promised

ἐπαγγελία, ας, ἡ (s. ἀγγέλλω; Demosth. et al.; Aristot., EN 10, 1 p. 1164a, 29; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph.) in many authors ἐ. refers to the act of making someth. known publicly, but in our lit. it most often bears the sense of

① declaration to do someth. with implication of obligation to carry out what is stated, promise, pledge, offer (Polyb. 1, 43, 6; 7, 13, 2; 18, 11, 1 al.; Diod S 1, 5, 3; 4, 16, 2; Epict. 1, 4, 3 ἡ ἀρετὴ ταύτην ἔχει τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν εὐδαιμονίαν ποιῆσαι; Michel 473, 10; IPriene 123, 9; 1 Macc 10:15; Philo, Mut. Nom. 201; Jos., Ant. 5, 307).

ⓐ of humans ὅπως ἀποδῶμεν τὴν ἐ. ἣν ἐπειγγειλάμεθα so that we might keep our promise GJs 7:1. Of one who lays claim to being a Christian IEph 14:2.

ⓑ in our lit. more generally of divine promises (Herm. Wr. in Stob. I 387, 15 W.; Fgm. XXIII 8 v.l.; cp. Herm. Wr. 18, 14; Jos., Ant. 2, 219; Prayer of Manasseh [=Odes 12] 6; PsSol 12:6; perh. Ps 55:9).

α. God’s promise sg. Ac 2:39; Ro 4:13f, 16; 9:9 (where λόγος is to be supplied w. the gen. ἐπαγγελίας: this word is a word of promise); Gal 3:17; 2 Pt 3:9; 1 Cl 26:1; 2 Cl 15:4; B 5:7; 16:9. Pl. Ro 9:4; 2 Cor 7:1; Gal 3:16; Hb 7:6; 8:6; 11:17; 1 Cl 27:1; H 3, 4; ApcPt Rainer (figura etymol.; cp. 1a and 1bβ). Prep. phrases: διʼ ἐπαγγελίας by or because of a promise Gal 3:18b; 4:23; also ἐξ ἐπαγγελίας 3:18a. ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ with promise Eph 6:2. κατʼ ἐπαγγελίαν in accordance w. the promise (PSI 281, 58 κατὰ τ. ἐπανγελίας αὐτου; sim. IK IX–X/2: Nikaia II/1, 702, 6; 1 Esdr 1:7; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 68, 43) Ac 13:23; Gal 3:29; cp. 2 Ti 1:1 (on these three s. New Docs 4, 147).—For var. reasons the gen. is used w. ἐ.: to denote the one fr. whom the promise comes (τ.) θεοῦ Ro 4:20; 2 Cor 1:20; Gal 3:21; 2 Cl 11:1; 1 Ti 1:1 v.l.; to denote the thing promised (Jos., Ant. 3, 77 τ. ἀγαθῶν) ἐ. τ. αἰωνίου κληρονομίας Hb 9:15. τ. ζωῆς 1 Ti 4:8; τ. παρουσίας 2 Pt 3:4; to denote the one(s) for whom the promise is intended τ. πατέρων Ro 15:8 (TestJob 20:1; on βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐ. cp. InsPriene 123, 9 ἐβεβαίωσεν τ. ἐπαγγελίαν).—On the other hand, τῆς ἐπαγγελίας is oft. added, as a kind of gen. of quality, to indicate the relation of the noun in question to the promise: γῆ τ. ἐ. the promised land Hb 11:9 (TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 16 [Stone p. 18] al).; τέκνα τ. ἐ. children of the promise, i.e. those born because of the promise Ro 9:8; Gal 4:28; πνεῦμα τ. ἐ. Eph 1:13; διαθῆκαι τ. ἐ. 2:12. As an obj. gen. in πίστις τῆς ἐ. faith in the promise B 6:17.—ἐ. w. inf. foll. εἰσελθεῖν to enter Hb 4:1.—ἐ. γενομένη πρὸς τ. πατέρας a promise made to the fathers Ac 13:32; also εἰς τ. πατ. 26:6 (Diod S 2, 60, 4 γεγενημένη ἐ.=a promise given).—Of Christ’s promise (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 43) 2 Cl 5:5.

β. w. specification of what was promised (Vi. Aesopi G 79 P.; PsSol 12:6) 1J 2:25 (figura etymol. as Hs 1, 7). Hv 3, 2, 1 (ἐπαγγελίαι w. δῶρα). δεκτὸς τῆς ἐ. recipient of the promised benefit ApcPt Rainer 20. W. epexeg. gen. foll. ἡ ἐ. τοῦ πνεύματος what was promised, namely the Spirit Ac 2:33; Gal 3:14. Foll. by gen. of the one who promises ἐ. τοῦ πατρός Lk 24:49; Ac 1:4; κομίσασθαι τὴν ἐ. Hb 10:36; 11:13 v.l., 39. λαβεῖν Hb 11:13; 2 Cl 11:7; ἀπολαβεῖν B 15:7; Hv 2, 2, 6; ἡ μέλλουσα ἐ. 2 Cl 10:3f.

γ. It is not always poss. to draw a hard and fast line betw. α and β (cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 7, 19: ἐ. τοῦ λουτροῦ): Ac 7:17; Gal 3:22; Eph 3:6; Hb 6:12, 15, 17; 11:9b, 33; 1 Cl 10:2; 34:7.—FBaumgärtel, Verheissung: Zur Frage des evang. Verständnisses des AT ’52.

② The pregnant use of ἐ. Ac 23:21 is in effect an extension of mng. 1 and involves two major components: entertainment of a request and approval of it assurance of agreement προσδέχεσθαι τὴν ἀπό τινος ἐ. wait for assurance fr. someone or consent (namely, to do what has been proposed).—DELG s.v. ἄγγελος. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ὑφίστημι, [dialect] Ion. [full] ὑπίστημι Hdt.5.16, al.: [tense] fut.

A

ὑποστήσω E.El. 983

: [tense] aor. ὑπέστησα, [dialect] Dor.

ὑπέστᾱσα Pi.O.8.26

:—Causal, place or set under, ὑποστήσαντες [τῷ χαλκηΐῳ] τρεῖς κολοσσούς having set them under it, to support it, Hdt.4.152;

ὑ. προθύρῳ κίονας Pi.O.6.1

: metaph., χώραν ὑπέστᾱσε ξένοις κίονα ib.8.26: without dat., τρεῖς σταυροὺς ὑπίστησι plants three piles in the lake to support a house, Hdt.5.16;

ὑ. κλῶνας X.Cyn.10.7

;

ἐρείσματα Arist.HA 625a12

, etc.: metaph., γνώμας ὑποστήσας σοφάς having laid them as a foundation, having begun with them, S.Aj. 1091;

ὑ. δόλον E.

l.c.; v. infr. B.1.1.

2 post secretly or in ambush,

τοὺς δορυφόρους Hdt.5.92

.

ή; ταξάρχους X.HG4.1.26

.

3 bring to a halt, hold up, ὑποστήσαντες (sc. τοὺς στρατιώτας)

ἐν τῷ στενῷ οἱ στρατηγοί Id.An.4.1.14

(v.l. ὑποστάντες, v. infr. B. 111); ὑπέστησε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ναῦν ἀντίπρῳρον τοῖς πολεμίοις stationed it, Plb. 1.50.6.

4 give substance to, cause to subsist, 'hypostatize', Plot.6.7.40, al.; treat as subsisting,

ὁ νοῦς κατὰ τὸ νοεῖν ὑφιστὰς τὸ ὄν Id.5.1.4

;

ὑφίστησι μὲν τὸ ὅλον, ὑφίσταται δὲ τὰ μέρη Dam.Pr. 271

, cf. Procl. Inst.28.

II [voice] Med. also in causal sense, mostly [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. 1, lay down, premise,

εἰ μή τι πιστὸν τῷδ' ὑποστήσει στόλῳ A.Supp. 461

;

ἀρχὰς ψευδεῖς ὑποστήσασθαι Plb.3.48.9

;

ἐπειδὰν ὑποθέσεις εὐπεριλήπτους.. ὑποστήσωνται Id.7.7.6

.

2 substitute one thing for another,

τὸν τρόπον τῇ τοῦ Πέρσου ἀλαζονείᾳ X.Ages.9.1

.

3 conceive, suppose, c. acc. et inf.,

τῷ -στησαμένῳ τοὺς θεοὺς.. εἶναι Phld.D.1.17

;

τοὺς θεοὺς ὑφίστανται τὸν κόσμον διοικεῖν D.S. 1.11

, cf. Heraclit.Incred.13; but the inf. is mostly omitted,

ἄφθαρτον ὑποστησάμενοι τὸν κόσμον D.S.1.6

, cf. 12, D.L.2.86:—[voice] Pass.,

τοὺς θεούς, ἂν φρονοῦντες -σταθῶσιν Phld.D.1.7

.

4 set before onself as a model, τινα Isoc.5.113.

B [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2 and [tense] pf. [voice] Act. (Hom. uses only [tense] aor. 2):— stand under as a support,

ὑπεστᾶσι κολοσσοὶ.. τῇ αὐλῇ Hdt.2.153

;

τοὺς σταυροὺς τοὺς ὑπεστεῶτας τοῖσι ἰκρίοισι Id.5.16

;

τὸ ὑφεστὸς τῷ βάρει Arist.IA 708b31

; v. supr. A. 1.1.

2 sink, settle, τὸ ὑπιστάμενον the milk, opp. τὸ ἐπιστάμενον (the cream), Hdt.4.2; opp. τὸ ἐπιπολάζον, Arist.Cael. 311a17; of a sediment, deposit,

ἐν οὔρῳ ψαμμώδεα ὑφίσταται Hp.Aph.4.79

, cf. Arist.Mete. 357b3; opp. ἐπιπλεῖν, Thphr. HP3.15.4; of the sun, set, Emp.48(cj.).

II place oneself under an engagement, promise to do, folld. by [tense] fut. inf.,

ὅσσ' Ἀχιλῆϊ.. ὑπέστημεν δώσειν Il.19.195

, cf. Hdt.9.94;

θύσειν ὑπέστης παῖδα E.IA 360

(troch.), cf. Ar.V. 716(anap.), Pl.Lg. 751d; by [tense] aor.inf.,

ὑφεστακώς μοι ἦν ὁ Διόδωρος φιλάνθρωπον δοῦναι BGU1141.45

(i B. C.); by [tense] pres. inf.,

ὑπέστησαν ποιέειν ταῦτα Hdt.3.128

;

ὑ. τὴν τάξιν ἔχειν X.Cyr.6.3.35

: the inf. is sts. omitted, ὡς.. ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα (sc. ἔσεσθαι) Il.4.267: abs.,

ἢ ἔπος ἠέ τι ἔργον ὑποστὰς ἐξετέλεσσε

after promise given,

Od. 3.99

, cf. Il.21.457, Hdt.3.127, 9.34, Lys.19.19, X.An.4.1.26; ὤσπερ ὑπέστη as he promised, Th.4.39, 8.29: c. dat. pers., ὤς οἱ ὑπέστην as I promised him, Il.15.75: sts. with acc. of object (but an inf. may be supplied),

πάντα τελευτήσεις ὅσ' ὑπέστης.. Πριάμῳ 13.375

;

τρίποδας φέρον, οὕς οἱ ὑπέστη 19.243

, cf. 11.244;

ἐκτελέουσιν ὑπόσχεσιν ἥνπερ ὑπέσταν 2.286

, cf. Od.10.483; ἦ ῥ' ἅλιον τὸν μῦθον ὑπέστημεν.., ἀπονέεσθαι vain was the promise we made.., that he would return, Il.5.715.

2 submit, c. dat., τινι 9.160: with [tense] aor. inf., ὑ. θανεῖν, κατθανεῖν, E.HF 706, Ion 1415.

3 c. acc. rei, submit to, consent to, ὁ τὸ ἐλάχιστον ὑπιστάμενος who offers to take the least, Hdt. 1.196; ὑ. τὸν πλοῦν undertake it unwillingly, Th.4.28;

ὑ. τὸν κίνδυνον Id.2.61

, Lys.9.7, cf. Th.4.59, Isoc.3.28;

ἀγῶνας Th.3.57

, OGI763.9 (Milet., ii B. C.);

πόνον E.Supp. 189

;

βέλος Id.HF 1350

;

ἔρωτα Id.Tr. 415

;

ἀπεχθείας Plu.Them.3

;

πόλεμον Plb. 1.6.7

, Alciphr.3.45; πράγματα ib.61;

τὴν πρᾶξιν Plu.Pel.8

;

τὸν ἆθλον Luc.Rh.Pr.24

: also c. inf., consent, bring oneself to,

οὔ τίς με.. ὑπέστη σαῶσαι Il.21.273

;

πᾶν ἂν ὑποστὰς εἰπεῖν D.21.114

; ὑ. ἐξαπατᾶν τινα Id. 19.69: abs., submit patiently, Id.Prooem.5.1; ὑφίστασθαι συμβαίνει τὸν κερατοειδῆ the cornea yields (to pressure), Aët.7.36.

b undertake an office,

τὴν ἀρχήν X.An.6.1.19

,31;

γυμνασιαρχίαν IG5(1).535.12

([place name] Sparta), cf. OGI494.6 (Milet., ii A. D.); ὑφέστη (sic)

τὴν στρατηγίαν SIG876.6

(Smyrna, ii/iii A. D.), cf. Plu.Cam.37: also

ἐθελοντὴν ὑποστῆναι τριήραρχον Lys.29.7

;

χορηγὸς ὑπέστην D.21.69

; ἐμὲ τοῦ λόγου διάδοχον.. ὑποστάντα PlPhlb.19a; poet.,

ὑπέστης αἵματος δέκτωρ A.Eu. 204

: metaph., ψυχὴν Τέλητος ὑπέστης, i. e. you promised to be as brave as T., Hermipp.46 (anap.).

c make an offer in a public auction, ἔδοξεν.. μοι μηθὲν ὑποστῆναι I decided to make no bid, commit myself to nothing, PCair.Zen.371.9 (iii B.C.), cf. PMich.Zen. 60.10 (iii B. C.); δώδεκα ἀρταβῶν ὑπέστη he undertook (to supply the produce) of 12 artabae, ib. 36.5 (iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen.199.4 (iii B.C.), PEleph.21.16 (iii B.C.); ὑφίστατο.. τάξεσθαι ἑκάστου πήχεως [x] PTheb. Bank 1.2 (ii B. C.); οὐ δυνόμενος ( = -άμενος)

οὐκέτι ὑποστῆναι τὴν γεωργίαν Sammelb.7468.11

(iii A. D.).

d ὑπέστη πολλὰς ἀπορίας laid himself open to many doubts, Plot.3.6.12.

III lie concealed or in ambush, Hdt.8.91, E.Andr. 1114, v.l. in X.An.4.1.14; v. supr. A. 1.2,

ὑφίημι 1.3

, ὑφεῖσα.

IV resist, withstand, c. dat., A.Pers.87 (lyr.), X.An.3.2.11, HG7.5.12:

ξυμφοραῖς ταῖς μεγίσταις ὑ. Th.2.61

, cf. E.HF 1349: c. acc., Id.Cyc. 200, Rh. 375 (lyr.), Th.1.144, Plb.9.35.1: abs., stand one's ground, face the enemy, E.Ph. 1470, Th.4.54, 8.68, Plb.4.80.5; opp. φεύγω, X.Cyr.4.2.31, Plu.Demetr.25; ὑποστᾰθείς, opp. φεύγων, E.Rh. 315; of clouds, opp. προωθεῖσθαι, Arist.Pr. 940b36.

2 subsist, exist (cf.

ὑπόστασις B.

III),

κατ' ἰδίαν ὑφεστώς Arist.Fr. 188

;

ὑφέστηκε τό τε ὁρᾶν ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀκούειν ὥσπερ τὸ ἀλγεῖν Epicur.Fr.36

;

τὸ ὑφεστηκὸς τέλος Id.Sent.22

, cf. Diog.Oen.5, Arr.Epict.3.7.6;

ἐκ τοῦ μηκέτ' ὄντος μηδ' ὑφεστῶτος Plu.2.829c

, cf. Luc.Par.27; τὸ παρῳχημένον τοῦ χρόνου καὶ τὸ μέλλον οὐχ ὑπάρχειν ἀλλ' ὑφεστηκέναι φησί (sc. Χρύσιππος) Stoic.2.165; the Stoic distinction betw. τὸ ὄν and τὸ ὑφεστός is pettifogging acc. to Gal.10.155 (= Stoic.2.115);

τὰ ὑφεστῶτα

business in hand,

Plb.6.14.5

.

b ὑφεστηκότος παρὰ τῷ ταμίᾳ κατ' ἰδίαν λόγου the treasurer having a special bank-account, IG12(9).236.64 (Eretria, ii B.C.);

τὸ ἥμισσυ ἀναπεμπόντω ἐπὶ τὰν δαμοσίαν τράπεζαν ἐς τὸν ὑφεστᾱκότα τᾶς θεοῦ λόγον Arch.f.Religionswiss. 10.211

(Cos, ii B.C.); ὑποστησαμένους λόγον πόλεως τῶν.. χρημάτων ἐγγράφεσθαι τὸ διδόμενον they shall open a municipal account (entitled) 'the.. fund' and place this gift to its credit, SIG577.13 (Milet., iii/ii B.C.).

V ἡ κοιλία ὑφίσταται the bowels are costive, lit., are obstructed or stopped, Plu.2.134e.

VI arise within,

τῷ πλήθει τοιοῦτον ὑπέστη δέος Plb.11.30.2

codd. ( παρέστη is prob. cj.).

ἐπαγγέλλομαι (s. prec. entry; freq. ‘announce, proclaim’; the act. since Hom.; the mid., which alone occurs in our lit., since Soph., Hdt., Thu.; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol 3:7; 20:2 P; TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 31 [Stone p. 6]; ApcMos 41; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat.) 1 aor. ἐπηγγειλάμην; pf. ἐπήγγελμαι, the latter also w. pass. mng. (cp. Kühner-G. I 120; s. 1b)

① to declare to do someth. with implication of obligation to carry out what is stated, promise, offer

ⓐ of human promises and offers τινί τι promise someth. to someone (PTebt. 58, 32 [III B.C.]; 1 Macc 11:28; 2 Macc 4:8) ἐλευθερίαν τινί Hs 5, 2, 7; 2 Pt 2:19; ἐπαγγελίαν GJs 7:1.—Of the Sybil ὸ̔ ἐπηγγείλατο ὅραμα Hv 3, 2, 3. W. dat. and inf. foll. (cp. Polyb. 1, 46, 4; PTebt 411, 9; 3 Macc 1:4; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 57). ἐπηγγείλαντο αὐτῷ ἀργύριον δοῦναι they promised to give him money Mk 14:11 (cp. 2 Macc 4:27).

ⓑ of God: promise (2 Macc 2:18; 3 Macc 2:10; PsSol) τὶ someth. Ro 4:21; Tit 1:2; ITr 11:2; τινί τι (Sb 7172, 27f. [217 B.C.] ἃ ἐπηγγείλαντο [the gods] αὐτῷ) Hv 5:7; Dg 10:2. στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν Js 1:12; cp. 2:5 (ἧς ἐπηγγείλατο w. attraction of the relative=ἣν ἐ.). τὸ ποτήριον ὸ̔ ἐπηγγειλάμην σοι ApcPt Rainer 11. γῆν Χαναναίων AcPl Ha 8, 14. ἡ ἐπαγγελία, ἣν αὐτὸς ἐ. ἡμῖν what he himself has promised us 1J 2:25 (ἡ ἐπαγγελία, ἣν ἐ. τινι as Esth 4:7. Cp. also Diod S 15, 6, 5 ἐπηγγείλατο ἐπαγγελίαν); cp. Ac 7:17 v.l.; Hv 1, 3, 4 (s. Joly ad loc. on the punctuation); Hs 1:7. W. inf. foll. (Jos., Ant. 3, 23; Just. A I, 40, 7) Ac 7:5; 2 Cl 11:6; Hv 3, 1, 2. W. ὅτι foll. 1 Cl 32:2. W. λέγων foll. Hb 12:26. Abs. (the abs. use also PPetr I, 29, 12 [III B.C.]) make a promise τινί Hb 6:13. God is described as ὁ ἐπαγγειλάμενος 10:23; 11:11 (a Phrygian ins [IGR IV, 766] calls aspirants for a city office, who make all kinds of promises, οἱ ἐπανγειλάμενοι; Larfeld I 494).—Of faith πάντα ἐπαγγέλλεται Hm 9:10.—Pass. (Just., D. 106, 3 τὴν ἐπηγγελμένην … γῆν) τὸ σπέρμα, ᾧ ἐπήγγελται the offspring for whom the promise was intended Gal 3:19. ἐπηγγελμέναι δωρεαί promised gifts 1 Cl 35:4.

② to claim to be well-accomplished in someth., profess, lay claim to, give oneself out as an expert in someth. w. acc. (X., Mem. 1, 2, 7 τ. ἀρετήν, Hell. 3, 4, 3 στρατιάν; Diog. L., prooem. 12 σοφίαν; Lucian, Vit. Auct. 7 τ. ἄσκησιν; Philo, Virt. 54 θεοῦ θεραπείαν; Tat. 23, 2; 36, 1; 42, 1) θεοσέβειαν devotion 1 Ti 2:10. γνῶσιν 6:21. πίστιν IEph 14:2; here also w. inf. foll. (cp. Wsd 2:13 γνῶσιν ἔχειν θεοῦ) Χριστοῦ εἶναι.—M-M. TW.

ἐπάγγελμα, ατος, τό (s. prec. entry; Pla., Demosth. al.; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 24) in our lit. only of God

① a declaration to do someth. with implication of obligation to carry out what is stated, promise κατὰ τὸ ἐ. according to the promise 2 Pt 3:13.

② the content of what is promised, the thing promised (Ael. Aristid. 52 p. 599 D.; Philo, Mut. Nom. 128) τὰ μέγιστα ἐ. ἡμῖν δεδώρηται (God) promised very great things and has granted them to us 1:4.—TW.

κληρονομ-έω,

A inherit, c. gen. rei,

ὥσπερ τῆς οὐσίας, οὕτω καὶ τῆς φιλίας τῆς πατρικῆς κ. Isoc.1.2

, cf. Is.4.7, Lycurg.127;

ὅς γ' ἐκεκληρονομήκεις τῶν.. χρημάτων πλεῖν ἢ πέντε ταλάντων D.18.312

;

μὴ πλειόνων ἢ μιᾶς [κληρονομίας] τὸν αὐτὸν κ. Arist.Pol. 1309a25

: c. acc. rei, Lycurg.88, Luc.DMort.11.3, BGU 19 ii 1 (ii A.D.), etc.: abs., Phld. Mort.24.

2 acquire, obtain,

τὴν ἐπ' ἀσεβείᾳ δόξαν Plb.15.22.3

;

φήμην Id.18.55.8

;

θρόνον βασιλείας LXX 1 Ma.2.57

; τὴν γῆν receive possession of the promised land, Palestine, ib.Le.20.24, De.4.1 (also, obtain all that God has promised, ib.Ps.36(37).11, cf. Ev.Matt.5.5); obtain salvation,

ζωὴν αἰώνιον Ev.Matt.19.29

.

II to be an inheritor or heir, τινος of a person, Luc.Hist.Conscr.20: more freq. τινα, Posidon. 36J., Plu.Sull.2, PGnom.5, al. (ii A.D.), AP11.202, etc.;

κ. τινὰ τῆς οὐσίας D.C.45.47

: metaph.,

σῆτες καὶ σκώληκες -ομήσουσιν αὐτόν LXX Si.19.3

:—[voice] Pass., to be succeeded in the inheritance, of parents, Ph. 2.172, 291, Luc.Tox.22;

ὑφ' ὧν τὴν ῥητορικὴν ἐκληρονομήθη Philostr. VS2.26.6

.

III leave an heir behind one,

υἱοὺς υἱῶν LXX Pr.13.22

.

Λᾱομέδων father of Priam, king of Troy; he refused to pay the promised reward to Herakles, whereupon Herakles, Telamon, Iolaos (and Peleus fr. 172) destroyed Troy and killed him.

κατατίθημι, [tense] fut. - θήσω: Hom. freq. uses the [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. forms, [voice] Act. κάτθεμεν, κάτθετε, κάτθεσαν, inf. κατθέμεν ([dialect] Dor. κατθέμειν prob. in Epich.71, [dialect] Aeol.

A

κά (θ) θηκε Schwyzer647a

(Naucratis, vi B.C.)), [voice] Med. κατθέμεθα, κατθέσθην, κατθέμενοι (sg.

κάτθετο A.R.3.867

); also καταθείομεν, [tense] aor. subj. for καταθῶμεν, Od.21.264; καταθείομαι, [tense] aor. subj. [voice] Med. for καταθῶμαι, Il.22.111, Od.19.17:—place, put, lay down, folld. by various Preps.,

κ. ἄρνας ἐπὶ χθονός Il.3.293

;

κόρυθ' ἐπὶ χθονί 6.473

; κ. τινὰ ἐν Λυκίης δήμῳ or εἰς Ἰθάκην, set him down in.., 16.683, Od.16.230;

τινὰ ἐν λεχέεσσι Il.18.233

;

τεύχε' ἐς θάλαμον Od.24.166

;

ἐς μέγαρον ἐπὶ θρόνου 20.96

;

κλισίην τινὶ παρὰ πυρί 19.55

;

τι ὑπὸ ζυγά 13.20

; τι ἐκ καπνοῦ take down out of the smoke, 16.288, 19.7.

2 put down, offer as a prize,

ἄπυρον κατέθηκε λέβητα Il.23.267

, cf. 885 (tm.);

κ. ἄεθλα Od.24.91

; but κ. ἄεθλον ordain a contest, 19.572; εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν γράμματα κ. set up as a public notice, Pl.Lg. 946d; so also κ. τι ἐς μέσον put it down in the midst, i.e. for common use, E.Cyc. 547, cf. Ar.Ec. 602; οὐσίαν, χρήματα κ., ib. 855, 871;

τὰ ὅπλα εἰς τὸ μέσον X.Cyr.2.1.14

; but ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι κ. τὰ πρήγματα communicate power to them, give them a common share of it, Hdt. 3.80;

ἐς μέσον Κῴοισι κ. τὴν ἀρχήν Id.7.164

;

τὸ αὑτῶν ἔργον ἅπασι κοινὸν κ. Pl.R. 369e

; κ. εἰς τὸ μέσον or εἰς τὸ κοινόν, propose for common discussion, Id.Phlb. 14b, Cra. 384c.

3 put down as payment, pay down, Hdt.9.120, Ar.Ra. 176, Nu. 246, Th.1.27, Pl.Prt. 314b, Lg. 921d, etc.;

τέλη Antipho 5.77

;

μετοίκιον Lys.31.9

;

τὸ ὄφλημα D. 21.99

, cf. 151;

τὰς συμβολάς Antiph.26.8

; put down as paid (in accounts), X. Oec.9.8; τί.. τουτοινὶ καταθῶ σοι .. ; what shall I pay you for these? Ar. Pax 1214: generally, pay, perform what one has promised,

νικῶντί γε χάριν κ. Pi.N.7.76

; ἃ δ' ὑπέσχεο ποῖ καταθήσεις; S. OC 227 (anap.):—alsoin [voice] Med., v.infr.11.7.

b dedicate, Schwyzer647a (Naucratis, vi B.C.), 682 (2) (Cypr.), al.

4 deposit, παρακαταθήκην ὲς .. Hdt.5.92.

ή; ἐνέχυρα IG5(2).344.18

(Orchom.Arc., iii B.C.):— in this sense usu. in [voice] Med., cf. 11.4.

b mortgage, Leg.Gort.6.19, Test.Epict.2.13, etc.

5 deposit in the tomb, bury, v.l. in Ev.Marc. 15.46.

6 sow seed, POxy.1031.17 (iii A.D.).

7 κ. ὁδόν lay down, make a road, Pi.P.5.90.

8 dish up, serve, Epich.71.

9 in late form κατατίθω, consign,

ἀγγέλοις καταχθονίοις Tab.Defix.Aud. 75.1

.

II [voice] Med., lay down from oneself, put off, lay aside, esp. of arms,

τεύχεα.., τὰ μὲν κατέθεντ' ἐπὶ γαίῃ Il.3.114

, cf. Od.22.141 (hence, comically,

θυμὸν κατάθου παρὰ τὴν ὀργὴν ὥσπερ ὁπλίτης Ar.Av. 401

);

χλαίνας μὲν κατέθεντο κατὰ κλισμούς Od.17.86

; ζώναν καταθηκαμένα, of a maiden, Pi.O.6.39; θοἰμάτιον, etc., Ar.Pl. 926, etc.; τὴν χλαμύδα (of the ἔφηβος) prob. in Philem.34; τὴν μοναρχίαν lay down, Plu.Fab.9.

2 metaph., put an end to, settle,

τὸν πόλεμον Th.1.121

, Lys.33.6, D.19.264:—[voice] Pass., ξυμφορᾶς μετρίως κατατιθεμένης being arranged on tolerable terms, Th.4.20.

b put aside, leave out of the question,

τοὺς ποιητάς Pl.Prt. 348a

, cf. Ti. 59c, Democr.3; κ. ἐν ἀμελείᾳ treat negligently, X.Mem.1.4.15.

3 lay down in a place; of the dead, bury, Od.24.190;

κ. πηδάλιον ὑπὲρ καπνοῦ Hes.Op.45

;

τὰς μαχαίρας ἐνθαδί Ar.Eq. 489

; [ τὰ στρώματα] Id.Ra. 166; ὤμοισι κατ' ἄμβροτα θήκατο τεύχη on one's shoulders, Q.S.12.303; put on shore, disembark, Luc.Alex.57; ποῖ δὴ ἡμᾶς ὁ ἀνὴρ -θήσεται; Plu.Caes.37: metaph., πολλὰ αἱ μακραὶ ἁμέραι κατέθεντο λύπας ἐγγυτέρω have brought them nearer.., S.OC 1216 (lyr.).

4 deposit for oneself, lay by, lay up in store (v.supr.1.4), [γαστέρας] ἐπὶ δόρπῳ for supper, Od.18.45;

ἔντεα ἐς θάλαμον 19.17

;

ὅπλα εἰς τὰς ἄκρας X.Cyr.7.5.34

;

βίον Hes.Op. 601

; σμικρὸν ἐπὶ σμικρῷ ib. 361;

καρποὺς ἐς φορβήν Hdt.1.202

;

παραθήκην Id.6.73

;

χρήματα Antipho Soph.54

;

θησαυρὸν παισί Thgn.409

;

θησαυροὺς ἐν οἴκῳ X. Cyr.8.2.15

;

μυρίους δαρεικοὺς εἰς τὸ ἴδιον ἐμοί Id.An.1.3.3

; [ σῖτον] hoarditup in hope of high prices, Lys.22.9.

b metaph., κλέος lay up store of glory, Hdt.7.220, 9.78, Pl.Smp. 208c;

ἀΐδιον δόξαν κ. Th. 4.87

;

κ. ἀποστροφήν τινι X. An.7.6.34

: freq. χάριτα or χάριν κατατίθεσθαι τινι or πρός τινα, lay up a store of gratitude or favour, Hdt.6.41, 7.178, Antipho 5.61, Th.1.33, D.59.21, etc.;

εὐεργεσίαν κ. ἐς βασιλέα Th.1.128

(so in [voice] Pass.,

μεγάλων μοι κατατεθεισῶν ἐς αὐτὸν εὐεργεσιῶν Hdn.3.6.2

, cf. 1.4.3); also

ἔχθραν καταθέσθαι πρὸς ἐκείνους ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν Lys.2.22

;

κατέθετο μῖσος διπλάσιον τῆς οὐσίας Men.626

; but κ. ὀργὴν εἴς τινας vent one's fury upon.., X. Cyn.10.8.

5 deposit in a place of safety,

τοὺς πρέσβεις κατέθεντο εἰς Αἴγιναν Th.3.72

;

τὴν λείαν ἐς τοὺς Βιθυνούς X.HG1.3.2

;

κ. εἰς τὸ οἴκημα D.56.4

;

οἴκαδε Pl.Prt. 314a

;

διαθήκην παρά τινι Is.6.27

;

φιλίαν παρὰ θεούς X.An.2.5.8

; [

Διόνυσον] ἐν Δρακάνῳ Theoc.26.34

:—[voice] Pass., of prisoners, ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ κατατεθῶσιν Lex ap.D.24.63, cf. D.C.58.1.

6 lay up in memory or as a memorial, χρὴ.. γνώμην ταύτην ( ταύτῃ Bgk.)

καταθέσθαι Thgn.717

;

μνημεῖον παρά τινι Pl.Tht. 209c

; κ. εἰς μνήμην record, register, Id.Lg. 858d;

κ. τι ἐς βιβλίον D.61.2

;

γνώμην -θέσθαι εἰς μέσον D.H.Rh.9.4

.

7 pay (cf. 1.3),

ἐκφόριον BGU1059.22

(i B.C.), cf. PTeb.329.7 (ii A.D.), etc.

b employ, spend, τὴν ἀκμὴν.. πρὸς τί κατατιθέμενος on what he is employing the prime of life, Apollod. Com.13.4;

τὸν βίον εἴς τι Phld.Rh.1.244

S.; κ. τὴν σχολὴν εἰς καλόν τι employ one's leisure in.., Plu.2.135d;

τὴν τοῦ λέγειν δύναμιν εἰς τὴν τῶν ἀδικουμένων βοήθειαν D.S.9.13

; σπουδὴν-τιθέμενοι Polystr.p.19 W.

8 impose,

ὄνομα Parm.19.3

, cf. 8.39; but μορφὰς κατέθεντο δύο γνώμας ὀνομάζειν recorded their decision, decided to name, ib.53.

9 in Law, depose, aver,

ἐν ὑπομνήμασι PLips.35.16

(iv A.D.), cf. Cod.Just.1.5.16.1, etc.

b = συγκατατίθεμαι, Eust. 1261.19.

c make a testamentary disposition,

κ. διαθηκιμαίαν βούλησιν PMasp.151.43

, al. (vi A.D.).—Freq. in Hom. and familiar [dialect] Att.; rare in Trag.

προεπ-αγγέλλω,

A announce before,

ὡς μαντευσόμενοι D.C.38.13

;

π. σφίσιν αὐτὸ τοῦθ' ὅπως.. Id.40.32

:—[voice] Pass.,

εὐλογία -ηγγελμένη 2 Ep.Cor.9.5

;

τὰ -ηγγελμένα

matters on which orders had been issued,

Arr. An.6.27.1

.

II canvass for an office before, D.C.39.31.

III [voice] Med., announce before,

εὐαγγέλιον Ep.Rom.1.2

:—[voice] Pass., to be promised before, D.C.42.32, 46.40.

τᾰχύς [ῠ], εῖα, ύ:

I of motion, swift, fleet, opp. βραδύς,

1 of persons and animals, either abs., Il.18.69, etc.; or more fully,

πόδας ταχύς 13.249

, 482, 17.709, etc.;

ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν Od.17.308

; θείειν τ. Il.16.186, Od.3.112; κύνες, ἔλαφος, πτώξ, ἵππος, Il.3.26, 8.248, 17.676, 23.347, etc.;

οἰωνόν, ταχὺν ἄγγελον 24.292

, cf. Od.15.526; τ. βαδιστής a quick walker, E.Med. 1182; σφοδροὶ καὶ τ. X.Cyr.2.1.31.

2 of things,

τ. πόδες Il.6.514

, cf. Od.13.261, etc.; τ. ἰός, ὀϊστοί, Il.4.94, Od.22.3, etc.;

πτερά Ar.Av. 1453

;

- ύτατα ἅρματα Pi.O.1.77

; νῆες, τριήρεις, Hdt.8.23, Th.6.43, etc.; [

ἴχνος] τὸ τοῦ ποδὸς μὲν βραδύ, τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ ταχύ E. Ion 742

.

II of thought and purpose, quick, hasty,

φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς S.OT 617

: c. inf., βλάπτειν τ. Ar.Ra. 1428;

τ. βουλεῦσαί τι ἀνήκεστον Th.1.132

, cf. 118, Luc. Dem.Enc.12; also

τ. πρὸς ὀργήν Plu.Cat.Mi.1

; τὸ ταχύ speed, haste, E.Ph. 452, X.Eq.7.18, etc.

2 of actions, events, etc., rapid, sudden,

πήδημα S.Aj. 833

; ᾅδης, μόρος, E.Hipp. 1047, Mosch.3.26;

πόλεμος Th.4.55

, 6.45;

φυγή Id.4.44

;

μεταβολή Pl.R. 553d

; short, τ. ἐλπίδες fleeting hopes, Pi.P.1.83;

ἐπαυρέσεις Th.2.53

;

ἀτραπός Ar. Ra. 127

;

ταχεῖ σὺν χρόνῳ S.OC 1602

; τ. διήγησις short, rapid, Arist. Rh. 1416b30.

B Adv.,

1 regul. τᾰχέως, quickly, opp. βραδέως, Il.23.365, Hes.Th. 103, etc.:—rarely in sense perhaps (cf.

τάχα 11

), Plb.16.25.8.

2 the Adv. is also expressed by periphr., διὰ ταχέων in haste, Th.1.80, 3.13, Pl.Ap. 32d, X.An.1.5.9;

ἐκ ταχείας S.Tr. 395

; cf.

τάχος 11

.

3 neut. ταχύ as Adv., Pi.P.10.51, N.1.51, S.Ph. 349, E.HF 885 (lyr.), Ar.Eq. 109, Gal.16.665, etc.; ἤδη ἤδη τ. τ. Sammelb. 4321.21, BGU956.3 (both iii A.D.); ἄρτι ἄρτι τ. τ. Arch.Pap.5.393 (ii A.D.); also τάχα (q.v.).

4 the Adj. ταχύς is freq. construed with Verbs, where we should use the Adv.,

ταχέες δ' ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν Il.23.287

;

ταχεῖά γ' ἦλθε χρησμῶν πρᾶξις A.Pers. 739

;

ὁρμάσθω ταχύς S.Ph. 526

; δεῦρ' ἀφίξεται τ. Id.OC 307;

τ. χάρις διαρρεῖ Id.Aj. 1266

, cf. Th.2.75, 5.66.

C Degrees of Comparison:

I [comp] Comp.:

1 the form [full] τᾰχύτερος, α, ον, is used by Hdt.,

ἐποίησα ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα 3.65

, cf. 7.194; also in Arist.Mu. 394b3, Arr.Ind.9.6, Aret.SD1.16, but not in good [dialect] Att.; ταχύτερον as Adv., Hdt.4.127, 9.101, Hp. Prog.17.

2 the more usual form is [full] θάσσων, neut. θᾶσσον, gen. ονος, [dialect] Att. [full] θάττων, neut. θᾶττον, Il.15.570, 13.819 (elsewh. only neut. in Hom.), etc.:—neut. as Adv., freq. in Hom., Od.2.307, al.; θᾶσσον ἂν.. κλύοιμι sooner, i.e. rather, would I hear, S.Ph. 631; θᾶσσον also often stands for the Positive, Il.2.440, Od.15.201, 16.130, Pi.P.4.181, Ar.Nu. 506, V. 187, Ra.94; οὐ θᾶσσον οἴσεις; i.e. make haste and bring, S.Tr. 1183, cf. OT 430; θᾶττον νοήματος quicker than thought, X.Mem.4.3.13, cf. Ar.V. 824, etc.; with a Conj., ὅτι θᾶσσον, like ὅτι τάχιστα, Theoc.24.48; ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον συνεσκότασεν as soon as.., D.54.5;

ἐπειδὰν θ. συνιῇ τις Pl.Prt. 325c

;

ὅταν θ. φθέγγηται ὁ κόκκυξ Arist.HA 563b17

, cf. 611a5; ἐὰν or ἢν θ. as soon as.., X.Cyr.3.3.20, An.6.5.20, Pl.Alc.1.105a; ἂν θ. Men. Pk. 174; εἰ θ. Pl.Ep. 324b; ὡς θ. Plb.1.66.1, 3.82.1; θ. rarely = sooner than, before, ἐξήλαυνον μεσημβρίας οὐ πολλῷ τινι θ. Aristid. Or.51 (27).13 (cf. τάχιον infr. 3).

3 the form [full] ταχίων [pron. full] [ῑ], neut. ιον, is freq. in late Prose, as LXX Wi.13.9, 1 Ma.2.40, Ph.Bel.69.14, 17, 73.23, Gem.1.20, D.H.6.42, D.S.20.6, J. (v. infr.), Plu.2.240d, Ev.Jo. 20.4, Alciphr.3.4; also in Hp.Mul.1.1, Men.402.16; but condemned by Phryn.58, Hdn.Philet.p.436 P.; τὴν ταχίονα τῆς τροφῆς παράθεσιν earlier, sooner, Gal.19.206:—Adv. τάχιον earlier, πλέεται.. περὶ τὸν Σεπτέμβριον μῆνα.., οὐδὲν δὲ κωλύει κἂν τ. Peripl.M.Rubr. 24; τ. τῆς ὑποσχέσεως sooner than they had promised, Rev.Ét.Gr. 6.159 ([place name] Iasus);

τ. τοῦ παραγγέλματος J.BJ4.4.2

;

εἰς μακρὸν αὐτῶν γῆρας καὶ βίου μῆκος ὅμοιον τοῖς τ. ἐπερχομένων Id.AJ1.3.7

;

ἀποπαύεται οὔτε τ. ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα οὔτε βράδιον ἐτῶν πεντήκοντα Sor. 1.20

, cf. 48, al.; formerly,

ἐπεσκεύασαν τὸ παρόχιον,.. τ. γενόμενον γυμνάσιον IGRom.3.639

(Lycia, ii A.D.), cf. 4.1517 ([place name] Sardis), 1632.14 ([place name] Philadelphia), 1665.5 ([place name] Tira), Keil-Premerstein Dritter Bericht p.79 (iii A.D.), Hermes 63.229 ([place name] Callatis); cf. supr. 2 fin.

II [comp] Sup.:

1 the form [full] ταχύτατος is rare,

ταχύτατα ἅρματα Pi.O.1.77

; ταχύτατα as Adv., X.HG5.1.27 codd., Antiph.87 codd.; but both passages have been corrected.

2 the usual form is [full] τάχιστος, η, ον, used by Hom. only in neut. pl. τάχιστα as Adv., most quickly, most speedily, ὅττι τάχιστα as soon as may be, as soon as possible, Il.4.193, 9.659, al.;

ὅτι τάχιστα S.OT 1341

(lyr.), Th.3.31, etc.; so ὅσον τ. A.Ch. 772, S. OT 1436, etc.; ᾳ (prob.) τ. Pi.O.13.79; ὅπως τ. A.Ag. 605, S.OT 1410, Ar.V. 167; ὡς τ. IG12.76.23, Hdt.1.210, Th.4.15, E.Rh. 147, X.An.1.3.14: these are ellipt. phrases, as may be seen from the foll. examples,

ὡς δυνατόν ἐστι τάχιστα Pl.Lg. 710b

, X.Cyr. 5.4.3; ᾗ δυνατὸν τ. Id.HG6.3.6; ὡς or ᾗ ἠδύνατο τ. Id.Cyr.3.2.14, An.1.2.4; ὡς δύναιτο τ. Hdt.1.79; ὡς or ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ. X.HG4.1.38, Cyr.7.1.9, cf. IG12.106.18.

b τάχιστα after Particles of Time, as soon as, ἐπεὶ ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεί τε)

τάχιστα A.Pr. 201

, Hdt.1.27,75, 7.163, X.An.7.2.6, PCair.Zen.34.12 (iii B.C.); ἐπειδὴ τ. Pl.Prt. 310d, Is.9.3, D.27.16, etc.; ἐπεὰν τ. Hdt.4.134, 7.129, 8.144; ἐπὰν τ. X.An.4.6.9; ἐπειδὰν τ. Id.Cyr.1.3.14, An.3.1.9; ὅταν τ. Id.Cyr.4.5.33: also ὡς τ. separated by one or more words,

ὡς ἡμέρη τ. ἐγεγόνεε Hdt.1.11

, cf. 19, 47,65, al., X.Cyr.1.3.2, Mem.1.2.16, al.;

ὡς δὲ τ. ἐξῆλθε.. κόρον ἔτεκε IG42(1).121.4

(Epid., iv B.C.);

ὡς γὰρ τ. εἰσῆλθον Men.Pk. 287

;

ὡς ἂν τ. λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν PCair.Zen.241.1

(iii B.C.); but ὡς τ. γὰρ ἀπεδήμησας ib.472.7 (iii B.C.); ὅπως τ. A.Pr. 230:—the same notion is sometimes expressed by the part., ἀπαλλαγεὶς τάχιστα, = ὡς ἀπηλλάγη τ., Plu.Dem.8, cf. 25.

3 freq. also in Prose, τὴν ταχίστην (in full,

τὴν τ. ὁδόν X.An.1.2.20

, Luc.Rh.Pr.4 ) as Adv., by the quickest way, i.e. most quickly, Hdt. 1.24,73,81,86, Hyp.Eux.7, Men. Pk.75, Plb.1.33.4, etc. (Cf. Lith. (dial.) deñgti, Lett. diêgt, both = 'run quickly', Polish dążyć 'hurry'.)

φᾰτίζω, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Dor. Verb, used also in Trag.,

A tell of, διακοσμον Parm.8.60; ἐφάτισαν [τὰ γράμματα].. Φοινικήϊα κεκλῆσθαι they spoke of them by the name of Phoenician, Hdt.5.58;

οὐδὲν ἀναύδατον φατίσαιμ' ἄν S.Aj. 715

(lyr.); generally, say,

φατίζω πάλιν ἀγάλλευ Dius

ap.Stob.4.21.17, cf. Hsch.; make a statement in court, PGrenf. 2.78.22 (iv A. D.):—[voice] Pass., to be expressed,

πεφατισμένον ἐστίν Parm. 8.35

; to be said to do, c. inf., A.R.1.24, Eus.Mynd.63;

τὸ φατιζόμενον

as the saying is,

S.OC 139

(lyr.);

κατὰ τὰ φατιζόμενα Eus.

Mynd. l. c.

II promise, engage, betroth,

παῖδά τινι E.IA 135

(anap.):— [voice] Pass., ἐμὴ φατισθεῖσα my promised bride, ib. 936.

III [voice] Pass., to be called, named,

Ἱερὴ δὲ φατίζεται A.R.1.1019

;

πεφάτισται Call. Jov.39

, A.R.4.658, Nic.Fr.74.30;

Θέμις φατίζεται παρὰ τοῖς οὐρανίοις θεοῖς, Δίκα δὲ παρὰ τοῖς χθονίοις Theag.

ap. Stob.3.1.117.

ἐπαγγ-ελτικός, ή, όν,

A given to promising, ἐπεκλήθη Δώσων

ὡς ἐ. Plu.Aem.8

; also

[λόγος] πρὸς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐ. Phld.Rh.2.2

.S., cf. Iamb.Myst.3.30. Adv.

- κῶς Ath.Mech.15.9

: [comp] Comp.

-κώτερον, εἰπεῖν

too professorially,

Arist.Rh. 1398b30

.

2 promised,

οὐ δύνασθαι τελεῖν τὸ ἐ. ἀργύριον SIG832.7

(Epist. Hadr.).

ἐπιστολ-ῐμαῖος, ον,

A in or of letters,

συνουσίαι Philostr. VA4.46

; ξυμβουλίαι ib.7.8;

γράμματα Ph.2.533

; δυνάμεις ἐ. forces promised by letter and decreed, but never sent, paper-armies, D.4.19.

ἐρῶ, [dialect] Att. [tense] fut. of εἴρω (B), Th.6.9, A.Eu.45, Ar.Ra.61, etc., [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [full] ἐρέω (later as [tense] pres., Nic. Th. 484, Ath.9.400a, Gal.15.878, al.) ; opt.

A

ἐροίην X.Cyr.3.1.14

, Lib.Or.1.87 : [tense] impf. ἤρεον (v.l. εἴρεον) Hp.Epid.2.2.9 : [tense] pf. [voice] Act.

εἴρηκα A.Pr. 821

, Ar.Ra. 558, etc.: [tense] plpf.

εἰρήκειν Plu.2.184d

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf.

εἴρημαι Il.4.363

, Ar.Lys.13, etc. ; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

εἰρέαται Hdt.7.81

, [var] contr.

εἰρῆται Schwyzer811.17

(Oropus, iv B. C.) ; part. εἰρημένος, Cret.

ϝερημένος Supp.Epigr.2.509

, Arg.

ϝεϝρημένος Schwyzr 98

([place name] Mycenae): [tense] plpf.

εἴρητο Il.10.540

, Hdt.8.27, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Pass.

ἐρρήθην Pl.Lg. 664d

, later

ἐρρέθην Arist.Cat. 11b12

, al. ; lon.

εἰρέθην Hdt.4.77

, 156 : [tense] fut.

ῥηθήσομαι Th.1.73

, Pl. R. 473e, Isoc.8.73, D.27.53 : more freq. εἰρήσομαι, mostly in [ per.] 3sg.

- ήσεται Il.23.795

, Pi.I.6(5).59, S.Ph. 1276, etc. ; part.

- όμενος Hp. Art.53

. —Hom. uses only [tense] fut. ἐρέω, [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. [voice] Pass., with part. εἰρημένος, [tense] aor. part. ῥήθείς in the phrase ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ (v. infr.), and [tense] fut. [voice] Pass. —The place of the [tense] pres. εἴρω (q. v.) is supplied by φημί, λέγω or ἀγορεύω ; εἶπον serves as [tense] aor. ( ϝερε- : ϝρη-, cf. ῥήτρα, ῥητός, Lat. verbum, Engl. word.)

I I will say or speak, c. acc. rei et dat. pers., Il.1.297 : abs., οὐδὲ πάλιν ἐρέει he will say nothing against it, 9.56 ; ἐν δ' ὑμῖν ἐρέω among you, ib. 528, cf. Od. 16.378 : freq. in [dialect] Att.,

ἐρεῖν τι πρός τινα Pl.R. 520a

([voice] Act.), 595b, Tht. 179a (both [voice] Pass.) ;

τι περί τινος Id.Phlb. 29d

, etc.: c. acc. pers., speak of,

κακῶς ἐρεῖν τινα Thgn.796

, E.Alc. 705 : and c. dupl. acc., ἐρεῖ δέ μ'..τάδε ib. 954, cf. Pl.Cri. 48a:—[voice] Pass.,

μῦθος..εἰρημένος ἔστω Il.8.524

;

εἰρημένα μυθολογεύειν Od.12.453

; λίαν εἰρημένος too true, A.Pr. 1031 ; ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ after justice has been pronounced, Od.18.414 ; ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον εἰρήσθω περί τινος let this suffice, Arist.EN 1117b21.

II I will tell, proclaim,

ἔπος Il.1.419

, etc. ; Ἠὼς..Ζηνὶ φόως ἐρέουσα announce it, 2.49 ;

ἐρέω τιν' ὑμῖν αἶνον Archil.89.1

.

2 tell, order, c. dat. pers. et inf., X.HG3.2.6, etc.: c. acc. et inf., Id.Cyr.8.3.6:—[voice] Pass.,

εἴρητο συλλέγεσθαι τὸν στρατόν

orders had been given..,

Hdt.7.26

, etc.

III [voice] Pass., to be mentioned,

οὗτοι μὲν οἱ παραθαλάσσιοι.. εἰρέαται Id.4.181

, cf.Arist.Mu. 393b27.

2 to be specified, agreed, promised,

εἰρημένος μισθός Hes.Op. 370

, Hdt.6.23 ; εἰρημένον, abs., when it had been agreed, Th.1.140 ; κὰ (τ) τὰ ϝεϝρημένα Schwyzer l.c.

κληρονομέω fut. κληρονομήσω; 1 aor. ἐκληρονόμησα; pf. κεκληρονόμηκα (s. four next entries; Demosth. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 9:5; TestJob; TestNapht 5:8; Philo, Joseph.; Just.).

① to be an inheritor, inherit

ⓐ abs. inherit, be an heir (Epict. 3, 2, 8; SIG 833, 8; Sb 4638, 12 [II B.C.]) Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10); B 13:1. Jesus as ὁ κληρονομῶν the heir 14:5.

ⓑ used with pers. obj. the verb signifies succeed someone as heir, be someone’s heir (Posidon.: 87 Fgm. 36 p. 243, 32f Jac.; POxy 1067, 8; PRyl 28, 226 δοῦλος αὐτὸν κληρονομήσει; Gen 15:3 of Eliezer as Abraham’s heir; Pr 13:22; Tob 3:15; Jos., Ant. 20, 241; in sardonic vein Sir 19:3) 1 Cl 16:13 (Is 53:12).

② acquire, obtain, come into possession of τὶ someth. (H. Gk. [Phryn. 129 Lob.; Moeris 149]; cp. Polyb. 18, 38, 8 φήμην; 15, 22, 3; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 11, 3; BGU 19 II, 1; 1024 VIII 16; PRyl 117, 13; LXX; TestSol 9:5; TestJob 18:6; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 98 σοφίαν) esp. of participation in Messianic salvation: τὴν γῆν (Ps 24:13; 36:9, 11, 22; En 5:6; 7; cp. Iren. 5, 9, 4 [Harv. II 344]) Mt 5:5; D 3:7. βασιλείαν θεοῦ the kgdm. of God (cp. 1 Macc 2:57) 1 Cor 6:9f (=Pol 5:3); 15:50a; Gal 5:21; IEph 16:1; IPhld 3:3; cp. Mt 25:34. ζωὴν αἰώνιον receive, share in eternal life (cp. SibOr Fgm. 3, 47) 19:29; Mk 10:17; Lk 10:25; 18:18; Hv 3, 8, 4. δόξαν καὶ τιμήν 1 Cl 45:8. τὴν ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ πνευματικὴν καὶ ἄφθαρτον τῆς δικαιοσύνης δόξαν κ. ending of Mk in the Freer ms. 10ff. σωτηρίαν Hb 1:14. τὰς ἐπαγγελίας (PsSol 12:6) what is promised Hb 6:12; 1 Cl 10:2. τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν 1 Cor 15:50b (cp. Just., D. 139, 5). (τὴν) εὐλογίαν Hb 12:17; 1 Pt 3:9. διαφορώτερον ὄνομα Hb 1:4 (=1 Cl 36:2.—κλ. ὄνομα as Dionys. Byz. §7; Themist., Paraphrases Aristot. II p. 172, 13 Spengel [1866]). ταῦτα all this Rv 21:7 (s. New Docs 5, 35).—DELG s.v. κλῆρος and νέμω. M-M. TW.

κομίζω 1 aor. ἐκόμισα. Mid.: fut. κομίσομαι and κομιοῦμαι Col 3:25 v.l.; 1 aor. ἐκομισάμην; pf. κεκόμισμαι. Pass.: aor. 3 sg. ἐκομίσθη 1 Esdr 2:14 (κομέω ‘take care of’; Hom.+).

① to convey someth. to a specific destination, bring act. (SIG 409, 29; 434, 42; 559, 28; PPetr III, 53k, 5; PTebt 55, 4;1 Esdr 4:5; 3 Macc 1:8) τὶ someth. (Jos., Vi. 50 ἐπιστολάς; TestJos 6:2) a jar of ointment Lk 7:37.

② to get back someth. that is one’s own or owed to one, get back, recover mid. (Eur., Thu. et al.; Isaeus 8, 8; Polyb. 1, 83, 8; 3, 40, 10; 10, 34, 3; Sir 29:6; Philo, De Jos. 210; 231; Jos., Ant. 13, 80) τὸ ἐμὸν σὺν τόκῳ what is mine with interest (for commercial usage cp. Lys. 32, 14; Andoc. 1, 38) Mt 25:27. Of Abraham: receive (his son) back (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 236; Isaeus 8:8 of a daughter) Hb 11:19 (Himerius, Or. 6 [2], Demeter τὴν ζητουμένην κομίζεται=receives the woman whom she sought [her daughter]).

③ to come into possession of someth. or experience someth., carry off, get (for oneself), receive freq. as recompense, mid. (Diod S 17, 69, 1; 20, 28, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 60, §252 γράμματα) τὰ ὀψώνια pay, wages IPol 6:2. μισθόν (Polystrat. p. 22; Lucian, Phal. 2, 5; SIG 193, 9; 11; 1077, 4; 2 Macc 8:33; Ath., R. 18 p. 70, 30 κομίσασθαι τὰ ἐπίχειρα) 2 Cl 11:5; cp. B 4:12, where μισθόν is to be supplied (as En 100:7). μισθὸν ἀδικίας reward for wrongdoing 2 Pt 2:13 v.l. (ἀδικέω 2 end). Of special divine favor in recognition of piety (Diod S 3, 2, 4) τῆς δόξης στέφανον 1 Pt 5:4 (cp. Eur., Hipp. 432 codd. κ. δόξαν; 1 Macc 13:37). κ. τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν receive a recompense for what (each one) has done during life in the body 2 Cor 5:10 (cp. the judgment scenes Pla., Phd. 113 and 114; s. also Diod S 8, 15); cp. Col 3:25. τοῦτο κομίσεται παρὰ κυρίου Eph 6:8 (PSI 438, 11 [III B.C.] κεκόμισμαι παρὰ Φανίου ἐπιστολήν). τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν the promise (i.e. what is promised) Hb 10:36; 11:13 v.l., 39. τὸ τέλος τῆς πίστεως σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν obtain as an outcome of faith the salvation of souls 1 Pt 1:9 (contrast 4:17).—DELG s.v. κομέω. M-M.

λύτρον, ου, τό (s. λύω and next entry; Pind., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, Philo, Joseph.; Mel., P. 91, 684; 103, 792) price of release, ransom (esp. also the ransom money for the manumission of slaves, mostly in pl.: Diod S 19, 85, 3; Polyaenus 4, 10, 1; POxy 48, 6 [86 A.D.]; 49, 8; 722, 30; 40; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 362, 19; Jos., Ant. 12, 46, but also in sing.: Diod S 20, 84, 6 δοῦναι λύτρον; ins in KBuresch, Aus Lydien 1898 p. 197 [on this ins. and Dssm’s ref. to it, s. New Docs 2, 90]; Jos., Ant. 14, 371.—LMitteis, Reichsrecht und Volksrecht 1891, 388; FSteinleitner, Die Beicht 1913, 36ff; 59; 111) give up one’s life λ. ἀντὶ πολλῶν as a ransom for many (s. πολύς 1aβא) Mt 20:28; Mk 10:45 (BBlake, ET 45, ’34, 142; WHoward, ET 50, ’38, 107–10; JJeremias, Judaica 3, ’48, 249–64; ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht, ’55, 116–22; CBarrett, NT Essays: TManson mem. vol. ’59, 1–18 [refers to 2 Macc 7:37].—Cp. Diod S 12, 57, 2; Dio Chrys. 64 [14], 11 λύτρα διδόναι; Jos., Ant. 14, 107 λ. ἀντὶ πάντων; Philo Bybl. [I/II A.D.]: 790 Fgm. 3b p. 814, 9 Jac. [in Eus., PE 1, 16, 44] ἀντὶ τῆς πάντων φθορᾶς … λ.). God gave his Son λ. ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν as a ransom for us Dg 9:2 (Mel., P. 103, 792 ἐγὼ τὸ λύτρον ὑμῶν [λουτρόν Bodmer]; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 2 κριὸν λύτρον ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 560 λύτρα ὑπὲρ τῶν βοῶν; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 122; Jos., Ant. 14, 371 λ. ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ). ἐπὶ σοὶ φανερώσει κύριος τὸ λ. τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ because of you the Lord will reveal the (promised) salvation to the people of Israel GJs 7:2. λ. τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν a ransom for sins B 19:10 v.l.—S. lit. on ἀπολύτρωσις, 2 end; also NLevinson, SJT 12, ’59, 277–78; DHill, Gk. Words and Heb. Mngs. ’67, 49–81, with correction of perspective in light of new discoveries New Docs 3, 72–75. S. SEG XXXIX, ’89, 1863 for list of ins.—DELG s.v. λύω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq (in citation of SB III, 6293, 10 ὑπὲρ λυτρῶν is restored). Sv.

πίστις, εως, ἡ (Hes., Hdt.+; ranging in meaning from subjective confidence to objective basis for confidence).

① that which evokes trust and faith

ⓐ the state of being someone in whom confidence can be placed, faithfulness, reliability, fidelity, commitment (X., An. 1, 6, 3; 3, 3, 4; Aristot., Eth. Eud, 7, 2, 1237b, 12; Polyb. 7, 12, 9; 38, 1, 8 al.; Herodian 2, 14, 4 al.; SIG 675, 22; OGI 557, 16; PTebt 27, 6; 51 [II B.C.]; POxy 494, 9; 705, 32; other pap M-M. s.v.; Ps 32:4; Pr 12:22; Jos., Ant. 2, 61; TestAsh 7:7) w. κρίσις and ἔλεος Mt 23:23. (Opp. ἀπιστία as Hes., Op. 370) τὴν πίστιν τοῦ θεοῦ καταργεῖν nullify the faithfulness/commitment of God (cp. Ps 32:4; Hos 2:22) Ro 3:3. πᾶσαν π. ἐνδείκνυσθαι ἀγαθήν show all good faith(fulness) Tit 2:10 (cp. BGU 314, 19 μετὰ πίστεως ἀγαθῆς). W. other virtues Gal 5:22 (on πίστις, πραΰτης cp. Sir 45:4; 1:27). W. ὑπομονή 2 Th 1:4. τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα I have remained faithful or loyal (πίστιν τηρεῖν as Polyb. 6, 56, 13; 10, 37, 5; Jos., Bell. 2, 121; 6, 345; OGI 339, 46f; IBM III, 587b, 5f [Dssm., LO 262=LAE 309, esp. note 3]) 2 Ti 4:7, though this would be classified by some under 3 below. S. also 1c below.

ⓑ a solemn promise to be faithful and loyal, assurance, oath, troth (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 44; 8, 8, 3, Hell. 1, 3, 12; Diod S 14, 9, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 86 §362 μεγάλας πίστεις ἔδωκεν=solemn assurances; 3 Macc 3:10; Jos., Ant. 12, 382) τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν 1 Ti 5:12 (s. also ἀθετέω 1 and cp. CIA app. [Wünsch, Praef. p. xv] of a woman who πρώτη ἠθέτησεν τὴν πίστιν to her husband). Cp. Rv 2:3.

ⓒ a token offered as a guarantee of someth. promised, proof, pledge (Pla., Phd. 70b; Isocr. 3, 8; Aristot., Rhet. 1, 1; 3, 13; Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 63; 85: πίστις βεβαία=dependable proof; Polyb. 3, 100, 3; Περὶ ὕψους 39, 3=p. 74, 20 V.; Epict. 1, 28, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 119 §500; Jos., Ant. 15, 69) πίστιν παρασχὼν πᾶσιν ἀναστήσας αὐτόν (God has appointed a man [Jesus] to be judge of the world, and) he has furnished proof (of his fitness for this office) to all people by raising him (on πίστιν παρέχειν cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 218 πίστιν παρεῖχε; 15, 260; Polyb. 2, 52, 4 πίστιν παρέσχετο=gave a pledge, security; Vett. Val. 277, 29f) Ac 17:31. JBarton, Biblica 40, ’59, 878–84: π. in 2 Ti 4:7= bond deposited by an athlete. But see 3 below.—WSchmitz, ῾Η Πίστις in den Papyri, diss. Cologne, ’64.

② state of believing on the basis of the reliability of the one trusted, trust, confidence, faith in the active sense=‘believing’, in ref. to deity (Soph. Oed. R. 1445 νῦν γʼ ἂν τῷ θεῷ πίστιν φέροις; Pla., Leg. 12, 966de; Plut. Mor. 402e; 756b; Dio Chrys. 3, 51 παρὰ θεῶν τιμὴ κ. πίστις; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 226 D.: πίστιν ἐν τ. θεοῖς ἔχειν; Appian, Liby. 57 §248 ἐς θεοὺς πίστις; Ep. 33 of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 352, 14]; Herm. Wr. 9, 10 ἐπίστευσε καὶ ἐν τῇ καλῇ πίστει ἐπανεπαύσατο; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 21 τῆς βεβαίας πίστεως, τὸ μεμαθηκέναι, ὅτι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ προνοεῖται πάντα. The divinity Πίστις in Plut., Num. 70 [16, 1] and in magic [exx. in Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 234f, among them Aberciusins. 12; PGM 4, 1014 ἀλήθεια καὶ πίστις; 12, 228]; Wsd 3:14; 4 Macc 15:24; 16:22; 17:2; Philo, Abr. 270; 271; 273, Mut. Nom. 182, Migr. Abr. 43f, Conf. Lingu. 31, Poster. Cai. 13 [on faith in Philo s. the lit. given under πιστεύω 2aα]; Jos, C. Ap. 2, 163; 169; Just., A I, 52, 1 πίστιν ἔχειν; 53, 11 πειθὼ καὶ πίστιν … ἐμφορῆσαι), in our lit. directed toward God and Christ, their revelations, teachings, promises, their power and readiness to aid.

ⓐ God: πίστις θεοῦ (cp. Jos., Ant. 17, 179.—Cp. π. καὶ φόβος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [p. 72, 26]) faith, trust, confidence in God Mk 11:22; cp. Ac 19:20 D; 1 Cl 3:4; 27:3. π. θείου πνεύμαπος faith in the divine spirit Hm 11:9. ἡ π. τοῦ κυρίου Hs 6, 3, 6. π. (καὶ ἐλπὶς) εἰς θεόν 1 Pt 1:21. π. ἐπὶ θεόν Hb 6:1. ἡ πίστις ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8 (on the constr. w. πρὸς τ. θ. cp. Philo, Abr. 268; 271; 273; Just., D. 121, 2 διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον π.).—πίστις can also be characterized as faith in God by the context, without the addition of specific words; so in connection w. OT personalities: Abraham Ro 4:5, 9, 11–13, 16, 19f (s. also 2dα below); 1 Cl 10:7; 31:2; of Rahab 12:1, 8; of Esther 55:6 (ἡ τελεία κατὰ πίστιν). The OT heroes of faith Hb 11:4–33, 39 (w. this catalogue of heroes cp. Il. 4, 457–538; 2 Km 23:8–39; 1 Ch 11:10–12:18; CGordon, Homer, and the Bible: HUCA 26, ’55, 83).—But in Hb it is also true that God is specifically the object of the Christian’s faith, and Christ 12:2 is ὁ τῆς πίστεως ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειώτης. Cp. 10:38; 11:3; 13:7. (On faith in Hb s. Schlatter, Der Glaube im NT⁴ 1927, 520ff; BHeigl, Verfasser u. Adresse des Hb 1905, 109–18; GHoennicke, Die sittl. Anschauungen des Hb: ZWT 45, 1902, 26ff; Windisch, Hdb. exc. on Hb 11; Riggenbach and Michel on Hb 11; Strathmann on 10:38. S. ὑπόστασις end.)—ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν Mt 17:20. Opp. doubt 21:21. αἰτεῖν ἐν πίστει μηδὲν διακρινόμενος Js 1:6. ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως 5:15 (εὐχή 1). ἡ πίστις τῆς ἐνεργείας τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν faith in the working of God, who raised him from the dead Col 2:12.

ⓑ Christ

α. of belief and trust in the Lord’s help in physical and spiritual distress; oft. in the synopt. gospels: Mt 8:10; 9:2, 22, 29 (κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν); 15:28; Mk 2:5; 4:40; 5:34; 10:52; Lk 5:20; 7:9, 50; 8:25, 48; 17:19; 18:42.—Cp. ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι (the lame man) had faith that he would be cured Ac 14:9.

β. of faith in Christ, designated by the addition of certain words. By the obj. gen. (s. Just., D. 52, 4 διὰ τῆς πίστεως τῆς τοῦ χριστοῦ) πίστις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ faith in Jesus Christ (and sim. exprs. On interp. as obj. gen. s. AHultgren, NovT 22, ’80, 248–63 [lit.]; response SWilliams, CBQ 49, ’87, 431–47.) Ro 3:22, 26; Gal 2:16ab, 20; 3:22; Eph 3:12; Phil 3:9a; Js 2:1; Rv 14:12; cp. 2:13 (ἡ πίστις μου=faith in me, the Human One [Son of Man]); IMg 1:1. (The πίστις Χριστοῦ in Paul is taken as a subj. gen. by JHaussleiter, Der Glaube Jesu Christi 1891, Was versteht Paulus unter christlichem Glauben?: Greifswalder Studien für HCremer 1895, 161–82 and GKittel, StKr 79, 1906, 419ff. See also Schläger, ZNW 7, 1906, 356–58; BLongenecker, NTS 39, ’93, 478–80 [lit. since ’81]; DCampbell, JBL 113, ’94, 265–85; response BDodd, 114, ’95, 470–73.—ADeissmann, Paulus² 1925, 125f [Paul, tr. WWilson, 1926, 162ff], speaks of the mystical gen., ‘faith in Christ’. Likew. HWeber, Die Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff, esp. 231, 3; WWeber, Christusmystik 1924, 82. S. also LAlbrecht, Der Glaube Jesu Christi 1921; OSchmitz, Die Christusgemeinschaft des Pls im Lichte seines Genetivgebr. 1924, 91–134; OHoltzmann, D. Glaube an Jes.: Stromata 1930, 11–25; GTaylor, JBL 85, ’66, 58–76: the passages in Gal=Christ’s reliability as a trustee. Cp. GHoward, HTR 60, ’67, 459–65; MHooker, NTS 35, ’89, 321–42.)—By prepositional phrases: πίστις εἰς Χριστόν (and sim. exprs.) faith in Christ Ac 20:21; 24:24; 26:18; Col 2:5 (Just., D. 40, 1).—Also πίστις ἐν Χριστῷ (and sim.) Gal 3:26; Eph 1:15; Col 1:4; 1 Ti 3:13; 2 Ti 3:15; 1 Cl 22:1. In ἱλαστήριον διὰ πίστεως ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι Ro 3:25, ἐν κτλ. prob. goes not w. πίστις, but w. ἱλαστήριον (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; W-S. §20, 5d).—πίστις, ἣν ἔχεις πρὸς τ. κύριον Ἰησοῦν Phlm 5.—πίστις διὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χριστοῦ Ac 20:21 D; sim. ἡ πίστις ἡ διʼ αὐτοῦ 3:16b (cp. 1 Pt 1:21).—Jesus Christ is called ἡ τελεία πίστις ISm 10:2.

ⓒ πίστις can also be characterized by an objective gen. of the thing: ἡ πίστις τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ faith in his (Jesus’) name Ac 3:16a. ἡ πίστις τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Phil 1:27. εὐαγγελίων πίστις Dg 11:6. πίστις ἀληθείας 2 Th 2:13.

ⓓ πίστις is found mostly without an obj., faith, firm commitment

α. as true piety, genuine devotion (Sextus 7a and 7; ParJer 6:7), which for our lit. means being a Christian (τὸ ἀληθινὸν πάσχα … πίστει νονούμενον Hippol., Ref. 8, 18, 1; Did., Gen. 54, 11) Lk 18:8 (s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 288); 22:32; Ac 6:5=vs. 8 v.l.; cp. 11:24.—6:7; 13:8; 14:22; 15:9; 16:5; Ro 1:5, 8, 12, 17ab (ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν does not mean a gradation [as, in a way, Appian, Mithrid. 40 §154: Sulla came upon ἕτερον ὅμοιον ἐξ ἑτέρου=one wall, i.e. fortification, after another similar one] or a transition from one kind to another [Himerius, Or.=Ecl. 10, 6 ἐκ ᾠδῆς εἰς ᾠδὴν ἄλλην μετέβαλον=they changed from one kind of song to another], but merely expresses in a rhetorical way that πίστις is the beginning and the end; s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc., and a grave-ins [ANock, Sallust. p. xxxiii, 94] ἐκ γῆς εἰς γῆν ὁ βίος οὗτοσ=‘dust is the beginning and the end of human life’.—AFridrichsen, ConNeot 12, ’48, 54); 17c (here and in Gal 3:11 the LXX of Hab 2:4 [DCampbell, JBL 116, ’97, 713–19] is not followed literally, since it has ἐκ πίστεώς μου=‘as a result of my faithfulness’; even in Hb 10:38, where μου does occur, it goes w. δίκαιος, not w. πίστεως); Ro 3:27f (Luther’s addition of the word ‘alone’ in vs. 28 is hard to contest linguistically. Cp., e.g., Diog. L. 9, 6: Heraclitus wrote his work in very obscure language ὅπως οἱ δυνάμενοι προσίοιεν αὐτῷ=in order that only the capable might approach it. S. also Fitzmyer, ABComm. 360–64), 30f; 4:5–20 (s. also 2a above); 5:1f; 9:30, 32; 10:6, 17; 11:20 (opp. ἀπιστία); 12:3, 6 (s. ἀναλογία; for a difft. view 3 below); 14:1, 22 (s. ἐνώπιον 2b; others would place in 2dε), 23ab (but s. ε below); 16:26; 1 Cor 2:5; 15:14, 17; 16:13; 2 Cor 1:24ab; 4:13; 10:15; 13:5; Gal 3:7–26; 5:5, 6 (s. ἐνεργέω 1b); 6:10 (οἱ οἰκεῖοι τῆς πίστεως, s. οἰκεῖος b); Eph 2:8; 3:17; 4:5, 13; 6:16; Phil 1:25 (χαρὰ τῆς πίστεως); 2:17; 3:9b; Col 1:23; 2:7; 1 Th 3:2, 5, 7, 10; 2 Th 1:3, 11; 3:2; 1 Ti 1:2, 4, 5 (π. ἀνυπόκριτος), 19ab; 4:1; 5:8; 6:10, 12, 21 (but s. 3 below); 2 Ti 1:5 (ἀνυπόκριτος π.); 2:18; 3:8; Tit 1:1, 4, 13; 3:15; Phlm 6 (s. κοινωνία 4); Hb 6:12; 10:22, 39 (opp. ὑποστολή); Js 1:3; 2:5; 1 Pt 1:5, 7, 9; 5:9; 2 Pt 1:1; 1J 5:4; 1 Cl 1:2 (ἡ πανάρετος κ. βεβαία π.); ISm 1:1 (ἀκίνητος π.); Hm 5, 2, 1; 12, 5, 4 (both πλήρης ἐν τῇ πίστει full of faith); 5, 2, 3 (π. ὁλόκληρος); 9:6 (ὁλοτελὴς ἐν τ. π.), 7 (opp. διψυχία), 12 (π. ἡ ἔχουσα δύναμιν); 12, 6, 1; Hs 9, 19, 2 (ἀπὸ τῆς π. κενοί); 9, 26, 8 (κολοβοὶ ἀπὸ τῆς π. αὐτῶν).—τὸ ῥῆμα τ. πίστεως Ro 10:8. οἱ λόγοι τῆς π. 1 Ti 4:6. τὸ μυστήριον τῆς π. 3:9. ὁ θεὸς ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως God has opened the door of faith to the Gentiles, i.e. opened the way for them to participate in a new relationship w. God Ac 14:27 (s. also θύρα 1bγ). ἀκοὴ πίστεως Gal 3:2, 5 (s. ἀκοή 2 and 4b). (τὸ) ἔργον (τῆς) π. 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:11 (s. ἔργον 1b). οἱ ἐκ πίστεως the people of faith (s. ἐκ 3b) Gal 3:7, 9. πῶς οὐν [πίστιν εὑρ]ίσκομεν; Ox 1081, 25f (but here [ταῦτα γιγν]ώ̣σκομεν is the preferable restoration w. Till after the Coptic SJCh 90, 2); 32. Of gnostics τοῦ ὄφεως πίστιν ἔχουσιν AcPlCor 2:20.—If the principal component of Christianity is faith, then π. can be understood as the Gospel in terms of the commitment it evokes (cp. SIG 932, 7 [II/I B.C.]) νῦν εὐαγγελίζεται τὴν πίστιν ἥν ποτε ἐπόρθει Gal 1:23 (s. 3 below). Perh. also Ro 1:5.

β. Hb 11:1 defines πίστις as ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις, πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων. There is here no qu. about the mng. of π. as confidence or assurance (s. 2a above), but on its relation to ὑπόστασις as its predication s. under that word.—(Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 18 interprets πιστεύειν in someth. as incapability to see someth. that is apparent only to God.) Paul contrasts walking διὰ εἴδους (εἶδος 3) as the lower degree, with διὰ πίστεως περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 5:7 (s. KDeissner, Pls. u. die Mystik seiner Zeit² 1921, 101ff). On the other hand πίστις is on a higher level than merely listening to Christian preaching Hb 4:2.

γ. πίστις abs., as a Christian virtue, is often coupled w. others of the same kind, esp. oft. w. ἀγάπη: 1 Th 3:6; 5:8; 1 Ti 1:14; 2 Ti 1:13; Phlm 5; B 11:8; IEph 1:1; 9:1; 14:1; 20:1; IMg 1:2; 13:1; IRo ins; ISm ins; 6:1; 13:2; AcPl Ha 8, 35. W. ἀγάπη and other abstracts 2 Cor 8:7; Gal 5:22; Eph 6:23; 1 Ti 2:15; 4:12; 6:11: 2 Ti 2:22; 3:10; Tit 2:2; Rv 2:19; IPhld 11:2; Pol 4:2; Hm 8:9; cp. v 3, 8, 2–5. The triad πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη 1 Cor 13:13; cp. also Col 1:4f; 1 Th 1:3; 5:8; B 1:4 (on this triad see s.v. ἀγάπη 1aα). W. ἐλπίς only (cp. 1 Pt 1:21) 1 Cl 58:2. The ζωῆς ἐλπίς is called ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος πίστεως ἡμῶν B 1:6.—W. ἀλήθεια (TestLevi 8:2) 1 Ti 2:7 (cp. the combination POxy 70, 4f [III A.D.]); 1 Cl 60:4. W. δικαιοσύνη Pol 9:2. W. ὑπομονή Rv 13:10; w. ὑπομ. and other abstracts 2 Pt 1:5f; Pol 13:2 (cp. also the following passages already referred to in this section: 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 3:10; Tit 2:2 and Js 1:3 [α above]). W. γνῶσις (Just., D. 69, 1) et al. 2 Pt 1:5f [s. above]; D 10:2. ἵνα μετὰ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν τελείαν ἔχητε τὴν γνῶσιν B 1:5. W. φόβος and ἐγκράτεια Hm 6, 1, 1.—(Distinguished from θεία σοφία: Orig., C. Cels. 6, 13, 23.)

δ. faith as fidelity to Christian teaching. This point of view calls for ἔργα as well as the kind of πίστις that represents only one side of true piety: Js 2:14ab, 17, 18abc, 20, 22ab, 24, 26 (ἔργον 1a); Hv 3, 6, 5; Hs 8, 9, 1ab.

ε. Ro 14:22 and 23 π. as freedom or strength in faith, conviction (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; but s. α above).

ζ. In addition to the πίστις that every Christian possesses (s. 2dα above) Paul speaks of a special gift of faith that belongs to a select few 1 Cor 12:9. Here he understands π. as an unquestioning belief in God’s power to aid people with miracles, the faith that ‘moves mountains’ 13:2 (cp. Mt 17:20.—21:21; s. 2a above). This special kind of faith may be what the disciples had in mind when they asked πρόσθες ἡμῖν πίστιν Lk 17:5; cp. vs. 6. τῇ πίστει φερόμενος ὁ Παυλος AcPl Ha 5, 1.

③ that which is believed, body of faith/belief/teaching (Diod S 1, 23, 8 ἰσχυρὰν πίστιν καὶ ἀμετάθετον=an article of faith that was firm and unshakable [concerning Orpheus and Dionysus]; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; Ath. 8, 1; Iren., 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I, 92, 1]; Orig., C. Cels., 1, 42, 26; Did., Gen. 156, 23). So clearly Jd 3 (τῇ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστει), 20 (τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ ὑμῶν πίστει.—ἅγιος 1aα). πίστις θεοῦ=that which, acc. to God’s will, is to be believed IEph 16:2.—This objectivizing of the term πίστις is found as early as Paul: Ro 1:5; Gal 1:23 (s. 2dα end) and perh. Gal 3:23–25 (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.). ASeeberg, D. Katechismus der Urchristenheit 1903, 110f, understands 1 Ti 1:19; 4:1, 6; 6:10, cp. 21; 2 Ti 2:18 in this manner. Ro 12:6 (but s. ἀναλογία) and 2 Ti 4:7 are also interpreted in this way by many.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 475–86; ASchlatter, D. Glaube im NT⁴ 1927; APott, Das Hoffen im NT in seiner Beziehung zum Glauben1915; ANairne, The Faith of the NT 1920; RGyllenberg, Pistis 1922; WKümmel, D. Glaube im NT: ThBl 16, ’38, 209–21; Dodd 65–68; TTorrance, ET 68, ’57, 111–14; CMoule, ibid. 157.—Synoptics: TShearer, ET 69, ’57, 3–6.—Esp. for Paul: BBartmann, Pls, die Grundzüge seiner Lehre u. die moderne Religionsgeschichte 1914; WMorgan, The Religion and Theology of Paul 1917; WHatch, The Pauline Idea of Faith in Its Relation to Jewish and Hellenistic Religion 1917; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 4:25; FKnoke, Der christl. Glaube nach Pls 1922; ERohde, Gottesglaube u. Kyriosglaube bei Pls: ZNW 22, 1923, 43–57; EWissmann, Das Verh. v. πίστις und Christusfrömmigkeit bei Pls 1926; MDibelius, Glaube u. Mystik b. Pls: Neue Jahrb. f. Wissensch. u. Jugendbildg. 7, ’31, 683–99; WMundle, D. Glaubensbegriff des Pls ’32 (p. xi–xvi extensive bibliog.); RGyllenberg, Glaube b. Pls: ZWT 13, ’37, 612–30; MHansen, Om Trosbegrebet hos Pls ’37; LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics, ’47, 270–77; 298–300; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 310–26 (Engl. tr. KGrobel I ’51, 314–30; for the Johannines II, 70–92, ’55); MMassinger, BiblSacra 107, ’50, 181–94 et al. S. also δικαιοσύνη 3a.—For the Fourth Gosp.: JBuswell, The Ethics of ‘Believe’ in the Fourth Gospel: BiblSacra 80, 1923, 28–37; JHuby, De la connaissance de foi chez S. Jean: RSR 21, ’31, 385–421; RSchnackenburg, D. Glaube im 4. Ev., diss. Breslau ’37; WHatch, The Idea of Faith in Christ. Lit. fr. the Death of St. Paul to the Close of the Second Century 1926.—EGraesser, D. Glaube im Hebräerbrief, ’65.—ABaumeister, D. Ethik des Pastor Hermae, 1912, 61–140.—ESeidl, π. in d. griech. Lit. (to Peripatetics), diss. Innsbruck, ’53; HLjungman, Pistis, ’64; DLührmann, Pistis im Judent., ZNW 64, ’73, 19–38. On faith in late Judaism s. Bousset, Rel.³ 534a (index); also DHay, JBL 108, ’89, 4611–76; DLindsay, Josephus and Faith ’93. On the Hellenistic concept πίστις Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 234–36.—DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

πιστός, ή, όν (πείθω; Hom.+).

① pertaining to being worthy of belief or trust, trustworthy, faithful, dependable, inspiring trust/faith, pass. aspect of πιστεύω (Hom.+).

ⓐ of pers.

α. of human beings (and Christ) δοῦλος (1 Km 22:14; 2 Macc 1:2; OdeSol 11:22; Jos., Ant. 6, 256; SIG 910 A, 5 [Christian]; PLond II, 251, 14 p. 317 [IV A.D.] δούλους πιστοὺς καὶ ἀδράστους): δοῦλε ἀγαθὲ καὶ πιστέ Mt 25:21a, 23a; cp. 24:45; Hs 5, 2, 2 πιστότατος (v.l. πιστός). οἰκονόμος Lk 12:42; 1 Cor 4:2. μάρτυς (Pind., P. 1, 88; 12, 27; Pr 14:5, 25; Ps 88:38; Jer 49:5; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 17) ὁ μάρτυς μου ὁ πιστός μου Rv 2:13 (μάρτυς 3); in this ‘book of martyrs’ Christ is ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστὸς (καὶ ὁ ἀληθινός) 1:5; 3:14; cp. 19:11 (the combination of ἀληθινός and πιστός in the last two passages is like 3 Macc 2:11). Cp. Rv 17:14. πιστὸς ἀρχιερεύς a faithful or reliable high priest Hb 2:17 (of Christ); cp. 3:2 (ἀρχιερέα … πιστὸν ὄντα τῷ ποιήσαντι αὐτόν). σύμβουλοι πιστοί B 21:4. πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι reliable persons 2 Ti 2:2 (cp. Is 8:2; sing. Tob 5:3 S; 10:6 S; ApcEsdr 2:2). Paul honors his co-workers w. π. as a designation: Timothy 1 Cor 4:17. Tychicus Eph 6:21; Col 4:7 (both πιστὸς διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ). Onesimus Col 4:9. Epaphras 1:7 (πιστὸς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διάκονος τοῦ Χριστοῦ). Cp. 1 Pt 5:12 (διὰ Σιλουανοῦ τ. πιστοῦ ἀδελφοῦ).—Moses was πιστὸς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ Hb 3:5 (Num 12:7). πιστόν τινα ἡγεῖσθαι consider someone trustworthy (Aristoph., Plut. 27) 1 Ti 1:12 (cp. Hb 11:11; s. β below); s. PtK 3 p. 15, 18. γίνου πιστός (γίνομαι 7 and cp. Jos., Vi. 110, Ant. 19, 317) Rv 2:10.—πιστὸς ἔν τινι faithful, reliable, trustworthy in someth. (TestJos 9:2 π. ἐν σωφροσύνῃ) ἐν τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ in matters relating to unrighteous wealth Lk 16:11. ἐν τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ in connection with what belongs to someone else vs. 12. ὁ π. ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ καὶ ἐν πολλῷ π. ἐστιν one who is trustworthy in a very small matter is also trustworthy in a large one vs. 10; 2 Cl 8:5; cp. Lk 19:17. π. ἐν πᾶσιν trustworthy in every respect 1 Ti 3:11. Also ἐπί τι in (connection w.) someth. Mt 25:21b, 23b.—When Paul explains in 1 Cor 7:25 that the Lord graciously granted him the privilege of being πιστός, and uses this as a basis for his claim to be heard w. respect, πιστός can hardly mean ‘believing’ (s. 2 below); the apostle rather feels that in a special sense he has been called and commissioned because of the confidence God has in him (πιστός is almost like a title=‘trusted man, commissioner’, oft. in ins of distinguished pers.: ISyriaW 2022a; 2029; 2034; 2045f; 2127f; 2130; 2219; 2238–40; 2243; 2394; cp. SEG XLII, 1484, 1599.—Corresp. πίστις=‘position of trust’: Achilles Tat. 8, 15, 1 οἱ ἄρχοντες οἱ ταύτην ἔχοντες τὴν πίστιν).

β. of God as the One in whom we can have full confidence (Pind., N. 10, 54; Dt 7:9; 32:4; Is 49:7; PsSol 14:1; 7:10; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 93, Sacr. Abel. 93, Leg. All. 3, 204) 1 Cor 1:9; 10:13; 2 Cor 1:18; 1 Th 5:24; Hb 10:23; 11:11; 1 Pt 4:19; 1J 1:9; 1 Cl 60:1; ITr 13:3. π. ἐν ταῖς ἐπαγγελίαις 1 Cl 27:1 (cp. Ps 144:13a πιστὸς κύριος ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ). πιστός ἐστιν ὁ ἐπαγγειλάμενος (God) is trustworthy, who has promised 2 Cl 11:6.—Also of the ‘Lord’ (Christ), who is spoken of in the same way as God 2 Th 3:3; 2 Ti 2:13.

ⓑ of things, esp. of words (Hdt. 8, 83; Pla., Tim. 49b; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 1, 1377b, 23; Polyb. 3, 9, 4; 15, 7, 1; Plut., Mor. 160e; Cass. Dio 37, 35; Jos., Ant. 19, 132; Just., D. 11, 2 διαθήκη; Ath., R. 17 p. 69, 16 τὸ πιστόν; Aberciusins. 6 γράμματα πιστά [of a divine teacher]) πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (Dionys. Hal. 3, 23, 17; Dio Chrys. 28 [45], 3) it is a trustworthy saying 1 Ti 1:15; 3:1; 4:9; 2 Ti 2:11; Tit 3:8; cp. 1:9 (JBover, Biblica 19, ’38, 74–79). οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί Rv 21:5; 22:6. Opp. ψευδής Hm 3:5ab. On τὰ ὅσια, Δαυὶδ τὰ πιστά Ac 13:34 s. ὅσιος 3.—Of water dependable (i.e. not likely to dry up suddenly; cp. Dt 28:59 νόσοι πισταί), unfailing, plentiful B 11:5 (Is 33:16). πιστὸν ποιεῖν τι act loyally 3J 5.

② pert. to being trusting, trusting, cherishing faith/trust act. aspect of πιστεύω (Aeschyl., Pers. 55, Prom. 916; Soph., Oed. Col. 1031; Pla., Leg. 7, 824; Cass. Dio 37, 12, 1; Just., A I, 53, 10 al.), also believing, full of faith, faithful (cp. POxy 1380, 152 ὁρῶσί σε [=Isis] οἱ κατὰ τὸ πιστὸν ἐπικαλούμενοι [on this s. AFestugière, RB 41, ’32, 257–61]; Sextus 1; 8; Wsd 3:9; Sir 1:14, 24 v.l.; Ps 100:6; SibOr 3, 69; 724) of OT worthies: Abraham (who is oft. called πιστός; cp. Philo, Post. Cai. 173 Ἀβρ. ὁ πιστὸς ἐπώνυμος; 2 Macc 1:2; 1 Macc 2:52; Sir 44:20) Gal 3:9; 1 Cl 10:1; Νῶε πιστὸς εὑρεθείς 9:4; Moses 17:5; 43:1 (both Num 12:7) and s. 1aα above (Hb 3:5). Of believers in contrast to doubters Hm 11:1ab. Of belief in the resurrection of Jesus μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος ἀλλὰ πιστός J 20:27. Of one who confesses the Christian faith believing or a believer in the Lord, in Christ, in God π. τῷ κυρίῳ Ac 16:15. Also π. ἐν κυρίῳ Hm 4, 1, 4. π. ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Eph 1:1. πιστοὶ ἀδελφοὶ ἐν Χρ. Col 1:2. διʼ αὐτοῦ (=Χριστοῦ) πιστοὶ (πιστεύοντες v.l.) εἰς θεόν 1 Pt 1:21.—The abs. πιστός also means believing (in Christ), a (Christian) believer and is used both as adj. (Just., D. 110, 4) and as subst. Ac 16:1; 2 Cor 6:15; 1 Ti 4:10; 5:16; 6:2ab; Tit 1:6; 1 Cl 48:5; 62:3; 63:3; Hm 9:9; Hs 8, 7, 4; 8, 9, 1; 8, 10, 1; 9, 22, 1. οἱ πιστοί the believers = the Christians Ac 12:3 D; 1 Ti 4:3, 12; IEph 21:2; IMg 5:2 (opp. οἱ ἄπιστοι); MPol 12:3; 13:2; AcPl Ha 7, 7 (cp. Just., D. 47, 2 τοῖς Χριστιανοῖς καὶ πιστοῖς). οἱ ἅγιοι καὶ πιστοὶ αὐτοῦ ISm 1:2. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς πιστοί= the Israelite (s. Ac 10:36) believers/Christians Ac 10:45. Without the art. (Orig., C. Cels., prol. 6, 5) Dg 11:2, 5. νέοι ἐν τῇ πίστει καὶ πιστοί young in the faith, but nevertheless believers Hv 3, 5, 4.—πιστὸς εἶναι be a believer IRo 3:2. ἐὰν ᾖ τις πιστότατος ἀνήρ even though a man is a firm believer Hm 6, 2, 7.—LFoley, CBQ 1 ’39, 163–65.—B. 1167. New Docs 2, 94, w. reff. to Christian ins. DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. ENDT. TW.