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rhētŏrĭca

  • 1 rhētorica

        rhētorica ae, f    [rhetoricus; sc. ars], the art of oratory, rhetoric: philosophorum, non forensis.

    Latin-English dictionary > rhētorica

  • 2 rhetorica

    rhētŏrĭca, ae, and rhētŏrĭcē, ēs, v. rhetoricus.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rhetorica

  • 3 rhetorici

    rhētŏrĭcus, a, um, adj., = rhêtorikos, of or belonging to a rhetorician, rhetorical.
    I.
    Adj.:

    nostro more aliquando, non rhetorico loquamur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

    ars,

    i. e. a treatise on rhetoric, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    rhetorici doctores,

    i. e. teachers of rhetoric, Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 86:

    syllogismus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 3; 9, 4, 57:

    libri,

    books on rhetoric, Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 10. — Hence,
    II.
    Substt.
    A.
    rhētŏrĭca, ae, or rhētŏrĭcē, ēs, f. (the first form in Cic., the latter in Quint.), the art of oratory, rhetoric:

    dicam, si potero, rhetorice, sed hac rhetoricā philosophorum, non nostrā illa forensi,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

    rhetorice est bene dicendi scientia,

    Quint. 5, 10, 54:

    et rhetorice, cui nomen vis eloquentiae dedit,

    id. 2, 1, 5:

    jus rhetorices, id. prooem. § 23: rhetoricen exercere,

    id. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 24:

    de rhetorice,

    id. 2, 15, 10. —
    B.
    rhētŏrĭci, ōrum, m.
    1.
    Teachers of oratory, = rhetores, ipsi magistri, qui rhetorici vocantur, Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 52.—
    2.
    Books on rhetoric:

    nisi rhetoricos suos (the erroneouslynamed books de Inventione) ipse adulescenti sibi elapsos diceret (Cicero),

    Quint. 3, 1, 20; so,

    in rhetoricis,

    id. 2, 15, 6; also in sing.:

    sicut ex Ciceronis rhetorico primo manifestum est,

    id. 3, 5, 14; 3, 6, 58.—
    C.
    Neutr. plur.: rhētŏrĭca, ōrum, rhetoric:

    rhetorica mihi vestra sunt nota,

    Cic. Fat. 2, 4.— Adv.: rhētŏrĭcē, in an oratorical or rhetorical manner, oratorically, rhetorically:

    rhetorice igitur nos mavis quam dialectice disputare?

    Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

    ejus mortem rhetorice et tragice ornare,

    id. Brut. 11, 43:

    quam rhetorice!

    id. Tusc. 3, 26, 63.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rhetorici

  • 4 rhetoricus

    rhētŏrĭcus, a, um, adj., = rhêtorikos, of or belonging to a rhetorician, rhetorical.
    I.
    Adj.:

    nostro more aliquando, non rhetorico loquamur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

    ars,

    i. e. a treatise on rhetoric, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    rhetorici doctores,

    i. e. teachers of rhetoric, Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 86:

    syllogismus,

    Quint. 5, 10, 3; 9, 4, 57:

    libri,

    books on rhetoric, Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 10. — Hence,
    II.
    Substt.
    A.
    rhētŏrĭca, ae, or rhētŏrĭcē, ēs, f. (the first form in Cic., the latter in Quint.), the art of oratory, rhetoric:

    dicam, si potero, rhetorice, sed hac rhetoricā philosophorum, non nostrā illa forensi,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

    rhetorice est bene dicendi scientia,

    Quint. 5, 10, 54:

    et rhetorice, cui nomen vis eloquentiae dedit,

    id. 2, 1, 5:

    jus rhetorices, id. prooem. § 23: rhetoricen exercere,

    id. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 24:

    de rhetorice,

    id. 2, 15, 10. —
    B.
    rhētŏrĭci, ōrum, m.
    1.
    Teachers of oratory, = rhetores, ipsi magistri, qui rhetorici vocantur, Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 52.—
    2.
    Books on rhetoric:

    nisi rhetoricos suos (the erroneouslynamed books de Inventione) ipse adulescenti sibi elapsos diceret (Cicero),

    Quint. 3, 1, 20; so,

    in rhetoricis,

    id. 2, 15, 6; also in sing.:

    sicut ex Ciceronis rhetorico primo manifestum est,

    id. 3, 5, 14; 3, 6, 58.—
    C.
    Neutr. plur.: rhētŏrĭca, ōrum, rhetoric:

    rhetorica mihi vestra sunt nota,

    Cic. Fat. 2, 4.— Adv.: rhētŏrĭcē, in an oratorical or rhetorical manner, oratorically, rhetorically:

    rhetorice igitur nos mavis quam dialectice disputare?

    Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

    ejus mortem rhetorice et tragice ornare,

    id. Brut. 11, 43:

    quam rhetorice!

    id. Tusc. 3, 26, 63.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rhetoricus

  • 5 ars

    ars, artis, f. [v. arma], skill in joining something, combining, working it, etc., with the advancement of Roman culture, carried entirely beyond the sphere of the common pursuits of life, into that of artistic and scientific action, just as, on the other hand, in mental cultivation, skill is applied to morals, designating character, manner of thinking, so far as it is made known by external actions (syn.: doctrina, sollertia, calliditas, prudentia, virtus, industria, ratio, via, dolus).
    I. A.
    Lit.:

    Zeno censet artis proprium esse creare et gignere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 57:

    quarum (artium) omne opus est in faciendo atque agendo,

    id. Ac. 2, 7, 22; id. Off. 2, 3, 12 sq.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    With the idea extended, any physical or mental activity, so far as it is practically exhibited; a profession, art ( music, poetry, medicine, etc.); acc. to Roman notions, the arts were either liberales or ingenuae artes, arts of freemen, the liberal arts; or artes illiberales or sordidae, the arts, employments, of slaves or the lower classes.
    a.
    In gen.:

    Eleus Hippias gloriatus est nihil esse ullā in arte rerum omnium, quod ipse nesciret: nec solum has artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometriam, musicam, litterarum cognitionem et poëtarum, atque illa, quae de naturis rerum, quae de hominum moribus, quae de rebus publicis dicerentur, sed anulum, quem haberet, pallium, quo amictus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se suā manu confecisse,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

    Jam de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, haec fere accepimus. Primum improbantur ii quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt, ut portitorum, ut feneratorum. Illiberales autem et sordidi quaestus mercenariorum omniumque, quorum operae, non artes emuntur: est enim in illis ipsa merces auctoramentum servitutis... Opificesque omnes in sordidā arte versantur... Quibus autem artibus aut prudentia major inest aut non mediocris utilitas quaeritur, ut medicina, ut architectura, ut doctrina rerum honestarum, hae sunt iis, quorum ordini conveniunt, honestae,

    Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150 sq.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 3:

    artes elegantes,

    id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

    laudatae,

    id. de Or. 1, 3, 9:

    bonae,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 32:

    optimae,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 111:

    magnae,

    id. Or. 1, 4:

    maximae,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    gravissimae,

    id. Fin. 2, 34, 112:

    leviores artes,

    id. Brut. 1, 3:

    mediocres,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    omnis artifex omnis artis,

    Vulg. Apoc. 18, 22:

    artifices omnium artium,

    ib. 1 Par. 22, 15.—
    b.
    Esp., of a single art, and,
    (α).
    With an adj. designating it:

    ars gymnastica,

    gymnastics, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 73:

    ars duellica,

    the art of war, id. Ep. 3, 4, 14:

    ars imperatoria,

    generalship, Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    (artes) militares et imperatoriae,

    Liv. 25, 9, 12:

    artes civiles,

    politics, Tac. Agr. 29:

    artes urbanae,

    i. e. jurisprudence and eloquence, Liv. 9, 42:

    ars grammatica,

    grammar, Plin. 7, 39, 40, § 128:

    rhetorica,

    Quint. 2, 17, 4:

    musica,

    poetry, Ter. Hec. prol. 23:

    musica,

    music, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 93:

    medicae artes,

    the healing art, medicine, Ov. H. 5, 145; so,

    ars Apollinea,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 10:

    magica,

    Verg. A. 4, 493, and Vulg. Sap. 17, 7; so,

    maleficis artibus inserviebat,

    he used witchcraft, ib. 2 Par. 33, 6 al.—
    (β).
    With a gen. designating it:

    ars disserendi,

    dialectics, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

    ars dicendi,

    the art of speaking, id. ib. 1, 23, 107, and Quint. 2, 17, 17; so,

    ars eloquentiae,

    id. 2, 11, 4:

    ars medendi,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 735:

    ars medentium,

    Stat. S. 5, 1, 158:

    medicorum ars,

    Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 12:

    pigmentariorum ars,

    the art of unguents, ib. 2 Par. 16, 4:

    ars armorum,

    the art of war, Quint. 2, 17, 33:

    ars pugnae,

    Vulg. Judith, 5, 27; so in plur.:

    belli artes,

    Liv. 25, 40, 5:

    ars gubernandi,

    navigation, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24; Quint. 2, 17, 33; so,

    ars gubernatoris,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 42.—Sometimes the kind of art may be distinguished by the connection, so that ars is used absol. of a particular art:

    instruere Atriden num potes arte meā? i. e. arte sagittandi,

    Ov. H. 16, 364:

    tunc ego sim Inachio notior arte Lino, i. e. arte canendi,

    Prop. 3, 4, 8:

    fert ingens a puppe Notus: nunc arte (sc. navigandi) relictā Ingemit,

    Stat. Th. 3, 29; so Luc. 7, 126; Sil. 4, 715:

    imus ad insignes Urbis ab arte (sc. rhetoricā) viros,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 16:

    ejusdem erat artis, i. e. artis scaenofactoriae,

    Vulg. Act. 18, 3.—
    2.
    Science, knowledge:

    quis ignorat, ii, qui mathematici vocantur, quantā in obscuritate rerum et quam reconditā in arte et multiplici subtilique versentur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 10:

    nam si ars ita definitur, ex rebus penitus perspectis planeque cognitis atque ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctis, scientiāque comprehensis, non mihi videtur ars oratoris esse ulla,

    id. ib. 1, 23, 108: nihil est quod ad artem redigi possit, nisi ille prius, qui illa tenet. quorum artem instituere vult, habeat illam scientiam (sc. dialecticam), ut ex iis rebus, quarum ars nondum sit, artem efficere possit, id. ib. 1, 41, 186:

    ars juris civilis,

    id. ib. 1, 42, 190:

    (Antiochus) negabat ullam esse artem, quae ipsa a se proficisceretur. Etenim semper illud extra est, quod arte comprehenditur... Est enim perspicuum nullam artem ipsam in se versari, sed esse aliud artem ipsam, aliud, quod propositum sit arti,

    id. Fin. 5, 6, 16; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9; id. Cael. 30, 72; id. Or. 1, 4:

    vir bonus optimisque artibus eruditus,

    Nep. Att. 12, 4: ingenium docile, come, ap-tum ad artes optimas, id. Dion, 1, 2 al.—
    C. 1.
    The theory of any art or science: ars est praeceptio, quae dat certam viam rationemque faciendi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 1, 1;

    Asper, p. 1725 P.: non omnia, quaecumque loquimur, mihi videntur ad artem et ad praecepta esse revocanda,

    not every thing is to be traced back to theory and rules, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44: res mihi videtur esse facultate ( in practice) praeclara, arte ( in theory) mediocris;

    ars enim earum rerum est, quae sciuntur: oratoris autem omnis actio opinionibus, non scientiā continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 30; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22.—In later Lat. ars is used,
    a.
    Absol. for grammatical analysis, grammar:

    curru non, ut quidam putant, pro currui posuit, nec est apocope: sed ratio artis antiquae, etc.,

    Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 156; 1, 95: et hoc est artis, ut (vulgus) masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, etc., id. ad eund. ib. 1, 149: secundum artem dicamus honor, arbor, lepor: plerumque poëtae r in s mutant, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 153 al.—Hence also,
    b.
    As a title of books in which such theories are discussed, for rhetorical and, at a later period, for grammatical treatises.
    (α).
    Rhetorical:

    quam multa non solum praecepta in artibus, sed etiam exempla in orationibus bene dicendi reliquerunt!

    Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

    ipsae rhetorum artes, quae sunt totae forenses atque populares,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 4: neque eo dico, quod ejus (Hermagorae) ars mihi mendosissime scripta videatur; nam satis in eā videtur ex antiquis artibus ( from the ancient works on rhetoric) ingeniose et diligenter electas res collocāsse, id. Inv. 1, 6 fin.:

    illi verbis et artibus aluerunt naturae principia, hi autem institutis et legibus,

    id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

    artem scindens Theodori,

    Juv. 7, 177.—
    (β).
    Grammar:

    in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genitivo plurali jungi,

    Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 96: ut in artibus lectum est, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 535.—So Ars, as the title of the later Lat. grammars: Donati Ars Grammatica, Cledonii Ars, Marii Victorini Ars, etc.; v. the grammarians in Gothofred., Putsch., Lindem., Keil.—
    2.
    The knowledge, art, skill, workmanship, employed in effecting or working upon an object (Fr. adresse):

    majore quādam opus est vel arte vel diligentiā,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 14 fin.:

    et tripodas septem pondere et arte pares,

    Ov. H. 3, 32: qui canit arte, canat;

    qui bibit arte, bibat,

    id. A. A. 2, 506:

    arte laboratae vestes,

    Verg. A. 1, 639:

    plausus tunc arte carebat,

    was void of art, was natural, unaffected, Ov. A. A. 1, 113.—
    3.
    (Concr.) The object artistically formed, a work of art:

    clipeum efferri jussit Didymaonis artis,

    Verg. A. 5, 359:

    divite me scilicet artium, Quas aut Parrhasius protulit aut Scopas,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 5; id. Ep. 1, 6, 17.—
    4.
    Artes (personified), the Muses:

    artium chorus,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 19.—
    II.
    Transf. from mind to morals, the moral character of a man, so far as it is made known by actions, conduct, manner of acting, habit, practice, whether good or bad:

    si in te aegrotant artes antiquae tuae,

    your former manner of life, conduct, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 35; cf. Hor. C. 4, 15, 12; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6 Lind.:

    nempe tuā arte viginti minae Pro psaltriā periere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 24:

    quid est, Quod tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius?

    my assiduity, id. And. 1, 1, 4:

    Hac arte (i. e. constantiā, perseverantiā) Pollux et vagus Hercules Enisus arces attigit igneas,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 9:

    multae sunt artes (i. e. virtutes) eximiae, hujus administrae comitesque virtutis (sc. imperatoris),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13; id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; id. Verr. 2, 4, 37 Zumpt:

    nam imperium facile his artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est,

    Sall. C. 2, 4 Kritz; so id. ib. 5, 7:

    cultusque artesque virorum,

    Ov. M. 7, 58:

    mores quoque confer et artes,

    id. R. Am. 713: praeclari facinoris aut artis [p. 167] bonae famam quaerere, Sall. C. 2, 9; so id. ib. 10, 4:

    animus insolens malarum artium,

    id. ib. 3, 4; so Tac. A. 14, 57.—Hence also, absol. in mal. part. as in Gr. technê for cunning, artifice, fraud, stratagem:

    haec arte tractabat virum,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 125 (cf. Ov. H. 17, 142):

    capti eādem arte sunt, quā ceperant Fabios,

    Liv. 2, 51; 3, 35:

    at Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat Consilia,

    Verg. A. 1, 657; so id. ib. 7, 477:

    ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasgā,

    id. ib. 2, 152:

    talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis Credita res, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 195:

    fraudes innectere ponto Antiquā parat arte,

    Luc. 4, 449:

    tantum illi vel ingenii vel artis vel fortunae superfuit,

    Suet. Tit. 1:

    fugam arte simulantes,

    Vulg. Jud. 20, 32: regem summis artibus pellexit, pasêi mêchanêi, Suet. Vit. 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ars

  • 6 dē-scendō

        dē-scendō dī, sus, ere,    to climb down, come down, descend, fall, sink: ex equo, to alight: monte, S.: de palatio: caelo, H.: e caelo, Iu.: vertice montis ab alto, V.: ab Alpibus, L.: arce Monoeci, V.: per clivum, O.: in campum: in ventrem, to be eaten, H.: caelo in undas, V.: ad naviculas: Ad mare, H.: Sacrā viā, H.: sciscitatum deos descendunt, L.: Iuppiter laeto descendet imbri, V.: O testa... Descende (i. e. ex apothecā), H.—To go down, go, come (to business, etc.): in forum ante lucem: ad forum, L.: fuge, quo descendere gestis, H.: de palatio: hodie non descendit Antonius: quod non descenderet tribunus, L.: in causam, to engage.—Of troops, to march down: ex superioribus locis in planitiem, Cs.: quā (sc. de monte), S.: inde (sc. de arce), L.: in aequum, L.: omnibus copiis in campum descensum est, L.: ad laevam, S.: praedatum in agros Romanos, L.: descensum in aciem est, the battle began, L.: in certamen: Ad pugnam rhetoricā ab umbrā, Iu.—To sink down, penetrate: ferrum alte in corpus, L.: toto in ilia ferro, O.: toto corpore pestis, V.: in iudicis aurīs, H.—Fig., to go down, descend, sink, penetrate: verbum in pectus altius, S.: cura in animos patrum, L.: descendere ad ipsum Ordine perpetuo, follow the line of descent, O.—To lower oneself, descend, stoop, yield, agree to: senes ad ludum adulescentium descendant: ad calamitatum societates: ad eius modi consilium, Cs.: ad ultimum rei p. auxilium, L.: preces in omnīs, V.: videte, quo descendam.

    Latin-English dictionary > dē-scendō

  • 7 forēnsis

        forēnsis e, adj.    [forum], of the market, of the forum, public, forensic: oratio, in the forum: certamen: rhetorica: labor: sententia (opp. domestica): vestitu forensi, in out-of-doors dress, L.: factio, idlers, L.
    * * *
    forensis, forense ADJ
    public; pertaining to the courts

    Latin-English dictionary > forēnsis

  • 8 rhētoricus

        rhētoricus adj., ρ(ητορικόσ, of a rhetorician, rhetorical: more rhetorico loqui: ars, i. e. a treatise on rhetoric: doctores, i. e. teachers of rhetoric: libri, rhetorical text-books.—Plur. m. as subst, teachers of oratory.—Plur. n. as subst, rhetoric.
    * * *
    rhetorica, rhetoricum ADJ
    of rhetoric, rhetorical

    Latin-English dictionary > rhētoricus

  • 9 umbra

        umbra ae, f    a shade, shadow: terrae: colles... adferunt umbram vallibus: noctis se condidit umbris, V.: pampineae, of vines, V.: Falce premes umbram, i. e. prune the foliage, V.—Prov.: qui umbras timet, is afraid of shadows.—A shaded place, place protected from the sun, shade: Umbra loco deerat, i. e. trees, O.: Pompeiā spatiere sub umbrā, in the Pompeian portico, O.: vacuā tonsoris in umbrā, in the cool barber's shop, H.: rhetorica, i. e. the rhetorician's school, Iu.—In painting, a dark place, shade, shadow: quam multa vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā.—Of the dead, a shade, ghost: Pulvis et umbra sumus, H.: Cornea (porta), quā veris facilis datur exitus umbris, V.: Umbrarum rex, i. e. Pluto, O.: matris agitabitur umbris, O.—A shadow, attendant, companion: cum Servilio Vibidius, quas Maecenas adduxerat umbras, H.—A grayling, umber (a fish): corporis umbrae Liventis, O.—Fig., a shadow, trace, image, appearance, outline, semblance, pretence, pretext: civitatis: umbras falsae gloriae consectari: umbrae hominum, fame frigore evecti, L.: Mendax pietatis, O.—A shelter, cover, protection: umbra et recessus: sub umbrā vestri auxilii latere, L.—Rest, leisure: docere in umbrā atque otio: ignava Veneris, O.: cedat umbra soli, i. e. repose to exertion.
    * * *
    shade; ghost; shadow

    Latin-English dictionary > umbra

  • 10 forensis

    fŏrensis, e, adj. [forum], of or belonging to the market or forum, public, forensic:

    oratio judicialis et forensis,

    i. e. delivered in the forum, Cic. Or. 51, 170; cf.:

    Thucydides hoc forense, concertatorium, judiciale non tractavit genus,

    id. Brut. 83, 287:

    genus (dicendi) remotum a judiciis forensique certamine,

    id. Or. 61, 208:

    rhetorica,

    id. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

    dictio,

    id. Brut. 78, 272; cf.:

    species,

    id. Planc. 12, 29:

    in omnibus publicis privatis, forensibus domesticis, tuis amicorum negotiis,

    id. Fam. 5, 8 fin.:

    res (opp. domesticae litterae),

    id. Or. 43 fin.:

    sententia (opp. domestica),

    id. Fin. 2, 24, 77:

    Marte forensi florere,

    i. e. eloquence, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29: vestitu forensi ad portam est egressus, i. e. in his out-of-door dress (opp. to housedress), Liv. 33, 47 fin.; cf.:

    ut vestitum, sic sententiam habeas aliam domesticam, aliam forensem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 77:

    tutores constituuntur... feminis, propter forensium rerum ignorantiam,

    Ulp. Fragm. 11, 1.— Absol.:

    forensia,

    dress of state, Suet. Aug. 73; id. Calig. 17:

    a natura comparata est opera mulieris ad domesticam diligentiam, viri ad exercitationem forensem et extraneam,

    Col. 12 praef. § 4.— Subst.:

    rusticus, forensis, negotiator, miles, navigator, medicus, aliud atque aliud efficiunt,

    a public pleader, advocate, Quint. 5, 10, 27.— Plur., Vitr. 6, 5, 2.—With an odious access. notion: ex eo tempore in duas partes discessit civitas: aliud integer populus, fautor et cultor bonorum, aliud forensis factio tenebat, the market-place party or faction, i. e. worthless persons who hung about the market-places, Liv. 9, 46, 13; Quint. 12, 1, 25.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > forensis

  • 11 grammaticus

    1.
    grammătĭcus, a, um, adj., = grammatikos, of or belonging to grammar, grammatical:

    ars,

    Auct. Her. 4, 12, 17; Quint. 1, 5, 54:

    possis illud grammaticum, hoc rhetoricum magis dicere,

    id. 9, 3, 2:

    grammaticas ambire tribus et pulpita,

    the tribes of the grammarians, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 40:

    cum eundem (Tuditanum) de rebus grammaticis scripsisse constet,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.—
    II.
    Subst.
    A.
    grammătĭcus, i, m., a grammarian in the more extended sense of the word, a philologist: appellatio grammaticorum Graeca consuetudine invaluit: sed initio litterati vocabantur. Cornelius quoque Nepos litteratos vulgo appellari ait eos, qui aliquid diligenter et acute scienterque possint aut dicere aut scribere: ceterum proprie sic appellandos poëtarum interpretes, qui a Graecis grammatikoi nominentur... Veteres grammatici et rhetoricam docebant, etc., Suet. Gramm. 4:

    ut si grammaticum se professus quispiam barbare loquatur,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12; cf.:

    grammatici custodes Latini sermonis,

    Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

    grammatici poëtarum explanatores sunt,

    Cic. Div. 1, 51, 116; id. Att. 7, 3, 10: hanc hupallagên rhetores, metônumian grammatici vocant, id. Or. 27, 93; Quint. 10, 1, 53; 1, 8, 21; cf. in the foll. the passage Quint. 2, 1, 4, and Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187:

    (Ateius) inter grammaticos rhetor, inter rhetores grammaticus,

    Suet. Gramm. 10.—Prov.:

    grammatici certant,

    doctors disagree, Hor. A. P. 78.—
    B.
    grammătĭca, ae, and gram-mătĭce, ēs (the first form in Cicero and Suet., the latter in Quint.), f., = grammatikê, grammar in the wider sense of the term, philology:

    quamquam ea verba, quibus instituto veterum utimur pro Latinis, ut ipsa philosophia, ut rhetorica, dialectica, grammatica, geometria, musica, quamquam Latine ea dici poterant, tamen, quoniam usu percepta sunt, nostra ducamus,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 5; id. de Or. 1, 42, 187; cf.:

    et grammatice (quam in Latinum transferentes litteraturam vocaverunt) fines suos norit, praesertim tantum ab hac appellationis suae paupertate, intra quam primi illi constitere, provecta: nam tenuis a fonte, assumptis poëtarum historicorumque viribus, pleno jam satis alveo fluit, cum praeter rationem recte loquendi non parum alioqui copiosam prope omnium maximarum artium scientiam amplexa sit,

    Quint. 2, 1, 4; cf. id. 2, 14, 3:

    grammatica,

    Suet. Gramm. 1; 2; 3; 6; 8;

    24 et saep.: grammatice,

    Quint. 1, 4, 2 sq.; 1, 5, 1; 1, 8, 12; 1, 10, 17 et saep.—
    C.
    grammătĭca, ōrum, n., grammar, philology:

    in grammaticis poëtarum pertractatio, historiarum cognitio, verborum interpretatio, pronuntiandi quidam sonus,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187.— Adv.: grammă-tĭce, according to the rules of grammar, grammatically:

    mihi non invenuste dici videtur, aliud esse Latine, aliud grammatice loqui,

    Quint. 1, 6, 27.
    2.
    grammătĭcus, i, v. 1. grammaticus, II. A.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > grammaticus

  • 12 hebes

    hĕbes, ĕtis ( acc. sing. hebem, Enn. and Caecil. ap. Charis. p. 107 P.; abl. hebeti;

    but hebete,

    Cels. 7, 3), adj. [hebeo], blunt, dull, in opp. to pointed or sharp (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).
    I.
    Lit.: cujus (lunae) et nascentis et insenescentis alias hebetiora alias acutiora videntur cornua, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 122, 1:

    tela leviora atque hebetiora,

    id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

    quo latiora (ossa) quaque parte sunt, hoc hebetiora,

    Cels. 8, 1, 66:

    ponite jam gladios hebetes, pugnetur acutis,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 589:

    machaera,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 53; cf.:

    hebeti mucrone,

    Lucr. 5, 1274, and hebeti ictu, which does not penetrate, Ov. M. 12, 85:

    oryx hebeti ferro caeditur,

    Juv. 11, 140:

    secures,

    id. 8, 137:

    angulus,

    obtuse, Front. de Form. Agr. p. 32 Goes.—As subst.: hĕbĕtĭa, ium, n., blunt tools, Quint. 2, 12, 18.—
    B.
    Transf., of sight, hearing, smell, taste, dull, dim, faint:

    utroque oculo natura hebete,

    Plin. 9, 15, 20:

    color,

    Ov. F. 5, 365; cf.:

    (orbem solis) adhuc hebetem vicina nocte,

    Stat. Ach. 2, 289:

    carbunculi hebetiores,

    Plin. 37, 7, 26, § 98:

    postea quam sensi populi Romani aures hebetiores, oculos autem esse acres atque acutos,

    Cic. Planc. 27, 66; cf. id. Rep. 6, 18:

    uva gustu hebes,

    tasteless, insipid, Col. 3, 2, 24: genus croci, without smell (opp. odoratum), Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 67:

    os hebes est, positaeque movent fastidia mensae,

    without appetite, Ov. P. 1, 10, 7:

    caro,

    without feeling, dead, Cels. 7, 6, 8; 7, 13, 1:

    ossa gingivarum,

    id. 6, 15, 17:

    qui torpet hebes locus ille,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 799. —
    II.
    Trop., dull, obtuse, sluggish, heavy, doltish, stupid (syn.:

    bardus, stupidus, ineptus, absurdus, stultus, fatuus, stolidus, brutus, etc.): sensus omnes hebetes et tardos esse arbitrabantur,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:

    puer incessu tardus, sensu hebes,

    Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76:

    tanta solertia animalium hebetissimis quoque est,

    id. 9, 30, 48:

    Epicurus, quem hebetem et rudem dicere solent Stoici,

    Cic. Div. 2, 50, 103; cf.:

    omnium ceterarum rerum oratio ludus est homini non hebeti neque inexercitato neque communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis experti,

    id. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

    memoria,

    id. ib. 2, 87, 357:

    me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt,

    id. Att. 9, 17, 2:

    nisi qui sit plane hebes,

    Quint. 7, 1, 48:

    nisi forte tam hebes futurus est judex, ut, etc.,

    id. 4, 2, 66: hebes ad aliquid, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; cf.:

    quis adeo hebes inveniretur, ut crederet? etc.,

    Tac. A. 14, 11: exercitus hebes infirmusque, raw, undisciplined,=rudis, Sall. J. 54, 3: hebes ad sustinendum laborem [p. 844] miles, sluggish, slow, tardy, Tac. H. 2, 99; Ov. M. 13, 135:

    adulescentia bruta et hebes,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 37, 3:

    spondeus quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior,

    Cic. Or. 64, 216: sed hac rhetorica philosophorum, non nostra illa forensi, quam necesse est, cum populariter loquatur, esse interdum paulo hebetiorem, i. e. more superficial, common (opp. to philosophical acuteness, nicety), id. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

    dolor,

    id. Att. 8, 3, 4:

    hoc Pansa aut non videt (hebeti enim ingenio est) aut negligit,

    id. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

    hebetiora hominum ingenia,

    id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

    ratio,

    Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

    quaedam hebes, sordida, jejuna oratio,

    Quint. 8, 3, 49:

    quasdam (litteras) velut acriores parum efficimus et aliis non dissimilibus sed quasi hebetioribus permutamus,

    id. 1, 11, 4.—Of a speaker: hebes lingua, magis malus quam callidus ingenio, Ps.-Sall. de Rep. 2, 9, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hebes

  • 13 hebetia

    hĕbes, ĕtis ( acc. sing. hebem, Enn. and Caecil. ap. Charis. p. 107 P.; abl. hebeti;

    but hebete,

    Cels. 7, 3), adj. [hebeo], blunt, dull, in opp. to pointed or sharp (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).
    I.
    Lit.: cujus (lunae) et nascentis et insenescentis alias hebetiora alias acutiora videntur cornua, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 122, 1:

    tela leviora atque hebetiora,

    id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

    quo latiora (ossa) quaque parte sunt, hoc hebetiora,

    Cels. 8, 1, 66:

    ponite jam gladios hebetes, pugnetur acutis,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 589:

    machaera,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 53; cf.:

    hebeti mucrone,

    Lucr. 5, 1274, and hebeti ictu, which does not penetrate, Ov. M. 12, 85:

    oryx hebeti ferro caeditur,

    Juv. 11, 140:

    secures,

    id. 8, 137:

    angulus,

    obtuse, Front. de Form. Agr. p. 32 Goes.—As subst.: hĕbĕtĭa, ium, n., blunt tools, Quint. 2, 12, 18.—
    B.
    Transf., of sight, hearing, smell, taste, dull, dim, faint:

    utroque oculo natura hebete,

    Plin. 9, 15, 20:

    color,

    Ov. F. 5, 365; cf.:

    (orbem solis) adhuc hebetem vicina nocte,

    Stat. Ach. 2, 289:

    carbunculi hebetiores,

    Plin. 37, 7, 26, § 98:

    postea quam sensi populi Romani aures hebetiores, oculos autem esse acres atque acutos,

    Cic. Planc. 27, 66; cf. id. Rep. 6, 18:

    uva gustu hebes,

    tasteless, insipid, Col. 3, 2, 24: genus croci, without smell (opp. odoratum), Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 67:

    os hebes est, positaeque movent fastidia mensae,

    without appetite, Ov. P. 1, 10, 7:

    caro,

    without feeling, dead, Cels. 7, 6, 8; 7, 13, 1:

    ossa gingivarum,

    id. 6, 15, 17:

    qui torpet hebes locus ille,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 799. —
    II.
    Trop., dull, obtuse, sluggish, heavy, doltish, stupid (syn.:

    bardus, stupidus, ineptus, absurdus, stultus, fatuus, stolidus, brutus, etc.): sensus omnes hebetes et tardos esse arbitrabantur,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:

    puer incessu tardus, sensu hebes,

    Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76:

    tanta solertia animalium hebetissimis quoque est,

    id. 9, 30, 48:

    Epicurus, quem hebetem et rudem dicere solent Stoici,

    Cic. Div. 2, 50, 103; cf.:

    omnium ceterarum rerum oratio ludus est homini non hebeti neque inexercitato neque communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis experti,

    id. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

    memoria,

    id. ib. 2, 87, 357:

    me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt,

    id. Att. 9, 17, 2:

    nisi qui sit plane hebes,

    Quint. 7, 1, 48:

    nisi forte tam hebes futurus est judex, ut, etc.,

    id. 4, 2, 66: hebes ad aliquid, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; cf.:

    quis adeo hebes inveniretur, ut crederet? etc.,

    Tac. A. 14, 11: exercitus hebes infirmusque, raw, undisciplined,=rudis, Sall. J. 54, 3: hebes ad sustinendum laborem [p. 844] miles, sluggish, slow, tardy, Tac. H. 2, 99; Ov. M. 13, 135:

    adulescentia bruta et hebes,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 37, 3:

    spondeus quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior,

    Cic. Or. 64, 216: sed hac rhetorica philosophorum, non nostra illa forensi, quam necesse est, cum populariter loquatur, esse interdum paulo hebetiorem, i. e. more superficial, common (opp. to philosophical acuteness, nicety), id. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

    dolor,

    id. Att. 8, 3, 4:

    hoc Pansa aut non videt (hebeti enim ingenio est) aut negligit,

    id. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

    hebetiora hominum ingenia,

    id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

    ratio,

    Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

    quaedam hebes, sordida, jejuna oratio,

    Quint. 8, 3, 49:

    quasdam (litteras) velut acriores parum efficimus et aliis non dissimilibus sed quasi hebetioribus permutamus,

    id. 1, 11, 4.—Of a speaker: hebes lingua, magis malus quam callidus ingenio, Ps.-Sall. de Rep. 2, 9, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hebetia

  • 14 Herennianus

    Hērennĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens, e. g. C. Herennius, to whom the Rhetorica of Cornificius is dedicated:

    M. Herennius,

    an orator, Cic. Brut. 45, 166; id. Mur. 17, 36:

    Herennius Gallus,

    Tac. H. 4, 13; 19; 26 sq.:

    Herennius Senecio,

    a historian under Domitian, id. Agr. 2; 45; a Samnite Herennius, Liv. 9, 1; Flor. 1, 16, 10.—
    II.
    Deriv.: Hērennĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Herennius, Herennian:

    coheredes,

    Cic. Att. 13, 6, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Herennianus

  • 15 Herennius

    Hērennĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens, e. g. C. Herennius, to whom the Rhetorica of Cornificius is dedicated:

    M. Herennius,

    an orator, Cic. Brut. 45, 166; id. Mur. 17, 36:

    Herennius Gallus,

    Tac. H. 4, 13; 19; 26 sq.:

    Herennius Senecio,

    a historian under Domitian, id. Agr. 2; 45; a Samnite Herennius, Liv. 9, 1; Flor. 1, 16, 10.—
    II.
    Deriv.: Hērennĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Herennius, Herennian:

    coheredes,

    Cic. Att. 13, 6, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Herennius

  • 16 umbra

    umbra, ae, f. [etym. dub.; Curt. compares Sanscr. ambara, an encircling], a shade, shadow.
    I.
    Lit.:

    cum usque quaque umbra est, tamen Sol semper hic est,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79:

    illa platanus, cujus umbram secutus est Socrates,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28:

    fiebat, ut incideret luna in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

    colles... afferunt umbram vallibus,

    id. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

    nox Involvens umbrā magnā terramque polumque,

    Verg. A. 2, 251:

    spissis noctis se condidit umbris,

    id. ib. 2, 621:

    majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

    id. E. 1, 84; 5, 70:

    pampineae,

    id. ib. 7, 58:

    certum est mihi, quasi umbra, quoquo ibis tu, te persequi,

    Plaut. Cas. 1, 4; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 82.—Prov.: umbras timere, to be afraid of shadows, i. e. to fear without cause, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4:

    umbram suam metuere,

    Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 9:

    ipse meas solus, quod nil est, aemulor umbras,

    Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 19.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In painting, the dark part of a painting, shade, shadow:

    quam multa vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā, quae nos non videmus!

    Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20; so (opp. lumen) Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; 33, 3, 57, § 163.—
    2.
    A shade, ghost of a dead person ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.:

    Manes, Lemures): nos ubi decidimus, Quo dives Tullus et Ancus, Pulvis et umbra sumus,

    Hor. C. 4, 7, 16:

    ne forte animas Acherunte reamur Effugere aut umbras inter vivos volitare,

    Lucr. 4, 38; cf.:

    cornea (porta), quā veris facilis datur exitus umbris,

    Verg. A. 6, 894; Tib. 3, 2, 9; Verg. A. 5, 734; Hor. C. 2, 13, 30; id. S. 1, 8, 41; Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 18; Suet. Calig. 59 al.:

    Umbrarum rex,

    i. e. Pluto, Ov. M. 7, 249; so,

    dominus,

    id. ib. 10, 16.— In the plur. umbrae, of a single dead person:

    matris agitabitur umbris,

    Ov. M. 9, 410; 8, 476; 6, 541; Verg. A. 6, 510; 10, 519 al.—
    3.
    Like the Greek skia, an uninvited guest, whom an invited one brings with him (cf. parasitus), Hor. S. 2, 8, 22; id. Ep. 1, 5, 28; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 27; so, of an attendant:

    luxuriae,

    Cic. Mur. 6, 13.—
    4.
    A shade, shady place, that which gives a shade or shadow (as a tree, house, tent, etc; poet.);

    of trees: nudus Arboris Othrys erat nec habebat Pelion umbras,

    Ov. M. 12, 513; so id. ib. 10, 88; 10, 90; 14, 447; Verg. G. 1, 157, id. E. 9, 20; 5, 5; Sil. 4, 681:

    Pompeiā spatiabere cultus in umbrā,

    i. e. in the Pompeian portico, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 75; so,

    Pompeia,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 67; 3, 387:

    vacuā tonsoris in umbrā,

    in the cool barber's shop, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50:

    studia in umbrā educata,

    in the closet, study, Tac. A. 14, 53; cf.:

    rhetorica,

    i. e. the rhetorician's school, Juv. 7, 173:

    dum roseis venit umbra genis,

    i. e. down, beard, Stat. Th. 4, 336; cf.: dubia lanuginis, Claud. Nupt. Pall. et Celer. 42: nunc umbra nudata sua jam tempora moerent, i. e. of hair, Petr. poët. 109: summae cassidis umbra, i. e. the plume or crest, Stat. Th. 6, 226:

    sed non erat illi Arcus et ex umeris nullae fulgentibus umbrae,

    i. e. quivers, id. S. 3, 4, 30.—
    5.
    A fish, called also sciaena; a grayling, umber: Salmo thymallus, Linn.; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 7 Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Ov. Hal. 111; Col. 8, 16, 8; Aus. Idyll. 10, 90.—
    II.
    Trop., like the Engl. shadow or shade.
    A.
    Opp. to substance or reality, a trace, obscure sign or image, faint appearance, imperfect copy or representation, semblance, pretence (cf. simulacrum):

    veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus, umbrā et imaginibus utimur,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    umbra et imago civitatis,

    id. Rep. 2, 30, 53:

    umbra et imago equitis Romani,

    id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: o hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram quidem umquam tou kalou viderit! id. Att. 7, 11, 1:

    in quo ipsam luxuriam reperire non potes, in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas?

    id. Mur. 6, 13: in comoediā maxime claudicamus... vix levem consequimur umbram, Quint. 10, 1, 100:

    sub umbrā foederis aequi servitutem pati,

    Liv. 8, 4, 2:

    umbras falsae gloriae consectari,

    Cic. Pis. 24, 57:

    umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

    mendax pietatis umbra,

    Ov. M. 9, 459:

    libertatis,

    Luc. 3, 146:

    belli,

    Sil. 15, 316:

    umbras quasdam veritatis habere,

    Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 273.—
    B.
    Shelter, cover, protection:

    umbra et recessus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101:

    umbrā magni nominis delitescunt,

    Quint. 12, 10, 15:

    umbra vestri auxilii tegi possumus,

    Liv. 7, 30, 18:

    sub umbrā auxilii vestri latere volunt,

    id. 32, 21, 31:

    sub umbrā Romanae amicitiae latebant,

    id. 34, 9, 10:

    morum vitia sub umbrā eloquentiae primo latebant,

    Just. 5, 2, 7.—
    C.
    Rest, leisure:

    ignavā Veneris cessamus in umbrā,

    Ov. Am. 2, 18, 3; Albin. Ob. Maec. 98.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > umbra

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