈ on one's termination
8) (в разделительном значении) по два ≈ in twos по десяти ≈ in tens по двое ≈ two by two, in twos по десяти человек ≈ in groups of ten, in tens
1. (на поверхности) on, over;
(в пределах чего-л.) through, about;
(вдоль) along, down;
идти по ковру walk on the carpet;
идти по улице walk down/along the street;
ходить по улицам walk the streets;
ходить no городу walk throuth the town;
ходить по комнате walk about the room;
(взад и вперёд) pace up and down the room;
бродить по свету wander about the world;
ползать по полу crawl about the floor;
книги разбросаны по всему столу the books are scattered all over the table;
2. (посредством чего-л.) by, over;
по железной дороге by rail;
по воздуху by air;
по суше by land;
по телефону, радио over the telephone, the radio;
послать что-л. по почте send* smth. by post;
3. (согласно) according to, by;
по праву by right: по моим часам by my watch;
по его желанию according to his wish;
пo приказу by order (of) ;
по мирному договору under the peace treaty;
по плану according to plan;
по собственному выбору of one`s own choice;
4. (вследствие чего-л.) due to, owing to;
по болезни due/owing to illness;
по любви for love;
по рассеянности through absent-mindedness, in a moment of absent-mindedness;
5. (пpи обозначении времени) in, on;
(в течение) for;
по воскресеньям on Sundays;
по вечерам in the evening;
не писать по месяцам not write* for months;
6. (в области чего-л., в сфере чего-л.) in, on;
специализироваться по физике specialize in physics;
книга по математике а book on mathematics;
работать по дому do* housework;
матч, встреча по теннису tennis match;
7. (на основании каких-л. признаков) by, in;
добрый по характеру kind by nature;
бухгалтер по профессии accoutant by profession;
человек по имени Александр а man* by the name of Alexander;
крестьянин по происхождению a peasant by origin;
первый по величине first in size;
отличный по качеству of excellent quality;
8. (в сочетании с числительными) in, by;
по два in twos;
по двое in twos, two by two, two and two;
по три in/by threes;
по десять in tens;
9. (указывает на количество чего-л. при распределении, обозначении цены и т. п.): по десяти рублей штука ten roubles each;
дать детям по конфете give* the children а sweet each, give* each child* a sweet;
10. (вплоть до) to, up to, inclusive;
по пояс up to the waist;
с десятого по двадцатое мая from the tenth to the twentieth of May inclusive;
11. (после чего-л.) on;
по прибытии on arrival;
по мне as for me, as far as I am concerned. -
96 much
comparative of; see moremuch adj pron muchodid it rain much? ¿llovió mucho?Se emplea sobre todo en las frases negativas e interrogativas, en las frases afirmativas se emplea a lottr[mʌʧ]1 mucho,-a■ why is there so much traffic? ¿por qué hay tanto tráfico?■ how much money have you got? ¿cuánto dinero tienes?1 mucho■ how much is it? ¿cuánto vale?■ we don't see much of each other nos vemos poco, no nos vemos muy a menudo1 mucho\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLa bit much un poco demasiado, un poco excesivo,-ait is as much as somebody can do to... apenas..., a duras penas...much as (although) por mucho que + subjto be much the same ser más o menos igual, ser más o menos igualesnot to be much of a... no ser muy buen,-na...■ he's not much of a singer no es muy buen cantante, no canta muy biennot to be much good at something no ser muy bueno,-a en algothat's not saying much eso no significa gran cosa, eso no es mucho decirto make much of something dar mucha importancia a algoto not be up to much no valer gran cosawithout so much as sin siquieraI'm much happier: estoy mucho más contentashe talks as much as I do: habla tanto como yoit has much validity: tiene mucha valideztoo much time: demasiado tiempomuch pron: mucho, -chaI don't need much: no necesito muchoadj.• asaz adj.• mucho, -a adj.adv.• casi adv.• con mucho adv.• mucho adv.• muy adv.• más o menos adv.n.• mucho s.m.pron.• mucho pron.
I mʌtʃadjective mucho, -cha$2 too much — 2 dólares de más
without much effort — sin mucho or sin demasiado esfuerzo
too much coffee/water — demasiado café/demasiada agua
how much coffee/milk? — ¿cuánto café/cuánta leche?
II
pronoun mucho, -chawhat do you think of the new boss? - not much — (colloq) ¿qué te parece el nuevo jefe? - no gran cosa (fam)
do you see much of the Smiths? — ¿ves mucho a los Smith?, ¿ves a menudo a los Smith?
she won, though not by much o (BrE also) though there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero por poco
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
much of the day — gran parte or la mayor parte del día
I thought/suspected as much — (ya) me lo figuraba
if you so much as touch him, I'll kill you! — como le llegues a poner la mano encima, te mato
so much for true love! — pues si eso es amor...! (iró)
it's a bit much! — ya es demasiado!, es pasarse un poco! (fam)
III
1)a) ( to large extent) muchoit is snowing, but not much — está nevando, pero poco or no mucho
b) ( often) muchoshe doesn't get out as much as she used to — no sale tanto como antes or como solía
2) (before adj, adv) muchothis church is much the larger of the two — de las dos iglesias ésta es, con mucho, la más grande
3) (more or less, approximately)[mʌtʃ]1.ADJ muchothere isn't much time — no tenemos mucho tiempo, tenemos poco tiempo
•
I haven't got as much energy as you — no tengo tanta energía como tú•
how much sugar do you want? — ¿cuánto azúcar quieres?•
so much tea — tanto té•
very much — muchowe haven't very much time — no tenemos mucho tiempo, tenemos poco tiempo
•
without much money — sin mucho dinero2. ADV1) (=a lot) mucho; (before pp) muyit doesn't much matter, it doesn't matter much — no importa mucho
I much regret that... — siento mucho que...
he's much richer than I am or than me — es mucho más rico que yo
•
much as I would like to go — a pesar de que me gustaría mucho ir, aunque me gustaría mucho irmuch as I like him — aunque or a pesar de que me gusta mucho
much as he hated the idea... — a pesar de lo que odiaba la idea...
much as I respect her ideas, I still think she's wrong — a pesar de que respeto mucho sus ideas or aunque respeto mucho sus ideas, creo que está equivocada
•
however much he tries — por mucho que se esfuerce•
I hardly know her, much less her mother — apenas la conozco, y mucho menos a su madre•
not much — no mucho•
thank you (ever) so much — muchísimas gracias, muy agradecido•
much though I like him — por mucho que él me gustemuch though he hated the idea, he knew that... — a pesar de lo que odiaba la idea, sabía que...
he had reservations about the scheme, much though he valued Alison's opinions — tenía sus dudas respecto al plan, a pesar de que valoraba mucho las opiniones de Alison
•
much to my astonishment — para gran sorpresa mía•
he talks too much — habla demasiado•
very much — mucho2) (=by far) con mucho3) (=more or less) más o menos, casi3.PRON muchobut much remains to be done — pero queda mucho que or por hacer
•
you've got as much as she has — tienes tanto como ellait can cost as much as $2,000 — puede llegar a costar 2.000 dólares
•
that's a bit much! * — ¡eso es demasiado!•
there isn't much in it — (between alternatives) no hay mucha diferencia, no va mucho de uno a otro•
how much is it a kilo? — ¿cuánto vale el kilo?how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
she won but there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero no por mucho
•
she's not much to look at — físicamente no vale mucho•
to make much of sth — dar mucha importancia a algo•
much of this is true — gran parte de esto es verdadI'm not much of a musician — sé muy poco de música, entiendo poco de música
•
we spent so much — gastamos tanto•
that's too much — eso es demasiado* * *
I [mʌtʃ]adjective mucho, -cha$2 too much — 2 dólares de más
without much effort — sin mucho or sin demasiado esfuerzo
too much coffee/water — demasiado café/demasiada agua
how much coffee/milk? — ¿cuánto café/cuánta leche?
II
pronoun mucho, -chawhat do you think of the new boss? - not much — (colloq) ¿qué te parece el nuevo jefe? - no gran cosa (fam)
do you see much of the Smiths? — ¿ves mucho a los Smith?, ¿ves a menudo a los Smith?
she won, though not by much o (BrE also) though there wasn't much in it — ganó, pero por poco
how much does it cost? — ¿cuánto cuesta?
much of the day — gran parte or la mayor parte del día
I thought/suspected as much — (ya) me lo figuraba
if you so much as touch him, I'll kill you! — como le llegues a poner la mano encima, te mato
so much for true love! — pues si eso es amor...! (iró)
it's a bit much! — ya es demasiado!, es pasarse un poco! (fam)
III
1)a) ( to large extent) muchoit is snowing, but not much — está nevando, pero poco or no mucho
b) ( often) muchoshe doesn't get out as much as she used to — no sale tanto como antes or como solía
2) (before adj, adv) muchothis church is much the larger of the two — de las dos iglesias ésta es, con mucho, la más grande
3) (more or less, approximately) -
97 Lewis, John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. c. 1815 England[br]English developer of a machine for shearing woollen cloth with rotary cutters.[br]To give a smooth surface to cloth such as the old English broadcloth, the nap was raised and then sheared off. Hand-operated shears of enormous size were used to cut the fibres that stuck up when the cloth was laid over a curved table top. Great skill was required to achieve a smooth finish. Various attempts, such as that in 1784 by James Harmer, a clergyman of Sheffield, were made to mechanize the process by placing several pairs of shears in a frame and operating them by cranks, but success was not achieved. Samuel G. Dow of Albany, New York, patented a rotary shearer in England in 1794, and there was Samuel Dore in the same year too. John Lewis never claimed that he invented the rotary cutter, and it is possible that he made have seen drawings or actual examples of these earlier machines. His claim in his patent of 1815 was that, for the first time, he brought together a number of desirable features in one machine for shearing cloth to achieve the first really successful example. The local story in the Stroudwater district in Gloucestershire is that Lewis obtained this idea from Budding, who as a lad worked for the Lewis family, clothiers at Brinscombe Mills; Budding invented a lawn mower with rotary barrel blades that works on the same principle, patenting it in 1830. In the shearing machine, the cloth was moved underneath the blades, which could be of the same width so that only one operation was needed for each side. Other inventors had similar ideas, and a Stroud engineer, Stephen Price, took out a patent a month after Lewis did. These machines spread quickly in the Gloucestershire textile industry, and by 1830 hand-shearing was extinct. John Lewis was the son of Joseph, who had inherited the Brinscombe Mills in 1790 but must have died before 1815, when his children mortgaged the property for £12,000. Joseph's three sons, George, William and John, worked the mill for a time, but in 1840 William was there alone.[br]Bibliography1815, British patent no. 3,945 (rotary shearing machine).Further ReadingJ. de L.Mann, 1971, The Cloth Industry in the West of England from 1660 to 1880, Oxford (the best account of the introduction of the shearing machines).J.Tann, 1967, Gloucestershire Woollen Mills, Newton Abbot (includes notes about the Brinscombe Mills).K.G.Ponting, 1971, The Woollen Industry of South-West England, Bath; and H.A.Randall, 1965–6, "Some mid-Gloucestershire engineers and inventors", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 38 (both mention Lewis's machine).RLH -
98 Coade, Eleanor
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 24 June 1733 Exeter, Devon, Englandd. 18 November 1821 Camberwell, London, England[br]English proprietor of the Coade Factory, making artificial stone.[br]Born Elinor Coade, she never married but adopted, as was customary in business in the eighteenth century, the courtesy title of Mrs. Following the bankruptcy and death of her father, George Coade, in Exeter, Eleanor and her mother (also called Eleanor) moved to London and founded the works at Lambeth, South London, in 1769 that later became famous as the Coade factory. The factory was located at King's Arms Stairs, Narrow Wall. During the eighteenth century, several attempts had been made in other businesses to manufacture a durable, malleable artificial stone that would be acceptable to architects for decorative use. These substances were not very successful, but Coade stone was different. Although stories are legion about the secret formula supposedly used in this artificial stone, modern methods have established the exact formula.Coade stone was a stoneware ceramic material fired in a kiln. The body was remarkable in that it shrank only 8 per cent in drying and firing: this was achieved by using a combination of china clay, sand, crushed glass and grog (i.e. crushed and ground, previously fired stoneware). The Coade formula thus included a considerable proportion of material that, having been fired once already, was unshrinkable. Mrs Coade's name for the firm, Coade's Lithodipyra Terra-Cotta or Artificial Stone Manufactory (where "Lithodipyra" is a term derived from three Greek words meaning "stone", "twice" and "fire"), made reference to the custom of including such material (such as in Josiah Wedgwood's basalt and jasper ware). The especially low rate of shrinkage rendered the material ideal for making extra-life-size statuary, and large architectural, decorative features to be incorporated into stone buildings.Coade stone was widely used for such purposes by leading architects in Britain and Ireland from the 1770s until the 1830s, including Robert Adam, Sir Charles Barry, Sir William Chambers, Sir John Soane, John Nash and James Wyatt. Some architects introduced the material abroad, as far as, for example, Charles Bulfinch's United States Bank in Boston, Massachusetts, and Charles Cameron's redecoration for the Empress Catherine of the great palace Tsarkoe Selo (now Pushkin), near St Petersburg. The material so resembles stone that it is often mistaken for it, but it is so hard and resistant to weather that it retains sharpness of detail much longer than the natural substance. The many famous British buildings where Coade stone was used include the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, Carlton House and the Sir John Soane Museum (all of which are located in London), St George's Chapel at Windsor, Alnwick Castle in Northumberland, and Culzean Castle in Ayrshire, Scotland.Apart from the qualities of the material, the Coade firm established a high reputation for the equally fine quality of its classical statuary. Mrs Coade employed excellent craftsmen such as the sculptor John Bacon (1740–99), whose work was mass-produced by the use of moulds. One famous example which was widely reproduced was the female caryatid from the south porch of the Erechtheion on the acropolis of Athens. A drawing of this had appeared in the second edition of Stuart and Revett's Antiquities of Athens in 1789, and many copies were made from the original Coade model; Soane used them more than once, for example on the Bank of England and his own houses in London.Eleanor Coade was a remarkable woman, and was important and influential on the neo-classical scene. She had close and amicable relations with leading architects of the day, notably Robert Adam and James Wyatt. The Coade factory was enlarged and altered over the years, but the site was finally cleared during 1949–50 in preparation for the establishment of the 1951 Festival of Britain.[br]Further ReadingA.Kelly, 1990, Mrs Coade's Stone, pub. in conjunction with the Georgian Group (an interesting, carefully written history; includes a detailed appendix on architects who used Coade stone and buildings where surviving work may be seen).DY -
99 Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
[br]b. 15 February 1861 Fleurier, Switzerlandd. 13 June 1938 Sèvres, France[br]Swiss physicist who developed two alloys, "invar" and "elinvar", used for the temperature compensation of clocks and watches.[br]Guillaume came from a family of clock-and watchmakers. He was educated at the Gymnasium in Neuchâtel and at Zurich Polytechnic, from which he received his doctorate in 1883 for a thesis on electrolytic capacitors. In the same year he joined the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres in France, where he was to spend the rest of his working life. He retired as Director in 1936. At the bureau he was involved in distributing the national standards of the metre to countries subscribing to the General Conference on Weights and Measures that had been held in 1889. This made him aware of the crucial effect of thermal expansion on the lengths of the standards and he was prompted to look for alternative materials that would be less costly than the platinum alloys which had been used. While studying nickel steels he made the surprising discovery that the thermal expansion of certain alloy compositions was less than that of the constituent metals. This led to the development of a steel containing about 36 per cent nickel that had a very low thermal coefficient of expansion. This alloy was subsequently named "invar", an abbreviation of invariable. It was well known that changes in temperature affected the timekeeping of clocks by altering the length of the pendulum, and various attempts had been made to overcome this defect, most notably the mercury-compensated pendulum of Graham and the gridiron pendulum of Harrison. However, an invar pendulum offered a simpler and more effective method of temperature compensation and was used almost exclusively for pendulum clocks of the highest precision.Changes in temperature can also affect the timekeeping of watches and chronometers, but this is due mainly to changes in the elasticity or stiffness of the balance spring rather than to changes in the size of the balance itself. To compensate for this effect Guillaume developed another more complex nickel alloy, "elinvar" (elasticity invariable), whose elasticity remained almost constant with changes in temperature. This had two practical consequences: the construction of watches could be simplified (by using monometallic balances) and more accurate chronometers could be made.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1920. Corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences. Grand Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. Physical Society Duddell Medal 1928. British Horological Institute Gold Medal 1930.Bibliography1897, "Sur la dilation des aciers au nickel", Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 124:176.1903, "Variations du module d"élasticité des aciers au nickel', Comptes rendushebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 136:498."Les aciers au nickel et leurs applications à l'horlogerie", in J.Grossmann, Horlogerie théorique, Paris, Vol. II, pp. 361–414 (describes the application of invar and elinvar to horology).Sir Richard Glazebrook (ed.), 1923 "Invar and Elinvar", Dictionary of Applied Physics, 5 vols, London, Vol. V, pp. 320–7 (a succinct account in English).Further ReadingR.M.Hawthorne, 1989, Nobel Prize Winners, Physics, 1901–1937, ed. F.N.Magill, Pasadena, Salem Press, pp. 244–51.See also: Le Roy, PierreDVBiographical history of technology > Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
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100 whipsaw
1. сущ.1) бирж. пила* (колебательное движение цены на рынке без какого-либо повышательного или понижательного тренда)The subsequent rally can only be described as a whipsaw. — Но последующее оживление привело исключительно к колебательным движениям цены.
2) бирж.а) ложный [пустой\] сигнал* (начало повышения или понижения цены, которое кажется началом длительного процесса, но скоро оказывается просто колебательным движением цен)An investor expecting a continuation in the direction of a security's price movement is likely to experience whipsaw in a volatile market.
б) (сделка, которая совершена на основании такого сигнала и является таким образом ошибочной)As you can see, the buy was a whipsaw (point F) and the position was liquidated for a small loss ar point G.
Syn:See:2. как прил.фин. пилообразный*, ломанный*а) (о движении цены, которая то снижается, то повышается; о рынке с таким движением цены)The use of the reversal technique therefore helps to reduce misleading or whipsaw signals and to greatly compress the size of the chart so that more data can be plotted.
You must be especially careful in a sideways market because too many whipsaw buy and sell signals often lose money during trading ranges.
In a whipsaw market, being short a put and a call at the same strike price can be extremely painful.
б) (о торговле в условиях, когда наблюдается пилообразное движении цены; обычно считается нежелательной торговлей, так как часто ведет к убыткам)Revolutionary whipsaw trading method shocks pros – and earns 100s of pips per week! — Революционный метод пилообразной торговли шокирует профессионалов и приносит сотни пипсов в неделю!
This has been a volatile, whipsaw trading environment for many gold, and gold stock traders.
If the bands are placed too close to the current price level, a large number of false breakouts (leading to whipsaw trades) will occur
в) (об убытках, которые возникают из-за того, что инвестор начинает торговлю в расчете на повышательный или понижательный тренд, но сталкивается с пилообразным движением цены)whipsaw losses, losses from whipsaw trades — потери от пилообразного движения цены
3. гл.A need to wait to confirm that a substantial price movement has started so that losses from whipsaw trades are avoided.
1) фин. колебатьсяIf prices don't meet investors' expectations, gold shares will whipsaw back down. — Если цены не оправдают ожидания инвесторов, акции золотодобывающих компаний через некоторый период колебаний спустятся назад.
to be [get\] whipsawed — понести убытки из-за пилообразного движения цены
What if the intraday price movement is choppy and volatile? That can "whipsaw" active traders and result in losses. — Но что если дневное движение цены является неустойчивым и постоянно колеблется? Это может "распилить" активных трейдеров и привести к убыткам.
Being whipsawed is a way of saying that soon after entry, there develops an opposite trend direction signal as closing prices whip back and forth or above and below the moving average(s) in question.
Although the option traders were correct about price movement, they were whipsawed by the market's changing estimate of volatility.
When speculators are caught buying at the top in a market movement, they are said to be "whipsawed".
On the other hand, no trader wants to leave good money on the table or get whipsawed. The latter occurs when you enter a trade, and it moves against you.
The trader was whipsawed — losing on both sides of two successive and opposite transactions.
См. также в других словарях:
That's about the size of it! — Informal way to say, What you said is true; the rumor or the news is true. * / I am told you re leaving our firm for Japan, Fred said to Tom. That s about the size of it, Tom replied with a grin./ … Dictionary of American idioms
That's about the size of it! — Informal way to say, What you said is true; the rumor or the news is true. * / I am told you re leaving our firm for Japan, Fred said to Tom. That s about the size of it, Tom replied with a grin./ … Dictionary of American idioms
That'll Be the Day — Infobox Single Name = That ll Be the Day Cover size = Caption = Artist =The Crickets from Album = The Chirping Crickets A side = B side = I m Looking For Someone to Love Released =May 27 1957 (USA) September 10 1957 (UK) Format =7 single Recorded … Wikipedia
size — I. noun Etymology: Middle English sise assize, from Anglo French, short for assise more at assize Date: 13th century 1. dialect British assize 2a usually used in plural 2. obsolete a fixed portion of food or drink 3. a. physical magnitude, extent … New Collegiate Dictionary
The Culture — is a fictional interstellar anarchist, socialist, and utopian[1][2] society created by the Scottish writer Iain M. Banks which features in a number of science fiction novels and works of short fiction by him, collectively called the Culture… … Wikipedia
The bomber will always get through — was a phrase used by Stanley Baldwin in a speech to the British Parliament in 1932:cquote|I find myself at the close of a most interesting debate which has been well worth while I myself should not have regretted a second day in which there have… … Wikipedia
The Skeleton in Armor — is the name given to a curious archaeological artifact unearthed in Fall River, Massachusetts in 1832, and subsequently destroyed in a fire in 1843.Discovery and descriptionA contemporary account of the skeleton s discovery and general appearance … Wikipedia
The Shining (film) — The Shining Theatrical release poster Directed by Stanley Kubrick Produced by Stanle … Wikipedia
The World Ends with You — Left to right, Joshua, Neku, Beat (above), Shiki, and Rhyme Developer(s) Square Enix Jupiter … Wikipedia
Size of the College of Cardinals — The size of the College of Cardinals has historically been limited by popes, ecumenical councils, and even the College itself. From 1099 to 1986, the total number of cardinals was approximately 2900 (excluding possible undocumented 12th century… … Wikipedia
The Grain — The Grain, sometimes also translated as A Grain as Big as a Hen s Egg , is a short story by Russian author Leo Tolstoy written in 1886. It takes the form of a parable about being content with one s lot in life.ynopsisOne day some children found a … Wikipedia