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pattern+of+study

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1 pattern of study

Образование: манера учиться, подход к учёбе, стиль учёбы

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > pattern of study
2 low-density lipoproteins modulate endothelial cells to secrete endothelin-1 in a polarized pattern: a study using a culture model system simulating arterial intima

Общая лексика: липопротеины низкой плотности стимулируют поляризованную секрецию эндотелиальными кле

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > low-density lipoproteins modulate endothelial cells to secrete endothelin-1 in a polarized pattern: a study using a culture model system simulating arterial intima
3 pattern

'pætən
noun

1) (a model or guide for making something: a dress-pattern.) (snitt)mønster, modell

2) (a repeated decoration or design on material etc: The dress is nice but I don't like the pattern.) mønster

3) (an example suitable to be copied: the pattern of good behaviour.) forbilde

•

- patterned

bruk
--------
mønster
--------
praksis
--------
prøve
--------
skikk

I
subst. \/ˈpæt(ə)n\/

1) ( dekorering) mønster, figurer

• I love the pattern on the carpet

• that's a cloth with a pretty pattern

2) ( overført) forløp, gang

• we're here to study her behaviour pattern

vi er her for å studere hennes atferdsmønster

• the present pattern of society may be improved

den nåværende samfunnsformen kan forbedres

• that is the general pattern of work on a farm

det er den vanlige arbeidsgangen på en gård

• his latest work conforms to pattern

hans siste verk følger det vanlige mønsteret

3) mønster, forbilde, eksempel

• many people have Elvis as a pattern

mange mennesker har Elvis som forbilde

4) modell, mønster, form

• cut a pattern for a dress

klippe mønster til en kjole

5) sjablon

6) støpemodell

7) vareprøve, prøve (av tøy e.l.), prøvebit

8) type, modell

• do you have a gun of another pattern?

har du en pistol av en annen type?

9) typisk tilfelle, typisk eksempel

10) ( i språkundervisning) mønster, modell

11) (amer.) kupong (stoff tilmålt fra fabrikk)

12) ( om skyting) kulemønster i et mål, diagram som viser kulemønster

all-over pattern heldekkende mønster, gjennomført mønster

a pattern of typisk eksempel på typisk tilfelle av

a pattern of all (the) virtues et fullkomment dydsmønter

pattern drill ( i språkundervisning) forklaring: repetisjon av distinktive konstruksjoner og mønstre i et fremmedspråk for å lære

pattern of thinking tenkesett

tailored to the same pattern ( overført) skåret over samme lest
II
verb \/ˈpæt(ə)n\/

1) kopiere, ta til mønster

2) mønstre, tegne

pattern (up)on\/after something kopiere etter noe

• patterned (up)on a Paris model

sydd etter en parismodell

• he has patterned himself (up)on his brother

han har tatt sin bror til forbilde

English-Norwegian dictionary > pattern
4 pattern wife

примерная образцовая жена

his wife ran out on him — его бросила жена

common law wife — фактическая, гражданская жена

a room for self and wife — комната для меня и жены

to win wife away from husband — отбить жену у мужа

I have a wife to study — я должен считаться с женой

English-Russian base dictionary > pattern wife
5 career pattern study

career pattern study PERS Berufsverlaufsuntersuchung f

Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > career pattern study
6 set

1. I
abs

1) the sun is setting солнце садится /заходит/

2) his power has begun to set его могущество /власть/ слабеет; his star has set его звезда закатилась; his glory has set его слава померкла

3) cement has set цемент схватился /затвердел/; the glue did not set клей не засох; the jelly has set желе застыло; blood (the white of the egg, etc.) set кровь и т.д. свернулась; the milk set молоко свернулось /створожилось/; all his muscles set все его мускулы напряглись; his face set его лицо-окаменело /застыло/

4) young trees set молодые деревца принялись; the blossoms were abundant but they failed to set цветение было бурным, но плоды не завязались
2. II
1) set at some time the sun sets early (late, etc.) солнце заходит рано и т.д.; set in some manner the sun sets slowly солнце медленно садится

2) set somewhere set ashore сойти на берег

3) set at some time the jelly hasn't set yet желе еще не застыло; set in some manner cement (mortar, glue, etc.) sets quickly цемент и т.д. быстро застывает /схватывается/; her hair sets easily ее волосы легко укладывать, у нее послушные волосы; his lips set stubbornly его губы упрямо сжались; his teeth set stubbornly он упрямо стиснул зубы
3. III
1) set smth. set a broken bone (dislocated joints, etc.) вправить кость и т.д.; set one's hair укладывать волосы; set the table накрывать на стол; set the stage расставлять декорации; set the scene подготовить обстановку; set the sails а) ставить паруса; б) отправляться в плавание; set a piano настраивать пианино; set a palette подготавливать палитру; set a razor править бритву; set a saw разводить пилу; set a clock (the hands of the watch, the alarm-clock) поставить часы; set the focus of a microscope настроить микроскоп; set a map ориентировать карту

2) set smb., smth. set guards /sentries, watches/ расставлять часовых /караульных и т.п./; set the guard (the pickets) выставлять караул (пикеты)

3) set smth. set the wedding day (the time, a date, a price, etc.) назначать день свадьбы и т.д.; set a fine устанавливать размер штрафа; set the course разработать /выработать/ курс; set standards (limits, a time-limit, boundaries, etc.) устанавливать нормы и т.д.; set requirements определять / вырабатывать/ требования; set a punishment наложить взыскание

4) set smth. set an examination-paper (questions, problems, etc.) составлять письменную экзаменационную работу и т.д.; set a new style (a tone) задавать новый стиль (тон); set the fashion вводить моду; set a new model (a pattern) внедрять новый образец (покрой); set the расе задавать темп; set a record устанавливать рекорд; set a precedent создавать прецедент; set a good (bad) example подавать хороший (дурной) пример

5) set smth. set a trap (a snare) поставить капкан (силки); set an ambush устроить засаду
4. IV
1) set smth. somewhere set the books back положить /поставить/ книги на место; set the chairs back отодвигать стулья; set back one's shoulders расправить плечи; the dog set its ears back собака прижала уши; set the clock (one's watch, the alarm, the hand of the watch, etc.) back one hour перевести часы /отвести часы/ на один час назад; set one's watch forward one hour поставить /перевести/ часы на один час вперед; set a house well (some distance /some way/, a fair distance, etc.) back from the road (from the street, etc.) построить /поставить/ дом вдали и т.д. от дороги и т.д.; set the book (one's knitting, the newspaper, etc.) aside отложить в сторону /отодвинуть/ книгу и т.A; set down one's load (one's suitcase, a box, etc.) опустить свой груз и т.д. (на землю)-, set the tray down поставить (на стол и т.я.) поднос; set the chair upright поднять стул; set smb. somewhere set the dogs apart растащить [дерущихся] собак; set the children apart отделять /изолировать/ детей

2) set smb., smth. in some direction the current set them (the boat, the ship, etc.) northward (seawards, etc.) течением их и т.д. понесло к северу и т.д.
5. V
set smb. smth.

1) set the boys (the students, the employees, etc.) a difficult job (an easy task, a difficult problem, the job of cleaning the yard, etc.) (заплавать мальчикам и т.д. трудную работу и т.д., set oneself a difficult task ставить перед бабой трудную задачу; set him a sum задавать ему арифметическую задачу; set one's son a goal поставить перед своим сыном цель

2) set the children (the younger boys, youngsters, other people, etc.) a good example подавать детям и т.д. хороший пример; set smb. smth. to do smth. set smb. a standard /a pattern/ to follow служить для кого-л. образцом, которому надо следовать
6. VI
set smth., smb. in some state

1) set the window (the door, the gates, etc.) open открывать /оставлять открытым/ окно и т.д.; set the door ajar приоткрывать дверь, оставить дверь полуоткрытой; set one's hat (one's tie, one's skirt, etc.) straight поправить шляпу и т.д., надеть шляпу и т.д. как следует; set the prisoners (the bird, etc.) free освобождать /выпускать на свободу, на волю/ узников и т.д.; set the dog loose спускать собаку (с цепи, с поводка и т.п.); a good night's rest will set you right за ночь вы отдохнете и снова будете хорошо себя чувствовать; why didn't you set the boy right? почему же вы не поправили мальчика?; I can soon set that right я могу это быстро уладить или исправить; set errors right исправлять ошибки; it would set him (myself) right in their eyes это оправдает его (меня) в их глазах; set things /matters/ straight /right/ уладить дела; set things ready приводить все в готовность; set smb.'s curiosity agog возбуждать чье-л. любопытство

2) set a melody half a tone higher (lower) транспонировать мелодию на полтона выше (ниже); set a piano too high настроить фортепиано слишком высоко
7. VII
1) set smb. to do smth. set the men to chop wood (the men to saw wood, the boys to dig a field, the pupils to work at their algebra, the girl to shell peas, the pupils to sing, etc.) заставлять рабочих колоть дрова и т.д.; I set him to work at mowing the lawn я велел ему /дал ему задание/ постричь газон; я вменил ему в обязанность подстригать газон; whom did you set to do this? кому вы поручили это сделать?; I set myself to study the problem я решил взяться за изучение этого вопроса; he set himself to finish the job by the end of May он твердо решил /поставил себе целью/ закончить работу к концу мая

2) set smth. to do smth. set a machine (a device, a mechanism, etc.) to work приводить в действие /завалять. запускать/ машину и т.д.; set the alarm clock to wake us at seven заводить будильник, чтобы он поднял нас в семь часов, поставить будильник на семь часов

3) set smth. to do smth. set a pattern to be followed подавать пример; создавать пример для подражания
8. VIII
set smb., smth. doing smth. set everybody (the company, people, me, etc.) thinking (singing, running, etc.) заставить всех и т.д. (при)задуматься и т.д.; set smb. talking а) заставить кого-л. говорить, разговорить кого-л.; I set him talking about the new invention (about the discovery, about marriage, etc.) я навел его на разговор о новом изобретении и т.д.; б) дать кому-л. пищу для разговоров; this incident set people talking этот случай /инцидент/ вызвал всякие пересуды; my jokes set the whole table (the company, the audience, the boys, etc.) laughing мой шутки смешили всех за столом и т.д.; set them wondering вызвать у них удивление; the smoke set her coughing от дыма она закашлялась; who has set the dog barking? кто там прошел?, почему лает собака?; set tongues wagging вызывать толки /пересуды/, давать пищу для сплетен; the news set my heart beating эта новость заставила мое сердце забиться; it's time we set the machinery (the machine, the engine, etc.) going пора запустить механизм и т.д. /привести механизм и т.д. в действие/; when anybody entered the device set the bell ringing когда кто-нибудь входил, срабатывало устройство и звонок начинал звонить; а strong wind set the bells ringing от сильного ветра колокола зазвонили; set a top spinning запускать волчок; а false step will set stones rolling один неверный шаг set и камни покатятся вниз; set a plan going начать осуществление плана; we must set things going надо начинать действовать
9. XI
1) be set in (near, round, on, etc.) smth. her house is set well back in the garden (near the road, some way back from the street, on a hill, etc.) ее дом стоит а глубине сада и т.д.; а town (a country-seat, a village, etc.) is set in a woodland (on an island, north of /from/ London, etc.) город и т.д. расположен в лесистой местности и т.д.; а boundary stone is set between two fields поля разделяет межевой камень; а balcony is set round the house вокруг дома идет балкон; the second act (the scene, the play, etc.) is set in ancient Rome (in a street, in Paris, etc.) действие второго акта и т.д. происходит в древнем Риме и т.д.; а screen is set in a wall экран вделан /вмонтирован/ в стену; there was a little door set in a wall в стене была маленькая дверка; а ruby (a diamond, etc.) was set in a buckle (in a gold ring, in an earring, etc.) в пряжку и т.д. был вделан /вставлен/ рубин и т.д.; а ruby is set in gold рубин в золотой оправе /оправлен золотом/; his blue eyes are set deep in a white face на его бледном лице глубоко посажены голубые глаза; the young plants should be set at intervals of six inches эти молодые растения надо сажать на расстоянии шести дюймов [друг от друга]; be set with smth. the coast is set with modem resorts на побережье раскинулось множество современных курортов; the tops of the wall were set with broken glass верхний край стены был утыкан битым стеклом; the room is set with tables and chairs комната заставлена столами и стульями; tables were set with little sprays of blue flowers столы были украшены маленькими букетиками синих цветов: the field was set with daisies поле было усеяно маргаритками; the sky was set with stars небо было усыпано звездами; а bracelet (a ring, a crown, a sword-handle, a valuable ornament, etc.) was set with diamonds (with jewels, with gems, with rubies, with pearls, with precious stones, etc.) браслет и т.д. был украшен /усыпан/ бриллиантами и т.д.; а gold ring set with two fine pearls золотое кольцо с двумя большими жемчужинами

2) be set in some direction the course is set to the west курс проложен на запад

3) be set on smth., smb. he (his mind, his heart) was set on it ему этого очень хотелось; his heart was set on her a) он любил лишь ее; б) все его помыслы были связаны с ней; be set on doing smth. be set on going to the stage (on coming here again, etc.) твердо решить пойти на сцену и т.д.; be set on going to the sea окончательно решить стать моряком; be set on having a motor bike (on winning, on finding him, etc.) поставить своей целью приобрести мотоцикл и т.д.; be set against smth.,smb. he is set against all reforms (against having electric light in the house, against this marriage, against the trip, etc.) он решительно [настроен] против всяких реформ и т.д.; he is set against her он и слышать о ней не хочет; be set against doing smth. he was violently set against meeting her он упорно отказывался встретиться /от встречи/ с ней /противился встрече с ней/

4) be set on by smb. she was set on by robbers (by a lot of roughs in the dark, by a dog, etc.) на нее напали грабители и т.д.

5) be set the table is set стол накрыт; the sails are set паруса подняты; be set for smb., smth. the table is set for six стол накрыт на шесть человек /персон/; the table is set for dinner (for lunch, etc.) стол накрыт к обеду и т.д.; be set in some state slaves (prisoners, hostages, etc.) were set free /at liberty/ рабы и т.д. были освобождены /отпущены на волю/; this must be set in order a) это надо привести в порядок; б) это надо разместить /разложить/ по порядку; the motor was set in motion включили мотор

6) be set at some time the mortar is already set цемент уже схватился /затвердел/; the jelly is not set yet желе еще не застыло; has the type for the book been set yet? эту книгу уже набрали?; it was all set now теперь все было готово /подготовлено/; be set in some manner his lips (his jaws, his teeth) were firmly set in an effort to control himself он плотно сжал губы (челюсти, зубы), пытаясь овладеть собой; his mind and character are completely set он вполне сформировался /сложился/ как личность; be set to do smth. be set to go there быть готовым пойти туда; two pumps (machines, wheels, etc.) were set to work два насоса и т.д. были включены /приведены в действие/; be set for smth. be set for the talk (for the meeting, for the game, for the journey, etc.) быть готовым к разговору и т.д.; the scene is set for the tragedy (for the drama, for the climax, etc.) события (в книге, в пьесе и т.п.) подводят /подготавливают/ (читателя, зрителя и т.п.) к трагедии и т.д.; he was all set for a brilliant career у него были все задатки для блестящей карьеры

7) be set over smb. he was set over people ему была дана власть над людьми; he was set over his rivals его ставили выше его соперников

8) be set against smth. one's expenses must be set against the amount received расходы следует соразмерить с доходами; the advantages must be set against the disadvantages надо учесть все плюсы и минусы; against these gains must be set the loss of prestige оценивая эти выгоды, нельзя забывать об ущербе в связи с потерей престижа; it's no good when theory is set against practice плохо, когда теорию противопоставляют практике; when one language is set against another... когда один язык сравнивают /сопоставляют/ с другим...

9) be set for some time the examination (the voting, his departure, etc.) is set for today (for May 2, etc.) экзамен и т.д. назначен на сегодня и т.д., the party is all set for Monday at my place решено вечеринку провести в понедельник у меня; the time and date of the meeting have not yet been set дата и время собрания еще не установлены; be set by smth., smb. rules (standards, terms, fees, etc.) are set by a committee (by the law, by the headmaster, etc.) правила и т.д. устанавливаются комиссией и т.д.

10) be set the list of questions is set список вопросов /вопросник/ составлен; be set for smth. what subjects have been set for the examination next year? какие предметы включены в экзамен на будущий год? || be set to music быть положенным на музыку

11) be set in smth. the editorial was set in boldface type передовая была набрана жирным шрифтом
10. XII
have smth. set we have everything set у нас все готово /подготовлено/; the ship has her sails set корабль поднял паруса; have a place set for a guest поставить прибор для гостя
11. XIII
set to do smth. set to dig the garden (to write letters, etc.) начать вскапывать сад и т.д.; the engineers set to repair the bridge инженеры приступили к ремонту моста
12. XVI
1) set behind (in, on, etc.) smth. the sun sets behind the western range of mountains солнце садится за горной грядой на западе; the sun sets in the sea солнце садится в море; the sun never sets on our country над нашей страной никогда не заходит солнце; set at (in) smth. the sun sets at five o'clock (in the evening, etc.) солнце заходит в пять часов и т.д.

2) set against (to, from, etc.) smth. set against the wind (against the current) двигаться, направляться (идти, плыть и т.п.) против ветра (против течения); set against the tide идти против прилива; the wind sets from the south (from the west, from the north-east, etc.) ветер дует с юга и т.д.: the current sets to the west (to the south, through the channel, through the straits, etc.) течение идет на запад и т.д.; the tide has set in his favour ему начинает везти

3) set against (with) smth., smb. public opinion is setting against this proposal (against this plan, against his visit, against him, etc.) общественное мнение складывается не в пользу этого предложения и т.д.; circumstances were setting with our plan (with him, etc.) обстоятельства складывались благоприятно для осуществления нашего плана и т.д.

4) set about (upon, on, to) smth. set about the study of mineralogy (about the composition, about it, about one's washing, about one's work, etc.) приниматься /браться/ за изучение минералогии и т.д.; I don't know how to set about this job не знаю, как приступить /как подступиться/ к этой работе; they set upon the task unwillingly они неохотно взялись за выполнение этой задачи; set to work in earnest, set seriously to work серьезно браться за работу; set to work on the problem приняться за работу над этой проблемой; set to work on one's studies начать заниматься, приняться за учение

5) set up (on) smb. set upon the enemy атаковать противника; а gang of ruffians set on him на него напала шайка хулиганов; they set upon him with blows они набросились на него с кулаками; they set upon us with arguments они обрушились на нас со своими доводами; set about /at/ smb. coll. set about the boys (about the stranger, about the supporters of the other team, at the bully, etc.) набрасываться /налетать, наскакивать/ на мальчишек и т.д.; they set about each other at once они сразу же сцепились друг с другом /начали колошматить друг друга/; I'd set about you myself if I could я бы сам отколотил тебя, если бы мог; I'd set about him with a stick (with the butt of the spade, etc.) if we have any trouble если что [не так], я стукну его палкой и т.д.

6) set in smth. cement soon sets in dry weather (in the cold, in the sun, etc.) в сухую погоду /когда сухо,/ и т.д. цемент быстро затвердевает /застывает/
13. XVII
set about (to) doing smth. set about getting dinner ready (about tidying up the room, about doing one's lessons, about stamp-collecting, late.) приниматься за обед /за приготовление обеда/ и т.д.; I must. set about my packing мне надо [начать] укладываться; he asked me how lie should set about learning German он спросил меня, с чего ему начать изучение немецкого языка; set to arguing (to fighting, to quarrelling. etc.) начинать /приниматься/ спорить и т.д.; they set to packing они стали упаковываться
14. XXI1
1) set smth., smb. on (at, against, in, before, for, etc.) smth., smb. set dishes (a lamp, one's glass, etc.) on the table поставить тарелки и т.д. на стол; set a place for the guest поставить прибор для гостя; set food and drink (wine and nuts, meat, a dish, etc.) before guests (before travellers, etc.) поставить еду и напитки и т.д. перед гостями и т.д.; set a table by the window (an armchair before a desk, a floor-lamp beside an armchair, etc.) поставить стол у окна и т.д.; set chairs around (at) a table расставлять стулья вокруг (у) стола; set a ladder (a bicycle, a stick, etc.) against a wall прислонить /приставить/ лестницу и т.д. к стене; set one's hand on smb.'s shoulder положить руку кому-л. на плечо; set a hand against the door опереться рукой о дверь; set smb. on his feet поставить кого-л. на ноги

2) set smth., smb. in (by, on, upon, etc.) smth. set things in their place again вернуть /положить/ вещи на место; set flowers in the water (in a vase, etc.) поставить цветы в воду и т.д.; set glass in a window вставлять стекло в окно; set lamps in 'walls вделывать светильники в стены; set one's foot in the stirrup вставить ногу в стремя; set the stake in the ground вкопать столб в землю; set a pearl (a jewel, a diamond, etc.) in gold оправлять жемчужину и т.д. в золото; set smb. by the fire усадить кого-л. у огня: set a child in a high chair посадить ребенка ка высокий стул; set smb. in the dock посадить кого-л. на скамью подсудимых; set a wheel on an axle насадить колесо на ось: set a hen on eggs, set eggs under a hen посадить курицу на яйца; set a boy on horseback подсадить мальчика на лошадь; set smb. on the pedestal поставить /возвести/ кого-л. на пьедестал; set troops on shore высадить войска [на берег]; set one's foot oil a step поставить ногу на ступеньку; set foot on shore ступить на берег; I'll never set foot on your threshold я никогда не переступлю порог вашего дома; set a crown on his head возложить на него корону; set a king on the throne посадить короля на трон; set a kiss upon smb.'s hand приложиться к чьей-л. руке; set smth. with smth. set the top of the wall with broken glass утыкать верхнюю часть стены битым стеклом; set this bed with tulips (with geraniums, etc.) засадить эту клумбу тюльпанами и т.д. || set eyes on smb., smth. увидеть кого-л что-л., I never set eyes on him before today до сегодняшнего дня я его в глаза не видел; that child wants everything he sets his eyes on этому ребенку вынь, да положь все, что он видит

3) set smth. to smth. set a glass (a trumpet, etc.) to one's lips, set one's lips to a glass (to a trumpet, etc.) подносить стакан и т.д. к губам /ко рту/; set a match (a lighter) to a cigarette (to old papers, to a fire, etc.) подносить спичку (зажигалку) к сигарете и т.д.; set one's shoulder to the door налечь плечом на дверь; set spurs to a horse пришпорить лошадь

4) set smb. across smth. set him across the river переправлять его через реку /на другой берег/; set a child across the street перевести ребенка на другую сторону улицы /через улицу/; set smth. by smth. set a ship by the compass вести корабль по компасу; set smth. against (to ward(s), to) smth. set the boat against the wind (against the current) направлять лодку против ветра и т.д.; set one's course to the south направляться на юг; set one's face toward the east (toward home, towards the sun, etc.) повернуться лицом к востоку и т.д.; set smb. after (at, on, etc.) smb., smth. set the police (detectives, etc.) after /on the track of/ the criminal (on her, after the spies, etc.) направлять полицию и т.д. по следу преступника и т.д.; set the boys on the wrong (right) track направлять мальчишек по ложному (по правильному) следу; set a dog at a hare (at a fox, at a bull, at his heels, etc.) пустить собаку по следу зайца и т.д.; set dogs on a stranger (on a trespasser, on thieves, etc.) спустить собак на незнакомца и т.д. || set sail for India отплывать /направляться/ в Индию

5) set smb. against (on, to, etc.) smb., smth. set people against each other (a friend against another, everyone against him, etc.) настраивать людей друг против друга и т.д.; he is trying to set you against me он старается восстановить вас против меня; set oneself against the proposal (against the scheme, against the decision, against his nomination, against him, etc.) был настроенным /выступать/ против этого предложения и т.д.; set the crowd on acts of violence (the crew to mutiny, soldiers to violence, people to robbery, etc.) подстрекать толпу на совершение актов насилия /к насилию/ и т.д.; set smth. against smth. set one thing against another противопоставлять одно другому; set one language against another сопоставлять /сравнивать/ один язык с другим; set smth. on smth. set one's heart /one's mind/ on the trip твердо настроиться на эту поездку; set one's heart on a new dress (on a new car, etc.) жаждать /очень хотеть/ купить новое платье и т.д.; he set his thoughts on the plan все его помыслы направлены на осуществление этого плана || set him at odds with his friends рассорить его с друзьями

6) set smb., smth. to smth. set the class (the boys, him, etc.) to work (to a task, to sums, to dictation, etc.) засадить класс и т.д. за работу и т.д.; set one's mind /one's wits/ to a question (to a task, to a job, etc.) сосредоточиться на каком-л. вопросе и т.д.; you won't find the work difficult if only you set your mind to it если вы серьезно возьметесь за дело, работа не покажется вам трудной; set one's hand to the work (to the task, to the plough, etc.) взяться за работу и т.д.; he set himself resolutely to the task он решительно взялся за выполнение задачи; set а реп to' paper начать писать, взяться за перо; set smth. before smb. set a task (an object) before him поставить перед ним задачу

7) set smth., smb. т (on, at, to) smth. set one's affairs (one's papers, one's house, a room, etc.) in order /to rights/ приводить свои дела и т.д. в порядок; set a machine in motion запустить машину; set the project in motion начинать работу над объектом; set the machinery of the government in motion приводить государственную машину в движение; set a chain reaction in motion вызвать цепную реакцию; his jokes set the audience (the table, the whole room, etc.) in a roar от его шуток вся аудитория и т.д. покатывалась со смеху; set smb. on his guard настораживать кого-л.; set smb. (smb.'s guests, the boy, smb.'s mind, etc.) at ease успокаивать кого-л. и т.д.; he set the girl at ease с ним девушке стало легко /девушка почувствовала себя свободно/; а host should try and set his guests at ease хозяин должен стараться, чтобы его гости чувствовали себя свободно /как дома/: now you may set your mind at ease теперь вы можете перестать волноваться /не волноваться/; set a question (the affair, the matter, etc.) at rest разрешить /урегулировать/ вопрос и т.д.; that sets all my doubts at rest это рассеивает все мои сомнения; set prisoners at liberty освобождать заключенных

8) set smth. for smth. set the table for dinner (for five people, for two, etc.) накрыть стол к обеду и т.д.; set the stage for the next scene in a play подготовить сцену для следующей картины [в пьесе]; set the scene for talks подготовить условия /создать благоприятную обстановку/ для переговоров; set smth. by smth. set one's watch by the radio timesignal (by the town clock, by the clock in the library, by mine, etc.) ставить /сверять/ часы по радиосигналу и т.д.; set smth. to (for, at) smth. set the clock (the hands of the clock) to the correct time (to the proper hour of the day, etc.) точно поставить часы и т.д.; set the alarm for 5 o'clock (the camera lens to infinity, a thermostat at 70°, etc.) поставить будильник на пять часов и т.д.

9) set smb., smth. at (in, он, etc.) smth. set a guard (a sentry, etc.) at the door (at the gate, at the corner of the street, in the nearest village, on the hill, etc.) поставить сторожа /часового/ и т.д. у дверей и т.д.; set pickets around the camp выставлять дозорных вокруг лагеря

10) set smb., smth. over (before, among, etc.) smb., smth. set him over others (a supervisor over the new workers, etc.) назначать его начальником над остальными и т.д.; set Vergil before Homer отдавать предпочтение Вергилию перед Гомером, ставить Вергилия выше Гомера; set the author among the greatest writers of today (the painter among the best artists of the world, the team among the strongest teams of Europe, etc.) считать автора одним из крупнейших писателей современности и т.д.; set duty before pleasure ставить долг выше удовольствий /на первое место/; set honesty above everything (diamonds above rubies, etc.) ценить честность превыше всего и т.д., his intelligence (his talent, his character, etc.) sets him apart from others (from ordinary people, from the normal run of people, etc.) его ум и т.д. выделяют его среди других и т.д.; her bright red hair sets her apart from her sisters из всех сестер у нее одной были ярко-рыжие волосы

11) set smth. at smth. set the price (the value of the canvas, etc.) at t 1000 оценить / назначить, определить цену/ и т.д. в тысячу фунтов; set bail at i 500 установить сумму залога в пятьсот фунтов; set neatness at a high value очень ценить аккуратность, придавать большое значение опрятности; set smth. for smth. set a time for a meeting назначать время собрания; set the rules for a contest вырабатывать правила состязания; set the lesson for tomorrow задавать урок на завтра; set smth. to /for /smth. set limits to smb.'s power (to his extravagance, to his demands, etc.) ограничивать чью-л. власть и т.д., устанавливать предел чьей-л. власти и т.д.; he sets no limit to his ambition его честолюбие не знает предела; set a time-limit for examination установить продолжительность экзамена; set a time-limit for debates установить регламент для выступления в прениях; set a record for the mile устанавливать рекорд в беге на одну милю; set an end to it положить этому конец; set smth. on smth., smb. set a high value on life (on punctuality, etc.) высоко ценить жизнь и т.д.; set a punishment on smb. налагать наказание на кого-л., определять кому-л. меру наказания; set a price on smb.'s head /on smb.'s life/ назначить награду за чью-л. голову /за чью-л. жизнь/; set smth. at some time set the death of the man at midnight установить, что смерть этого человека наступила в полночь || set much store by smth. придавать большее значение чему-л.; set much store by social position (by daily exercise, by what the neighbours say, by the opinion of people like him, etc.) придавать большое значение общественному положению и т.д.

12) set smth. for (in, to, etc.) smth. set papers for the examination составлять экзаменационные работы; set new questions (problems, etc.) in an examination подготовить новые вопросы и т.д. для экзамена; set the words (this poem, etc.) to music положить эти слова и т.д. на музыку; set new words to an old tune сочинить новые слова на старый мотив; set Othello to music а) написать музыку к "Отелло"; б) написать /сочинить/ оперу "Отелло"; set a piece of music for the violin переложить музыкальное произведение для скрипки

13) set smth. before smb. set a plan (facts, one's theory, one's proposals, etc.) before the council (before the chief, before experts, etc.) изложить совету /представить на рассмотрение совета/ и т.д. план и т.д.

14) set smth. to smth. set one's name /one's signature, one's hand/ to a document подписать документ; set a seal to the decree скрепить указ печатью; set smth. on smth. set a veto on smth. накладывать запрет на что-л.

15) set smth. on (in) smth., smb. set one's life on a chance рисковать жизнью в надежде на удачу; set one's future on a chance строить планы на будущее в расчете на счастливое стечение обстоятельств; set hopes on a chance (on him, on his uncle, etc.) надеяться /возлагать надежды/ на случай и т.д.

16) set smth. for smb. set a snare for a fox поставить капкан на лису; set poison for rats разложить отраву для крыс

17) set smth. for smth. set milk for cheese ставить молоко на творог, створаживать молоко

18) || set fire to a house (to a barn, etc.) поджигать дом и т.д.; set the woods (a woodpile, etc.) on fire поджигать лес и т.д.
15. XXII
1) set smth. on doing smth. set one's heart /one's hopes, one's mind, one's thoughts/ on becoming an engineer (on going with us, on going abroad, etc.) очень хотеть /стремиться/ стать инженером и т.д.; I set my heart on going today я решил ехать сегодня; he sets his hopes on getting on in life он очень надеется преуспеть в жизни /добиться в жизни успеха/; if he once sets his mind on doing something it takes a lot to dissuade him если он настроился на что-либо, его очень трудно отговорить

2) set smb. to doing smth. set him to woodchopping поставить его на колку дров, заставить его колоть дрова; set her to thinking заставить ее задуматься; set a child to crying довести ребенка до слез; he set himself to amusing me он изо всех сил старался развлечь меня
16. XXIV1
set smth. as smth. set education (money, revenge, etc.) as one's goal /as one's aim, as one's object, as one's purpose, as one's task/ поставить себе целью получить образование в т.д.

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > set
7 design

1. noun
1) (preliminary sketch) Entwurf, der

2) (pattern) Muster, das

3) no art. (art) Design, das; Gestaltung, die (geh.)

4) (established form of a product) Entwurf, der; (of machine, engine, etc.) Bauweise, die

5) (general idea, construction from parts) Konstruktion, die

6) in pl.

have designs on somebody/something — es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben

7) (purpose) Absicht, die

by design — mit Absicht; absichtlich

8) (end in view) Ziel, das
2. transitive verb
1) (draw plan of, sketch) entwerfen; konstruieren, entwerfen [Maschine, Fahrzeug, Flugzeug]

2)

be designed to do something — [Maschine, Werkzeug, Gerät:] etwas tun sollen

3) (set apart) vorsehen

be designed for somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas gedacht od. vorgesehen sein

* * *
1. verb
(to invent and prepare a plan of (something) before it is built or made: A famous architect designed this building.) entwerfen
2. noun
1) (a sketch or plan produced before something is made: a design for a dress.) der Entwurf

2) (style; the way in which something has been made or put together: It is very modern in design; I don't like the design of that building.) die Gestaltung, die Bauart

3) (a pattern etc: The curtains have a flower design on them.) das Muster

4) (a plan formed in the mind; (an) intention: Our holidays coincided by design and not by accident.) die Absicht

•

- academic.ru/19873/designer">designer
- designing
* * *

de·sign

[dɪˈzaɪn]

I. vt

1. (plan)

▪ to \design sth etw entwerfen

to \design books Bücher gestalten

to \design cars Autos konstruieren

to \design a dress ein Kleid entwerfen

2. (intend)

▪ to be \designed for sb für jdn konzipiert sein

these measures are \designed to reduce pollution diese Maßnahmen sollen die Luftverschmutzung verringern

II. vi entwerfen, gestalten

III. n

1. (plan or drawing) Entwurf m

2. no pl (art of creating designs) Design nt

to study \design Design studieren

3. (arrangement of form, colour) Design nt (of + gen); of building Bauart f; of machine Konstruktion f

4. no pl (intention) Vorsatz m, Absicht f

to do sth by \design etw mit Absicht tun

5. (pattern) Muster nt

6. ( fam: dishonest intentions)

▪ \designs pl Absichten pl; ( hum)

to have \designs on a championship es auf einen Titel abgesehen haben

IV. adj attr, inv Konstruktions-

\design fault Konstruktionsfehler m

\design feature Konstruktionsmerkmal nt

* * *
[dI'zaɪn]
1. n

1) (= planning, shaping etc of building, book, picture etc) Entwurf m; (of dress) Design nt, Entwurf m; (of car, machine, plane etc) Konstruktion f

it's still at the design stage — es befindet sich noch in der Konstruktion or im Konstruktionsstadium

it was a good/faulty design — es war gut/schlecht konstruiert

a new design (Aut) — ein neues Modell

2) no pl (as subject = art of designing) Design nt

3) (= pattern on pottery, material) Muster nt

4) (= intention) Plan m, Absicht f

evil designs — böse Absichten

by design ( rather than accident) — absichtlich (und nicht zufällig)

to have designs on sb/sth — mit jdm/etw etwas im Sinn haben, es auf jdn/etw abgesehen haben

he has designs on her — er hat etwas mit ihr vor

2. vt

1) (= plan, draw) entwerfen; machine konstruieren

a well designed machine —

car seats designed for maximum safety — Autositze, die für maximale Sicherheit konstruiert sind

2)

(= intend) to be designed for sb/sth —

the dictionary is designed for beginners a peace plan designed to end the civil war — das Wörterbuch ist für Anfänger bestimmt or konzipiert ein Friedensplan, der den Bürgerkrieg beenden soll

this magazine is designed to appeal to young people — diese Zeitschrift soll junge Leute ansprechen

the legislation is designed as a consumer protection measure — die Gesetzgebung soll dem Verbraucherschutz dienen

3. vi
planen, Pläne or Entwürfe machen
4. adj attr
Design-
design technology — Designtechnik f

* * *

design [dıˈzaın]

A v/t

1. entwerfen, aufzeichnen, skizzieren, TECH konstruieren:

design a dress ein Kleid entwerfen

2. gestalten, ausführen, anlegen:

beautifully designed

3. fig entwerfen, ausdenken, ersinnen

4. im Sinne haben, vorhaben, planen ( alle:

doing, to do zu tun)

5. bestimmen, vorsehen ( beide:

for für jemanden oder etwas;

as als):

be designed to do sth dafür bestimmt oder darauf angelegt sein, etwas zu tun (Sache)

6. (for) jemanden bestimmen (zu), ausersehen, vorsehen (zu, für):

he was designed for service in the navy;

design sb to be a priest jemanden dazu ausersehen, Priester zu werden

B v/i Pläne entwerfen, Entwürfe machen ( beide:

for für)

C s

1. Design n, Entwurf m, Zeichnung f, Plan m, Skizze f

2. Design n, Muster(zeichnung) n(f): → copyright A, protection 2, registered 2

3. TECH

a) Baumuster n, Konstruktionszeichnung f

b) Bauart f, Bau(weise) m(f), Konstruktion f, Ausführung f:

design engineer Konstrukteur(in); → industrial design

4. Design n, (dekoratives) Muster

5. (künstlerische oder äußere) Gestaltung, Formgebung f

6. Plan m, Anlage f, Anordnung f

7. Plan m, Vorhaben n, Absicht f:

by design mit Absicht, absichtlich;

with the design of doing mit der Absicht oder dem Vorsatz zu tun

8. Ziel n, (End)Zweck m

9. Anschlag m ([up]on sb’s life auf jemandes Leben), böse Absicht:

have designs (up)on ( oder against) etwas (Böses) im Schilde führen gegen, es abgesehen haben auf (akk), a. hum einen Anschlag vorhaben auf (akk)

10. Zweckmäßigkeit f:

argument from design REL Beweis m aus der Zweckmäßigkeit, teleologischer Gottesbeweis

* * *
1. noun
1) (preliminary sketch) Entwurf, der

2) (pattern) Muster, das

3) no art. (art) Design, das; Gestaltung, die (geh.)

4) (established form of a product) Entwurf, der; (of machine, engine, etc.) Bauweise, die

5) (general idea, construction from parts) Konstruktion, die

6) in pl.

have designs on somebody/something — es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben

7) (purpose) Absicht, die

by design — mit Absicht; absichtlich

8) (end in view) Ziel, das
2. transitive verb
1) (draw plan of, sketch) entwerfen; konstruieren, entwerfen [Maschine, Fahrzeug, Flugzeug]

2)

be designed to do something — [Maschine, Werkzeug, Gerät:] etwas tun sollen

3) (set apart) vorsehen

be designed for somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas gedacht od. vorgesehen sein

* * *

n.

Bauplan -¨e m.

Entwurf -¨e m.

Gestaltung f.

Konstruktion f.

Planung -en f. v.

entwerfen v.

konstruieren v.

konzipieren (Technik) v.

planen v.

English-german dictionary > design
8 Jacquard, Joseph-Marie

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

[br]

b. 7 July 1752 Lyons, France

d. 7 August 1834 Oullines, France

[br]

French developer of the apparatus named after him and used for selecting complicated patterns in weaving.

[br]

Jacquard was apprenticed at the age of 12 to bookbinding, and later to type-founding and cutlery. His parents, who had some connection with weaving, left him a small property upon their death. He made some experiments with pattern weaving, but lost all his inheritance; after marrying, he returned to type-founding and cutlery. In 1790 he formed the idea for his machine, but it was forgotten amidst the excitement of the French Revolution, in which he fought for the Revolutionists at the defence of Lyons. The machine he completed in 1801 combined earlier inventions and was for weaving net. He was sent to Paris to demonstrate it at the National Exposition and received a bronze medal. In 1804 Napoleon granted him a patent, a pension of 1,500 francs and a premium on each machine sold. This enabled him to study and work at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers to perfect his mechanism for pattern weaving. A method of selecting any combination of leashes at each shoot of the weft had to be developed, and Jacquard's mechanism was the outcome of various previous inventions. By taking the cards invented by Falcon in 1728 that were punched with holes like the paper of Bouchon in 1725, to select the needles for each pick, and by placing the apparatus above the loom where Vaucanson had put his mechanism, Jacquard combined the best features of earlier inventions. He was not entirely successful because his invention failed in the way it pressed the card against the needles; later modifications by Breton in 1815 and Skola in 1819 were needed before it functioned reliably. However, the advantage of Jacquard's machine was that each pick could be selected much more quickly than on the earlier draw looms, which meant that John Kay's flying shuttle could be introduced on fine pattern looms because the weaver no longer had to wait for the drawboy to sort out the leashes for the next pick. Robert Kay's drop box could also be used with different coloured wefts. The drawboy could be dispensed with because the foot-pedal operating the Jacquard mechanism could be worked by the weaver. Patterns could be changed quickly by replacing one set of cards with another, but the scope of the pattern was more limited than with the draw loom. Some machines that were brought into use aroused bitter hostility. Jacquard suffered physical violence, barely escaping with his life, and his machines were burnt by weavers at Lyons. However, by 1812 his mechanism began to be generally accepted and had been applied to 11,000 draw-looms in France. In 1819 Jacquard received a gold medal and a Cross of Honour for his invention. His machines reached England c.1816 and still remain the basic way of weaving complicated patterns.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

French Cross of Honour 1819. National Exposition Bronze Medal 1801.

Further Reading

A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London.

C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (covers the introduction of pattern weaving and the power loom).

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Jacquard, Joseph-Marie
9 set

1.
[set]transitive verb, -tt-, set

1) (put) (horizontally) legen; (vertically) stellen

set somebody ashore — jemanden an Land setzen

set the proposals before the board — (fig.) dem Vorstand die Vorschläge unterbreiten od. vorlegen

set something against something — (balance) etwas einer Sache (Dat.) gegenüberstellen

2) (apply) setzen

set pen to paper — etwas zu Papier bringen

set a match to something — ein Streichholz an etwas (Akk.) halten

3) (adjust) einstellen (at auf + Akk.); aufstellen [Falle]; stellen [Uhr]

set the alarm for 5.30 a.m. — den Wecker auf 5.30 Uhr stellen

4)

be set — (have location of action) [Buch, Film:] spielen

set a book/film in Australia — ein Buch/einen Film in Australien spielen lassen

5) (specify) festlegen [Bedingungen]; festsetzen [Termin, Ort usw.] ( for auf + Akk.)

set the interest rate at 10 % — die Zinsen auf 10 % festsetzen

set limits — Grenzen setzen

6) (bring into specified state)

set something/things right or in order — etwas/die Dinge in Ordnung bringen

set somebody laughing — jemanden zum Lachen bringen

set a dog barking — einen Hund anschlagen lassen

set somebody thinking that... — jemanden auf den Gedanken bringen, dass...

the news set me thinking — die Nachricht machte mich nachdenklich

7) (put forward) stellen [Frage, Aufgabe]; aufgeben [Hausaufgabe]; vorschreiben [Textbuch, Lektüre]; (compose) zusammenstellen [Rätsel, Fragen]

set somebody a task/problem — jemandem eine Aufgabe stellen/jemanden vor ein Problem stellen

set [somebody/oneself] a target — [jemandem/sich] ein Ziel setzen

8) (turn to solid) fest werden lassen

is the jelly set yet? — ist das Gelee schon fest?

9) (lay for meal) decken [Tisch]; auflegen [Gedeck]

10) (establish) aufstellen [Rekord, Richtlinien]

11) (Med.): (put into place) [ein]richten; einrenken [verrenktes Gelenk]

12) (fix) legen [Haare]

set eyes on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas sehen

13) (Printing) setzen

14)

set somebody in charge of something — jemanden mit etwas betrauen

set a dog on somebody — einen Hund auf jemanden hetzen

set the police after somebody — die Polizei auf jemanden hetzen

set somebody against somebody — jemanden gegen jemanden aufbringen

15)

be set on a hill — [Haus:] auf einem Hügel stehen
2. intransitive verb,
-tt-, set

1) (solidify) fest werden

has the jelly set yet? — ist das Gelee schon fest?

2) (go down) [Sonne, Mond:] untergehen
3. noun
1) (group) Satz, der

set [of two] — Paar, das

a set of chairs — eine Sitzgruppe

a complete set of Dickens' novels — eine Gesamtausgabe der Romane von Dickens

chess set — Schachspiel, das

2) see academic.ru/66102/service">service 1. 9)

3) (section of society) Kreis, der

racing set — Rennsportfreunde od. -fans

the fast set — die Lebewelt

4) (Math.) Menge, die

5)

set [of teeth] — Gebiss, das

6) (radio or TV receiver) Gerät, das; Apparat, der

7) (Tennis) Satz, der

8) (of hair) Frisieren, das; Einlegen, das

9) (Cinemat., film): (built-up scenery) Szenenaufbau, der; Dekoration, die

10) (acting area for film)

on the set — bei den Dreharbeiten
4. adjective
1) (fixed) starr [Linie, Gewohnheit, Blick, Lächeln]; fest [Absichten, Zielvorstellungen, Zeitpunkt]

be set in one's ways or habits — in seinen Gewohnheiten festgefahren sein

deep-set eyes — tief liegende Augen

2) (assigned for study) vorgeschrieben [Buch, Text]

be a set book — Pflichtlektüre sein

3) (according to fixed menu)

set meal or menu — Menü, das

4) (ready)

something is set to increase — etwas wird bald steigen

be/get set for something — zu etwas bereit sein/sich zu etwas fertig machen

be/get set to leave — bereit sein/sich fertig machen zum Aufbruch

all set? — (coll.) alles klar od. fertig?

be all set to do something — bereit sein, etwas zu tun

5) (determined)

be set on something/doing something — zu etwas entschlossen sein/entschlossen sein, etwas zu tun

be [dead] set against something — [absolut] gegen etwas sein

Phrasal Verbs:

- set about

- set apart

- set aside

- set back

- set by

- set down

- set forth

- set in

- set off

- set on

- set out

- set to

- set up

* * *
[set] 1. present participle - setting; verb
1) (to put or place: She set the tray down on the table.) stellen, legen, setzen

2) (to put plates, knives, forks etc on (a table) for a meal: Please would you set the table for me?) decken

3) (to settle or arrange (a date, limit, price etc): It's difficult to set a price on a book when you don't know its value.) festlegen

4) (to give a person (a task etc) to do: The witch set the prince three tasks; The teacher set a test for her pupils; He should set the others a good example.) stellen

5) (to cause to start doing something: His behaviour set people talking.) veranlassen

6) ((of the sun etc) to disappear below the horizon: It gets cooler when the sun sets.) untergehen

7) (to become firm or solid: Has the concrete set?) festwerden

8) (to adjust (eg a clock or its alarm) so that it is ready to perform its function: He set the alarm for 7.00 a.m.) einstellen

9) (to arrange (hair) in waves or curls.) herrichten

10) (to fix in the surface of something, eg jewels in a ring.) fassen

11) (to put (broken bones) into the correct position for healing: They set his broken arm.) richten
2. adjective
1) (fixed or arranged previously: There is a set procedure for doing this.) das Set

2) ((often with on) ready, intending or determined (to do something): He is set on going.)

3) (deliberate: He had the set intention of hurting her.) wohlüberlegt

4) (stiff; fixed: He had a set smile on his face.) starr

5) (not changing or developing: set ideas.) fest

6) ((with with) having something set in it: a gold ring set with diamonds.) eingefaßt
3. noun
1) (a group of things used or belonging together: a set of carving tools; a complete set of (the novels of) Jane Austen.) der Satz

2) (an apparatus for receiving radio or television signals: a television/radio set.) das Gerät

3) (a group of people: the musical set.) der Kreis

4) (the process of setting hair: a shampoo and set.) das Legen

5) (scenery for a play or film: There was a very impressive set in the final act.) der Szenenaufbau

6) (a group of six or more games in tennis: She won the first set and lost the next two.) der Satz

•

- setting
- setback
- set phrase
- set-square
- setting-lotion
- set-to
- set-up
- all set
- set about
- set someone against someone
- set against someone
- set someone against
- set against
- set aside
- set back
- set down
- set in
- set off
- set something or someone on someone
- set on someone
- set something or someone on
- set on
- set out
- set to
- set up
- set up camp
- set up house
- set up shop
- set upon
* * *

set

[set]

I. ADJECTIVE

1. pred (ready) bereit, fertig

▪ to be [all] \set [for sth] [für etw akk] bereit sein

be \set to leave by 8 a.m. um 8 Uhr solltest du startklar sein

to get \set to do sth sich akk darauf vorbereiten, etw zu tun

ready, get \set, go! auf die Plätze, fertig, los!

we were just getting \set to leave when... wir wollten gerade gehen, als...

2. (fixed) pattern, time fest[gesetzt]

\set expression [or phrase] feststehender Ausdruck

\set meal Stammessen nt, Stammgericht nt ÖSTERR; (dish of the day) Tagesgericht nt

\set menu Tageskarte f

\set price Festpreis m, Fixpreis m

at \set times zu festen Zeiten

3. (expression of face) starr

her face took on a \set expression ihre Miene erstarrte

\set smile aufgesetztes Lächeln

4. (unlikely to change)

to have a \set idea about sth eine feste Vorstellung von etw dat haben

to have become a \set habit zur festen Gewohnheit geworden sein

to be \set in one's ways in seinen Gewohnheiten festgefahren sein

5. (likely)

Manchester United looks \set for victory es sieht ganz so aus, als würde Manchester United gewinnen

the rain is \set to continue all week der Regen wird wohl noch die ganze Woche andauern

6. attr, inv (assigned) number, pattern vorgegebene(r, s); subject also bestimmte(r, s)

\set book [or text] Pflichtlektüre

7. (determined)

▪ to be [dead] \set against sth [vollkommen] gegen etw akk sein

▪ to be [dead] \set on sth zu etw akk [wild] entschlossen sein

II. NOUN

1. (collection, group) of glasses, stamps etc. Satz m; (of two items) Paar nt; of clothes etc. Set nt, Garnitur f

he's got a complete \set of Joyce's novels er hat eine Gesamtausgabe von Joyce

box[ed] \set Box-Set nt (ein komplettes Set etwa von CDs oder Videokassetten, das in einem Schuber o.Ä. erhältlich ist)

chemistry \set Chemiekasten m

chess \set Schachspiel nt

a \set of chromosomes ein Chromosomensatz m

\set of encyclopaedias Enzyklopädiereihe f

\set of lectures Vortragsreihe f

\set of rules Regelwerk nt

tea \set Teeservice nt

\set of teeth Gebiss nt

tool \set Werkzeugsatz m

\set of twins Zwillingspaar nt

2. + sing/pl vb (group of people) [Personen]kreis m, Clique f fam

she's got in with a very arty \set sie bewegt sich neuerdings in sehr ausgewählten Künstlerkreisen

the fashion \set die Modefreaks pl sl

the literary \set die Literaten pl

the smart \set die Schickeria meist pej

3. BRIT SCH (class) Kurs f

4. THEAT Bühnenbild nt, Bühnenausstattung f; FILM Szenenaufbau m; (film location) Drehort m

on the \set bei den Dreharbeiten; (location) am Set

5. (appliance) Gerät nt; (television) Fernsehgerät nt, Fernseher m; (radio) Radio[gerät] nt

colour \set Farbfernseher m

an electric fondue \set ein elektrisches Fonduegerät

6. SPORT Satz m

to win a \set einen Satz gewinnen

7. MATH Menge f

\set theory Mengenlehre f

8. MUS Block m

9. COMPUT

data \set Datensatz m; (file) Datei f

10. TYPO (width of character) Set nt o m fachspr

11. BOT (young plant) Setzling m; (bulb) Knolle f

12. (coat of plaster) Feinputz m

13. (sett) Bau m

14. no pl of eyes, jaw Stellung f; of shoulders Haltung f

15. no pl (hair arrangement)

to have a shampoo and \set sich dat die Haare waschen und legen lassen

16. no pl see mindset

17. no pl of the current, tide Richtung f, Lauf m

18. no pl AUS, NZ ( fam: grudge)

to get a \set on sb [die] Wut auf jdn kriegen fam

19. no pl HUNT Vorstehen nt fachspr

20. no pl TECH of the teeth of a saw Schränkung f fachspr

21. no pl TECH (in metal, wood, etc.) Durchbiegung f fachspr

22.

▶ to make a \set at sb BRIT sich akk an jdn ranmachen fam

III. TRANSITIVE VERB

<set, set>

1. (place)

▪ to \set sb/sth somewhere jdn/etw irgendwohin stellen; (on its side) jdn/etw irgendwohin legen

the cat \set a dead mouse in front of us die Katze legte uns eine tote Maus vor

\set the bricks one on top of the other setze einen Klotz auf den anderen

to \set a chair by the bed/window einen Stuhl ans Bett/Fenster stellen

to \set sb on his/her way ( fig) jdn losschicken

I \set her above all others für mich ist sie die Allergrößte

2. usu passive (take place in, be located)

▪ to be \set somewhere:

‘West Side Story’ is \set in New York ‚West Side Story‘ spielt in New York

their house is \set on a hill ihr Haus liegt auf einem Hügel

the novel is \set in the 16th century der Roman spielt im 16. Jahrhundert

3. (cause to be, start)

to \set a boat afloat ein Boot zu Wasser lassen

to \set sth on fire etw in Brand setzen

to \set sth in motion etw in Bewegung setzen [o fig a. ins Rollen bringen]

▪ to \set sb doing sth jdn veranlassen [o dazu bringen], etw zu tun

his remarks \set me thinking seine Bemerkungen gaben mir zu denken

to \set sb loose [or free] jdn freilassen [o auf freien Fuß setzen]

to \set sth right etw [wieder] in Ordnung bringen

to \set sb straight jdn berichtigen

these changes will \set the country on the road to economic recovery diese Änderungen werden das Land zum wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung führen

the noise \set the dog barking wegen des Lärms fing der Hund an zu bellen

4. (release) CHEM

to \set sth free etw freisetzen

5. (adjust, prepare)

▪ to \set sth etw einstellen; (prepare) etw vorbereiten

to \set the alarm for 7.00 a.m. den Wecker auf 07.00 Uhr stellen

to \set a clock/watch eine Uhr/Armbanduhr stellen

to \set the margin TYPO den Rand einstellen

to \set the table den Tisch decken

to \set a thermostat/timer einen Thermostat/Zeitmesser einstellen

to \set a trap eine Falle aufstellen

6. (fix)

▪ to \set sth etw festsetzen

to \set the budget das Budget festlegen

to \set a date/time einen Termin/eine Zeit ausmachen

they still haven't \set a date for their wedding sie haben immer noch keinen Termin für die Hochzeit festgesetzt

to \set a deadline for sb jdm eine Frist setzen

to \set oneself a goal sich dat ein Ziel setzen

to \set a limit eine Grenze setzen

to \set a norm eine Norm festlegen

to \set a price [on sth] einen Preis [für etw akk] festsetzen

to \set one's teeth die Zähne zusammenbeißen

... she said, \setting her jaw firmly... sagte sie mit versteinerter Miene

7. (establish)

to \set a good example to sb jdm ein Vorbild sein

to \set the pace das Tempo angeben [o bestimmen]

to \set a record einen Rekord aufstellen

8. ANAT

▪ to \set sth etw einrenken

to \set a broken bone einen gebrochenen Knochen einrichten fachspr

9. (arrange)

to \set sb's hair jdm die Haare legen

to have one's hair \set sich dat die Haare legen lassen

10. (adorn)

▪ to \set sth with sth etw mit etw dat besetzen

a watch \set with sapphires eine mit Saphiren besetzte Uhr

11. (insert)

▪ to \set sth in[to] sth etw in etw akk einlassen [o fassen]

a bracelet with rubies \set in gold ein Armband mit in Gold gefassten Rubinen

12. MUS

to \set a poem/words etc. to music ein Gedicht/einen Text etc. vertonen

13. esp BRIT, AUS (assign)

to \set sb in charge of sth jdn mit etw dat betrauen

to \set homework Hausaufgaben [o ÖSTERR a. eine Hausübung] aufgeben

to \set a task for sb [or sb a task] jdm eine Aufgabe stellen

to \set sb to work jdm Arbeit zuweisen

14. COMPUT

▪ to \set sth (give variable a value) etw setzen; (define value) etw einstellen

15. TYPO (compose)

to \set a text einen Text setzen

to be \set in Times Roman in Times Roman gesetzt sein

16. (keep watch on)

to \set a guard on sb jdn bewachen lassen

17.

to \set the scene [or stage] for sth (create conditions) die Bedingungen für etw akk schaffen; (facilitate) den Weg für etw akk frei machen

the scene is \set for the summit next week die Vorbereitungen für das Gipfeltreffen nächste Woche sind unter Dach und Fach

18. (sail)

to \set course for sth auf etw akk Kurs nehmen

to \set sail ( also fig) die Segel setzen

to \set sail for/from... nach/von... losfahren

19. (see)

to \set eyes on sb/sth jdn/etw sehen

20. (enter)

to \set foot in [or on] sth etw betreten

21. (calm)

to \set one's mind at ease sich akk beruhigen

22.

to \set one's mind to [or on] sth (concentrate on) sich akk auf etw akk konzentrieren; (approach with determination) etw entschlossen angehen

23.

▶ to \set the world [or the Thames] ablaze [or on fire] [or alight] die Welt aus den Angeln heben

IV. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<set, set>

1. (grow together) bones, limbs zusammenwachsen

2. (become firm) concrete, jelly fest werden

the glue has \set hard der Klebstoff ist ausgehärtet

3. (sink) moon, sun untergehen

4. (have a specified direction) river, stream

to \set to the north/westwards nach Norden/Westen verlaufen

5. HUNT dog vorstehen fachspr

6. (become fixed) eyes verharren; features sich akk versteinern

7. BOT Frucht ansetzen

* * *
(INTERNET) abbr SET m
* * *

set [set]

A s

1. Satz m (Briefmarken, Dokumente, Werkzeuge etc), (Möbel-, Toiletten- etc) Garnitur f, (Speise- etc) Service n:

a set of agreements POL ein Vertragswerk;

a set of colo(u)rs ein Farbensortiment n;

a set of drills ein Satz Bohrer;

set of values Wertanschauung f

2. (Häuser- etc) Gruppe f, (Zimmer) Flucht f:

a set of houses (rooms)

3. WIRTSCH Kollektion f

4. Sammlung f, besonders

a) mehrbändige Ausgabe (eines Autors)

b) (Schriften) Reihe f, (Artikel) Serie f

5. TECH

a) (Maschinen) Satz m, (-)Anlage f, Aggregat n

b) RADIO etc Gerät n, Apparat m

6. a) THEAT Bühnenausstattung f

b) FILM Szenenaufbau m

7. Tennis etc: Satz m

8. MATH

a) Zahlenreihe f

b) Menge f

9. set of teeth Gebiss n

10. (Personen)Kreis m:

a) Gesellschaft(sschicht) f, (literarische etc) Welt

b) pej Clique f

c) SCHULE Unterrichtsgruppe f:

the chic set die Schickeria

11. Sitz m, Schnitt m (von Kleidern)

12. a) Form f

b) Haltung f

13. Richtung f, (Ver)Lauf m (einer Strömung etc):

the set of public opinion der Meinungstrend

14. fig Neigung f, Tendenz f ( beide:

toward[s] zu)

15. PSYCH (innere) Bereitschaft ( for zu)

16. (Sonnen- etc) Untergang m:

the set of day poet das Tagesende

17. TECH Schränkung f (einer Säge)

18. TECH → setting 10

19. ARCH Feinputz m

20. BOT

a) Ableger m, Setzling m

b) Fruchtansatz m

21. Kontertanz:

a) Tänzer(zahl) pl(f), -paare pl

b) Tour f, Hauptfigur f:

first set Quadrille f

22. MUS Serie f, Folge f, Zyklus m

23. JAGD Vorstehen n (des Hundes):

make a dead set at fig

a) jemanden scharf aufs Korn nehmen umg, herfallen über jemanden,

b) es auf einen Mann abgesehen haben (Frau)

24. JAGD (Dachs- etc) Bau m

B adj

1. festgesetzt (Tag etc):

set meal Menü n

2. a) bereit

b) fest entschlossen (on, upon doing zu tun):

all set startklar;

be all set for vorbereitet oder eingestellt sein auf (akk)

3. vorgeschrieben, festgelegt (Regeln etc):

set books pl ( oder reading) SCHULE Pflichtlektüre f

4. wohlüberlegt, einstudiert (Rede etc)

5. feststehend (Redewendungen etc)

6. fest (Meinung): → purpose Bes Redew

7. starr:

a set face ein unbewegtes Gesicht

8. US halsstarrig, stur

9. konventionell, formell (Party etc)

10. zusammengebissen (Zähne)

11. (ein)gefasst (Edelstein)

12. TECH eingebaut (Rohr etc)

13. set fair beständig (auf dem Barometer)

14. → hard-set

15. (in Zusammensetzungen) … gebaut, … gestaltet:

well-set gut gebaut

C v/t prät und pperf set

1. setzen, stellen, legen:

set the glass to one’s lips das Glas an die Lippen setzen;

set a match to ein Streichholz halten an (akk), etwas in Brand stecken (siehe a. die Verbindungen mit anderen entsprechenden Substantiven)

2. in einen Zustand (ver)setzen, bringen:

set sb free jemanden auf freien Fuß setzen, jemanden freilassen; → ease A 2, liberty Bes Redew, right A 5, B 5, etc

3. veranlassen zu:

set a party laughing eine Gesellschaft zum Lachen bringen;

set going in Gang setzen;

set sb thinking

a) jemanden nachdenklich machen, jemandem zu denken geben,

b) jemandem Denkanstöße oder einen Denkanstoß geben; → roar C 1

4. ein-, herrichten, (an)ordnen, zurechtmachen, besonders

a) THEAT die Bühne aufbauen, (Skisport) die Strecke abstecken

b) den Tisch decken

c) TECH (ein)stellen, (-)richten, regulieren

d) die Uhr, den Wecker stellen (by nach dem Radio etc):

set the alarm (clock) for five o’clock den Wecker auf 5 Uhr stellen

e) eine Säge schränken

f) ein Messer abziehen, schärfen

g) MED einen Bruch, Knochen (ein)richten

h) das Haar legen

5. MUS

a) vertonen

b) arrangieren

6. TYPO absetzen

7. AGR

a) Setzlinge (an)pflanzen

b) den Boden bepflanzen

8. a) die Bruthenne setzen

b) Eier unterlegen

9. a) einen Edelstein (ein)fassen

b) mit Edelsteinen etc besetzen

10. eine Wache aufstellen

11. eine Aufgabe, Frage stellen

12. jemanden anweisen ( to do sth etwas zu tun), jemanden an eine Sache setzen

13. a) etwas vorschreiben, bestimmen

b) einen Zeitpunkt festlegen, -setzen, ansetzen

c) ein Beispiel etc geben, eine Regel etc aufstellen

d) einen Rekord aufstellen: → fashion A 1, pace¹ A 1

14. einen Hund etc hetzen (on auf jemanden):

set spies on sb jemanden bespitzeln lassen, auf jemanden Spitzel ansetzen

15. Flüssiges fest werden lassen, Milch gerinnen lassen

16. die Zähne zusammenbeißen

17. den Wert bestimmen, festsetzen

18. einen Preis aussetzen (on auf akk)

19. Geld, sein Leben etc riskieren, aufs Spiel setzen

20. fig legen, setzen:

set one’s hopes on seine Hoffnung setzen auf (akk);

the scene is set in Rome der Schauplatz oder Ort der Handlung ist Rom, das Stück etc spielt in Rom;

the novel is set in Spain der Roman spielt in Spanien

D v/i

1. untergehen (Sonne etc):

his star has set fig sein Stern ist untergegangen

2. a) auswachsen (Körper)

b) ausreifen (Charakter)

3. beständig werden (Wetter etc): → B 13

4. a) fest werden (Flüssiges), erstarren (auch Gesicht, Muskel)

b) TECH abbinden (Zement etc)

c) gerinnen (Milch)

d) sich absetzen (Rahm)

5. brüten (Glucke)

6. gut etc sitzen (Kleidungsstück)

7. fig passen ( with zu)

8. sich bewegen, fließen, strömen:

the current sets to the north die Stromrichtung ist Nord

9. wehen, kommen ( from aus, von) (Wind)

10. sich neigen oder richten:

opinion is setting against him die Meinung richtet sich gegen ihn

11. BOT Frucht ansetzen (Blüte, Baum)

12. ZOOL sich festsetzen (Austern)

13. TECH sich verbiegen

14. JAGD vorstehen (Hund)

15. MED sich einrenken

s. abk

1. second ( seconds pl) s, Sek.

2. section

3. see s.

4. series

5. set

6. HIST Br shilling ( shillings pl)

7. sign

8. signed gez.

9. singular Sg.

10. son

* * *
1.
[set]transitive verb, -tt-, set

1) (put) (horizontally) legen; (vertically) stellen

set somebody ashore — jemanden an Land setzen

set the proposals before the board — (fig.) dem Vorstand die Vorschläge unterbreiten od. vorlegen

set something against something — (balance) etwas einer Sache (Dat.) gegenüberstellen

2) (apply) setzen

set pen to paper — etwas zu Papier bringen

set a match to something — ein Streichholz an etwas (Akk.) halten

3) (adjust) einstellen (at auf + Akk.); aufstellen [Falle]; stellen [Uhr]

set the alarm for 5.30 a.m. — den Wecker auf 5.30 Uhr stellen

4)

be set — (have location of action) [Buch, Film:] spielen

set a book/film in Australia — ein Buch/einen Film in Australien spielen lassen

5) (specify) festlegen [Bedingungen]; festsetzen [Termin, Ort usw.] ( for auf + Akk.)

set the interest rate at 10 % — die Zinsen auf 10 % festsetzen

set limits — Grenzen setzen

6) (bring into specified state)

set something/things right or in order — etwas/die Dinge in Ordnung bringen

set somebody laughing — jemanden zum Lachen bringen

set a dog barking — einen Hund anschlagen lassen

set somebody thinking that... — jemanden auf den Gedanken bringen, dass...

the news set me thinking — die Nachricht machte mich nachdenklich

7) (put forward) stellen [Frage, Aufgabe]; aufgeben [Hausaufgabe]; vorschreiben [Textbuch, Lektüre]; (compose) zusammenstellen [Rätsel, Fragen]

set somebody a task/problem — jemandem eine Aufgabe stellen/jemanden vor ein Problem stellen

set [somebody/oneself] a target — [jemandem/sich] ein Ziel setzen

8) (turn to solid) fest werden lassen

is the jelly set yet? — ist das Gelee schon fest?

9) (lay for meal) decken [Tisch]; auflegen [Gedeck]

10) (establish) aufstellen [Rekord, Richtlinien]

11) (Med.): (put into place) [ein]richten; einrenken [verrenktes Gelenk]

12) (fix) legen [Haare]

set eyes on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas sehen

13) (Printing) setzen

14)

set somebody in charge of something — jemanden mit etwas betrauen

set a dog on somebody — einen Hund auf jemanden hetzen

set the police after somebody — die Polizei auf jemanden hetzen

set somebody against somebody — jemanden gegen jemanden aufbringen

15)

be set on a hill — [Haus:] auf einem Hügel stehen
2. intransitive verb,
-tt-, set

1) (solidify) fest werden

has the jelly set yet? — ist das Gelee schon fest?

2) (go down) [Sonne, Mond:] untergehen
3. noun
1) (group) Satz, der

set [of two] — Paar, das

a set of chairs — eine Sitzgruppe

a complete set of Dickens' novels — eine Gesamtausgabe der Romane von Dickens

chess set — Schachspiel, das

2) see service 1. 9)

3) (section of society) Kreis, der

racing set — Rennsportfreunde od. -fans

the fast set — die Lebewelt

4) (Math.) Menge, die

5)

set [of teeth] — Gebiss, das

6) (radio or TV receiver) Gerät, das; Apparat, der

7) (Tennis) Satz, der

8) (of hair) Frisieren, das; Einlegen, das

9) (Cinemat., film): (built-up scenery) Szenenaufbau, der; Dekoration, die

10) (acting area for film)

on the set — bei den Dreharbeiten
4. adjective
1) (fixed) starr [Linie, Gewohnheit, Blick, Lächeln]; fest [Absichten, Zielvorstellungen, Zeitpunkt]

be set in one's ways or habits — in seinen Gewohnheiten festgefahren sein

deep-set eyes — tief liegende Augen

2) (assigned for study) vorgeschrieben [Buch, Text]

be a set book — Pflichtlektüre sein

3) (according to fixed menu)

set meal or menu — Menü, das

4) (ready)

something is set to increase — etwas wird bald steigen

be/get set for something — zu etwas bereit sein/sich zu etwas fertig machen

be/get set to leave — bereit sein/sich fertig machen zum Aufbruch

all set? — (coll.) alles klar od. fertig?

be all set to do something — bereit sein, etwas zu tun

5) (determined)

be set on something/doing something — zu etwas entschlossen sein/entschlossen sein, etwas zu tun

be [dead] set against something — [absolut] gegen etwas sein

Phrasal Verbs:

- set about

- set apart

- set aside

- set back

- set by

- set down

- set forth

- set in

- set off

- set on

- set out

- set to

- set up

* * *

(sport) n.

Satz ¨-e m. adj.

festgelegt adj.

festgesetzt adj. n.

Garnitur -en f.

Menge -n (Mathematik) f.

Reihe -n f.

Zusammenstellung f. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: set)

= aufstellen v.

einstellen v.

erstarren v.

fest werden ausdr.

festlegen v.

festsetzen v.

legen v.

setzen v.

stellen v.

veranlassen v.

English-german dictionary > set
10 design

design [dɪˈzaɪn]

1. noun

   a. ( = pattern) motif m

• a leaf design un motif de feuilles

   b. ( = plan drawn in detail) [of building, machine, car] plan m (of, for de ) ; [of dress, hat] modèle m (of, for de)

• have you seen the designs for the new cathedral? avez-vous vu les plans de la nouvelle cathédrale ?

   c. ( = way in which sth is planned and made) [of clothes] style m ; [of car, machine, building, book] conception f ; ( = look) design m

• the design was faulty la conception était défectueuse

• a dress in this summer's latest design une robe dans le style de cet été

• the design of the car allows... la façon dont la voiture est conçue permet...

   d. ( = completed model) modèle m

• a new design of car un nouveau modèle de voiture

• the dress is an exclusive design by... cette robe est un modèle exclusif de...

   e. ( = subject of study) (for furniture, housing) design m ; (for clothing) stylisme m

• industrial design design m industriel

   f. ( = intention) to have designs on sb/sth avoir des visées sur qn/qch

• by design ( = deliberately) à dessein

2. transitive verb

   a. ( = think out) [+ object, car, model, building] concevoir

• well-designed bien conçu

   b. ( = draw on paper) dessiner

   c. ( = destine for particular purpose) room designed as a study pièce conçue comme cabinet de travail

• car seats designed for maximum safety des sièges de voiture conçus pour une sécurité maximale

• to be designed for sb ( = aimed at particular person) s'adresser à qn

• a course designed for foreign students un cours s'adressant aux étudiants étrangers

• to be designed to do sth ( = be made for sth) être conçu pour faire qch ; ( = be aimed at sth) être destiné à faire qch

• a peace plan designed to end the civil war un plan de paix visant à mettre fin à la guerre civile

3. compounds

► design and technology noun (British) (at school) technologie f

► design fault noun défaut m de conception

* * *
[dɪ'zaɪn] 1.
noun

1) (idea, conception) conception f

2) (planning, development) (of object, appliance) conception f; (of building, room) agencement m; ( of clothing) création f

3) (drawing, plan) ( detailed) plan m ( for de); ( sketch) croquis m ( for de)

4) (model, completed object) modèle m

5) ( art of designing) gen design m; ( fashion) stylisme m

6) ( decorative pattern) motif m

a leaf design — un motif de feuilles

7) Art, University arts mpl appliqués

8) ( intention) dessein m ( to do de faire)

by design — à dessein

to have designs on — avoir des vues fpl sur

to have evil designs on — être mal intentionné envers
2.
transitive verb

1) (conceive, plan out) concevoir

2) ( intend)

to be designed for something/to do — ( destined for) être destiné à quelque chose/à faire; ( made for) être conçu pour quelque chose/pour faire

3) ( draw plan for) [draughtsman] dessiner le patron de [garment]; [designer] créer [costume, garment]; dessiner [building, appliance]

English-French dictionary > design
11 Mind

   1) To Know the Different Operations of the Mind

   It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reﬂection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reﬂection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)

   2) The Mind Is Furnished by Experience

   Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)

   3) Mythical Thought Is as Rigorous as That of Modern Science

   The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)

   4) The Mind Has Nothing But Itself to Know Itself

   MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)

   5) To Know Is to Represent Accurately

   [Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)

   6) The Question of Mind in Relation to Machine

   Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)

   7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive Analyses

   Recent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have ﬂourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....

   Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.

   In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.

   The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)

   8) Approaches to the Study of the Mind

   Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.

... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind
12 design

dɪˈzaɪn
1. сущ.
1) замысел, план He has ambitious designs for his son. ≈ Он строит амбициозные планы, касающиеся сына. more by accident than design ≈ скорее случайно, чем по плану Syn: plan
1., project
1.
2) намерение, цель Happiness is the natural design of all the world. ≈ Счастье - естественная цель всех людей. by design Syn: plan
1., intention
3) замысел (тайно вынашиваемый план) ;
мн. умысел, интрига (on, against) sinister design ≈ коварные планы He has designs on the money. ≈ Он вынашивает нехорошие планы относительно денег. Syn: plot II
1.
4) чертеж, эскиз, набросок;
рисунок, узор Syn: delineation
5) модель, шаблон;
лежащая в основе схема;
композиция the general design of the epic ≈ общая композиция эпоса Syn: pattern
6) дизайн school of design ≈ школа дизайна
2. гл.
1) а) задумывать, придумывать, разрабатывать;
замышлять The family designed the house for their own needs. ≈ Семья проектировала дом специально для своих нужд и удобств. The mat has been designed specially for the children's room. ≈ Ковер был придуман специально для детской. He designed the perfect crime. ≈ Он замыслил идеальное преступление. Syn: plan
2., contrive, devise
2. б) намереваться, собираться (сделать что-л.) She designed to excel in her studies. ≈ Она намерена превзойти всех в учебе. Syn: intend, purpose
2. в) намереваться отправиться( for - куда-л.) The new Lord Lieutenant had at first designed for Munster. ≈ Новый лорд-наместник намеревался отправиться сначала в Манстер.
2) предназначать a book designed primarily as a college textbook ≈ книга, предназначенная преимущественно в качестве учебника для колледжей Syn: intend, destine
3) проектировать;
конструировать to design a building ≈ спроектировать здание This man designs dresses for the Queen. ≈ Этот человек придумывает туалеты для Королевы.
4) делать эскизы, наброски, создавать узоры и т. п. Syn: sketch, delineate, draw
2. замысел;
план - far-reaching *s далеко идущие замыслы - to have a * for /of/ an insurrection планировать восстание - to frustrate smb.'s *s сорвать чьи-л. замыслы /планы/ часто pl (злой) умысел - criminal * преступный замысел - to harbour *s вынашивать( коварные) замыслы - to have *s on /against/ smb. вынашивать коварные замыслы против кого-л. - to have *s on smb.'s life покушаться на чью-л. жизнь (религия) божье провидение, божий промыс(е) л цель, намерение - stern * твердое намерение - the *s of France намерения Франции - with this * с этой целью - with (a) * с намерением, с целью - without * без всякого намерения - by * намеренно;
преднамеренно, предумышленно - it was done by * это было сделано намеренно - my * was to go to London я собирался поехать в Лондон (творческий) замысел;
план, проект - the composer's * замысел композитора - conceptual * эскизный проект планирование - * of experiments планирование экспериментов (компьютерное) проектирование;
конструирование - computer * проектирование или конструирование вычислительных машин - * engineer( инженер-) конструктор - on-line * оперативное проектирование( в режиме взаимодействия человека с машиной) чертеж, эскиз;
конструкция;
проект;
расчет - antiseismic * антисейсмическая конструкция - * office конструкторское бюро - * drawing рабочий чертеж - * conditions исходные условия расчета - * load расчетная нагрузка( корабля, самолета) - * for a building чертеж здания рисунок, узор - * of flowers узор из цветов - (of) poor * плохо выполненный, бедный, бедного рисунка - (of) fine * прекрасно выполненный - arts of * изобразительные искусства - school of * школа изобразительных искусств, художественная школа модель - our latest * наша последняя модель - car of the latest * последняя модель автомобиля композиция - the picture lacks * в картине есть композиционные недостатки искусство композиции дизайн;
внешний вид, исполнение - industrial * промышленная эстетика - in marketing an article * is as important as construction для коммерческого успеха товара дизайн имеет такое же значение, как конструкция произведение искусства замышлять;
намереваться;
планировать предназначать - to * the room as /to be/ a study отвести комнату под кабинет - the books are *ed for the German reader книги предназначаются для /рассчитаны на / немецкого читателя составлять план, схему;
планировать, проектировать, конструировать - to * the construction of the docks проектировать строительство доков вынашивать замысел;
задумать - to * a book вынашивать замысел книги чертить;
вычерчивать схему заниматься проектированием, проектировать;
быть проектировщиком, конструктором - to * a building создать архитектурный проект здания создавать узор, рисунок, фасон и т. д. - to * a carpet создать узор для ковра - to * a dress придумать фасон платья исполнять, выполнять - the picture is superbly *ed картина выполнена великолепно - the new model is *ed much better в новом исполнении модель сильно выигрывает (книжное) собираться поехать - to * for France собираться во Францию architectural ~ вчт. проектирование архитектуры augmented ~ вчт. расширенный план block ~ вчт. блочная конструкция bottom-up ~ вчт. восходящее проектирование ~ намерение, цель;
by design намеренно, преднамеренно conceptual ~ вчт. концептуальное проектирование copyright ~ промышленный образец с авторским правом database ~ вчт. проектирование базы данных design дизайн ~ задумывать, замышлять, намереваться, предполагать;
we did not design this result мы не ожидали такого результата;
we designed for his good мы делали все для его блага ~ задумывать ~ замысел, план ~ замысел ~ замышлять ~ исполнять ~ композиция (картины и т. п.) ~ композиция ~ конструировать ~ конструкция ~ модель ~ намереваться ~ намерение, цель;
by design намеренно, преднамеренно ~ намерение ~ образец ~ план ~ планировать ~ предназначать;
this room is designed as a study эта комната предназначается для кабинета ~ проект;
план;
чертеж;
конструкция, расчет;
a design for a building проект здания ~ проект ~ проектирование ~ проектировать ~ вчт. разработка ~ расчет ~ рисовать, изображать;
делать эскизы (костюмов и т. п.) ~ рисунок, эскиз;
узор ~ рисунок ~ составлять план, проектировать;
конструировать ~ составлять план ~ вчт. схема ~ (тж. pl) (злой) умысел;
to have (или to harbour) designs (on (или against) smb.) вынашивать коварные замыслы (против кого-л.) ~ умысел ~ чертеж ~ чертить ~ эскиз ~ проект;
план;
чертеж;
конструкция, расчет;
a design for a building проект здания ~ for reliability надежностное проектирование ~ of typeface вчт. начертание шрифта detailed ~ вчт. рабочий проект dialog ~ вчт. проектирование диалога dialogue ~ вчт. проектирование диалога draft ~ вчт. эскизный проект external ~ вчт. внешний проект faulty ~ несовершенная конструкция flaw ~ вчт. недоработанный проект functional ~ вчт. функциональное проектирование graphic ~ рекл. красочное оформление ~ (тж. pl) (злой) умысел;
to have (или to harbour) designs (on (или against) smb.) вынашивать коварные замыслы (против кого-л.) industrial ~ проектирование промышленного объекта industrial ~ промышленный образец industrial ~ художественное конструирование interactive ~ вчт. интерактивное проектирование internal ~ вчт. внутренний проект job ~ характер работы joint venture ~ структура совместного предприятия layout ~ вчт. проектирование размещения logic ~ вчт. логическое проектирование logical ~ вчт. логическое проектирование modular ~ вчт. блочная конструкция package ~ дизайн упаковки pilot ~ вчт. опытная конструкция poor ~ вчт. некачественная конструкция preliminary ~ вчт. технический проект product ~ проектирование изделия program ~ вчт. проектирование программы proprietary ~ вчт. оригинальная разработка protected ~ охраняемый промышленный образец registered ~ внесенный в реестр промышленный образец registered ~ зарегистрированный промышленный образец repairable ~ вчт. устранимая недоработка sample ~ вчт. составление выборки structured ~ вчт. структурное проектирование systematic ~ вчт. системное проектирование ~ предназначать;
this room is designed as a study эта комната предназначается для кабинета top-down ~ вчт. нисходящее проектирование trial ~ вчт. пробная конструкция type ~ вчт. начертание шрифта uniprocessor ~ вчт. однопроцессорная конструкция view ~ вчт. проектирование представлений visual ~ вчт. визуальное конструирование ~ задумывать, замышлять, намереваться, предполагать;
we did not design this result мы не ожидали такого результата;
we designed for his good мы делали все для его блага ~ задумывать, замышлять, намереваться, предполагать;
we did not design this result мы не ожидали такого результата;
we designed for his good мы делали все для его блага

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > design
13 outline

контур имя существительное:
контур (circuit, contour, outline, path, profile, line)

план (plan, outline, blueprint, schedule, layout, scheme)

набросок (sketch, outline, draft, drawing, rough draft, study)

схема (scheme, circuit, diagram, schema, pattern, outline)

эскиз (sketch, design, draft, outline, study, rough draft)

очерк (essay, outline, feature article, study)

очертание (outline, shape, contour, cutout, form, configuration)

конспект (abstract, synopsis, summary, outline, compendium, precis)

абрис (outline, contour, cutout, delineation)
глагол:
очерчивать (outline, delineate, define, sketch)

наметить в общих чертах (outline)

обрисовывать (outline, depict, delineate, picture, feature, depicture)

рисовать контур (outline)

сделать набросок (touch off, outline)
имя прилагательное:
контурный (contour, outline, contoured, unshaded, in outline)

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > outline
14 design

дизайн имя существительное:
дизайн (design, styling)

разработка (development, design, elaboration, working, engineering, operation)

конструкция (design, construction, structure, construct, frame, framework)

проектирование (design, designing, engineering, planning, projection, graphics)

проект (project, draft, projection, design, plan, blueprint)

рисунок (drawing, pattern, picture, figure, design, illustration)

узор (pattern, design, tracery, weave)

план (plan, outline, blueprint, schedule, layout, design)

замысел (plan, design, intention, conception, aim, brainchild)

расчет (calculation, account, estimation, computation, design, accounting)

вид (view, form, kind, look, appearance, design)

эскиз (sketch, design, draft, outline, study, rough draft)

чертеж (drawing, figure, design, draft, plan, plot)

композиция (composition, design, contexture)

цель (goal, purpose, objective, aim, target, design)

намерение (intention, intent, plan, aim, purpose, design)

умысел (design, aforethought, spirit)

злой умысел (malice, device, design)

помысел (thought, design, tho')
глагол:
проектировать (design, project, engineer, plan, scheme)

разрабатывать (develop, design, elaborate, work, work out, devise)

конструировать (design, construct, develop)

предназначать (intend, design, destine, dedicate, assign, earmark)

рисовать (draw, depict, design, pencil, feature, take)

намереваться (intend, mean, plan, design, contemplate, set out)

задумывать (conceive, design, devise)

замышлять (scheme, compass, hatch, meditate, concoct, design)

изображать (depict, portray, represent, paint, describe, design)

предполагать (assume, guess, suppose, expect, suspect, design)

составлять план (plan, draft, frame a plan, plot, project, design)

быть конструктором (design)

делать эскиз (sketch, design)

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > design
15 form

1. noun
1) (type, style) Form, die

form of address — [Form der] Anrede

in human form — in menschlicher Gestalt; in Menschengestalt

in the form of — in Form von od. + Gen.

in book form — in Buchform; als Buch

2) no pl. (shape, visible aspect) Form, die; Gestalt, die

take form — Gestalt annehmen od. gewinnen

3) (printed sheet) Formular, das

4) (Brit. Sch.) Klasse, die

5) (bench) Bank, die

6) no pl., no indef. art. (Sport): (physical condition) Form, die

peak form — Bestform, die

out of form — außer Form; nicht in Form

in [good] form — (lit. or fig.) [gut] in Form

she was in great form at the party — (fig.) bei der Party war sie groß in Form

on/off form — (lit. or fig.) in/nicht in Form

7) (Sport): (previous record) bisherige Leistungen

on/judging by [past/present] form — (fig.) nach der Papierform

true to form — (fig.) wie üblich od. zu erwarten

8) (etiquette)

for the sake of form — der Form halber

good/bad form — gutes/schlechtes Benehmen

9) (figure) Gestalt, die

10) (Ling.) Form, die
2. transitive verb
1) (make; also Ling.) bilden

be formed from something — aus etwas entstehen

2) (shape, mould) formen, gestalten ( into zu); (fig.) formen [Charakter usw.]

3) sich (Dat.) bilden [Meinung, Urteil]; gewinnen [Eindruck]; fassen [Entschluss, Plan]; kommen zu [Schluss]; (acquire, develop) entwickeln [Vorliebe, Gewohnheit, Wunsch]; schließen [Freundschaft]

4) (constitute, compose, be, become) bilden

Schleswig once formed [a] part of Denmark — Schleswig war einmal ein Teil von Dänemark

5) (establish, set up) bilden [Regierung]; gründen [Bund, Verein, Firma, Partei, Gruppe]
3. intransitive verb
(come into being) sich bilden; [Idee:] sich formen, Gestalt annehmen

* * *
I 1. [fo:m] noun
1) ((a) shape; outward appearance: He saw a strange form in the darkness.) die Form, die Gestalt

2) (a kind, type or variety: What form of ceremony usually takes place when someone gets a promotion?) die Art

3) (a document containing certain questions, the answers to which must be written on it: an application form.) das Formular

4) (a fixed way of doing things: forms and ceremonies.) die Formalität

5) (a school class: He is in the sixth form.) die Klasse
2. verb
1) (to make; to cause to take shape: They decided to form a drama group.) bilden, gründen

2) (to come into existence; to take shape: An idea slowly formed in his mind.) Gestalt annehmen

3) (to organize or arrange (oneself or other people) into a particular order: The women formed (themselves) into three groups.) formieren

4) (to be; to make up: These lectures form part of the medical course.) bilden

•

- academic.ru/28940/formation">formation
- be in good form
- in the form of II [fo:m] noun
(a long, usually wooden seat: The children were sitting on forms.) die Bank

* * *

form

[fɔ:m, AM fɔ:rm]

I. n

1. (type, variety) Form f, Art f; of a disease Erscheinungsbild nt; of energy Typ m

the dictionary is also available in electronic \form es ist auch eine elektronische Version des Wörterbuchs erhältlich

flu can take several different \forms eine Grippe kann sich in verschiedenen Formen äußern

art \form Kunstform f

\form of exercise Sportart f

\form of government Regierungsform f

\form of a language Sprachvariante f

life \form Lebensform f

\form of transport Transportart f

\forms of worship Formen fpl der Gottesverehrung

2. no pl (particular way) Form f, Gestalt f

support in the \form of money Unterstützung in Form von Geld

help in the \form of two police officers Hilfe in Gestalt von zwei Polizeibeamten

the training programme takes the \form of a series of workshops die Schulung wird in Form einer Serie von Workshops abgehalten

in any [shape or] \form in jeglicher Form

he's opposed to censorship in any shape or \form er ist gegen jegliche Art von Zensur

in some \form or other auf die eine oder andere Art

3. (document) Formular nt

application \form Bewerbungsbogen m

booking \form BRIT

reservation \form AM Buchungsformular nt

entry \form Anmeldeformular m

order \form Bestellschein m

printed \form Vordruck m

to complete [or esp BRIT fill in] [or esp AM fill out] a \form ein Formular ausfüllen

4. (shape) Form f; of a person Gestalt f

her slender \form ihre schlanke Gestalt

the lawn was laid out in the \form of a figure eight der Rasen war in Form einer Acht angelegt

they made out a shadowy \form in front of them vor ihnen konnten sie den Umriss einer Gestalt ausmachen

the human \form die menschliche Gestalt

to take \form Form [o Gestalt] annehmen

5. no pl ART, LIT, MUS (arrangement of parts) Form f

\form and content Form und Inhalt

shape and \form Form und Gestalt

6. no pl (physical condition) Form f, Kondition f

I really need to get back in \form ich muss wirklich mal wieder etwas für meine Kondition tun

to be in excellent [or superb] \form in Topform sein

to be in good \form [gut] in Form sein

to be out of \form nicht in Form sein

7. no pl (performance) Leistung f

the whole team was on good \form die ganze Mannschaft zeigte vollen Einsatz

she was in great \form at her wedding party bei ihrer Hochzeitsfeier war sie ganz in ihrem Element

8. SPORT (in horse racing) Form f fachspr

Sunset's recent \forms are excellent die letzten Formen von Sunset sind hervorragend

to study the \form die Form prüfen

9. no pl esp BRIT (procedure) Form f; BRIT

what's the \form? was ist üblich [o das übliche Verfahren]?

conventional social \forms konventionelle Formen gesellschaftlichen Umgangs

a matter of \form eine Formsache

partners of employees are invited as a matter of \form die Partner der Angestellten werden der Form halber eingeladen

for \form['s sake] aus Formgründen

to be good/bad \form BRIT ( dated) sich gehören/nicht gehören

in due [or proper] \form formgerecht

to run true to \form wie zu erwarten [ver]laufen

true to \form he arrived an hour late wie immer kam er eine Stunde zu spät

10. esp BRIT SCH (class) Klasse f; (secondary year group) Jahrgangsstufe f

11. LING Form f

what's the infinitive \form of the verb? wie lautet der Infinitiv von dem Verb?

12. no pl BRIT (sl: criminal record) Vorstrafenregister nt

to have \form vorbestraft sein

13. esp AM TYPO (forme)

[printing] \form [Satz]form f

14. TECH (shuttering) Verschalung f fachspr

15. BRIT HUNT (hare's lair) Sasse f fachspr

16. BOT Form f, Forma f fachspr

17. (formula) Formel f

18. PHILOS Form f

matter and \form Stoff und Form

19.

▶ attack is the best \form of defence ( saying) Angriff ist die beste Verteidigung prov

II. vt

1. (shape)

▪ to \form sth etw formen

\form the dough into balls den Teig zu Bällchen formen

these islands were \formed as a result of a series of volcanic eruptions diese Inseln entstanden durch eine Reihe von Vulkanausbrüchen

2. (arrange)

▪ to \form sth etw bilden

they \formed themselves into three lines sie stellten sich in drei Reihen auf

to \form a circle/queue einen Kreis/eine Schlange bilden

to \form groups Gruppen bilden

3. (set up)

▪ to \form sth etw gründen

the company was \formed in 1892 die Firma wurde 1892 gegründet

they \formed themselves into a pressure group sie gründeten eine Pressuregroup

to \form an alliance with sb sich akk mit jdm verbünden

to \form a band eine Band gründen

to \form committee/government ein Komitee/eine Regierung bilden

to \form friendships Freundschaften schließen

to \form an opinion about sth sich dat eine Meinung über etw akk bilden

a newly-\formed political party eine neu gegründete politische Partei

to \form a relationship eine Verbindung eingehen

4. (constitute)

▪ to \form sth etw bilden [o darstellen]

the trees \form a natural protection from the sun's rays die Bäume stellen einen natürlichen Schutz gegen die Sonnenstrahlen dar

to \form the basis of sth die Grundlage einer S. gen bilden

to \form the core [or nucleus] of sth den Kern einer S. gen bilden

to \form part of sth Teil einer S. gen sein

5. LING

to \form a sentence/the past tense/a new word einen Satz/die Vergangenheit[szeit]/ein neues Wort bilden

6. ( form: influence)

▪ to \form sth/sb etw/jdn formen

the media play an important role in \forming public opinion die Medien spielen eine große Rolle bei der öffentlichen Meinungsbildung

to \form sb's character jds Charakter formen

III. vi sich akk bilden; idea, plan Gestalt annehmen

▪ to \form into sth sich akk zu etw akk formen

his strong features \formed into a smile of pleasure ein vergnügtes Lächeln legte sich auf seine markanten Züge

* * *
[fɔːm]
1. n

1) Form f

form of government — Regierungsform f

form of life — Lebensform

the various forms of energy — die verschiedenen Energieformen

form of address — Anrede f

to choose another form of words — es anders formulieren

forms of worship — Formen pl der Gottesverehrung

a form of apology —

a form of punishment — eine Form or Art der Bestrafung

2) (= condition, style, guise) Form f, Gestalt f

in the form of — in Form von or +gen; (with reference to people) in Gestalt von or +gen

medicine in tablet form — Arznei in Tablettenform

water in the form of ice —

the same thing in a new form — das Gleiche in neuer Form or Gestalt

the first prize will take the form of a trip to Rome — der erste Preis ist eine Reise nach Rom

their discontent took various forms — ihre Unzufriedenheit äußerte sich in verschiedenen Formen

her letters are to be published in book form — ihre Briefe sollen in Buchform or als Buch erscheinen

3) (= shape) Form f; (of person) Gestalt f

to take form (lit, fig) — Form or Gestalt annehmen

4) (ART, MUS, LITER: structure) Form f

form and content — Form und Inhalt

5) (PHILOS) Form f

the world of forms — die Ideenwelt

6) (GRAM) Form f

the plural form — die Pluralform, der Plural

7) no pl (= etiquette) (Umgangs)form f

he did it for form's sake — er tat es der Form halber

it's bad form — so etwas tut man einfach nicht

what's the form? (inf) — was ist üblich?

8) (= document) Formular nt, Vordruck m

printed form — vorgedrucktes Formular

9) (= physical condition) Form f, Verfassung f

to be in fine or good form — gut in Form sein, in guter Form or Verfassung sein

to be on/off form — in/nicht in or außer Form sein

to be on top form — in Höchstform sein

he was in great form that evening —

to study (the) form (Horse-racing) — die Form prüfen

past form — Papierform f

on past form — auf dem Papier

10) (esp Brit: bench) Bank f

11) (Brit SCH) Klasse f

12) no pl (Brit inf

= criminal record) to have form — vorbestraft sein

13) (TECH: mould) Form f

14)

See:

= forme

15) (of hare) Nest nt, Sasse f (spec)

2. vt

1) (= shape) formen, gestalten (into zu); (GRAM) plural, negative bilden

he forms his sentences well — er bildet wohlgeformte Sätze

2) (= train, mould) child, sb's character formen

3) (= develop) liking, desire, idea, habit entwickeln; friendship schließen, anknüpfen; opinion sich (dat) bilden; impression gewinnen; plan ausdenken, entwerfen

4) (= set up, organize) government, committee bilden; company, society, political party gründen, ins Leben rufen

5) (= constitute, make up) part, basis bilden

the committee is formed of... — der Ausschuss wird von... gebildet

6) (= take the shape or order of) circle, pattern bilden

or line (US) — eine Schlange bilden

3. vi

1) (= take shape) Gestalt annehmen

an idea formed in my mind — eine Idee nahm Gestalt an

2) (ESP MIL) sich aufstellen or formieren, antreten

/into two lines —

to form into a square to form into battle order — sich im Karree aufstellen sich zur Schlachtordnung formieren

* * *

form [fɔː(r)m]

A s

1. Form f, Gestalt f:

take form Form oder Gestalt annehmen (a. fig);

in the form of in Form von (od gen);

in tablet form in Tablettenform

2. TECH Form f:

a) Fasson f

b) Schablone f

3. Form f:

a) Art f:

form of government Regierungsform;

forms of life Lebensformen; → address B 1

b) Art f und Weise f, Verfahrensweise f

c) System n, Schema n: → due A 10

4. Formular n, Vordruck m:

form letter Schemabrief m

5. (literarische etc) Form

6. Form f ( auch LING), Fassung f (eines Textes etc):

form class LING

a) Wortart f,

b) morphologische Klasse

7. PHIL Form f:

a) Wesen n, Natur f

b) Gestalt f

c) Platonismus: Idee f

8. Erscheinungsform f, -weise f

9. Sitte f, Brauch m

10. (herkömmliche) gesellschaftliche Form, Manieren pl, Benehmen n:

good (bad) form guter (schlechter) Ton;

it is good (bad) form es gehört sich (nicht);

for form’s sake der Form halber

11. Formalität f: → matter A 3

12. Zeremonie f

13. MATH, TECH Formel f:

form of oath JUR Eidesformel

14. (körperliche oder geistige) Verfassung, Form f:

on form der Form nach;

on (bes US in) (in bad, out of, off) form (nicht) in Form;

feel in good form sich gut in Form fühlen;

at the top of one’s form, in great form in Hochform;

be in very poor form in einem Formtief stecken

15. a) ( besonders lange) Bank (ohne Rückenlehne)

b) Br obs (Schul) Bank f

16. besonders Br (Schul) Klasse f:

form master (mistress) Klassenlehrer(in)

17. Br meist forme TYPO (Druck)Form f

18. Br sl Vorstrafen(liste) pl(f):

he’s got form er ist vorbestraft

B v/i

1. formen, gestalten ( beide:

into zu;

after, on, upon nach):

form a government eine Regierung bilden;

form a company eine Gesellschaft gründen;

they formed themselves into groups sie schlossen sich zu Gruppen zusammen;

they formed themselves into two groups sie bildeten zwei Gruppen

2. den Charakter etc formen, bilden

3. a) einen Teil etc bilden, ausmachen, darstellen

b) dienen als

4. (an)ordnen, zusammenstellen

5. MIL (into) formieren (in akk), aufstellen (in dat)

6. einen Plan etc fassen, entwerfen, ersinnen

7. sich eine Meinung bilden: → idea 1

8. Freundschaft etc schließen

9. eine Gewohnheit annehmen

10. LING Wörter bilden

11. TECH (ver)formen, fassonieren, formieren

C v/i

1. Form oder Gestalt annehmen, sich formen, sich gestalten, sich bilden, entstehen (alle auch fig)

2. auch form up MIL antreten, sich formieren ( into in akk)

* * *
1. noun
1) (type, style) Form, die

form of address — [Form der] Anrede

in human form — in menschlicher Gestalt; in Menschengestalt

in the form of — in Form von od. + Gen.

in book form — in Buchform; als Buch

2) no pl. (shape, visible aspect) Form, die; Gestalt, die

take form — Gestalt annehmen od. gewinnen

3) (printed sheet) Formular, das

4) (Brit. Sch.) Klasse, die

5) (bench) Bank, die

6) no pl., no indef. art. (Sport): (physical condition) Form, die

peak form — Bestform, die

out of form — außer Form; nicht in Form

in [good] form — (lit. or fig.) [gut] in Form

she was in great form at the party — (fig.) bei der Party war sie groß in Form

on/off form — (lit. or fig.) in/nicht in Form

7) (Sport): (previous record) bisherige Leistungen

on/judging by [past/present] form — (fig.) nach der Papierform

true to form — (fig.) wie üblich od. zu erwarten

8) (etiquette)

for the sake of form — der Form halber

good/bad form — gutes/schlechtes Benehmen

9) (figure) Gestalt, die

10) (Ling.) Form, die
2. transitive verb
1) (make; also Ling.) bilden

be formed from something — aus etwas entstehen

2) (shape, mould) formen, gestalten ( into zu); (fig.) formen [Charakter usw.]

3) sich (Dat.) bilden [Meinung, Urteil]; gewinnen [Eindruck]; fassen [Entschluss, Plan]; kommen zu [Schluss]; (acquire, develop) entwickeln [Vorliebe, Gewohnheit, Wunsch]; schließen [Freundschaft]

4) (constitute, compose, be, become) bilden

Schleswig once formed [a] part of Denmark — Schleswig war einmal ein Teil von Dänemark

5) (establish, set up) bilden [Regierung]; gründen [Bund, Verein, Firma, Partei, Gruppe]
3. intransitive verb
(come into being) sich bilden; [Idee:] sich formen, Gestalt annehmen

* * *

(class) (school) n.

Schulklasse f. n.

Form -en f.

Formblatt n.

Formular -e n.

Gattung -en f.

Gestalt -en f.

Schalung -en f. (seating) n.

Schulbank m. v.

bilden v.

formen v.

gestalten v.

English-german dictionary > form
16 music

noun

1) Musik, die

make music — Musik machen; musizieren

piece of music — Musikstück, das; Musik, die

set or put something to music — etwas vertonen od. in Musik setzen

be music to somebody's ears — (fig. coll.) Musik in jemandes Ohren sein (ugs.); see also academic.ru/26108/face">face 2. 3)

2) (score) Noten Pl.; (as merchandise also) Musikalien Pl.

sheet of music — Notenblatt, das

* * *
['mju:zik] 1. noun
1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; ( also adjective) a music lesson.) die Musik; Musik-...

2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) die Noten (pl.)

•

- musical
2. noun
(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) das Musical

- musically
- musician
* * *

mu·sic

[ˈmju:zɪk]

n no pl

1. (pattern of sounds) Musik f

it is \music to my ears oh, das ist Musik in meinen Ohren

pop \music Popmusik f

rock 'n' roll \music Rock 'n' Roll m

classical \music klassische Musik

to make \music Musik machen, musizieren

to put on \music [etwas] Musik auflegen

2. no pl SCH, UNIV (study of music) Musik f

to study \music Musik studieren

3. (notes) Noten pl

to read \music Noten lesen

* * *
['mjuːzɪk]
n
Musik f; (of voice) Musikalität f; (= written score) Noten pl
I can't read music — ich kann keine Noten lesen

do you use music? — spielen/singen Sie nach Noten?

to set or put sth to music — etw vertonen

it was ( like) music to my ears — das war Musik für mich or in meinen Ohren

to face the music (fig) — dafür gradestehen

* * *

music [ˈmjuːzık] s

1. Musik f:

music for wind Blasmusik;

play music Musik machen, musizieren;

shall I put on some music? soll ich ein bisschen Musik machen?;

set ( oder put) sth to music etwas vertonen;

that’s music to my ears das ist Musik in meinen Ohren;

face the music umg die Suppe(, die man sich eingebrockt hat,) auslöffeln

2. a) Musikstück n, Komposition f

b) koll Kompositionen pl

3. Noten(blatt) pl(n):

play from music vom Blatt spielen;

can you read music? kannst du Noten lesen?

4. koll Musikalien pl

5. fig Musik f, Wohllaut m, Gesang m:

the music of the birds der Gesang der Vögel

6. Musikalität f

7. JAGD Geläute n, Gebell n der Jagdhunde

8. (Musik-)Kapelle f, Orchester n

mus. abk

1. museum

2. music

3. musical

4. musician

* * *

noun

1) Musik, die

make music — Musik machen; musizieren

piece of music — Musikstück, das; Musik, die

set or put something to music — etwas vertonen od. in Musik setzen

be music to somebody's ears — (fig. coll.) Musik in jemandes Ohren sein (ugs.); see also face 2. 3)

2) (score) Noten Pl.; (as merchandise also) Musikalien Pl.

sheet of music — Notenblatt, das

* * *

n.

Musik -en f.

English-german dictionary > music
17 music

mu·sic [ʼmju:zɪk] n

no pl

1) ( pattern of sounds) Musik f;

it is \music to my ears oh, das ist Musik in meinen Ohren;

pop \music Popmusik f;

rock 'n' roll \music Rock 'n' Roll m;

classical \music klassische Musik;

to make \music Musik machen, musizieren;

to put on \music [etwas] Musik auflegen

2) no pl sch, univ ( study of music) Musik f;

to study \music Musik studieren

3) ( notes) Noten fpl;

to read \music Noten lesen

English-German students dictionary > music
18 draft

проект имя существительное:
проект (project, draft, projection, design, plan, blueprint)

осадка (draft, upset, settlement, immersion, setting, sinking)

черновик (draft, rough copy, foul copy, draught)

тяга (rod, traction, draft, pull, draw, thirst)

набросок (sketch, outline, draft, drawing, rough draft, study)

сквозняк (draft, draught)

призыв (CALL, appeal, plea, exhortation, draft, slogan)

эскиз (sketch, design, draft, outline, study, rough draft)

чертеж (drawing, figure, design, draft, plan, plot)

план (plan, outline, blueprint, schedule, layout, draft)

глоток (sip, drink, gulp, mouthful, swallow, draft)

тратта (draft, bill of exchange, bill, bank bill, draught)

чек (check, draft, tab, cheque, draught)

вытяжка (drawing, extract, abstract, draught)

уклон (skew, slope, bias, deviation, gradient, draft)

водоизмещение (displacement, draught)

осадка судна (sea gauge, draught)

рисунок (drawing, pattern, picture, figure, design, draft)

призыв в армию (draft)

дутье (blast, blowing, blow, blasting, draft, air blast)

конусность (taper, draft, obliquity)

отбор (selection, screening, choice, picking, pick, draught)

порыв (impulse, gust, fit, burst, puff, draft)

тяговое усилие (draft, draught)

порция (portion, serving, dose, helping, ration, feed)

улов (catch, haul, take, taking, draught)

тяга воздуха (draft, draught)

доза жидкого лекарства (draught)

упряжь (harness, gear, draught)

подкрепление (reinforcement, confirmation, refreshment, relief, draft, recruitment)

затяжка (toke, tie, drag, pull, draw, whiff)

забрасывание невода (draft, draught)

закидывание невода (draft, draught)

сужение (constriction, contraction, waist, stenosis, stricture, draft)

нацеживание (draught)

упряжка (team, rig, draught)

отряд (detachment, squad, troop, party, band, draft)

получение по чеку (draft, draught)

вербовка (recruitment, enrollment, draft, enrolment)

впитывание (absorption, soak, imbibition, adsorption, draught)

тоня (fishing, fishery, haul, draught)

склонность (tendency, propensity, inclination, penchant, addiction, bent)

отбор для специальной цели (draft)

растягивание (stretching, stretch, spreading, expansion, enlargement, dilatation)

волдырь (blister, weal, bleb, bulla, draught)

скидка на провес (draft)

импульс (pulse, momentum, impulse, impetus, impact, impulsion)

доля (share, proportion, fraction, percentage, portion, part)
имя прилагательное:
тягловый (draft, draught)

тяговый (draft, draught)
глагол:
призывать (call, call on, invoke, summon, draft, call up)

чертить (draw, plot, trace, draft, protract, draught)

набрасывать черновик (draft, draught)

набрасывать (throw, draw, draft, chalk out, throw on, trace)

отцеживать (strain off, run off, draft, draught)

выделять (emit, distinguish, secrete, give out, excrete, draft)

цедить (strain, draft, draught)

составлять план (plan, draft, frame a plan, plot, project, scheme)

составлять законопроект (draft, draught)

маркировать (mark, draft, draught)

выбраковывать (draft, cast out, draught)

делать чертеж (draft, draught)

производить отбор (draft, draught)

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > draft
19 draught

проект имя существительное:
проект (project, draft, projection, design, plan, blueprint)

осадка (draft, upset, settlement, immersion, setting, sinking)

черновик (draft, rough copy, foul copy, draught)

тяга (rod, traction, draft, pull, draw, thirst)

набросок (sketch, outline, draft, drawing, rough draft, study)

сквозняк (draft, draught)

призыв (CALL, appeal, plea, exhortation, draft, slogan)

эскиз (sketch, design, draft, outline, study, rough draft)

чертеж (drawing, figure, design, draft, plan, plot)

план (plan, outline, blueprint, schedule, layout, draft)

глоток (sip, drink, gulp, mouthful, swallow, draft)

тратта (draft, bill of exchange, bill, bank bill, draught)

чек (check, draft, tab, cheque, draught)

вытяжка (drawing, extract, abstract, draught)

уклон (skew, slope, bias, deviation, gradient, draft)

водоизмещение (displacement, draught)

осадка судна (sea gauge, draught)

рисунок (drawing, pattern, picture, figure, design, draft)

призыв в армию (draft)

дутье (blast, blowing, blow, blasting, draft, air blast)

конусность (taper, draft, obliquity)

отбор (selection, screening, choice, picking, pick, draught)

порыв (impulse, gust, fit, burst, puff, draft)

тяговое усилие (draft, draught)

порция (portion, serving, dose, helping, ration, feed)

улов (catch, haul, take, taking, draught)

тяга воздуха (draft, draught)

доза жидкого лекарства (draught)

упряжь (harness, gear, draught)

подкрепление (reinforcement, confirmation, refreshment, relief, draft, recruitment)

затяжка (toke, tie, drag, pull, draw, whiff)

забрасывание невода (draft, draught)

закидывание невода (draft, draught)

сужение (constriction, contraction, waist, stenosis, stricture, draft)

нацеживание (draught)

упряжка (team, rig, draught)

отряд (detachment, squad, troop, party, band, draft)

получение по чеку (draft, draught)

вербовка (recruitment, enrollment, draft, enrolment)

впитывание (absorption, soak, imbibition, adsorption, draught)

тоня (fishing, fishery, haul, draught)

склонность (tendency, propensity, inclination, penchant, addiction, bent)

отбор для специальной цели (draft)

растягивание (stretching, stretch, spreading, expansion, enlargement, dilatation)

волдырь (blister, weal, bleb, bulla, draught)

скидка на провес (draft)

импульс (pulse, momentum, impulse, impetus, impact, impulsion)

доля (share, proportion, fraction, percentage, portion, part)
имя прилагательное:
тягловый (draft, draught)

тяговый (draft, draught)
глагол:
призывать (call, call on, invoke, summon, draft, call up)

чертить (draw, plot, trace, draft, protract, draught)

набрасывать черновик (draft, draught)

набрасывать (throw, draw, draft, chalk out, throw on, trace)

отцеживать (strain off, run off, draft, draught)

выделять (emit, distinguish, secrete, give out, excrete, draft)

цедить (strain, draft, draught)

составлять план (plan, draft, frame a plan, plot, project, scheme)

составлять законопроект (draft, draught)

маркировать (mark, draft, draught)

выбраковывать (draft, cast out, draught)

делать чертеж (draft, draught)

производить отбор (draft, draught)

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > draught
20 Taylor, Frederick Winslow

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering

[br]

b. 20 March 1856 Germantown, Pennsylvania, USA

d. 21 March 1915 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

[br]

American mechanical engineer and pioneer of scientific management.

[br]

Frederick W.Taylor received his early education from his mother, followed by some years of schooling in France and Germany. Then in 1872 he entered Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, to prepare for Harvard Law School, as it was intended that he should follow his father's profession. However, in 1874 he had to abandon his studies because of poor eyesight, and he began an apprenticeship at a pump-manufacturing works in Philadelphia learning the trades of pattern-maker and machinist. On its completion in 1878 he joined the Midvale Steel Company, at first as a labourer but then as Shop Clerk and Foreman, finally becoming Chief Engineer in 1884. At the same time he was able to resume study in the evenings at the Stevens Institute of Technology, and in 1883 he obtained the degree of Mechanical Engineer (ME). He also found time to take part in amateur sport and in 1881 he won the tennis doubles championship of the United States.

It was while with the Midvale Steel Company that Taylor began the systematic study of workshop management, and the application of his techniques produced significant increases in the company's output and productivity. In 1890 he became Manager of a company operating large paper mills in Maine and Wisconsin, until 1893 when he set up on his own account as a consulting engineer specializing in management organization. In 1898 he was retained exclusively by the Bethlehem Steel Company, and there continued his work on the metal-cutting process that he had started at Midvale. In collaboration with J.Maunsel White (1856–1912) he developed high-speed tool steels and their heat treatment which increased cutting capacity by up to 300 per cent. He resigned from the Bethlehem Steel Company in 1901 and devoted the remainder of his life to expounding the principles of scientific management which became known as "Taylorism". The Society to Promote the Science of Management was established in 1911, renamed the Taylor Society after his death. He was an active member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was its President in 1906; his presidential address "On the Art of Cutting Metals" was reprinted in book form.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Paris Exposition Gold Medal 1900. Franklin Institute Elliott Cresson Gold Medal 1900. President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1906. Hon. ScD, University of Pennsylvania 1906. Hon. LLD, Hobart College 1912.

Bibliography

F.W.Taylor was the author of about 100 patents, several papers to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, On the Art of Cutting Metals (1907, New York) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911, New York) and, with S.E.Thompson, 1905 A Treatise on Concrete, New York, and Concrete Costs, 1912, New York.

Further Reading

The standard biography is Frank B.Copley, 1923, Frederick W.Taylor, Father of Scientific Management, New York (reprinted 1969, New York) and there have been numerous commentaries on his work: see, for example, Daniel Nelson, 1980, Frederick W.Taylor and the Rise of Scientific Management, Madison, Wis.

RTS

Biographical history of technology > Taylor, Frederick Winslow

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