nobilitas

pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].

Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:

nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:

at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:

at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,

Verg. A. 11, 148:

quod nunquam potis est sejungi,

Lucr. 1, 452:

nec potis est cerni,

id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:

qui potis est?

how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

duae plus satis dare potis sunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:

quid pastores potis sint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:

si non aliud pote est,

Cat. 43, 16. Without est:

nec devitari letum pote,

Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:

nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,

id. R. R. 2, 2:

nec eniti remis pote,

Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:

qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,

Pers. 1, 56:

in te dici pote, Id, quod,

Cat. 98, 1:

nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,

id. 67, 11:

hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,

be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:

quid pote simplicius?

what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:

nihil pote supra,

nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

quantum pote,

as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):

aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—

Comp.: pŏtĭor, us, that may be preferred, preferred; better, preferable (class.).

Of persons:

numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:

quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

at tu, qui potior nunc es,

happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):

ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,

Dig. 18, 1, 34.—

Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:

nulla potior serenda,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15:

sucus,

Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:

novistine locum potiorem rure beato?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:

sententia,

id. Epod. 16, 17:

mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,

Sall. J. 67, 3:

nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,

I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:

ut probetis potiora,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmus, a, um, the chief, principal, most prominent, most important.

Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:

tantis potissimus umbris,

Stat. Th. 4, 627:

potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,

Tac. A. 14, 65.—

Of things (class.):

utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

cura,

Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:

nobilitas,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:

opusculum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:

causa,

Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.

Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:

sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:

nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:

Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:

perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,

rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,

Liv. 8, 7, 17:

per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,

id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:

se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,

Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:

dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,

Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:

quam potius,

Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:

tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:

tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,

Cic. Lig. 2, 5:

favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,

Dig. 50, 17, 167.—

Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:

efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:

Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:

responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:

exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:

nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43:

quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?

Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3.

pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].

Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:

nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:

at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:

at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,

Verg. A. 11, 148:

quod nunquam potis est sejungi,

Lucr. 1, 452:

nec potis est cerni,

id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:

qui potis est?

how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

duae plus satis dare potis sunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:

quid pastores potis sint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:

si non aliud pote est,

Cat. 43, 16. Without est:

nec devitari letum pote,

Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:

nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,

id. R. R. 2, 2:

nec eniti remis pote,

Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:

qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,

Pers. 1, 56:

in te dici pote, Id, quod,

Cat. 98, 1:

nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,

id. 67, 11:

hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,

be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:

quid pote simplicius?

what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:

nihil pote supra,

nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

quantum pote,

as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):

aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—

Comp.: pŏtĭor, us, that may be preferred, preferred; better, preferable (class.).

Of persons:

numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:

quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

at tu, qui potior nunc es,

happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):

ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,

Dig. 18, 1, 34.—

Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:

nulla potior serenda,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15:

sucus,

Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:

novistine locum potiorem rure beato?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:

sententia,

id. Epod. 16, 17:

mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,

Sall. J. 67, 3:

nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,

I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:

ut probetis potiora,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmus, a, um, the chief, principal, most prominent, most important.

Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:

tantis potissimus umbris,

Stat. Th. 4, 627:

potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,

Tac. A. 14, 65.—

Of things (class.):

utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

cura,

Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:

nobilitas,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:

opusculum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:

causa,

Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.

Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:

sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:

nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:

Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:

perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,

rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,

Liv. 8, 7, 17:

per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,

id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:

se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,

Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:

dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,

Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:

quam potius,

Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:

tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:

tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,

Cic. Lig. 2, 5:

favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,

Dig. 50, 17, 167.—

Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:

efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:

Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:

responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:

exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:

nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43:

quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?

Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3.

pŏtis (in the positive rarely declined, and in the neutr. pŏte), adj. ( comp. pŏ-tĭor, ius; sup. pŏtissĭmus, a, um; class. only in the comp.) [Sanscr. patis, lord; Gr. posis, husband; des-potês, lord; Lat. compotis (compos) potiri].

Posit., able, capable; possible (mostly ante-class. and poet.): divi qui potes pro illo quod Samothraces theoi dunatoi, Varr L. L. 5, § 58 Müll.; Macr. S. 3, 4:

nisi qui colaphos perpeti Potis parasitus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21.—Usually in the connection potis or pote est, he, she, or it is able, may, or can:

at ea supterfugere potis es pauca,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 17: neque sanguis ullo potis est pacto profluens consistere, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: istam non potis est vis saeva exstinguere venti, Poët. ap. Gell. 19, 9, 12:

at non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere,

Verg. A. 11, 148:

quod nunquam potis est sejungi,

Lucr. 1, 452:

nec potis est cerni,

id. 5, 719; Cat. 76, 24:

qui potis est?

how is it possible? id. 72, 7.—With plur.: si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

duae plus satis dare potis sunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 17:

quid pastores potis sint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2.—Without est: quis potis ingentes oras evolvere belli? Enn. ap. Diom. p. 381 P. (Ann. v. 178 Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 671; Hor. C. 3, 17, 13.—Form pote:

si non aliud pote est,

Cat. 43, 16. Without est:

nec devitari letum pote,

Lucr. 3, 1079: viget, veget, utpote plurimum, Varr. ap Non. 2, 876:

nec non emptor pote ex empto vendito illum damnare,

id. R. R. 2, 2:

nec eniti remis pote,

Val. Fl. 4, 680; Prop. 2, 1, 46:

qui pote? vis dicam? nugaris,

Pers. 1, 56:

in te dici pote, Id, quod,

Cat. 98, 1:

nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam,

id. 67, 11:

hoc facito, sive id non pote sive pote,

be it impossible or possible, id. 76, 16:

quid pote simplicius?

what can be more simple? Mart. 9, 16, 2:

nihil pote supra,

nothing could exceed it, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11; Auct. ap. Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

quantum pote,

as soon as possible, id. ib. 4, 13, 1: quam pote, as much as possible (post-class.):

aufugiamus istinc quam pote longissime,

App. M. 1, p. 107, 9; 2, p. 119, 33.—

Comp.: pŏtĭor, us, that may be preferred, preferred; better, preferable (class.).

Of persons:

numquam edepol erit ille potior Harpax, quam ego,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 17; 1, 3, 95:

quem aequiust potiorem habere quam te?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 40: qui plus pollet potiorque est patre, old poet ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69; id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

itaque cives potiores quam peregrini,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Sosim et Moericum quibus tantam crederem rem, potiores habui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

at tu, qui potior nunc es,

happier in love, preferred, Tib. 1, 6, 33 (5, 69):

ut in judicio possessionis potior esset,

Dig. 18, 1, 34.—

Of things, better, stronger, preferable, more useful or important:

nulla potior serenda,

Varr. R. R. 1, 15:

sucus,

Plin. 36, 22, 43, § 158:

novistine locum potiorem rure beato?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 14:

sententia,

id. Epod. 16, 17:

mors civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior,

Cic. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

illi turpis vita integrā famā potior fuit,

Sall. J. 67, 3:

nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut Massinissam convenirem,

I had nothing more important, nothing more urgent to do, Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:

illa semper potiora duxisti, quae, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

semper se rei publicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habuisse potiora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Subst.:

ut probetis potiora,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10: hem, mater mea, tibi rem potiorem video (sc. verbis), I see a fact stronger than words, i. e. a clearer proof, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 12.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmus, a, um, the chief, principal, most prominent, most important.

Of persons ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

item huic ultro fit, ut Meret, potissimus nostrae domi ut sit,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9:

tantis potissimus umbris,

Stat. Th. 4, 627:

potissimos libertorum veneno interficere,

Tac. A. 14, 65.—

Of things (class.):

utrum potius, aut quid potissimum sit, quaeritur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

cura,

Stat. S. 4, 4, 20:

nobilitas,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 25:

opusculum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 10:

causa,

Tac. A. 4, 16.—Hence, adv., only in the comp. and sup.

Comp.: pŏtĭus, rather, preferably, more (class.; cf.: satius, prius): quo nos vocabis nomine? Ar. Libortos. Le. Non patronos? Ar. Id potius, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 62:

sed scin', quid volo potius, sodes, facias?

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 27; id. And. 5, 3, 2:

nec vero imperia expetenda: ac potius non accipienda interdum,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68.— With quam, Plaut. Aul. 4, 2, 11:

Galliam potius esse Ariovisti quam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 45.—When the predicates are compared, the verb in the following clause is always in the subj.:

perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios indicaret,

rather than, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

in oratione non vis potius quam delectatio postulatur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317:

privabo potius illum debito testimonio quam id cum meā laude communicem,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

scribam aliquid potius, quam committam ut litterae non reddantur,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

nos potius nostro delicto plectemur, quam res publica nostra peccata luat,

Liv. 8, 7, 17:

per interregem comitia habenda potius, quam consulum alter a bello avocaretur,

id. 22, 23, 10; 9, 14, 16.— So with quam ut:

se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur,

Liv. 4, 2, 8: audeo dicere hoc malo domitos ipsos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam ut armati, etc., id. 2, 34, 11; 6, 28, 8; 9, 14, 7.—But after verbs of willing, wishing (sometimes of declaring), the inf. is used:

dictatore obstinato tollere potius totum e re publicā consulatum, quam promiscuum facere,

Liv. 7, 21, 1; 23, 9, 8; 21, 13, 8: v. Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 15, 2; Fest. s. v. olivitam, p. 202 Müll.; v. Muuml;ll. ad. loc. p. 203, a. —In an inverted order:

quam potius,

Verg. Copa, 5: quid mihi negotii est eum istis nugacibus, quam potius potamus mulsum? C. Titius ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—Sometimes potius is to be supplied:

tacita, bona est mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70; id. Men. 5, 1, 26:

tamen statuit congredi, quam cum tantis copiis refugere,

Nep. Dat. 8, 1.—Pleon., with words which already express comparison.— Comp., Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

Uticae potius quam Romae esse malle,

Cic. Lig. 2, 5:

favorabiliores rei potius, quam actores habentur,

Dig. 50, 17, 167.—

Esp., introducing a repetition of a thought in a corrected or strengthened form: aut potius, vel potius, or rather, or I may better say, etc.:

efficiet enim ratio ut... mors aut malum non sit, aut sit bonum potius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

quam fuit imbecillus P. Africani filius, quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

erravit aut potius insanivit Apronius?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 113:

Cato magnus hercule homo, vel potius summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293; Dig. 1, 5, 16.—

Sup.: pŏtissĭmē ( pŏtissŭ-), and more freq. pŏtissĭmum ( pŏtissŭ-), chiefly, principally, especially, in preference to all others, above all, most of all (class.).—Form potissime, Cels. 3, 6.—Form potissimum:

responde, quo leto censes me ut peream potissimum?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 15; Ter. And. 2, 6, 23:

exsistat aliquis et potissimum Caecus ille,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. Mur. 2, 4:

nos id potissimum consecuti sumus,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

tanta erat contentio, qui potissimum ex magno numero conscenderent, ut,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43:

quid agam? aut quo potissimum infelix accedam?

Sall. J. 14, 15; Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2; Lact. 2, 18, 3.

rē̆trō, adv. [from re and the pronominal suffix ter, as in citro, ultro, intro, etc.].

Lit., of place, backwards, back; on the back side, behind.

Denoting tendency, direction, with verbs or nouns of motion:

multa videbis retro repulsa revorti,

Lucr. 2, 130; so very often with redire, regredi, repetere, remittere, respicere, reverti, revocare, etc., v. h. vv., and cf. Drak. ad Liv. 22, 6, 7, and 27, 28, 6:

vestigia retro sequor,

Verg. A. 2, 753; 9, 392; 11, 405:

dare lintea retro,

id. ib. 3, 686:

ora retro Flectit,

Ov. M. 15, 685:

retro inhibitā nave,

Liv. 30, 10 et saep.: iter mihi retro ad Alpes versus incidit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2; cf.:

fugam retro spectante milite,

Liv. 8, 19:

fugit retro,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 5:

ne currente retro funis eat rotā,

id. ib. 3, 10, 10:

meretrix retro Perjura cedit,

id. ib. 1, 35, 25:

retro properare,

Ov. H. 5, 31:

unde ad hunc orbem redii, unde retro nemo,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 48.—

Denoting rest (rare):

est mihi in ultimis conclave aedibus quoddam retro,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

quid retro atque a tergo fieret, ne laboraret,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:

perculsis nullum retro subsidium foret,

Tac. H. 2, 26:

retro Marsigni, etc.,

id. G. 43:

MEMORIAM SE VIVA FECIT SIBI... CVM AEDICVLIS ANTE ET A RETRO,

Inscr. Orell. 4512.—

Trop.

Of time, back; in time back, in past times, before, formerly:

et deinceps retro usque ad Romulum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58; cf.:

SVPER OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES FORTISSIMO IMP. CAES., etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 1049;

and so, OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES,

ib. 1098:

quodcumque retro est,

is past, Hor. C. 3, 29, 46:

praemissa retro nobilitas,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 68; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 118 (120):

cujus vim si retro quoque velimus custodire (opp. in futurum),

id. ib. 10, 115 (116) fin.:

meliorum retro principum ( = superiorum),

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 34:

cum id ab aliis retro factum recordarer,

Tert. Uxor. 2, 2:

Hebraei retro, qui nunc Judaei,

id. Apol. 18.—

In other relations, back, behind, in return, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa:

ab imā (voce) ad summam ac retro multi sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

ut omnia, quae sine eā (honestate) sint, longe retro ponenda censeat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 31, 87:

rursum versus retroque,

id. Part. 7, 24; cf.:

vide rursus retro,

id. Fin. 5, 28, 83: sic omnia fatis In pejus ruere, ac retro sublapsa referri, i. e. against one ' s efforts or wish, Verg. G. 1, [p. 1588] 200; cf.:

retro vivere,

Sen. Ep. 122 fin.:

si malum perfidia, non est fallendum. Idem retro,

Quint. 5, 10, 74:

fructus hominis in operis consistit et retro in fructu hominis operae sunt,

Dig. 7, 7, 4; cf. ib. 46, 1, 21; 46, 3, 67 et saep.

; they are sometimes written separately.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sīc-ut and (far less. freq. but class.) sīc-ŭti, adv., so as, just as, as.

Lit.

With a separate clause.

Form sicut:

sicut dixi, faciam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 59:

clanculum, sicut praecepi,

id. ib. 3, 3, 76:

nempe sicut dicis (shortly after: ita ut dicis),

id. Aul. 2, 4, 15; so,

sicut dicis,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 67; id. Men. prol. 74:

hae sunt, sicut praedico,

id. Most. 3, 2, 84; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

stultitia magna est, Hominem amatorem ad forum procedere, etc.... sicut ego feci stultus,

id. Cas. 3, 3, 4:

si ille huc redibit, sicut confido affore,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 38:

sic ut tu huic potes,

id. ib. 5, 1, 16:

primum Montem Sacrum, sicut erat in simili causā antea factum, deinde Aventinum (occupasse),

Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; 6, 18, 19:

sicut ait Ennius,

id. ib. 1, 41, 64; cf.:

sicut sapiens poëta dixit,

id. Par. 5, 1, 34:

ut se quoque, sicut socios, dignos existimetis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13:

valeant preces apud te meae, sicut pro te hodie valuerunt,

Liv. 23, 8:

consules turpissimi, sicut hi recentes rerum exitus declararunt,

Cic. Planc. 35, 86:

sicut summarum summa est aeterna,

Lucr. 5, 361:

sicut Cicero dicit,

Quint. 9, 3, 83:

sicut ostendimus,

id. 11, 3, 174 al. —

Form sicuti:

sicuti dixi prius,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 67:

habuit ille, sicuti meminisse vos arbitror, permulta signa,

Cic. Cael. 5, 12:

sicuti me quoque erroris mei paenitet,

id. ib. 6, 14:

urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

Sall. C. 6, 1:

sicuti dignum erat,

Quint. 11, 3, 148.—

Corresp. to ita, itidem, sic.

Form sicut:

sicut tuom vis gnatum tuae Superesse vitae, Ita te obtestor, etc.,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 1: sicut verbis nuncupavi, ita pro republicā Quiritium... legiones mecum Dis Manibus devoveo, an old formula in Liv. 8, 9:

sicut coronatus laureā coronā oraculum adisset, ita, etc.,

id. 23, 11; 21, 13; Quint. 1, 2, 26; 9, 1, 8; 9, 3, 100;

10, 1, 1: sicut medico diligenti natura corporis cognoscenda est, sic equidem, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

sicut magno accidit casu, ut, etc.... sic magnae fuit fortunae, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

sicuti merci pretium statuit... Itidem divos dispertisse vitam humanam aequom fuit,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 131.—

Form sicuti:

sicuti... ita,

Caes. B. C. 3, 15; cf. infra, B. b.—

Without a separate verb (so most freq.).

Form sicut:

sicut fortunatorum memorant insulas (is est ager),

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 148:

sicut familiae,

id. Men. prol. 74; id. Cas. 2, 6, 46: te esse sapientem, nec sicut vulgus, sed ut eruditi solent appellare sapientem, Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

Graeciae, sicut apud nos, delubra magnifica,

id. Rep. 3, 9, 14:

non debent esse amicitiarum sicut aliarum rerum satietates,

id. Lael. 19, 67:

ut tuo judicio uteretur, sicut in rebus omnibus,

id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

provinciam suam hanc esse Galliam, sicut illam nostram,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44; 6, 19:

nihil me, sicut antea, juvat Scribere versiculos,

Hor. Epod. 11, 1 et saep.:

hunc, sicut omni vitā, tum petentem premebat nobilitas,

Liv. 39, 41; 34, 9, 10:

nec sicut vulnere sanguis,

Luc. 3, 638 Drak. N. cr. —

Form sicuti:

me amicissime cottidie magis Caesar amplectitur: familiares quidem ejus, sicuti neminem,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13: sicuti te, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 174, 33.—

Corresp. to ita, item, sic, etc. (cf. supra, A. b.):

praecipuum lumen sicut eloquentiae, ita praeceptis quoque ejus, dedit M. Tullius,

Quint. 3, 1, 20; so id. 8, prooem. § 29; 9, 1, 18;

10, 1, 14: sicut in foro non bonos oratores, item in theatro actores malos perpeti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 118:

illi, sicut Campani Capuam, sic Rhegium habituri perpetuam sedem erant,

Liv. 28, 28:

sicut in vitā, in causis quoque,

Quint. 12, 1, 13; cf. Liv. 9, 17 Drak. N. cr. —

In partic.

With an accessory idea of cause, inasmuch as, since (perh. only in the two foll. passages):

nunc occasio'st faciundi, prius quam in urbem advenerit, sicut cras hic aderit, hodie non venerit,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 87:

quo lubet, sicut soror Ejus huc gemina advenit Ephesum,

id. Mil. 4, 1, 28 Brix ad loc.; cf. id. Pers. 1, 3, 57.—

Pregn.: sicut est, erat, etc., in confirmation of a former proposition, as indeed it is ( was), as it really is ( was), as is ( was) the fact (class.;

a favorite expression with Cic.): sint nobis isti, qui de ratione vivendi disserunt, magni homines, ut sunt,

Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

huc accedit, quod, quamvis ille felix sit, sicut est, tamen, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22:

sit ista res magna, sicut est,

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; Liv. 7, 35:

sit licet, sicut est, ab omni ambitione longe remotus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 2:

illa, quamvis ridicula essent, sicut erant, mihi tamen risum non moverunt,

Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 3:

secundam eam Paulus, sicut erat, victoriam ratus,

Liv. 45, 7:

poteratque viri vox illa videri, sicuti erat,

Ov. M. 12, 205:

quamvis scelerati illi fuissent, sicuti fuerunt, pestiferi cives tamen, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230.—Less freq. with other verbs:

quamvis enim multis locis dicat Epicurus, sicut dicit, satis fortiter de dolore, tamen, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117 Beier:

quamquam in consuetudine cottidianā perspexisses, sicuti perspicies,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 2:

quod fore, sicut accidit, videbat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 58:

terrendi magis hostes erant quam fallendi, sicut territi sunt,

Liv. 25, 24.— Strengthened by re verā:

apud nos, re verā sicut sunt, mercenarii scribae existimantur,

Nep. Eum. 1, 5.—

For introducing a term of comparison, as it were, like, as, as if, = tamquam (class.):

ut sese splendore animi et vitae suae sicut speculum praebeat civibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 42, 69:

qui, sicut unus paterfamilias, loquor,

id. Inv. 2, 5, 19:

quod me sicut alterum parentem et observat et diligit,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

(natura) rationem in capite sicut in arce posuit,

id. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; id. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

ex his duabus diversis sicuti familiis unum quoddam est conflatum genus,

id. Inv. 2, 3, 8:

ab ejus (cornus) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26 fin.:

multi mortales vitam sicut peregrinantes transegere,

Sall. C. 2, 8; 31, 5; 38, 3; id. J. 60, 4; Liv. 7, 11.—

For introducing an example, as, as for instance, etc. (class.):

quibus in causis omnibus, sicut in ipsā M.' Curii... fuit summa de jure dissensio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 238; Nep. Dat. 9:

omnibus periculis, sicut cum Spartam oppugnavit,

id. Pel. 4: sicuti cum, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 154, 27: sicuti si, Enn. ap. Gell. 3, 14, 5 (Ann. v. 344 Vahl.); Quint. 9, 3, 89; so id. 9, 3, 16; 9, 3, 91; 7, 2, 17; 8, 3, 51; Suet. Aug. 56; 85 al.—

Sicut eram, erat, etc., like the Gr. hôs eichon, to denote an unchanged condition of the subject in a new state of action, just as I ( he, etc.) was ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

sicut eram, fugio sine vestibus,

Ov. M. 5, 601; 6, 657:

sicut erat, rectos defert in Tartara currus,

Stat. Th. 7, 820; so, sicut erat, id. ib. 3, 680; 4, 803; 10, 37; Luc. 2, 365:

ille, sicut nudatus erat, pervenit ad Graecos,

Curt. 9, 7, 10; 10, 4, 2:

sicut erat togatus,

Suet. Claud. 34; Just. 14, 4, 1; 26, 2, 4 al.:

sicut erant,

Ov. M. 3, 178; Suet. Calig. 45; id. Oth. 8:

sicut erit,

Tib. 3, 1, 18.—Less freq. with another verb:

sicut curru eminebat, oculos circumferens,

Curt. 4, 14, 9:

praecipitatum in flumen, sicut vestitus advenerat,

Suet. Claud. 9.—Form sicuti:

sicuti erat, cruentā veste, in castra pervenit,

Curt. 8, 3, 10 —

A few times in Sallust with an accessory hypothetical signif., as if, just as if, = quasi:

alii sicuti populi jura defenderent, pars, etc.,

Sall. C. 38, 3:

sicuti jurgio lacessitus foret, in Senatum venit,

id. ib. 31, 5:

sicuti audiri a suis aut cerni possent, etc.,

id. J. 60, 4:

sicuti salutatum introire ad Ciceronem,

id. C. 28, 1.—

Of time, as soon as, after (very rare):

sicut adulescit, terram inde colligimus,

Pall. Apr. 2, 3.

sincērus, a, um, adj. [sin- = sim-, v. simplex; root in Sanscr. sama, whole, together; and root skir-, Sanscr. kir-, pour out], clean, pure, sound, not spoiled, uninjured, whole, entire, real, natural, genuine, sincere (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense; cf.: simplex, verus, incorruptus).

Lit.:

omnia fucata et simulata a sinceris atque veris (internoscere),

Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

aliquem ab omni incommodo, detrimento, molestiā sincerum integrumque conservare,

unharmed, unhurt, id. Fam. 13, 50, 2:

corpus (with sine vulnere),

Ov. M. 12, 100; cf.

pars,

id. ib. 1, 191:

membra,

Lucr. 3, 717:

porci sacres,

sound, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; cf. in comp.: cum jam me sinceriore corpusculo factum diceret (medicus), Gell. 18, 10, 4: sincerum tergum... corium sincerissimum, clear (of weals), Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 51 sq.; cf.

so, corium,

id. Most. 4, 1, 13:

vas,

clean, Hor. S. 1, 3, 56; id. Ep. 1, 2, 54:

ex amphorā primum quod est sincerissimum effluit,

Sen. Ep. 108, 26:

lac,

Col. 7, 8, 1; so,

Amineum,

id. 12, 47, 6:

crocus,

Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 32:

axungia,

id. 28, 9, 37, § 135:

gemma (opp. sordium plena),

id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

propria et sincera et tantum sui similis gens,

unmixed, pure, Tac. G. 4; so,

populus,

id. H. 4, 64 fin.; Suet. Aug. 40:

nobilitas,

Liv. 4, 4, 7:

nitor,

Sen. Ep. 66, 46.— Comp.: lux sincerior, App. de Mundo, p. 58, 29.—

Sincerum, adverb.:

non sincerum sonĕre,

that it does not ring clearly, is not genuine, Lucr. 3, 873.—

Trop.:

Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium,

sound, uncorrupted, Cic. Or. 8, 25:

nihil erat in ejus (Cottae) oratione nisi sincerum,

id. Brut. 55, 202; cf.:

esse videtur Homeri (versus) simplicior et sincerior,

Gell. 13, 26, 3; so,

sincera gratia sermonis Attici,

Quint. 10, 1, 65:

sincera et integra natura,

Tac. Or. 28 fin.:

animus,

Sen. Cons. Helv. 11, 6:

vir,

id. Ep. 73, 4:

opiniones,

id. ib. 94, 68:

Minerva,

pure, chaste, Ov. M. 8, 664:

sincerum equestre proelium,

unmixed, pure, Liv. 30, 11:

non sincerum gaudium praebere,

not unmixed, not undisturbed, id. 34, 41; so,

gaudium,

id. 44, 44:

gaudium sincerius,

Just. 10, 1, 3:

voluptas,

Ov. M. 7, 453:

fama,

unblemished, Gell. 6, 8, 5:

Thucydides rerum gestarum pronunciator sincerus,

honest, candid, upright, Cic. Brut. 83, 287; cf.:

Fabii Annales, bonae atque sincerae vetustatis libri,

Gell. 5, 4, 1.— Sup.:

Q. Claudius optimus et sincerissimus scriptor,

Gell. 15, 1, 4:

verus atque sincerus Stoicus,

id. 1, 2, 7 et saep.:

mirabilia multa, nihil simplex, nihil sincerum,

natural, genuine, Cic. Att. 10, 6, 2:

nihil est jam sanctum neque sincerum in civitate,

id. Quint. 1, 5:

aliquid non sinceri,

id. Div. 2, 57, 118:

fides,

Liv. 39, 2, 1:

concordia,

Tac. A. 3, 64:

caritas,

id. ib. 2, 42.—Hence, advv.

sincērē, uprightly, honestly, well, frankly, sincerely: sincere dicere, * Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 97:

satin' ego oculis utilitatem obtineo sincere, an parum,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 28:

sincere et ex animo dicere,

Cat. 109, 4: pronunciare, * Caes. B. G. 7, 20: agere, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 9:

administrare provincias,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8.— Comp., Gell. 6 (7), 3, 55.— Sup., Aug. Ep. ad Volus. 3 fin. —

sincērĭter, sincerely:

aliquid cupere,

Gell. 13, 16, 1; Cod. Just. 8, 28, 10.

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

soluisse,

Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.

To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.

In a corporeal sense.

Outwardly, to release.

From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

solvite istas,

i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

solvite istum,

id. Mil. 5, 32:

numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

jube solvi (eum),

Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

ut vincti solvantur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

ita nexi soluti (sunt),

Liv. 8, 28, 9:

solvite me, pueri,

Verg. E. 6, 24:

fore ut brevi solveretur,

Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

canis solutus catena,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

Stat. Th. 5, 15:

terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—

From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

solverat sol equos,

unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

id. H. 11, 4:

praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

soluta toga,

Quint. 11, 3, 147:

vela solvere,

Verg. A. 4, 574.—

From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

Prop. 2, 1, 69:

fraxinus solvitur,

from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

ceciditque soluta pinus,

id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

pinus radice soluta, deficit,

id. S. 5, 1, 152:

solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

querno solvunt de stipite funem,

id. F. 4, 333:

fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

imber caelesti nube solutus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

cum solis radii absumant,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

solutum a latere pugionem,

detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—

Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.

With acc. alone:

eisce confectis navem solvimus,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

navim cupimus solvere,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

naves solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

Liv. 45, 6:

postero die solvere naves (jussi),

id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

classem solvere,

Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—

With ab and abl.:

navis a terra solverunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

Liv. 31, 7 med.:

solvunt a litore puppes,

Luc. 2, 649.—

With ex and abl.:

nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—

With abl.:

complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

portu solventibus,

id. Mur. 2, 4.—

Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

tertia fere vigilia solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

nos eo die cenati solvimus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

Liv. 31, 14 init.:

qui inde solverant,

Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

solvi mare languido,

Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—

With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Poet. usages:

de litore puppis solvit iter,

clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—

Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

Lucr. 6, 706:

cruor solvitur,

Stat. Th. 9, 530:

lacrimas solvere,

id. Achill. 2, 256:

solutis lacrimis,

Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

partus solvere,

to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—

To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.

In gen.:

omne colligatum solvi potest,

Cic. Fin. 11.—

Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

Curt. 8, 10, 3:

solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

dubitavit an solveret pontem,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere pontem,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

si pons solutus sit,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

solutus pons tempestatibus,

Just. 2, 13, 9:

currum (solis) solutum,

Manil. 1, 740.—

Of woven stuff:

solvens texta,

Prop. 2, 9, 6.—

Of mountains:

utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

id. Agam. 553.—

Of the neck:

soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—

Of a comet:

momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—

Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

solve capillos,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

crinem,

id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

comas casside,

Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—

Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

Stat. Th. 7, 745. —

To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.

Of a change into air or gas:

calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

Stat. Th. 5, 285;

nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

Ov. M. 15, 845.—

Into a liquid, to melt:

saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

nivem solvere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

rigor auri solvitur aestu,

Lucr. 1, 493:

ferrum calidi solvant camini,

Manil. 4, 250:

cerae igne solutae,

Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

(herba) quinto die solvitur,

id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—

Of putrefaction:

(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

Verg. G. 4, 302.—

Of change in general:

inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

Ov. F. 1, 108:

repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—

Of expansion by heat:

(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—

Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

gravitas aeris solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—

Solvi in, to pass into, become:

in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—

To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

solvere orbes,

Manil. 1, 497:

ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

Lucr. 3, 287:

(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

Liv. 39, 40, 11:

si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

tabes solvit corpora,

Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

id. 3, 506:

ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

hanc mihi solvite vitam,

Prop. 2, 9, 39.—

Trop.

To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.

From the body, etc.:

teque isto corpore solvo,

Verg. A. 4, 703:

soluta corpore anima,

Quint. 5, 14, 13:

qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

vocem solvere,

to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

suspiria solvit,

Stat. Th. 11, 604:

solvat turba jocos,

Sen. Med. 114:

solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—

Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

id. Const. 11, 3:

(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

From obligations and debts:

solvit me debito,

Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

an nos debito solverit,

id. Ep. 81, 3:

ut religione civitas solvatur,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

sacramento solvi,

Tac. A. 16, 13:

cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

Dig. 49, 16, 13:

militia solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

ut manere solveretur,

that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—

From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

id. ib. 4, 9:

sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

Ov. F. 6, 452:

ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

id. ib. 2, 40:

Helenen ego crimine solvo,

id. A. A. 2, 371:

quid crimine solvis Germanum?

Stat. Th. 11, 379:

solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —

From feelings, etc.:

quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

senatus cura belli solutus,

Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

pectus linquunt cura solutum,

Lucr. 2, 45:

his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

soluti metu,

Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

solvent formidine terras,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

solve metu patriam,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

metu belli Scythas solvit,

Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

soluti a cupiditatibus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

longo luctu,

Verg. A. 2, 26:

tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

Sen. Hippol. 450:

solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

rabie tigrim,

Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

solvite animos,

Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

vix haec in munera solvo animum,

i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—

From sleep, very rare:

ego somno solutus sum,

awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—

From labor, business, etc.:

volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—

From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

frontem solvere disce,

Mart. 14, 183:

saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

Stat. Th. 11, 373:

solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

vultum risu solvit,

relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

solvere judicem,

unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

solventur risu tabulae,

i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

Quint. 5, 10, 67.—

From any cause of restraint.

To release from siege:

Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

Liv. 44, 30:

patriam obsidione solvere,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —

From moral restraints:

hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—

From laws and rules: legibus solvere.

To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

solvatne legibus Scipionem,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

Liv. 31, 50, 8:

Scipio legibus solutus est,

id. Epit. 56:

Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

nec leti lege solutas,

Lucr. 3, 687:

nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—

Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

solutus Legibus insanis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—

To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.

Of troops, ranks, etc.:

ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

Liv. 42, 65, 8:

incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

agmina Diductis solvere choris,

Verg. A. 5, 581:

solvit maniplos,

Juv. 8, 154:

solvuntur laudata cohors,

Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

commissas acies ego possum solvere,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—

Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

convivio soluto,

Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

convivium solvit,

Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

Quid cessas convivia solvere?

Ov. F. 6, 675:

coetuque soluto Discedunt,

id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—

Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

Quint. 1, 9, 2:

quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

id. 9, 4, 14:

ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

id. 1, 8, 13:

non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—

Implying a change for the worse.

To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

solutus luxu,

id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

soluti in luxum,

Tac. H. 2, 99:

in lasciviam,

id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

Quint. 9, 4, 49.—

To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

Lucr. 6, 798:

ima Solvuntur latera,

Verg. G. 3, 523:

solvi debilitate corporis,

paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

mentes solvere,

to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—

By frost ( poet.):

solvuntur illi frigore membra,

Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—

By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

Ov. M. 7, 186:

corpora somnus Solverat,

id. ib. 10, 369:

molli languore solutus,

id. ib. 11, 648;

11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

id. ib. 8, 817:

somno vinoque solutos,

id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

ut membra solvit sopor,

id. ib. 12, 867:

non solvit pectora somnus,

Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

solvitur in somnos,

Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—

By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

corporibus quae senectus solvit,

Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

alius inter cenandum solutus est,

id. Ep. 66, 43:

ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

Sen. Troad. 605:

solvi inedia,

Petr. 111:

sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,

Of logical dissolution, to refute:

non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

argumentum solvere,

Quint. 2, 17, 34:

solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

Sen. Const. 12, 3.—

To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.

To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.

In a corporeal sense.

In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

Quint. 2, 12, 1:

qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

supera compage soluta,

Stat. Th. 8, 31.—

To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

nullo solvente catenas,

Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

solvere frenum,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

loris solutis,

Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

gelu solvitur,

it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

solvitur acris hiems,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

Stat. Th. 5, 217:

digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

id. ib. 8, 585.—

To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

solve vidulum ergo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

eam solve cistulam,

id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

solve zonam,

untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

Stat. Th. 5, 62:

animai nodos a corpore solvit,

Lucr. 2, 950:

nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

solvere nodum,

Stat. Th. 11, 646:

laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

Ov. M. 9, 58:

fasciam solve,

Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

solutis fasciis,

Curt. 7, 6, 5:

solvi fasciculum,

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

crinales vittas,

Verg. A. 7, 403:

Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

Curt. 7, 2, 25:

equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

redimicula solvite collo,

Ov. F. 4, 135:

corollas de fronte,

Prop. 1, 3, 21:

solvere portas,

Stat. Th. 3, 492:

munimina valli,

id. ib. 12, 10:

ille pharetram Solvit,

Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

solutis ac patefactis venis,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

venam cultello solvere,

Col. 6, 14; cf.

also: lychnis alvum solvit,

looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

ventrem,

Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—

Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.

Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).

Of the mouth, etc., to open:

talibus ora solvit verbis,

Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

os promptius ac solutius,

Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—

To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

morte solvetur compromissum,

Dig. 4, 8, 27:

soluto matrimonio,

ib. 24, 3, 2:

solutum conjugium,

Juv. 9, 79:

qui... conjugalia solvit,

Sen. Med. 144:

nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

Ov. M. 11, 743:

(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—

To efface guilt or wrong:

magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

Ov. F. 5, 304:

solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

id. ib. 2, 44:

culpa soluta mea est,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—

Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

capite poenas solvit,

Sall. J. 69, 4:

meritas poenas solventem,

Curt. 6, 3, 14:

poenarum solvendi tempus,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

nunc solvo poenas,

Sen. Phoen. 172:

hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

id. Hippol. 1177.—

To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

Lucr. 4, 908:

curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

patrimonii cura solvatur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

solvite corde metum,

Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

solve metus animo,

Stat. Th. 2, 356:

solvi pericula et metus narrant,

Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

id. A. A. 2, 460:

solvitque pudorem,

Verg. A. 4, 55.—

Of sleep:

quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

lassitudinem solvere,

Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —

Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.

To raise a siege:

solutam cernebat obsidionem,

Liv. 36, 10, 14:

soluta obsidione,

id. 36, 31, 7:

ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—

Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

Liv. 36, 7, 13.—

To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5:

imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

Sen. Oedip. 525:

sonipedes imperia solvunt,

id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 58.—

Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

Curt. 10, 2, 5:

solutae a se legis monitus,

Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

Liv. 8, 4, 7:

(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

id. 1, 49, 7:

oportebat istum morem solvi,

Curt. 8, 8, 18.—

Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).

To subvert discipline:

disciplinam militarem solvisti,

Liv. 8, 7, 16:

luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

id. 40, 1, 4:

quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—

Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

Sall. J. 41, 6:

patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

vires solvere,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

Quint. 11, 3, 133.—

Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

hoc firmos solvit amores,

Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

Tib. 1, 2, 60.—

Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

vitex dicitur febres solvere,

Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

solvit jejunia granis,

Ov. F. 4, 607:

quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

famem,

Sen. Thyest. 64.—

To delay:

hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

Sen. Troad. 1131.—

Of darkness, to dispel:

lux solverat umbras,

Stat. Th. 10, 390.—

Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

Sen. Phoen. 406:

electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

jurgia solvere,

Manil. 3, 115:

contradictiones solvere,

Quint. 7, 1, 38.—

Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

aenigmata,

Quint. 8, 6, 53:

omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

Suet. Gram. 11:

haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

id. Ep. 48, 6:

carmina non intellecta Solverat,

Ov. M. 7, 760:

triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

Sen. Oedip. 102:

nodos juris,

Juv. 8, 50:

proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

Quint. 5, 10, 96:

plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

id. 1, 10, 49:

quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

id. 3, 7, 3:

ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—

In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.

Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

Liv. 6, 14, 5:

quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

pro vectura rem solvit?

paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

tibi res soluta est recte,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

si tergo res solvonda'st,

by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

id. Curc. 3, 9:

tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,

Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

id. ib. 20, 46:

misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

ut creditori solvat,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—

With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

id. Fl. 23, 54:

ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

aes alienum solvere,

Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

debitum solvere,

id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

ne pecunias creditas solverent,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

Liv. 6, 15, 5:

ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

cum patriae quod debes solveris,

Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —

By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

emi: pecuniam solvi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

pro frumento nihil solvit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

Liv. 44, 16:

hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

nisi pecuniam solvisset,

id. Cim. 1, 1:

condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

Liv. 30, 37 med.:

pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

id. 36, 3, 1:

pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

id. 32, 26, 14:

pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

id. 40, 39 fin.:

meritam mercedem,

id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

stipendium,

Liv. 28, 32, 1:

dotem mulieri,

Dig. 24, 3, 2:

litem aestimatam,

the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

arbitria funeris,

the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

solvere dodrantem,

to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

dona puer solvit,

paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

munera,

id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

si (actor) solutus fuisset,

Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —

Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

aliquid praesens solvere,

to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

Vell. 2, 25:

quas solvere grates sufficiam?

Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

homines dicere, se a me solvere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

(summa) erat solvenda de meo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

operas solvere alicui,

to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

Liv. 31, 13:

nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

Dig. 50, 17, 105:

qui modo solvendo sint,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

si solvendo sint,

Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

solvendo non erat,

Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

cum solvendo civitates non essent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —

To fulfil the duty of burial.

Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

Curt. 3, 12, 15:

proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

id. 10, 6, 7:

ut justa soluta Remo,

Ov. F. 5, 452:

nunc justa nato solve,

Sen. Hippol. 1245.—

Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

exsequiis rite solutis,

Verg. A. 7, 5:

cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

Sen. Hippol. 1198:

solvere suprema militibus,

Tac. A. 1, 61.—

Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.

Alone:

vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

id. 40, 44, 8:

placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

id. 36, 37 fin.:

petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

id. 45, 44:

animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

Tac. A. 2, 69:

vota pater solvit,

Ov. M. 9, 707:

ne votum solvat,

Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

voti debita solvere,

Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

ib. 2022 et saep.:

sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

Manil. 1, 427.—

With dat.:

ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

vota Jovi solvo,

Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

sunt vota soluta deae,

id. F. 6, 248:

dis vota solvis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

Just. 18, 5, 4.—

Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

fidem obligatam liberare,

Suet. Claud. 9):

illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

Flor. 1, 1, 12;

similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—

Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

perinde quasi promissum solvens,

Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.

Lit.

(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

Liv. 27, 51:

eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

id. 24, 45, 10:

non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

Col. 2, 9:

soluta et facilis terra,

id. 3, 14;

solum solutum vel spissum,

id. 2, 2 init.;

seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

solutiores ripae,

Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

mas spissior, femina solutior,

Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—

(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—

Trop.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

Cic. Or. 47, 173:

verbis solutus satis,

id. ib. 47, 174:

solutissimus in dicendo,

id. ib. 48, 180.—

Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

solutus omni fenore,

Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

Liv. 8, 32, 5:

Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—

Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—

Free from cares, undistracted:

animo soluto liberoque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—

At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—

Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

vultus,

Stat. Th. 5, 355:

(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—

Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

Tac. A. 2, 4:

quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

rectore solutos (solis) equos,

Stat. Th. 1, 219.—

Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

judicio senatus soluto et libero,

id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—

Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

amores soluti et liberi,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

licentia,

id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

id. Mil. 13, 34:

quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

id. 2, 1, 2:

solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

Suet. Aug. 44:

mores soluti,

licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—

Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—

Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.

Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—