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  • 21 censeo

    1.
    cēnseo (on the long e, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 257 sq.), ui, censum (late Lat. censitum, Cod. Just. 11, 47 tit.; 11, 49 tit.; 11, 47, 4 al.; but not in Monum. Ancyr.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 557), 2, v. a. [etym. dub.; often referred to root cas-, whence carmen, camoenus; but prob. from centum, orig. centere, to hundred or number the people; cf. Fischer, Gram. 1, p. 373].
    I.
    To tax, assess, rate, estimate.
    A.
    In reference to the census (v. census).
    1.
    Of the censor (v. censor).
    (α).
    Rarely act. with acc. of the persons or objects assessed or rated; but usu. pass., with subj. -nom.:

    censores populi aevitates, suboles, familias, pecuniasque censento,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

    census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 30:

    censor ad quojus censionem, id est arbitrium, populus censeretur,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Mull.:

    census... indicat eum qui sit census se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

    Cic. Arch. 5, 11: absentis censere jubere, P. Scipio ap. Gell. 5, 19, 16: ne absens censeare. Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8:

    sub lustrum censeri,

    id. ib.:

    milia octoginta eo lustro civium censa dicuntur,

    Liv. 1, 44, 2:

    censa civium capita centum septendecim milia trecenta undeviginti,

    id. 3, 24, 10; id. Epit. lib. 11; 13; 14:

    censebantur ejus aetatis lustris ducena quinquagena milia capitum,

    id. 9, 19, 2:

    cum capitum liberorum censa essent CLII. milia,

    Plin. 33, 1, 5, § 16: quid se vivere, quid in parte civium censeri, si... id obtinere universi non possint? Liv 7, 18, 5.—
    (β).
    With the amount at which the property was rated, in the acc.: or abl.:

    praesertim census equestrem Summam nummorum,

    being assessed with the estate necessary to a Roman knight, Hor. A. P. 383:

    primae classis homines quicentum et viginti quinque milia aeris ampliusve censi erant... Ceterarumque omnium classium qui minore summa aeris censebantur,

    Gell. 7 (6), 13, 1 sq.—Hence, capite censi, those who were assessed ac cording to their ability to labor: qui nullo [p. 312] aut perquam parvo aere censebantur capite censi vocabantur. Extremus autem census capite censorum aeris fuit trecentis septuaginta quinque, Jul. Paul. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 10; Sall. J. 86, 2; Gell. 16, 10, 11; 16, 10, 14; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1; 7, 6, 1;

    and in the finite verb: omnia illius (i. e. sapientis) esse dicimus, cum... capite censebitur,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 1. —
    (γ).
    Absol. in gerund.: censendi, censendo, ad censendum = census agendi, censui agendo, etc.: haec frequentia quae convenit ludorum censendique causa (i.e. census agendi causa, for the sake of the census), Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54:

    mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem operosam... suo proprio magistratu egere... cui arbitrium formulae censendi subiceretur,

    the scheme for taking the census, Liv. 4, 8, 4:

    quia is censendo finis factus est,

    id. 1, 44, 2:

    civis Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocarunt,

    Vell. 2, 15:

    aetatem in censendo significare necesse est... aetas autem spectatur censendi tempore,

    Dig. 50, 15, 3.—
    (δ).
    Censum censere = censum agere, only in the gerundial dat.:

    illud quaero, sintne illa praedia censui censendo, habeant jus civile,

    are they subject to the census, Cic. Fl. 32, 80: censores... edixerunt, legem censui censendo dicturos esse ut, etc., that he would add a rule for the taking of the census, according to which, etc., Liv. 43, 14, 5: censui censendo agri proprie appellantur qui et emi et venire jure civili possunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 5 Mull.—
    2.
    Of the assessment of the provinces under provincial officers (censores, and, under the later emperors, censitores).
    (α).
    Pass., with the territory as subject-nom.: quinto quoque anno Sicilia tota censetur;

    erat censa praetore Paeducaeo... quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset, censa denuo est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139:

    omne territorium censeatur quoties, etc.,

    Cod. Just. 11, 58 (57), 4.—
    (β).
    The persons assessed as subject:

    ubi (coloni) censiti atque educati natique sunt,

    Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 6:

    quos in locis eisdem censitos esse constabit,

    ib. 11, 48 (47), 4.—With part. as attribute:

    rusticos censitosque servos vendi,

    Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7.—
    (γ).
    To determine by the census:

    cum antea per singulos viros, per binas vero mulieres capitis norma sit censa,

    Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 10:

    nisi forte privilegio aliquo materna origo censeatur,

    Dig. 50, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (δ).
    Act. with acc.:

    vos terras vestras levari censitione vultis, ego vero etiam aerem vestrum censere vellem,

    Spart. Pescen. Nig. 7.—
    3.
    Of the person assessed, to value, make a statement of one ' s property in the census.
    (α).
    Act. with acc.:

    in qua tribu ista praedia censuisti?

    Cic. Fl. 32, 80.—
    (β).
    Censeri, as dep. with acc.:

    census es praeterea numeratae pecuniae CXXX. Census es mancipia Amyntae... Cum te audisset servos suos esse censum, constabat inter omnes, si aliena censendo Decianus sua facere posset, etc.,

    Cic. Fl. 32, 80; cf. Ov. P. 1, 2, 140; v. B. 2. c.—
    4.
    Hence, subst.: cēnsum, i, n.: quorum luxuries fortunata censa peperit, i.e. high estimates of property in the census, Cic. ap. Non. 202, 23 (Fragm. vol. xi. p. 134 B. and K.).
    B.
    Transf., of things and persons in gen., to value, estimate, rate.
    1.
    By a figure directly referring to the Roman census: aequo mendicus atque ille opulentissimus Censetur censu ad Acheruntem mortuus, will be rated by an equal census, i.e. in the same class, without considering their property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 93: vos qui potestis ope vostra censerier, referring to a part of the audience, you, who may be rated according to your intelligence, analog. to capite censi (v. I. A. 1. b), id. Capt. prol. 15:

    nam argumentum hoc hic censebitur,

    will be rated, its census-class will be determined here, id. Poen. prol. 56: id in quoque optimum esse debet cui nascitur, quo censetur, according to which he is rated, i.e. his worth is determined, Sen. Ep. 76, 8.—And with two acc.: quintus Phosphorus, Junonia, immo Veneris stella censetur, is ranked as the fifth, App. de Mundo, p. 710.—
    2.
    With direct reference to the census.
    a.
    = aestimo, to estimate, weigh, value, appreciate.
    (α).
    With gen. of price:

    dic ergo quanti censes?

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 8.—
    (β).
    In the pass.: si censenda nobis atque aestimanda res sit, utrum tandem pluris aestimemus pecuniam Pyrrhi? etc., if we have to weigh and estimate a thing, etc., Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48:

    anule... In quo censendum nil nisi dantis amor,

    Ov. Am. 2, 15, 2:

    interim autem facta sola censenda dicit atque in judicium vocanda,

    Gell. 7 (6), 3, 47.—
    b.
    = honorari, celebrari, with de aliquo, = for the sake of somebody (in Ovid):

    pro quibus ut maneat, de quo censeris, amicus, Comprecor, etc.,

    the friend for the sake of whom you are celebrated, who is the cause of your renown, Ov. P. 2, 5, 73:

    hoc domui debes de qua censeris,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 75.—
    c.
    Censeri, dep., = to distinguish, with acc. only once or twice in Ovid (v. I. A. 3. b):

    hanc semper... Est inter comites Marcia censa suas,

    has always distinguished her, Ov. P. 1, 2, 140.—
    d.
    Censeri aliqua re.
    (α).
    = to be appreciated, distinguished, celebrated for some quality, as if the quality were a standard determining the census, analog. to capite censeri (v. I. A. 1. b), very freq. in post-class. writings:

    Democritus cum divitiis censeri posset,

    when he might have been celebrated for his wealth, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 4:

    Aristides quo totius Graeciae justitia censetur (quo = cujus justitia),

    id. 5, 3, ext. 3 med.: te custode matronalis stola censetur ( = tua, i.e. pudicitiae, custodia), the stola, etc., is appreciated for thy custody, id. 6, 1 prooem.:

    una adhuc victoria Carius Metius censebatur,

    Tac. Agr. 45:

    ut ipsi quoque qui egerunt non aliis magis orationibus censeantur,

    id. Dial. 39 fin.: non vitibus tantum censeri Chium, sed et operibus Anthermi filiorum, is celebrated not only for its grapes, but, etc., Plin. 36, 5, 2, § 12:

    et Galliae censentur hoc reditu,

    id. 19, 1, 2, § 7:

    quisquis paulo vetustior miles, hic te commilitone censetur,

    is distinguished for the fact that you were his fellow-soldier, Plin. Pan. 15 fin.:

    multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur,

    Suet. Gram. 10:

    felix quae tali censetur munere tellus,

    Mart. 9, 16, 5: censetur Apona Livio suo tellus, = for the fact that Livy was born there, id. 1, 61, 3:

    hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi,

    for the fact that Nestor used them, id. 8, 6, 9:

    nec laude virorum censeri contenta fuit (Iberia),

    Claud. Laud. Seren. 67:

    libri mei non alia laude carius censentur, quam quod judicio vestro comprobantur,

    App. Flor. 4, 18, 3.—Hence,
    (β).
    = to be known by something (Appuleian):

    hoc nomine censebatur jam meus dominus,

    App. M. 8, p. 171:

    nomen quo tu censeris aiebat,

    id. ib. 5, p. 106: pro studio bibendi quo solo censetur, either known by, or distinguished for, id. Mag. p. 499:

    globorum caelestium supremum esse eum qui inerrabili meatu censetur,

    which is known by its unerring course, id. Phil. Nat. 1, p. 582.— And,
    (γ).
    As gram. t. t., to be marked by some peculiarity, according to which a word is classified: neque de armis et moeniis infitias eo quin figura multitudinis perpetua censeantur, that they are marked by the form of constant plurality, i. e. that they are pluralia tantum, Gell. 19, 8, 5; 10, 20, 8; 19, 13, 3.
    II.
    Of transactions in and by the Senate, to judge (in the meanings II. and III. the passive voice is not in class. use, while in I. the passive voice is by far the most freq.).
    A.
    To be of opinion, to propose, to vote, to move, referring to the votes of the senators when asked for their opinions (sententiam dicere).
    1.
    With a (passive) inf.-clause, denoting what should be decreed by the Senate (esse usu. omitted): rex his ferme verbis patres consulebat... Dic, inquit ei, quid censes? tum ille Puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo, I am of the opinion ( I move, propose) that satisfaction should be sought, etc., ancient formula ap. Liv. 1, 32, 11 sq.:

    primum igitur acta Caesaris servanda censeo,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:

    hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum,

    id. ib. 5, 17, 45; 5, 6, 16; 5, 12, 31; 5, 12, 34; 5, 13, 36; 5, 14, 38; 5, 19, 53; 6, 1, 2; 9, 6, 14; 11, 15, 40; 12, 7, 17; 14, 1, 1; 14, 13, 35; cf.

    Regulus's advice in the Senate, being represented as a vote: captivos in senatu reddendos non censuit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; 3, 31, 111:

    quare ita ego censeo... de confessis more majorum supplicium sumendum,

    Sall. C. 52, 36; 51, 8; 52, 14:

    Appius imperio consulari rem agendam censebat,

    Liv. 2, 23, 15:

    ut multi (senatores) delendam urbem censerent,

    id. 9, 26, 3; 2, 29, 7; 3, 40, 13; 10, 12, 1; 34, 4, 20; 38, 54, 6: cum ejus diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figenda in curia censuisset, Tac. A. 3, 57:

    ut nonnulli dedendum eum hostibus censuerint,

    Suet. Caes. 24; so id. ib. 14; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 4; id. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 26; id. Ner. 2; id. Vesp. 2. Of the emperor's vote in the Senate:

    commutandam censuit vocem, et pro peregrina nostratem requirendam,

    Suet. Tib. 71; so id. ib. 34; id. Aug. 55.—And with the copula expressed (very rare):

    qui censet eos... morte esse multandos,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7.—Sometimes referring to sententia as subject:

    sententia quae censebat reddenda bona (inst. of eorum qui censebant),

    Liv. 2, 4, 3.—Sometimes with oportere for the gerundial predic. inf.:

    quibusdam censentibus (eum) Romulum appellari oportere,

    Suet. Aug. 7.—With pres. inf., inst. of a gerundial:

    hac corona civica L. Gellius in senatu Ciceronem consulem donari a re publica censuit,

    Gell. 5, 6, 15 (cf. II. B. 1. b.).—If the opinion of the senator does not refer to the chief question, but to incidental points, the predic. inf. may have any form:

    eas leges quas M. Antonius tulisse dicitur omnes censeo per vim et contra auspicia latas, eisque legibus populum non teneri,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 10:

    cum magna pars senatus... cum tyrannis bellum gerendum fuisse censerent... et urbem recipi, non capi, etc.,

    Liv. 26, 32, 2.—
    2.
    With ut, and negatively, ut ne or ne, generally when the clause has an active predicate, but also with passives instead of the gerundial inf.-clause:

    de ea re ita censeo uti consules designati dent operam uti senatus Kal. Jan. tuto haberi possit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 37:

    censeo ut iis qui in exercitu Antonii sunt, ne sit ea res fraudi, si, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 12, 34:

    censebant omnes fere (senatores) ut in Italia supplementum meis et Bibuli legionibus scriberetur,

    id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:

    Cn. Pompeius (in senatu) dixit, sese... censere ut ad senatus auctoritatem populi quoque Romani beneficium erga me adjungeretur,

    id. Sest. 34, 74:

    quas ob res ita censeo: eorum qui cum M. Antonio sunt, etc.... iis fraudi ne sit quod cum M. Antonio fuerint,

    id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

    Calidius, qui censebat ut Pompeius in suas provincias proficisceretur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 2:

    censuerunt quidam (senatores) ut Pannonicus, alii ut Invictus cognominaretur,

    Suet. Tib. 17:

    iterum censente ut Trebianis... concederetur (of the emperor's vote in the Senate),

    id. ib. 31.—And an inf.-clause, with neu or ut:

    sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, etc.: neu quis postea de his ad senatum referat, etc.,

    Sall. C. 51, 43:

    qui partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut liberis relinqueretur, censuerat,

    Tac. A. 4, 20.—
    3.
    With a subj.-clause, without ut (rare in this connection;

    v. III. C. 3.): K. Fabius censuit... occuparent patres ipsi suum munus facere, captivum agrum plebi quam maxime aequaliter darent,

    Liv. 2, 48, 2.— And ironically with regard to incidental points: vereamini censeo ne... nimis aliquid severe statuisse videamini, I propose you should be afraid of having decreed too severe a punishment = of course, you will not be afraid, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13: misereamini censeo—deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem—atque etiam armatos dimittatis, I propose that you pity them, etc., or I advise you to be merciful, Sall. C. 52, 26.—
    4.
    Ellipt., with a gerundial clause understood:

    dic quid censes (i. e. decernendum),

    Liv. 1, 32, 11: quod ego mea sententia censebam (i.e. decernendum), Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:

    senati decretum fit, sicut ille censuerat,

    Sall. C. 53, 1:

    quas ob res ita censeo... senatui placere, etc. ( = ita decernendum censeo, etc.),

    Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15, § 17 sq.; 10, 11, 25 sq.; 11, 12, 29 sq.; 14, 14, 36 sq.—
    5.
    = sententiam dicere, to tell, to express one ' s opinion in the Senate (post-class.).
    (α).
    Absol.: Priscus Helvidius.. contra studium ejus (sc. Vitellii) censuerat, had voted, or had expressed an opinion against his wishes, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    cum parum sit, in senatu breviter censere, nisi, etc.,

    id. Dial. 36 fin.:

    sententias... prout libuisset perrogabat... ac si censendum magis quam adsentiendum esset,

    Suet. Aug. 35:

    igitur Cn. Piso, quo, inquit, loco censebis, Caesar? si primus, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 74.—
    (β).
    With adjectives in the neuter, substantively used: nec quoquam reperto (in senatu) qui... referre aut censere aliquid auderet, who dared to express an opinion on any [p. 313] thing, Suet. Caes. 20:

    per dissensionem diversa censentium,

    of the senators who expressed different opinions, id. Claud. 10.—
    (γ).
    With interrog. or rel.-clause:

    deinde ageret senatorem et censeret quid corrigi aut mutari vellet,

    Tac. A. 16, 28:

    cum censeat aliquis (in senatu) quod ex parte mihi placeat,

    Sen. Ep. 21, 9.
    B.
    Of the decrees or resolutions of the Senate, = decernere, placere, to resolve, decree.
    1.
    With inf.-clause.
    a.
    With gerund, without copula (v. II. A. 1.):

    eum, cujus supplicio senatus sollennes religiones expiandas saepe censuit,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    eos senatus non censuit redimendos,

    id. Off. 3, 32, 114; so id. N. D. 2, 4, 10; id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:

    senatus Caelium ab republica removendum censuit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

    senatus censuit frequens coloniam Labicos deducendam,

    Liv. 4, 47, 6; 5, 24, 4:

    cum bello persequendos Tusculanos patres censuissent,

    id. 6, 25, 5; 3, 42, 6; 3, 49, 8; 7, 19, 7 et saep.—
    b.
    With pres. inf. pass. or act., with the force of a gerundial:

    de bonis regiis quae reddi antea censuerant ( = reddenda),

    Liv. 2, 5, 1:

    munera mitti legatis ex binis milibus aeris censuerunt (i.e. patres),

    id. 43, 5, 8; so id. 45, 44, 15 (v. 2. b.):

    eundem jus dicere Romae... patres censuerant,

    id. 45, 12, 13:

    cum senatus unum consulem, nominatimque Gnaeum Pompeium fieri censuisset,

    Suet. Caes. 26.—With both act. and pass. inf.:

    censuere patres, duas provincias Hispaniam rursus fieri... et Macedoniam Illyricumque eosdem... obtinere,

    Liv. 45, 16, 1.—With both pres. pass. and gerund. inff.:

    haec ita movere senatum, ut non expectanda comitia consuli censerent, sed dictatorem... dici,

    Liv. 27, 5, 14.—

    And with velle: senatus verbis nuntient, velle et censere eos ab armis discedere, etc.,

    Sall. J. 21, 4.—
    2.
    With ut or ne.
    a.
    In the words of the Senate, according to formula: quod L. Opimius verba fecit de re publica, de ea re ita censuerunt uti L. Opimius consul rem publicam defenderet, etc., ancient S. C. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 14: quod, etc., de ea re ita censuerunt ut M. Pomponius praetor animadverteret curaretque ut si, etc., S. C. ap. Suet. Rhet. 1; Gell. 15, 4, 1.—And with gerundial inf.-clause: quod C. Julius pontifex... de ea re ita censuerunt, uti M. Antonius consul hostiis majoribus... procuraret... Ibus uti procurasset satis habendum censuerunt, S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2.—
    b.
    As related by the historians, etc.:

    quoniam senatus censuisset, uti quicunque Galliam provinciam obtineret... Aeduos defenderet,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

    patres censuerunt uti consules provincias inter se compararent,

    Liv. 30, 40, 12:

    senatus censuit ut domus ei... publica impensa restitueretur,

    Suet. Claud. 6;

    so with reference to the civil law,

    Dig. 49, 14, 15 quater. —With ne:

    senatum censuisse, ne quis illo anno genitus educaretur,

    Suet. Aug. 94.—And with inf -clause:

    filio regis Nicomedi ex ea summa munera dari censuerunt, et ut victimae... praeberentur,

    Liv. 45, 44, 15.—
    3.
    With a subj.-clause (very rare):

    senatus consulto quo censeretur, darent operam consules, etc.,

    Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 73, 10.—
    4.
    With neutr. acc. pron. in place of a clause:

    cum vero id senatus frequens censuisset (sc. faciendum),

    Cic. Pis. 8, 18:

    ite in suffragium, et quae patres censuerunt vos jubete,

    Liv. 31, 7, 14:

    quodcunque vos censueritis,

    id. 34, 7, 15:

    quodpatres censuissent,

    id. 28, 45, 2.—
    5.
    With accusative of a noun, or a noun as passive subject, to decree or vote a thing (postclass.):

    nec tamen repertum nisi ut effigies principum, aras deum, templa et arcus aliaque solita... censuere,

    Tac. A. 3, 57:

    aram Clementiae, aram Amicitiae, effigiesque... censuere,

    id. ib. 4, 74: cum censeretur clipeus auro et magnitudine insignis inter auctores eloquentiae ( to be placed among, etc.), id. ib. 2, 83.—
    6.
    With both acc. and dat.
    (α).
    The dat. = against:

    bellum Samnitibus et patres censuerunt et populus jussit,

    Liv. 10, 12, 3.—
    (β).
    The dat. = in behalf of:

    censentur Ostorio triumphi insignia,

    Tac. A. 12, 38.—And with ut:

    sententiis eorum qui supplicationes et... vestem Principi triumphalem, utque ovans urbem iniret, effigiesque ejus... censuere,

    id. ib. 13, 8.
    III.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of the opinions and resolutions of other deliberating bodies, or of their members, to resolve, or to be of opinion.
    1.
    With inf.-clause.
    a.
    Gerundial:

    erant qui censerent de tertia vigilia in castra Cornelia recedendum (council of war),

    Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

    erant sententiae quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent,

    id. ib.; so id. ib. 2, 31; id. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; 7, 21; 7, 77:

    pontifices, consules, patres conscripti mihi... pecunia publica aedificandam domum censuerunt,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 52: nunc surgendum censeo, I move we adjourn (in a literary meeting), id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

    cum... pontifices solvendum religione populum censerent,

    Liv. 5, 23, 9:

    nunc has ruinas relinquendas non censerem (in an assembly of the people),

    id. 5, 53, 3:

    ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos (in the Carthaginian Senate),

    id. 21, 10, 13:

    ante omnia Philippum et Macedonas in societatem belli... censeo deducendos esse (Hannibal in a council of war),

    id. 36, 7, 3; 5, 36, 8; Curt. 10, 6, 22; 10, 8, 12:

    cum septem judices cognovissent, duo censuerunt, reum exilio multandum, duo alii pecunia, tres reliqui capite puniendum,

    Gell. 9, 15, 7.—And with oportere inst. of a gerundial clause (referring to duty):

    neque sine gravi causa eum locum quem ceperant, dimitti censuerant oportere,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 44.—With opus esse ( = expediency):

    Parmenio furto, non proelio opus esse censebat,

    Curt. 10, 8, 12.—
    b.
    With ordinary pres. inf.
    (α).
    In place of a gerundial:

    Antenor censet belli praecidere = praecidendam causam (in a council of war),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 9.—
    (β).
    Denoting opinion about an existing state:

    Hasdrubal ultimam Hispaniae oram... ignaram adhuc Romanorum esse, eoque Carthaginiensibus satis fidam censebat,

    Liv. 27, 20, 6:

    Parmenio non alium locum proelio aptiorem esse censebat,

    Curt. 3, 7, 8.—
    2.
    With ut or ne:

    censeo ut satis diu te putes requiesse et iter reliquum conficere pergas (in a literary meeting),

    Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

    plerique censebant ut noctu iter facerent (council of war),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 67:

    et nunc magnopere censere, ut unam anum... triginta milibus talentum auri permutet (council of war),

    Curt. 4, 11, 12:

    censeout D. Claudius ex hac die deus fiat (council of the gods),

    Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 9, 5: antiquos audio censuisse, ne (praenomina) cui ejusdem gentis patricio inderentur, resolved (family council), Gell. 9, 2, 11 (cf. Liv. 6, 20, 14).—
    3.
    With subj.-clause:

    nunc quoque arcessas censeo omnes navalis terrestrisque copias (Hannibal in council of war),

    Liv. 36, 7, 17: censeo relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Jovi Optimo Maximo gratulatum (assembly of the people), Scipio Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3.—
    4.
    With acc. neutr. of a pron. or adj. substantively used:

    ego pro sententia mea hoc censeo: quandoquidem, etc.,

    Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 11, 4:

    nec dubitavere quin vera censeret,

    that his opinion was correct, Curt. 10, 6, 18.—
    5.
    Ellipt.:

    sententiis quarum pars deditionem, pars eruptionem censebat (i.e. faciendam),

    Caes. B. G. 7, 77 init.:

    ita uti censuerant Italici deditionem facit,

    Sall. J. 26, 2; so Caes. B. G. 7, 75.
    B.
    Of the orders of persons in authority (cf. II. B.).
    1.
    Of commanders, etc., by courtesy, inst. of velle, imperare, or a direct imperative sentence.
    (α).
    With gerundial inf. - clause: non tam imperavi quam censui sumptus legatis quam maxime ad legem Corneliam decernendos, I said, not strictly as an order, but as an opinion that, etc. (Cicero as proconsul), Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—
    (β).
    With subj.-clause: arma quae ad me missuri eratis, iis censeo armetis milites quos vobiscum habetis, you had better, etc., Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 4. —
    2.
    Of an order by the people (rare;

    gen. populus jubet): ita id (foedus) ratum fore si populus censuisset (i. e. confirmandum esse),

    Liv. 21, 19, 3.—
    3.
    Of the later emperors, in their ordinances (censemus = placet nobis, sancimus, imperamus, from the custom of the earlier emperors, who conveyed their commands in the form of an opinion in the senate; v. II. A. 1.).—With inf.clause, ut, ne, and subj.-clause:

    sex mensium spatium censemus debere servari,

    Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7:

    censemus ut, etc.,

    ib. 12, 37 (38), 13:

    censemus ne, etc.,

    ib. 12, 44 (45), 1: censemus vindicet, remaneat, ib. 11, 48 (47), 23:

    in commune jubes si quid censesve tenendum, Primus jussa subi,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.
    C.
    Of advice, given by one person to another (further development of III. A.).
    1.
    Ante-class. formula: faciundum censeo = I advise, with ut-clause, with quid, sic, etc.: censeo faciundum ut quadringentos aliquos milites ad verrucam illam ire jubeas, etc., I advise you to order, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6:

    ego Tiresiam... consulam, Quid faciundum censeat,

    consult Tiresias as to what he advises, for his advice, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 80:

    consulam hanc rem amicos quid faciundum censeant,

    id. Men. 4, 3, 26; id. Most. 3, 1, 23:

    sic faciundum censeo: Da isti cistellam, etc.,

    id. Cist. 4, 2, 104:

    ego sic faciundum censeo: me honestiu'st Quam te, etc.,

    id. As. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 2, 2, 91:

    sane faciundum censeo,

    id. Stich. 4, 2, 38.—
    2.
    With ordinary gerundial inf.-clauses:

    narrandum ego istuc militi censebo,

    I advise you to let the soldier know that, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 42:

    exorando sumendam operam censeo,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 22:

    quid nunc consili captandum censes?

    id. As. 2, 2, 91; id. Mil. 5, 25; id. Most. 1, 3, 115:

    idem tibi censeo faciendum,

    Cic. Off. 10, 1, 3:

    quos quidem tibi studiose et diligenter tractandos magno opere censeo,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 79; id. Fam. 12, 28, 2.—Sometimes by aequum censere with an inf.-clause (in the comic poets):

    amicos consulam quo me modo Suspendere aequom censeant potissumum,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 50: qui homo cum animo... depugnat suo, Utrum ita se esse mavelit ut eum animus aequom censeat, An ita potius ut parentes... velint i. e. as his mind prompts him, id. Trin. 2, 2, 29; cf. E. 1. b. 8.—
    3.
    With a subj.clause (so esp. with censeo in 1 st pers.): censen' hominem interrogem? do you advise me to ask the man? etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 20:

    tu, si videbitur, ita censeo facias ut... supersedeas hoc labore itineris (cf.: faciundum censeo ut, 1. supra),

    Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

    immo plane, inquam, Brute, legas (Gracchum) censeo,

    id. Brut. 33, 125:

    tu, si forte quid erit molestiae te ad Crassum et Calidium conferas censeo,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7:

    tu, censeo, tamen adhibeas Vettium,

    id. Att. 2, 4, 7:

    quae disputari de amicitia possunt, ab iis censeo petatis qui ista profitentur,

    id. Lael. 5, 17: tu, censeo, Luceriam venias: nusquam eris tutius, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 1, 1; 8, 11, A:

    censeo Via Appia iter facias, et celeriter Brundusium venias,

    id. ib. 8, 11, C: ad Caesarem mittas censeo, et ab eo hoc petas, Anton. ib. 10, 10, 2: sed hos tamen numeros censeo videas hodou parergon, Gell. 17, 20, 5:

    quam scit uterque, libens censebo exerceat artem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44 (cf. Liv. 36, 7, 17, and Gell. 4, 18, 3, quoted III. A. 3.).—Of an advice given to an adversary, with irony:

    cetera si qua putes te occultius facere posse... magnopere censeo desistas,

    I strongly advise you to give up that idea, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:

    sed tu, Acci, consideres censeo diligenter, utrum censorum judicium grave esse velis an Egnatii,

    id. Clu. 48, 135:

    postulant ut excipiantur haec inexplicabilia. Tribunum censeant: aliquem adeant: a me... numquam impetrabunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 30, 97:

    ibi quaeratis socios censeo, ubi Saguntina clades ignota est,

    Liv. 21, 19, 10:

    solvas censeo, Sexte, creditori,

    Mart. 2, 13, 2.—And in jest:

    Treviros vites censeo, audio capitalis esse,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

    hi Plebei fuerunt, quos contemnas censeo... qua re ad patres censeo revertare,

    id. ib. 9, 21, 3:

    vites censeo porticum Philippi: si te viderit Hercules, peristi,

    Mart. 5, 49, 13; so id. ib. 11, 99, 8; 12, 61, 7.—For ironical senatorial advice, by which the contrary is meant, v. Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 52, 26, quoted II. A. 3.—
    4.
    With an ut-clause (with monere;

    very rare): illud tamen vel tu me monuisse vel censuisse puta... ut tu quoque animum inducas, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 2.—
    5.
    With a clause understood: quo me vortam nescio: Pa. Si deos salutas, dextrovorsum censeo (i.e. id facias or faciundum censeo), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 70: quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem censeo (i. e. redeas), id. Men. 4, 2, 53:

    quid nunc censes, Chrysale? (i. e. faciundum),

    id. Bacch. 4, 8, 112:

    ita faciam ut frater censuit,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 11:

    tibi igitur hoc censeo (i. e. faciendum): latendum tantisper ibidem, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 4: tu [p. 314] potes Kalendis spectare gladiatores, et ita censeo, id. ib. 16, 20:

    quid censes igitur? Ecquidnam est tui consilii ad? etc.,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: quid igitur censet (sapientia)? What is wisdom ' s advice? id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    scribi quid placeat, quid censeas,

    id. Att. 9, 19,4:

    ibitur igitur, et ita quidem ut censes,

    id. ib. 10, 15, 3:

    disce, docendus adhuc, quae censet amiculus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 3.
    D.
    Of opinions and views on general questions, to be of opinion, think, believe, hold (cf.: statuo, existimo, puto, aio, dico; freq. in class. prose; very rare in post-class. writers except Gellius; never with ut, ne, or subj.-clause).
    1.
    With inf.-clause:

    Plato mundum esse factum censet a deo sempiternum,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

    Cyrenaici non omni malo aegritudinem effici censent, sed insperato,

    id. Tusc. 3, 13, 28:

    (Hieronymus) censet summum bonum esse sine ulla molestia vivere,

    id. Fin. 2, 5, 16:

    Aristoteles eos qui valetudinis causa furerent, censebat habere aliquid in animis praesagiens,

    id. Div. 1, 38, 81:

    Pythagoras censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 27; so id. Ac. 1, 11, 40; 2, 42, 131; id. Fin. 1, 6, 20; 3, 15, 49; 3, 19, 64; 3, 21, 70; 4, 7, 17; 5, 7, 17; id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 4; 1, 12, 29; 1, 13, 35 and 37; 1, 43, 120; 1, 44, 121; 2, 22, 57; 2, 16, 44; id. Sen. 12, 41; id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 10, 22; 1, 30, 72; 1, 45, 108; 3, 5, 11; 3, 22, 52; 4, 7, 14; id. Off. 1, 25, 88:

    Plato in civitate communis esse mulieres censuit,

    Gell. 18, 2, 8; 14, 5, 2; 18, 1, 4; 19, 12, 6.—If the opinion refers to what should be observed, oportere or debere is used, or a gerundial predicate with esse (so in Cic., but in Gell. 7, 15, 3, without esse):

    oportere delubra esse in urbibus censeo,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26:

    M. Varro aeditumum dici oportere censet,

    Gell. 12, 10, 4; 14, 5, 2;

    so with debere,

    id. 17, 5, 5; 13, 8, 4:

    Cyrenaici... virtutem censuerunt ob eam rem esse laudandam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116:

    (Ennius) non censet lugendam esse mortem quam immortalitas consequatur,

    id. Sen. 20, 73.—
    2.
    An inf.-clause understood:

    (dissensio est), a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur initium. Ego enim ab ultimis censeo (i. e. exordiendum esse),

    Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

    si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65:

    sic enim censuit,

    Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117.—
    3.
    With neutr. acc. of a pron.: hoc amplius censeo, in addition to the opinions mentioned I hold, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2:

    nullo (medico) idem censente,

    Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—
    4.
    With a rel.-clause:

    Aesopus quae utilia... erant, non severe neque imperiose praecepit et censuit,

    he imparted his teachings and views, Gell. 2, 29, 1.—
    5.
    Absol.:

    non adligo me ad unum aliquem ex Stoicis proceribus. Est et mihi censendi jus,

    the right to impart my opinions, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.
    E.
    In gen., = arbitror, puto, existimo, judico (cf.: idem enim valet censere et arbitrari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 519, 29: censere nunc significat putare, nunc suadere, nunc decernere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 11 Mull.).
    1.
    To judge, think, believe, suppose (freq. in ante-class. writings; very rare in Cic. except in the particular meanings, a.—ironically—and d.; always with inf.-clause expressed or understood).
    a.
    In gen.:

    atque ego censui abs te posse hoc me impetrare,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 12 sq.:

    satis jam delusam censeo: rem, ut est, nunc eloquamur,

    id. As. 3, 3, 141:

    nam si honeste censeam te facere posse, suadeam,

    id. Mil. 4, 8, 60:

    neque ego hac noctem longiorem me vidisse censeo,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 126:

    saluti quod tibi esse censeo,

    id. Merc. 1, 35; so id. Am. 4, 3, 2; id. Most. 1, 3, 127; id. Pers. 1, 1, 9; 2, 2, 8; 2, 3, 75 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 2, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 4, 30; 2, 4, 36; id. Cas. 2, 8, 38; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 13: aut domino, cujum id censebis esse, reddes, Cincius, Re Mil. l. iii., de ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:

    eo namque omnem belli molem inclinaturam censebant (consules),

    Liv. 7, 32, 3:

    nec facturum aequa Samnitium populum censebant, si... oppugnarent,

    id. 7, 31, 7:

    quaeso ut ea quae dicam non a militibus imperatori dicta censeas,

    id. 7, 13, 8:

    at illa purgare se, quod quae utilia esse censebat... suasisset,

    Curt. 8, 3, 7: Alexander, tam memorabili victoria laetus, qua sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, id. 9, 1, 1; so id. 10, 8, 22.—
    b.
    With reference to an erroneous opinion, to imagine, suppose, falsely believe:

    censebam me effugisse a vita marituma Ne navigarem, etc.,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 108:

    omnes eum (sc. Jovem) esse (Amphitruonem) censent servi,

    id. Am. prol. 122, 134:

    jam hic ero, quom illic censebis esse me,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 14:

    ardere censui aedes,

    id. ib. 5, 1, 15:

    ego hunc censebam esse te,

    id. Men. 5, 9, 13; so id. As. 5, 2, 20; id. Aul. 3, 5, 55; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 14; id. Men. 3, 3, 32; 5, 9, 76; id. Merc. 1, 2, 87; id. Poen. 1, 1, 54; 3, 1, 60; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 2, 4, 31; 4, 7, 35; id. Stich. 4, 2, 24; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72 et saep.: censuit se regem Porsenam occidere, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. p. 4, 88:

    non ipsa saxa magis sensu omni vacabant quam ille... cui se hic cruciatum censet optare,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107.—And ironically:

    nisi forte Diagoram aut Theodorum... censes superstitiosos fuisse,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

    nisi forte etiam illi Semproniano senatus consulto me censes adfuisse, qui ne Romae quidem fui,

    id. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    neminem me fortiorem esse censebam,

    Curt. 8, 14, 42.—
    c.
    Referring to what should take place.
    (α).
    With gerundial inf.-clause:

    navis praedatoria, Abs qua cavendum nobis sane censeo,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 70:

    soli gerundum censeo morem,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 69:

    neque vendundam censeo Quae libera est,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 39; so id. Eun. 4, 4, 53; 5, 8, 42; id. Hec. 4, 4, 94; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 17:

    ceterum ei qui consilium adferret opem quoque in eam rem adferendam censebant esse,

    Liv. 25, 11, 14.—
    (β).
    With oportere, debere, or an ordinary inf.-clause:

    solam illi me soli censeo esse oportere obedientem,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 47:

    quibus declaraveram, quo te animo censerem esse oportere, et quid tibi faciendum arbitrarer,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1:

    rursus interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

    Curt. 8, 14, 43: impudens postulatio visa est, censere... ipsos id (bellum) advertere in se, agrosque suos pro alienis populandos obicere, to entertain the idea that they should direct that war against themselves and their own lands, etc., Liv. 21, 20, 4:

    munere eum fungi prioris censet amici = eum fungi oportere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

    quae nos quoque sustinere censebat,

    App. M. 11, p. 253.—
    (γ).
    By aequum censere with ordinary inf.clause, expressed or understood, either = it is fair ( right) to do something, or something ought or should be done (so very freq. in the comic poets and Livy; rare in other writers): non ego istunc me potius quam te metuere aequom censeo, I do not think it right to fear him, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 51: quid me aequom censes pro illa tibi dare? What do you think I should give as a fair price? etc., id. As. 1, 3, 76: meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui, I thought it my duty that my mind should, etc., id. Trin. 2, 2, 27: ecquis est tandem qui vestrorum... aequom censeat poenas dare ob eam rem quod arguatur male facere voluisse? Cato ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 36:

    quis aequum censeret... receptos in fidem non defendi?

    Liv. 21, 19, 5; so id. 24, 37, 7; 5, 3, 8; 22, 32, 6.—And without emphasis upon the idea of fairness or right:

    si sunt ita ut ego aequom censeo,

    as I think they ought to be, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 55; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 87; 2, 3, 1; id. Merc. 3, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 1, 11; id. Ep. 4, 1, 29; id. Stich. 2, 2, 20; 4, 1, 42:

    qui aequom esse censeant, nos jam a pueris ilico nasci senes,

    who believe that we should be born as old men right from childhood, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2; so id. ib. 5, 5, 11; id. Ad. 4, 3, 10:

    qui aequom censeant rem perniciosam utili praeponi,

    Auct. Her. 2, 14, 22: (tribuni) intercedebant;

    senatum quaerere de pecunia non relata in publicum... aequum censebant,

    Liv. 38, 54, 5:

    cives civibus parcere aequum censebat,

    Nep. Thras. 2, 6.—
    d.
    Very freq., esp. in Cic., when a question, rhetorical or real, is addressed to a second person, often referring to erroneous opinions:

    an fores censebas nobis publicitus praeberier?

    Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 7:

    clanculum istaec te flagitia facere censebas potesse?

    id. Men. 4, 2, 47:

    hicine nos habitare censes?

    id. Trin. 4, 3, 72:

    omnes cinaedos esse censes, tu quia es?

    id. Men. 3, 2, 48; so id. As. 2, 4, 78; 5, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 41; 5, 2. 82; id. Capt. 4, 2, 66; 4, 2, 74; 5, 2, 16; id. Cas. 2, 6, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 25: continuo dari Tibi verba censes? Ter. And. 3, 2, 25; so id. ib. 3, 3, 13; 4, 4, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 38; id. Hec. 4, 1, 32; 4, 4, 53; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 35:

    adeone me delirare censes ut ista esse credam?

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10:

    nam cum in Graeco sermone haec... non videbantur, quid censes in Latino fore?

    id. Fin. 3, 4, 15:

    quid igitur censes? Apim illum nonne deum videri Aegyptiis?

    id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:

    quis haec neget esse utilia? quem censes?

    id. Off. 3, 26, 99:

    an censes me tantos labores... suscepturum fuisse, si, etc.,

    id. Sen. 23, 82:

    an vos Hirtium pacem velle censetis?

    id. Phil. 12, 4, 9; so id. Brut. 50, 186; 85, 294; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 fin.; 2, 4, 11; 3, 13, 27; id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. N. D. 1, 8, 20; 1, 28, 78; 1, 44, 122; id. Leg. 2, 10, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; id. Phil. 1, 6, 13; 4, 3, 7; 7, 4, 14; 11, 1, 3; 11, 5, 10; 12, 3, 7; 12, 6, 13; 12, 8, 21; 12, 9, 22; 13, 2, 4; 14, 4, 10; id. Att. 10, 11, 4:

    quid censes munera terrae?... quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 5 sqq.; so id. ib. 2, 2, 65; Lucr. 1, 973 (with obj.inf.).—With conditional period inst. of an inf.-clause:

    num censes faceret, filium nisi sciret eadem haec velle,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 46.—

    Sometimes censemus? is used in the same way as censes?

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Off. 2, 7, 25; id. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—
    e.
    With an inf.clause understood: itane tu censes? Pa. Quid ego ni ita censeam? Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 27: quid ergo censes? Tr. Quod rogas, Censeo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 7 sq.: quid illum censes? (i. e. eo loco facere?) Ter. And. 5, 2, 12:

    quid illas censes? (i. e. posse dicere),

    id. Ad. 4, 5, 22; so Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 9; 5, 3, 21.—So, very freq. in the comic poets, censeo, absol., as an approving answer; also sic censeo, istuc censeo, ita censeo (Cic.) to be variously rendered: ego divinam rem intus faciam... So. Censeo, that will be right! Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 11: auscultemus quid agat: Ph. Sane censeo, so we will, indeed, id. Curc. 2, 2, 29: quid si recenti re aedis pultem? Ad. Censeo, do so! id. Poen. 3, 4, 18: quin eloquamur? Ag. Censeo, hercle, patrue, id. ib. 5, 4, 93: patri etiam gratulabor? Tr. Censeo, I think so (and after answering several questions with censeo): etiamne complectar ejus patrem? Tr. Non censeo. Pl. Nunc non censet quom volo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 6 sqq.; id. Ps. 2, 2, 69; id. Stich. 5, 4, 53; id. Truc. 2, 4, 73; id. Cas. 4, 3, 14; Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 27: male habeas! Mu. Sic censeo, Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 11: aliquem arripiamus, etc.: Ly. Hem, istuc censeo, id. Merc. 3, 3, 19 (cf.:

    prorsus ita censeo, referring to general questions, as in D.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23);

    once similarly censeas: Quid gravare? censeas!

    Say yes, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 22.—
    2.
    To resolve, as a merely mental act, with gerundial inf.-clause (rare; cf. II. B.): quibus rebus cognitis, Caesar maturandum sibi censuit, resolved to hasten, lit., thought he must hasten ( = statuit, existimavit), Caes. B. G. 7, 56 init.:

    censuimus igitur amplius quaerendum,

    Gell. 12, 14, 7.—
    3.
    To consider, i. e. after carefully weighing the circumstances, with inf.-clause (rare):

    sed cum censerem... me et periculum vitare posse, et temperatius dicere... ea causa mihi in Asiam proficiscendi fuit,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 314.—
    4.
    = pu tare, habere, judicare, to consider as, to hold, with two acc., or inf.-clause.
    a.
    With double acc.:

    quom dispicias tristem, frugi censeas (i.e. eum),

    you would consider him thrifty, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2. 32:

    auxilio vos dignos censet senatus,

    considers you worthy of help, Liv. 7, 31, 2:

    has... indagines cuppediarum majore detestatione dignas censebimus si, etc.,

    Gell. 7 (6), 16, 6: cum Priscum nobilitas hostem patriae censuisset, judged, declared him the enemy, etc., Aur. Vict. Caes. 29, 4.—
    b.
    In the pass. with nom. and inf., = haberi (in Manil. and Gell.):

    praeter illas unam et viginti (comoedias) quae consensu omnium Plauti esse censebantur,

    Gell. 3, 3, 3:

    quae terrena censentur sidera sorte (i. e. esse),

    are considered as being of the terrestrial kind, Manil. 2, 226; so id. 2, 293; 2, 653; 2, 667; 3, 96; so, sub aliquo censeri, to be considered as being under one ' s influence, id. 4, 246; 4, 705; cf. id. 3, 598 (with per).—
    5.
    To wish, with subj.-clause or ne (in App.):

    de coma pretiosi velleris floccum mihi confestim adferas censeo,

    App. M. 6. [p. 315] p. 117:

    censeo ne ulla cura os percolat,

    id. Mag. p. 411.
    2.
    censeo, ēre, = succenseo, to be angry: ne vobis censeam, si, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 24.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > censeo

  • 22 contingo

    1.
    con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. and n. [tango], to touch on all sides. to touch, take hold of, seize (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    facile cibum terrestrem rostris,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

    funem manu,

    Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. M. 2, 151:

    munera Cerealia dextrā,

    id. ib. 11, 122:

    undas pede,

    id. ib. 2, 457:

    focos ore tremente,

    id. Tr. 1, 3, 44:

    terram osculo,

    Liv. 1, 56, 12:

    ora nati sacro medicamine,

    Ov. M. 2, 123; cf. id. ib. 14, 607:

    montes suo igni (sol),

    Lucr. 4, 407; cf. Cat. 64, 408, and Suet. Ner. 6:

    cibos sale modico,

    to sprinkle, Cels. 2, 24: sidera comā ( poet. designation for a very great height), Ov. F. 3, 34; cf.:

    nubes aërio vertice (Taurus),

    Tib. 1, 7, 15: summa sidera plantis, to reach the stars (a poet. designation of great prosperity), Prop. 1, 8, 43:

    mitem taurum,

    Ov. M. 2, 860; cf. id. ib. 8, 423:

    glebam,

    id. ib. 11, 111:

    paene terram (luna),

    Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

    caules (vitis),

    id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

    dextras consulum (as a friendly greeting or congratulation),

    Liv. 28, 9, 6; so,

    manum,

    Vell. 2, 104, 5; 2, 107, 4.—
    B.
    With partic. access. ideas.
    1.
    To eat, partake of, taste ( poet.):

    neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 113:

    cibos ore,

    Ov. M. 5, 531:

    aquas,

    id. ib. 15, 281:

    fontem,

    id. ib. 3, 409.—
    2.
    To touch impurely (very rare):

    corpus corpore,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 204.—
    3.
    To touch, i. e. to be near, neighboring, or contiguous, to border upon, to reach, extend to; with acc., dat., or inter se; with acc.:

    Helvi, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 7 fin.:

    turri adactā et contingente vallum,

    id. ib. 5, 43; cf.:

    in saltu Vescino Falernum contingente agrum,

    Liv. 10, 21, 8:

    praesidium coloniarum Illyricum contingentium,

    Suet. Aug. 25. —With dat.:

    ut radices montis ex utrāque parte ripae fluminis contingant,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 38.—With inter se:

    ut (milites) contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 21; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23.—
    4.
    With the idea of motion, to reach something by moving, to attain to, reach, come to, arrive at, meet with, etc. (mostly poet.); with acc.:

    optatam metam cursu,

    Hor. A. P. 412:

    Ephyren pennis,

    Ov. M. 7, 392:

    Italiam,

    Verg. A. 5, 18:

    fines Illyricos,

    Ov. M. 4, 568:

    Creten,

    id. ib. 8, 100:

    Cadmeïda arcem,

    id. ib. 6, 217:

    rapidas Phasidos undas,

    id. ib. 7, 6:

    auras,

    to come into the air, id. ib. 15, 416 al.:

    avem ferro,

    to hit, Verg. A. 5, 509; cf. Ov M. 8, 351: ullum mortalem (vox mea), id. id. 2, 578; cf.

    thus aures,

    id. ib. 1, 211; and aures fando, with the acc. and inf., id. ib. 15, 497: aevi florem, to come to or reach the flower of age, Lucr. 1, 565.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to touch, to seize upon, affect (rare). multitudo agrestium, quos in aliquā suā fortunā publica quoque contingebat cura, Liv. 22, 10, 8:

    contactus nullis ante cupidinibus,

    Prop. 1, 1, 2:

    quam me manifesta libido contigit!

    Ov. M. 9, 484: animum curā. Val. Fl. 7, 173; cf.:

    aliquem (curā), contacti simili sorte,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 78. —Far more freq.,
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 2.) To touch with pollution, to pollute, stain, defile, etc.; so generally in part. perf. (as a verb. finit. the kindr. contamino was in use):

    (Gallos) contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros,

    Liv. 21, 48, 3; so,

    contacta civitas rabie duorum juvenum,

    id. 4, 9, 10:

    omnes eā violatione templi,

    id. 29, 8, 11 (for which id. 29, 18, 8:

    nefandà praedā se ipsos ac domos contaminare suas): plebs regiā praedā,

    id. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. 4, 15, 8:

    equi candidi et nullo mortali opere contacti,

    Tac. G. 10: dies (sc. Alliensis) religione, [p. 450] Liv. 6, 28, 6:

    pectora vitiis,

    Tac. Or. 12.—Once absol.:

    contactus ensis,

    Sen. Hippol. 714.—
    2.
    (Acc. to I. B. 3.) With aliquem aliquā re or only aliquem, to be connected with or related to, to concern:

    ut quisque tam foede interemptos aut propinquitate aut amicitiā contingebat,

    Liv. 25, 8, 2:

    aliquem sanguine ac genere,

    id. 45, 7, 3; 24, 22, 14:

    aliquem artissimo gradu,

    Suet. Aug. 4:

    domum Caesarum nullo gradu,

    id. Galb. 2; cf. absol.:

    deos (i. e. Maecenatem et Augustum) quoniam propius contingis,

    have more ready access to the great, Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

    Sabinum modico usu,

    to have little intercourse with, Tac. A. 4, 68:

    multis in Italiā contactis gentibus Punici belli societate,

    Liv. 31, 8, 11; cf.:

    si crĭmine contingantur,

    have part in, Dig. 11, 4, 1:

    haec consultatio Romanos nihil contingit,

    concerns not, Liv. 34, 22, 12; cf.:

    quae (causa) nihil eo facto contingitur,

    id. 40, 14, 9.—
    3.
    (Acc. to I. B. 4.) To attain to, reach, arrive at something, to come to (very rare):

    quam regionem cum superavit animus naturamque sui similem contigit et agnovit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43.—
    b.
    With and without dat. of person; of occurrences, to happen to one, to befall, fall to one's lot, to succeed in, obtain a thing; and absol., to happen, fall to, turn out, come to pass (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition; in gen., of favorable, but sometimes of indifferent, or even adverse occurrences).
    (α).
    With dat.:

    cui tam subito tot contigerint commoda,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

    haec tot propter me gaudia illi contigisse laetor,

    id. Hec. 5, 3, 35:

    quod isti (Crasso) contigit uni,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; 1, 35, 164; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 115; 12, 11, 29; Suet. Caes. 35; id. Calig. 3, 10 et saep.; Ov. M. 3, 321; 11, 268; 15, 443; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 46; 1, 4, 10; 1, 17, 9 et saep.:

    cum tanto plura bene dicendi exempla supersint quam illis contigerunt,

    Quint. 10, 2, 28: quam mihi maxime hic hodie contigerit malum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 268, 12:

    quod (sc. servitus) potentibus populis saepe contigit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

    cum miseri animi essent, quod plerisque contingeret,

    id. N. D. 1, 11, 27; id. Phil. 14, 8, 24; id. Fam. 5, 16, 5; id. Sen. 19, 71; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; 2, 19, 65; id. Fam. 11, 16, 2 al.: quoties ipsi testatori aliquid contingit, a misfortune befalls, etc., Dig. 28, 3, 6:

    si quid ei humanitus contigerit,

    ib. 34, 4, 30 fin. (cf. ib. § 2: sive in viā aliquid mihi humanitus acciderit, and v. 2. accido, II. B.).— Impers. with inf.:

    non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36:

    mihi Romae nutriri atque doceri,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 41:

    mihi recusare principatum,

    Vell. 2, 124, 2:

    mihi cognoscere (eos),

    Quint. 12, 11, 3; 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25; 6, 1, 4 al.—And, at the same time, a dat. of the predicate (post-class. and rare):

    quo tempore mihi fratrique meo destinari praetoribus contigit,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4:

    maximo tibi et civi et duci evadere contigit,

    Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 2 (in Ov. M. 11, 220, the better read. is nepotem); cf. Haase in Reisig. Lect. p. 794 sq.—With ut:

    volo hoc oratori contingat, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 84, 290; id. Off. 1, 1, 3; id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; Quint. 11, 2, 51 al. —
    (β).
    With acc. (very rare):

    sors Tyrrhenum contigit,

    fell upon Tyrrhenus, Vell. 1, 1 fin.:

    Italiam palma frugum,

    Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 109.—
    (γ).
    Absol. (very freq.):

    hanc mi expetivi, contigit,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

    magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

    quod si nulla contingit excusatio,

    Quint. 11, 1, 81:

    ubi quid melius contingit et unctius,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44 et saep.—With abl.:

    quia memoria atque actio naturā non arte contingant,

    Quint. 3, 3, 4; so id. 1, 1, 33; 2, 2, 11 al.—With ex:

    gratia, quae continget ex sermone puro atque dilucido,

    Quint. 11, 1, 53; so id. 8, 3, 70:

    ex eādem brassicā contingunt aestivi autumnalesque cauliculi,

    arise, spring, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 138 al.:

    nihil horum nisi in complexu loquendi serieque contingit,

    Quint. 1, 5, 3.—With inf.:

    fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis Continget,

    Hor. A. P. 51; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25:

    concitare invidiam, etc.... liberius in peroratione contingit,

    id. 6, 1, 14.—With ut:

    quod nunquam opinatus fui... id contigit, ut salvi poteremur domi,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 32; so Quint. 4, 1, 7; 9, 3, 72; 11, 2, 39.
    2.
    con-tingo ( - tinguo), ĕre, v. a., to wet, moisten (perh. only in Lucr. and Verg.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    oras, pocula circum mellis liquore,

    Lucr. 1, 938:

    semina rerum colore,

    id. 2, 755:

    lac parco sale,

    to sprinkle, Verg. G. 3, 403:

    tonsum corpus amurcā,

    id. ib. 3, 448. —
    II.
    Trop.:

    musaeo contingens cuncta lepore,

    Lucr. 1, 934 and 947; 4, 9 and 22.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contingo

  • 23 continguo

    1.
    con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. and n. [tango], to touch on all sides. to touch, take hold of, seize (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    facile cibum terrestrem rostris,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

    funem manu,

    Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. M. 2, 151:

    munera Cerealia dextrā,

    id. ib. 11, 122:

    undas pede,

    id. ib. 2, 457:

    focos ore tremente,

    id. Tr. 1, 3, 44:

    terram osculo,

    Liv. 1, 56, 12:

    ora nati sacro medicamine,

    Ov. M. 2, 123; cf. id. ib. 14, 607:

    montes suo igni (sol),

    Lucr. 4, 407; cf. Cat. 64, 408, and Suet. Ner. 6:

    cibos sale modico,

    to sprinkle, Cels. 2, 24: sidera comā ( poet. designation for a very great height), Ov. F. 3, 34; cf.:

    nubes aërio vertice (Taurus),

    Tib. 1, 7, 15: summa sidera plantis, to reach the stars (a poet. designation of great prosperity), Prop. 1, 8, 43:

    mitem taurum,

    Ov. M. 2, 860; cf. id. ib. 8, 423:

    glebam,

    id. ib. 11, 111:

    paene terram (luna),

    Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

    caules (vitis),

    id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

    dextras consulum (as a friendly greeting or congratulation),

    Liv. 28, 9, 6; so,

    manum,

    Vell. 2, 104, 5; 2, 107, 4.—
    B.
    With partic. access. ideas.
    1.
    To eat, partake of, taste ( poet.):

    neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 113:

    cibos ore,

    Ov. M. 5, 531:

    aquas,

    id. ib. 15, 281:

    fontem,

    id. ib. 3, 409.—
    2.
    To touch impurely (very rare):

    corpus corpore,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 204.—
    3.
    To touch, i. e. to be near, neighboring, or contiguous, to border upon, to reach, extend to; with acc., dat., or inter se; with acc.:

    Helvi, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 7 fin.:

    turri adactā et contingente vallum,

    id. ib. 5, 43; cf.:

    in saltu Vescino Falernum contingente agrum,

    Liv. 10, 21, 8:

    praesidium coloniarum Illyricum contingentium,

    Suet. Aug. 25. —With dat.:

    ut radices montis ex utrāque parte ripae fluminis contingant,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 38.—With inter se:

    ut (milites) contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 21; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23.—
    4.
    With the idea of motion, to reach something by moving, to attain to, reach, come to, arrive at, meet with, etc. (mostly poet.); with acc.:

    optatam metam cursu,

    Hor. A. P. 412:

    Ephyren pennis,

    Ov. M. 7, 392:

    Italiam,

    Verg. A. 5, 18:

    fines Illyricos,

    Ov. M. 4, 568:

    Creten,

    id. ib. 8, 100:

    Cadmeïda arcem,

    id. ib. 6, 217:

    rapidas Phasidos undas,

    id. ib. 7, 6:

    auras,

    to come into the air, id. ib. 15, 416 al.:

    avem ferro,

    to hit, Verg. A. 5, 509; cf. Ov M. 8, 351: ullum mortalem (vox mea), id. id. 2, 578; cf.

    thus aures,

    id. ib. 1, 211; and aures fando, with the acc. and inf., id. ib. 15, 497: aevi florem, to come to or reach the flower of age, Lucr. 1, 565.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to touch, to seize upon, affect (rare). multitudo agrestium, quos in aliquā suā fortunā publica quoque contingebat cura, Liv. 22, 10, 8:

    contactus nullis ante cupidinibus,

    Prop. 1, 1, 2:

    quam me manifesta libido contigit!

    Ov. M. 9, 484: animum curā. Val. Fl. 7, 173; cf.:

    aliquem (curā), contacti simili sorte,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 78. —Far more freq.,
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 2.) To touch with pollution, to pollute, stain, defile, etc.; so generally in part. perf. (as a verb. finit. the kindr. contamino was in use):

    (Gallos) contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros,

    Liv. 21, 48, 3; so,

    contacta civitas rabie duorum juvenum,

    id. 4, 9, 10:

    omnes eā violatione templi,

    id. 29, 8, 11 (for which id. 29, 18, 8:

    nefandà praedā se ipsos ac domos contaminare suas): plebs regiā praedā,

    id. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. 4, 15, 8:

    equi candidi et nullo mortali opere contacti,

    Tac. G. 10: dies (sc. Alliensis) religione, [p. 450] Liv. 6, 28, 6:

    pectora vitiis,

    Tac. Or. 12.—Once absol.:

    contactus ensis,

    Sen. Hippol. 714.—
    2.
    (Acc. to I. B. 3.) With aliquem aliquā re or only aliquem, to be connected with or related to, to concern:

    ut quisque tam foede interemptos aut propinquitate aut amicitiā contingebat,

    Liv. 25, 8, 2:

    aliquem sanguine ac genere,

    id. 45, 7, 3; 24, 22, 14:

    aliquem artissimo gradu,

    Suet. Aug. 4:

    domum Caesarum nullo gradu,

    id. Galb. 2; cf. absol.:

    deos (i. e. Maecenatem et Augustum) quoniam propius contingis,

    have more ready access to the great, Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

    Sabinum modico usu,

    to have little intercourse with, Tac. A. 4, 68:

    multis in Italiā contactis gentibus Punici belli societate,

    Liv. 31, 8, 11; cf.:

    si crĭmine contingantur,

    have part in, Dig. 11, 4, 1:

    haec consultatio Romanos nihil contingit,

    concerns not, Liv. 34, 22, 12; cf.:

    quae (causa) nihil eo facto contingitur,

    id. 40, 14, 9.—
    3.
    (Acc. to I. B. 4.) To attain to, reach, arrive at something, to come to (very rare):

    quam regionem cum superavit animus naturamque sui similem contigit et agnovit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43.—
    b.
    With and without dat. of person; of occurrences, to happen to one, to befall, fall to one's lot, to succeed in, obtain a thing; and absol., to happen, fall to, turn out, come to pass (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition; in gen., of favorable, but sometimes of indifferent, or even adverse occurrences).
    (α).
    With dat.:

    cui tam subito tot contigerint commoda,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

    haec tot propter me gaudia illi contigisse laetor,

    id. Hec. 5, 3, 35:

    quod isti (Crasso) contigit uni,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; 1, 35, 164; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 115; 12, 11, 29; Suet. Caes. 35; id. Calig. 3, 10 et saep.; Ov. M. 3, 321; 11, 268; 15, 443; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 46; 1, 4, 10; 1, 17, 9 et saep.:

    cum tanto plura bene dicendi exempla supersint quam illis contigerunt,

    Quint. 10, 2, 28: quam mihi maxime hic hodie contigerit malum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 268, 12:

    quod (sc. servitus) potentibus populis saepe contigit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

    cum miseri animi essent, quod plerisque contingeret,

    id. N. D. 1, 11, 27; id. Phil. 14, 8, 24; id. Fam. 5, 16, 5; id. Sen. 19, 71; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; 2, 19, 65; id. Fam. 11, 16, 2 al.: quoties ipsi testatori aliquid contingit, a misfortune befalls, etc., Dig. 28, 3, 6:

    si quid ei humanitus contigerit,

    ib. 34, 4, 30 fin. (cf. ib. § 2: sive in viā aliquid mihi humanitus acciderit, and v. 2. accido, II. B.).— Impers. with inf.:

    non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36:

    mihi Romae nutriri atque doceri,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 41:

    mihi recusare principatum,

    Vell. 2, 124, 2:

    mihi cognoscere (eos),

    Quint. 12, 11, 3; 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25; 6, 1, 4 al.—And, at the same time, a dat. of the predicate (post-class. and rare):

    quo tempore mihi fratrique meo destinari praetoribus contigit,

    Vell. 2, 124, 4:

    maximo tibi et civi et duci evadere contigit,

    Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 2 (in Ov. M. 11, 220, the better read. is nepotem); cf. Haase in Reisig. Lect. p. 794 sq.—With ut:

    volo hoc oratori contingat, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 84, 290; id. Off. 1, 1, 3; id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; Quint. 11, 2, 51 al. —
    (β).
    With acc. (very rare):

    sors Tyrrhenum contigit,

    fell upon Tyrrhenus, Vell. 1, 1 fin.:

    Italiam palma frugum,

    Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 109.—
    (γ).
    Absol. (very freq.):

    hanc mi expetivi, contigit,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

    magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

    quod si nulla contingit excusatio,

    Quint. 11, 1, 81:

    ubi quid melius contingit et unctius,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44 et saep.—With abl.:

    quia memoria atque actio naturā non arte contingant,

    Quint. 3, 3, 4; so id. 1, 1, 33; 2, 2, 11 al.—With ex:

    gratia, quae continget ex sermone puro atque dilucido,

    Quint. 11, 1, 53; so id. 8, 3, 70:

    ex eādem brassicā contingunt aestivi autumnalesque cauliculi,

    arise, spring, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 138 al.:

    nihil horum nisi in complexu loquendi serieque contingit,

    Quint. 1, 5, 3.—With inf.:

    fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis Continget,

    Hor. A. P. 51; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25:

    concitare invidiam, etc.... liberius in peroratione contingit,

    id. 6, 1, 14.—With ut:

    quod nunquam opinatus fui... id contigit, ut salvi poteremur domi,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 32; so Quint. 4, 1, 7; 9, 3, 72; 11, 2, 39.
    2.
    con-tingo ( - tinguo), ĕre, v. a., to wet, moisten (perh. only in Lucr. and Verg.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    oras, pocula circum mellis liquore,

    Lucr. 1, 938:

    semina rerum colore,

    id. 2, 755:

    lac parco sale,

    to sprinkle, Verg. G. 3, 403:

    tonsum corpus amurcā,

    id. ib. 3, 448. —
    II.
    Trop.:

    musaeo contingens cuncta lepore,

    Lucr. 1, 934 and 947; 4, 9 and 22.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > continguo

  • 24 mereo

    mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. [cf. Gr. meros, meiromai, moros, etc.; hence, to receive one's share; cf. II. below], to deserve, merit, to be entitled to, be worthy of a thing; constr. with acc., with ut, with ne, with inf., and absol.
    I.
    In gen.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    mereri praemia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 34:

    laudem,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 5; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 18, 60:

    nec minimum decus,

    Hor. A. P. 286:

    amorem,

    Quint. 6 prooem.:

    favorem aut odium,

    id. 4, 1, 44:

    gratiam nullam,

    Liv. 45, 24, 7; Quint. 4, 9, 32:

    fidem,

    Vell. 2, 104 fin.:

    summum honorem,

    Juv. 6, 532:

    supplicium,

    id. 6, 219.—
    (β).
    With ut:

    respondit, sese meruisse, ut decoraretur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232.—
    (γ).
    With ne:

    mereri, ne quis,

    Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 8.—
    (δ).
    With inf.:

    quae merui vitio perdere cuncta meo,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 16:

    credi,

    Quint. 10, 1, 72:

    sanctus haberi,

    Juv. 8, 25.—
    (ε).
    Absol.:

    dignitatem meam, si mereor, tuearis,

    if I deserve it, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 3.—In a bad sense:

    meruisse supplicium,

    Ov. M. 5, 666.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To earn, gain, get, obtain, acquire:

    quid meres? quantillo argenti te conduxit Pseudulus?

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 95: iste, qui meret HS. vicenos, Varr. ap. Non. 4, 296: non amplius duodecim aeris, Cic. [p. 1136] Rosc. Com. 10, 28:

    ne minus gratiae praecipiendo recta quam offensae reprendendo prava mereamur,

    Quint. 4, 2, 39:

    nomen patronorum,

    id. 6, 4, 5:

    indulgentiam, principis ingenio,

    Tac. Dial. 9 fin.:

    nomen gloriamque merere,

    id. H. 2, 37:

    famam,

    id. ib. 2, 31; id. A. 15, 6:

    ancillā natus diadema Quirini meruit,

    Juv. 8, 260:

    odium,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 5, 3:

    quantum quisque uno die mereret,

    Suet. Calig. 40 fin.:

    aera,

    Hor. A. P. 345. —With ut (rare): quem ego ut non excruciem, alterum tantum auri non meream, would not give up torturing him for, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 65: neque ille sibi mereat Persarum montes... ut istuc faciat, would not do it for, etc., id. Stich. 1, 1, 24.—
    B.
    To get by purchase, to buy, purchase:

    uxores, quae vos dote meruerunt,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 124:

    quid arbitramini Rheginos merere velle, ut ab eis marmorea Venus illa auferatur?

    what do you think they would take? for what price would they let it be carried away? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135:

    gloriam,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 13:

    legatum a creditore,

    Dig. 35, 2, 21:

    noxam,

    Petr. 139:

    quid Minyae meruere queri?

    to have reason, cause, Val. Fl. 1, 519.—
    C.
    In milit. lang., mereri and merere stipendia, or simply merere (lit., to earn pay), to serve for pay, to serve as a soldier, serve in the army:

    mereri stipendia,

    Cic. Cael. 5, 11:

    meruit stipendia in eo bello,

    id. Mur. 5, 12:

    adulescens patre suo imperatore meruit,

    id. ib.:

    complures annos,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17:

    triennio sub Hannibale,

    Liv. 21, 4 fin.:

    Romanis in castris,

    Tac. A. 2, 10:

    in Thracia,

    Suet. Vesp. 2:

    merere equo,

    to serve on horseback, in the cavalry, Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20:

    merere pedibus,

    to serve on foot, in the infantry, Liv. 24, 18: mereri aere (al. equo) publico, Varr. ap. Non. 345, 2.—
    D.
    Mereri (ante-class., merere) de aliquo, or de aliquā re, to deserve or merit any thing of one, to behave in any manner towards one, in a good or bad sense (in Plaut. also with erga):

    te ego, ut digna es, perdam, atque ut de me meres,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 22:

    ut erga me est merita,

    id. Am. 5, 1, 49:

    nam de te neque re neque verbis merui, ut faceres quod facis,

    id. Aul. 2, 2, 45: saepe (erga me;

    sc. illam) meritam quod vellem scio,

    that she has often treated me as I desired, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 37.—Esp.: bene, male, optime, etc., mereri, to deserve well, ill, etc.:

    de mendico male meretur, qui ei dat, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 58:

    de re publicā bene mereri,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 5, 2:

    de populi Romani nomine,

    id. Brut. 73, 254:

    melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri, quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,

    id. Lael. 24, 90:

    de re publica meruisse optime,

    id. Att. 10, 4, 5:

    perniciosius de re publicā merentur vitiosi principes,

    id. Leg. 3, 14, 32:

    stet haec urbs praeclara, quoquo modo merita de me erit,

    id. Mil. 34, 93:

    Paulus, qui nihil meruit,

    i. e. was innocent, Lact. 2, 16, 17:

    ita se omni tempore de populo Romano meritos esse, ut,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

    Caesarem imperatorem bene de republicā meritum,

    deserving well, id. B. C. 1, 13:

    optime cum de se meritum judicabat,

    id. ib. 3, 99:

    milites mirifice de re publicā meriti,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 3:

    homines de me divinitus meriti,

    id. Red. in Sen. 12, 30; cf.:

    te ego ut digna's perdam atque ut de me meres,

    Plaut. As. 1, 2, 22.— Hence,
    1.
    mĕrens, entis, P. a., that deserves or merits any thing; in a good sense, deserving; in a bad sense, guilty; that has rendered himself deserving towards any one or of any thing; with de, rarely with dat.; esp. with bene, well-deserving (mostly poet. and post-class.):

    consul laudare, increpare merentes,

    Sall. J. 100:

    laurea decreta merenti,

    Ov. P. 2, 2, 91: quem periisse, ita de re publicā merentem, doleo, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 344, 23; so Inscr. Grut. 933, 5.— With dat.:

    quando tu me bene merentem tibi habes despicatui,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 19.— In sup.: HOMINI BENE MERENTISSIMO, Inscr. Rein. cl. 16, 8; Inscr. Grut. 932, 7; ib. 1129, 3.—
    2.
    mĕrĭtus, a, um, P. a.
    a.
    Deserving:

    meriti juvenci,

    Verg. G. 2, 515.— Sup.: filiae meritissimae, Inscr. Rein. cl. 5, 35. —
    b.
    Pass., deserved, due, fit, just, proper, right:

    ignarus, laus an poena merita esset,

    Liv. 8, 7:

    triumphus,

    id. 39, 4, 6:

    iracundiam, neque eam injustam, sed meritam ac debitam fuisse,

    just, Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 203:

    mors,

    Verg. A 4, 696: noxia, committed, perpetrated, Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 1: meritis de causis, for merited, i. e. just reasons, Dig. 48, 20.— Sup.:

    famā optimā et meritissimā frui,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 15.—Hence,
    3.
    mĕrĭtum, i, n.
    a.
    That which one deserves, desert; in a good sense, reward, recompense; in a bad sense, punishment (only ante- and postclass.):

    nihil suave meritum est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 75:

    specta denique, quale caelesti providentia meritum reportaverit,

    reward, punishment, App. M. 8, p. 214:

    delictorum,

    Tert. Apol. 21.—
    b.
    That by which one deserves any thing of another, a merit; esp. in a good sense, a service, kindness, benefit, favor (class.):

    propter eorum (militum) divinum atque immortale meritum,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14:

    pro singulari eorum merito,

    id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

    magnitudo tuorum erga me meritorum,

    id. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

    et hercule merito tuo feci,

    according to your merits, as you deserved, id. Att. 5, 11, 6:

    pro ingentibus meritis praemia acceperant,

    Tac. A. 14, 53:

    recordatio ingentium meritorum,

    Liv. 39, 49, 11; Curt. 8, 3, 14; Suet. Ner. 3; Sen. Ben. 3, 8, 2.—In Plaut. also in the sup.:

    meritissimo ejus, quae volet faciemus,

    on account of his great merit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 147:

    merita dare et recipere,

    Cic. Lael. 8, 26:

    magna ejus sunt in me non dico officia, sed merita,

    id. Fam. 11, 17, 1.—Also demerit, blame, fault:

    Caesar, qui a me nullo meo merito alienus esse debebat,

    without any fault of mine, id. Sest. 17, 39:

    nullo meo in se merito,

    although I am guilty of no offence against him, Liv. 40, 15:

    leniter, ex merito quicquid patiare, ferendum est,

    Ov. H. 5, 7:

    ex cujusque merito scio me fecisse,

    Liv. 26, 31, 9:

    quosdam punivit, alios praemiis adfecit, neutrum ex merito,

    Tac. H. 4, 50; cf.:

    quod ob meritum nostrum succensuistis?

    Liv. 25, 6, 4.—
    B.
    Transf., worth, value, importance of a thing ( poet. and post-class.):

    quo sit merito quaeque notata dies,

    Ov. F. 1, 7:

    negotiorum,

    Cod. Just. 8, 5, 2: aedificia majoris meriti, of greater value, Cod. Th. 15, 1, 30:

    loci,

    Mart. 8, 65, 7:

    primi saporis mella thymi sucus effundit, secundi meriti thymbra, tertii meriti rosmarinus,

    Pall. 1, 37, 3.—
    4.
    mĕrĭtō, adv., according to desert, deservedly, justly, often connected with jure (class.):

    quamquam merito sum iratus Metello,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 68, § 158:

    merito ac jure laudantur,

    id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; cf.:

    te ipse jure optimo, merito incuses, licet,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23:

    recte ac merito commovebamur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

    merito jam suspectus,

    Juv. 3, 221; 10, 208. — Sup.: meritissimo te magni facio, Turp. ap. Non. 139, 17; Caecil. ib. 18:

    me deridere meritissumo,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 49; Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 234; S. C. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 6; ap. Flor. 1, 9.—Post-class.: meritissime, Sol. 7, 18.—
    b.
    In partic.: libens (lubens) merito, a form of expression used in paying vows; v. libens, under libet.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > mereo

  • 25 modus

    mŏdus, i, m. [root med-, measure, weigh; Gr. medomai, medontes, mêstôr, medimnos; cf.: modius, modestus, moderor], a measure with which, or according to which, any thing is measured, its size, length, circumference, quantity (freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    modi, quibus metirentur rura,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 10, 1:

    is modus acnua Latine appellatur,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 2:

    filio agri reliquit ei non magnum modum,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 13:

    hoc erat in votis, modus agri non ita magnus,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 1:

    de modo agri scripsit,

    Cic. Att. 13, 33, 2:

    de modo agri (actio), cum a venditore emptor deceptus est,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 19, 1:

    modus hic agri nostro non sufficit horto,

    Juv. 14, 172:

    modus altitudinis et latitudinis (sulcorum),

    Col. 11, 3, 4:

    collis modum jugeri continens,

    Col. Arbor. 1, 6:

    ut omnium par modus sit,

    Cels. 3, 27; cf. Col. 12, 23:

    falsus,

    false measure, Dig. 11, 6: magnus legionum, Vell. 2, 73, 2: hic mihi conteritur vitae modus, measure or term of life, Prop. 1, 7, 9.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Pregn., a proper measure, due measure:

    in modo fundi non animadverso lapsi sunt multi,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 11:

    suus cuique (rei) modus est,

    Cic. Or. 22, 73:

    ordine et modo,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

    modum alicujus rei habere,

    to observe measure in a thing, not exceed the bounds of moderation, id. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 144:

    vox quasi extra modum absona,

    beyond measure, immoderately, id. de Or. 3, 11, 41:

    cum lacus praeter modum crevisset,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    ii sine dubio fidem et modum transeunt,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 102:

    supra modum in servos suos saevire,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 53:

    sine modo modestiāque,

    without measure, without moderation, Sall. J. 41, 9:

    sine modo ac modestia agi,

    Liv. 26, 48, 11.—
    2.
    The measure of tones, measure, rhythm, melody, harmony, time; in poetry, measure, metre, mode:

    vocum,

    Cic. Div. 2, 3, 9:

    musici,

    Quint. 1, 10, 14:

    lyrici,

    Ov. H. 15, 6:

    fidibus Latinis Thebanos aptare modos,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 12: Bacchico exsultas (i. e. exsultans) modo, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 152 Vahl.):

    flebilibus modis concinere,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106: saltare ad tibicinis modos, to the music or sound of the flute, Liv. 7, 2:

    nectere canoris Eloquium vocale modis,

    Juv. 7, 19.—Fig.:

    verae numerosque modosque ediscere vitae,

    moral harmonies, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 144.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A measure which is not to be exceeded, a bound, limit, end, restriction, etc.:

    modus muliebris nullust, neque umquam lavando et fricando modum scimus facere,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 21:

    quis modus tibi tandem exilio eveniet,

    id. Merc. 3, 4, 67:

    modum aliquem et finem orationi facere,

    to set bounds to, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

    ludendi est quidem modus retinendus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 104:

    imponere alicui,

    Liv. 4, 24, 4:

    cum modum irae nullum faceret,

    id. 4, 50, 4:

    modum transire,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 4:

    cupidinibus statuat natura modum quem,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 111:

    inimicitiarum modum facere,

    Cic. Sull. 17, 48:

    modum statuarum haberi nullum placet,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 144:

    qui rebus infinitis modum constituant,

    id. Fin. 1, 1, 2:

    constituere,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 145: modus vitae, tou biou telos, Prop. 1, 7, 9. —With gen. gerund.:

    modum lugendi aliquando facere,

    to make an end of mourning, Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 6.— Poet. with inf.:

    nam quis erit saevire modus?

    Stat. Th. 12, 573; cf. the foll.—
    B.
    A way, manner, mode, method:

    modus est, in quo quem ad modum, et quo animo factum sit, quaeritur, Ejus partes sunt prudentia, et imprudentia,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 41:

    nullum modum esse hominis occidendi quo ille non aliquot occiderit,

    id. Rosc. Am. 35, 100:

    nec enim semper (hae partes) tractantur uno modo,

    id. Or. 35, 122:

    vitae,

    way of life, id. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

    caelestium ordinem... imitari vitae modo,

    id. Sen. 21, 77: quibus modis, by what method of acting, i. e. what means, Sall. C. 5, 6:

    cultores has Alpis modo tuto transmittere,

    Liv. 21, 30, 8.— Poet. with inf.:

    nec modus inserere atque oculos imponere simplex,

    Verg. G. 2, 73.—
    2.
    Esp. freq.: modo, in modum, or ad modum, with a gen. or adj., in the manner of, like:

    servorum modo,

    in the manner of, like slaves, Liv. 39, 26:

    pecorum modo trahi,

    Tac. A. 4, 25:

    in modum ramorum,

    Col. Arbor. 22:

    in nostrum modum,

    in our manner, Tac. H. 3, 25:

    servilem in modum cruciari,

    like slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3; Suet. Calig. 56:

    mirum in modum,

    in a wonderful manner, wonderfully, Caes. B. G. 1, 41:

    ad hunc modum distributis legionibus,

    in this manner, id. ib. 5, 24:

    naves ad hunc modum factae,

    id. ib. 3, 13:

    nos nostras more nostro et modo instruximus legiones,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 66:

    non tuo hoc fiet modo,

    id. Men. 2, 1, 25:

    si humano modo, si usitato more peccāsset,

    after the manner of men, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 8; cf.:

    Carneadeo more et modo disputata,

    id. Univ. 1; for which with gen.:

    apis Matinae More modoque,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 28; and:

    agendi more ac modo,

    Quint. 11, 1, 29:

    tali modo,

    in such a manner, in such wise, Nep. Att. 21, 1:

    nullo modo,

    in no wise, by no means, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 186:

    omni modo egi cum rege et ago cotidie,

    in every way, earnestly, urgently, id. Att. 6, 2, 7: omnibus modis tibi esse rem salvam [p. 1157] ut scias, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 13:

    omnibus modis miser sum,

    every way, wholly, completely, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 79:

    miris modis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 9; Liv. 1, 57, 6; Hor. C. 2, 17, 21:

    mille modis amor ignorandust,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 30:

    hoc multis modis reprehendi potest,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 82 (v. Madv. ad h. l.); so,

    filium multis modis jam exspecto, ut redeat domum,

    very much, Ter. Hec. 2, 3, 7; cf.

    multimodis: mira miris modis,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 5; cf.

    mirimodis: eum tibi commendo in majorem modum,

    very much, greatly, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 3:

    nullo modo,

    id. Fin. 2, 31, 102; Col. 9, 8; Suet. Tit. 2:

    bono modo,

    moderately, Cato, R. R. 5:

    bono modo desiderare aliquid,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3: ejus modi, of that kind, of such a kind or sort (freq.):

    ejusmodi sunt tempestates consecutae, ut,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

    in ejusmodi casu,

    id. ib. 5, 33, 4;

    6, 34, 7: erant ejusmodi fere situs oppidorum, ut,

    id. ib. 3, 12, 1:

    petitionis nostrae hujusmodi ratio est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; so,

    cujusquemodi, cujusdammodi, cujusmodicumque, cuimodi, cuicuimodi, v. Zumpt, § 678: cujusmodi,

    of what sort, Cic. Fam. 15, 20, 3:

    cujuscemodi,

    of what sort soever, id. Inv. 2, 45, 134: hujusmodi, hujuscemodi, of this kind, such:

    hujusmodi casus,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 22:

    hujuscemodi verba,

    Sall. J. 9 fin.:

    illiusmodi,

    of that kind, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; so,

    istiusmodi amicos,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 15.—
    3.
    In gram., a form of a verb, a voice or mood:

    in verbo fiunt soloecismi per genera, tempora, personas, modos, etc.,

    Quint. 1, 5, 41: patiendi modus ( the passive voice)... faciendi modus ( the active voice), id. 9, 3, 7; cf. 1, 6, 26.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > modus

  • 26 nemo

    nēmō̆ ( o long, Hor. S. 1, 1, 1;

    short,

    Mart. 1, 40; Juv. 2, 83 al.), ĭnis (but in class. Lat. nullius is used for the gen., and nullo or nullā for the abl.; gen. neminis, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; abl. nemine, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 89; Cic. Or. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 19, p. 242 Klotz; Tac. A. 16, 27; id. H. 2, 47; Suet. Aug. 45; 95; id. Tib. 12; 17 et saep.; dat. nemini, rare but class., Caes. B. C. 1, 85, 12; Sall. C. 13, 1; id. J. 24, 4), m. and f. [ne-homo; cf. praeda for praehenda: nemo compositum videtur ex ne et homo: quod confirmatur magis, quia in personā semper ponitur, nec pluraliter formari solet, quia intellegitur pro nullo, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.], no man, no one, nobody: quem nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.): nemo me lacrimis decoret, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117 (Epigr. v. 3 ib.): quos non miseret neminis, id. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll. (Trag. v. 174 ib.); so Cato ib.; Lucil. ap. Non. 143, 19; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106:

    facio pluris omnium hominum neminem,

    Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; id. Fam. 6, 6, 10:

    amicum ex consularibus neminem tibi esse video, praeter, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 5, b, 2:

    in quo (collegio) nemo e decem sanā mente sit,

    id. Leg. 3, 10, 24:

    nemo ex tanto numero est, quin, etc.,

    id. Font. 2, 5:

    nemo de iis, qui, etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 43, 191:

    omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior, quam, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    nemine juvante,

    Just. 9, 1, 4:

    ubi nemo est, qui possit corrumpere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 46:

    nemo reperietur, qui dicat, etc.,

    id. Font. Fragm. 2, 3; Cic. Att. 7, 3, 8.—Nemo non, every one, everybody, all:

    aperte adulantem nemo non videt, nisi, etc.,

    Cic. Lael. 26, 99:

    nemo Arpinas non Plancio studet,

    id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    nemo potest non beatissimus esse,

    id. Par. 2, 17.—Non nemo, many a one, some:

    video de istis abesse non neminem,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10; id. Caecin. 28, 79:

    quas leges ausus est non nemo improbus,

    id. Pis. 5, 10.—Strengthened by a negative following:

    neminem deo, nec deum, nec hominem carum esse vultis,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 121:

    nemo umquam neque orator, neque poëta fuit, qui, etc.,

    id. Att. 14, 20, 2.—As adj.:

    nemo homo,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 29:

    ut per biduum nemo hominem homo agnosceret,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 96:

    ut hominem neminem pluris faciam,

    id. Fam. 13, 55, 1.—

    Nemo unus,

    no one, Liv. 28, 35; 2, 6; 3, 12:

    nemo unus contra ire ausus est,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—Nemo quisquam, no one at all, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 2; Gell. 2, 6, 9.—Nemo alter, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 91; and nemo alius, no one else:

    alium enim cui illam commendem habeo neminem,

    Cic. Att. 11, 9, 3; id. Mil. 17, 46.—
    b.
    In fem.:

    vicinam neminem amo magis quam te,

    Plaut. Casin. 2, 2, 12; Ter. And. 3, 2, 26.—
    B.
    Trop., a nobody:

    me moverat nemo magis quam is, quem tu neminem putas,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 8.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Adj., no, not any ( = nullus): nemo civis neque hostis, Enn. ap. Sen. Ep. 18, 5 (Epigr. v. 5 Vahl.):

    se adhuc reperire discipulum, potuisse neminem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 129:

    vir nemo bonus ab improbo se donari vult,

    id. Leg. 2, 16, 41:

    opifex,

    id. N. D. 2, 32, 81; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—
    B.
    Of things, for nullus (post-class.): neminem excepit diem, Prud. steph. 10, 744.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nemo

  • 27 ordo

    ordo, ĭnis, m. [from root or-; Sanscr. ar-, to go, strive upward; cf. orior, through an adj. stem ordo-; v. Corss. Krit. Beitr. p. 108], a regular row, line, or series, methodical arrangement, order (class.; syn.: series, tenor).
    I.
    In gen.:

    ordinem sic definiunt compositionem rerum aptis et accommodatis locis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 40, 142:

    vis ordinis et collocationis,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 142:

    arbores in ordinem satae,

    i. e. planted in a quincunx, Varr. R. R. 1, 7; cf. Cic. Caecil. 8, 22; id. Sen. 17, 59.—
    B.
    Esp., right order, regular succession:

    fatum appello ordinem seriemque causarum,

    Cic. Div. 1, 55, 125:

    nihil esse pulchrius in omni ratione vitae dispositione atque ordine,

    Col. 12, 2:

    adhibere modum quendam et ordinem rebus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 5, 17:

    mox referam me ad ordinem,

    will soon bring myself to order, return to order, id. Ac. 2, 20, 67:

    res in ordinem redigere,

    to reduce to order, Auct. Her. 3, 9, 16; so,

    in ordinem adducere,

    Cic. Univ. 3:

    ordinem conservare,

    id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

    eundem tenere,

    to preserve, id. Phil. 5, 13, 35:

    sequi,

    id. Brut. 69, 244:

    immutare,

    to change, id. Or. 63, 214:

    perturbare,

    to disturb, id. Brut. 62, 223: cogere or redigere in ordinem, to reduce to order, to humble, degrade:

    decemviri querentes, se in ordinem cogi,

    Liv. 3, 51; 3, 35; Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 1; Quint. 1, 4, 3; so,

    in ordinem redactus,

    Suet. Vesp. 15; cf.

    trop.: gula reprimenda et quasi in ordinem redigenda est,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5.—
    C.
    Adverb. expressions.
    1.
    Ordine, in ordinem, per ordinem, in ordine, ex ordine, in order, in turn:

    Hegioni rem enarrato omnem ordine,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 53; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 17; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28:

    interrogare,

    Cic. Part. 1, 2:

    tabulae in ordinem confectae,

    id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

    ordine cuncta exposuit,

    Liv. 3, 50, 4; 30, 15, 1:

    sortiti nocte singuli per ordinem,

    Quint. 4, 2, 72:

    hos Corydon, illos referebat in ordine Thyrsis,

    Verg. E. 7, 20; id. A. 8, 629:

    ut quisque aetate et honore antecedebat, ita sententiam dixit ex ordine,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 143:

    ordine se vocante,

    when his turn came, Macr. S. 2, 2, § 12:

    in ordine vicis,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.—
    2.
    Ordine, regularly, properly, appropriately:

    omnia ut quidque Egisti ordine scio,

    Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 15:

    rem demonstravi ordine,

    id. Mil. 3, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 3, 17 Brix ad loc.:

    an id recte, ordine, e re publicā factum esse defendes?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

    si hoc recte atque ordine factum videtur,

    id. Quint. 7, 28.—
    3.
    Ex ordine, in succession, without intermission:

    vendit Italiae possessiones ex ordine omnes,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 4:

    septem illum totos perhibent ex ordine menses Flevisse,

    Verg. G. 4, 507; cf. id. A. 5, 773.—
    4.
    Extra ordinem.
    a.
    Out of course, in an unusual or extraordinary manner:

    extra ordinem decernere provinciam alicui,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:

    crimina probantur,

    in an illegal manner, Dig. 48, 1, 8.—
    b.
    Extraordinarily, i. e. uncommonly, eminently, especially:

    ad eam spem, quam extra ordinem de te ipso habemus, accedunt tua praecipua,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 3.—
    II.
    Transf. concr.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Tres ordines lapidum, three courses of stones, Vulg. 3 Reg. 6, 36.—In building, a row, course, or layer of stones, etc.:

    obstructis in speciem portis singulis ordinibus caespitum,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 51:

    alius insuper ordo adicitur,

    id. ib. 7, 23: tot premit ordinibus caput, tiers or layers of ornaments, Juv. 6, 502. —
    2.
    A row of benches or seats:

    terno consurgunt ordine remi,

    in three rows of oar-banks, Verg. A. 5, 120:

    sex ordinum navem invenit Xenagoras,

    Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 208.—In the theatre, a row of seats: post senatores ex vetere instituto quatuordecim graduum ordines equestri ordini assignati fuere, Suet. [p. 1278] Aug. 44:

    sedisti in quatuordecim ordinibus,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 44.—
    3.
    A train of servants or attendants:

    comitum longissimus ordo,

    Juv. 3, 284.—
    B.
    In milit. lang.
    1.
    A line or rank of soldiers in battle array:

    auxilia regis nullo ordine iter fecerant,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

    ne quisquam ordine egrederetur,

    Sall. J. 45, 2:

    nullo ordine commutato,

    id. ib. 101, 2:

    sine signis, sine ordinibus,

    id. ib. 97, 5; so,

    signa atque ordines observare,

    to keep the ranks, remain in line, id. ib. 51, 1:

    conturbare,

    id. ib. 50, 4:

    restituere,

    id. ib. 51, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 8, 8.—
    2.
    A band, troop, company of soldiers:

    viri fortissimi atque honestissimi, qui ordines duxerunt,

    who have led companies, have been officers, Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20:

    L. Pupius primipili centurio, qui hunc eundem ordinem in exercitu Pompeii antea duxerat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 13. —Hence,
    3.
    A captaincy, a command: ordinem alicui adimere, Tab. Heracl. ap. Mazoch. p. 423, n. 47; cf.

    on the contrary: alicui assignare,

    Liv. 42, 34:

    DARE,

    Inscr. Orell. 3456:

    centuriones ad superiores ordines transducere,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 40; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 4.—
    (β).
    Ordines, chieftains, captains:

    tribunis militum primisque ordinibus convocatis,

    the captains of the first companies, Caes. B. G. 6, 7 fin.; Liv. 30, 4, 1.—
    C.
    In a polit. respect, an order, i. e. a rank, class, degree of citizens:

    et meus med ordo inrideat,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 55.—In the time of Cicero there were three principal classes, ordo senatorius, equester, and plebeius:

    Fidiculanius cujus erat ordinis? senatoril,

    Cic. Clu. 37, 104; id. Fl. 18, 43:

    proximus est huic dignitati equester ordo,

    Cic. Dom. 28, 74; Suet. Aug. 41:

    inferiores loco, auctoritate, ordine,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 127: ordo amplissimus, i. e. the Senate:

    quem absentem in amplissimum ordinem cooptarunt,

    id. Cael. 2, 5;

    also termed SPLENDIDISSIMVS ORDO,

    Inscr. Orell. 1180; 1181; and simply ordo, the order, for the Senate:

    ordo Mutinensis,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; Inscr. Grut. 425, 1:

    trecentos ex dediticiis electos utriusque ordinis,

    i. e. of the two upper classes, Suet. Aug. 15.—
    2.
    In gen., a class, rank, station, condition:

    mearum me rerum aequom'st novisse ordinem,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 50:

    publicanorum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 2:

    aratorum, pecuariorum, mercatorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

    homo ornatissimus loco, ordine, nomine,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 48, §

    127: libertini,

    Suet. Gram. 18.—So in the inscrr.: SACERDOTVM, HARVSPICVM, etc., Grut. 320, 12; 304, 7; 302, 2 et saep.; so,

    grammatici alios auctores in ordinem redigerunt, alios omnino exemerant numero,

    recognized among, placed in the rank of, Quint. 1, 4, 3.—
    (β).
    Esp. (eccl. Lat.), an order in the church, an ecclesiastical rank or office:

    ordines sacerdotum et Levitarum,

    Vulg. 2 Esdr. 13, 30:

    secundum ordinem Melchisedek,

    id. Psa. 109, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ordo

  • 28 pacisco

    păcisco, ĕre, 3, v. n. and a. [collat. form of dep. paciscor, q. v.], to agree, contract, bargain, covenant (class. only in perf. part. pass.): id quoque paciscunt, Naev. ap. Non. 474, 17:

    paciscit, obsides ut reddant,

    id. ib. 18.—Hence, pactus, a, um, in pass. signif., agreed upon, settled, determined, covenanted, stipulated (class.).
    A.
    In gen.:

    pactum pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    pacta praemia,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2:

    dies,

    id. Cat. 1, 9, 24:

    merces,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 22:

    foedus,

    Cic. Sest. 14, 33:

    cum hoste pactae induciae,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33.—In the abl. absol.:

    quidam pacto inter se ut victorem res sequeretur, ferro decreverunt,

    by agreement, Liv. 28, 21, 5; Sil. 14, 97.—
    B.
    In partic., betrothed:

    haec tibi pacta'st Callicli filia,

    Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 59:

    cujus filio pacta est Artavasdis filia,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 2:

    alii pacta puella,

    Tac. A. 1, 55:

    Turnus, cui pacta Lavinia fuerat,

    Liv. 1, 2:

    conjux,

    Verg. A. 10, 722.—Hence, as subst.
    1.
    pacta, ae, f., a betrothed woman:

    gremiis abducere pactas,

    Verg. A. 10, 79:

    pacta ejus, Menelai filia,

    Vell. 1, 1, 3; Juv. 6, 200.—
    2.
    pactus, i, m., a betrothed husband, a man engaged or promised in marriage:

    proles Amissum didicere patrem, Marpissaque pactum,

    Stat. Th. 3, 172.—
    3.
    pactum, i, n., an agreement, covenant, contract, stipulation, compact, pact (cf.:

    conventio, pactio, obligatio): pactum est, quod inter aliquos convenit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68; cf. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

    pacta et promissa semperne servanda sint,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

    mansit in condicione atque pacto,

    id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

    pacti et conventi formula,

    id. Caecin. 18, 51; cf.:

    ex pacto et convento,

    id. Att. 6, 3, 1:

    pacta conventaque,

    Sen. Ben. 3, 15, 1:

    stare pacto,

    Liv. 9, 11:

    pactum violans,

    Vulg. Mal. 2, 10 et saep.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), the covenant of God:

    dereliquerunt pactum Domini,

    Vulg. Deut. 29, 25; id. 3 Reg. 11, 11; id. 2 Par. 6, 14.— Poet.:

    sacrum,

    i. e. a marriagecontract, Val. Fl. 8, 401; cf. Juv. 6, 25.—
    (β).
    Transf., in gen., abl. pacto (like ratione and modo), manner, way, means (class.):

    percontat Aeneas, quo pacto Troiam urbem liquerit,

    Naev. Bell. Pun. 2, 1:

    si non fecero ei male aliquo pacto,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 27; id. Am. prol. 137:

    nescio quo pacto semper hoc fit,

    how, Cic. Mur. 21, 43; id. Quint. 17:

    non tacebo umquam alio pacto, nisi, etc.,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 46:

    aliquo pacto verba his dabo,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 13:

    quoquo pacto tacito est opus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 44: si nullo alio pacto, id. Phorm. 2, 1, 71:

    alio pacto docere,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30:

    fieri nullo pacto potest, ut, etc.,

    id. Fin. 1, 8, 27; Ter. And. 1, 5, 12:

    servi mei si me isto pacto metuerent,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 10; 1, 8, 13:

    hoc pacto,

    Verg. G. 2, 248.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pacisco

  • 29 prorsus

    1.
    prorsus (collat. form prōsus, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 2; Enn. ap. Non. 165, 11; Trag. Rel. p. 28 Rib.; but p. 107 Vahl. reads prorsus), adv. [for pro-versus].
    I.
    Forwards (ante-class.):

    non prorsus, verum transvorsus cedit, quasi cancer solet,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 45.—
    II.
    Straight on, right onwards, directly (ante- and post-class.), Cato ap. Fest. p. 234 Müll.:

    tunc Arionem prorsus ex eo loco Corinthum petivisse,

    Gell. 16, 19, 17.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Straightway, by all means, certainly, truly, precisely, utterly, absolutely (class.):

    prorsus perii,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 27:

    vide ne ille huc prorsus se inruat,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 11; 3, 2, 26:

    prorsus tacere nequeo,

    id. Hec. 4, 4, 51: ita [p. 1474] prorsus existimo, Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

    nullo modo potest fleri prosus,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 2:

    nullo modo prorsus assentior,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 8, 21; id. Att. 13, 45, 1:

    verbum prorsus nullum intellego,

    not a single word, id. de Or. 2, 14, 61:

    venies exspectatus non solum nobis, sed prorsus omnibus,

    id. Fam. 4, 10, 1:

    affatim prorsus,

    id. Att. 16, 1, 5:

    prorsus vehementer et severe,

    id. ib. 16, 15, 2:

    hoc mihi prorsus valde placet,

    id. Fam. 6, 20, 2; Plin. 14, 5, 7, § 58.—Ironically:

    grati prorsus conjugibus revertemur,

    Curt. 5, 5, 13.—
    2.
    Exactly, just, precisely:

    set ea prorsus opportuna Catilinae,

    Sall. C. 16, 5; Varr. L. L. 6, § 16 dub.;

    v. Müll. ad h. l.: prorsus quasi,

    precisely as if, Just. 1, 7, 16.—
    3.
    After an enumeration of particulars, in short, in fine, in a word: igitur colos exsanguis, foedi oculi: citus modo, modo tardus incessus;

    prorsus in facie vultuque vecordia inerat,

    Sall. C. 15, 5; 25, 5; id. J. 23, 1; 30, 3 al.
    2.
    prorsus (collat. form prōsus; v. II.), a, um, adj. [for pro-versus].
    I.
    Straightforwards, right onwards, straight, direct (post-Aug.):

    prorso tramite siste gradus (al. proso),

    Avien. 3:

    prorsi limites appellantur in agrorum mensuris, qui ad orientem directi sunt,

    Fest. p. 234, and Paul. ex Fest. p. 235 Müll.—
    II.
    Trop., of style, straightforwards, i. e. prosaic, in prose, opp. to verse (post-class.): prorsum est porro versum, id est ante versum. Hinc et prorsa oratio, quam non inflexit cantilena, Don. Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 14:

    et prorsa et vorsa facundia veneratus sum,

    in prose and verse, App. Flor. 4, p. 361, 36.—In this sense predominant (but not found in Cic.) in the form prosa oratio, prose, =soluta oratio, Quint. 1, 5, 18; 11, 2, 39:

    prosa eloquentia,

    Vell. 1, 17, 3; Sen. ap. Gell. 12, 2, 6; Col. 11, 1, 1; Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 112.— Subst.: prōsa, ae, f., prose, Quint. 1, 8, 2; 8, 6, 17; 20; 9, 4, 52 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > prorsus

  • 30 solacium

    sōlācĭum ( sōlāt-), ii, n. [solor], a soothing, assuaging; a comfort, relief, consolation, solace (class.; used equally in sing. and plur.):

    et vigilantibus hinc aderant solacia somni,

    Lucr. 5, 1405:

    permulcent animos solacia vitae,

    id. 5, 21; 6, 4:

    haec sunt solacia, haec fomenta summorum dolorum,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 59:

    oblectamenta et solacia servitutis,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 134:

    perfugium ac solacium praebere,

    id. Arch. 7, 16:

    praebere solacia,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 117:

    id solacio est,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.:

    vacare culpā magnum est solacium,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 4:

    me ipse consolor et maxime illo solacio, quod, etc.,

    id. Lael. 3, 10:

    frui solacio,

    id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16 (corresp. to consolari): uti solacio, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 26:

    nosque malo solacio, sed non nullo tamen, consolamur,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 1:

    alicui solacia dare,

    id. Brut. 3, 11:

    magnum afferret mihi aetas ipsa solacium,

    id. Lael. 27, 104:

    surdae adhibere menti,

    Ov. M. 9, 654:

    dicere,

    id. ib. 10, 132; 11, 329; id. P. 4, 11, 17:

    hoc sibi solacii proponebant, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

    cujus luctus nullo solacio levari potest,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

    solacia luctus Exigua ingentis,

    Verg. A. 11, 62:

    egregium solacium suae morti invenire,

    Liv. 25, 16, 20:

    afficere aliquem solacio,

    Tac. A. 3, 24:

    adulescentulos sacerdotiis in solacium recolere,

    id. H. 1, 77:

    cineri atque ossibus alicujus solacium reportare,

    i.e. an atonement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 120; cf.:

    tumulo solacia posco,

    Ov. M. 7, 483:

    vos et liberos Germanici et nos parentes justis solaciis afficite,

    Tac. A. 3, 12; Phaedr. 1, 9, 8; Luc. 2, 91; 8, 469; Stat. Th. 1, 596; Just. 1, 8, 9:

    solacium annonae,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 29, 80; Val. Max. 4, 8, 2 ext.; Spart. Hadr. 9 fin.; Tac. A. 15, 39.— Poet.: aves, solacia ruris, consolers (because they cheer the laborers with their singing), Ov. F. 1, 441; cf.:

    (musae) solacia frigida,

    id. P. 4, 2, 45:

    dicta, duri solacia casus,

    Verg. A. 6, 377. —
    II.
    In jurid. Lat., a compensation, indemnification:

    solacium pro aliquā re alicui praestare,

    Dig. 8, 4, 13:

    solacium certum ei constitutum est,

    ib. 26, 7, 33 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solacium

  • 31 solutum

    solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

    soluisse,

    Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
    I.
    To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
    A.
    In a corporeal sense.
    1.
    Outwardly, to release.
    a.
    From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

    solvite istas,

    i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

    solvite istum,

    id. Mil. 5, 32:

    numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

    jube solvi (eum),

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

    ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

    ut vincti solvantur,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

    12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    ita nexi soluti (sunt),

    Liv. 8, 28, 9:

    solvite me, pueri,

    Verg. E. 6, 24:

    fore ut brevi solveretur,

    Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

    canis solutus catena,

    Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

    solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

    Stat. Th. 5, 15:

    terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
    b.
    From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

    solverat sol equos,

    unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

    et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

    et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

    id. H. 11, 4:

    praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

    Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

    soluta toga,

    Quint. 11, 3, 147:

    vela solvere,

    Verg. A. 4, 574.—
    c.
    From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

    Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

    Prop. 2, 1, 69:

    fraxinus solvitur,

    from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

    ceciditque soluta pinus,

    id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

    pinus radice soluta, deficit,

    id. S. 5, 1, 152:

    solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

    accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

    detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

    but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

    Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

    querno solvunt de stipite funem,

    id. F. 4, 333:

    fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

    id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

    curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

    Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

    imber caelesti nube solutus,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

    cum solis radii absumant,

    Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

    solutum a latere pugionem,

    detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
    d.
    Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
    (α).
    With acc. alone:

    eisce confectis navem solvimus,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

    navim cupimus solvere,

    id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

    naves solvit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

    3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

    Liv. 45, 6:

    postero die solvere naves (jussi),

    id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

    classem solvere,

    Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
    (β).
    With ab and abl.:

    navis a terra solverunt,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

    quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

    Liv. 31, 7 med.:

    solvunt a litore puppes,

    Luc. 2, 649.—
    (γ).
    With ex and abl.:

    nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

    interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
    (δ).
    With abl.:

    complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

    portu solventibus,

    id. Mur. 2, 4.—
    (ε).
    Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

    tertia fere vigilia solvit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

    nos eo die cenati solvimus,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

    altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

    Liv. 31, 14 init.:

    qui inde solverant,

    Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

    solvi mare languido,

    Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

    fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

    id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

    non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

    making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
    (ζ).
    With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

    naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
    (η).
    Poet. usages:

    de litore puppis solvit iter,

    clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

    nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

    Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
    e.
    Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

    Lucr. 6, 706:

    cruor solvitur,

    Stat. Th. 9, 530:

    lacrimas solvere,

    id. Achill. 2, 256:

    solutis lacrimis,

    Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

    partus solvere,

    to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
    2.
    To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
    a.
    In gen.:

    omne colligatum solvi potest,

    Cic. Fin. 11.—
    b.
    Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

    Curt. 8, 10, 3:

    solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

    dubitavit an solveret pontem,

    Curt. 4, 16, 8:

    solvere pontem,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    si pons solutus sit,

    Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

    solutus pons tempestatibus,

    Just. 2, 13, 9:

    currum (solis) solutum,

    Manil. 1, 740.—
    c.
    Of woven stuff:

    solvens texta,

    Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
    d.
    Of mountains:

    utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

    tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

    id. Agam. 553.—
    e.
    Of the neck:

    soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

    broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
    f.
    Of a comet:

    momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
    g.
    Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

    solve capillos,

    Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

    crinem,

    id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

    comas casside,

    Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
    h.
    Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

    post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

    ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

    Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
    3.
    To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
    (α).
    Of a change into air or gas:

    calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

    dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

    nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

    id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

    ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

    Stat. Th. 5, 285;

    nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

    Ov. M. 15, 845.—
    (β).
    Into a liquid, to melt:

    saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

    terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

    id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

    nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

    Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

    ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

    nivem solvere,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

    rigor auri solvitur aestu,

    Lucr. 1, 493:

    ferrum calidi solvant camini,

    Manil. 4, 250:

    cerae igne solutae,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

    Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

    Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

    (herba) quinto die solvitur,

    id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
    (γ).
    Of putrefaction:

    (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

    Verg. G. 4, 302.—
    (δ).
    Of change in general:

    inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

    Ov. F. 1, 108:

    repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

    Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
    (ε).
    Of expansion by heat:

    (uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
    (ζ).
    Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

    gravitas aeris solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
    (η).
    Solvi in, to pass into, become:

    in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

    Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

    donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

    disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

    postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

    Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
    4.
    To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

    solvere orbes,

    Manil. 1, 497:

    ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

    Lucr. 3, 287:

    (Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

    Liv. 39, 40, 11:

    si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

    (turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

    id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

    tabes solvit corpora,

    Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

    nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

    id. 3, 506:

    ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

    Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

    solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

    Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

    hanc mihi solvite vitam,

    Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
    a.
    From the body, etc.:

    teque isto corpore solvo,

    Verg. A. 4, 703:

    soluta corpore anima,

    Quint. 5, 14, 13:

    qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

    Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

    vocem solvere,

    to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

    suspiria solvit,

    Stat. Th. 11, 604:

    solvat turba jocos,

    Sen. Med. 114:

    solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

    Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

    unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
    b.
    Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

    linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

    Ov. M. 3, 261:

    lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

    ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

    id. Const. 11, 3:

    (fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

    Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

    magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

    Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

    of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

    unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
    c.
    From obligations and debts:

    solvit me debito,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

    an nos debito solverit,

    id. Ep. 81, 3:

    ut religione civitas solvatur,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

    te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

    hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

    Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

    sacramento solvi,

    Tac. A. 16, 13:

    cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

    Dig. 49, 16, 13:

    militia solvere,

    Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

    ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

    Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

    ut manere solveretur,

    that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
    d.
    From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

    si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

    be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

    atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

    id. ib. 4, 9:

    sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

    Ov. F. 6, 452:

    ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

    id. ib. 2, 40:

    Helenen ego crimine solvo,

    id. A. A. 2, 371:

    quid crimine solvis Germanum?

    Stat. Th. 11, 379:

    solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
    e.
    From feelings, etc.:

    quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

    cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

    senatus cura belli solutus,

    Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

    pectus linquunt cura solutum,

    Lucr. 2, 45:

    his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

    soluti metu,

    Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

    solvent formidine terras,

    Verg. E. 4, 14:

    solve metu patriam,

    Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

    metu belli Scythas solvit,

    Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

    haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

    soluti a cupiditatibus,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

    his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

    id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

    longo luctu,

    Verg. A. 2, 26:

    tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

    Sen. Hippol. 450:

    solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

    id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

    Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

    solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

    the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

    rabie tigrim,

    Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

    ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

    Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

    calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

    i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

    solvite animos,

    Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

    vix haec in munera solvo animum,

    i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
    f.
    From sleep, very rare:

    ego somno solutus sum,

    awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
    g.
    From labor, business, etc.:

    volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

    Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

    solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

    Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

    Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

    to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
    h.
    From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    frontem solvere disce,

    Mart. 14, 183:

    saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

    Stat. Th. 11, 373:

    solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

    solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

    be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

    vultum risu solvit,

    relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

    risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

    Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

    solvere judicem,

    unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

    solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

    Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

    ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

    cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

    Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

    solventur risu tabulae,

    i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

    quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

    Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
    k.
    From any cause of restraint.
    (α).
    To release from siege:

    Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

    Liv. 44, 30:

    patriam obsidione solvere,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
    (β).
    From moral restraints:

    hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

    gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
    l.
    From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
    (α).
    To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

    Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

    cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

    ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

    id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

    Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

    id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

    solvatne legibus Scipionem,

    Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

    petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

    Liv. 31, 50, 8:

    Scipio legibus solutus est,

    id. Epit. 56:

    Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

    Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

    ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

    Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

    (aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

    solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

    id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

    nec leti lege solutas,

    Lucr. 3, 687:

    nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

    Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

    et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
    (β).
    Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

    reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

    i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

    soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

    id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

    solutus Legibus insanis,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

    quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

    Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
    2.
    To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
    (α).
    Of troops, ranks, etc.:

    ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

    Liv. 42, 65, 8:

    incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

    Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

    agmina Diductis solvere choris,

    Verg. A. 5, 581:

    solvit maniplos,

    Juv. 8, 154:

    solvuntur laudata cohors,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

    commissas acies ego possum solvere,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
    (β).
    Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

    convivio soluto,

    Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

    convivium solvit,

    Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

    Quid cessas convivia solvere?

    Ov. F. 6, 675:

    coetuque soluto Discedunt,

    id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
    (γ).
    Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

    (discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

    Quint. 1, 9, 2:

    quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

    id. 9, 4, 14:

    ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

    id. 1, 8, 13:

    non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
    3.
    Implying a change for the worse.
    a.
    To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

    Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

    Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

    usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

    infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

    Quint. 1, 2, 6:

    solutus luxu,

    id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

    soluti in luxum,

    Tac. H. 2, 99:

    in lasciviam,

    id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

    si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
    b.
    To make torpid by removing sensation.
    (α).
    To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

    as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

    Lucr. 6, 798:

    ima Solvuntur latera,

    Verg. G. 3, 523:

    solvi debilitate corporis,

    paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

    ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

    Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

    illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

    segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

    wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

    mentes solvere,

    to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
    (β).
    By frost ( poet.):

    solvuntur illi frigore membra,

    Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
    (γ).
    By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

    homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

    Ov. M. 7, 186:

    corpora somnus Solverat,

    id. ib. 10, 369:

    molli languore solutus,

    id. ib. 11, 648;

    11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

    id. ib. 8, 817:

    somno vinoque solutos,

    id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

    ut membra solvit sopor,

    id. ib. 12, 867:

    non solvit pectora somnus,

    Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

    solvitur in somnos,

    Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

    aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

    lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
    (δ).
    By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

    corporibus quae senectus solvit,

    Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

    (corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

    alius inter cenandum solutus est,

    id. Ep. 66, 43:

    ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

    id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

    me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

    Sen. Troad. 605:

    solvi inedia,

    Petr. 111:

    sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

    Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
    4.
    Of logical dissolution, to refute:

    non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

    how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

    argumentum solvere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

    Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
    b.
    To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

    deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
    II.
    To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
    A.
    In a corporeal sense.
    1.
    In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

    post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

    Quint. 2, 12, 1:

    qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

    Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

    supera compage soluta,

    Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
    2.
    To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

    nullo solvente catenas,

    Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

    solvere frenum,

    Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

    loris solutis,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

    qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

    Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

    gelu solvitur,

    it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

    solvitur acris hiems,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

    facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

    Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

    looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

    indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

    Stat. Th. 5, 217:

    digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

    id. ib. 8, 585.—
    3.
    To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

    solve vidulum ergo,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

    eam solve cistulam,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

    solve zonam,

    untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

    solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

    Stat. Th. 5, 62:

    animai nodos a corpore solvit,

    Lucr. 2, 950:

    nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

    Curt. 3, 1, 18:

    quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

    Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

    solvere nodum,

    Stat. Th. 11, 646:

    laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

    Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

    vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

    Ov. M. 9, 58:

    fasciam solve,

    Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

    solutis fasciis,

    Curt. 7, 6, 5:

    solvi fasciculum,

    Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

    crinales vittas,

    Verg. A. 7, 403:

    Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

    Curt. 7, 2, 25:

    equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

    Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

    redimicula solvite collo,

    Ov. F. 4, 135:

    corollas de fronte,

    Prop. 1, 3, 21:

    solvere portas,

    Stat. Th. 3, 492:

    munimina valli,

    id. ib. 12, 10:

    ille pharetram Solvit,

    Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

    solutis ac patefactis venis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

    venam cultello solvere,

    Col. 6, 14; cf.

    also: lychnis alvum solvit,

    looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

    ventrem,

    Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

    stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

    loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
    B.
    Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
    1.
    Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
    a.
    Of the mouth, etc., to open:

    talibus ora solvit verbis,

    Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

    ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

    Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

    vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

    os promptius ac solutius,

    Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

    hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
    b.
    To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

    si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

    cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

    id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

    morte solvetur compromissum,

    Dig. 4, 8, 27:

    soluto matrimonio,

    ib. 24, 3, 2:

    solutum conjugium,

    Juv. 9, 79:

    qui... conjugalia solvit,

    Sen. Med. 144:

    nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

    Ov. M. 11, 743:

    (sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

    cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
    c.
    To efface guilt or wrong:

    magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

    Ov. F. 5, 304:

    solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

    id. ib. 2, 44:

    culpa soluta mea est,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

    neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
    d.
    Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

    less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

    Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

    capite poenas solvit,

    Sall. J. 69, 4:

    meritas poenas solventem,

    Curt. 6, 3, 14:

    poenarum solvendi tempus,

    Lucr. 5, 1224:

    nunc solvo poenas,

    Sen. Phoen. 172:

    hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

    id. Hippol. 1177.—
    e.
    To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

    atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

    Lucr. 4, 908:

    curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

    patrimonii cura solvatur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

    2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

    Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

    solvite corde metum,

    Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

    solve metus animo,

    Stat. Th. 2, 356:

    solvi pericula et metus narrant,

    Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

    hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

    id. A. A. 2, 460:

    solvitque pudorem,

    Verg. A. 4, 55.—
    f.
    Of sleep:

    quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

    Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

    nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

    Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

    lassitudinem solvere,

    Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
    g.
    Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
    (α).
    To raise a siege:

    solutam cernebat obsidionem,

    Liv. 36, 10, 14:

    soluta obsidione,

    id. 36, 31, 7:

    ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

    id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

    cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

    Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
    (γ).
    To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

    quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

    Sall. J. 39, 5:

    imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

    Sen. Oedip. 525:

    sonipedes imperia solvunt,

    id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

    sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
    h.
    Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

    solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

    Curt. 10, 2, 5:

    solutae a se legis monitus,

    Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

    cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

    Liv. 8, 4, 7:

    (Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

    id. 1, 49, 7:

    oportebat istum morem solvi,

    Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
    2.
    Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
    a.
    To subvert discipline:

    disciplinam militarem solvisti,

    Liv. 8, 7, 16:

    luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

    id. 40, 1, 4:

    quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

    Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
    b.
    Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

    nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

    Sall. J. 41, 6:

    patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

    Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

    vires solvere,

    Quint. 9, 4, 7:

    vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
    c.
    Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

    segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

    similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

    Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

    hoc firmos solvit amores,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

    amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

    Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
    d.
    Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

    vitex dicitur febres solvere,

    Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

    solvit jejunia granis,

    Ov. F. 4, 607:

    quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

    id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

    famem,

    Sen. Thyest. 64.—
    e.
    To delay:

    hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

    Sen. Troad. 1131.—
    f.
    Of darkness, to dispel:

    lux solverat umbras,

    Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
    g.
    Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

    aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

    Sen. Phoen. 406:

    electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

    jurgia solvere,

    Manil. 3, 115:

    contradictiones solvere,

    Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
    h.
    Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

    quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

    Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

    aenigmata,

    Quint. 8, 6, 53:

    omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

    Suet. Gram. 11:

    haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

    unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

    that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

    puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

    id. Ep. 48, 6:

    carmina non intellecta Solverat,

    Ov. M. 7, 760:

    triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

    Sen. Oedip. 102:

    nodos juris,

    Juv. 8, 50:

    proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

    Quint. 5, 10, 96:

    plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

    id. 1, 10, 49:

    quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

    id. 3, 7, 3:

    ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

    id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
    3.
    In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
    a.
    To pay.
    (α).
    Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

    quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

    inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

    Liv. 6, 14, 5:

    quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

    id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

    pro vectura rem solvit?

    paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

    ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

    tibi res soluta est recte,

    id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

    ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

    rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

    id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

    dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

    res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

    id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

    semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

    they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

    si tergo res solvonda'st,

    by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

    habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

    id. Curc. 3, 9:

    tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
    (β).
    Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

    cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

    ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

    id. ib. 20, 46:

    misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

    qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

    ut creditori solvat,

    Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

    si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

    it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

    numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

    to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

    fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

    cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

    Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

    non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
    (γ).
    With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

    postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

    hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

    settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

    solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

    id. Fl. 23, 54:

    ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

    id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

    solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

    Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

    aes alienum solvere,

    Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

    quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

    id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

    debitum solvere,

    id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

    ne pecunias creditas solverent,

    Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

    ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

    ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5:

    ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

    cum patriae quod debes solveris,

    Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

    debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

    id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

    aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

    qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

    id. ib. 2, 22 fin.
    (δ).
    By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

    emi: pecuniam solvi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

    pro frumento nihil solvit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

    169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

    Liv. 44, 16:

    hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

    nisi pecuniam solvisset,

    id. Cim. 1, 1:

    condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

    Liv. 30, 37 med.:

    pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

    id. 36, 3, 1:

    pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

    id. 32, 26, 14:

    pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

    id. 40, 39 fin.:

    meritam mercedem,

    id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

    quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

    stipendium,

    Liv. 28, 32, 1:

    dotem mulieri,

    Dig. 24, 3, 2:

    litem aestimatam,

    the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

    arbitria funeris,

    the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

    solvere dodrantem,

    to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

    dona puer solvit,

    paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

    munera,

    id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

    et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

    si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

    Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

    si (actor) solutus fuisset,

    Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
    (ε).
    Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

    aliquid praesens solvere,

    to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

    aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

    solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

    Vell. 2, 25:

    quas solvere grates sufficiam?

    Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

    nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

    Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

    unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

    id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

    Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

    Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

    homines dicere, se a me solvere,

    id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

    (summa) erat solvenda de meo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

    operas solvere alicui,

    to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

    stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

    iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

    2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

    a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

    in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

    Liv. 31, 13:

    nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

    Dig. 50, 17, 105:

    qui modo solvendo sint,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

    si solvendo sint,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

    nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

    Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

    solvendo non erat,

    Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

    cum solvendo civitates non essent,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

    id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

    ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

    id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

    and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

    Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

    *non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

    Vitr. 10, 6 fin.
    b.
    To fulfil the duty of burial.
    (α).
    Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

    qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

    who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

    justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

    Curt. 3, 12, 15:

    proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

    id. 10, 6, 7:

    ut justa soluta Remo,

    Ov. F. 5, 452:

    nunc justa nato solve,

    Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
    (β).
    Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

    exsequiis rite solutis,

    Verg. A. 7, 5:

    cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

    Sen. Hippol. 1198:

    solvere suprema militibus,

    Tac. A. 1, 61.—
    c.
    Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
    (α).
    Alone:

    vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

    quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

    Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

    liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

    id. 40, 44, 8:

    placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

    id. 36, 37 fin.:

    petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

    id. 45, 44:

    animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

    Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

    vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

    Tac. A. 2, 69:

    vota pater solvit,

    Ov. M. 9, 707:

    ne votum solvat,

    Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

    voti debita solvere,

    Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

    the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

    Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

    V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

    ib. 2022 et saep.:

    sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

    Manil. 1, 427.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

    vota Jovi solvo,

    Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

    sunt vota soluta deae,

    id. F. 6, 248:

    dis vota solvis,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

    libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

    Just. 18, 5, 4.—
    d.
    Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

    fidem obligatam liberare,

    Suet. Claud. 9):

    illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

    Flor. 1, 1, 12;

    similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

    Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
    e.
    Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

    perinde quasi promissum solvens,

    Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

    solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

    similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

    what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    (Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

    tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

    reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

    id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

    cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

    Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

    nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

    unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

    duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

    Liv. 27, 51:

    eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

    id. 24, 45, 10:

    non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

    Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
    2.
    (Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

    postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

    ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

    Col. 2, 9:

    soluta et facilis terra,

    id. 3, 14;

    solum solutum vel spissum,

    id. 2, 2 init.;

    seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

    Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

    hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

    id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

    solutiores ripae,

    Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

    mas spissior, femina solutior,

    Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

    dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
    3.
    (Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

    turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

    aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

    debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

    (orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

    Cic. Or. 47, 173:

    verbis solutus satis,

    id. ib. 47, 174:

    solutissimus in dicendo,

    id. ib. 48, 180.—
    2.
    Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

    quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

    Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

    soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

    unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

    si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

    non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

    id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

    solutus omni fenore,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

    nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

    Liv. 8, 32, 5:

    Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
    3.
    Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

    quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

    Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

    apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

    i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

    maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
    4.
    Free from cares, undistracted:

    animo soluto liberoque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

    sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
    5.
    At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

    te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

    quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

    Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
    6.
    Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

    quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

    Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

    an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

    Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

    vultus,

    Stat. Th. 5, 355:

    (mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

    unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
    7.
    Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

    cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

    Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

    ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

    Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

    Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

    Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

    incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

    Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

    rectore solutos (solis) equos,

    Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
    8.
    Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

    nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

    cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

    id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

    judicio senatus soluto et libero,

    id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

    sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

    liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

    uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
    9.
    Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

    amores soluti et liberi,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    licentia,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

    populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

    quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

    id. Mil. 13, 34:

    quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

    Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

    adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

    id. 2, 1, 2:

    solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

    a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

    spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    mores soluti,

    licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
    10.
    Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

    orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

    Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

    dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

    Tac. A. 16, 18.—
    11.
    Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
    (α).
    Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

    est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

    Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
    (β).
    More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);

    in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,

    Cic. Or. 52, 174:

    mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,

    id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;

    68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,

    Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;

    de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,

    id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:

    ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,

    id. ib. 7, 1:

    primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,

    Cic. Brut. 8, 32:

    Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,

    id. Or. 57, 192:

    et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,

    id. ib. 64, 215:

    a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,

    id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
    (γ).
    Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:

    ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:

    nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
    (δ).
    Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:

    soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,

    Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:

    solutiora componere,

    id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
    12.
    Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):

    sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,

    Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
    13.
    Undisciplined, disorderly:

    omnia soluta apud hostes esse,

    Liv. 8, 30, 3:

    nihil temeritate solutum,

    Tac. A. 13, 40:

    apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,

    Just. 34, 2, 2.—
    14.
    Lax, remiss, weak:

    mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,

    Tac. Or. 18:

    soluti ac fluentes,

    Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:

    solutum genus orationis,

    a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:

    quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,

    laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
    C.
    (Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:

    aliquid in solutum dare,

    to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:

    qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:

    qui rem in solutum accipit,

    Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;

    in solutum imputare,

    to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:

    pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,

    Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:

    pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,

    Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
    1.
    Thinly:

    corpora diffusa solute,

    Lucr. 4, 53.—
    2.
    Of speech, fluently:

    non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 29, 110:

    ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,

    id. ib. 81, 280:

    quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,

    Tac. A. 4, 31.—
    3.
    Irregularly, loosely:

    a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
    4.
    Freely, without restraint:

    generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,

    i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
    5.
    Of style, without connection, loosely:

    enuntiare,

    Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
    6.
    Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:

    praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),

    Liv. 39, 1, 4:

    in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,

    id. 23, 37, 6.—
    7.
    Weakly, tamely, without vigor:

    quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

    Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
    8.
    Of morals, loosely, without restraint:

    ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,

    Tac. A. 13, 47.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solutum

  • 32 solvo

    solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

    soluisse,

    Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
    I.
    To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
    A.
    In a corporeal sense.
    1.
    Outwardly, to release.
    a.
    From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

    solvite istas,

    i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

    solvite istum,

    id. Mil. 5, 32:

    numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

    jube solvi (eum),

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

    ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

    ut vincti solvantur,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

    12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    ita nexi soluti (sunt),

    Liv. 8, 28, 9:

    solvite me, pueri,

    Verg. E. 6, 24:

    fore ut brevi solveretur,

    Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

    canis solutus catena,

    Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

    solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

    Stat. Th. 5, 15:

    terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
    b.
    From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

    solverat sol equos,

    unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

    et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

    et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

    id. H. 11, 4:

    praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

    Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

    soluta toga,

    Quint. 11, 3, 147:

    vela solvere,

    Verg. A. 4, 574.—
    c.
    From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

    Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

    Prop. 2, 1, 69:

    fraxinus solvitur,

    from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

    ceciditque soluta pinus,

    id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

    pinus radice soluta, deficit,

    id. S. 5, 1, 152:

    solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

    accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

    detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

    but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

    Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

    querno solvunt de stipite funem,

    id. F. 4, 333:

    fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

    id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

    curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

    Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

    imber caelesti nube solutus,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

    cum solis radii absumant,

    Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

    solutum a latere pugionem,

    detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
    d.
    Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
    (α).
    With acc. alone:

    eisce confectis navem solvimus,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

    navim cupimus solvere,

    id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

    naves solvit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

    3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

    Liv. 45, 6:

    postero die solvere naves (jussi),

    id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

    classem solvere,

    Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
    (β).
    With ab and abl.:

    navis a terra solverunt,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

    quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

    Liv. 31, 7 med.:

    solvunt a litore puppes,

    Luc. 2, 649.—
    (γ).
    With ex and abl.:

    nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

    interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
    (δ).
    With abl.:

    complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

    portu solventibus,

    id. Mur. 2, 4.—
    (ε).
    Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

    tertia fere vigilia solvit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

    nos eo die cenati solvimus,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

    altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

    Liv. 31, 14 init.:

    qui inde solverant,

    Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

    solvi mare languido,

    Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

    fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

    id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

    non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

    making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
    (ζ).
    With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

    naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
    (η).
    Poet. usages:

    de litore puppis solvit iter,

    clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

    nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

    Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
    e.
    Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

    Lucr. 6, 706:

    cruor solvitur,

    Stat. Th. 9, 530:

    lacrimas solvere,

    id. Achill. 2, 256:

    solutis lacrimis,

    Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

    partus solvere,

    to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
    2.
    To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
    a.
    In gen.:

    omne colligatum solvi potest,

    Cic. Fin. 11.—
    b.
    Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

    Curt. 8, 10, 3:

    solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

    dubitavit an solveret pontem,

    Curt. 4, 16, 8:

    solvere pontem,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    si pons solutus sit,

    Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

    solutus pons tempestatibus,

    Just. 2, 13, 9:

    currum (solis) solutum,

    Manil. 1, 740.—
    c.
    Of woven stuff:

    solvens texta,

    Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
    d.
    Of mountains:

    utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

    tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

    id. Agam. 553.—
    e.
    Of the neck:

    soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

    broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
    f.
    Of a comet:

    momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
    g.
    Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

    solve capillos,

    Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

    crinem,

    id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

    comas casside,

    Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
    h.
    Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

    post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

    ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

    Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
    3.
    To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
    (α).
    Of a change into air or gas:

    calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

    dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

    nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

    id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

    ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

    Stat. Th. 5, 285;

    nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

    Ov. M. 15, 845.—
    (β).
    Into a liquid, to melt:

    saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

    terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

    id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

    nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

    Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

    ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

    nivem solvere,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

    rigor auri solvitur aestu,

    Lucr. 1, 493:

    ferrum calidi solvant camini,

    Manil. 4, 250:

    cerae igne solutae,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

    Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

    Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

    (herba) quinto die solvitur,

    id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
    (γ).
    Of putrefaction:

    (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

    Verg. G. 4, 302.—
    (δ).
    Of change in general:

    inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

    Ov. F. 1, 108:

    repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

    Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
    (ε).
    Of expansion by heat:

    (uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
    (ζ).
    Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

    gravitas aeris solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
    (η).
    Solvi in, to pass into, become:

    in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

    Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

    donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

    disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

    postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

    Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
    4.
    To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

    solvere orbes,

    Manil. 1, 497:

    ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

    Lucr. 3, 287:

    (Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

    Liv. 39, 40, 11:

    si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

    (turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

    id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

    tabes solvit corpora,

    Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

    nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

    id. 3, 506:

    ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

    Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

    solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

    Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

    hanc mihi solvite vitam,

    Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
    a.
    From the body, etc.:

    teque isto corpore solvo,

    Verg. A. 4, 703:

    soluta corpore anima,

    Quint. 5, 14, 13:

    qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

    Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

    vocem solvere,

    to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

    suspiria solvit,

    Stat. Th. 11, 604:

    solvat turba jocos,

    Sen. Med. 114:

    solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

    Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

    unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
    b.
    Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

    linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

    Ov. M. 3, 261:

    lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

    ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

    id. Const. 11, 3:

    (fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

    Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

    magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

    Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

    of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

    unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
    c.
    From obligations and debts:

    solvit me debito,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

    an nos debito solverit,

    id. Ep. 81, 3:

    ut religione civitas solvatur,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

    te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

    hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

    Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

    sacramento solvi,

    Tac. A. 16, 13:

    cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

    Dig. 49, 16, 13:

    militia solvere,

    Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

    ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

    Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

    ut manere solveretur,

    that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
    d.
    From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

    si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

    be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

    atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

    id. ib. 4, 9:

    sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

    Ov. F. 6, 452:

    ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

    id. ib. 2, 40:

    Helenen ego crimine solvo,

    id. A. A. 2, 371:

    quid crimine solvis Germanum?

    Stat. Th. 11, 379:

    solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
    e.
    From feelings, etc.:

    quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

    cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

    senatus cura belli solutus,

    Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

    pectus linquunt cura solutum,

    Lucr. 2, 45:

    his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

    soluti metu,

    Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

    solvent formidine terras,

    Verg. E. 4, 14:

    solve metu patriam,

    Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

    metu belli Scythas solvit,

    Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

    haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

    soluti a cupiditatibus,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

    his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

    id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

    longo luctu,

    Verg. A. 2, 26:

    tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

    Sen. Hippol. 450:

    solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

    id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

    Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

    solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

    the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

    rabie tigrim,

    Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

    ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

    Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

    calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

    i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

    solvite animos,

    Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

    vix haec in munera solvo animum,

    i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
    f.
    From sleep, very rare:

    ego somno solutus sum,

    awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
    g.
    From labor, business, etc.:

    volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

    Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

    solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

    Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

    Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

    to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
    h.
    From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    frontem solvere disce,

    Mart. 14, 183:

    saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

    Stat. Th. 11, 373:

    solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

    solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

    be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

    vultum risu solvit,

    relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

    risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

    Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

    solvere judicem,

    unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

    solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

    Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

    ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

    cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

    Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

    solventur risu tabulae,

    i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

    quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

    Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
    k.
    From any cause of restraint.
    (α).
    To release from siege:

    Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

    Liv. 44, 30:

    patriam obsidione solvere,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
    (β).
    From moral restraints:

    hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

    gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
    l.
    From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
    (α).
    To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

    Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

    cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

    ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

    id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

    Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

    id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

    solvatne legibus Scipionem,

    Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

    petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

    Liv. 31, 50, 8:

    Scipio legibus solutus est,

    id. Epit. 56:

    Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

    Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

    ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

    Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

    (aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

    solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

    id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

    nec leti lege solutas,

    Lucr. 3, 687:

    nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

    Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

    et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
    (β).
    Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

    reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

    i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

    soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

    id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

    solutus Legibus insanis,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

    quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

    Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
    2.
    To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
    (α).
    Of troops, ranks, etc.:

    ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

    Liv. 42, 65, 8:

    incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

    Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

    agmina Diductis solvere choris,

    Verg. A. 5, 581:

    solvit maniplos,

    Juv. 8, 154:

    solvuntur laudata cohors,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

    commissas acies ego possum solvere,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
    (β).
    Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

    convivio soluto,

    Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

    convivium solvit,

    Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

    Quid cessas convivia solvere?

    Ov. F. 6, 675:

    coetuque soluto Discedunt,

    id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
    (γ).
    Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

    (discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

    Quint. 1, 9, 2:

    quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

    id. 9, 4, 14:

    ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

    id. 1, 8, 13:

    non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
    3.
    Implying a change for the worse.
    a.
    To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

    Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

    Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

    usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

    Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

    infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

    Quint. 1, 2, 6:

    solutus luxu,

    id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

    soluti in luxum,

    Tac. H. 2, 99:

    in lasciviam,

    id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

    si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

    Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
    b.
    To make torpid by removing sensation.
    (α).
    To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

    as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

    Lucr. 6, 798:

    ima Solvuntur latera,

    Verg. G. 3, 523:

    solvi debilitate corporis,

    paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

    ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

    Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

    illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

    Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

    segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

    wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

    mentes solvere,

    to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
    (β).
    By frost ( poet.):

    solvuntur illi frigore membra,

    Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
    (γ).
    By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

    homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

    Ov. M. 7, 186:

    corpora somnus Solverat,

    id. ib. 10, 369:

    molli languore solutus,

    id. ib. 11, 648;

    11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

    id. ib. 8, 817:

    somno vinoque solutos,

    id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

    ut membra solvit sopor,

    id. ib. 12, 867:

    non solvit pectora somnus,

    Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

    solvitur in somnos,

    Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

    aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

    lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
    (δ).
    By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

    corporibus quae senectus solvit,

    Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

    (corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

    alius inter cenandum solutus est,

    id. Ep. 66, 43:

    ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

    id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

    me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

    Sen. Troad. 605:

    solvi inedia,

    Petr. 111:

    sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

    Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
    4.
    Of logical dissolution, to refute:

    non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

    how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

    argumentum solvere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

    Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
    b.
    To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

    deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
    II.
    To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
    A.
    In a corporeal sense.
    1.
    In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

    post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

    Quint. 2, 12, 1:

    qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

    Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

    supera compage soluta,

    Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
    2.
    To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

    nullo solvente catenas,

    Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

    solvere frenum,

    Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

    loris solutis,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

    qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

    Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

    gelu solvitur,

    it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

    solvitur acris hiems,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

    facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

    Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

    looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

    indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

    Stat. Th. 5, 217:

    digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

    id. ib. 8, 585.—
    3.
    To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

    solve vidulum ergo,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

    eam solve cistulam,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

    solve zonam,

    untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

    solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

    Stat. Th. 5, 62:

    animai nodos a corpore solvit,

    Lucr. 2, 950:

    nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

    Curt. 3, 1, 18:

    quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

    Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

    solvere nodum,

    Stat. Th. 11, 646:

    laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

    Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

    vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

    Ov. M. 9, 58:

    fasciam solve,

    Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

    solutis fasciis,

    Curt. 7, 6, 5:

    solvi fasciculum,

    Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

    crinales vittas,

    Verg. A. 7, 403:

    Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

    Curt. 7, 2, 25:

    equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

    Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

    redimicula solvite collo,

    Ov. F. 4, 135:

    corollas de fronte,

    Prop. 1, 3, 21:

    solvere portas,

    Stat. Th. 3, 492:

    munimina valli,

    id. ib. 12, 10:

    ille pharetram Solvit,

    Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

    solutis ac patefactis venis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

    venam cultello solvere,

    Col. 6, 14; cf.

    also: lychnis alvum solvit,

    looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

    ventrem,

    Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

    stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

    loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
    B.
    Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
    1.
    Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
    a.
    Of the mouth, etc., to open:

    talibus ora solvit verbis,

    Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

    ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

    Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

    vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

    os promptius ac solutius,

    Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

    hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
    b.
    To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

    si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

    cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

    id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

    morte solvetur compromissum,

    Dig. 4, 8, 27:

    soluto matrimonio,

    ib. 24, 3, 2:

    solutum conjugium,

    Juv. 9, 79:

    qui... conjugalia solvit,

    Sen. Med. 144:

    nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

    Ov. M. 11, 743:

    (sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

    cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
    c.
    To efface guilt or wrong:

    magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

    Ov. F. 5, 304:

    solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

    id. ib. 2, 44:

    culpa soluta mea est,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

    neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
    d.
    Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

    less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

    Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

    capite poenas solvit,

    Sall. J. 69, 4:

    meritas poenas solventem,

    Curt. 6, 3, 14:

    poenarum solvendi tempus,

    Lucr. 5, 1224:

    nunc solvo poenas,

    Sen. Phoen. 172:

    hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

    id. Hippol. 1177.—
    e.
    To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

    atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

    Lucr. 4, 908:

    curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

    patrimonii cura solvatur,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

    2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

    Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

    solvite corde metum,

    Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

    solve metus animo,

    Stat. Th. 2, 356:

    solvi pericula et metus narrant,

    Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

    hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

    id. A. A. 2, 460:

    solvitque pudorem,

    Verg. A. 4, 55.—
    f.
    Of sleep:

    quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

    Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

    nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

    Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

    lassitudinem solvere,

    Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
    g.
    Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
    (α).
    To raise a siege:

    solutam cernebat obsidionem,

    Liv. 36, 10, 14:

    soluta obsidione,

    id. 36, 31, 7:

    ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

    id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
    (β).
    Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

    cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

    Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
    (γ).
    To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

    quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

    Sall. J. 39, 5:

    imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

    Sen. Oedip. 525:

    sonipedes imperia solvunt,

    id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

    sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
    h.
    Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

    solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

    Curt. 10, 2, 5:

    solutae a se legis monitus,

    Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

    cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

    Liv. 8, 4, 7:

    (Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

    id. 1, 49, 7:

    oportebat istum morem solvi,

    Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
    2.
    Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
    a.
    To subvert discipline:

    disciplinam militarem solvisti,

    Liv. 8, 7, 16:

    luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

    id. 40, 1, 4:

    quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

    Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
    b.
    Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

    nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

    Sall. J. 41, 6:

    patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

    Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

    vires solvere,

    Quint. 9, 4, 7:

    vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
    c.
    Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

    segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

    similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

    Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

    hoc firmos solvit amores,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

    amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

    Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
    d.
    Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

    vitex dicitur febres solvere,

    Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

    solvit jejunia granis,

    Ov. F. 4, 607:

    quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

    id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

    famem,

    Sen. Thyest. 64.—
    e.
    To delay:

    hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

    Sen. Troad. 1131.—
    f.
    Of darkness, to dispel:

    lux solverat umbras,

    Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
    g.
    Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

    aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

    Sen. Phoen. 406:

    electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

    jurgia solvere,

    Manil. 3, 115:

    contradictiones solvere,

    Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
    h.
    Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

    quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

    Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

    aenigmata,

    Quint. 8, 6, 53:

    omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

    Suet. Gram. 11:

    haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

    unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

    that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

    puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

    id. Ep. 48, 6:

    carmina non intellecta Solverat,

    Ov. M. 7, 760:

    triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

    Sen. Oedip. 102:

    nodos juris,

    Juv. 8, 50:

    proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

    Quint. 5, 10, 96:

    plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

    id. 1, 10, 49:

    quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

    id. 3, 7, 3:

    ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

    id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
    3.
    In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
    a.
    To pay.
    (α).
    Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

    quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

    inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

    Liv. 6, 14, 5:

    quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

    id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

    pro vectura rem solvit?

    paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

    ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

    id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

    tibi res soluta est recte,

    id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

    ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

    rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

    id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

    dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

    res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

    id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

    semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

    they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

    si tergo res solvonda'st,

    by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

    habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

    id. Curc. 3, 9:

    tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
    (β).
    Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

    cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

    ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

    id. ib. 20, 46:

    misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

    qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

    ut creditori solvat,

    Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

    si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

    it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

    numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

    to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

    fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

    cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

    Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

    non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
    (γ).
    With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

    postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

    hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

    settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

    solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

    id. Fl. 23, 54:

    ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

    id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

    solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

    Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

    aes alienum solvere,

    Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

    quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

    id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

    debitum solvere,

    id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

    ne pecunias creditas solverent,

    Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

    ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

    ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5:

    ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

    cum patriae quod debes solveris,

    Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

    debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

    id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

    aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

    qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

    id. ib. 2, 22 fin.
    (δ).
    By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

    emi: pecuniam solvi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

    pro frumento nihil solvit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

    169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

    Liv. 44, 16:

    hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

    nisi pecuniam solvisset,

    id. Cim. 1, 1:

    condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

    Liv. 30, 37 med.:

    pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

    id. 36, 3, 1:

    pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

    id. 32, 26, 14:

    pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

    id. 40, 39 fin.:

    meritam mercedem,

    id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

    quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

    stipendium,

    Liv. 28, 32, 1:

    dotem mulieri,

    Dig. 24, 3, 2:

    litem aestimatam,

    the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

    arbitria funeris,

    the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

    solvere dodrantem,

    to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

    dona puer solvit,

    paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

    munera,

    id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

    et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

    Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

    si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

    Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

    si (actor) solutus fuisset,

    Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
    (ε).
    Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

    aliquid praesens solvere,

    to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

    aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

    Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

    solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

    Vell. 2, 25:

    quas solvere grates sufficiam?

    Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

    nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

    Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

    unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

    id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

    Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

    Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

    homines dicere, se a me solvere,

    id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

    (summa) erat solvenda de meo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

    operas solvere alicui,

    to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

    stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

    iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

    2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

    a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

    in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

    Liv. 31, 13:

    nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

    Dig. 50, 17, 105:

    qui modo solvendo sint,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

    si solvendo sint,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

    nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

    Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

    solvendo non erat,

    Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

    cum solvendo civitates non essent,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

    id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

    ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

    id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

    and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

    Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

    *non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

    Vitr. 10, 6 fin.
    b.
    To fulfil the duty of burial.
    (α).
    Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

    qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

    who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

    justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

    Curt. 3, 12, 15:

    proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

    id. 10, 6, 7:

    ut justa soluta Remo,

    Ov. F. 5, 452:

    nunc justa nato solve,

    Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
    (β).
    Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

    exsequiis rite solutis,

    Verg. A. 7, 5:

    cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

    Sen. Hippol. 1198:

    solvere suprema militibus,

    Tac. A. 1, 61.—
    c.
    Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
    (α).
    Alone:

    vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

    quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

    Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

    liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

    id. 40, 44, 8:

    placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

    id. 36, 37 fin.:

    petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

    id. 45, 44:

    animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

    Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

    vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

    Tac. A. 2, 69:

    vota pater solvit,

    Ov. M. 9, 707:

    ne votum solvat,

    Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

    voti debita solvere,

    Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

    the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

    Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

    V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

    ib. 2022 et saep.:

    sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

    Manil. 1, 427.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

    vota Jovi solvo,

    Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

    sunt vota soluta deae,

    id. F. 6, 248:

    dis vota solvis,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

    libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

    Just. 18, 5, 4.—
    d.
    Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

    fidem obligatam liberare,

    Suet. Claud. 9):

    illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

    Flor. 1, 1, 12;

    similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

    Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
    e.
    Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

    perinde quasi promissum solvens,

    Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

    solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

    similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

    what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    (Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

    tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

    id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

    reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

    id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

    cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

    Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

    nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

    unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

    duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

    Liv. 27, 51:

    eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

    id. 24, 45, 10:

    non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

    Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
    2.
    (Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

    postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

    ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

    Col. 2, 9:

    soluta et facilis terra,

    id. 3, 14;

    solum solutum vel spissum,

    id. 2, 2 init.;

    seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

    Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

    hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

    id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

    solutiores ripae,

    Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

    mas spissior, femina solutior,

    Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

    dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
    3.
    (Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

    turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

    aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

    debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

    (orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

    Cic. Or. 47, 173:

    verbis solutus satis,

    id. ib. 47, 174:

    solutissimus in dicendo,

    id. ib. 48, 180.—
    2.
    Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

    quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

    Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

    soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

    unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

    si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

    non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

    id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

    solutus omni fenore,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

    nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

    Liv. 8, 32, 5:

    Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
    3.
    Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

    quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

    Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

    apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

    i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

    maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
    4.
    Free from cares, undistracted:

    animo soluto liberoque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

    sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
    5.
    At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

    te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

    quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

    Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
    6.
    Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

    quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

    Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

    an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

    Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

    vultus,

    Stat. Th. 5, 355:

    (mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

    unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
    7.
    Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

    cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

    Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

    ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

    Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

    Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

    Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

    incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

    Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

    rectore solutos (solis) equos,

    Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
    8.
    Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

    nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

    cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

    id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

    judicio senatus soluto et libero,

    id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

    sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

    liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

    uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
    9.
    Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

    amores soluti et liberi,

    Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    licentia,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

    populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

    quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

    id. Mil. 13, 34:

    quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

    Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

    adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

    id. 2, 1, 2:

    solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

    a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

    spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    mores soluti,

    licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
    10.
    Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

    orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

    Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

    dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

    Tac. A. 16, 18.—
    11.
    Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
    (α).
    Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

    est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

    Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
    (β).
    More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);

    in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,

    Cic. Or. 52, 174:

    mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,

    id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;

    68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,

    Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;

    de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,

    id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:

    ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,

    id. ib. 7, 1:

    primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,

    Cic. Brut. 8, 32:

    Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,

    id. Or. 57, 192:

    et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,

    id. ib. 64, 215:

    a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,

    id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
    (γ).
    Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:

    ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:

    nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
    (δ).
    Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:

    soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,

    Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:

    solutiora componere,

    id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
    12.
    Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):

    sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,

    Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
    13.
    Undisciplined, disorderly:

    omnia soluta apud hostes esse,

    Liv. 8, 30, 3:

    nihil temeritate solutum,

    Tac. A. 13, 40:

    apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,

    Just. 34, 2, 2.—
    14.
    Lax, remiss, weak:

    mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,

    Tac. Or. 18:

    soluti ac fluentes,

    Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:

    solutum genus orationis,

    a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:

    quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,

    laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
    C.
    (Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:

    aliquid in solutum dare,

    to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:

    qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:

    qui rem in solutum accipit,

    Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;

    in solutum imputare,

    to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:

    pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,

    Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:

    pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,

    Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
    1.
    Thinly:

    corpora diffusa solute,

    Lucr. 4, 53.—
    2.
    Of speech, fluently:

    non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 29, 110:

    ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,

    id. ib. 81, 280:

    quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,

    Tac. A. 4, 31.—
    3.
    Irregularly, loosely:

    a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
    4.
    Freely, without restraint:

    generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,

    i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
    5.
    Of style, without connection, loosely:

    enuntiare,

    Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
    6.
    Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:

    praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),

    Liv. 39, 1, 4:

    in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,

    id. 23, 37, 6.—
    7.
    Weakly, tamely, without vigor:

    quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

    Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
    8.
    Of morals, loosely, without restraint:

    ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,

    Tac. A. 13, 47.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solvo

  • 33 sum

    1.
    sum, fui, esse (2d pers. es, but usu. es in Plaut and Ter; old forms, indic. pres. esum for sum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 9, § 100 Mull.: essis for es, Att. ap. Non. 200, 30, or Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.: simus for sumus, used by Augustus, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87; fut. escit for erit, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:

    esit, XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. nec, p. 162 Mull.: escunt for erunt,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60, 3, 3, 9; Lucr. 1, 619; perf. fuvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168:

    FVVEIT, C. I. L. 1, 1051: fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 23; id. Mil. 3, 1, 159:

    fuerim,

    id. ib. 4, 8, 54:

    fuerit,

    id. As. 4, 1, 37; subj. pres. siem, sies, siet, etc., very freq., esp. in Plaut.; e. g. siem, Am. prol. 57; Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:

    sies,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 43; Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:

    siet,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 58; Ter. And. 1, 4, 7; Lucr. 3, 101:

    sient,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54; Ter. And. 2, 3, 16; cf. Cic. Or. 47, 157; also,

    fuam, fuas, etc., regarded by G. Curtius, de Aorist. Lat. Rel. in Studien zur Gr. u. Lat. Gram. 1, 431 sqq., as an aorist: fuam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 48; id. Mil. 2, 6, 112: fuas, Liv. Andron. ap. Non 111, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 83; id. Pers. 1, 1, 52; id. Trin. 2, 1, 32: fuat, Pac. ap. Non. 111, 8; Carm. ap. Liv. 25, 12; Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 2; id. Aul. 2, 2, 56; id. Capt. 2, 2, 10 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4; Lucr. 4, 639; Verg. A. 10, 108:

    fuant,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 110; id. Ep. 5, 1, 13; id. Ps. 4, 3, 12: fuvisset, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4; part. pres. ens, used by Caesar, acc. to Prisc. p. 1140 P.; and by Sergius Flavius, acc. to Quint. 8, 3, 33; fut. inf. fore for futurum esse, very freq., and so always with partt.; cf. Madv. Gram. § 108; whence, subj. imperf. forem fores, etc., for essem; esp. in conditional sentences and in the histt., but very rare in Cic.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 597 sqq.), v. n. [root es; Sanscr. as-mi, and the Greek es-mi, whence eimi; perf. fui; root in Sanscr. bhu, to become; bhavas, condition; Gr. phuô, to beget; cf.: fetus, futuo, etc.], to be, as a verb substantive or a copula.
    I.
    As a verb substantive, to be.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Asserting existence, to be, exist, live:

    definitionum duo sunt genera prima: unum earum rerum quae sunt: alterum earum quae intelleguntur. Esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, ut fundum, aedes, parietem, cetera. Non esse rursus ea dico, quae tangi demonstrarive non possunt, cerni tamen animo atque intellegi possunt, ut si usucapionem, si tutelam, etc.... definias,

    Cic. Top. 5, 26 sq.:

    si abest, nullus est,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 16:

    nunc illut est, quom me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,

    id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:

    ita paene nulla sibi fuit Phronesium ( = paene mortuus est),

    id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:

    omne quod eloquimur sic, ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

    non statim, quod esse manifestum est, etiam quid sit apparet,

    Quint. 3, 6, 81: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.):

    flumen est Arar, quod, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

    homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri sunt!

    Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

    si quos inter societas aut est aut fuit aut futura est,

    id. Lael. 22, 83:

    nec enim, dum ero, angar ulla re, cum omni vacem culpa: et, si non ero, sensu omnino carebo,

    id. Fam. 6, 3, 4:

    si modo futuri sumus, erit mihi res opportuna,

    id. Att. 11, 4, 1:

    si quando erit civitas, erit profecto nobis locus: sin autem non erit, etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

    nolite arbitrari, me cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,

    id. Sen. 22, 79:

    si erit ulla res publica... sin autem nulla erit,

    id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:

    fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium,

    Verg. A. 2, 325:

    sive erimus seu nos fata fuisse volunt,

    Tib. 3, 5, 32: per quinquennia decem fuimus, Prud. Cath. praef. 2.—
    2.
    Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place:

    illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    neque enim est periculum, ne, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 23, 37:

    amabo, quid tibi est?

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 24:

    quid se futurum esset,

    Liv. 33, 27. —
    3.
    Of location, to be present, to be at a place.
    (α).
    With adv., or other expressions of place:

    cum non liceret quemquam Romae esse, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 100:

    cum Athenis decem ipsos dies fuissem,

    id. Fam. 2, 8, 3; id. de Or. 2, 7, 27:

    cum Africanus constituisset in hortis esse,

    id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    cum essemus in castris,

    id. ib. 1, 15:

    nonne mavis sine periculo tuae domi esse quam cum periculo alienae?

    id. Fam. 4, 7, 4:

    vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

    id. ib. 14, 7, 2: te hic tutissime puto fore, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—
    (β).
    Of passages in a book or writing, with in and abl., to be, stand, be written, etc.:

    deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    quid enim in illis (litteris) fuit praeter querelam temporum,

    id. Fam. 2, 16, 1.—
    (γ).
    Of personal relations, with ad or apud and acc., or cum and abl. of person:

    cum esset (Sulpicius Gallus) casu apud M. Marcellum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

    eram cum Stoico Diodoto: qui cum habitavisset apud me mecumque vixisset, etc.,

    id. Brut. 90, 309:

    erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum et pauci, quibuscum essem aeque libenter,

    id. Fam. 5, 21, 1:

    qui me admodum diligunt multumque mecum sunt,

    id. ib. 4, 13, 6; cf. with simul:

    Smyrnae cum simul essemus complures dies,

    id. Rep. 1, 8, 13.—Hence, esp.: esse cum aliquo (aliqua), to be with, i. e. live with, associate with, as husband or wife:

    cujus soror est cum P. Quintio,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    ea nocte mecum illa hospitis jussu fuit,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 101; Ov. A. A. 3, 664:

    cum hac (meretrice) si qui adulescens forte fuerit,

    Cic. Cael. 20, 49; Ov. Am. 2, 8, 27: tum ad me fuerunt, qui, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 133, 28:

    Curio fuit ad me sane diu,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8:

    cum ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit,

    id. ib. 10, 16, 1; cf.:

    esse sub uno tecto atque ad eosdem Penates,

    Liv. 28, 18.—
    4.
    Of relations analogous to place, of dress, condition, position, office, etc., to be, live, be found, etc., with in and abl.:

    cum est in sagis civitas,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

    in laxa toga,

    Tib. 2, 3, 78: sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictus;

    Sive erit in Cois, Coa decere puta,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 297: hominem non modo in aere alieno nullo, sed in suis nummis multis esse et semper fuisse, Cic. Verr [p. 1798] 2, 4, 6, §

    11: in servitute,

    id. Clu. 7, 21:

    in illa opinione populari,

    id. ib. 51, 142:

    in magno nomine et gloria,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 31:

    in spe,

    id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:

    in tanta moestitia,

    id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:

    in odio,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

    in probris, in laudibus,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 61:

    in officio,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 49:

    in injustitia,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 42:

    in vitio,

    id. ib. 1, 19, 62; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19:

    ne in mora quom opus sit, sies,

    Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:

    ne in mora illi sis,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

    hic in noxia'st,

    id. Phorm. 2, 1, 36:

    quae (civitas) una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

    in ingenti periculo,

    Liv. 5, 47:

    in pace,

    id. 31, 29.—So with abl. without in, when qualified by an adj.:

    (statua) est et fuit tota Graecia summo propter ingenium honore et nomine,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:

    si quis asperitate ea est et inmanitate naturae,

    id. Lael. 23, 87:

    ne quo periculo proprio existimares esse,

    id. Fam. 4, 15, 2 (B. and K. ex conj.:

    in periculo): ego sum spe bona,

    id. ib. 12, 28, 3:

    res nunc difficili loco mihi videtur esse,

    id. ib. 12, 28, 3:

    incredibili sum sollicitudine de tua valetudine,

    id. ib. 16, 15, 1; esp. in phrase periculo alicujus esse, to be at the risk of any one:

    rem illam suo periculo esse,

    id. Att. 6, 1, 6:

    ut quae in naves inposuissent, ab hostium tempestatisque vi publico periculo essent,

    Liv. 23, 49, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    dare nummos meo periculo,

    Dig. 46, 1, 24:

    communi periculo,

    ib. 13, 6, 21, § 1 (cf. II. B. 1. b. infra).—
    5.
    To depend upon, rest with, with in and abl.:

    res erat non in opinione dubia,

    Cic. Dom. 5, 11:

    sed totum est in eo, si, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum,

    Liv. 10, 14, 12:

    quoniam totum in eo sit, ne contrectentur pocula,

    Col. 12, 4, 3. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Esse (est, sunt, etc.) often stands without a subject expressed, or with an indef. subj., as antecedent of a rel.-clause, whose verb may be in the indic. or subj.; the former only when the subject is conceived as particular or limited, and actually existing; the latter always when it is conceived as indefinite; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 562 sq.; Roby, Gram. § 1686 sq.; Madv. Gram. § 365; but the distinctions usually drawn by grammarians are not always observed by the best writers; and the subjunctive is always admissible, being the prevailing construction after sunt qui in class. prose, and nearly universal in postAug. writers: sunt, qui (quae), there are those ( people or things) who ( that), or simply some.
    a.
    With indic.
    (α).
    Without subject expressed:

    mulier mane: sunt Qui volunt te conventam,

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 37:

    sunt hic quos credo inter se dicere,

    id. Cas. prol. 67:

    sunt quae te volumus percontari,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 47:

    quid est, quod tu gestas tabellas?

    id. ib. 1, 1, 10:

    quid est, quod tu me nunc optuere?

    id. Most. 1, 1, 69; cf.:

    quid hoc est, quod foris concrepuit?

    id. ib. 5, 1, 15:

    tun' is es, Qui in me aerumnam obsevisti?

    id. Ep. 4, 1, 34:

    quid est, quod tuo animo aegre est?

    id. Cas. 2, 2, 9; id. Cist. 4, 1, 3:

    at ego est quod volo loqui,

    id. As. 1, 3, 79:

    est quod te volo secreto,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30:

    sunt quos scio amicos esse, sunt quos suspicor,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 54:

    ita subitum'st, quod eum conventum volo,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 51:

    sunt quae ego ex te scitari volo,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 13:

    sed est quod suscenset tibi,

    Ter. And. 2, 6, 17:

    est quod me transire oportet,

    id. Hec. 2, 2, 31:

    quid sit quapropter te jussi, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 1, 7:

    sunt item quae appellantur alces,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 27 init.:

    (nationes) ex quibus sunt qui ovis vivere existimantur,

    id. ib. 4, 10 fin.:

    sunt qui putant posse te non decedere,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25:

    sunt autem, qui putant non numquam complexione oportere supersederi,

    id. Inv. 1, 40, 72:

    quamquam sunt, qui propter utilitatem modo petendas putant amicitias,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 167:

    sunt autem quae praeterii,

    id. Att. 10, 4, 11:

    sunt, qui abducunt a malis ad bona, ut Epicurus. Sunt, qui satis putant ostendere, nihil inopinati accidisse... Sunt etiam qui haec omnia genera consolandi colligunt,

    id. Tusc. 3, 31, 76 Kuhn. N. cr.:

    sunt, qui, quod sentiunt, non audent dicere,

    id. Off. 1, 24, 84:

    Argiletum sunt qui scripserunt ab Argola, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Mull.:

    sunt qui ita dicunt,

    Sall. C. 19, 4:

    sunt qui spiritum non recipiunt sed resorbent,

    Quint. 11, 3, 55:

    sunt, quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. S. 1, 4, 24: sunt quibus unum opus est, etc., id. C. 1, 7, 5:

    sunt quibus in satira videor nimis acer,

    id. S. 2, 1, 1:

    sunt quorum ingenium nova tantum crustula promit,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 47.—
    (β).
    With a subject expressed by an indefinite word or clause:

    sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:

    est genus hominum qui se primos omnium esse volunt,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

    multae sunt causae, quam ob rem cupio abducere,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 65 Fleck. (Ussing, cupiam):

    erat quidam eunuchus, quem mercatus fuerat,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 21:

    multaeque res sunt in quibus de suis commodis viri boni multa detrahunt,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 57:

    sunt ejus aliquot orationes, ex quibus lenitas ejus perspici potest,

    id. Brut. 48, 177:

    fuerunt alia genera philosophorum, qui se omnes Socraticos esse dicebant,

    id. de Or. 3, 17, 62:

    nonnulli sunt, qui aluerunt, etc.,

    id. Cat. 1, 12, 301:

    sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, cum ipsi se contemni putant,

    id. Lael. 20, 72:

    sunt vestrum, judices, aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognoverunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

    multae et pecudes et stirpes sunt, quae sine procuratione hominum salvae esse non possunt,

    id. N. D. 2, 52, 130:

    sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, etc.,

    id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:

    permulta sunt, quae dici possunt, quare intellegatur, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 33, 94; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 22; id. Off. 1, 14, 43; 1, 20, 69; id. Div. 1, 54, 123:

    fuere complures, qui ad Catilinam initio profecti sunt,

    Sall. C. 39, 5: haec sunt, quae clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus efficiunt. Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152:

    alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere,

    Sall. C. 52, 21.—
    b.
    With. subj.: sunt, qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem;

    sunt qui nullum censeant fieri discessum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    sunt qui in rebus contrariis parum sibi constent,

    id. Off. 1, 21, 71:

    de impudentia singulari sunt qui mirentur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:

    est eisdem de rebus quod dici potest subtilius,

    id. Tusc. 3, 15, 32:

    praesto est qui neget rem ullam percipi esse sensibus,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:

    quicquid est quod deceat, id, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sunt qui nolint tetigisse nisi illas, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 28:

    sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 78:

    vestes Gaetulo murice tinctas Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curet habere,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 182 et saep.—
    (β).
    With a more or less indefinite expression of the subject:

    sunt quidam e nostris, qui haec subtilius velint tradere et negent satis esse, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 31:

    rarum est quoddam genus eorum, qui se a corpore avocent,

    id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

    quotus igitur est quisque qui somniis pareat?

    id. ib. 2, 60, 125; id. de Or. 2, 50, 196:

    solus est hic, qui numquam rationes ad aerarium referat,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:

    quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, permulti sunt, qui pro nihilo putent,

    id. Lael. 23, 86:

    erat nemo in quem ea suspicio conveniret,

    id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65, cf.:

    quis enim miles fuit, qui Brundisii illam non viderit? quis, qui nescierit, etc.,

    id. Phil. 2, 25, 61:

    sit aliquis, qui nihil mali habeat,

    id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:

    sunt nonnullae disciplinae, quae officium omne pervertant,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5:

    est quaedam animi sanitas quae in insipientem quoque cadat,

    id. Tusc. 4, 13, 30:

    Syracusis lex est de religione, quae jubeat,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:

    unus est qui curet constantia magis quam consilio,

    id. Att. 1, 18, 7:

    si est una ex omnibus quae sese moveat,

    id. Rep. 6, 26, 28:

    multi sunt, qui non acerbum judicent vivere, sed supervacuum,

    Sen. Ep. 24, 26:

    erant sententiae quae castra Vari oppugnanda censerent,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

    fuere cives qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis perditum irent,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34:

    sunt delicta tamen, quibus ignovisse velimus,

    id. A. P. 347.—
    * c.
    Poet.: est, quibus (acc. to the Gr. estin hois):

    est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae: est quibus in celeres gloria nata pedes,

    Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 17.—
    2.
    With dat., to belong or pertain to; or, rendering the dative as the subject of the verb, to have ( possess, = the Fr. etre a used of property, and of permanent conditions or characteristics, not of temporary states, feelings, etc.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 417 sq.): aliquid reperiret, fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 23:

    nomen Mercurio'st mihi, Plaut Am. prol. 19: nisi jam tum esset honos elo quentiae,

    Cic. Brut. 10, 40:

    est igitur homini cum deo similitudo,

    id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

    familiaritas, quae mihi cum eo est,

    id. Att. 8. 3, 2:

    privatus illis census erat brevis,

    Hor. C. 2, 15, 13; cf.:

    Trojae et huic loco nomen est,

    Liv. 1, 1, 5:

    Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae,

    Ter. Hec. prol. 1:

    cui saltationi Titius nomen esset,

    Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

    cui (fonti) nomen Arethusa est,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:

    Scipio, cui post Africano fuit cognomen,

    Liv. 25, 2, 6.—With ellips. of dat. ( poet.):

    nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei),

    nor is she ashamed, Ov. A. A. 3, 167:

    neque testimonii dictio est (sc. servo),

    has no right to be a witness, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 63.—
    b.
    Esse alicui cum aliquo, to have to do with, to be connected with a person:

    tecum nihil rei nobis, Demipho, est,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74:

    sibi cum illa mima posthac nihil futurum,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    jussit bona proscribi ejus, quicum familiaritas fuerat, societas erat,

    id. Quint. 6, 25:

    si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus,

    id. Fam. 15, 10, 2.—
    3.
    Esse with certain prepp. and their cases (cf. also I. A. 2. 3. 4. supra).
    (α).
    Esse ab aliquo, to be of a person, to be the servant, disciple, adherent, partisan, etc., of:

    es ne tu an non es ab illo milite e Macedonia?

    do you belong to? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 21:

    ab Andria est ancilla haec,

    Ter. And. 3, 1, 3; 4, 4, 17:

    erat enim ab isto Aristotele,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160:

    sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me,

    makes for me, id. de Or 1, 13, 55 (cf. ab, I. B. 3., II. B. 2. o.). —
    (β).
    Esse pro aliquo, to be in favor of, make for:

    (judicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,

    Cic. Clu. 32, 88.—
    (γ).
    Esse ex aliqua re, to consist of, be made up of:

    (creticus) qui est ex longa et brevi et longa,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; cf.:

    duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus,

    id. Or. 63, 212:

    etsi temeritas ex tribus brevibus et longa est,

    id. ib. 63, 214; 64, 215 (v. also 6. infra). —
    4.
    Euphem., in perf. tempp., of one who has died or a thing that has perished, to be no more, to be gone, departed, dead ( poet.):

    horresco misera, mentio quoties fit partionis: Ita paene tibi fuit Phronesium,

    i. e. had almost died, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 92:

    nunc illud est, cum me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,

    id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:

    sive erimus, seu nos fata fuisse velint,

    Tib. 3, 5, 32:

    fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens Gloria Teucrorum,

    Verg. A. 2, 325:

    certus in hospitibus non est amor: errat ut ipsi, Cumque nihil speres firmius esse, fuit,

    Ov. H. 16, (17), 192.—
    5.
    Pregn., to be real or a fact, to be the case; so esp.: est, esto, it is even so, be it so, such is or let such be the case, granted, well, etc.:

    quid tibi vis dicam, nisi quod est?

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 17:

    sunt ista, Laeli,

    Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

    ista esse credere,

    id. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: est vero, inquit, Africane, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 1, 18:

    est ut dicis, inquam,

    id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:

    sit quidem ut sex milia seminum intereant,

    Col. 3, 3, 13:

    esto: ipse nihil est, nihil potest,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; cf.:

    verum esto,

    id. Fin. 2, 23, 75:

    esto,

    Verg. A. 7, 313; 10, 67; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 81; 1, 17, 37 al.—Hence,
    b.
    The connections est ut, ubi, cum, quod, or with a subject-clause, it happens or chances that, it is the case that, there is cause or reason why, there is a time when, it is allowed or permissible that, one may, etc.
    (α).
    Est ut, it is the case or fact, that, etc.:

    sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, dos hic maneat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 32:

    si est, ut dicat velle se, Redde,

    id. Hec. 4, 1, 43:

    si est, culpam ut Antipho in se admiserit,

    id. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:

    est, ut id maxime deceat,

    Cic. Or. 59, 199:

    quando fuit, ut, quod licet, non liceret?

    id. Cael. 20, 48:

    non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, ea praesentiri, etc.,

    id. Div 1, 56, 128:

    non erat, ut fieri posset, mirarier umquam,

    Lucr. 5, 979:

    futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    non est, ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 2:

    est ut viro vir latius ordinet Arbusta sulcis,

    id. C. 3, 1, 9; Dig. 38, 7, 2.—Cf. esse after a neg., with quin:

    numquam est enim, quin aliquid memoriae tradere velimus,

    Auct. Her. 3, 24, 40.—Also, est ut, there is reason, that, etc.:

    magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

    Cic. Cael. 6, 14 fin.: ille erat ut odisset primum defensorem salutis meae, he had good reason for hating [p. 1799] id. Mil. 13, 35; cf.:

    quid erat cur Milo optaret,

    id. ib. 13, 34:

    neque est ut putemus ignorari ea ab animalibus,

    Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3. —
    (β).
    Est ubi, sometime or another, sometimes:

    erit, ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,

    Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26:

    est, ubi id isto modo valeat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—
    (γ).
    Est cum, sometimes:

    est cum non est satius, si, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 4, 26, 36.—
    (δ).
    Est quod, there is reason to, I have occasion:

    est quod visam domum,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:

    etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi quam quod te rogem,

    I have more reason to, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

    est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 31, 9:

    quod timeas non est,

    Ov. H. 19, 159:

    nil est illic quod moremur diutius,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 6:

    non est quod multa loquamur,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 30.—Cf. with cur:

    non est cur eorum spes infragatur,

    Cic. Or. 2, 6:

    nihil est cur,

    id. Fam. 6, 20, 1.—
    (ε).
    Est, sit, etc., with infin. in Gr. constr., it is possible, is allowed, permitted, one may, etc. (mostly poet. and post-class.):

    est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 32:

    Cato, R. R. prooem. § 1: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:

    nec non et Tityon terrae omniparentis alumnum Cernere erat,

    Verg. A. 6, 596; 8, 676; Sil. 2, 413:

    neque est te fallere quicquam,

    Verg. G. 4, 447:

    unde Plus haurire est,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:

    est Gaudia prodentem vultum celare,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 103:

    quod versu dicere non est,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 87:

    quod tangere non est,

    Ov. M. 3, 478:

    quae verbo objecta, verbo negare sit,

    Liv. 42, 41, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    ut conjectare erat intentione vultus,

    Tac. A. 16, 34:

    est videre argentea vasa,

    id. G. 5; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 227.— With dat.:

    ne tibi sit frigida saxa adire,

    Prop. 1, 20, 13; Tib. 1, 6, 24 (32):

    tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum!) Alpinas nives Me sine vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46:

    fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando amicitiae tuae,

    Sall. J. 110, 3; Dig. 46, 3, 72, § 4.—
    (ζ).
    In eo ease ut, etc., to be in a condition to reach the point that, to be possible, etc., to be about to, on the point of, etc. ( impers. or with res, etc., as subj.):

    cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,

    Liv. 2, 17, 5:

    si viderent in eo jam esse ut urbs caperetur,

    id. 28, 22, 8:

    jamque in eo rem fore, ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,

    id. 8, 27, 3:

    cum res non in eo essent ut, etc.,

    id. 33, 41, 9:

    non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut, etc.,

    id. 30, 19, 3; 34, 41. —With person. subj. (late Lat.):

    cum ab Ulixe adducta Iphigenia in eo esset, ut immolaretur,

    Hyg. Fab. 261. —
    6.
    Like the Engl. to be, for to come, fall, reach, to have arrived, etc. (hence also with in and acc.):

    ecquid in mentem est tibi, Patrem tibi esse?

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 54:

    nam numero mi in mentem fuit,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 26:

    ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

    Cic. Quint. 5, 22:

    portus in praedonum fuisse potestatem sciatis,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

    ut certior fieret, quo die in Tusculanum essem futurus,

    id. Att. 15, 4, 2:

    qui neque in provinciam cum imperio fuerunt,

    id. Fam. 8, 8, 8:

    quae ne in potestatem quidem populi Romani esset,

    Liv. 2, 14, 4:

    nec prius militibus in conspectum fuisse,

    Suet. Aug. 16:

    esse in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 66; cf.:

    in eorum potestatem portum futurum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 98; v. Gell. 1, 7, 16 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 316.—
    7.
    Of time, to pass, elapse (rare but class.):

    diem scito nullum esse, quo, etc.,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1.
    II.
    As a copula, to be any thing or in any manner.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    With an adj., subst., or pron.:

    et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 17:

    quod in homine multo est evidentius,

    id. ib. 8, 27:

    sperare videor Scipionis et Laelii amicitiam notam posteritati fore,

    id. ib. 4, 15:

    non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam,

    id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

    cum, ignorante rege, uter esset Orestes, Pylades Orestem se esse diceret, Orestes autem ita ut erat, Orestem se esse perseveraret,

    id. Lael. 7, 24:

    consul autem esse qui potui? etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

    nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,

    are a mere number, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:

    pars non minima triumphi est victimae praecedentes,

    Liv. 45, 49:

    nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,

    Prop. 4 (5), 9, 20:

    sanguis erant lacrimae,

    Luc. 9, 811:

    ego tu sum, tu es ego: unanimi sumus,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 49:

    tuos sum,

    id. Bacch. 1, 1, 60: domus non ea est, quam parietes nostri cingunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19:

    is enim fueram, cui, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 7.—
    2.
    Less freq. with adv. (esp. in colloq. language): Am. Satin' tu sanus es? Sos. Sic sum ut vides, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 57:

    sic, inquit, est,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    est, inquit, ut dicis,

    id. ib. 1, 40, 63:

    quod ita cum sit,

    id. ib. 1, 45, 69:

    quia sunt haud procul ab hujus aetatis memoria,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1 B. and K.:

    nec vero habere virtutem satis est,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 2: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit. Liv. 2, 25:

    dato qui bene sit: ego, ubi bene sit, tibi locum lepidum dabo,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

    apud matrem recte est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 7:

    cum in convivio comiter et jucunde fuisses,

    id. Deiot. 7, 19:

    omnes hanc quaestionem haud remissius sperant futuram,

    id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:

    dicta impune erant,

    Tac. A. 1, 72.—Esp.: facile alicubi (in aliqua re) esse, with pleasure, glad to be:

    quod in maritimis facillime sum,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

    locum habeo nullum ubi facilius esse possum,

    id. Att. 13, 26, 2 (on esse with an adverb, v. Haase ap. Reisig, Vorles. p. 394; cf. also bene under bonus fin.).—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    With gen. part., to be of, belong to a class, party, etc.:

    in republica ita est versatus, ut semper optimarum partium et esset et existimaretur,

    Nep. Att. 6, 1:

    qui ejusdem civitatis fuit,

    id. Them. 9, 1:

    qui Romanae partis erant, urbe excesserunt,

    Liv. 35, 51, 7: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus;

    si defenditis, vestri, si deseritis, Samnitium erimus,

    id. 7, 30, 9 sq. —
    2.
    With gen. or abl. denoting quality.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    nimium me timidum, nullius animi, nullius consilii fuisse confiteor,

    Cic. Sest. 16, 36:

    disputatio non mediocris contentionis est,

    id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

    magni judicii, summae etiam facultatis esse debebit,

    id. Or. 21, 70:

    (virtus) nec tantarum virium est, ut se ipsa tueatur,

    id. Tusc. 5, 1, 2; id. Fin. 5, 12, 36:

    Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit,

    Sall. J. 95, 3:

    summi ut sint laboris,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 2:

    civitas magnae auctoritatis,

    id. ib. 5, 54:

    refer, Cujus fortunae (sit),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54:

    se nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum,

    Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    qui ejusdem aetatis fuit,

    id. ib. 11, 1:

    invicti ad laborem corporis erat,

    Liv. 9, 16:

    nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,

    id. 21, 60:

    somni brevissimi erat,

    Suet. Claud. 33.—So of extent, number, etc.:

    classis centum navium,

    Nep. Them. 2, 2; 2, 5:

    annus trecentarum sexaginta quinque dierum,

    Suet. Caes. 40.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    bono animo es,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4:

    jam aetate ea sum, ut, etc.,

    id. Hec. 5, 1, 11:

    bellum varia victoria fuit,

    Sall. J. 5, 1:

    L. Catilina nobili genere natus fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, set ingenio malo,

    id. C. 5, 1:

    Sulla animo ingenti,

    id. J. 95, 3:

    esse magna gratia,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

    tenuissima valetudine esse,

    id. ib. 5, 40:

    si fuerit is injustus, timidus, hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    mira sum alacritate ad litigandum,

    id. Att. 2, 7, 2:

    bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

    id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

    ut bono essent animo,

    id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:

    ut uxores eodem jure sint quo viri,

    id. ib. 1, 43, 67:

    qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis,

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    abi, quaere, unde domo quis, Cujus fortunae, quo sit patre quove patrono,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54 (cf. I. A. 4. supra). —
    3.
    With gen. or abl. of price or value.
    (α).
    With gen.:

    pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

    videtur esse quantivis pretii,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 15:

    a me argentum, quanti (servus) est, sumito,

    id. Ad. 5, 9, 20:

    si ullo in loco frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

    ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit,

    id. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

    ut quisque, quod plurimi sit, possideat, ita, etc.,

    id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

    magni erunt mihi tuae litterae,

    id. Fam. 15, 15, 4:

    parvi sunt foris arma, nisi, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

    an emat denario quod sit mille denarium,

    id. ib. 3, 23, 92:

    parvi pretii est quod nihili est,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4:

    mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,

    is worth more to me, weighs more with me, id. Att. 12, 28, 2:

    neque pluris pretii cocum quam vilicum habeo,

    Sall. J. 85, 39:

    erat (agellus) centum milium nummum,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 3, 1. —
    (β).
    With abl.: sextante sal et Romae et per totam I i aliam erat, was worth, stood at, Liv. 29, 37.—
    4.
    With gen. of possession, etc., it belongs, pertains to; or it is the part, property, nature, mark, sign, custom, or duty of, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc.,

    who possess, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

    ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent,

    Liv. 37, 55, 5:

    teneamus eum cursum, qui semper fuit optimi cujusque,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

    quamobrem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 9; id. de Or. 2, 20, 86:

    sapientis est consilium explicare suum, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 333:

    temeritas est florentis aetatis, prudentia senescentis,

    id. Sen. 6, 20:

    est adulescentis majores natu vereri,

    id. Off. 1, 34, 122:

    Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant,

    Liv. 8, 12, 13:

    tota tribuniciae potestatis erat,

    id. 3, 48:

    alterius morientis prope totus exercitus fuit,

    id. 22, 50:

    jam me Pompeii totum esse scis,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:

    hominum, non causarum, toti erant,

    Liv. 3, 36:

    plebs novarum, ut solet, rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse,

    were devoted to, favored, id. 23, 14:

    Dolopes numquam Aetolorum fuerant: Philippi erant,

    id. 38, 3:

    Ptolemaeus propter aetatem alieni arbitrii erat,

    id. 42, 29:

    est miserorum ut malevolentes sint,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 51:

    quod alterum divinitatis mihi cujusdam videtur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86:

    negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

    non est gravitatis ac sapientiae tuae, ferre immoderatius casum incommodorum tuorum,

    id. Fam. 5, 16, 5:

    est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—Rarely with pronom. posses.:

    est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur,

    Cic. Mur. 38, 83:

    fuit meum quidem jam pridem rem publicam lugere,

    id. Att. 12, 28, 2.—
    (β).
    Esp., with gerundive, to denote tendency, effect, etc.:

    quae res evertendae rei publicae solerent esse,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:

    regium inperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis fuerat,

    Sall. C. 6, 7:

    qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent,

    Liv. 3, 31, 7:

    ea prodendi imperii Romani, tradendae Hannibali victoriae esse,

    id. 27, 9, 12:

    nihil tam aequandae libertatis esse quam potentissimum quemque posse dicere causam,

    id. 38, 51, 8:

    frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse,

    id. 3, 24, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 39, 8; 5, 3, 5; 40, 29, 11.—
    5.
    With dat. of the end, object, purpose, etc.:

    vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:

    etiam quae esui potuique non sunt, contineri legato,

    Dig. 33, 9, 3; Gell. 4, 1, 20:

    ut divites conferrent, qui essent oneri ferendo,

    Liv. 2, 9:

    magis vis morbi curae esset, maxime quod, etc.,

    id. 4, 21, 5:

    cum solvendo aere (i. e. aeri) alieno res publica non esset,

    id. 31, 13:

    iniciuntur ea, quae umori extrahendo sunt,

    Cels. 4, 10 fin. — Esp. in phrase solvendo esse, to be solvent, able to pay:

    tu nec solvendo eras,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

    cum solvendo civitates non essent,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2 (v. solvo).—
    6.
    With predicative dat. sing., denoting that which the subject is, becomes, appears to be, etc.
    (α).
    Without second dat. of pers.:

    auxilio is fuit,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 94:

    magis curae'st,

    id. Bacch. 4, 10, 3; id. Curc. 4, 2, 15; id. As. 1, 3, 23; id. Capt. 5, 2, 13 sq.:

    cui bono fuerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

    eo natus sum ut Jugurthae scelerum ostentui essem,

    Sall. J. 24, 10: cupis me esse nequam;

    tamen ero frugi bonae,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51:

    magnoque esse argumento, homines scire pleraque antequam nati sint, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 21, 78:

    multi Indicioque sui facti persaepe fuere, Lucr 4, 1019: ejus rei ipsa verba formulae testimonio sunt,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

    haec res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuit,

    Liv. 4, 13:

    cujus rei Demosthenes atque Aeschines possunt esse documento,

    Quint. 7, 1, 2.—
    (β).
    With second dat. of pers.:

    obsecro vos ego mi auxilio sitis,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 5; id. Ep. 5, 2, 11; id. Most. 1, 2, 68:

    ne quid Captioni mihi sit,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

    mihi cordi est,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:

    ubi eris damno molestiae et dedecori saepe fueris,

    id. As. 3, 2, 25:

    metuo illaec mihi res ne malo magno fuat,

    id. Mil. 2, 6, 12:

    nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse potest,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 4:

    bono usui estis nulli,

    id. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    quae sint nobis morbo mortique,

    Lucr. 6, 1095:

    quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 46:

    omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: ut mihi magnae curae tuam vitam ac dignitatem esse scires, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A fin.:

    accusant ei, quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: haec tam parva [p. 1800] civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:

    ea dictitare, quae detrimento, maculae, invidiae, infamiae nobis omnibus esse possint,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §

    144: minus ea bella curae patribus erant, quam, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 23, 1:

    sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc.,

    id. 4, 7, 6:

    si hoc perinde curae est tibi quam illud mihi,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 9:

    quantaeque curae tibi fuit, ne quis, etc.,

    id. Pan. 25, 3:

    quantae sit mihi curae,

    id. Ep. 6, 8, 2:

    si judicibus ipsis aut gloriae damnatio rei aut deformitati futura absolutio,

    Quint. 6, 1, 12.—Rarely with dat. gerund:

    nec tamen impedimento id rebus gerundis fuit,

    Liv. 26, 24 (for a full account of this dative, v. Roby, Gram. 2, praef. pp. xxv.-lvi., and § 1158 sq.).—
    7.
    Esse ad aliquid, to be of use for, to serve for:

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato, R. R. 125:

    completae naves taeda et pice reliquisque rebus quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

    valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124.—
    8.
    Id est or hoc est, with predic.-clause by way of explanatory addition, that is, that is to say; sometimes also with a climax in the sense, which is as much as to say, or which is the same thing:

    sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur,

    Cic. Brut. 46, 172:

    quodsi in scena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

    id. Lael. 26, 97:

    meos amicos, in quibus est studium, in Graeciam mitto, id est ad Graecos ire jubeo,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

    si Epicurum, id est si Democritum probarem,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 6:

    ut (sapiens) aegritudine opprimatur, id est miseria,

    id. Tusc. 3, 13, 27: a parte negotiali, hoc est pragmatikêi, Quint. 3, 7, 1:

    cum in bona tua invasero, hoc est, cum te docuero,

    id. 8, 3, 89.—
    9.
    Poet., with Greek inf. pleonastically:

    esse dederat monumentum,

    Verg. A. 5, 572 (cf.: dôke xeinêion einai, Hom. Il. 10, 269).
    2.
    sum = eum, Enn. ap. Fest., v. is.
    3.
    sum- in composition, for sub before m; v. sub fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sum

  • 34 tanti

    tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].
    I.
    Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.
    1.
    With [p. 1841] quantus:

    nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

    quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:

    est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:

    tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:

    quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,

    Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—
    2.
    With ut.
    a.
    Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:

    tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B G 4, 17:

    non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

    quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?

    Curt. 4, 10, 29:

    quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?

    id. 6, 7, 30.—
    b.
    Denoting comparison:

    tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,

    Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—
    3.
    With rel. qui, etc.:

    cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

    statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,

    id. Sull. 2, 7:

    nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,

    id. Marcell. 3, 8.—
    4.
    Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:

    tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,

    id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:

    qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:

    neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,

    id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:

    tantilla tanta verba funditat,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:

    ne tantae nationes conjugantur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 11:

    onus,

    id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:

    non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,

    id. de Or 2, 20, 84:

    qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,

    id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:

    tot tantaque vitia,

    id. Verr 1, 16, 47:

    quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,

    id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:

    conservare urbes tantas atque tales,

    id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

    tanta ista mala,

    Sall. C. 40, 2;

    Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,

    Verg. G. 2, 154:

    tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,

    id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:

    sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,

    six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,

    sexcenta tanta,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:

    tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,

    three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:

    jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,

    such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:

    si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,

    Lact. 1, 3, 21.—
    5.
    With quam:

    maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:

    tantus ille ventorum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—
    6.
    Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):

    cur tanto opere extimueras?

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:

    si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:

    mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—
    B.
    Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):

    tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,

    Val. Fl. 5, 636:

    lamentabile tantis urbibus,

    Stat. Th. 11, 160:

    legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,

    Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:

    numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,

    Luc. 7, 834. —
    C.
    Neutr. absol.
    1.
    tantum, so much, so many:

    habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

    decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:

    iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,

    Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):

    cum tantum belli in manibus esset,

    Liv. 4, 57, 1:

    sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:

    tantum hostium intra muros est,

    Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:

    sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:

    etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):

    tantum... dum,

    Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:

    tantum modo... dum,

    Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —
    b.
    In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:

    vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,

    Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—
    2.
    Gen. (of price) tanti:

    tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:

    tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,

    it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:

    frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

    ubi me dixero dare tanti,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:

    graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,

    in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —
    b.
    Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:

    tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:

    hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:

    sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 22:

    etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,

    id. Mil. 22, 58:

    juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 13, 2:

    cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),

    Quint. 12, 8, 4:

    sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,

    Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—
    3.
    Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:

    quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:

    quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,

    id. B. C. 1, 81:

    tanto major vis, quanto recentior,

    Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:

    reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:

    tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:

    bis tanto pluris,

    id. Men. 4, 3, 6:

    ter tanto pejor,

    id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:

    multo tanto miserior,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:

    si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

    post tanto,

    Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:

    tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:

    doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:

    tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,

    Cat. 49, 6.—
    b.
    In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;

    so too: tanto melior,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:

    tanto hercle melior,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:

    tanto major! tanto augustior!

    how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:

    tanto nequior!

    so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,

    tanto miserior,

    id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—
    4.
    In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:

    danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:

    quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:

    in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

    Liv. 22, 27.
    II.
    Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):

    ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:

    praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35:

    tantum navium,

    id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.
    A.
    So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:

    tantum, quantum quis fuge,

    as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:

    de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:

    id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,

    so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:

    rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1:

    tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,

    Liv. 37, 39, 6:

    tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,

    so long, id. 27, 42, 13:

    tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,

    Plaut. Men. prol. 16:

    ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

    nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,

    Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):

    nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,

    Verg. G. 4, 101:

    juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:

    tantum dissimilis,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 313:

    Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,

    Vell. 2, 11, 1.—
    B.
    (Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:

    tantum monet, quantum intellegit,

    only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:

    tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

    quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,

    id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,

    id. Par. 2, 17:

    dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,

    id. Fl. 15, 34:

    notus mihi nomine tantum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:

    apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,

    non tantum... sed,

    id. 9, 3, 28:

    nec tantum... sed (etiam),

    id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;

    once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    unum flumen tantum intererat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

    unum defuisse tantum superbiae,

    Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—
    b.
    Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;

    whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

    ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,

    id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:

    cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,

    id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:

    omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,

    id. ib. 4, 6, 6:

    pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 62:

    velis tantummodo,

    you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:

    unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,

    Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:

    neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:

    neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,

    Liv. 9, 37, 2:

    Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,

    id. 21, 32, 4; so,

    non tantummodo... sed etiam,

    Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:

    non tantummodo... sed... quoque,

    Vell. 2, 110, 5:

    non tantummodo... verum etiam,

    Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:

    rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—
    2.
    Particular phrases.
    a.
    Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):

    cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,

    Liv. 5, 7, 2:

    tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,

    id. 34, 40, 5:

    tantum non ad portam bellum esse,

    id. 25, 15, 1:

    videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,

    id. 37, 29, 9:

    cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,

    id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:

    tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,

    Suet. Tib. 11:

    tantum non statim a funere,

    id. ib. 52:

    tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,

    id. ib. 66:

    tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,

    id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:

    tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,

    only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:

    dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,

    id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:

    ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,

    Quint. 6, 2, 4.—
    b.
    Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):

    tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:

    tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,

    Vell. 2, 117, 1:

    haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:

    navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,

    Suet. Aug. 98:

    natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,

    id. Ner. 6:

    tantum quod pueritiam egresso,

    id. Aug. 63:

    dentem tantum quod exemptum,

    id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):

    tantum alone = tantum quod,

    Verg. E. 6, 16. —
    c.
    Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:

    tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tanti

  • 35 tanto

    tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].
    I.
    Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.
    1.
    With [p. 1841] quantus:

    nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

    quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:

    est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:

    tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:

    quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,

    Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—
    2.
    With ut.
    a.
    Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:

    tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B G 4, 17:

    non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

    quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?

    Curt. 4, 10, 29:

    quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?

    id. 6, 7, 30.—
    b.
    Denoting comparison:

    tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,

    Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—
    3.
    With rel. qui, etc.:

    cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

    statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,

    id. Sull. 2, 7:

    nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,

    id. Marcell. 3, 8.—
    4.
    Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:

    tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,

    id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:

    qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:

    neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,

    id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:

    tantilla tanta verba funditat,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:

    ne tantae nationes conjugantur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 11:

    onus,

    id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:

    non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,

    id. de Or 2, 20, 84:

    qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,

    id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:

    tot tantaque vitia,

    id. Verr 1, 16, 47:

    quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,

    id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:

    conservare urbes tantas atque tales,

    id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

    tanta ista mala,

    Sall. C. 40, 2;

    Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,

    Verg. G. 2, 154:

    tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,

    id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:

    sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,

    six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,

    sexcenta tanta,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:

    tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,

    three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:

    jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,

    such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:

    si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,

    Lact. 1, 3, 21.—
    5.
    With quam:

    maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:

    tantus ille ventorum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—
    6.
    Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):

    cur tanto opere extimueras?

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:

    si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:

    mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—
    B.
    Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):

    tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,

    Val. Fl. 5, 636:

    lamentabile tantis urbibus,

    Stat. Th. 11, 160:

    legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,

    Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:

    numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,

    Luc. 7, 834. —
    C.
    Neutr. absol.
    1.
    tantum, so much, so many:

    habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

    decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:

    iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,

    Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):

    cum tantum belli in manibus esset,

    Liv. 4, 57, 1:

    sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:

    tantum hostium intra muros est,

    Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:

    sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:

    etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):

    tantum... dum,

    Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:

    tantum modo... dum,

    Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —
    b.
    In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:

    vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,

    Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—
    2.
    Gen. (of price) tanti:

    tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:

    tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,

    it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:

    frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

    ubi me dixero dare tanti,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:

    graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,

    in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —
    b.
    Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:

    tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:

    hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:

    sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 22:

    etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,

    id. Mil. 22, 58:

    juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 13, 2:

    cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),

    Quint. 12, 8, 4:

    sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,

    Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—
    3.
    Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:

    quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:

    quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,

    id. B. C. 1, 81:

    tanto major vis, quanto recentior,

    Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:

    reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:

    tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:

    bis tanto pluris,

    id. Men. 4, 3, 6:

    ter tanto pejor,

    id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:

    multo tanto miserior,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:

    si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

    post tanto,

    Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:

    tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:

    doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:

    tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,

    Cat. 49, 6.—
    b.
    In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;

    so too: tanto melior,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:

    tanto hercle melior,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:

    tanto major! tanto augustior!

    how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:

    tanto nequior!

    so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,

    tanto miserior,

    id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—
    4.
    In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:

    danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:

    quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:

    in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

    Liv. 22, 27.
    II.
    Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):

    ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:

    praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35:

    tantum navium,

    id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.
    A.
    So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:

    tantum, quantum quis fuge,

    as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:

    de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:

    id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,

    so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:

    rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1:

    tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,

    Liv. 37, 39, 6:

    tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,

    so long, id. 27, 42, 13:

    tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,

    Plaut. Men. prol. 16:

    ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

    nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,

    Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):

    nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,

    Verg. G. 4, 101:

    juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:

    tantum dissimilis,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 313:

    Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,

    Vell. 2, 11, 1.—
    B.
    (Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:

    tantum monet, quantum intellegit,

    only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:

    tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

    quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,

    id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,

    id. Par. 2, 17:

    dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,

    id. Fl. 15, 34:

    notus mihi nomine tantum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:

    apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,

    non tantum... sed,

    id. 9, 3, 28:

    nec tantum... sed (etiam),

    id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;

    once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    unum flumen tantum intererat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

    unum defuisse tantum superbiae,

    Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—
    b.
    Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;

    whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

    ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,

    id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:

    cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,

    id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:

    omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,

    id. ib. 4, 6, 6:

    pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 62:

    velis tantummodo,

    you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:

    unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,

    Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:

    neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:

    neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,

    Liv. 9, 37, 2:

    Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,

    id. 21, 32, 4; so,

    non tantummodo... sed etiam,

    Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:

    non tantummodo... sed... quoque,

    Vell. 2, 110, 5:

    non tantummodo... verum etiam,

    Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:

    rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—
    2.
    Particular phrases.
    a.
    Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):

    cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,

    Liv. 5, 7, 2:

    tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,

    id. 34, 40, 5:

    tantum non ad portam bellum esse,

    id. 25, 15, 1:

    videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,

    id. 37, 29, 9:

    cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,

    id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:

    tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,

    Suet. Tib. 11:

    tantum non statim a funere,

    id. ib. 52:

    tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,

    id. ib. 66:

    tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,

    id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:

    tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,

    only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:

    dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,

    id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:

    ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,

    Quint. 6, 2, 4.—
    b.
    Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):

    tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:

    tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,

    Vell. 2, 117, 1:

    haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:

    navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,

    Suet. Aug. 98:

    natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,

    id. Ner. 6:

    tantum quod pueritiam egresso,

    id. Aug. 63:

    dentem tantum quod exemptum,

    id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):

    tantum alone = tantum quod,

    Verg. E. 6, 16. —
    c.
    Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:

    tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tanto

  • 36 tanto opere

    tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].
    I.
    Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.
    1.
    With [p. 1841] quantus:

    nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

    quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:

    est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:

    tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:

    quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,

    Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—
    2.
    With ut.
    a.
    Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:

    tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B G 4, 17:

    non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

    quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?

    Curt. 4, 10, 29:

    quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?

    id. 6, 7, 30.—
    b.
    Denoting comparison:

    tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,

    Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—
    3.
    With rel. qui, etc.:

    cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

    statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,

    id. Sull. 2, 7:

    nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,

    id. Marcell. 3, 8.—
    4.
    Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:

    tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,

    id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:

    qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:

    neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,

    id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:

    tantilla tanta verba funditat,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:

    ne tantae nationes conjugantur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 11:

    onus,

    id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:

    non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,

    id. de Or 2, 20, 84:

    qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,

    id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:

    tot tantaque vitia,

    id. Verr 1, 16, 47:

    quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,

    id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:

    conservare urbes tantas atque tales,

    id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

    tanta ista mala,

    Sall. C. 40, 2;

    Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,

    Verg. G. 2, 154:

    tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,

    id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:

    sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,

    six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,

    sexcenta tanta,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:

    tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,

    three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:

    jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,

    such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:

    si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,

    Lact. 1, 3, 21.—
    5.
    With quam:

    maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:

    tantus ille ventorum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—
    6.
    Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):

    cur tanto opere extimueras?

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:

    si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:

    mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—
    B.
    Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):

    tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,

    Val. Fl. 5, 636:

    lamentabile tantis urbibus,

    Stat. Th. 11, 160:

    legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,

    Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:

    numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,

    Luc. 7, 834. —
    C.
    Neutr. absol.
    1.
    tantum, so much, so many:

    habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

    decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:

    iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,

    Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):

    cum tantum belli in manibus esset,

    Liv. 4, 57, 1:

    sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:

    tantum hostium intra muros est,

    Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:

    sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:

    etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):

    tantum... dum,

    Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:

    tantum modo... dum,

    Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —
    b.
    In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:

    vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,

    Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—
    2.
    Gen. (of price) tanti:

    tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:

    tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,

    it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:

    frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

    ubi me dixero dare tanti,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:

    graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,

    in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —
    b.
    Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:

    tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:

    hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:

    sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 22:

    etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,

    id. Mil. 22, 58:

    juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 13, 2:

    cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),

    Quint. 12, 8, 4:

    sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,

    Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—
    3.
    Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:

    quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:

    quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,

    id. B. C. 1, 81:

    tanto major vis, quanto recentior,

    Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:

    reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:

    tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:

    bis tanto pluris,

    id. Men. 4, 3, 6:

    ter tanto pejor,

    id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:

    multo tanto miserior,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:

    si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

    post tanto,

    Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:

    tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:

    doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:

    tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,

    Cat. 49, 6.—
    b.
    In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;

    so too: tanto melior,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:

    tanto hercle melior,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:

    tanto major! tanto augustior!

    how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:

    tanto nequior!

    so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,

    tanto miserior,

    id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—
    4.
    In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:

    danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:

    quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:

    in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

    Liv. 22, 27.
    II.
    Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):

    ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:

    praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35:

    tantum navium,

    id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.
    A.
    So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:

    tantum, quantum quis fuge,

    as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:

    de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:

    id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,

    so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:

    rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1:

    tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,

    Liv. 37, 39, 6:

    tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,

    so long, id. 27, 42, 13:

    tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,

    Plaut. Men. prol. 16:

    ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

    nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,

    Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):

    nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,

    Verg. G. 4, 101:

    juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:

    tantum dissimilis,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 313:

    Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,

    Vell. 2, 11, 1.—
    B.
    (Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:

    tantum monet, quantum intellegit,

    only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:

    tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

    quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,

    id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,

    id. Par. 2, 17:

    dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,

    id. Fl. 15, 34:

    notus mihi nomine tantum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:

    apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,

    non tantum... sed,

    id. 9, 3, 28:

    nec tantum... sed (etiam),

    id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;

    once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    unum flumen tantum intererat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

    unum defuisse tantum superbiae,

    Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—
    b.
    Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;

    whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

    ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,

    id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:

    cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,

    id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:

    omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,

    id. ib. 4, 6, 6:

    pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 62:

    velis tantummodo,

    you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:

    unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,

    Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:

    neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:

    neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,

    Liv. 9, 37, 2:

    Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,

    id. 21, 32, 4; so,

    non tantummodo... sed etiam,

    Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:

    non tantummodo... sed... quoque,

    Vell. 2, 110, 5:

    non tantummodo... verum etiam,

    Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:

    rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—
    2.
    Particular phrases.
    a.
    Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):

    cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,

    Liv. 5, 7, 2:

    tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,

    id. 34, 40, 5:

    tantum non ad portam bellum esse,

    id. 25, 15, 1:

    videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,

    id. 37, 29, 9:

    cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,

    id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:

    tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,

    Suet. Tib. 11:

    tantum non statim a funere,

    id. ib. 52:

    tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,

    id. ib. 66:

    tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,

    id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:

    tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,

    only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:

    dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,

    id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:

    ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,

    Quint. 6, 2, 4.—
    b.
    Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):

    tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:

    tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,

    Vell. 2, 117, 1:

    haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:

    navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,

    Suet. Aug. 98:

    natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,

    id. Ner. 6:

    tantum quod pueritiam egresso,

    id. Aug. 63:

    dentem tantum quod exemptum,

    id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):

    tantum alone = tantum quod,

    Verg. E. 6, 16. —
    c.
    Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:

    tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tanto opere

  • 37 tantus

    tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].
    I.
    Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.
    1.
    With [p. 1841] quantus:

    nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

    quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:

    est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:

    tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:

    quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,

    Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—
    2.
    With ut.
    a.
    Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:

    tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B G 4, 17:

    non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;

    unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

    quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?

    Curt. 4, 10, 29:

    quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?

    id. 6, 7, 30.—
    b.
    Denoting comparison:

    tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,

    Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—
    3.
    With rel. qui, etc.:

    cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:

    statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,

    id. Sull. 2, 7:

    nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,

    id. Marcell. 3, 8.—
    4.
    Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:

    tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,

    id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:

    qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:

    neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,

    id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:

    tantilla tanta verba funditat,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:

    ne tantae nationes conjugantur,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 11:

    onus,

    id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:

    non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,

    id. de Or 2, 20, 84:

    qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,

    id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:

    tot tantaque vitia,

    id. Verr 1, 16, 47:

    quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,

    id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:

    conservare urbes tantas atque tales,

    id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:

    tanta ista mala,

    Sall. C. 40, 2;

    Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,

    Verg. G. 2, 154:

    tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,

    id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:

    sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,

    six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,

    sexcenta tanta,

    id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:

    tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,

    three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:

    jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,

    such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:

    si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,

    Lact. 1, 3, 21.—
    5.
    With quam:

    maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,

    Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:

    tantus ille ventorum,

    Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—
    6.
    Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):

    cur tanto opere extimueras?

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:

    si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:

    mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—
    B.
    Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):

    tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,

    Val. Fl. 5, 636:

    lamentabile tantis urbibus,

    Stat. Th. 11, 160:

    legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,

    Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:

    numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,

    Luc. 7, 834. —
    C.
    Neutr. absol.
    1.
    tantum, so much, so many:

    habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

    decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:

    iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,

    Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):

    cum tantum belli in manibus esset,

    Liv. 4, 57, 1:

    sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:

    tantum hostium intra muros est,

    Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:

    sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:

    etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):

    tantum... dum,

    Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:

    tantum modo... dum,

    Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —
    b.
    In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:

    vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,

    Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—
    2.
    Gen. (of price) tanti:

    tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:

    tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,

    it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:

    frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

    ubi me dixero dare tanti,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:

    graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,

    in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —
    b.
    Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:

    tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:

    hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:

    sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 22:

    etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,

    id. Mil. 22, 58:

    juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 13, 2:

    cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),

    Quint. 12, 8, 4:

    sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,

    Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—
    3.
    Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:

    quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:

    quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,

    id. B. C. 1, 81:

    tanto major vis, quanto recentior,

    Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:

    reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:

    tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:

    bis tanto pluris,

    id. Men. 4, 3, 6:

    ter tanto pejor,

    id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:

    multo tanto miserior,

    id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:

    si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

    post tanto,

    Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:

    tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:

    doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:

    tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,

    Cat. 49, 6.—
    b.
    In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;

    so too: tanto melior,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:

    tanto hercle melior,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:

    tanto major! tanto augustior!

    how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:

    tanto nequior!

    so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,

    tanto miserior,

    id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—
    4.
    In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:

    danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:

    quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:

    in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

    Liv. 22, 27.
    II.
    Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):

    ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:

    praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35:

    tantum navium,

    id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.
    A.
    So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:

    tantum, quantum quis fuge,

    as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:

    de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:

    id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,

    so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:

    rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1:

    tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,

    Liv. 37, 39, 6:

    tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,

    so long, id. 27, 42, 13:

    tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,

    Plaut. Men. prol. 16:

    ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

    nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,

    Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):

    nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,

    Verg. G. 4, 101:

    juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:

    tantum dissimilis,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 313:

    Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,

    Vell. 2, 11, 1.—
    B.
    (Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:

    tantum monet, quantum intellegit,

    only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:

    tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

    quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,

    id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

    nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,

    id. Par. 2, 17:

    dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,

    id. Fl. 15, 34:

    notus mihi nomine tantum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:

    apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,

    non tantum... sed,

    id. 9, 3, 28:

    nec tantum... sed (etiam),

    id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;

    once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

    unum flumen tantum intererat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

    unum defuisse tantum superbiae,

    Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—
    b.
    Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;

    whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

    ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,

    id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:

    cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,

    id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:

    omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,

    id. ib. 4, 6, 6:

    pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),

    Caes. B. C. 1, 62:

    velis tantummodo,

    you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:

    unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,

    Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:

    neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:

    neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,

    Liv. 9, 37, 2:

    Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,

    id. 21, 32, 4; so,

    non tantummodo... sed etiam,

    Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:

    non tantummodo... sed... quoque,

    Vell. 2, 110, 5:

    non tantummodo... verum etiam,

    Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:

    rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—
    2.
    Particular phrases.
    a.
    Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):

    cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,

    Liv. 5, 7, 2:

    tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,

    id. 34, 40, 5:

    tantum non ad portam bellum esse,

    id. 25, 15, 1:

    videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,

    id. 37, 29, 9:

    cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,

    id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:

    tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,

    Suet. Tib. 11:

    tantum non statim a funere,

    id. ib. 52:

    tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,

    id. ib. 66:

    tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,

    id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:

    tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,

    only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:

    dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,

    id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:

    ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,

    Quint. 6, 2, 4.—
    b.
    Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):

    tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:

    tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,

    Vell. 2, 117, 1:

    haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:

    navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,

    Suet. Aug. 98:

    natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,

    id. Ner. 6:

    tantum quod pueritiam egresso,

    id. Aug. 63:

    dentem tantum quod exemptum,

    id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):

    tantum alone = tantum quod,

    Verg. E. 6, 16. —
    c.
    Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:

    tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tantus

  • 38 usus

    1.
    ūsus, a, um, Part. of utor.
    2.
    ūsus, ūs, m. [utor], the use or using of any thing, in the widest sense (cf.: consuetudo, mos).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    The use, employment, exercise of any thing; with gen. obj.:

    virtus in usu sui tota posita est: usus autem ejus est maximus civitatis gubernatio,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

    cetera, ad virtutis usum idonea,

    id. Ac. 1, 6, 22.— Absol.:

    Quaeque ipsi doceant in usu habere,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10:

    nec rhus Latinum nomen habet, cum in usum pluribus modis veniat,

    Plin. 24, 11, 54, § 91.—
    2.
    Wear, a wearing out or away ( poet.):

    ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 473:

    silices tenuantur ab usu,

    id. ib. 3, 91.—
    3.
    Use, enjoyment, [p. 1939] fruition:

    et usu rerum necessarium et dignitate spoliatum iri,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 66:

    tantumque nobis in nostrum privatum usum, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

    cave sis ne tu te usu perduis (i. e. ex usu tui),

    lose control of yourself, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 225 Ussing ad loc.—
    4.
    Use, practice, exercise:

    tantum usu cottidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

    quod adsiduus usus uni rei deditus et ingenium et artem saepe vincit,

    Cic. Balb. 20, 45:

    cum rerum magnarum tractatio atque usus cum illarum artium studiis et cognitione conjungitur,

    id. Rep. 3, 3, 5:

    ad eam doctrinam, quam suo quisque studio adsecutus esset, adjungeretur usus frequens,

    id. de Or. 1, 4, 15:

    docuit nos longa vita ususque rerum maximarum,

    id. ib. 2, 50, 204:

    usu quidem in re publicā rerum maximarum facile omnis viceris,

    id. Rep. 1, 23, 37.—
    5.
    Use, experience, discipline, skill acquired by practice (cf. experientia): Da. O Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram. Ge. Mi usus venit, hoc scio, i. e. I have found it so by experience, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23 (al. usu venit; v. infra, II. C. 2.):

    vir tali prudentiā, etiam usu atque exercitatione praeditus,

    Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    res posita in usu militari,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    usum in re publicā magnum habere,

    id. Phil. 10, 2, 6: magnum in re militari usum habere, Caes B G. 1, 39; id. B. C. 2, 34:

    non recusare se, quin nullius usus imperator existimaretur,

    id. ib. 3, 45:

    nullo usu rei militaris percepto,

    id. B. G. 6, 40; id. B. C. 3, 84:

    usu nauticarum rerum ceteros antecedunt,

    id. B. G. 3, 8:

    ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallerent,

    id. B. C. 3, 86:

    et Marius aut belli usum aut studia volgi amissurus,

    Sall. J. 84, 3; cf. id. ib. 89, 6:

    dantur duo usu sapientiāque praestantes,

    Nep. Timoth. 3, 2:

    seris venit usus ab annis,

    Ov. M. 6, 29:

    tum foeda clades, Romanisque usu incognita,

    Flor. 2, 2, 23. —Personified:

    adiciam quod me docuit usus, magister egregius,

    experience, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 12:

    usum et esse et haberi optimum dicendi magistrum,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4.—
    6.
    Use, habit, usage, custom, practice:

    usum loquendi populo concessi: scientiam mihi reservavi,

    Cic. Or. 48, 160:

    dicendi omnis ratio in medio posita communi quodam in usu,

    id. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

    neque quem usum belli haberent, aut quibus institutis uterentur,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 20:

    (vitulos) ad studium atque usum formabis agrestem,

    Verg. G. 3, 163:

    est omnino Capitoni in usu claros viros colere,

    it is his custom, Plin. Ep. 1, 17, 3:

    populum auctoritate suā ad usum frugalitatis revocavit,

    Just. 20, 4, 5:

    ab his Galli usum vitae cultioris didicerunt,

    id. 43, 4, 1:

    at horum recitatio usu jam recepta est,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 3:

    cadent vocabula, si volet usus,

    Hor. A. P. 71.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    In jurid. lang.
    a.
    Usus et fructus, usus fructusque, and more frequently in one word, ūsusfructus, the use and enjoyment of property belonging to another, usufruct:

    usus enim ejus fundi et fructus testamento viri fuerat Caesenniae,

    Cic. Caecin. 7, 19:

    sibi horum usus fructusque contingat,

    Sen. Ep. 73, 9:

    rem nobis eripit casus, usum fructumque apud nos relinquit,

    id. ib. 98, 11:

    usumfructum omnium bonorum suorum Caesenniae legat, ut frueretur una cum filio,

    Cic. Caecin. 4, 11; cf.:

    ususfructus est jus alienis rebus utendi fruendi, salvā rerum substantiā,

    Dig. 7, 1, 1; v. the entire title, usufructu: dominus proprietatis alii usumfructum in jure cedere potest, Gai inst. 2, 30 sqq.; 2, 86; Ulp. Fragm. 15, 3.—
    b. (α).
    In the connection usus et auctoritas, or without the copula, usus auctoritas; v. auctoritas; and cf. Rein, Röm. Privatr. p. 144 sq.—
    (β).
    In the phrase usu capere, to acquire by prescription (often as one word; v. 1. usucapio); hence, com.: Mer. Quojus nunc es? Sos. Tuos:

    nam pugnis usu fecisti tuom,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218.—
    2.
    Intercourse, familiarity, association, intimacy, society (cf.:

    consuetudo, conversatio): domesticus usus et consuetudo,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    quocum mihi est magnus usus,

    id. Fam. 7, 32, 1; 9, 25, 2:

    conjunctus magno usu familiaritatis,

    id. ib. 13, 52:

    in tanto usu nostro tantāque amicitiā,

    id. Planc. 2, 5:

    inter nosmet ipsos vetus usus intercedit,

    id. Fam. 13, 23, 1: ut insinuaret se in quam maxime familiarem usum, Liv. 40, 21, 11:

    recens praestat nec longo cognitus usu,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 9:

    natio nullo commercio colens mutuos usus,

    Curt. 7, 3, 5:

    neminem in usu habes nisi tibi dilectum,

    Plin. Pan. 88.—Hence,
    b.
    In mal. part., Tib. 1, 9, 55; Ov. R. Am. 357.—
    3.
    Use, practice, reality (opp. species):

    ut (liberi) in usum boni sint et in speciem populo,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42:

    illam alteram (partem Numidiae) specie quam usu potiorem Adherbal possedit,

    Sall. J. 16, 5:

    ut non in usum sic ad speciem imperii,

    Flor. 3, 13, 4.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Use, usefulness, value, utility, benefit, profit, advantage:

    levis fructus, exiguus usus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

    (arborum) consectio magnos usus affert ad navigia facienda,

    id. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

    propter lini inopiam atque ejus usus inscientiam,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

    naves factae subito ex umidā materiā non eundem usum celeritatis habebant,

    capacity, fitness, id. B. C. 1, 58:

    natis in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare,

    service, Hor. C. 1, 27, 1:

    aurum cogere humanos in usus,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 51:

    pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum,

    Ov. M. 2, 36:

    nescis, quo valeat numus? quem praebeat usum?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 73:

    quidve ad amicitias, usus rectumne trahat nos,

    id. ib. 2, 6, 75:

    neque quisquam omnium libidini simul et usui paruit,

    Sall. C. 51, 2:

    plures quam quot satis in usum erant ignes,

    Liv. 36, 10, 12:

    servos quos domum quis ducet suo usu,

    Dig. 50, 16, 203:

    cicuta quoque venenum est... ad multa tamen usus non omittendi,

    Plin. 25, 13, 95, § 151.—In partic., usui or ex usu esse, to be of use, service, or benefit, to be useful, serviceable, advantageous, or profitable:

    esse usui civitati, ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 1; id. B. C. 1, 19; Liv. 3, 33, 5; cf.:

    (Satrius) fuit et mihi et Quinto fratri magno usui in nostris petitionibus,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3:

    magno usui rei publicae esse,

    id. Phil. 10, 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    bono usui esse,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

    peritos legum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,

    Liv. 3, 33, 5:

    declararent, utrum proelium ex usu esset necne,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 50; so,

    ex usu esse,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 14; Plin. 25, 13, 110, § 175:

    ad omnia haec magis opportunus nec magis ex usu tuo Nemo'st,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 47. —
    B.
    Use, occasion, need, want, necessity:

    non te instruere domum tuam voluerunt in provinciā, sed illum usum provinciae supplere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9:

    quae belli usus poscunt, suppeditare,

    Liv. 26, 43, 7:

    illuc euntium, quā quemque suorum usuum causae ferrent,

    id. 6, 25, 9.—
    2.
    Usus est, or usus venit, there is need, it is necessary, becomes requisite.
    a.
    Usus est (most freq. ante-class., esp. after the analogy of opus est with the abl.).
    (α).
    Absol.:

    egomet mihi fero, quod usu'st,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 13:

    ubicumque usus siet,

    id. Bacch. 4, 4, 9; and, with ellipsis of subst. verb:

    dico ut usus fieri,

    id. As. 2, 2, 109:

    si quando usus esset,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92: Me. Mihi sic est usus: tibi ut opus facto'st, face. Ch. An cuiquam est usus homini, se ut cruciet? Me. Mihi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 sq.; cf.:

    ut equites Pompeianorum impetum, cum adesset usus, sustinere non possent,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 84, 4.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    viginti jam usu'st filio argenti minis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 55; 4, 9, 47:

    mulier quae se suamque aetatem spernit, speculo ei usus est,

    id. Most. 1, 3, 93:

    curatore usus est,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10:

    ad eam rem usus est tuā mihi operā,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27:

    tacere nequeo misera, quod tacito usus est,

    id. Cist. 1, 2, 10:

    argento invento,

    id. Ps. 1, 1, 48:

    facto,

    id. Am. 1, 3, 7; id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; id. Stich. 1, 1, 56 al.:

    dicto,

    id. Trin. 2, 4, 102:

    navis, quibus usus non est, omnis praecidisse,

    Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

    quibus (navibus) consuli usus non esset,

    Liv. 30, 41, 8:

    nunc viribus usus, Nunc manibus rapidis, omni nunc arte magistrā,

    Verg. A. 8, 441:

    ad eam rem usu'st homine astuto, docto, scito et callido,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 151.—Pleonast.:

    non usus facto'st mihi nunc hunc intro sequi,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 47.—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    nunc ad me ut veniat usu'st Acroteleutium,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 39; cf. Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 supra.—
    (δ).
    With gen.:

    alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,

    Liv. 26, 9, 9.—
    b.
    Usus venit (not in Cic.):

    si quis usus venerit, Meminisse ego hanc rem vos volo,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 28: quom ad praetorem usus veniet, id. Poen. 3, 4, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 129:

    si usus vene rit,

    id. Merc. 3, 1, 20:

    non usus veniet, spero,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42:

    ut, si usus veniat, suum quisque locum teneat,

    if occasion should arise, Caes. B. G. 7, 80.—
    (β).
    With abl.:

    ubi usus veniat contra consertā manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3.—
    C.
    A fit occasion or opportunity to be used.
    1.
    Usus est or adest, an occasion or opportunity offers:

    de ceteris studiis alio loco dicemus, si usus fuerit,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 5.—
    2.
    Esp.: usu venit, it happens, occurs, befalls, chances:

    nam quid homini potest turpius, quid viro miserius aut acerbius usu venire?

    Cic. Quint. 15, 49; id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101:

    si id culpa senectutis accideret, eadem mihi usu venirent,

    id. Sen. 3, 7:

    idem solet in demonstratione usu venire,

    id. Inv. 1, 10, 14; 1, 54, 104:

    quod item in poëmatis, in picturis usu venit,

    id. Off. 3, 3, 15:

    hoc illud eis usu venire solet, ut, etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 11, 35:

    cum praesertim mihi usu venturum non arbitrarer, ut, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 6: et, id quod usu venerat, Eumolpidas demigravit, actually occurred (however strange), Nep. Alcib. 4, 5:

    id quod numquam antea usu venerat,

    id. ib. 6, 3:

    praemeditatus, quid sibi esset usu venturum,

    Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8:

    Caesar biduum in iis locis moratus, quod haec de Vercingetorige usu ventura opinione perceperat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 9:

    usu venire ut abhorreant, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8.—Separated or in a reversed order:

    non venit idem usu mihi quod tu tibi scribis,

    Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1:

    quod cuipiam Thraco venisse usu fabula est,

    Gell. 19, 12, 6:

    quid, quod usu memoria patrum venit, ut, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > usus

  • 39 accēdō or ad-cēdō

        accēdō or ad-cēdō cessī    ( perf sync.accēstis, V.), cessūrus, ere, to go to, come to, come near, draw near, approach, enter: ad flammam inprudentius, T.: ad oppidum, Cs.: ad hastam, to attend an auction, N.: ad numerum harum, joins, O.: in oppidum: illo: quo, S.: quocumque, S.: iuxta, O.: proxime deos accessit Clodius: propius tribunal, Cu.: urbem, V.: Scyllaeam rabiem scopulosque, V.; (poet.): delubris, O.: regno, shares, O.: sacris, takes part in, O.: accede, come here, O.: deici nullo modo potuisse qui non accesserit; (impers.): quod eā proxime accedi poterat.—Esp., to approach in a hostile manner, attack: acie instructā usque ad castra hostium accessit, Cs.: ad urbem, S.: ad manum, to come to close quarters, N. — Fig., to come near, approach: haud invito ad aurīs sermo mi accessit tuos, T.: ubi accedent anni et, etc., when the years shall come, in which, etc., H. — Esp., to come, happen, befall: voluntas vostra si ad poëtam accesserit, T.: dolor accessit bonis viris.— With the idea of increase, to be added: ut ad causam novum crimen accederet: ad eas navīs accesserant sex, Cs.: Medis adcessere Libues, S.: tantum fiduciae Pompeianis accessit, their confidence rose so high, Cs.: huc accedebant conlecti ex praedonibus, these were joined by, Cs.; (poet.): in tua damna, O.—Esp. with a clause or neuter pron., representing a clause, as subject: ad haec mala hoc mihi accedit etiam: haec, etc., T.: accedet etiam nobis illud, iudex est, etc<*> accessit etiam, quod illa pars equitatūs se cum iis coniunxerat. Cs.: e<*> accedebat, quod iudices dati non erant: huc adcedebat, quod exercitum habuerat, etc., S.: huc accedit, quod occultior vestra cupiditas esset; with ut: accedit, ut eo facilius animus evadat: ad Appii senectutem accedebat, ut caecus esset: accedebat, ut tempestatem ferrent facilius, Cs.: ad hoc detrimentum accessit, ut prohiberentur, etc., Cs. —To assent, accede, agree, approve, accept: ad eius condiciones: ad hoc consilium, N.: suadentibus, Ta.—(In appearance or character), to come near, approach, resemble, be like: homines ad Deos nullā re propius accedunt quam salutem hominibus dando: proxime ad nostram disciplinam illam: Antonio Philippus proxime accedebat.—To enter upon, undertake: ad bellorum pericula: ad amicitiam Caesaris, Cs.: ad vectigalia, to undertake the collection of: ad causam, the direction of a lawsuit: ad invidiam levandam: has naturae partīs, take up, describe, V.: ad rem p., to enter on the service of the state: huic ego causae actor accessi, entered upon as prosecutor.

    Latin-English dictionary > accēdō or ad-cēdō

  • 40 acerbitās

        acerbitās ātis, f    [acerbus], bitterness, harshness, sourness: fructūs magnā acerbitate permixtos ferre, i. e. public rewards bringing also bitter trials. — Fig., harshness, bitterness, rigor, severity, hostility, hatred: severitatem in senectute probo, acerbitatem nullo modo: patria, L.: virus acerbitatis, the poison of malice: nomen vestrum odio atque acerbitati futurum, an object of bitter hatred. —Plur., grief, sorrow, pain, anguish, affliction: lacrimas in meis acerbitatibus effudisti: omnīs acerbitates perferre, Cs.
    * * *
    harshness, severity; bitterness, sourness, ill feeling; anguish, hardship

    Latin-English dictionary > acerbitās

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