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101 per

prep [per]
1) (direzione) for, to

l' autobus per Milano — the Milan bus, the bus for o to Milan

quando parti per Parigi? — when are you leaving for o are you off to Paris?

proseguire per Londra — to go on to London

2) (verso, nei confronti di) for, towards

il suo grande amore per la sorella — his great love for o of his sister

ha una passione per la musica — he is passionately fond of music

3) (moto attraverso luogo) through

l'ho cercata per tutta la casa — I searched the whole house o I searched all over the house for it

ti ho cercato per mari e per monti — I looked everywhere for you

l'ho incontrato per le scale — I met him on the stairs

sono passata per Roma — I came through o via Rome

il maestro è passato per i banchi — the teacher went along the rows of desks

i ladri sono passati per la finestra — the thieves got in (o out) through the window

4)

(stato in luogo) seduto/sdraiato per terra — sitting/lying on the ground

5) (tempo) for

per anni — for years

per tutta l' estate — all summer long, all through the summer, throughout the summer

per tutta la giornata — all day long

per giorni e giorni — for days on end

giorno per giorno — day by day

dobbiamo finirlo per lunedì — we must get it finished by o for Monday

ci rivedremo per Pasqua — we'll see one another again at Easter

è piovuto per tutta la settimana — it has rained all week long

per molto tempo — for a long time

sarò di ritorno per le tre — I'll be back by three o'clock

6) (mezzo, maniera) by

per ferrovia — by rail o train

l'ha fatto per gioco — he did it as a joke

per lettera — by letter

l'ha presa per mano — he took her by the hand

chiamare qn per nome — to call sb by name

l'ha fatto per scherzo — he did it as a joke

non mi piace parlare per telefono — I don't like using the phone o speaking on the phone

per via aerea — by air

per vie legali — through legal channels

7) (causa) for, because of, owing to, (scopo) for

per abitudine — out of habit, from habit

è morto per avvelenamento — he died from poisoning

le tende per la cucina — the kitchen curtains, the curtains for the kitchen

per un errore — through o by error

per il freddo — because of the cold

non stare in pena per lui — don't worry about him

pastiglie per il mal di gola — throat pastilles o lozenges

chiuso per malattia — closed because of o on account of illness

assentarsi per malattia — to be off because of o through o owing to illness

questo lavoro non fa per me — this isn't the right job for me

per motivi di salute — for health reasons

condannato per omicidio — convicted of murder

non l'ha fatto per pigrizia — he didn't do it out of laziness

processato per rapina a mano armata — tried for armed robbery

8) (prezzo, misura) for

assicurato per un milione — insured for 1 million euros

l'ho comprato per 500 euro — I bought it for 500 euros

per miglia e miglia non si vedeva nulla — you couldn't see anything for miles

il terreno si estende per molti chilometri — the land extends for several kilometres

lo vendo per poco — I'm selling it for very little, I'm selling it cheap

9) (limitazione) for

è troppo difficile per lui — it's too hard for him

per me è come una madre — she's like a mother to me

per quel che mi riguarda — as far as I'm concerned

per questa volta ci passerò sopra — I'll forget about it this time

10)

(distributivo) un interesse del 5 per cento — 5 per cent interest

dividere 12 per 4 — to divide 12 by 4

2 per 3 fa 6 — 2 times 3 equals 6

in fila per tre! — line up in threes!

moltiplicare 9 per 3 — to multiply 9 by 3

ce n'è una per parte — there's one on each side

750 euro per persona — 750 euros per person o a head o apiece

vi interrogo uno per uno — I'll question you one by one

entrate uno per volta — come in one at a time

11) (in qualità di) as, (al posto di) for

te lo dico per certo — I tell you it's gospel

me l'hanno venduto per lana — they sold it to me as (if it were) wool

lo hanno dato per morto — he was given up for dead

ha avuto suo padre per professore — he had his father as one of his teachers, he was taught by his father

prendere qn per uno sciocco — to take sb for a fool

ti ho preso per tuo fratello — I (mis)took you for your brother

12) (introduce proposizione finale) to, in order to

per fare qc — (so as) to do sth, in order to do sth

l'ho fatto per aiutarti — I did it to help you

dicevo così per scherzare — I said it as a joke o in fun

13) (introduce proposizione causale) for

per aver fatto qc — for doing sth

è stato punito per aver picchiato suo fratello — he was punished for hitting his brother

è morta per aver ingerito troppi barbiturici — she died from o of an overdose of barbiturates

14)

(introduce proposizione concessiva) per poco che sia — however little it is o it may be, little though it is o it may be

per quanto si dia da fare... — however hard he tries...

per quanto io sappia — as far as I know

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > per
102 dafür

Adv.

1. allg. for it, for them, for that, for this; ein anderes Wort dafür another word for it; ein Beispiel dafür ist... an example of this is ( oder would be)...; sie hatten kein Geld dafür they didn’t have money for that (sort of thing); er kann nichts dafür (für den Unfall etc.) it’s not his fault; (für seine Art etc.) he can’t help it; was kann ich dafür(, wenn du so faul bist)? it’s not my fault (that you’re so lazy); er wurde dafür bestraft, dass er gelogen hatte he was punished for telling lies; dafür sorgen, dass see to it that; dafür werde ich schon sorgen I’ll take care of that

2. (als Ersatz) instead, in s.th.’s place; (als Gegenleistung) in return; was willst du dafür? (Geldbetrag) what do you want for it?; (Tauschobjekt etc.) what do you want in exchange ( oder return)?; was kriege ich dafür? wenn ich dir diesen Gefallen tue: what’s in it for me?; ich möchte mich dafür bedanken, dass... I would like to express my thanks for...

3. (als Ausgleich) but; er ist blind, hat aber dafür ein sehr gutes Gehör but has extremely good ears (to make up for it); er ist reich, dafür aber sehr krank he’s rich but very sick (for all that)

4. (zugunsten) for it, in favo(u)r of it; dafür sein oder stimmen be in favo(u)r; dafür sein, etw. zu tun be for doing s.th.; dafür bin ich immer zu haben I’m always up for that, I never say no to that; ich bin ganz dafür I’m all in favo(u)r, I’m all for it; es lässt sich vieles dafür und dagegen sagen it has its pros and cons; alles spricht dafür, dass... all the evidence seems to indicate that, it looks very much as if...

5. Zweck: (dazu) for it; nimm doch den Hammer dafür why not use the hammer (for that)?; dafür ist er ja da that’s what he’s there for (after all), that’s his job, isn’t it?; dafür haben wir es schließlich that’s why we have it, that’s what it’s there for(, isn’t it?)

6. umg. (schließlich) after all; er müsste es wissen, dafür ist er ja Lehrer after all, he’s a teacher(, isn’t he?)

7. (im Hinblick darauf) considering (that), given (that); dafür, dass du so klein bist, bist du ganz schön stark you’re pretty strong considering (that) you’re so small ( oder for someone so small); sie lernt erst seit kurzem Spanisch, dafür spricht sie schon sehr gut given that she’s not been learning Spanish for long, she’s already pretty good at speaking, she speaks Spanish well for someone who hasn’t been studying it long

* * *

(für diesen Zweck) for it;

(stattdessen) instead;

(zugunsten) pro

* * *
da|für [da'fyːɐ] (emph) ['daːfyːɐ]
adv

1) (= für das, diese Tat etc) for that/it

wir haben kein Geld dafǘr — we've no money for that

dafǘr haben wir kein Geld — we've no money for that sort of thing

der Grund dafǘr ist, dass... — the reason for that is (that)...

warum ist er so böse? er hat doch keinen Grund dafǘr — why is he so angry? there's no reason for it or he has no reason to be

dafǘr war er nicht zu haben — it wasn't his scene (inf)

dafǘr ist er immer zu haben — he never says no to that

ich bin nicht dafǘr verantwortlich, was mein Bruder macht — I'm not responsible for what my brother does

dafǘr bin ich ja hier — that's what I'm here for, that's why I'm here

er ist dafǘr bestraft worden, dass er frech zum Lehrer war — he was punished for being cheeky to (Brit) or sassy with (US) the teacher

2) (Zustimmung) for that/it, in favour (Brit) or favor (US) (of that/it)

ich bin ganz dafǘr — I'm all for it (inf), I'm all in favo(u)r

ich bin (ganz) dafǘr, dass wir/sie das machen — I'm (all) for or in favo(u)r of doing that/them doing that

dafǘr stimmen — to vote for it

ich bin nicht dafǘr, dass das so gemacht wird — I don't think it should be done like that, I'm not in favo(u)r of it being done that way

3) (als Ersatz) instead, in its place; (als Bezahlung) for that/it; (bei Tausch) in exchange; (als Gegenleistung) in return

... ich mache dir dafǘr deine Hausaufgaben —... and I'll do your homework in return

4) (zum Ausgleich) but... to make up

in Physik ist er schlecht, dafǘr kann er gut Golf spielen —

ich hatte diesmal immer nur Kurzferien, dafǘr habe ich umso mehr gesehen — I've only had short holidays (Brit) or a short vacation (US) this time but I've seen a lot more for all that

5)

(= im Hinblick darauf) der Junge ist erst drei Jahre, dafǘr ist er sehr klug — the boy is only three, (so) considering that he's very clever

dafǘr, dass er erst drei Jahre ist, ist er sehr klug — seeing or considering that he's only three he's very clever

6)

(in Verbindung mit n, vb etc siehe auch dort) er interessiert sich nicht dafǘr — he's not interested in that/it

dafǘr interessiert er sich nicht — he's not interested in that sort of thing

er gibt sein ganzes Geld dafǘr aus — he spends all his money on that/it

ein Beispiel dafǘr wäre... — an example of that would be...

ich kann mich nicht dafǘr begeistern — I can't get enthusiastic about it, I can't rouse any enthusiasm for it

sie ist dreißig/sehr intelligent – dafǘr hätte ich sie nicht gehalten — she's thirty/very intelligent – I would never have thought it or thought she was

dafǘr werde ich schon sorgen — I'll see to that, I'll take care of that

ich werde dafǘr sorgen, dass... — I'll see to it that...

* * *

1) (in favour of: Are you for or against the plan?) for

2) (as an exchange (for something): We'll send them whisky and they'll send us vodka in return: They'll send us vodka in return for whisky.) in return (for)

* * *

da·für

[daˈfy:ɐ̯]

adv

1. (für das) for that; (für es) for it; (hierfür) for this

wir haben kein Geld \dafür we've no money for that sort of thing

das Auto sieht aus wie neu! was hast du \dafür bezahlt? the car looks like new! what did you pay for it?

wie viel hat er dir \dafür bezahlt [o gegeben]? how much did he pay [or give] you for that?

er hat 10 Euro \dafür bezahlt he paid 10 euros for that

ich hätte \dafür nicht so viel ausgegeben I would never have spent so much on it

warum ist er böse? er hat doch keinen Grund \dafür why's he angry? he has no reason to be [or there's no reason for it]

der \dafür dafür ist, dass... the reason for that is that...

ich bin nicht \dafür verantwortlich, was mein Bruder macht I'm not responsible for my brother's doings [or for what my brother does]

Oper? \dafür bin ich nicht zu haben! opera? that's not my scene at all! fam

\dafür bin ich immer zu haben! I never say no to that!

ein Beispiel \dafür an example

ein Beweis \dafür sein, dass... to be proof that...

2. (deswegen) for that

\dafür bist du schließlich engagiert worden! after all, that's why you were hired!

\dafür bin ich ja da/Lehrer that's what I'm here for [or why I'm here]/that's why I'm a teacher

ich bezahle Sie nicht \dafür, dass Sie nur rumstehen! I'm not paying you just to stand around

er ist \dafür bestraft worden, dass er frech war he was punished for being cheeky

3. (als Gegenleistung) in return

ich repariere dir \dafür deine Türklingel in return, I'll fix your doorbell

wenn du mir das verrätst, helfe ich dir \dafür bei den Hausaufgaben if you tell me, I'll help you with your homework [in return]

was hat er dir [als Gegenleistung] \dafür gegeben? what did he give you in return?

4. (stattdessen, als Ausgleich)

\dafür [aber] but

in Mathematik ist er schlecht, \dafür kann er [aber] gut Fußball spielen he's bad at maths, but he makes up for it at football

er ist zwar nicht kräftig, \dafür aber intelligent he may not be strong, but he's intelligent for all that

zwar bin ich darüber nicht informiert, \dafür weiß ich aber, wer Ihnen weiterhelfen kann although I haven't been informed, I do know who can help you further

5. (im Hinblick darauf) considering that

er ist erst vier. \dafür kann er schon sehr gut Klavier spielen he's only four. considering that, he plays the piano really well

▪ \dafür, dass... seeing [or considering] that...

\dafür, dass sie einen Abschluss hat, ist sie aber nicht besonders clever seeing [or considering] [that] she's got a degree, she's not particularly clever

6. (als solcher) as one

er ist zwar kein Professor, aber er geht \dafür durch although he isn't a professor, he can pass off as [being] one

sie ist keine wirkliche Wahrsagerin, aber im Dorf gilt sie \dafür she isn't a real fortune teller, but the village consider her to be one

es ist zwar kein Silber, man könnte es aber auf den ersten Blick \dafür halten although it's not silver, it could be taken for it at first glance

7. (fam: als Gegenmittel) for it

das ist gut \dafür that's good for it

du hast Halsschmerzen? \dafür ist Salbei sehr gut! you've got a sore throat? sage will help!

8. mit bestimmten vb, subst, adj (für es) for it; (für das) for that; (hierfür) for this

ich kann mich nicht \dafür begeistern I can't get enthusiastic about it

ich kann deine Begeisterung/dein Interesse \dafür nicht verstehen I cannot understand your enthusiasm for/interest in that

vergiss dein Angebot, er kann sich nicht \dafür interessieren forget your offer, he is not interested [in it/that]

ich werde \dafür sorgen, dass... I'll make sure that...

ich kann doch nichts \dafür! I can't help it!

9. (befürworten)

\dafür sein to be for it/that, to be in favour [or AM favor] [of it/that]

wer ist \dafür und wer dagegen? who's for it [or in favour] and who against?

nur wenig Leute sind \dafür, dass die Todesstrafe wieder eingeführt wird only a few people are for [or in favour of] bringing back the death penalty

ich bin [ganz] \dafür, dass wir/Sie es machen I'm [all] for [or in favour of] doing/your doing that

er will wieder nach Italien — ich bin nicht \dafür he wants to go to Italy again — I don't think he should

10. in getrennter Stellung NORDD

da bin ich nicht für I don't agree to that

da kann ich nichts für that's not my fault

* * *

Adverb

1) for it/them

dafür, dass... — (damit) so that...

dafür sorgen [, dass...] — see to it [that...]

der Grund dafür, dass... — the reason why...

dafür sein — be in favour [of it]

ich bin ganz dafür — I'm all for it

das ist ein Beweis dafür, dass... — this is proof that...

ein Beispiel dafür ist... — an example of this is...

alles spricht dafür, dass... — all the evidence or everything suggests that...

2) (als Gegenleistung) in return [for it]; (beim Tausch) in exchange; (statt dessen) instead

heute hat er keine Zeit, dafür will er morgen kommen — he has no time today, so he wants to come tomorrow instead

3)

er ist schon 60, aber dafür hält ihn niemand — he is 60 but nobody would think so

4) (wenn man das berücksichtigt)

dafür ist sein Französisch nicht sehr gut — his French is not very good, considering

dafür dass... — considering that...

5)

etwas/nichts dafür können — be/not be responsible

dafür kann er nichts[, dass...] — it's not his fault [that...]; he can't help it [that...]

* * *

dafür adv

1. allg for it, for them, for that, for this;

ein anderes Wort dafür another word for it;

ein Beispiel dafür ist … an example of this is ( oder would be) …;

sie hatten kein Geld dafür they didn’t have money for that (sort of thing);

er kann nichts dafür (für den Unfall etc) it’s not his fault; (für seine Art etc) he can’t help it;

was kann ich dafür(, wenn du so faul bist)? it’s not my fault (that you’re so lazy);

er wurde dafür bestraft, dass er gelogen hatte he was punished for telling lies;

dafür sorgen, dass see to it that;

dafür werde ich schon sorgen I’ll take care of that

2. (als Ersatz) instead, in sth’s place; (als Gegenleistung) in return;

was willst du dafür? (Geldbetrag) what do you want for it?; (Tauschobjekt etc) what do you want in exchange ( oder return)?;

was kriege ich dafür? wenn ich dir diesen Gefallen tue: what’s in it for me?;

ich möchte mich dafür bedanken, dass … I would like to express my thanks for …

3. (als Ausgleich) but; er ist blind,

hat aber dafür ein sehr gutes Gehör but has extremely good ears (to make up for it);

er ist reich, dafür aber sehr krank he’s rich but very sick (for all that)

4. (zugunsten) for it, in favo(u)r of it;

dafür sein oder

stimmen be in favo(u)r;

dafür sein, etwas zu tun be for doing sth;

dafür bin ich immer zu haben I’m always up for that, I never say no to that;

ich bin ganz dafür I’m all in favo(u)r, I’m all for it;

es lässt sich vieles dafür und dagegen sagen it has its pros and cons;

alles spricht dafür, dass … all the evidence seems to indicate that, it looks very much as if …

5. Zweck: (dazu) for it;

nimm doch den Hammer dafür why not use the hammer (for that)?;

dafür ist er ja da that’s what he’s there for (after all), that’s his job, isn’t it?;

dafür haben wir es schließlich that’s why we have it, that’s what it’s there for(, isn’t it?)

6. umg (schließlich) after all; er müsste es wissen,

dafür ist er ja Lehrer after all, he’s a teacher(, isn’t he?)

7. (im Hinblick darauf) considering (that), given (that);

dafür, dass du so klein bist, bist du ganz schön stark you’re pretty strong considering (that) you’re so small ( oder for someone so small);

sie lernt erst seit kurzem Spanisch, dafür spricht sie schon sehr gut given that she’s not been learning Spanish for long, she’s already pretty good at speaking, she speaks Spanish well for someone who hasn’t been studying it long

* * *

Adverb

1) for it/them

dafür, dass... — (damit) so that...

dafür sorgen [, dass...] — see to it [that...]

der Grund dafür, dass... — the reason why...

dafür sein — be in favour [of it]

ich bin ganz dafür — I'm all for it

das ist ein Beweis dafür, dass... — this is proof that...

ein Beispiel dafür ist... — an example of this is...

alles spricht dafür, dass... — all the evidence or everything suggests that...

2) (als Gegenleistung) in return [for it]; (beim Tausch) in exchange; (statt dessen) instead

heute hat er keine Zeit, dafür will er morgen kommen — he has no time today, so he wants to come tomorrow instead

3)

er ist schon 60, aber dafür hält ihn niemand — he is 60 but nobody would think so

4) (wenn man das berücksichtigt)

dafür ist sein Französisch nicht sehr gut — his French is not very good, considering

dafür dass... — considering that...

5)

etwas/nichts dafür können — be/not be responsible

dafür kann er nichts[, dass...] — it's not his fault [that...]; he can't help it [that...]

* * *

adv.

therefor n. präp.

for it expr.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > dafür
103 haben

n; -s, kein Pl.; FIN. credit (side); Soll und Haben credit and debit

* * *

to have; to have got

* * *
Ha|ben ['haːbn]
nt -s, no pl
credit
im Háben stehen — to be on the credit side

* * *

1) ((also have got) to hold or possess (something which belongs to oneself or to someone else): I have a book of yours at home; He's got your book; I don't have any books by Sir Walter Scott.) have

2) ((also have got) to possess something as part of oneself or in some way connected with oneself: She has blue eyes; Our house has six rooms; I've got a pain in my stomach.) have

3) (to produce: He does have some good ideas; She has had a baby.) have

4) (to enjoy or suffer: We had a lovely holiday.) have

5) (to think or feel: I have some doubts about this project.) have

6) ((an entry on) the side of an account on which payments received are entered: Our credits are greater than our debits.) credit

7) (to feel: He took pleasure/pride / a delight / an interest in his work.) take

* * *

Ha·ben

<-s>

[ˈha:bn̩]

nt kein pl credit

mit etw dat im \Haben sein to be in credit by sth

* * *

das; Habens, Haben (Kaufmannsspr.) credit; s. auch Soll 1)

* * *

haben; hat, hatte, hat gehabt

A. v/t

1. (Arbeit, Erfahrung, Geld, Zeit etc) have (got); (besitzen) auch possess, own;

haben wollen (wünschen) want (to have); (fordern) want, demand;

die Erlaubnis/das Recht haben zu (+inf) have permission/the right to (+inf)

woher hast du das? where did you get that (from)?; (Nachricht etc) where did you hear that?;

kann ich mal das Salz haben? umg could I have the salt, please?;

da hast du’s! umg there you are;

zu haben Ware: available; Haus: for sale;

ist es noch zu haben? auch is it still going (US up for sale)?;

sie ist noch zu haben umg, fig she’s not spoken for, she’s (still) available, she’s (still) single;

dafür bin ich nicht zu haben fig you can count me out; generell: that’s not (really) my thing;

für ein Bier bin ich immer zu haben fig I’m always game for a beer;

er hat schon viele Frauen gehabt umg, euph he’s already had a lot of women;

wer hat, der hat! umg, hum oder iron if you’ve got it, flaunt it;

was man hat, das hat man a bird in the hand (is worth two in the bush) sprichw, possession is nine points ( oder tenths) of the law;

er hat’s ja! umg he can afford it; → haste

2. (Eigenschaft, Krankheit, Unfall, Zustand etc) have (got);

welche Farbe haben seine Augen? what colo(u)r are his eyes?;

Glück/Pech haben be lucky/unlucky;

einen Motorschaden haben have engine trouble;

es im Hals haben umg have a sore throat;

er hat Geburtstag it’s his birthday;

gestern hatten wir Regen we had rain yesterday, it rained here yesterday;

hast du heute Dienst/Schule/frei? are you on duty/have you got school/are you off today?;

Mathe haben wir bei Herrn Hanel Mr Hanel takes us for math(s), US We have math with Mr. Hanel;

in der vierten Stunde haben wir Physik we’ve got physics (in the) fourth period ( oder lesson);

in Erdkunde haben wir gerade China we’re doing China in geography at the moment;

da hast du’s! (siehst du?) I told you so

3. (fühlen):

Angst/Durst etc

haben be afraid/thirsty etc;

Schmerzen haben be in pain, have a pain sg;

was hast du denn? umg what’s up ( oder wrong)?;

hast du was? umg is something the matter?

4. (bestehen aus) comprise, be made up of, consist of; (wiegen) weigh; (messen) measure;

der Fisch hat zwei Kilo/zwanzig Zentimeter the fish weighs two kilos/is 20 centimetres (US -ers) long;

ein Kilogramm hat tausend Gramm there are a thousand grams in a kilogram;

der Verein hat 20 Mitglieder the club has 20 members;

Deutschland hat 16 Bundesländer Germany is made up of 16 states

5. Zeitangabe:

wir haben (jetzt) April/genau sechs Uhr/Montag, den 7.11. it’s April/six o’clock precisely/Monday 7 November (US November 7th);

wie viel Uhr haben wir? what time is it?;

in New York haben sie jetzt Nacht it’s nighttime in New York at the moment

6. umg als Brauch, Mode:

das hat man jetzt so/wieder/nicht mehr Brauch: it’s what we do nowadays/we’ve gone back to doing it this way/we don’t do it like that any more; Mode: it’s the fashion/back in fashion/out of fashion now

7. unpers, besonders südd, österr, schweiz:

es hat there is/are;

wie viel Grad hat es (draußen)? what’s the temperature (outside)?;

dieses Jahr hat es wenig Pilze there aren’t very many mushrooms this year;

was hat’s bei euch für Wetter? what sort of weather are you having?, what’s the weather like where you are?

8. umg (beendet, bekommen, gemacht etc haben):

hast du den Abwasch schon? have you finished washing up (yet)? (US finished the dishes [yet]?);

hat man den Dieb schon? have they caught the thief yet?;

hab ich dich endlich! (erwischt) got you!, gotcha! umg;

das werden wir gleich haben! no problem; bei Reparatur etc: we’ll have that done ( oder fixed) in no time;

ich hab’s bald (I’m) nearly finished;

hast du’s bald? ungeduldig: how much longer are you going to take?;

ich hab’s oder

jetzt hab ich’s! (I’ve) got it!;

hast du schon Nachricht von ihr? - Nein, hab ich nicht! have you heard from her yet? – No, I haven’t;

was hast du in Mathe? Note: what did you get in math(s)?;

dich hat’s wohl! oder

hat’s dich jetzt ganz? (spinnst du?) you must be mad (US crazy)!, you’re off your head

9. mit es und adj:

du hast’s gut you’ve got it good umg, everything’s fine for you;

ich hab’s eilig I’m in a hurry;

schön habt ihr es hier it’s lovely for you here;

jetzt haben wir’s nicht mehr weit not far to go now;

sie will es so haben that’s the way she wants it;

wie hätten Sie’s denn gern(e)? how would you like it?

10. mit zu und inf:

nichts/viel zu essen haben have nothing/a lot to eat;

einen Brief zu schreiben haben have a letter to write;

ich habe noch Geld von ihr zu bekommen I still have some money to come ( oder coming) from her, she still owes me some money;

du hast hier/mir (gar) nichts zu befehlen oder

sagen/verbieten it’s not up to you to tell people/me what to do/what not to do;

was hast du hier zu suchen? (verschwinde!) what are you doing here?

11. mit Verben:

wo hast du dein Auto (stehen)? where did you leave your car?;

einen Läufer vor dem Bett (liegen) haben have a rug in front of the bed;

etwas nicht haben können umg (nicht ertragen, mögen) not be able to stand sth;

das kann ich nicht haben! I can’t stand it; auf etwas Spezifisches reagierend: I’m not standing for that

12. mit präp:

eine Frau/einen Italiener als oder

zum Chef haben have a woman/an Italian as one’s boss;

ich habe an ihm einen Freund I have a friend in him;

ich merke erst jetzt, was ich an ihr gehabt habe it’s only now that I can appreciate what I had in her (bzw what an asset oder a treasure oder a wonderful woman she was);

er hat etwas Überspanntes an sich there’s something eccentric about him;

das haben Katzen so an sich that’s just the way cats are;

was hat es damit auf sich? what’s it all about?, what does it mean?;

es hat nichts auf sich (damit) it’s nothing;

bei sich haben (Geld, Ausweis etc) have on ( oder with) one; (Person) have with one;

es hat viel für sich there’s a lot to be said for it;

was hast du gegen ihn? what have you got against him?;

ich hab nichts gegen Raucher I have nothing against people who smoke;

jetzt hätte ich nichts gegen ein Nickerchen I wouldn’t mind a little nap now;

sie hatte alle gegen sich she had everyone against her;

hinter sich (dat)

haben (etwas) have been through sth; (jemanden) have sb behind one;

das hätten wir hinter uns well, that’s that;

einen anstrengenden Tag hinter sich (dat)

haben have had a tiring day;

die fünfzig hinter sich (dat)

haben be over 50, be the wrong side of 50;

die Sache hat es in sich umg it’s not easy, it’s a tough one;

der Likör hat es in sich it’s a pretty strong liqueur;

hat sie was mit ihm? umg is there something going on between them?;

hat er es schon mit ihr gehabt? umg has he had it ( oder done it) with her?;

ich hab’s nicht (so) mit ihr/mit Pizza umg I don’t like ( oder get on [US along] with) her/I don’t go for ( oder I’m not into) pizza;

die hat’s vielleicht mit i-r Ordnung! umg she’s got a real thing about tidiness;

damit hat es (noch) Zeit oder

keine Eile there’s (still) plenty of time for that, there’s no hurry for that (yet);

unter sich (dat)

haben be in charge of; (befehligen) command;

er hat viel von seinem Vater he takes after his father;

er hat etwas von einem Versager etc he’s a bit of a quitter; wenn du so viel arbeitest,

haben wir gar nichts mehr von dir we’ll never see anything of you;

wir haben nicht viel von unserem Urlaub gehabt we didn’t get much out of our holiday;

was habe ich davon? umg what do I get out of it?, what for?;

das hast du jetzt davon! umg see?;

das hast du davon, wenn … umg that’s what you get when … ( oder from [+ger]);

das haben wir noch vor uns that’s still to come, we’ve still got that to come;

Sie wissen wohl nicht, wen Sie vor sich haben? you obviously don’t know who(m) you’re addressing;

jemanden zum Feind/Freund haben have sb as an enemy/friend; → Anschein, Auge 1, gehabt, gern(e) etc

B. v/i mit zu und inf:

zu arbeiten/gehorchen etc

haben (müssen) have to work/obey etc;

ich hab zu tun I’ve got things to do;

du hast gut lachen/reden you may well laugh/talk

C. v/r umg:

hab dich nicht so! don’t make such a fuss; (führ dich nicht so auf) don’t take (US carry) on like that;

der hat sich vielleicht mit seinen Büchern! he makes such a fuss about his books!;

und damit hat sich’s! and that’s that, and that’s final;

es hat sich was damit it’s not that easy;

hat sich was! some hope!

D. v/aux have;

hast du ihn gesehen? have you seen him?;

ich habe bis jetzt gelesen I have been reading up to now;

er hat uns gestern besucht he visited us yesterday;

du hättest es mir sagen sollen you should have told me;

er hätte es machen können he could have done it

* * *

das; Habens, Haben (Kaufmannsspr.) credit; s. auch Soll 1)

* * *

v.

(§ p.,pp.: hatte, gehabt)

= to have v.

(§ p.,p.p.: had)

to have got to expr.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > haben
104 hear

hear [hɪə(r)]

entendre ⇒ 1 (a), 2 (a) écouter ⇒ 1 (b) apprendre ⇒ 1 (d) être au courant ⇒ 2 (b)

(pt & pp heard [hɜ:d])

1 transitive verb

(a) (perceive with sense of hearing) entendre;

∎ can you hear me? est-ce que vous m'entendez?;

∎ we can't hear you nous ne vous entendons pas, nous n'entendons pas ce que vous dites;

∎ he could hear someone crying il entendait (quelqu'un) pleurer;

∎ I can hear someone at the door j'entends sonner à la porte;

∎ a shout was heard un cri se fit entendre;

∎ formal he was heard to observe or remark that he was against censorship on l'a entendu dire qu'il était opposé à la censure;

∎ I've heard it said that... j'ai entendu dire que...;

∎ I've heard tell that they're engaged j'ai entendu dire qu'ils étaient fiancés;

∎ I've heard tell of such things j'ai entendu parler de choses de ce genre;

∎ I couldn't make myself heard above the noise je n'arrivais pas à me faire entendre dans le bruit;

∎ to hear my sister talk you'd think we were poor à entendre ma sœur, vous pourriez croire que nous sommes pauvres;

∎ he went on and on about it - I can just hear him! il n'a pas arrêté d'en parler - c'est comme si j'y étais! ou pas la peine de me faire un dessin!;

∎ don't believe everything you hear n'écoutez pas tous les bruits qui courent, ne croyez pas tout ce qu'on raconte;

∎ you're hearing things tu t'imagines des choses;

∎ I can hardly hear myself think je n'arrive pas à me concentrer (tant il y a de bruit);

∎ ironic he hears what he wants to hear il n'entend que ce qu'il veut;

∎ let's hear it for the Johnson sisters! un grand bravo pour les sœurs Johnson!, et on applaudit bien fort les sœurs Johnson!

(b) (listen to → music, person) écouter; (→ concert, lecture, mass) assister à, écouter;

∎ be quiet, d'you hear! taisez-vous, vous entendez!;

∎ let's hear what you think dites voir ou un peu ce que vous pensez;

∎ so let's hear it! allez, dis ce que tu as à dire!;

∎ I've never heard such nonsense! qu'est-ce qu'il ne faut pas entendre!;

∎ I heard her rehearse her lines je l'ai fait répéter ou réciter son rôle;

∎ the Lord heard our prayers le Seigneur a écouté ou exaucé nos prières

(c) (of authority, official)

∎ the priest hears confession on Saturdays le prêtre confesse le samedi;

∎ Law the court will hear the first witness today la cour entendra le premier témoin aujourd'hui;

∎ the case will be heard in March l'affaire se plaidera au mois de mars

(d) (understand, be told) entendre, apprendre;

∎ I hear you're leaving j'ai appris ou j'ai entendu (dire) que tu partais;

∎ I hear you've lived in Thailand il paraît que tu as vécu en Thaïlande;

∎ have you heard the latest? connaissez-vous la dernière?;

∎ have you heard anything more about the accident? avez-vous eu d'autres nouvelles de l'accident?;

∎ for six months we heard nothing (received no news) pendant six mois nous n'avons pas eu de nouvelles;

∎ she was very famous for a while then we heard no more about her elle a été célèbre pendant un moment puis on n'a plus entendu parler d'elle;

∎ let me hear how you get on donnez-moi de vos nouvelles;

∎ from what I hear à ce qu'on dit;

∎ have you heard the one about the Scotsman and the Irishman? connaissez-vous l'histoire de l'Écossais et de l'Irlandais?;

∎ I've heard that one before! on ne me la fait plus!;

∎ she's heard it all before elle connaît la musique;

∎ I've heard good things about that school j'ai eu des échos favorables de cette école;

∎ you haven't heard the last of this! (gen) vous n'avez pas fini d'en entendre parler!; (threat) vous aurez de mes nouvelles!;

∎ familiar I hear you, I hear what you're saying je comprends^□, j'ai compris^□ ;

∎ familiar you heard! tu m'as bien compris!

2 intransitive verb

(a) (able to perceive sound) entendre;

∎ she doesn't hear very well elle n'entend pas très bien, elle est un peu dure d'oreille

(b) (be aware) être au courant;

∎ haven't you heard? he's dead vous n'êtes pas au courant? il est mort

(c) (idiom)

∎ hear, hear! bravo!, tout à fait d'accord!

➲ hear about inseparable transitive verb

(a) (learn) entendre;

∎ have you heard about the accident? êtes-vous au courant pour ou de l'accident?;

∎ yes, I heard about that oui, je suis au courant;

∎ have you heard about the time she met Churchill? connaissez-vous l'histoire de sa rencontre avec Churchill?;

∎ I've heard so much about you j'ai tellement entendu parler de vous

(b) (have news of) avoir ou recevoir des nouvelles de;

∎ I hear about her through her sister j'ai de ses nouvelles par sa sœur

➲ hear from inseparable transitive verb

(a) (receive news of) avoir ou recevoir des nouvelles de;

∎ they'd be delighted to hear from you ils seraient ravis d'avoir de tes nouvelles;

∎ he never heard from her again il n'a plus jamais eu de ses nouvelles;

∎ you'll be hearing from me (gen) je vous donnerai de mes nouvelles; (threat) vous allez avoir de mes nouvelles, vous allez entendre parler de moi;

∎ you'll be hearing from my lawyer! mon avocat vous contactera!, on en reparlera devant les tribunaux!;

∎ (I am) looking forward to hearing from you (in letter) dans l'attente de vous lire

(b) (listen to) écouter;

∎ we hear first from one of the survivors nous allons d'abord écouter ou entendre l'un des survivants

➲ hear of inseparable transitive verb

(a) (know of) entendre parler de, connaître;

∎ I've never heard of her je ne la connais pas

(b) (receive news of) entendre parler de;

∎ the whole town had heard of his success la ville entière était au courant de son succès ou sa réussite;

∎ the director was never heard of again on n'a plus jamais entendu parler du directeur;

∎ the missing boy was never heard of again on n'a jamais retrouvé la trace du garçon qui avait disparu;

∎ have you ever heard of such a thing? avez-vous déjà entendu parler d'une chose pareille?;

∎ this is the first I have heard of it c'est la première fois que j'en entends parler;

∎ whoever heard of eating pizza for breakfast! quelle (drôle d') idée de manger de la pizza au petit déjeuner!;

∎ we hear of nothing these days but rocketing interest rates! ces temps-ci, on nous rebat les oreilles avec la montée en flèche ou la croissance folle des taux d'intérêt!

(c) (usu neg) (accept, allow) her father won't hear of it son père ne veut pas en entendre parler ou ne veut rien savoir;

∎ I won't hear of you walking home je ne veux absolument pas que tu rentres à pied;

∎ may I pay for dinner? - I wouldn't hear of it! puis-je payer ou vous offrir le dîner? - (il n'en est) pas question!

➲ hear out separable transitive verb

écouter jusqu'au bout;

∎ at least hear me out before you refuse my offer au moins écoutez-moi jusqu'au bout avant de refuser ma proposition

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > hear
105 preocupar

v.

1 to worry.

me preocupa no saber nada de él I'm worried I haven't heard from him

Su depresión concierne a Ricardo Her depression worries Richard.

2 to bother.

sólo le preocupa su apariencia externa he's only bothered about his appearance

3 to worry about.

Me preocupa esa situación I worry about that situation.

* * *

preocupar

► verbo transitivo

1 to worry

► verbo pronominal preocuparse

1 (sentir preocupación) to worry ( por, about), get worried ( por, about)

2 (ocuparse) to mind (de, -)

■ tú preocúpate de lo tuyo mind your own business

* * *

verb

to concern, trouble, worry

* * *

1.

VT (=inquietar) to worry; (=molestar) to bother

esto me preocupa muchísimo — I'm extremely worried about this, this worries me very much

me preocupa cómo decírselo — I'm worried about how to tell him

no le preocupa el qué dirán — he's not bothered about what people may say

2.

See:

preocuparse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo to worry

le preocupa el futuro — she's worried o concerned about her future

me preocupa que no haya llamado — it worries me that she hasn't phoned

no me preocupa — it doesn't bother o worry me
2.
preocuparse v pron

1) ( inquietarse) to worry

no te preocupes — don't worry

preocuparse POR algo/alguien — to worry about something/somebody

tiene amigos que se preocupan por ella — she has friends who care o who are concerned about her

2) ( ocuparse)

preocuparse DE algo: me preocupé de que no faltara nada I made sure o I saw to it that we had everything; no se preocupó más del asunto — he gave the matter no further thought

* * *

= bother, cause + concern, preoccupy, press upon, trouble, perturb, heighten + concern, stress + Nombre + out.

Ex. Why bother, then, to create an alphabetical index to the classified file when you already have a printed alphabetical index to the schedules of the classification scheme?.

Ex. The decision to introduce payments for ILL in Australia has caused much concern and a lot of anger.

Ex. Abstracting agencies citation recommendations may be preoccupied with the practices desirable for periodical articles.

Ex. For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.

Ex. This is a problem that has frequently troubled teachers.

Ex. She wanted to suggest some course of action splendid and decisive, and was perturbed to find that she could not.

Ex. Rapid urban growth and suburban sprawl have heightened concern in many quarters about sustainable development.

Ex. Forty percent of Americans say it stresses them out too much to think about health care and costs.

----

* no preocuparse que = rest + assured that.

* preocuparse = become + distressed, dismay, fret, wring + Posesivo + hands, stew.

* preocuparse de = agonise over [agonize, -USA].

* preocuparse del coste de = be cost conscious.

* preocuparse (de/por) = worry (about).

* preocuparse por = become + apprehensive about, care (about/for), be apprehensive (about), lose + sleep over/on, fret about.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo to worry

le preocupa el futuro — she's worried o concerned about her future

me preocupa que no haya llamado — it worries me that she hasn't phoned

no me preocupa — it doesn't bother o worry me
2.
preocuparse v pron

1) ( inquietarse) to worry

no te preocupes — don't worry

preocuparse POR algo/alguien — to worry about something/somebody

tiene amigos que se preocupan por ella — she has friends who care o who are concerned about her

2) ( ocuparse)

preocuparse DE algo: me preocupé de que no faltara nada I made sure o I saw to it that we had everything; no se preocupó más del asunto — he gave the matter no further thought

* * *

= bother, cause + concern, preoccupy, press upon, trouble, perturb, heighten + concern, stress + Nombre + out.

Ex: Why bother, then, to create an alphabetical index to the classified file when you already have a printed alphabetical index to the schedules of the classification scheme?.

Ex: The decision to introduce payments for ILL in Australia has caused much concern and a lot of anger.

Ex: Abstracting agencies citation recommendations may be preoccupied with the practices desirable for periodical articles.

Ex: For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.

Ex: This is a problem that has frequently troubled teachers.

Ex: She wanted to suggest some course of action splendid and decisive, and was perturbed to find that she could not.

Ex: Rapid urban growth and suburban sprawl have heightened concern in many quarters about sustainable development.

Ex: Forty percent of Americans say it stresses them out too much to think about health care and costs.

* no preocuparse que = rest + assured that.

* preocuparse = become + distressed, dismay, fret, wring + Posesivo + hands, stew.

* preocuparse de = agonise over [agonize, -USA].

* preocuparse del coste de = be cost conscious.

* preocuparse (de/por) = worry (about).

* preocuparse por = become + apprehensive about, care (about/for), be apprehensive (about), lose + sleep over/on, fret about.

* * *

preocupar [A1 ]

vt

to worry

le preocupa el futuro de sus hijos she's worried o concerned about her children's future

no lo preocupes con esas cosas don't worry him with things like that

me preocupa que aún no haya llegado it worries me that she hasn't arrived yet

le preocupa mucho lo que puedan pensar de él he worries a lot o he's very worried about what others may think of him

¿y si se entera alguien? — no me preocupa and what if somebody finds out? — I don't care o it doesn't bother o worry me

■ preocuparse

v pron

A (inquietarse) to worry

no te preocupes don't worry

preocuparse POR algo/algn to worry ABOUT sth/sb

es tan tranquilo que no se preocupa por nada he's so easygoing he never worries o gets worried about anything

tiene amigos que se preocupan por ella she has friends who care o who are concerned about her

B (ocuparse) preocuparse DE algo:

me preocupé de que no faltara nada I made sure o I saw to it o I ensured that we had everything

no se preocupó más del asunto he gave the matter no further thought, he took no further interest in the matter

* * *

preocupar ( conjugate preocupar) verbo transitivo
to worry;
◊ no quiero preocuparlo I don't want to worry him;

le preocupa el futuro she's worried o concerned about her future;
me preocupa que no haya llamado it worries me that she hasn't phoned;
no me preocupa it doesn't bother o worry me
preocuparse verbo pronominal
1 ( inquietarse) to worry;
preocuparse POR algo/algn to worry about sth/sb
2 ( ocuparse) preocuparse DE algo:
◊ me preocupé de que no faltara nada I made sure o I saw to it that we had everything;

no se preocupó más del asunto he gave the matter no further thought
preocupar verbo transitivo to worry, bother: les preocupa su futuro, they are concerned about his future
no le preocupa, it doesn't bother him
' preocupar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
concernir
- angustiar
English:
agitate
- bother
- concern
- disturb
- trouble
- weigh
- worry
- burden
- preoccupy

* * *

preocupar

♦ vt

1. [inquietar] to worry;

me preocupa no saber nada de él I'm worried I haven't heard from him;

me preocupa que no haya llamado I'm worried that she hasn't called;

no me preocupa que lo sepan otros it doesn't worry me that other people know about it

2. [importar] to bother;

sólo le preocupa su apariencia externa he's only bothered about his appearance

♦ See also the pronominal verb preocuparse

* * *

preocupar

v/t worry, concern

* * *

preocupar vt

inquietar: to worry, to concern

♦ See also the reflexive verb preocuparse

* * *

preocupar vb to worry [pt. & pp. worried]

me preocupa el examen the exam worries me

Spanish-English dictionary > preocupar
106 life

plural - lives; noun

1) (the quality belonging to plants and animals which distinguishes them from rocks, minerals etc and things which are dead: Doctors are fighting to save the child's life.) vida

2) (the period between birth and death: He had a long and happy life.) vida

3) (liveliness: She was full of life and energy.) vida

4) (a manner of living: She lived a life of ease and idleness.) vida

5) (the period during which any particular state exists: He had many different jobs during his working life.) vida

6) (living things: It is now believed that there may be life on Mars; animal life.) vida

7) (the story of a life: He has written a life of Churchill.) biografía

8) (life imprisonment: He was given life for murder.) cadena perpetua

•

- lifeless
- lifelike
- life-and-death
- lifebelt
- lifeboat
- lifebuoy
- life-cycle
- life expectancy
- lifeguard
- life-jacket
- lifeline
- lifelong
- life-saving
- life-sized
- life-size
- lifetime
- as large as life
- bring to life
- come to life
- for life
- the life and soul of the party
- not for the life of me
- not on your life!
- take life
- take one's life
- take one's life in one's hands
- to the life

life n vida

she saved my life me salvó la vida

El plural de life se escribe lives

life

tr[laɪf]

noun (pl lives tr[laɪvz])

1 vida

■ she can't play tennis for her life es una negada para el tenis

■ never in my life have I heard such nonsense! ¡jamás en la vida había oído tales estupideces!

2 (of battery) duración nombre femenino

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

for dear life con toda su fuerza

it's a matter of life and death es cuestión de vida o muerte

not on your life! familiar ¡ni hablar!

run for your life «(lives)»! ¡sálvese quien pueda!

to be the life and soul of the party ser el alma de la fiesta

to bring somebody back to life resucitar a alguien

to come to life cobrar vida

to have the time of one's life pasárselo como nunca

to live the life of Riley familiar pegarse la gran vida

to lose one's life perder la vida

to take one's life in one's hands (risk) arriesgar la vida 2 (control) controlar su propia vida

to take one's own life suicidarse, quitarse la vida

to take somebody's life matar a alguien

life belt / life buoy salvavidas nombre masculino

life cycle ciclo vital

life expectancy esperanza de vida

life insurance seguro de vida

life imprisonment cadena perpetua

life jacket chaleco salvavidas

life preserver SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL salvavidas nombre masculino

life sentence cadena perpetua

life story biografía

life style estilo de vida

life ['laɪf] n, pl lives ['laɪvz]

1) : vida f

plant life: la vida vegetal

2) existence: vida f, existencia f

3) biography: biografía f, vida f

4) duration: duración f, vida f

5) liveliness: vivacidad f, animación f

life

adj.

• perpetuo, -a adj.

• vital adj.

• vitalicio, -a adj.

n.

(§ pl.: lives) = animación s.f.

• existencia s.f.

• ser s.m.

• tiempo de vida s.m.

• vida s.f.

• vigencia s.f.

• vivir s.m.

laɪf
noun (pl lives)

1) c u ( existence) vida f

it will last you for life — te durará toda la vida

maimed for life — lisiado de por vida

for the rest of my life — por el resto de mis días

early in life — en su (or mi, etc) juventud

in later life — más tarde or más adelante

at my time of life — a mi edad, con la edad que tengo

he began life as a car salesman — empezó vendiendo coches

the man/woman in your life — el hombre/la mujer de tu vida

to have the time of one's life — divertirse* como nunca or (fam) de lo lindo

to live life to the full — vivir la vida al máximo

to see life — ver* mundo

you can bet your life we'll be late! — (colloq) te apuesto lo que quieras a que llegamos tarde!

to lose one's life — perder* la vida

no lives were lost — no hubo muertos

to risk one's life — arriesgar* la vida

to save somebody's life — salvarle la vida a alguien

to take somebody's life — (frml) darle* muerte a alguien (frml)

to take one's (own) life — (frml) quitarse la vida (frml)

a matter of life and death — una cuestión de vida o muerte

as large as life — en carne y hueso

he couldn't darn a sock to save his life — no sería capaz de zurcir un calcetín ni aun si le fuera la vida en ello

larger than life: the characters are all larger than life todos los personajes son creaciones que desbordan la realidad; he was a larger-than-life character era un personaje exuberante; not for the life of one: I can't remember for the life of me no me puedo acordar por nada del mundo; not on your life! ni muerto!; to cling/hold on for dear life aferrarse/agarrarse desesperadamente; to fight/run for one's life: they had to run for their lives tuvieron que correr como alma que lleva el diablo; run for your lives! sálvese quien pueda!; he was fighting for (his) life se debatía entre la vida y la muerte; to frighten o scare the life out of somebody darle* or pegarle* un susto mortal a alguien; (to have) the shock of one's life llevarse el susto de su (or mi etc) vida; she gave the performance of her life actuó como nunca; to risk life and limb arriesgar* la vida; to take one's life in one's hands jugarse* la vida; (before n) <member, pension, president> vitalicio; life force fuerza f vital; life imprisonment cadena f perpetua; life sentence condena f a perpetuidad or a cadena perpetua; his life story — la historia de su vida

2) u

a) ( vital force) vida f

it brings the history of this period to life — hace cobrar vida a este período de la historia

to bring somebody back to life — resucitar a alguien

to come to life — \<\<party\>\> animarse; \<\<puppet/doll\>\> cobrar vida

b) ( vitality) vida f, vitalidad f

to inject new life into something — revitalizar* algo

to be the life o (esp BrE) the life and soul of the party — ser* el alma de la fiesta

3) u ( lifestyle) vida f

married life — la vida de casado

this is the life (for me)! — esto sí que es vida!

to live the life of Riley — darse* la gran vida, vivir a cuerpo de rey

4) u ( living things) vida f

animal/plant life — vida animal/vegetal

5) u ( duration - of battery) duración f, vida f; (- of agreement) vigencia f

6) u ( imprisonment) (colloq) cadena f perpetua

he got life — lo condenaron a cadena perpetua

7) u ( Art)

to paint/draw from life — pintar/dibujar del natural

8) c ( biography) vida f

[laɪf]
1. N
(pl lives)
1) (=animate state) vida f

life on earth — la vida en la tierra

bird life — los pájaros

there is not much insect life here — aquí hay pocos insectos

plant life — vida f vegetal, las plantas fpl

• to bring sb back to life — resucitar or reanimar a algn

• a matter of life and death — cosa f de vida o muerte

I don't believe in life after death — no creo en la vida después de la muerte

• to risk life and limb — jugarse la vida

2) (=existence) vida f

the life of an ant — la vida de una hormiga

how's life? * — ¿cómo te va (la vida)?, ¿qué hubo? (Mex, Chile)

I do have a life outside of work, you know — yo hago otras cosas en mi vida aparte de trabajar ¿sabes?

• to begin life as... — empezar la vida como...

life begins at 40 — la vida comienza a los 40

• to depart this life — liter partir de esta vida

• in early/later life — en los años juveniles/maduras

• I can't for the life of me remember * — por más que lo intento no puedo recordar

I clung on for dear life — me agarré como si me fuera la vida en ello

she was fighting for her life — se debatía entre la vida y la muerte

run for your life! — ¡sálvese quien pueda!

to be on trial for one's life — ser acusado de un crimen capital

• you gave me the fright of my life! — ¡qué susto me diste!

• life goes on or must go on — la vida sigue

• to lay down one's life — dar su vida, entregar su vida

• to lose one's life — perder la vida

how many lives were lost? — ¿cuántas víctimas hubo?

three lives were lost — murieron tres

• never in my life — en mi vida

• in the next life — en el más allá, en la otra vida

• to have a life of its own — [object, machine] tener vida propia

• in real life — en la vida real

• to see life — ver mundo

• to spend one's life doing sth — pasar la vida haciendo algo

• to take sb's life — quitar la vida a algn

to take one's own life — quitarse la vida, suicidarse

you'll be taking your life in your hands if you climb up there — subir allí es jugarse la vida

• at my time of life — a mi edad, con los años que yo tengo

• his life won't be worth living — más le valdría morirse

it's more than my life's worth — sería jugarme la vida
bed 1., 4), private 3., save I, 1., 1)
3) (=way of living)

• country/ city life — la vida de la ciudad/del campo

• the good life — una vida agradable; (Rel) la vida santa

it's a good life — es una vida agradable

I've had a good life — la vida me ha tratado bien

• it's a hard life — la vida es muy dura

• to make a new life for o.s., to start a new life — comenzar una vida nueva

• to live one's own life — ser dueño de su propia vida

• to lead a quiet life — llevar una vida tranquila
Riley
4) (in exclamations)

• get a life! * — ¡espabílate y haz algo!

• (upon) my life! — † ¡Dios mío!

• not on your life! * — ¡ni hablar!

• such is life!, that's life! — ¡así es la vida!

• this is the life! — ¡esto sí que es vida!, ¡esto es jauja!

what a life! — (=bad) ¡qué vida esta!; (=good) ¡vaya vida!, ¡eso sí que es vivir bien!

5) (=liveliness) vida f

• his acting brought the character to life — su actuación dio vida al personaje

she brought the party to life — animó la fiesta

• to come to life — animarse

• to put or breathe new life into sth/sb — infundir nueva vida a algo/algn

you need to put a bit of life into it — tienes que ponerle un poco de garra

• the life and soul of the party — el alma de la fiesta

6) (=lifespan) [of person] vida f ; [of licence] vigencia f, validez f ; [of battery] vida f, duración f

during the life of this government — durante el mandato de este gobierno

• friends for life — amigos mpl para siempre

scarred for life — con una cicatriz de por vida

a job for life — un trabajo para toda la vida

these birds mate for life — estas aves tienen una sola pareja en su vida

• it was her life's work — fue el trabajo de toda su vida

7) * (=life imprisonment)

• to do life — cumplir una condena de cadena or reclusión perpetua

• to get life, be sentenced to life — ser condenado a cadena or reclusión perpetua

8) (Art)

• to paint from life — pintar del natural

• true to life — fiel a la realidad

9) (=biography) vida f

10) (US)
** [of prostitute]
she's in the life — hace la calle *, es una mujer de la vida

2.

CPD

life and death struggle N — lucha f a vida o muerte

life annuity N — pensión f or anualidad f vitalicia

life assurance N — seguro m de vida

life class N — (Art) clase f de dibujo al natural

life coach N — profesional encargado de mejorar la situación laboral y personal de sus clientes

life cycle N — ciclo m vital

life drawing N — dibujo m del natural

life expectancy N — esperanza f de vida

life force N — fuerza f vital

life form N — forma f de vida

Life Guards NPL — (Brit) (Mil) regimiento de caballería

life history N — [of person] (historia f de la) vida f ; hum, iro vida f y milagros * mpl

the life history of the salmon — (la historia de) la vida del salmón

life imprisonment N — cadena f perpetua

life insurance N — = life assurance

life interest N — usufructo m vitalicio

life jacket N — chaleco m salvavidas

life member N — miembro m vitalicio

life membership N —

to take out a life membership — inscribirse como miembro vitalicio or de por vida

life peer N — (Brit) (Parl) miembro de la Cámara de los Lores de carácter no hereditario

life preserver N — (Brit) cachiporra f ; (US) chaleco m salvavidas

life president N — presidente mf de por vida

life raft N — balsa f salvavidas

life sciences NPL — ciencias fpl de la vida

life sentence N — condena f a perpetuidad

life span N — [of person] vida f ; [of product] vida f útil

life story N — biografía f

life vest N — (US) chaleco m salvavidas

* * *
[laɪf]
noun (pl lives)

1) c u ( existence) vida f

it will last you for life — te durará toda la vida

maimed for life — lisiado de por vida

for the rest of my life — por el resto de mis días

early in life — en su (or mi, etc) juventud

in later life — más tarde or más adelante

at my time of life — a mi edad, con la edad que tengo

he began life as a car salesman — empezó vendiendo coches

the man/woman in your life — el hombre/la mujer de tu vida

to have the time of one's life — divertirse* como nunca or (fam) de lo lindo

to live life to the full — vivir la vida al máximo

to see life — ver* mundo

you can bet your life we'll be late! — (colloq) te apuesto lo que quieras a que llegamos tarde!

to lose one's life — perder* la vida

no lives were lost — no hubo muertos

to risk one's life — arriesgar* la vida

to save somebody's life — salvarle la vida a alguien

to take somebody's life — (frml) darle* muerte a alguien (frml)

to take one's (own) life — (frml) quitarse la vida (frml)

a matter of life and death — una cuestión de vida o muerte

as large as life — en carne y hueso

he couldn't darn a sock to save his life — no sería capaz de zurcir un calcetín ni aun si le fuera la vida en ello

larger than life: the characters are all larger than life todos los personajes son creaciones que desbordan la realidad; he was a larger-than-life character era un personaje exuberante; not for the life of one: I can't remember for the life of me no me puedo acordar por nada del mundo; not on your life! ni muerto!; to cling/hold on for dear life aferrarse/agarrarse desesperadamente; to fight/run for one's life: they had to run for their lives tuvieron que correr como alma que lleva el diablo; run for your lives! sálvese quien pueda!; he was fighting for (his) life se debatía entre la vida y la muerte; to frighten o scare the life out of somebody darle* or pegarle* un susto mortal a alguien; (to have) the shock of one's life llevarse el susto de su (or mi etc) vida; she gave the performance of her life actuó como nunca; to risk life and limb arriesgar* la vida; to take one's life in one's hands jugarse* la vida; (before n) <member, pension, president> vitalicio; life force fuerza f vital; life imprisonment cadena f perpetua; life sentence condena f a perpetuidad or a cadena perpetua; his life story — la historia de su vida

2) u

a) ( vital force) vida f

it brings the history of this period to life — hace cobrar vida a este período de la historia

to bring somebody back to life — resucitar a alguien

to come to life — \<\<party\>\> animarse; \<\<puppet/doll\>\> cobrar vida

b) ( vitality) vida f, vitalidad f

to inject new life into something — revitalizar* algo

to be the life o (esp BrE) the life and soul of the party — ser* el alma de la fiesta

3) u ( lifestyle) vida f

married life — la vida de casado

this is the life (for me)! — esto sí que es vida!

to live the life of Riley — darse* la gran vida, vivir a cuerpo de rey

4) u ( living things) vida f

animal/plant life — vida animal/vegetal

5) u ( duration - of battery) duración f, vida f; (- of agreement) vigencia f

6) u ( imprisonment) (colloq) cadena f perpetua

he got life — lo condenaron a cadena perpetua

7) u ( Art)

to paint/draw from life — pintar/dibujar del natural

8) c ( biography) vida f

English-spanish dictionary > life
107 propio

adj.

1 own.

2 one's own.

3 very, same, self-same, selfsame.

4 proper, right on.

5 of one's own, of my own, of our own, of his own.

* * *

propio

► adjetivo

1 (de nuestra propiedad) own

■ lo pagué de mi propio bolsillo I paid for it out of my own pocket

■ me lo quitaron ante mis propias narices they took it from right under my nose

2 (indicado) proper, appropriate

■ lo propio sería mandar una carta de agradecimiento the proper thing to do would be to send a thank-you letter

3 (característico) typical

■ es muy propio de él it's very typical of him

4 (mismo - él) himself; (- ella) herself; (- cosa, animal) itself; (- en plural) themselves

■ el propio profesor no sabía la respuesta the teacher himself didn't know the answer

* * *

(f. - propia)

adj.

1) own

2) typical

3) self

* * *

1. ADJ

1) [uso enfático]

a) [con posesivos] own

salió del hospital por su propio pie — he left the hospital on his own two feet

lo vi con mis propios ojos — I saw it with my own eyes

- en mis propias narices

b) (=mismo)

me lo ha dicho el propio ministro — the minister himself told me so

la solicitud debe ser firmada por el propio interesado — the application must be signed by the applicant himself

• hacer lo propio — to do the same, follow suit

se marchó sin decir nada y pretendía que nosotros hiciéramos lo propio — he left without a word and wanted us to do the same o follow suit

yo haría lo propio que tú — I'd do the same as you

• al propio tiempo — at the same time

están subiendo los impuestos al propio tiempo que baja la inflación — they are raising taxes at the same time as inflation is going down

la novela es al propio tiempo romántica y dinámica — the novel is both romantic and fast-moving at the same time

c)

• al propio — CAm on purpose

• de propio — especially

2) [indicando posesión] own

¿tiene coche propio? — do you have your own car?

esos rizos parecen propios — those curls look as if they are your own

lo hizo en defensa propia — he did it in self-defence

hablo en nombre propio y en el de mis compañeros — I speak for myself and my colleagues

3) (=característico)

• propio de algo/algn — typical of sth/sb

una bebida propia del país — a drink typical of the country

este sol es más propio de un país mediterráneo — this sunshine is more typical of a Mediterranean country

ese gesto era muy propio de él — that gesture was very like him o very typical of him

fruta propia del tiempo — seasonal fruit

preguntas propias de un niño — questions that a child would ask

4) (=inconfundible) all (of) its own

este perfume tiene un olor muy propio — this perfume has a scent all (of) its own

5) (=adecuado) suitable

recibieron al rey con los honores que le son propios — they received the king with the honours which are his due o with all suitable honours

• propio para algo — suitable for sth

esa corbata no es muy propia para la ocasión — that tie is not very suitable for the occasion

no es lugar propio para este tipo de comportamiento — this is not the place for that sort of behaviour

6) (=correcto) strict, true

utiliza las palabras en sentido propio — he uses the words in their strict o true sense

7) Esp
* (=parecido)
las manzanas están tan propias que dan ganas de comérselas — the apples look so real that you want to eat them

has salido muy propio en ese retrato — that portrait of you is a good likeness, that portrait looks really like you

8) esp Méx, CAm

- con su permiso -propio — "excuse me" - "certainly"

2. SM

1) (=mensajero) messenger

2)

• propios y extraños — all and sundry

su triunfo sorprendió a propios y extraños — her victory surprised all and sundry

* * *

- pia adjetivo

1)

a) ( indicando posesión) own

tienen piscina propia — they have their own swimming pool

¿tu piso es propio o alquilado? — do you own your flat or is it rented?

b) (delante del n) ( uso enfático) own

salió de la clínica por su propio pie — she walked out of the clinic

lo vi con mis propios ojos — I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes

c) ( no postizo) real

d) ( de uno mismo)

lo hace todo en beneficio propio — everything he does is for selfish reasons

2) (característico, típico)

propio DE algo/alguien: esa actitud es muy propio de él that kind of attitude is very typical of him; costumbres propias de los países orientales — customs characteristic of oriental countries

3)

propio PARA algo — (adecuado, idóneo) suitable for something

es un vestido muy propio para la ocasión — the dress is just right for the occasion

4) (delante del n) ( mismo)

fue el propio presidente — it was the president himself

debe ser el propio interesado quien lo pida — it must be the person concerned who makes the request

el propio Juan se llevó una sorpresa — even Juan himself got a surprise

* * *

- pia adjetivo

1)

a) ( indicando posesión) own

tienen piscina propia — they have their own swimming pool

¿tu piso es propio o alquilado? — do you own your flat or is it rented?

b) (delante del n) ( uso enfático) own

salió de la clínica por su propio pie — she walked out of the clinic

lo vi con mis propios ojos — I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes

c) ( no postizo) real

d) ( de uno mismo)

lo hace todo en beneficio propio — everything he does is for selfish reasons

2) (característico, típico)

propio DE algo/alguien: esa actitud es muy propio de él that kind of attitude is very typical of him; costumbres propias de los países orientales — customs characteristic of oriental countries

3)

propio PARA algo — (adecuado, idóneo) suitable for something

es un vestido muy propio para la ocasión — the dress is just right for the occasion

4) (delante del n) ( mismo)

fue el propio presidente — it was the president himself

debe ser el propio interesado quien lo pida — it must be the person concerned who makes the request

el propio Juan se llevó una sorpresa — even Juan himself got a surprise

* * *

propio¹

¹ = home-grown [home grown/homegrown], of its own, own, of + Posesivo + own, self, distinctive.

Nota: Que destaca por algún motivo.

Ex: Most media centers have not used AACR in the past but have followed their own home-grown rules.

Ex: The document has no title of its own.

Ex: The command function 'OWN' serves to use a system's own command when the general system, in this case EURONET, does not cater for a specialised function available on a particular system.

Ex: There is also a scheme afoot to help services create specialized data bases of their own using ECLAS norms.

Ex: In the public library grand tradition this was patently the self image of the educated middle class.

Ex: In addition to main or added entries under titles added entries are often also made in respect of distinctive series titles.

* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* al propio ritmo de Uno = in + Posesivo + own time, at + Posesivo + own pace.

* amor propio = self-esteem [self esteem], pride.

* ante + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.

* aprender a su propio ritmo = learn at + Posesivo + own pace.

* asuntos propios = personal business.

* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.

* bar que elabora su propia cerveza = brew pub.

* característica propia = trademark.

* cavarse su propia tumba = another nail in + Posesivo + coffin.

* con financiación propia = self-funded.

* con sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own words.

* contar + Posesivo + propia vida y milagros = spill + Posesivo + guts.

* decidir por cuenta propia = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* defensa propia = self-defence [self-defense, -USA].

* delante de + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.

* de la propia comunidad = community-owned.

* de la propia empresa = company-owned.

* demasiado + Adjetivo + para su propio bien = too + Adjetivo + for + Posesivo + own good.

* de + Posesivo + propia boca = straight from the horse's mouth.

* de propia cosecha = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* dinero propio = private means.

* en beneficio propio = to + Posesivo + advantage.

* encontrar su propio modo de actuar = find + Posesivo + own way.

* en el propio campus universitario = campus-based.

* en el propio cortijo = on-farm.

* en la propia finca = on-farm.

* en la propia granja = on-farm.

* en la propia habitación = ensuite.

* en las propias palabras de uno mismo = in + Posesivo + own words.

* en + Posesivo + propio beneficio = to + Posesivo + advantage.

* hacer Algo por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = make + Posesivo + own arrangements.

* hecho por la propia biblioteca = in-house [inhouse].

* hundirse por su propio peso = sink under + its own weight.

* material editado por el propio autor = self-published material.

* montar + Posesivo + propio negocio = set + Reflexivo + up in business.

* muy propio = highly distinctive.

* nombre propio = forename, proper name.

* organizar Algo por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = make + Posesivo + own arrangements.

* pagarse + Posesivo + propios gastos = pay + Posesivo + own way.

* para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.

* patrocinado por la propia empresa = company-sponsored.

* persona de la propia empresa = insider.

* por cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* por elección propia = by choice.

* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.

* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.

* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.

* promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.

* propio de = germane to.

* propio de espías = cloak-and-dagger.

* propio del sistema = built-in.

* propio de niña = girlish.

* propio de niño = boyish.

* propio de un caballero = gentlemanlike.

* propio estilo = house style.

* propios ingresos = earned income.

* que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.

* recogida en su propia puerta = kerbside collection, curbside collection.

* restablecer + Posesivo + propia identidad = re-establish + Posesivo + own identity.

* revista editada por la propia institución = house journal.

* según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms.

* según sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own terms.

* sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.

* ser la propia responsabilidad de Alguien = be of + Posesivo + own making.

* ser propio de = be proper of.

* tirar piedras contra tu propio tejado = cut + the branch + you sit on, cut off + Posesivo + nose to spite + Posesivo + face.

* tirarse piedras contra el propio tejado = shoot + Reflexivo + in the foot.

* todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.

* tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de asuntos propios = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.

* tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off work.

* trabajar al propio ritmo de Uno = work at + Posesivo + own pace.

* tragarse el amor propio = swallow + Posesivo + pride.

* uso público en la propia biblioteca = in-library use.

* vencer a Alguien en su propio terreno = beat + Nombre + at + Posesivo + own game.

propio²

² = proper, beffiting.

Ex: With proper authorization, you may request information about the status of the copies displayed.

Ex: Since I write in English I should really refer to the city as Florence, but Firenze is such a phonically beautiful sounding word, far more befitting of the beautiful Italian city.

* * *

propio¹ - pia

adjective

A

1 (indicando posesión) own

se necesita viajante con vehículo propio salesman with own car required

tienen piscina propia they have their own swimming pool

2 ( delante del n) (uso enfático) own

tengo mis propios problemas I've got problems of my own, I've got my own problems

salió de la clínica por su propio pie she walked out of the clinic, she left the clinic under her own steam

lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes

3

(verdadero, no artificial): la barba parece propia his beard looks real

no es permanente, los rizos son propios it's not a perm, her hair is naturally curly

B (característico, típico) propio DE algo/algn:

es una enfermedad propia de la edad it's a common illness in older people o among the elderly

ese desdén es muy propio de él that kind of disdainful attitude is very typical of him

son costumbres propias de los países orientales these are characteristic customs of oriental countries

su comportamiento es propio de un loco he behaves like a madman, his behavior is fitting of o befits a madman ( liter)

C propio PARA algo (adecuado, idóneo) suitable FOR sth

es un vestido muy propio para la ocasión it's a very suitable dress for the occasion, the dress is just right for the occasion

este no es lugar propio para una conversación seria this is not a suitable o an appropriate o the right place for a serious conversation

D

1 ( delante del n)

(mismo): fue el propio presidente it was the president himself

debe ser el propio interesado quien lo pida it must be the person concerned who makes the request

el propio Juan se llevó una sorpresa even Juan himself got a surprise

2

lo propio the same

el presidente abandonó la sala y minutos después hizo lo propio el vicepresidente the president left the room and minutes later the vice president did the same

propio²

masculine

( Esp)

messenger

propios y extraños all and sundry

* * *

propio
◊ - pia adjetivo

1
a) ( indicando posesión) own;

◊ ¿es propio o alquilado? is it your own or is it rented?;

tienen piscina propia they have their own swimming pool
b) ( de uno mismo) own;

◊ por tu propio bien for your own good;

todo lo hace en beneficio propio everything he does is for his own gain;
lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes
2 (característico, típico):
◊ esa actitud es muy propia de él that kind of attitude is very typical of him;

una enfermedad propia de la vejez an illness common among old people;
no es un comportamiento propio de una señorita it's not ladylike behaviour
3 ( delante del n) ( mismo):
◊ fue el propio presidente it was the president himself;

debe ser el propio interesado quien lo pida it must be the person concerned who makes the request
propio,-a adjetivo
1 (posesión) own: tiene su propio apartamento, he has his own apartment
2 (adecuado) suitable, appropriate: ese vestido no es propio para la fiesta, that dress is not suitable for the party
3 (característico) typical, peculiar
el clima propio de la región, the typical weather for the area
4 (intensificador) (hombre) himself
(mujer) herself
(animal, cosa) itself: se lo dijo el propio presidente, the President himself told her so
' propio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bolsillo
- cacarear
- chalet
- comodidad
- femenina
- femenino
- gustar
- infantil
- masculina
- masculino
- monte
- peculiar
- propia
- provecho
- vileza
- amor
- campo
- correspondiente
- fray
- hispanismo
- interés
- pie
- santo
- tiempo
English:
benefit
- brain
- epitaph
- grind
- higher-up
- homegrown
- interest
- ladylike
- nourish
- ostracize
- own
- private
- proper noun
- right
- self-esteem
- self-respect
- sisterly
- specific
- transport
- very
- disown
- drive-in
- ego
- for
- proper
- purpose
- sake
- self

* * *

propio, -a

♦ adj

1. [en propiedad] own;

tiene coche propio she has a car of her own, she has her own car;

se requiere vehículo propio [en anuncio laboral] own car required

2. [de la misma persona]
lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own eyes;

me lo dijo en mi propia cara he said it to my face;

actuó en defensa propia she acted in self-defence;

por tu propio bien for your own good

3. [peculiar]
propio de typical o characteristic of;

el monzón es propio de esta época the monsoon is characteristic of this season;

es muy propio de él llegar tarde it's absolutely typical of him to arrive late;

no es propio de él it's not like him

4. [adecuado] suitable, right ( para for);
recitó un poema propio para la ocasión she recited a suitable poem for the occasion

5. [correcto] proper, true

6. [en persona] himself, f herself;

el propio compositor the composer himself

7. [semejante] true to life;

en ese retrato quedaste muy propio that portrait is a very good likeness of you

8. Gram proper

9.
lo propio [lo mismo] the same;

Elena se retiró a descansar y su compañero hizo lo propio Elena went to have a rest and her companion did the same

♦ nmpl

a propios y extraños all and sundry;

con su victoria sorprendió a propios y extraños his victory surprised everyone

♦ de propio loc adv
[expresamente]
fui de propio a la ciudad para verla I went to the city just to see her

* * *

propio

adj

1 (de uno mismo) own

2 ( característico) characteristic (de of), typical (de of)

3 ( adecuado) suitable ( para for);

hacer lo propio do the right o appropriate thing

4

:

la propia directora the director herself

* * *

propio, - pia adj

1) : own

su propia casa: his own house

sus recursos propios: their own resources

2) apropiado: appropriate, suitable

3) característico: characteristic, typical

4) mismo: oneself

el propio director: the director himself

* * *

propio adj

1. (que pertenece) own

tengo mi propio coche I've got my own car

2. (mismo) himself / herself

el propio príncipe the prince himself

3. (característico) normal

el calor es propio del verano hot weather is normal in summer

Spanish-English dictionary > propio
108 EIGA

possess

* * *

I)

(á, átta, áttr), v.

1) to own, possess (Starkaðr átti hest góðan);

2) to have (eiga börn, föður, móður, vin);

eiga konu, to have her for wife;

hann átti Gró, he was married to G.;

hann gekk at eiga Þóru, he took Th. for his wife, he married Th.;

enga vil ek þessa eiga, I will not marry any of these;

eiga heima, to have a home, to live (þeir áttu heima austr í Mörk);

eiga sér e-t = eiga e-t (Höskuldr átti sér dóttur, er Hallgerðr hét);

eiga ván e-s, to have hope of a thing, to reckon upon;

eiga hlut at or í e-u, to have a share in a thing, to be concerned in;

eiga vald á e-u, to have within one’s power;

3) to be under obligation, be obliged, have to do a thing;

tólf menn, þeir er fylgð áttu með konungi, who were bound to attend the king’s person;

á ek þar fyrir at sjá, I am bound (I have) to see to that;

átti Hrútr för í Vestfjorðu, H. had to go to the V.;

4) to have a right (claim) to, be entitled to (eiga högg ok höfn í skóginum);

eiga mál í e-m, to have a charge against one;

eiga rétt á sér, to have a (personal) claim to redress;

5) to keep, hold;

eiga fund, þing, samkvámu, stefnu, to hold a meeting;

eiga kaupstefnu, to hod a market;

eiga orrustu við e-n, to fight a battle with one;

eiga högg við e-n, to exchange blows with one;

eiga illt við e-n, to quarrel with;

eiga tal (or mál) við e-n, to speak, converse with one;

6) as an auxiliary with pp. = hafa (þat er við áttum mælt);

eiga skilit, to have stipulated;

7) to have to (skal Þ. eigi at því eiga at spotta);

eiga hendr sínar it verja, to have to act in self-defence;

eiga um vandræði at halda, to be in a strait;

8) eiga e-m e-t, to owe to one (mun æ, hvat þú átt þeim er veitir);

9) to be the person denoted by a thing;

þat muntu ætla, at ek mun eiga hinn bleika uxann, that the fawn-coloured ox means me;

10) with preps.:

eiga e-t at e-m, to have something due from one, to expect from one (þat vil ek eiga at þér, at þú segir mér frá ferð þinni);

to deserve from one (ok á ek annat at þér);

þeir er mikit þóttust at sér eiga, had much in their power;

eiga e-t eptir, to have to do yet, to have left undone (þat áttu eptir, er erfiðast er, en þat er at deyja);

to leave behind one (andaðist ok átti eptir tvá sonu vaxna);

eiga e-t saman, to own in common;

eiga skap saman, to agree well, be of one mind;

eigi veit ek, hvárt við eigum heill saman, whether we shall live happy together;

eiga saman, to quarrel, = eiga deild saman;

eiga um við e-n, to have to deal with (við brögðótta áttu nú um);

þar sem við vini mína er um at eiga, where my friends are concerned;

eiga e-t undir e-m, to have in another’s hands;

Njáll átti mikit fé undir Starkaði ok í Sandgili, N. had much money out at interest with St. and at Sandgil, er sá eigi vel staddr, er líf sitt á undir þinum trúnaði, whose life depends on thy good faith;

eiga mikit (lítit) undir sér, to have much (little) in one’s power;

far þú við marga menn, svá at þú eigir allt undir þér, that the whole matter rests in thy own hands;

hann sá, at hann átti ekki undir sér, that he had no influence;

eiga við e-n, to have to do with, fight with (brátt fundu þeir, at þeir áttu þar ekki við sinn maka);

ekki á ek þetta við þik, this is no business between thee and me;

eiga gott (illt) við e-n, to be on good (bad) terms with one;

eiga við konu, to have intercourse with, = eiga lag (samræði) við konu;

recipr., eigast við, to deal with one another; fight, quarrel;

eigast við deildir, to be engaged in strife;

áttust þeir höggvaskipti við, they exchanged blows with one another.

II)

f.

1) possession;

kasta sinni eigu, leggja sína eigu, í e-t, to take possession of;

2) property.

* * *

pret. átti; pret. subj. ætti, pres. eigi; pres. ind. á, 2nd pers. átt (irreg. eigr, Dipl. v. 24), pl. eigum, 3rd pers. pl. old form eigu, mod. eiga; imperat. eig and eigðu; sup. átt; with suffixed neg. pres. ind. 1st pers. á’k-at, 2nd pers. átt-attu; pret. subj. ættim-a: [Gr. ἔχω; Goth. aigan; A. S. âgan; Hel. êgan; O. H. G. eigan; Swed. äga; Dan. eje; Engl. to owe and own, of which the former etymologically answers to ‘eiga,’ the latter to ‘eigna’]:—to have, possess.

A. ACT.

I. denoting ownership, to possess:

1. in a proper sense; allt þat góz sem þeir eiga eðr eigandi verða, D. N. i. 80; hann eigr hálfa jörðina, Dipl. v. 24; Björn hljóp þá á skútu er hann átti, Eb. 6; Starkaðr átti hest góðan, Nj. 89; þau áttu gnótt í búi, 257; hón á allan arf eptir mik, 3; átti hón auð fjár, Ld. 20; ef annarr maðr ferr með goðorð en sá er á, Grág. i. 159; annat vápnit, ok á þat Þorbjörn, en Þorgautr á þetta, Ísl. ii. 341; eignir þær er faðir hans hafði átt, Eb. 4; í ríki því er Dana konungar höfðu átt þar lengi, Fms. xi. 301, Rb. 494, Eb. 54, 118, 256, 328, Sturl. ii. 60, Eg. 118; e. saman, to own in common, Grág. i. 199; ef tveir menn eigo bú saman, ii. 44; e. skuld (at e-m), to be in debt, Engl. to owe; en ef hann átti engar skuldir, if he owed no debts, i. 128; þar til átti honum ( owed him) meistari Þorgeirr ok þá mörk, D. N. iv. 288 (Fr.); e. fé undir e-m, to be one’s creditor, Nj. 101; in mod. usage, e. fé hjá e-m, or ellipt., e. hjá e-m.

2. in a special sense;

α. eiga konu, to have her to wife; hann átti Gró, Eb. 16; hann átti Ynghvildi, 3; Þorgerðr er (acc.) átti Vigfúss, … Geirríðr er (acc.) átti Þórólfr, 18; hann gékk at eiga Þóru, he married Thora, id.; Þuríði hafði hann áðr átta, Thorida had been his first wife, 42; enga vil ek þessa e., I will not marry any of these, Nj. 22; Björn átti þá konu er Valgerðr hét, 213, 257; faðir Hróðnýjar er átti Þorsteinn, Landn. 90; Ásdísi átti síðar Skúli, S. was A.’s second husband, 88; Þorgerðr er átti Önundr sjóni, 89; Vigdís er átti Þorbjörn enn digri, 87; Árnþrúðr er átti Þórir hersir, 66; Húngerð er átti Svertingr, 6l, 86, and in numberless passages: old writers hardly ever say that the wife owns her husband—the passages in Edda 109 (vide elja) and Nj. 52 (til lítils kemr mér at eiga hinn vaskasta mann á Íslandi) are extraordinary—owing to the primitive notion of the husband’s ‘jus possessionis’ (cp. brúðkaup); but in mod. usage ‘eiga’ is used indiscriminately of both wife and husband; Icel. even say, in a recipr. sense, eigast, to own one another, to be married: þau áttust, they married; hann vildi ekki at þau ættist, hann bannaði þeim að eigast, he forbade them to marry:—to the ancients such a phrase was almost unknown, and occurs for the first time in K. Á. 114.

β. eiga börn, to have children, of both parents; áttu þau Jófriðr tíu börn, J. and her husband had ten bairns, Eg. 708; hann átti dóttur eina er Unnr hét, Nj. 1; þau Þorsteinn ok Unnr áttu son er Steinn hét, Eb. 10, Nj. 91, 257; áttu þau Þórhildr þrjá sonu, 30; e. móður, föður, to have a mother, father, Eb. 98; vænti ek ok, at þú eigir illan föður, id.

γ. the phrase, e. heima, to have a home; þeir áttu heima austr í Mörk, Nj. 55; því at ek tek eigi heim í kveld, þar sem ek á heima út á Íslandi, 275; in mod. usage = to live, abide, in regard to place, cp. the questions put to a stranger, hvað heitir maðrinn? hvar áttu heima? used in a wider sense than búa.

δ. eiga sér, to have, cp. ‘havde sig’ in Dan. ballads; Höskuldr átti sér dóttur er Hallgerðr hét, Nj. 3; ef hann á sér í vá veru, Hm. 25, (freq. in mod. use.)

3. without strict notion of possession; e. vini, óvini, to have friends, enemies, Nj. 101; hverja liðveizlu skal ek þar e. er þú ert, what help can I reckon upon from thee? 100; e. ván e-s, to have hope of a thing, to reckon upon, 210; e. til, to have left; ekki eigu it annat til ( there is nothing left for you) nema at biðja postulann. Jóh. 623. 22: in mod. usage e. til means to own, to have left; hann á ekkert til, he is void of means, needy; eiga góða kosti fjár, to be in good circumstances, Ísl. ii. 322; e. vald á e-u, to have within one’s power, Nj. 265; the phrase, e. hlut at e-u, or e. hlut í e-u, to have a share, be concerned with; eptir þat átti hann hlut at við mótstöðumenn Gunnars, 101, 120; þar er þú ættir hlut at, where thou wast concerned, 119; mik uggir at hér muni eigi gæfu-menn hlut í e., 179: hence ellipt., e. í e-u, to be engaged in, chiefly of strife, adversity, or the like; thus, e. í stríði, fátaekt, baráttu, to live, be deep in struggle, want, battle, etc.

II. denoting duty, right, due, obligation:

1. to be bound, etc.; þeir menn er fylgð áttu með konungi, the men who owed following to (i. e. were bound to attend) the king’s person, Fms. vii. 240; á ek þar fyrir at sjá, I am bound to see to that, Eg. 318; Tylptar-kviðr átti um at skilja, Eb. 48; þeir spurðu hvárt Njáli þætti nokkut e. at lýsa vígsök Gunnars, Nj. 117; nú áttu, Sigvaldi, now is thy turn, now ought thou, Fms. xi. 109, Fs. 121; menn eigu ( men ought) at spyrja at þingfesti, Grág. i. 19; þá á þann kvið einskis meta, that verdict ought to be void, 59; ef sá maðr á ( owns) fé út hér er ómagann á ( who ought) fram at færa, 270; nú hafa þeir menn jammarga sem þeir eigu, as many as they ought to have, ii. 270; tíunda á maðr fé sitt, … þá á hann þat at tíunda, … þá á hann at gefa sálugjafir, i. 202:—‘eiga’ and ‘skal’ are often in the law used indiscriminately, but properly ‘ought’ states the moral, ‘shall’ the legal obligation,—elska skalt þú föður þinn og móður, þú skalt ekki stela, where ‘átt’ would be misplaced; sometimes it is merely permissive, gefa á maðr vingjafir at sér lifanda, ef hann vill, a man ‘may’ whilst in life bequeath to his friends, if he will, id.; maðr á at gefa barni sínu laungetnu tólf aura, ef hann vill, fyrir ráð skaparfa sinna, en eigi meira nema erfingjar lofi, a man ‘may’ bequeath to the amount of twelve ounces to his illegitimate child without leave of the lawful heir, etc., 203; ef þat á til at vilja, if that is to happen, Fas. i. 11.

2. denoting claim, right, to own, be entitled to, chiefly in law phrases; e. dóm, sakir, to own the case, i. e. be the lawful prosecutor; ok á sá þeirra sakir, er …, Grág. i. 10; eðr eigu þeir eigi at lögum, or if they be not entitled to it, 94; e. mál á e-m, to have a charge against one, Nj. 105; e. rétt á e-u, to own a right; sá sem rétt á á henni, who has a right to her, K. Á. 16; þeir sögðu at þeim þótti slíkr maðr mikinn rétt á sér e., such a man had a strong personal claim to redress, Nj. 105; hence the phrase, eiga öngan rétt á sér, if one cannot claim redress for personal injury; þá eigu þeir eigi rétt á sér, then they have no claim to redress whatever, Grág. i. 261; e. sök, saka-staði á e-u, to have a charge against; þat er hann átti öngva sök á, Nj. 130; saka-staði þá er hann þótti á eiga, 166; kalla Vermund eigi ( not) eiga at selja sik, said V. had no right to sell them, Eb. 116: hence in mod. usage, eiga denotes what is fit and right, þú átt ekki að göra það, you ought not; eg ætti ekki, I ought not: in old writers eiga is seldom strictly used in this sense, but denotes the legal rather than the moral right.

β. eiga fé at e-m (mod. e. hjá e-m), to be one’s creditor, Grág. i. 90, 405, Band. 1 C: metaph. to deserve from one, ok áttu annat at mér, Nj. 113; e. gjafir at e-m, 213; in a bad sense, kváðusk mikit e. at Þráni, they had much against Thrain, 138.

γ. the law phrase, e. útkvæmt, fært, to have the right to return, of a temporary exile, Nj. 251: at hann skyli eigi e. fært út hingat, Grág. i. 119; ok á eigi þingreitt, is not allowed to go to the parliament, ii. 17; e. vígt, Grág., etc.

III. denoting dealings or transactions between men (in a meeting, fight, trade, or the like), to keep, hold; þætti mér ráðliga at vér ættim einn fimtardóm, Nj. 150; e. orrustu við e-n, to fight a battle, Fms. i. 5, Eg. 7; e. högg við e-n, to exchange blows, 297; e. vápna-viðskipti, id., Fms. ii. 17; eiga handsöl at e-u, to shake hands, make a bargain, x. 248; e. ráð við e-n, to consult, hold a conference with, Nj. 127; e. tal við e-n, to speak, converse with one, 129; e. mál við e-n, id., Grág. i. 10; e. fund, to hold a meeting, Nj. 158; e. þing, samkvámu, stefnu, to hold a meeting, Eg. 271; þetta haust áttu menn rétt (a kind of meeting) fjölmenna, Eb. 106; e. kaupstefnu, to hold a market, exchange, 56; e. féránsdóm, Grág. i. 94; e. gott saman, to live well together, in peace and goodwill, Ld. 38; e. illt við e-n, to deal ill with, quarrel with, Nj. 98; e. búisifjar, q. v., of intercourse with neighbours, Njarð. 366; e. drykkju við e-n, to be one’s ‘cup-mate,’ Eg. 253; e. við e-n, to deal with one; ekki á ek þetta við þik, this is no business between thee and me, Nj. 93; gott vilda ek við alla menn e., I would live in goodwill with all, 47; e. við e-n, to fight one; eigum vér ekki við þá elligar (in a hostile sense), else let us not provoke them, 42; eðr hvárt vili it Helgi e. við Lýting einn eðr bræðr hans báða, 154; brátt fundu þeir, at þeir áttu þar eigi við sinn maka, Ld. 64; Glúmr kvað hann ekki þurfa at e. við sik, G. said he had no need to meddle with him, Glúm. 338; e. um að vera, to be concerned; ekki er við menn um at e., Nj. 97; þar sem við vini mína er um at e., where my friends are concerned, 52; við færi er þá um at e., ef Kári er einn, there are fewer to deal with, to fight, if K. be alone, 254; við brögðótta áttu nú um, Fms. v. 263; ætla ek at oss mun léttara falla at e. um við Svein einn, iv. 80; Sveinn svarar, at þeir áttu við ofrefli um at e., that they had to deal with odds, 165.

β. almost as an auxiliary verb; e. skilt (skilit), to have stipulated; hafa gripina svá sem hann átti skill, Fms. vi. 160; þat átta ek skilit við þik, ii. 93; sem Hrani átti skilt, iv. 31; e. mælt, of oral agreement; sem vit áttum mælt með okkr, xi. 40; þá vil ek þat mælt e., 124: in mod. usage e. skilit means to deserve, eg á ekki þetta skilit af hér, etc.

γ. sometimes used much like geta; við því átti Búi eigi gert, B. could not guard against that, Fms. i. 117, cp. xi. 109:—also, e. bágt, to be in a strait, poor, sickly; e. heimilt, to have at one’s disposal, Eb. 254.

IV. to have to do; skal Þorleifr eigi ( not) e. at því at spotta, Eb. 224; e. hendr sínar at verja, to have to defend one’s own hands, to act in self-defence, Nj. 47; e. e-m varlaunað, to stand in debt to one, 181; e. um vandræði at halda, to be in a strait, Eb. 108; e. erindi, to have an errand to run, 250; en er þeir áttu um þetta at tala, when they had to talk, were talking, of this, Stj. 391; e. ríkis at gæta, to have the care of the kingdom, Nj. 126; en þó á ek hverki at telja við þik mægðir né frændsemi, i. e. I am no relation to thee, 213; ok ætti þeir við annan at deila fyrst, 111; e. mikið at vinna, to be much engaged, hard at work, 97; e. e-t eptir, to have left a thing undone, 56; e. för, ferð, to have a journey to take, 11, 12; hann átti þar fé at heimta, 261; e. eptir mikit at mæla, 88.

2. metaph. in the phrases, e. mikit (lítið) ‘at’ ser, or ‘undir’ sér, to have much (or little) in one’s power; margir menn, þeir er mikit þóttusk at sér e., Sturl. i. 64; far þú við marga menn, svá at þú eigir allt undir þér, go with many men, so that thou hast the whole matter in thy hands, Ld. 250; en ávalt átta ek nokkuð undir mér, Vígl. 33; kann vera at hann eigi mikit undir sér, Fas. i. 37; eigum heldr undir oss ( better keep it in our own hands), en ganga í greipar þeim mæðginum, Fs. 37; sem þeir, er ekki eigu undir sér, who are helpless and weak, Þorst. St. 55; e. þykisk hann nokkut undir sér, i. e. he bears himself very proudly, Grett. 122; þetta ráð vil ek undir sonum mínum e., I will leave the matter in my sons’ hands, Valla L. 202; e. líf sitt undir e-m, to have one’s life in another’s hands, Grett. 154; mun ek nú senda eptir mönnum, ok e. eigi undir ójöfnuði hans, and trust him not, 110: hence in mod. usage, e. undir e-u, to risk; eg þori ekki að e. undir því, I dare not risk it: e. saman, to have or own in common; the saying, það á ekki saman nema nafnið, it has nothing but the name in common; rautt gull ok bleikt gull á ekki saman nema nafn eitt, Fms. v. 346: the proverb, þeygi á saman gamalt og ungt, Úlf. 3. 44; e. skap saman, to agree well; kemr þú þér því vel við Hallgerði, at it eigit meir skap saman, you are quite of one mind, Nj. 66; eigi veit ek hvárt við eigum heill saman, I know not whether we shall have luck, i. e. whether we shall live happy, together, 3.

β. to deal with one another (sam-eign); er vér skulum svá miklu úgæfu saman e., that we are to have so much mischief between us, Nj. 201; e. e-t yfir höfði, to have a thing hanging over one’s head, Sks. 742.

V. to agree with, to fit, to suit one:

1. with acc., það á ekki við mig, it suits me not, it agrees not with me.

2. with dat., medic. to agree, heal, the sickness in dat., thus the proverb, margt á við mörgu, cp. ‘similia similibus curantur,’ Vidal. ii. 109.

3. absol. to apply to; at hann skyldi eigi trúa lágum manni rauðskeggjuðum, því at meistarinn átti þetta, the description suited to the master, Fms. xi. 433; þat muntu ætla, at ek muna e. hinn bleika uxann, that the dun ox means me, Vápn. 21.

B. REFLEX., in a reciprocal sense, in the phrase, eigask við, to deal with one another, chiefly to fight; en er þeir höfðu langa hríð við átzk, when they had fought a long time, Eb. 238, 74; eigask við deildir, to be engaged in strife, 246; áttusk þeir höggva-viðskipti við, they came to a close fight, Fms. i. 38; áttusk þeir fá högg við, áðr …, they had a short fight before …, Eg. 297; fátt áttusk þeir við Þjóstólfr ok Þorvaldr, Thostolf and Thorwald had little to do with one another, kept aloof from each other, Nj. 18; var nú kyrt þann dag, svá at þeir áttusk ekki við, tbat day passed quietly, so that they came not to a quarrel, 222.

β. to marry, vide above (A. I. 2).

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > EIGA
109 παρά

παρά (Hom.+. On elision s. B-D-F §17; Rob. 208) prep. w. three cases (Kühner-G. §440; Schwyzer II 491–98; B-D-F §236–38; Rob. 612–16. Further lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.; also HRau, De praepositionis παρά usu: GCurtius, Studien etc. III 1870).

A. W. gen., which nearly always as in Hom., Hdt., Pla., X. et al. denotes a pers., and indicates that someth. proceeds fr. this pers. (Hs 2:3 is an exception):

① marker of extension from the side of, from (the side of) w. local sense preserved, used w. verbs of coming, going, sending, originating, going out, etc. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4] παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως ἀπεστάλην; Lucian, Demon. 13 ἀπιὼν παρʼ αὐτοῦ) ἐκπορεύεσθαι J 15:26b. ἐξέρχεσθαι 16:27; 17:8; Lk 2:1; 6:19. ἔρχεσθαι 8:49. παραγίνεσθαι Mk 14:43. πέμπειν τινὰ παρά τινος J 15:26a. πνεύματος ἁγίου … παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (=Μαρίαν) AcPlCor 2:5. εἶναι παρά τινος be from someone (cp. Job 21:2, 9) J 6:46; 7:29; 9:16, 33; 17:7.

② marker of one who originates or directs, from (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 100 §420 παρὰ τ. θεῶν; TestJob 38:8 παρὰ θεοῦ) παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη this was the Lord’s doing Mt 21:42; Mk 12:11 (both Ps 117:23). W. a double negative: οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τ. θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα (s. ἀδυνατέω) Lk 1:37. τὰ λελαλημένα αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου what was said to her (by the angel) at the Lord’s command vs. 45. ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ John the Baptist was not, like Jesus, sent out fr. the very presence of God, but one whose coming was brought about by God J 1:6 (cp. 2 Macc 11:17). παρʼ ἑαυτῆς φέρει καρπὸν καὶ παρὰ τῆς πτελέας it (i.e. the vine) bears fruit which comes both from itself and from the elm Hs 2:3. On 2 Pt 2:11 s. κρίσις 1bβ.

③ marker of the point fr. which an action originates, from

ⓐ after verbs

α. of asking, demanding αἰτεῖν and αἰτεῖσθαι (cp. X., An. 1, 3, 16, Hell. 3, 1, 4; SIG 785, 9f; PFay 121, 12ff; Tob 4:19 BA al.; LXX; TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 2 [Stone p. 22]; TestJob 20:2; ParJer 7:14; Jos., Ant. 15, 92) Mt 20:20 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); J 4:9; Ac 3:2; 9:2; Js 1:5; 1J 5:15 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); 1 Cl 36:4 (Ps 2:8); Hm 9:2, 4; Dg 1. ζητεῖν (Tob 4:18; Sir 7:4; cp. 1 Macc 7:13) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48.

β. of taking, accepting, receiving λαμβάνειν (class.; Appian, Mithrid. 88 §397; SIG 546 B, 23 [III B.C.]; Jdth 12:15; Sus 55 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:8; 11:34; 4 Macc 12:11; TestJob 11:5; JosAs 24:11; Just., A I, 39, 5 al.) Mk 12:2; Lk 6:34; J 5:34, 41, 44; 10:18; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 17:9; 20:24; 26:10 (Jos., Ant. 14, 167 λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν παρά σου [= τ. ἀρχιερέως]; 11, 169); Js 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; 2J 4; Rv 2:28; Hs 1:8; 8, 3, 5; GJs 20, 2 codices. ἀπολαμβάνειν (SIG 150, 19f [restored text; IV B.C.]; 4 Macc 18:23) Hv 5:7. παραλαμβάνειν (Hdt. et al.; oft. ins; POxy 504, 14 al. in pap) Gal 1:12; 1 Th 2:13; 4:1; 2 Th 3:6. δέχεσθαι (Thu. 1, 20, 1 et al.; 1 Macc 15:20; TestJob 11:12; cp. διαδέχεσθαι Ath. 37, 1) Ac 22:5; Phil 4:18a. κομίζεσθαι (SIG 244 I, 5ff [IV B.C.]; Gen 38:20; 2 Macc 7:11; Ath. 12, 1) Eph 6:8. εὑρεῖν (SIG 537, 69; 1099, 28; cp. εὑρίσκω 3, end) 2 Ti 1:18. ἔχειν τι παρά τινος have received someth. fr. someone (1 Esdr 6:5) Ac 9:14; cp. Hv 3, 9, 8. γίνεταί μοί τι παρά τινος I receive someth. from someone (Att.) Mt 18:19. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις … παρὰ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ παρὰ Ἰησοῦ 2J 3 (cp. X., An. 7, 2, 25). οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον those who were entrusted by God with a task 1 Cl 43:1 (cp. Polyb. 3, 69, 1; SIG 1207, 12f). παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου πλουτίζεσθαι receive one’s wealth fr. the Lord Hs 2:10.—Sim. in the case of a purchase the seller is introduced by παρά: buy fr. someone ἀγοράζειν (s. ἀγοράζω 1, end) Rv 3:18. ὠνεῖσθαι Ac 7:16. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος receive support from someone 2 Th 3:8.

γ. of learning, coming to know, hearing, asking ἀκούειν (s. ἀκούω 1bβ and 3) J 1:40; 6:45; 7:51; 8:26, 40; 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 1:13; 2:2; AcPlCor 1:6; ἀκριβοῦν Mt 2:7, 16. ἐξακριβάζεσθαι Hm 4, 2, 3. ἐπιγινώσκειν Ac 24:8. μανθάνειν (since Aeschyl., Ag. 858; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 176; Sir 8:8f; 2 Macc 7:2 v.l.; 3 Macc 1:1; Just., A I, 23, 1 and D. 78, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 2; 22, 8) 2 Ti 3:14. πυνθάνεσθαι (Hdt. 3, 68; X., Cyr. 1, 6, 23; Pla., Rep. 5, 476e; SIG 1169, 30; 2 Ch 32:31) Mt 2:4; J 4:52 (without παρά v.l.); B 13:2 (Gen 25:22).

ⓑ w. adjectival function ὁ, ἡ, τὸ παρά τινος made, given, etc., by someone

α. w. a noun (funct. as a gen.: Pla., Symp. 197e ὁ παρά τινος λόγος ‘the expression made by someone’; X., Hell. 3, 1, 6 δῶρον παρὰ βασιλέως, Mem. 2, 2, 12 ἡ παρά τινος εὔνοια, Cyr. 5, 5, 13 τὸ παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα ‘the crime committed by me’; Polyb. 3, 69, 3 ἡ παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρία; Polyaenus 3, 9, 28 ἡ παρὰ στρατηγοῦ ἀρετή; SIG 543, 27; Ex 4:20; 14:13; Philo, Plant. 14; Jos., Ant. 12, 400; Just., A I, 32, 8 and D. 92, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 1) ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21).—Ac 26:12 v.l.; 22 v.l.

β. w. subst. function

א. τὰ παρά τινος what someone gives, someone’s gifts (X., Mem. 3, 11, 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 124, Ant. 8, 175; Tat. 32, 1 τὰ παρὰ θεοῦ) Lk 10:7; Phil 4:18b. τὰ παρʼ αὐτῆς her property, what she had Mk 5:26 (cp. IPriene 111, 177). τὰ παρὰ ζώσης καὶ μενούσης (the help that I received) from a living, contemporary voice Papias (2:4).

ב. οἱ παρά τινος someone’s envoys (οἱ παρὰ βασιλέω πρέσβει X., Hell. 1, 3, 9; oft. in ins.: see, e.g., OGI 5, 50 from Ptolemy; the full expression οἱ παρʼ ὑμῶν πρεσβείς OGI 8 VI, 108–9; Schwyzer II 498; B-D-F §237, 2) οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως (1 Macc 2:15; 1 Esdr 1:15) 1 Cl 12:4.—The Koine also uses this expr. to denote others who are intimately connected w. someone, e.g. family, relatives (PGrenf II, 36, 9 [II B.C.]; POxy 805 [I B.C.]; 298, 37 [I A.D.]; CPR I, 179, 16; 187, 7; Sb 5238, 19 [I A.D.]; Sus 33; 1 Macc 13:52; Jos., Ant. 1, 193. Further exx. fr. pap in Mlt. 106f; Rossberg [s. ἀνά, beg.] 52) Mk 3:21 (s. CBruston/PFarel: RTQR 18, 1909, 82–93; AWabnitz, ibid. 221–25; SMonteil, ibid. 19, 1910, 317–25; JMoulton, Mk 3:21: ET 20, 1909, 476; GHartmann, Mk 3:20f: BZ 11, 1913, 248–79; FZorell, Zu Mk 3:20, 21: ZKT 37, 1913, 695–7; JBelser, Zu Mk 3:20f: TQ 98, 1916, 401–18; Rdm.² 141; 227.—S. also at ἐξίστημι 2a).

B. w. dat., the case that exhibits close association

① marker of nearness in space, at/by (the side of), beside, near, with, acc. to the standpoint fr. which the relationship is viewed

ⓐ near, beside

α. w. things (Synes., Ep. 126 p. 262a; Kaibel 703, 1; POxy 120, 23; 2 Km 10:8; 11:9; Jos., Ant. 1, 196) εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ J 19:25. κεῖσθαι παρὰ τῷ πύργῳ Hv 3, 5, 5.

β. w. persons ἔστησεν αὐτὸ παρʼ ἑαυτῷ he had him (i.e. the child) stand by his side Lk 9:47.

ⓑ in (someone’s) house, city, company, etc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 al. παρὰ Λάβαν)

α. house: ἀριστᾶν Lk 11:37. καταλύειν 19:7 (Pla., Gorg. 447b; Demosth. 18, 82). μένειν (JosAs 20:8; Jos., Ant. 1, 298; 299) J 1:39; Ac 9:43; 18:3; 21:8. ξενίζεσθαι 10:6; 21:16 (ξενίζω 1). So prob. also ἕκαστος παρʼ ἑαυτῷ each one at home 1 Cor 16:2 (cp. Philo, Cher. 48 παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς, Leg. ad Gai. 271). ὸ̔ν ἀπέλιπον ἐν Τρῳάδι παρὰ Κάρπῳ 2 Ti 4:13.

β. city: Rv 2:13. So prob. also ἦσαν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί Mt 22:25.—J 4:40; Col 4:16 (where the congregation at Laodicea is contrasted w. the one at Col.).

γ. other uses: παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις among Judeans Mt 28:15. παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι remain with them Ac 28:14; cp. 21:7. οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν πρεσβύτεροι the elders among you 1 Cl 1:3.—παρὰ τῷ πατρί with (of spatial proximity) the Father Mt 6:1; J 8:38a; cp. 17:5 (Synes., Kingship 29 p. 31d: philosophy has her abode παρὰ τῷ θεῷ and if the world refuses to receive her when she descends to earth, μένει παρὰ τῷ πατρί). Of Jesus: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένων while I was with you (on earth) J 14:25. Of the Spirit: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένει vs. 17. Of the Father and Son in their relation to the faithful Christian: μονὴν παρʼ αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα we will take up our abode with him vs. 23.

δ. fig. παρά τινι before someone’s judgment seat (Demosth. 18, 13 εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι παρά τινι; Appian, Maced. 11 §8 παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐς κρίσιν) 2 Pt 2:11 v.l. Closely related is

② marker of one whose viewpoint is relevant, in the sight or judgment of someone (Soph., Hdt.; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ) παρὰ τῷ θεῷ: δίκαιος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13 (cp. Job 9:2; Jos., Ant. 6, 205; Ath. 31, 2 εὐδοξοῦμεν … παρὰ τῷ θεῷ).—Cp. 1 Cor 3:19; Gal 3:11; 2 Th 1:6; Js 1:27; 1 Pt 2:4; 2 Pt 3:8. θυσία δεκτὴ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ Hs 5, 3, 8. ἔνδοξος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ m 2:6; Hs 5, 3, 3; 8, 10, 1; 9, 27, 3; 9, 28, 3; 9, 29, 3.—9, 7, 6.—Acc. to the judgment of humans (Jos., Ant. 7, 84; Just., A I, 20, 3) 8, 9, 1. τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; Ac 26:8. ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι Ro 11:25; cp. 12:16 (s. Pr 3:7 μὴ ἴσθι φρόνιμος παρὰ σεαυτῷ).—‘In the judgment’ passes over into a simpler with (PsSol 9:5 παρὰ κυρίῳ; Jos. Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 10 παρὰ θεοῖς=with the gods) εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι find favor with someone (Ex 33:16; cp. Num 11:15) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10. τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ 1 Pt 2:20. χάριν ἔχειν (Ex 33:12) m 5, 1, 5. προέκοπτεν ἐν τῇ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52. τί ταπεινοφροσύνη παρὰ θεῷ ἰσχύει, τί ἀγάπη ἁγνὴ παρά θεῷ δύναται how strong humility is before God, what pure love before God can do 1 Cl 21:8.

③ marker of personal reference, at the side of, with almost equivalent to the dat. as such (Ps 75:13): δυνατόν or ἀδύνατον παρά τινι possible or impossible for someone (Gen 18:14; Just., A I, 33, 2; Ath., R. 9 p. 58, 6) Mt 19:26ab; Mk 10:27abc; Lk 1:37 v.l.; 18:27ab; 1 Cl 27:2.—AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 44–46. Closely related in mng. is

④ marker of connection of a quality or characteristic w. a pers., with (οὐκ) ἔστιν τι παρά τινι someth. is (not) with or in someone, someone has someth. (nothing) to do w. someth. (Demosth. 18, 277 εἰ ἔστι καὶ παρʼ ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία; Gen 24:25; Job 12:13; Ps 129:4 παρὰ σοι ὁ ἱλασμός ἐστιν; Just., D. 82, 1 παρὰ … ἡμῖν … χαρίσματα) οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τ. θεῷ Ro 2:11 (TestJob 43, 13). Cp. 9:14; Eph 6:9; Js 1:17. Sim. Mt 8:10; 2 Cor 1:17.

⑤ marker of a relationship w. a narrow focus, among, before παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς among themselves (Philo, Cher. 48) διαλογίζεσθαι Mt 21:25 v.l. (cp. Demosth. 10, 17 γιγνώσκειν παρʼ αὑτῷ; Epict., Ench. 48, 2).—In ἐν τούτῳ μενέτω παρὰ θεῷ 1 Cor 7:24, the mng. of παρὰ θεῷ is not certain: let the pers. remain in that position (the same one in which he was when called to salvation) before God; it is prob. meant to remind Christians of the One before whom they cannot even have the appearance of inferiority (ins: Mitt-Wilck, I/2, 4, 4 [13 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Ἑρμῇ=‘before, in the sight of’; Sb 7616 [II A.D.] τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Σαράπι=‘before the Lord’ S.; 7661, 3 [c. 100 A.D.]; 7932, 7992, 6 [letter II/III A.D.]). Or perh. it simply means that no matter what the situation may be, one is to be focused on God.

C. w. acc. of pers. or thing

① marker of a position viewed as extended (w. no difference whether παρά answers the question ‘where?’ or ‘whither?’ See B-D-F §236, 1; Rob. 615).

ⓐ by, along περιπατεῖν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Pla., Gorg. 511e. Cp. SIG 1182; Jos., Ant. 2, 81) Mt 4:18; cp. Mk 1:16.

ⓑ at the edge or to the edge of

α. παρὰ (τὴν) θάλασσαν by the sea (or lake) , at the shore Mt 13:1; Mk 4:1; 5:21; Ac 10:6, 32; cp. Lk 5:1, 2. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν by the side of the road (X., An. 1, 2, 13; Plut., Lysander 450 [29, 4] a tomb παρὰ τ. ὁδόν=beside the road) Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (but on the road is also poss. in these three places; s. d below).

β. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν to (the side of) the sea (lake) Mt 15:29; Mk 2:13. παρὰ ποταμόν to the river Ac 16:13.

ⓒ gener. near, at παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τινός at someone’s feet (sit, fall, place etc.; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 16 [Stone p. 44]) Mt 15:30; Lk 7:38; 8:35, 41; 10:39 v.l.; 17:16; Ac 4:35, 37 v.l.; 5:2; 7:58; 22:3 (s. ET 30, 1919, 39f). παρὰ τὸν πὺργον beside the tower Hs 9, 4, 8; 9, 6, 5; 8; 9, 7, 1; 9, 11, 6.—παρὰ τὴν ἰτέαν 8, 1, 2 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 10 [Stone p. 14] παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ).

ⓓ on παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν on the road (w. motion implied; Aesop, Fab. 226 P.=420 H.: πεσὼν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν; Phot., Bibl. 94 p. 74b on Iambl. Erot. [Hercher I p. 222, 22] πίπτουσι παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν) Mt 13:4, 19; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; on the road (w. no motion implied; Theophr., HP 6, 6, 10: the crocus likes to be trodden under foot, διὸ καὶ παρὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς κάλλιστος; Phot. p. 222, 29 H. [s. above]) Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. Perh. also Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (s. bα above).—παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης on the seashore Hb 11:12 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; ApcEsdr 3:10; ApcSed 8:9).

② marker of extension in time, during, from … to (Lucian, Catapl. 24 παρὰ τ. βίον=during his life; POxy 472, 10; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 26 [Stone p. 52] παρὰ μίαν ὥραν; Tat. 14, 2 παρʼ ὸ̔ν ἔζων χρόνον) παρʼ ἐνιαυτόν from year to year (Plut., Cleom. 15, 1; cp. ἐνιαυτός 1) B 10:7.

③ marker of comparative advantage, in comparison to, more than, beyond ἁμαρτωλοί, ὀφειλέται π. πάντας Lk 13:2, 4 (PSI 317, 6 [95 A.D.] παρὰ πάντας; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234 παρὰ τ. ἄλλους ἅπαντας; JosAs 10:6 παρὰ πάσας τὰς παρθένους; Just., A I, 20, 3 παρὰ πάντας ἀδίκως μισούμεθα). κρίνειν ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν (s. κρίνω 1) Ro 14:5. π. πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν B 11:9 (prophetic quot. of unknown orig.). π. πάντα τὰ πνεύματα more than all other spirits Hm 10, 1, 2. ἐλαττοῦν τινα π. τινα make someone inferior to someone Hb 2:7, 9 (s. ἐλαττόω 1 and cp. PGrenf I, 42, 12 [II B.C.] ἐλαττουμένων ἡμῶν παρὰ τοὺς δεῖνα). εἶδος ἐκλεῖπον π. τὸ εἶδος τῶν ἀνθρώπων (s. ἐκλείπω 4) 1 Cl 16:3.—After a comp. (Thu. 1, 23, 3; ApcEsdr 1:22; Tat. 2, 2) Lk 3:13; Hb 1:4; 3:3; 9:23; 11:4; 12:24; B 4:5 (cp. Da 7:7); Hv 3, 12, 1; Hs 9, 18, 2.—When a comparison is made, one member of it may receive so little attention as to pass fr. consideration entirely, so that ‘more than’ becomes instead of, rather than, to the exclusion of (Plut., Mor. 984c; PsSol 9:9; EpArist 134; Just., A I, 22, 2) λατρεύειν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα serve the creation rather than the Creator Ro 1:25 (cp. EpArist 139: the Jews worship τὸν μόνον θεὸν παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν). δεδικαιωμένος παρʼ ἐκεῖνον justified rather than the other Lk 18:14. ἔχρισέν σε … παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους (God) has anointed you and not your comrades Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). ὑπερφρονεῖν παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ φρονεῖν Ro 12:3 (Plut., Mor. 83f παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ). παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας Hb 11:11 (Plut., Rom. 25, 6 παρʼ ἡλικίαν; cp. ἡλικία 2a).—παρὰ δύναμιν beyond their means (s. δύναμις 2) 2 Cor 8:3.—After ἄλλος (Pla., Lach. 178b, Leg. 3, 693b; X., Hell. 1, 5, 5; Demosth. 18, 235) another than 1 Cor 3:11.

④ marker of degree that falls slightly short in comparison, except for, almost παρὰ μικρόν except for a little, almost (s. μικρός 1eγ) Hs 8, 1, 14. Likew. παρά τι (cp. Vett. Val. 228, 6) Lk 5:7 D; Hs 9, 19, 3.

⑤ marker of causality, because of (cp. Pind., O. 2, 65 κενεὰν παρὰ δίαιταν ‘in the interest of’ or ‘for the sake of a scanty livelihood’, the scantiness here contrasting with the immense labor involved; Demosth. 4, 11; 9, 2; PRyl 243, 6; POxy 1420, 7) παρὰ τό w. acc. foll. because (SIG 495, 130; UPZ 7, 13 [163 B.C.] παρὰ τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι.—Mayser II/1, 1926, 331; Gen 29:20; Ex 14:11) 1 Cl 39:5f (Job 4:20f). π. τοῦτο because of this (Kühner-G. I 513, 3; Synes., Ep. 44 p. 185a; 57 p. 192d) ITr 5:2; IRo 5:1 (quot. fr. 1 Cor 4:4, where Paul has ἐν τούτῳ). οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο οὐ (double neg. as a strengthened affirmative) not for that reason any the less 1 Cor 12:15f.

⑥ marker of that which does not correspond to what is expected, against, contrary to (Hom., Alc. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., Tat., Ath.—Schwyzer II 497) π. τὴν διδαχήν Ro 16:17. παρʼ ἐλπίδα against hope (s. ἐλπίς 1a) in wordplay w. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι 4:18. παρὰ φύσιν (Thu. 6, 17, 1; Pla., Rep. 5, 466d; Tat. 22, 2; Ath. 26, 2, R. 6 p. 54, 13) 1:26; 11:24. παρὰ τὸν νόμον (Just., A II, 2, 4; Ath. 1, 3; cp. X., Mem. 1, 1, 18 παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; PMagd 16, 5 [222 B.C.] παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 233; Just., A I, 68, 10) Ac 18:13. παρʼ ὅ contrary to that which Gal 1:8f (Just., A I, 43, 8).

⑦ marker of something that is less, less (Hdt. 9, 33; Plut., Caesar 722 [30, 5]; Jos., Ant. 4, 176; POxy 264, 4 [I A.D.]) τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν forty less one=thirty-nine (i.e. lashes) 2 Cor 11:24 (cp. Makkoth 3, 10 [tr. HDanby, The Mishnah ’33, 407]).—On παρʼ αὐτά ITr 11:1 s. παραυτά.—DELG. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > παρά
110 अर्थः _arthḥ

अर्थः [In some of its senses from अर्थ्; in others from ऋ-थन् Uṇ.2.4; अर्थते ह्यसौ अर्थिभिः Nir.]

1 Object, pur- pose, end and aim; wish, desire; ज्ञातार्थो ज्ञातसंबन्धः श्रोतुं श्रोता प्रवर्तते, सिद्ध˚, ˚परिपन्थी Mu.5; ˚वशात् 5.8; स्मर्तव्यो$स्मि सत्यर्थे Dk.117 if it be necessary; Y.2.46; M.4.6; oft. used in this sense as the last member of compounds and translated by 'for', 'intended for', 'for the sake of', 'on account of', 'on behalf of', and used like an adj. to qualify nouns; अर्थेन तु नित्य- समासो विशेष्यनिघ्रता च Vārt.; सन्तानार्थाय विधये R.1.34; तां देवतापित्रतिथिक्रियार्थाम् (धेनुम्) 2.16; द्विजार्था यवागूः Sk.; यज्ञार्थात्कर्मणो$न्यत्र Bg.3.9. It mostly occurs in this sense as अर्थम्, अर्थे or अर्थाय and has an adverbial force; (a) किमर्थम् for what purpose, why; यदर्थम् for whom or which; वेलोपलक्षणार्थम् Ś.4; तद्दर्शनादभूच्छम्भोर्भूयान्दारार्थ- मादरः Ku.6.13; (b) परार्थे प्राज्ञ उत्सृजेत् H.1.41; गवार्थे ब्राह्मणार्थे च Pt.1.42; मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः Bg.1.9; (c) सुखार्थाय Pt.4.18; प्रत्याख्याता मया तत्र नलस्यार्थाय देवताः Nala.13.19; ऋतुपर्णस्य चार्थाय 23.9.

-2 Cause, motive, reason, ground, means; अलुप्तश्च मुनेः क्रियार्थः R. 2.55 means or cause; अतो$र्थात् Ms.2.213.

-3 Meaning, sense, signification, import; अर्थ is of 3 kinds:-- वाच्य or expressed, लक्ष्य or indicated (secondary), and व्यङ्ग्य or suggested; तददोषौ शब्दार्थौ K. P.1; अर्थो वाच्यश्च लक्ष्यश्च व्यङ्ग्यश्चेति त्रिधा मतः S. D.2; वागर्थाविव R.1.1; अवेक्ष्य धातोर्गमनार्थमर्थवित् 3.21.

-4 A thing, object, substance; लक्ष्मणो$र्थं ततः श्रुत्वा Rām.7.46.18; अर्थो हि कन्या परकीय एव Ś.4.22; that which can be perceived by the senses, an object of sense; इन्द्रिय˚ H.1.146; Ku.7.71; R.2.51; न निर्बद्धा उपसर्गा अर्थान्निराहुः Nir.; इन्द्रियेभ्यः परा ह्यर्था अर्थेभ्यश्च परं मनः Kaṭh. (the objects of sense are five: रूप, रस, गन्ध, स्पर्श and शब्द); शब्दः स्पर्शो रसो गन्धो रूपं चेत्यर्थजातयः Bhāg.11.22.16.

-5 (a) An affair, business, matter, work; प्राक् प्रतिपन्नो$यमर्थो$- ङ्गराजाय Ve.3; अर्थो$यमर्थान्तरभाव्य एव Ku.3.18; अर्थो$र्था- नुबन्धी Dk.67; सङ्गीतार्थः Me.66 business of singing i. e. musical concert (apparatus of singing); सन्देशार्थाः Me. 5 matters of message, i. e. messages; (b) Interest, object; स्वार्थसाधनतत्परः Ms.4.196; द्वयमेवार्थसाधनम् R.1. 19;2.21; दुरापे$र्थे 1.72; सर्वार्थचिन्तकः Ms.7.121; माल- विकायां न मे कश्चिदर्थः M.3 I have no interest in M. (c) Subject-matter, contents (as of letters &c.); त्वामव- गतार्थं करिष्यति Mu.1 will acquaint you with the matter; उत्तरो$यं लेखार्थः ibid.; तेन हि अस्य गृहीतार्था भवामि V.2 if so I should know its contents; ननु परिगृहीतार्थो$- स्मि कृतो भवता V.5; तया भवतो$विनयमन्तरेण परिगृहीतार्था कृता देवी M.4 made acquainted with; त्वया गृहीतार्थया अत्रभवती कथं न वारिता 3; अगृहीतार्थे आवाम् Ś.6; इति पौरान् गृहीतार्थान् कृत्वा ibid.

-6 Wealth, riches, property, money (said to be of 3 kinds: शुक्ल honestly got; शबल got by more or less doubtful means, and कृष्ण dishonestly got;) त्यागाय संभृतार्थानाम् R.1.7; धिगर्थाः कष्टसंश्रयाः Pt.1.163; अर्थानामर्जने दुःखम् ibid.; सस्यार्थास्तस्य मित्राणि1.3; तेषामर्थे नियुञ्जीत शूरान् दक्षान् कुलोद्गतान् Ms.7.62.

-7 Attainment of riches or worldly prosperity, regarded as one of the four ends of human existence, the other three being धर्म, काम and मोक्ष; with अर्थ and काम, धर्म forms the well-known triad; cf. Ku.5.38; अप्यर्थकामौ तस्यास्तां धर्म एव मनीषिणः R.1.25.

-8 (a) Use, advantage, profit, good; तथा हि सर्वे तस्यासन् परार्थैकफला गुणाः R.1.29 for the good of others; अर्थान- र्थावुभौ बुद्ध्वा Ms.8.24 good and evil; क्षेत्रिणामर्थः 9.52; यावानर्थ उदपाने सर्वतः सांप्लुतोदके Bg.2.46; also व्यर्थ, निरर्थक q. v. (b) Use, want, need, concern, with instr.; को$र्थः पुत्रेण जातेन Pt.1 what is the use of a son being born; कश्च तेनार्थः Dk.59; को$र्थस्तिरश्चां गुणैः Pt.2.33 what do brutes care for merits; Bh.2.48; योग्येनार्थः कस्य न स्याज्ज- नेन Ś.18.66; नैव तस्य कृतेनार्थो नाकृतेनेह कश्चन Bg.3.18; यदि प्राणैरिहार्थो वो निवर्तध्वम् Rām. को नु मे जीवितेनार्थः Nala.12. 65.

-9 Asking, begging; request, suit, petition.

-1 Action, plaint (in law); अर्थ विरागाः पश्यन्ति Rām.2.1. 58; असाक्षिकेषु त्वर्थेषु Ms.8.19.

-11 The actual state, fact of the matter; as in यथार्थ, अर्थतः, ˚तत्वविद्, यदर्थेन विनामुष्य पुंस आत्मविपर्ययः Bhāg.3.7.1.

-12 Manner, kind, sort.

-13 Prevention, warding off; मशकार्थो धूमः; prohibition, abolition (this meaning may also be derived from 1 above).

-14 Price (perhaps an incorrect form for अर्घ).

-15 Fruit, result (फलम्). तस्य नानुभवेदर्थं यस्य हेतोः स रोपितः Rām.6.128.7; Mb.12.175.5.

-16 N. of a son of धर्म.

-17 The second place from the लग्न (in astr.).

-18 N. of Viṣṇu.

-19 The category called अपूर्व (in पूर्वमीमांसा); अर्थ इति अपूर्वं ब्रूमः । ŚB. on MS.7.1.2.

-2 Force (of a statement or an expres- sion); अर्थाच्च सामर्थ्याच्च क्रमो विधीयते । ŚB. on MS.5.1.2. [अर्थात् = by implication].

-21 The need, purpose, sense; व्यवधानादर्थो बलीयान् । ŚB. on MS.6.4.23.

-22 Capacity, power; अर्थाद्वा कल्पनैकदेशत्वात् । Ms.1.4.3 (where Śabara paraphrases अर्थात् by सामर्थ्यात् and states the rule: आख्यातानामर्थं ब्रुवतां शक्तिः सहकारिणी ।), cf. अर्थो$भिधेयरैवस्तुप्रयोजननिवृत्तिषु । मोक्षकारणयोश्च...... Nm.

-Comp. -अतिदेशः Extension (of gender, number &e.) to the objects (as against words), i. e. to treat a single object as though it were many, a female as though it were male. (तन्त्रवार्त्तिक 1.2.58.3;6.3.34.7).

-अधिकारः charge of money, office of treasurer ˚रे न नियोक्तव्यौ H.2.

-अधिकारिन् m. a treasurer, one charged with finan- cial duties, finance minister.

-अनुपपत्तिः f. The difficulty of accounting for or explaining satisfactorily a particular meaning; incongruity of a particular meaning (तन्त्रवार्त्तिक 4.3.42.2).

-अनुयायिन् a. Following the rules (शास्त्र); तत्त्रिकालहितं वाक्यं धर्म्यमर्थानुयायि च Rām.5.51.21.

-अन्वेषणम् inquiry after a matter.

-अन्तरम् 1 another or different meaning.

-2 another cause or motive; अर्थो$यम- र्थान्तरभाव्य एव Ku.3.18.

-3 A new matter or circum- stance, new affair.

-4 opposite or antithetical meaning, difference of meaning. ˚न्यासः a figure of speech in which a general proposition is adduced to support a particular instance, or a particular instance, to support a general proposition; it is an inference from parti- cular to general and vice versa; उक्तिरर्थान्तरन्यासः स्यात् सामान्यविशेषयोः । (1) हनूमानब्धिमतरद् दुष्करं किं महात्मनाम् ॥ (2) गुणवद्वस्तुसंसर्गाद्याति नीचो$पि गौरवम् । पुष्पमालानुषङ्गेण सूत्रं शिरसि धार्यते Kuval.; cf. also K. P.1 and S. D.79. (Ins- tances of this figure abound in Sanskrit literature, especi- ally in the works of Kālidāsa, Māgha and Bhāravi).

-अन्वित a.

1 rich, wealthy.

-2 significant.

-अभिधान a.

1 That whose name is connected with the purpose to be served by it; अर्थाभिधानं प्रयोजनसम्बद्धमभिधानं यस्य, यथा पुरोडाश- कपालमिति पुरोडाशार्थं कपालं पुरोडाशकपालम् । ŚB. on MS.4.1. 26.

-2 Expression or denotation of the desired meaning (वार्त्तिक 3.1.2.5.).

-अर्थिन् a. one who longs for or strives to get wealth or gain any object. अर्थार्थी जीवलोको$यम् । आर्तो जिज्ञासुरर्थार्थी Bg.7.16.

-अलंकरः a figure of speech determined by and dependent on the sense, and not on sound (opp. शब्दालंकार). अलंकारशेखर of केशवमिश्र mentions (verse 29) fourteen types of अर्थालंकारs as follows:- उपमारूपकोत्प्रेक्षाः समासोक्तिरपह्नुतिः । समाहितं स्वभावश्च विरोधः सारदीपकौ ॥ सहोक्तिरन्यदेशत्वं विशेषोक्तिर्विभावना । एवं स्युरर्थालकारा- श्चतुर्दश न चापरे ॥

-आगमः 1 acquisition of wealth, income; ˚गमाय स्यात् Pt.1. cf. also अर्थागमो नित्यमरोगिता च H.

-2 collection of property.

-3 conveying of sense; S. D.737.

-आपत्तिः f. [अर्थस्य अनुक्तार्थस्य आपत्तिः सिद्धिः]

1 an inference from circumstances, presumption, im- plication, one of the five sources of knowledge or modes of proof, according to the Mīmāṁsakas. It is 'deduc- tion of a matter from that which could not else be'; it is 'assumption of a thing, not itself perceived but necessarily implied by another which is seen, heard, or proved'; it is an inference used to account for an apparent inconsistency; as in the familiar instance पीनो देवदत्तो दिवा न भुङ्क्ते the apparent inconsistency between 'fatness' and 'not eating by day' is accounted for by the inference of his 'eating by night'. पीनत्वविशि- ष्टस्य देवदत्तस्य रात्रिभोजित्वरूपार्थस्य शब्दानुक्तस्यापि आपत्तिः. It is defined by Śabara as दृष्टः श्रुतो वार्थो$न्यथा नोपपद्यते इत्यर्थ- कल्पना । यथा जीवति देवदत्ते गृहाभावदर्शनेन बहिर्भावस्यादृष्टस्य कल्पना ॥ Ms.1.1.5. It may be seen from the words दृष्टः and श्रुतः in the above definition, that Śabara has sug- gested two varieties of अर्थापत्ति viz. दृष्टार्थापत्ति and श्रुता- र्थापत्ति. The illustration given by him, however, is of दृष्टार्थापत्ति only. The former i. e. दृष्टार्थापत्ति consists in the presumption of some अदृष्ट अर्थ to account for some दृष्ट अर्थ (or अर्थs) which otherwise becomes inexplicable. The latter, on the other hand, consists in the presump- tion of some अर्थ through अश्रुत शब्द to account for some श्रुत अर्थ (i. e. some statement). This peculiarity of श्रुतार्थापत्ति is clearly stated in the following couplet; यत्र त्वपरिपूर्णस्य वाक्यस्यान्वयसिद्धये । शब्दो$ध्याह्रियते तत्र श्रुतार्थापत्ति- रिष्यते ॥ Mānameyodaya p.129 (ed. by K. Raja, Adyar, 1933). Strictly speaking it is no separate mode of proof; it is only a case of अनुमान and can be proved by a व्यतिरेकव्याप्ति; cf. Tarka. K.17 and S. D.46.

-2 a figure of speech (according to some rhe- toricians) in which a relevant assertion suggests an inference not actually connected with the the subject in hand, or vice versa; it corresponds to what is popularly called कैमुतिकन्याय or दण्डापूपन्याय; e. g. हारो$यं हरिणाक्षीणां लुण्ठति स्तनमण्डले । मुक्तानामप्यवस्थेयं के वयं स्मरकिङ्कराः Amaru.1; अभितप्तमयो$पि मार्दवं भजते कैव कथा शरीरिषु R.8.43.; S. D. thus defines the figure:- दण्डापूपिकन्यायार्थागमो$र्थापत्तिरिष्यते.

-उत्पत्तिः f. acquisition of wealth; so ˚उपार्जनम्.

-उपक्षेपकः an introductory scene (in dramas); अर्थोपक्षेपकाः पञ्च S. D.38. They are विष्कम्भ, चूलिका, अङ्कास्य, अङ्कावतार, प्रवेशक.

-उपमा a simile dependent on sense and not on sound; see under उपमा.

-उपार्जनम् Acquiring wealth.

-उष्मन् m. the glow or warmth of wealth; अर्थोष्मणा विरहितः पुरुषः स एव Bh.2.4.

-ओघः, -राशिः treasure, hoard of money.

-कर (

-री f.),

-कृत a.

1 bringing in wealth, enriching; अर्थकरी च विद्या H. Pr.3.

-2 useful, advan- tageous.

-कर्मन् n.

1 a principal action (opp. गुणकर्मन्).

-2 (as opposed to प्रतिपत्तिकर्मन्), A fruitful act (as opposed to mere disposal or प्रतिपत्ति); अर्थकर्म वा कर्तृ- संयोगात् स्रग्वत् । MS.4.2.17.

-काम a. desirous of wealth. (-˚मौ dual), wealth and (sensual) desire or pleasure; अप्यर्थकामौ तस्यास्तां धर्म एव मनीषिणः R.1.25. ह्रत्वार्थकामास्तु गुरूनिहैव Bg.2.5.

-कार्ष्यम् Poverty. निर्बन्धसंजातरुषार्थकार्घ्यमचिन्तयित्वा गुरुणाहमुक्तः R.5.21.

-काशिन् a. Only apparently of utility (not really).

-किल्बिषिन् a. dishonest in money-matters.

-कृच्छ्रम् 1 a difficult matter.

-2 pecuniary difficulty; व्यसनं वार्थकृच्छ्रे वा Rām.4.7.9; Mb.3.2.19; cf. also Kau. A.1.15 न मुह्येदर्थकृच्छ्रेषु Nīti.

-कृत्यम् doing or execution of a business; अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः Me.4.

-कोविद a. Expert in a matter, experienced. उवाच रामो धर्मात्मा पुनरप्यर्थकोविदः Rām.6.4.8.

-क्रमः due order or sequ- ence of purpose.

-क्रिया (a) An implied act, an act which is to be performed as a matter of course (as opposed to शब्दोक्तक्रिया); असति शब्दोक्ते अर्थक्रिया भवति ŚB. on MS.12.1.12. (b) A purposeful action. (see अर्थकर्मन्).

-गत a.

1 based on the sense (as a दोष).

-2 devoid of sense.

-गतिः understanding the sense.

-गुणाः cf. भाविकत्वं सुशब्दत्वं पर्यायोक्तिः सुधर्मिता । चत्वारो$र्थगुणाः प्रोक्ताः परे त्वत्रैव संगताः ॥ अलंकारशेखर 21.

-गृहम् A treasury. Hariv.

-गौरवम् depth of meaning; भारवेरर्थगौरवम् Udb., Ki.2.27.

-घ्न a. (

घ्नी f.) extrava- gant, wasteful, prodigal; सुरापी व्याधिता धूर्ता वन्ध्यार्थघ्न्य- प्रियंवदा Y.1.73; व्याधिता वाधिवेत्तव्या हिंस्रार्थघ्नी च सर्वदा Ms.9.8.

-चित्रम् 'variety in sense', a pun, Kāvya- prakāśa.

-चिन्तक a.

1 thinking of profit.

-2 having charge of affairs; सर्वार्थचिन्तकः Ms.7.121.

-चिन्ता, -चिन्तनम् charge or administration of (royal) affairs; मन्त्री स्यादर्थचिन्तायाम् S. D.

-जात a.

1 full of meaning.

-2 wealthy (जातधन).

(-तम्) 1 a collection of things.

-2 large amount of wealth, considerable property; Dk.63, Ś.6; ददाति च नित्यमर्थजातम् Mk.2.7.

-3 all matters; कवय इव महीपाश्चिन्तयन्त्यर्थजातम् Śi.11.6.

-4 its own meaning; वहन्द्वयीं यद्यफले$र्थजाते Ki.3.48.

-ज्ञ a. knowing the sense or purpose; अर्थज्ञ इत्सकलं भद्रमश्नुते Nir.

-तत्त्वम् 1 the real truth, the fact of the matter; यो$र्थतत्त्वमविज्ञाय क्रोधस्यैव वशं गतः H.4.94.

-2 the real nature or cause of anything.

-द a.

1 yielding wealth; Dk.41.

-2 advantageous, productive of good, useful.

-3 liberal, munificent Ms.2.19.

-4 favour- able, compliant. (

-दः) N. of Kubera.

-दर्शकः 'one who sees law-suits'; a judge.

-दर्शनम् perception of objects; कुरुते दीप इवार्थदर्शनम् Ki.2.33; Dk.155.

-दूषणम् 1 extravagance, waste; H.3.18; Ms.7.48.

-2 unjust seizure of property or withholding what is due.

-3 finding fault with the meaning.

-4 spoiling of another's property.

-दृश् f. Consideration of truth; क्षेमं त्रिलोकगुरुरर्थदृशं च यच्छन् Bhāg.1.86.21.

-दृष्टिः Seeing profit; Bhāg.

-दोषः a literary fault or blemish with regard to the sense, one of the four doṣas or blemishes of literary composition, the other three being परदोष, पदांशदोष, वाक्यदोष; for definitions &c. see K. P.7. अलंकारशेखर of केशवमिश्र who mentions eight types of doṣas as follows: अष्टार्थदोषाः विरस, -ग्राम्य, -व्याहत, -खिन्नताः । -हीना, -धिका, सदृक्साम्यं देशादीनां विरोधि च ॥ 17

-द्वयविधानम् Injunction of two ideas or senses; विधाने चार्थद्वयविधानं दोषः ŚB. on MS.1.8.7.

-नित्य a. = अर्थ- प्रधान Nir.

-निबन्धन a. dependent on wealth.

-निश्चयः determination, decision.

-प्रतिः 1 'the lord of riches', a a king; किंचिद् विहस्यार्थपतिं बभाषे R.2.46;1.59;9.3;18.1; Pt.1.74.

-2 an epithet of Kubera.

-पदम् N. of the Vārt. on Pāṇini; ससूत्रवृत्त्यर्थपदं महार्थं ससंग्रहं सिद्ध्यति वै कपीन्द्रः Rām.7.36.45.

-पर, -लुब्ध a.

1 intent on gaining wealth, greedy of wealth, covetous.

-2 niggardly, parsimonious; हिंस्रा दयालुरपि चार्थपरा वदान्या Bh.2.47; Pt.1.425.

-प्रकृतिः f. the leading source or occasion of the grand object in a drama; (the number of these 'sources' is five:-- बीजं बिन्दुः पताका च प्रकरी कार्यमेव च । अर्थप्रकृतयः पञ्च ज्ञात्वा योज्या यथाविधि S. D.317.)

-प्रयोगः 1 usury.

-2 administration of the affairs (of a state)

-प्राप्त a. derived or understood from the sense included as a matter of course, implied; परिसमाप्तिः शब्दार्थः । परिसमाप्त्यामर्थप्राप्तत्वादारम्भस्य । ŚB. on MS.6.2.13.

-˚त्वम् Inplication.

-बन्धः 1 arrange- ment of words, composition, text; stanza, verse; संचिन्त्य गीतक्षममर्थबन्धम् Ś.7.5; ललितार्थबन्धम् V.2.14 put or expressed in elegant words.

-2. connection (of the soul) with the objects of sense.

-बुद्धि a. selfish.

-बोधः indication of the (real) import.

-भाज् a. entitled to a share in the division of property.

-भावनम् Delibera- tion over a subject (Pātañjala Yogadarśana 1.28).

-भृत् a. receiving high wages (as a servant).

-भेदः distinc- tion or difference of meaning; अर्थभेदेन शब्दभेदः.

-मात्रम्, -त्रा 1 property, wealth; Pt.2.

-2 the whole sense or object.

-युक्त a. significant, full of यस्यार्थयुक्तं meaning; गिरिराजशब्दं कुर्वन्ति Ku.1.13.

-लक्षण a. As determined by the purpose or need (as opposed to शब्दलक्षण); लोके कर्मार्थलक्षणम् Ms.11.1.26.

-लाभः acquisition of wealth.

-लोभः avarice.

-वशः power in the form of discrimination and knowledge. अर्थवशात् सप्तरूपविनिवृत्ताम् Sāvk.65.

-वादः 1 declaration of any purpose.

-2 affirmation, declaratory assertion, an explanatory remark, exegesis; speech or assertion having a certain object; a sentence. (It usually recommends a विधि or precept by stating the good arising from its proper observance, and the evils arising from its omission, and also by adducing historical instances in its support; स्तुतिर्निन्दा परकृतिः पुराकल्प इत्यर्थवादः Gaut. Sūt.; said by Laugākṣi to be of 3 kinds:- गुणवादो विरोधे स्यादनु वादो$वधारिते । भूतार्थवादस्तद्धानादर्थ- वादस्त्रिधा मतः; the last kind includes many varieties.)

-3 one of the six means of finding out the tātparya (real aim and object) of any work.

-4 praise, eulogy; अर्थवाद एषः । दोषं तु मे कंचित्कथय U.1.

-विकरणम् = अर्थ- विक्रिया change of meaning.

-विकल्पः 1 deviation from truth, perversion of fact.

-2 prevarication; also ˚वैकल्प्यम्

-विज्ञानम् comprehending the sense, one of the six exercises of the understanding (धीगुण).

-विद् a. sensible, wise, sagacious. भुङ्क्ते तदपि तच्चान्यो मधुहेवार्थविन्मधु Bhāg.11.18.15. विवक्षतामर्थविदस्तत्क्षणप्रतिसंहृताम् Śi.

-विद्या knowledge of practical life; Mb.7.

-विपत्तिः Failing of an aim; समीक्ष्यतां चार्थविपत्तिमार्गताम् Rām.2.19.4.

-विभावक a. money-giver; विप्रेभ्यो$र्थविभावकः Mb.3.33. 84.

-विप्रकर्षः difficulty in the comprehension of the sense.

-विशेषणम् a reprehensive repetition of something uttered by another; S. D.49.

-वृद्धिः f. accumulation of wealth.

-व्ययः expenditure; ˚ज्ञ a. conversant with money-matters.

-शब्दौ Word and sense.

-शालिन् a. Wealthy.

-शास्त्रम् 1 the science of wealth (political economy).

-2 science of polity, political science, politics; अर्थशास्त्रविशारदं सुधन्वानमुपाध्यायम् Rām.2.1.14. Dk.12; इह खलु अर्थशास्त्रकारास्त्रिविधां सिद्धिमुपवर्णयन्ति Mu.3; ˚व्यवहारिन् one dealing with politics, a politician; Mu.5.

-3 science giving precepts on general conduct, the science of practical life; Pt.1.

-शौचम् purity or honesty in money-matters; सर्वेषां चैव शौचानामर्थशौचं परं स्मृतं Ms. 5.16.

-श्री Great wealth.

-संस्थानम् 1 accumulation of wealth.

-2 treasury.

-संग्रहः, -संचयः accumulation or acquisition of wealth, treasure, property. कोशेनाश्रयणी- यत्वमिति तस्यार्थसंग्रहः R.17.6. कुदेशमासाद्य कुतो$र्थसंचयः H.

-संग्रहः a book on Mīmāṁsā by Laugākṣi Bhāskara.

-सतत्त्वम् truth; किं पुनरत्रार्थसतत्त्वम् । देवा ज्ञातुमर्हन्ति MBh. or P.VIII.3.72.

-समाजः aggregate of causes.

-समाहारः 1 treasure.

-2 acquisition of wealth.

-संपद् f. accomplishment of a desired object; उपेत्य संघर्ष- मिवार्थसंपदः Ki.1.15.

-संपादनम् Carrying out of an affair; Ms.7.168.

-संबन्धः connection of the sense with the word or sentence.

-संबन्धिन् a. Concerned or interested in an affair; Ms.8.64.

-साधक a.

1 accomplishing any object.

-2 bringing any matter to a conclusion.

-सारः considerable wealth; Pt.2.42.

-सिद्ध a. understood from the very context (though not expressed in words), inferable from the connection of words.

-सिद्धिः f. fulfilment of a desired object, success. द्वारमिवार्थसिद्धेः R.2.21.

-हानिः Loss of wealth

-हारिन् a. stealing money Ks.

-हर a. inheriting wealth.

-हीन a.

1 deprived of wealth, poor.

-2 unmeaning, nonsensical.

-3 failing.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > अर्थः _arthḥ
111 introduce

transitive verb

1) (bring in) [erstmals] einführen [Ware, Tier, Pflanze] ( into in + Akk.; from... into von... nach); einleiten [Maßnahmen]; einschleppen [Krankheit]

2) einführen [Katheter, Schlauch] ( into in + Akk.); stecken [Schlüssel, Draht, Rohr, Schlauch] ( into in + Akk.)

3) (bring into use) einführen [Neuerung, Verfahren, Brauch, Nomenklatur]; aufbringen [Schlagwort]

4) (make known) vorstellen; einführen [Vortragenden]

introduce oneself/somebody [to somebody] — sich/jemanden [jemandem] vorstellen

I introduced them to each other — ich machte sie miteinander bekannt

I don't think we've been introduced — ich glaube, wir kennen uns noch nicht

5) (usher in, begin, precede) einleiten [Buch, Thema, Musikstück, Epoche]

6) (present) ankündigen [Programm, Darsteller]

7) (Parl.) einbringen [Antrag, Entwurf, Gesetz]; einleiten [Reform]

* * *
[intrə'dju:s]
verb

1) ((often with to) to make (people) known by name to each other: He introduced the guests (to each other); Let me introduce you to my mother; May I introduce myself? I'm John Brown.) vorstellen

2) ((often with into) to bring in (something new): Grey squirrels were introduced into Britain from Canada; Why did you introduce such a boring subject (into the conversation)?) einführen, einbringen

3) (to propose or put forward: He introduced a bill in Parliament for the abolition of income tax.) einbringen

4) ((with to) to cause (a person) to get to know (a subject etc): Children are introduced to algebra at about the age of eleven.) einführen

•

- academic.ru/39052/introduction">introduction
- introductory
* * *

intro·duce

[ˌɪntrəˈdju:s, AM -ˈdu:s]

vt

1. (acquaint)

▪ to \introduce sb [to sb] jdn [jdm] vorstellen

I'd like to \introduce my son Mark ich möchte meinen Sohn Mark vorstellen

have you two been \introduced? hat man euch beide schon bekanntgemacht?

I don't think we've been \introduced yet ich glaube, wir kennen uns noch nicht

let me \introduce myself darf ich mich vorstellen?; (arouse interest)

when were you first \introduced to sailing? wann hast du mit dem Segeln angefangen?

2. (bring in)

▪ to \introduce sth fashion, reform, subject etw einführen

you should try introducing a few jokes into your next speech du solltest in deine nächste Rede ein paar Witze einbauen

errors were \introduced into the text at keyboarding bei der Eingabe des Textes schlichen sich Fehler ein

the tube is \introduced into the abdomen MED die Röhre wird in den Unterleib eingeführt

to \introduce a bill ein Gesetz einbringen

to \introduce controls on prizes/wages Preis-/Lohnkontrollen einführen

to \introduce an era eine Ära einleiten

3. (announce)

▪ to \introduce sth etw vorstellen; MUS etw einleiten

to \introduce a programme ein Programm ankündigen

* * *
["ɪntrə'djuːs]
vt

1) (= make acquainted) (to person) vorstellen (to sb jdm), bekannt machen (to mit); (butler) ankündigen; (to subject) einführen (to in +acc)

have you two been introduced? — hat man Sie bekannt gemacht?

I don't think we've been introduced — ich glaube nicht, dass wir uns kennen

to introduce oneself — sich vorstellen

allow me to or let me introduce myself — darf ich mich vorstellen?

he was introduced to drink at an early age — er hat schon früh Bekanntschaft mit dem Alkohol gemacht

who introduced him to heroin? — durch wen ist er ans Heroin geraten?

he was introduced to flying by a friend — er ist durch einen Freund zum Fliegen gekommen

I introduced him to the firm — ich habe ihn in die Firma eingeführt

2) fashion, practice, reform, invention einführen; (PARL) bill einbringen; mood, competition bringen (into in +acc); book, subject, era einleiten; (= announce) speaker vorstellen, ankündigen; programme ankündigen

to introduce sth onto the market — etw auf den Markt bringen, etw auf dem Markt einführen

3) (= insert) einführen (into in +acc)

* * *

introduce [ˌıntrəˈdjuːs; US auch -ˈduːs] v/t

1. eine neue Methode etc einführen

2. (to) jemanden bekannt machen (mit), vorstellen (dat):

introduce o.s. sich vorstellen;

I don’t think we’ve been introduced ich glaube nicht, dass wir uns kennen

3. jemanden einführen (at bei)

4. (to) jemanden einführen (in eine Wissenschaft etc), bekannt machen (mit einer Sache):

he was introduced to drink as a boy er machte schon als Junge mit dem Alkohol Bekanntschaft

5. ein Thema etc anschneiden, zur Sprache bringen, aufwerfen

6. eine neue Epoche etc einleiten

7. einen Redner, ein Programm etc ankündigen, ( RADIO, TV) ein Programm etc anmoderieren

8. eine Krankheit einschleppen ( into in akk)

9. einen Gedanken etc, PARL eine Gesetzesvorlage einbringen ( into in akk)

10. (into)

a) einfügen (in akk), neu hinzufügen (zu)

b) herein-, hineinbringen (in akk)

c) hineinstecken, einführen (in akk):

introduce a probe eine Sonde einführen

* * *

transitive verb

1) (bring in) [erstmals] einführen [Ware, Tier, Pflanze] ( into in + Akk.; from... into von... nach); einleiten [Maßnahmen]; einschleppen [Krankheit]

2) einführen [Katheter, Schlauch] ( into in + Akk.); stecken [Schlüssel, Draht, Rohr, Schlauch] ( into in + Akk.)

3) (bring into use) einführen [Neuerung, Verfahren, Brauch, Nomenklatur]; aufbringen [Schlagwort]

4) (make known) vorstellen; einführen [Vortragenden]

introduce oneself/somebody [to somebody] — sich/jemanden [jemandem] vorstellen

I introduced them to each other — ich machte sie miteinander bekannt

I don't think we've been introduced — ich glaube, wir kennen uns noch nicht

5) (usher in, begin, precede) einleiten [Buch, Thema, Musikstück, Epoche]

6) (present) ankündigen [Programm, Darsteller]

7) (Parl.) einbringen [Antrag, Entwurf, Gesetz]; einleiten [Reform]

* * *

v.

anfangen v.

anschneiden (Thema, Frage) v.

aufwerfen v.

einbringen (Gesetzesvorlage) v.

einbringen (Thema, Frage) v.

einführen v.

einleiten v.

einschleppen (Seuche) v.

einsetzen v.

einweisen v.

eröffnen v.

heranführen v.

hereinbringen v.

vorstellen v.

English-german dictionary > introduce
112 in

in [ɪn]

dans ⇒ 1A (a)-(e), 1B (c), 1C (d), 1D (a), 1F (a) à ⇒ 1A (g), 1F (b) en ⇒ 1A (h), 1B (a), 1B (b), 1C (a), 1C (b), 1C (d), 1E (b), 1F (b) chez ⇒ 1C (f) sur ⇒ 1G (b) à l'intérieur ⇒ 2A (a) à la mode ⇒ 2E (b), 3 (a)

1 preposition

A.

(a) (within a defined area or space) dans;

∎ in a box dans une boîte;

∎ what have you got in your pockets? qu'est-ce que tu as dans tes poches?;

∎ she was sitting in an armchair elle était assise dans un fauteuil;

∎ in the house dans la maison;

∎ in Catherine's house chez Catherine;

∎ they're playing in the garden/living room/street ils jouent dans le jardin/le salon/la rue;

∎ we live in a village nous habitons un village;

∎ he's still in bed/in the bath il est encore au lit/dans son bain;

∎ she shut herself up in her bedroom elle s'est enfermée dans sa chambre;

∎ the light's gone in the fridge la lumière du réfrigérateur ne marche plus;

∎ Law in camera à huis clos

(b) (within an undefined area or space) dans;

∎ she trailed her hand in the water elle laissait traîner sa main dans l'eau;

∎ there's a smell of spring in the air ça sent le printemps;

∎ we swam in the sea nous nous sommes baignés dans la mer

(c) (indicating movement) dans;

∎ put it in your pocket mets-le dans ta poche;

∎ throw the letter in the bin jette la lettre à la poubelle;

∎ we headed in the direction of the port nous nous sommes dirigés vers le port

(d) (contained by a part of the body) dans;

∎ he had a knife in his hand il avait un couteau dans ou à la main;

∎ she held her tight in her arms elle la serrait dans ses bras;

∎ with tears in his eyes les larmes aux yeux

(e) (on or behind a surface) dans;

∎ a hole in the wall un trou dans le mur;

∎ there were deep cuts in the surface la surface était marquée de profondes entailles;

∎ a reflection in the mirror un reflet dans la glace;

∎ how much is that jumper in the window? combien coûte ce pull dans la vitrine?;

∎ who's that man in the photo? qui est cet homme sur la photo?

(f) (in a specified institution)

∎ she's in hospital/in prison elle est à l'hôpital/en prison;

∎ he teaches in a language school il enseigne dans une école de langues

(g) (with geographical names)

∎ in Paris à Paris;

∎ in France en France;

∎ in Afghanistan en Afghanistan;

∎ in the States aux États-Unis;

∎ in Portugal au Portugal;

∎ in the Pacific dans l'océan Pacifique;

∎ in the Third World dans les pays du tiers-monde

(h) (wearing) en;

∎ he was in a suit il était en costume;

∎ she was still in her dressing gown elle était encore en robe de chambre;

∎ he always dresses in green il s'habille toujours en vert;

∎ who's that woman in the hat? qui est la femme avec le ou au chapeau?;

∎ in uniform/mourning en uniforme/deuil

(i) (covered by)

∎ sardines in tomato sauce des sardines à la sauce tomate;

∎ beef in a red wine sauce bœuf mijoté dans une sauce au vin rouge;

∎ fish in breadcrumbs poisson pané;

∎ we were up to our waists in mud nous étions dans la boue jusqu'à la taille

B.

(a) (during a specified period of time) en;

∎ in 1992 en 1992;

∎ in March en mars, au mois de mars;

∎ in the thirties dans les années trente;

∎ in (the) summer/autumn/winter en été/automne/hiver;

∎ in (the) spring au printemps;

∎ he doesn't work in the afternoon/morning il ne travaille pas l'après-midi/le matin;

∎ I'll come in the afternoon/morning je viendrai l'après-midi/le matin;

∎ at 5 o'clock in the afternoon/morning à 5 heures de l'après-midi/du matin;

∎ in the future à l'avenir;

∎ in the past autrefois

(b) (within a specified period of time) en;

∎ he cooked the meal in ten minutes il prépara le repas en dix minutes

(c) (after a specified period of time) dans;

∎ I'll be back in five minutes je reviens dans cinq minutes, j'en ai pour cinq minutes

(d) (indicating a long period of time)

∎ we haven't had a proper talk in ages nous n'avons pas eu de véritable conversation depuis très longtemps;

∎ I hadn't seen her in years ça faisait des années que je ne l'avais pas vue

(e) (during a specified temporary situation)

∎ in my absence en ou pendant mon absence;

∎ in the ensuing chaos dans la confusion qui s'ensuivit

C.

(a) (indicating arrangement, shape) en;

∎ in five rows/parts en cinq rangées/parties;

∎ stand in a circle mettez-vous en cercle;

∎ line up in twos mettez-vous par deux;

∎ cut the cake in three/in half coupe le gâteau en trois/en deux;

∎ she had her hair up in a ponytail ses cheveux étaient relevés en queue de cheval

(b) (indicating form, method)

∎ in cash en liquide;

∎ in writing par écrit;

∎ in English/French en anglais/français;

∎ written in ink écrit à l'encre;

∎ do you have these shoes in a 5? est-ce que vous auriez ces chaussures en 38?;

∎ have you got this jacket in a large? est-ce que vous auriez cette veste dans une taille plus grande?;

∎ does it come in red? est-ce que ça existe ou est-ce que ça se fait en rouge?

(c) (indicating state of mind)

∎ she's in a bit of a state elle est dans tous ses états;

∎ to be in love être amoureux;

∎ don't keep us in suspense ne nous tiens pas en haleine plus longtemps;

∎ he watched in wonderment il regardait avec émerveillement

(d) (indicating state, situation) dans, en;

∎ in the present circumstances dans les circonstances actuelles;

∎ in the dark dans l'obscurité;

∎ in this weather par ou avec ce temps;

∎ in the sun au soleil;

∎ in the rain/snow sous la pluie/neige;

∎ in danger/silence en danger/silence;

∎ in my presence en ma présence;

∎ she's got her leg in plaster elle a une jambe plâtrée ou dans le plâtre

(e) (referring to plants and animals)

∎ in blossom en fleur ou fleurs;

∎ in pup/calf/cub plein;

∎ American in heat en chaleur

(f) (among) chez;

∎ a disease common in five-year-olds une maladie très répandue chez les enfants de cinq ans;

∎ the sense of smell is more developed in dogs l'odorat est plus développé chez les chiens

D.

(a) (forming part of) dans;

∎ in chapter six dans le chapitre six;

∎ we were standing in a queue nous faisions la queue;

∎ she's appearing in his new play/film elle joue dans sa nouvelle pièce/son nouveau film;

∎ he has two Picassos in his collection il a deux Picasso dans sa collection;

∎ this is a common theme in Shakespeare's work c'est un thème fréquent dans les œuvres de Shakespeare;

∎ the best player in the team le meilleur joueur de l'équipe;

∎ how many feet are there in a metre? combien de pieds y a-t-il dans un mètre?;

∎ service is included in the price le service est inclus dans le prix

(b) (indicating a personality trait)

∎ she hasn't got it in her to be nasty elle est bien incapable de méchanceté;

∎ I didn't think she had it in her je ne l'en croyais pas capable;

∎ it's the Irish in me c'est mon côté irlandais

(c) (indicating feelings about a person or thing)

∎ she has no confidence in him elle n'a aucune confiance en lui;

∎ they showed no interest in my work mon travail n'a pas eu l'air de les intéresser le moins du monde

(d) (according to)

∎ in my opinion or view à mon avis

E.

(a) (indicating purpose, cause)

∎ he charged the door in an effort to get free dans un effort pour se libérer, il donna un grand coup dans la porte;

∎ in reply or response to your letter... en réponse à votre lettre...;

∎ there's no point in complaining il est inutile de ou ça ne sert à rien de se plaindre

(b) (as a result of) en;

∎ in doing so, you only encourage him en faisant cela, vous ne faites que l'encourager;

∎ in attempting to save her son's life, she almost died en essayant de sauver son fils, elle a failli mourir

(c) (as regards)

∎ it's five feet in length ça fait cinq pieds de long;

∎ the town has grown considerably in size la ville s'est beaucoup agrandie;

∎ a change in direction un changement de direction;

∎ he's behind in maths il ne suit pas en maths;

∎ spinach is rich in iron les épinards sont riches en fer;

∎ we've found the ideal candidate in Richard nous avons trouvé en Richard le candidat idéal

(d) (indicating source of discomfort)

∎ I've got a pain in my arm j'ai une douleur au ou dans le bras

F.

(a) (indicating specified field, sphere of activity) dans;

∎ to be in the army/navy être dans l'armée/la marine;

∎ she's in advertising elle est dans la publicité;

∎ an expert in economics un expert en économie politique;

∎ he's in business with his sister il dirige une entreprise avec sa sœur;

∎ there have been tremendous advances in the treatment of cancer de grands progrès ont été faits dans le traitement du cancer;

∎ a degree in Italian une licence d'italien

(b) (indicating activity engaged in)

∎ our days were spent in swimming and sailing nous passions nos journées à nager et à faire de la voile;

∎ they spent hours (engaged) in complex negotiations ils ont passé des heures en négociations difficiles;

∎ you took your time in getting here! tu en as mis du temps à venir!

G.

(a) (indicating approximate number, amount)

∎ people arrived in droves/in dribs and drabs les gens sont arrivés en foule/par petits groupes;

∎ they came in their thousands ils sont venus par milliers;

∎ he's in his forties il a la quarantaine;

∎ the temperature was in the nineties la température était dans les trente degrés

(b) (in ratios) sur;

∎ one child in three un enfant sur trois;

∎ a one-in-five hill une pente de 20 pour cent;

∎ once in ten years une fois tous les dix ans

2 adverb

A.

(a) (into an enclosed space) à l'intérieur, dedans;

∎ she opened the door and looked in elle ouvrit la porte et regarda à l'intérieur;

∎ he jumped in il sauta dedans

(b) (indicating movement from outside to inside)

∎ breathe in then out inspirez puis expirez;

∎ we can't take in any more refugees nous ne pouvons pas accueillir plus de réfugiés;

∎ she's been in and out of mental hospitals all her life elle a passé presque toute sa vie dans des hôpitaux psychiatriques;

∎ she and I were always in and out of each other's houses nous étions tout le temps fourrées l'une chez l'autre

(c) (at home or place of work)

∎ is your wife/the boss in? est-ce que votre femme/le patron est là?;

∎ it's nice to spend an evening in c'est agréable de passer une soirée chez soi;

∎ to eat/to stay in manger/rester à la maison;

∎ we've got the builders in nous avons des ouvriers à la maison;

∎ he usually comes in about 10 o'clock en général, il est là vers 10 heures;

∎ familiar what's he in for? (in prison) pourquoi est-ce qu'il fait de la tôle?; (in hospital) pourquoi est-ce qu'il est à l'hôpital?^□

B.

(a) (indicating entry)

∎ to go in entrer;

∎ come in! entrez!;

∎ to saunter/to run in entrer d'un pas nonchalant/en courant;

∎ in we go! on y va!

(b) (indicating arrival)

∎ the bus isn't in yet le bus n'est pas encore arrivé;

∎ what time does your train get in? quand est-ce que votre train arrive?

(c) (towards the centre)

∎ the walls fell in les murs se sont écroulés;

∎ the edges bend in le bord est recourbé

(d) (towards the shore)

∎ the tide is in la marée est haute

C.

(a) (indicating transmission)

∎ write in for further information écrivez-nous pour plus de renseignements;

∎ entries must be in by 1 May les bulletins doivent nous parvenir avant le 1 mai;

∎ offers of help poured in les propositions d'aide sont arrivées en masse

(b) (indicating participation, addition)

∎ to be in at the start/finish of sth assister au début/à la fin de qch;

∎ we asked if we could join in nous avons demandé si nous pouvions participer;

∎ stir in the sliced onions ajouter les oignons en lamelles;

∎ fill in the blanks remplissez les espaces vides

D.

(a) Sport (within area of court)

∎ the ball was in la balle était bonne

(b) (in cricket) à l'attaque;

∎ the other side went in first c'est l'autre équipe qui était d'abord à l'attaque

E.

(a) Politics (elected)

∎ he failed to get in at the last election il n'a pas été élu aux dernières élections

(b) (in fashion) à la mode;

∎ short skirts are coming back in les jupes courtes reviennent à la mode

F.

(idioms)

∎ you're in for a bit of a disappointment tu vas être déçu;

∎ he's in for a surprise/shock il va avoir une surprise/un choc;

∎ we're in for a storm nous aurons sûrement de l'orage;

∎ they don't know what they're in for ils ne savent pas ce qui les attend;

∎ now he's really in for it cette fois-ci, il va y avoir droit;

∎ he's in on the secret il est dans le secret;

∎ he's in on it il est dans le coup;

∎ we were all in on the plot on était tous au courant;

∎ I wasn't in on that particular conversation je n'étais pas là pendant cette conversation;

∎ familiar to be in with sb être en bons termes avec qn;

∎ he's trying to get in with the boss il essaie de se faire bien voir du patron

3 adjective familiar

(a) (fashionable) à la mode^□, branché;

∎ that nightclub is very in cette boîte est très à la mode;

∎ it's the in place to go c'est l'endroit branché du moment;

∎ to be the in thing être à la mode;

∎ the in crowd les gens dans le coup

(b) (for a select few)

∎ it's an in joke c'est une plaisanterie entre nous/elles/ etc ^□

4 noun

American familiar (influence)

∎ to have an in avoir de l'influence;

∎ he has an in with the senator il a ses entrées chez le sénateur

5 ins plural noun

∎ the ins and outs (of a situation) les tenants et les aboutissants (d'une situation)

6 in all adverb

en tout;

∎ there are 30 in all il y en a 30 en tout

7 in between

1 adverb

(a) (in intermediate position)

∎ a row of bushes with little clumps of flowers in between une rangée d'arbustes séparés par des petites touffes de fleurs;

∎ he's neither right nor left but somewhere in between il n'est ni de droite ni de gauche mais quelque part entre les deux;

∎ she either plays very well or very badly, never in between elle joue très bien ou très mal, jamais entre les deux

(b) (in time) entretemps, dans l'intervalle

2 preposition

entre

8 in itself adverb

en soi;

∎ the town is not in itself beautiful but it has style la ville n'est pas belle en soi mais elle a de l'allure;

∎ this was in itself an achievement c'était déjà un exploit en soi

9 in that conjunction

puisque;

∎ I'm not badly off in that I have a job and a flat but... je ne peux pas me plaindre puisque j'ai un emploi et un appartement mais...;

∎ we are lucky in that there are only a few of us nous avons de la chance d'être si peu nombreux

►► Computing in box (for e-mail) boîte f de réception, corbeille f d'arrivée

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > in
113 real

adjective

1) (actually existing) real [Gestalt, Ereignis, Lebewesen]; wirklich [Macht]

2) (genuine) echt [Interesse, Gold, Seide]

3) (true) wahr [Grund, Freund, Name, Glück]; echt [Mitleid, Vergnügen, Sieg]

the real thing — (genuine article) der/die/das Echte

be [not] the real thing — [un]echt sein

4) (Econ.) real; Real-

in real terms — real [sinken, steigen]

5)

be for real — (coll.) echt sein; [Angebot, Drohung:] ernst gemeint sein

* * *
[riəl] 1. adjective
1) (which actually exists: There's a real monster in that cave.) echt

2) (not imitation; genuine: real leather; Is that diamond real?) echt

3) (actual: He may own the factory, but it's his manager who is the real boss.) tatsächlich

4) (great: a real surprise/problem.) wirklich
2. adverb
((especially American) very; really: a real nice house.) äußerst

- academic.ru/60536/realist">realist
- realism
- realistic
- realistically
- reality
- really 3. interjection
(an expression of surprise, protest, doubt etc: `I'm going to be the next manager.' `Oh really?'; Really! You mustn't be so rude!) wirklich

- real estate
- for real
- in reality
* * *

real

[rɪəl, AM ri:l]

I. adj

1. (not imaginary) wirklich, real; things dinglich, Sach-; land unbeweglich

in \real life im wirklichen Leben

the \real world die wirkliche Welt

2. (genuine) echt

she is a \real godsend sie ist wahrhaft ein Geschenk des Himmels

\real beauty wahre Schönheit

\real danger echte Gefahr

made of \real leather/silver aus echtem Leder/Silber gefertigt

\real pleasure wahre Freude

it's a \real pleasure to meet you ich bin sehr erfreut, Sie kennenzulernen

to be one's \real self sich akk so geben, wie man ist, ganz man selbst sein

\real threat wirkliche [o reale] Bedrohung

3. (for emphasis)

\real bargain echt günstiges Angebot [o fam Schnäppchen] nt

to be a \real dump die reinste Müllkippe [o ÖSTERR ein wirkliches Loch] sein fam

4. FOOD unbehandelt

\real coffee Bohnenkaffee m

5. ( hum: proper)

a \real man ein richtiger Mann

a \real gentleman ein wahrer Gentleman

6. ( fam: utter)

a \real disaster eine echte Katastrophe fam

7. attr FIN, ECON effektiv, real, Real-

\real earnings [or income] Realeinkommen nt, effektives Einkommen

in \real terms effektiv

\real wages Reallohn m

8. MATH

\real number reelle Zahl

\real quantity reale Menge

9. PHOT

\real image reales [o echtes] Bild

10.

▶ for \real ( fam) echt, wahr

is this letter a joke or is it for \real? ist dieser Brief ein Scherz oder [ist er] ernst gemeint?

▶ get \real! esp AM ( fam) mach dir doch nichts vor!

▶ to be the \real McCoy ( fam) der/die/das einzig Wahre sein fam

▶ the \real thing (not fake) das Echte [o Wahre]; (true love) die wahre Liebe

to look like the \real thing echt aussehen

II. adv esp AM ( fam) wirklich fam, total sl, echt sl

this lemonade is \real good! diese Limonade schmeckt wirklich toll!

* * *
[rɪəl]
1. adj

1) (= genuine) gold, flowers, silk etc, sympathy, joy, desire echt; need, improvement echt, wirklich; (as opposed to substitute) richtig; name richtig; (= true, as opposed to apparent) owner, boss, reason, purpose, state of affairs wirklich, tatsächlich, eigentlich; (= not imaginary) creature, object, life, world wirklich, real (ESP PHILOS); (PHYS, MATH) reell; (ECON) real

you can touch it, it's real —

was the unicorn ever a real creature? — gab es das Einhorn je wirklich or tatsächlich?

in real life — im wirklichen Leben

he has no real power — er hat keine wirkliche Macht

his grief was very real — sein Schmerz war echt, er empfand seinen Schmerz zutiefst

the danger was very real — das war eine ganz reale Gefahr

it's the real thing or McCoy, this whisky! — dieser Whisky ist der echte

"real leather" — echt Leder

it's not the real thing — das ist nicht das Wahre

climbing this hill isn't much when you've done the real thing —

she wanted to see the real Africa — sie wollte das wirkliche Afrika or das tiefe Afrika erleben

the real question is... — die wirkliche Frage ist..., der Kern der Frage ist...

to keep in touch with the real world —

Real Presence (Rel) — Realpräsenz f

get real! (inf) — wach auf!

2) (= proper, complete) richtig; sportsman, gentleman, coward richtig, echt; champion, friend, friendship wahr, echt; threat echt, wirklich; idiot, disaster komplett

it's a real miracle — das ist wirklich or echt (inf) ein Wunder, das ist ein wahres Wunder

it's a real shame — es ist wirklich schade, es ist jammerschade

he doesn't know what real contentment/family life is — er weiß ja nicht, was Zufriedenheit/Familienleben wirklich ist

that's what I call a real car —

that's a real racket — das ist wirklich ein Schwindel

I'm in real trouble — ich bin in großen Schwierigkeiten

to make real money — wirklich viel Geld verdienen, das große Geld verdienen or machen (inf)

3) (FIN: net, overall) income, cost wirklich, tatsächlich; interest rate effektiv

in real terms — effektiv

this increase is equivalent in real terms to... — dieser Anstieg entspricht effektiv...

2. adv (esp US inf)
echt (inf), wirklich
real soon — wirklich bald

we had a real good laugh — wir haben so gelacht

3. n

1)

for real — wirklich, echt (inf)

is that invitation for real? — ist die Einladung ernst gemeint?

is this for real or is it another practice? — ist das echt (inf) or Ernst oder schon wieder eine Übung?

2) (PHILOS)

the real — das Reale, die Wirklichkeit

* * *

real¹ [rıəl; ˈriːəl]

A adj (adv → really)

1. real, tatsächlich, wirklich:

real answer MUS reale Beantwortung (in der Fuge);

taken from real life aus dem Leben gegriffen;

his real name sein richtiger oder bürgerlicher Name;

the Real Presence REL die Realpräsenz (wirkliche Gegenwart Christi im Altarssakrament);

the real reason der wahre Grund;

the real thing umg das (einzig) Wahre;

the real world

a) die Arbeitswelt,

b) die Realität; → representative A 1

2. echt, rein (Seide etc):

real ale Br nach traditionellen Methoden hergestelltes Bier;

real feelings echte oder aufrichtige Gefühle;

“upper real leather” „Obermaterial echt Leder“;

he is a real man er ist ein echter oder wahrer Mann

3. PHIL real:

a) wirklich

b) absolut, unabhängig vom Bewusstsein (existierend)

4. JUR

a) dinglich

b) unbeweglich, Real…:

real account WIRTSCH Sach(wert)konto n;

real action dingliche Klage;

real assets unbewegliches Vermögen, Immobilien;

real capital WIRTSCH Sachkapital n;

real estate ( oder property) Grundeigentum n, -besitz m, Landbesitz m, Liegenschaften pl;

real-estate agency US Immobilienbüro n;

real-estate agent ( oder broker) US Grundstücks-, Immobilienmakler(in);

real growth WIRTSCH reales Wachstum;

real stock WIRTSCH Ist-Bestand m;

real wage WIRTSCH Reallohn m

5. ELEK reell, ohmsch, Wirk…:

real power Wirkleistung f

6. MATH, OPT reell (Zahl, Bild)

B s

1. the real PHIL

a) das Reale oder Wirkliche,

b) die Realität, die Wirklichkeit

2. for real umg wirklich, richtig, echt, im Ernst, tatsächlich:

his threats were for real seine Drohungen waren ernst gemeint

C adv besonders US umg sehr, äußerst

real² [reıˈɑːl] pl -als, -ales [-ˈɑːleıs] s Real m (ehemalige spanische Silbermünze)

* * *

adjective

1) (actually existing) real [Gestalt, Ereignis, Lebewesen]; wirklich [Macht]

2) (genuine) echt [Interesse, Gold, Seide]

3) (true) wahr [Grund, Freund, Name, Glück]; echt [Mitleid, Vergnügen, Sieg]

the real thing — (genuine article) der/die/das Echte

be [not] the real thing — [un]echt sein

4) (Econ.) real; Real-

in real terms — real [sinken, steigen]

5)

be for real — (coll.) echt sein; [Angebot, Drohung:] ernst gemeint sein

* * *

adj.

ausgesprochen adj.

echt adj.

regelrecht adj.

tatsächlich adj.

wirklich adj.

English-german dictionary > real
114 find

1. I
abs

seek, and уе shall find bibl. ищите и обрящите
2. III
1) find smth., smb. find a misplaced letter (one's gloves, her hat, one's lost dog, the lost child, etc.) находить /отыскивать/ затерявшееся письме и т. д.', I ran to find a doctor я побежал за врачом; I don't know where to find time не знаю, где взять время; find a new method (a new island, America, etc.) открывать новый метод и т.д; find the means (ways, data, a market, etc.) изыскивать /находить/ средства и т. д.; where shall I find the money? где мне (раздобыть деньги?, где я возьму деньги?; put the book back where you found it положите книгу обратно на место; leave the windows (the papers, her things, etc.) as one finds them оставить окна и т. д. как есть; we must leave everything as we find it мы ничего не должны трогать; take us as you find us принимайте нас такими, какие мы есть; the book found very few readers книга не была популярна у читателей, на книгу почти не было спроса; the anchor found bottom якорь коснулся дна; the bullet found its mark пуля попала в цель

2) find smth. find the sum (the actual figures, the result, etc.) находить /определять, вычислять/ сумму и т. д.; find the sum of several numbers (the cube root of 71, the value of the unknown quantity, etc.) определить /вычислить/ сумму нескольких чисел и т. д.', what did you find the total? какой у вас получился итог?
3. IV
find smth., smb., in some manner find smth., smb. easily (promptly, suddenly, unexpectedly, by chance, intuitively, etc.) легко и т. д. находить что-л., кого-л.; find smth., smb. somewhere find one's way home (in, there, etc.) находить дорогу домой и т. д.', find smb. in (out) (не) заставать кого-л. дома; I can't find my keys anywhere [я] нигде не могу отыскать свой ключи; find smth., smb. at some time at last he found his way наконец он выбрался на [правильную] дорогу; at last he finds a wife for himself наконец он нашел себе жену
4. V
1) find smb. smth. find her a taxi (him his hat, them a boat, me a good book, etc.) найти ей такой и т. д.; I found him a job я подыскал ему работу

2) find smb., smth. smb., smth. find him a trustworthy man (her a clever girl, it an offence, it a shame, etc.) считать /находить/ его надежным человеком и т. д.', I found him an agreeable person он показался мне приятным человеком, у меня сложилось о нем мнение как о приятном человеке; I find it my duty я считаю это своим долгом
5. VI
1) find smb. in some state find smb. gloomy (fretful, despondent, etc.) застать кого-л. в мрачном и т. д. настроении; I came and found her ill я пришел и увидел, что она больна; find smb. dead обнаружить, что кто-л. умер /мертв/, найти кого-л. мертвым, не застать кого-л. в живых

2) find smb., smth. possessing some quality find smb. funny (ridiculous, foolish, very clever, pleasant, dishonest, etc.) находить /считать/ кого-л. смешным и т. д.; I find him strange today он мне кажется странным сегодня; find smb. guilty (innocent, insane. etc.) признавать кого-л. виновным и т.д., find smth. easy (the translation difficult, the remark helpful, the terms reasonable the bed comfortable, the story boring, it very annoying, etc.) находить /считать/ что-л. легким и т. д.; I find the weather pleasant today сегодня мне погода нравится; find it difficult (impossible, easy, etc.) to understand him (to make her come on time, to remember these figures, etc.) трудно и т. д. понять его и т. д.; we may find it necessary to leave early нам может быть придется рано уйти
6. VII
1) find smth. to do smth. find time to read (place to put it, courage to contradict him, a way to do so, one's way to make both ends meet, etc.) находить время [.чтобы] читать и т. д., he found nothing new to say он ничего нового не мог сказать; find the case to contain a pearl necklace обнаружить, что в футляре лежит жемчужное ожерелье

2) find smth. to possess some quality find smth. to be true (to be false, to be funny, to be unusual, etc.) находить /убеждаться в том/, что это правильно /правда/ и т. д.
7. VIII
find smb. doing smth. find the girl waiting (her crying, the children gathering flowers, etc.) обнаружить /увидеть/. что девушка ждет и т. д.; I found myself disagreeing я вдруг [неожиданно для себя] начал спорить; понял, что я не согласен
8. IX
find smth., smb. in some state find the room locked (the event forgotten, the glass broken, the book borrowed, them gone, him arrested, her beaten up, the child taken from him, etc. обнаружить, что комната заперта и т. д.; find one self surrounded by children оказаться окруженным детьми; I found myself obliged to leave мне пришлось уйти
9. XI
I. be found in some place hares are found in woods зайцы водятся в лесах; pin-trees are found in most European countries сосны растут в большинстве европейских стран; it is found everywhere это можно найти где угодно. be found at some time these qualities are not often found такие качества нечасто встречаются

2)

be found smth. he was found a situation out of tow; ему нашли работу за городом; be found in some state he was found wounded (injured, beaten up, etc.) когда его нашли, увидели /обнаружили/. что он ранен и т. д.; be found somewhere a dagger was found on him when he was searched при обыске у него обнаружили кинжал; be found with smth. that is the only fault to be found with him это его единственный недостаток; it is not the only fault to be found with the play это отнюдь не единственный недостаток пьесы

3)

be found possessing some quality be found useful /of use (invaluable, of interest, etc.) быть признанным /считаться/ полезным и т. д.; he was found guilty его признали виновным; be found that it has been found that... было установлено, что...
10. XVIII
find oneself (at some time/ this author hasn't fount himself yet этот писатель еще не нашел себя
11. XXI1
1) find smth. in (through, etc.) smth. find mistakes in a composition (the required page in the book, a nickel in the street, copper in the mountains, one's way through the forest, etc.) находить ошибки в сочинении и т. д.; find ten stamps in that drawer найти десять марок в том ящике; find smth. in some state find the room in perfect order (the house in a filthy state, my papers in a mess, etc.) находить комнату в полном порядке и т. д. find smth. for smb., smth. find a post for him (time for almost anything, money for his education, etc.) найти ему место / должность / и т. д.; find smth. after smth. find smth. after a careful search найти / обнаружить / что-л. после тщательных поисков

2) find smth. to(about, etc.) smth. find an answer to the problem (all about it, information on the subject, etc.) выяснить / найти / ответ на вопрос и т. д.

3) find smb., smth. in / at, on / some place find smb. at home (in the garden, in the camp, at table, etc.) застать / найти / кого-л. дома и т. д.; I found him still in bed я застал его еще в постели; find oneself in hospital (in prison, on board the ship, etc.) оказаться в больнице и т. д.

4) find its / one's / way (in)to (out of) smth. the river finds its way to the sea река впадает в море; how did it find its way into print? как это попало в печать?; I'll find my way out of these difficulties я сумею найти выход из этих трудностей

5) find smth., smb. in smth., smb. find expression in smth. найти свое выражение в чём-л.; find a true friend in her (a warm supporter in him. etc.) обрести истинного друга в ней и т. д.; I can find по faults in him я не замечаю у него никаких недостатков; find smth. with smb. find happiness with smb. обрести счастье с кем-л.; find smth. for smth. find no reason for smth. не видеть / не находить / [никаких] причин для чего-л.; I can find по excuse for his behaviour я не представляю, как можно оправдать его поведение
12. XXII
find smth. in doing smth. find pleasure in gardening ( joy in dancing, difficulty in speaking aloud, etc.) с удовольствием заниматься садоводством и т. д.
13. XXV
find [that]... find that I was mistaken понять, что я ошибался; find that he could not swim обнаружить, что он не умеет плавать; this letter, I find, arrived yesterday письмо, я вижу / я обнаружил /, пришло вчера

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > find
115 present

I
1. [ʹprez(ə)nt] n

1. настоящее (время)

at present - в настоящее /в данное/ время

for the present - пока; на этот раз

until /up to/ the present - до сих пор, до настоящего времени

there's no time like the present - теперь самое подходящее время (для какого-л. дела); ≅ лучше не откладывать; лови момент

he lives in the present - он живёт сегодняшним днём

2. (the present) грам. настоящее время

3. юр. письмо, документ

by the present - настоящим письмом

these presents, this present - канц. настоящий /сей/ документ

know all men by these presents - настоящим объявляется /доводится до всеобщего сведения/

2. [ʹprez(ə)nt] a

1. присутствующий, имеющийся налицо

present goods - ком. наличный товар

to be present at a meeting [at a lecture] - присутствовать на собрании [на лекции]

to be present to the imagination - жить в воображении

to be present to one's mind /in one's recollection/ - остаться в памяти, быть незабываемым

no one else was present - никого больше не было

some of you present here - некоторые из присутствующих /собравшихся/ здесь

2. настоящий, нынешний, теперешний; современный

the present Cabinet - нынешний кабинет /-ее правительство/

present price - существующая цена

present needs - насущные нужды

present year - текущий год

present fashions - современная мода

in the /under/ present circumstances - при нынешних условиях; при сложившихся обстоятельствах

at the present time - в настоящее время

question of present interest - актуальный вопрос

the present holder of the title - нынешний обладатель титула

3. данный; тот, о котором идёт речь

the present volume - данная книга; рецензируемая книга

the present writer - пишущий эти строки

no excuse in the present case - в данном случае не может быть никакого оправдания

on receipt of the present letter - канц. по получении настоящего письма

4. грам. настоящий

present tense - настоящее время

present participle - причастие настоящего времени

5. уст. быстрый, готовый прийти на помощь, оперативный

♢ present company - присутствующие

present company excluded - о присутствующих не говорят

all present and correct - а) воен. все налицо; б) всё в порядке
II
1. [ʹprez(ə)nt] n

подарок; дар; презент

birthday presents - подарки ко дню рождения

Christmas present - рождественский подарок

to make /to give/ a present of smth. to smb. - подарить что-л. кому-л.

to send smb. as a present - послать кому-л. что-л. в подарок

2. [prıʹzent] v

1. преподносить, дарить; презентовать

to present smb. with a collection of stamps, to present a collection of stamps to smb. - подарить кому-л. коллекцию марок

to present the prizes - вручать призы

2. передавать, посылать

to present best regards - передать сердечный привет

to present one's apologies - приносить извинения

to present one's compliments - засвидетельствовать своё уважение /почтение/

3. 1) подавать, вручать

to present a petition - подать петицию /прошение/

to present documents - представить /вручить/ документы

to present a cheque - ком. предъявить чек

2) часто юр. подавать, передавать на рассмотрение; вчинять иск

to present a case [a subject] for discussion - передать /представить/ дело [вопрос] на рассмотрение

to present in evidence - представлять в качестве доказательства

he presented his case well - он хорошо изложил свои доводы

4. 1) представить, отрекомендовать (кого-л. кому-л.)

allow me to present Mr. A. to you, may I present Mr. A.? - разрешите мне представить вам г-на А.

2) представлять ко двору

5. refl появляться

to present oneself - являться

to present oneself for an examination [for trial, for duty] - явиться на экзамен [на суд, на службу]

as soon as an opportunity presents itself - как только представится случай

6. являть, представлять (собою)

the poor fellow presented a wretched appearance - у бедняги был жалкий вид

her face presented a strange appearance - её лицо выглядело странно

7. обнаруживать, показывать

the case presents several vulnerable points - в этом деле несколько уязвимых пунктов /моментов/

the question presents great difficulties - разрешение вопроса связано с большими трудностями

the statement of accounts presents a balance of £100 in your favour - фин. отчётность показывает сальдо в 100 фунтов стерлингов в вашу пользу

8. 1) театр. показывать, давать, играть ( спектакль), представлять

❝Mosfilm❞presents - фильм... производства киностудии «Мосфильм»

2) арх. показывать (актёра в какой-л. роли)

9. представлять епископу кандидата на духовную должность

10. мед. предлежать

11. направлять; поворачиваться

the actor presented his profile to the camera - актёр повернулся к камере в профиль

♢ to present with a fait accompli - (по)ставить перед совершившимся фактом

to present a bold front см. front I ♢
II
1. [prıʹzent] n воен.

1) взятие на караул

2) взятие на прицел, прицеливание

2. [prıʹzent] v воен.

1) брать ( оружие) на караул

present arms! - на караул!

2) целиться

НБАРС > present
116 conocido2

² = familiar, popular, renowned, known, old friend, commonly seen.

Ex. For anyone involved with online searching, the equipment needed for electronic mail will be familiar: in addition to the microcomputer itself (which is the terminal), an acoustic coupler or modem will be needed.

Ex. Although the fifteenth edition met with some success, it was not generally popular.

Ex. Jorge Luis Borges, though renowned chiefly as author, reflects in his works the very essence of libraries and librarians.

Ex. Calls are being made for a code of ethics for bloggers in which weblogs should explicitly acknowledge known bias, misinformation, unsubstantiated facts and conflicts of interest.

Ex. The Web's full embrace of constant change means that even old friend sites may be unrecognisable after technology facelifts.

Ex. This typology divides humor comics into commonly seen subject areas, such as teen, kiddie, horror, military, and so on = Esta tipología divide los comics de humor en áreas temáticas conocidas como adolescentes, infantil, terror, militar, etc.

----

* algo ya muy conocido y usado = old nag.

* bien conocido = well-known, well-understood.

* búsqueda de documento conocido = known-item search.

* conocido de memoria = rote-familiar.

* conocido de todos = well-known.

* conocido familiarmente = familiarly known.

* conocido internacionalmente = internationally renowned.

* conocido, lo = known, the.

* conocido mundialmente = world-renowned, world-renown.

* conocido por = best remembered for.

* conocido por todos = widely recognised, well-known.

* conocido también como = a.k.a. (also known as).

* de todos conocido = well-known.

* en terreno conocido = on familiar grounds.

* hacerse conocido = word + get out.

* llegar a ser conocido como = become + known as.

* más conocido = best-publicised [best-publicized, -USA], mainstream.

* más conocido como = better known as.

* más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer = better the devil you know (than the devil you don't).

* menos conocido = lesser known.

* mundialmente conocido = world-renowned, world-renown.

* nombre muy conocido = household name, household word.

* poco conocido = obscure, little known.

* por todos conocido = well-known.

* ser algo bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.

* ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.

* ser conocido por = famously, have + a track record of.

* ser conocido por todos = be out in the open.

* ser lo suficientemente conocido como para que = be sufficiently well known for.

* ser muy conocido por = be well known for.

* ser un hecho bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.

* ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.

* terreno conocido = familiar grounds.

Spanish-English dictionary > conocido2
117 real

adj.

1 real (verdadero).

2 royal.

f.

REAL, revised European-American lymphoma classification.

m.

real (moneda) (from Brazil).

no tener un real not to have a penny to one's name

no valer un real (figurative) to be worthless

* * *

real

► adjetivo

1 (regio) royal

■ familia real royal family

■ palacio real royal palace

2 figurado grand, fine

■ es una real moza she's a good-looking girl

► nombre masculino

1 (de feria) fairground

2 (moneda) old Spanish coin worth one quarter of a peseta

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar sin un real to be penniless

no me da la real gana familiar I don't feel like it

no valer un real to be worthless, not be worth tuppence

por real decreto DERECHO by royal decree

————————

real

► adjetivo

1 (verdadero) real

■ en la vida real in real life

■ es un hecho real it's a true story

* * *

adj.

1) teal

2) true

3) royal

* * *
I
ADJ (=verdadero) real

esta vez el dolor era real — this time the pain was real

en la vida real — in real life

la película está basada en hechos reales — the film is based on real o actual events
II
1. ADJ

1) (=de la realeza) royal

la familia real — the royal family

porque no me da la real gana — * because I don't damn well feel like it *

2) † (=espléndido) grand, splendid

una real hembra — hum a fine figure of a woman

2. SM

1) (tb: real de la feria) fairground

2) ( Hist) army camp

- asentar o sentar los reales

ha asentado sus reales en mi casa y de aquí no lo sacas — he's installed himself in my house and you won't get him out of here

3) ( Hist) (Econ) old Spanish coin of 25 céntimos, one quarter of a peseta

no tiene un real — * he hasn't a bean *

* * *
I
adjetivo

1) (verdadero, no ficticio)

un hecho real — a true story

en la vida real — in real life

historias de la vida real — real-life o true-life stories

2) ( de la realeza) royal

la familia real — the royal family

3) (fam) ( uso expletivo)

porque me da la real gana — because I damn well want to (colloq)
II
masculino

1)

a) (Hist) real ( old Spanish coin)

no valer un real — (fam) to be worth nothing

b) (Fin) real ( Brazilian unit of currency)

c) reales masculino plural (AmC fam) ( dinero) cash (colloq)

2) (Mil) camp

sentar or establecer sus or los reales — ejército to set up camp; persona to install oneself

* * *
I
adjetivo

1) (verdadero, no ficticio)

un hecho real — a true story

en la vida real — in real life

historias de la vida real — real-life o true-life stories

2) ( de la realeza) royal

la familia real — the royal family

3) (fam) ( uso expletivo)

porque me da la real gana — because I damn well want to (colloq)
II
masculino

1)

a) (Hist) real ( old Spanish coin)

no valer un real — (fam) to be worth nothing

b) (Fin) real ( Brazilian unit of currency)

c) reales masculino plural (AmC fam) ( dinero) cash (colloq)

2) (Mil) camp

sentar or establecer sus or los reales — ejército to set up camp; persona to install oneself

* * *

real¹

¹ = royal.

Ex: No less prestigious an authority than a royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the charges brought against the man principally responsible for that volume.

* águila real = golden eagle.

* cañada real = droving road.

* carta real = charter.

* glacé real = royal icing, glacé royal.

* Nombre + real = majesty's + Nombre.

* pagar derechos reales = pay + royalty.

* pavo real = peacock.

real²

² = actual, flesh-and-blood, genuine, real, real-world, real-life, on the ground, factual.

Ex: It presents a case study based on an actual situation which arose between the chief librarian of a public library and the library janitor.

Ex: It is in this way that students gain experience by proxy and get a feel for handling problems in the flesh-and-blood world.

Ex: A general paper may be irrelevant to a specialist but of genuine value to someone seeking a brief introduction to a field peripheral to their main interest.

Ex: In this case we find a tendency to ignore the author's identity as found in the document, and to prefer instead a real name to a pseudonym.

Ex: It is unfortunate that there is a dearth of real-world logged data to explore usage and problems.

Ex: Many librarians find such theories difficult to put into practice in real-life situations.

Ex: It is difficult to know just to what extent vague concepts like 'the flow of information in a democratic society' actually result in services on the ground.

Ex: No one, in this purely hypothetical example, has thought that the reader might be happy with a factual account of an Atlantic convoy as well as, or in place of, a purely fictional account.

* comprobación en la práctica real = field test.

* en la práctica real = in actual practice.

* en la vida real = in real life.

* en términos reales = in real terms, in actual practice.

* experiencia del mundo real = real-world training.

* formación en el mundo real = real-world training.

* hecho real = brute fact.

* hechos reales = true story.

* mundo real, el = real world, the.

* práctica real = actual practice.

* real y verdaderamente = really and truly.

* solución poco real = pie in the sky solution.

* tamaño real = full-size.

* vida real = real life.

* * *

real¹

adjective

A

(verdadero, no ficticio): el libro narra un hecho real the book tells a true story

es muy distinta en la vida real she's very different in real life

historias de la vida real real-life stories, true o true-life stories

B (de la realeza) royal

la familia real the royal family

por real decreto by royal decree

la Real Academia Española de la Lengua the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language

Compuesto:

real sitio

masculine summer residence ( of the Spanish monarchs)

C ( fam)

(uso expletivo): porque me da la real gana because I damn well want to ( colloq)

real²

masculine

A

1 (moneda) real (old Spanish coin worth a quarter of a peseta, also a Peruvian 10 centavo coin)

estar sin un real ( fam); to be flat broke ( colloq)

estoy sin un real I'm flat broke, I don't have a penny o ( AmE) a dime ( colloq)

no valer un real ( fam); to be worth nothing

los terrenos no valen ni un real the land isn't worth a penny o is worthless

2 ( Fin) real ( Brazilian unit of currency)

3 reales mpl ( AmC fam) (dinero) cash ( colloq)

B

1 ( Mil) camp

sentar or establecer sus or los reales «ejército» to set up camp;

«persona» to install* oneself; «empresa» to set up

2

(recinto): real de la feria fairground

* * *

real adjetivo
a) (verdadero, no ficticio):

◊ un hecho real a true story;

en la vida real in real life;
historias de la vida real real-life o true-life stories
b) ( de la realeza) royal;

◊ porque me da la real gana (fam) because I damn well want to (colloq)

■ sustantivo masculino
a) (Hist) real ( old Spanish coin);

◊ no valer un real (fam) to be worth nothing

b) (Fin) real ( Brazilian unit of currency)

c)

◊ reales sustantivo masculino plural (AmC fam) ( dinero) cash (colloq)

real 1 adj (no ficticio) real: fue una sensación muy real, it was a very vivid feeling
una historia basada en hechos reales, a true-life story ➣ Ver nota en actual
real 2 adj (relativo a la realeza) royal
' real' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
academia
- actual
- águila
- alteza
- armar
- batalla
- berenjenal
- bien
- bocazas
- botadura
- buena
- bueno
- caballero
- calvario
- campeonato
- comistrajo
- cómitre
- concreta
- concreto
- conquistador
- conquistadora
- corte
- desengañarse
- desperdicio
- efectiva
- efectivo
- elemento
- espectáculo
- esperpento
- expolio
- follón
- gaita
- guardia
- hecha
- hecho
- histórica
- histórico
- inmobiliaria
- inmobiliario
- inmueble
- jalea
- joya
- lacrimógena
- lacrimógeno
- legítima
- legítimo
- macho
- maestría
- mentir
- muy
English:
AA
- actual
- bumpkin
- chalk up
- character
- deduce
- dinosaur
- doll
- dope
- drip
- dump
- effective
- eye-opener
- go-getter
- godsend
- going-over
- golden eagle
- gut
- heyday
- hick
- hole
- host
- juggling act
- live
- loony
- mine
- misery
- mismatch
- nothing
- nut
- peacock
- predicament
- pushover
- real
- real estate
- real-life
- RN
- royal
- shirt
- sight
- snuff movie
- state
- sweat
- telling-off
- term
- thrashing
- to-do
- tough
- trial
- true

* * *

real

♦ adj

1. [verdadero] real;

existe un peligro real de que explote there is a real danger that it may explode;

una historia real a true story

2. [de la realeza] royal

Comp
Real Academia Española (de la Lengua) = institution that sets lexical and grammatical standards for Spanish;
real decreto = name given to acts passed by the Spanish parliament when appearing in the official gazette;
Hist royal decree;
Comp
Fam
por real decreto: tenemos que volver a casa a las diez por real decreto it has been decreed that we should be back home by ten o'clock

♦ nm

1. [moneda] [de Brasil] real;
Hist [de España]= old Spanish coin worth one quarter of a peseta;
Comp

cuatro reales: lo compró por cuatro reales she bought it for next to nothing;

Comp

no tener un real not to have a penny to one's name;

Comp

no valer un real to be worthless

2. Comp

sentar el real, sentar los reales [ejército] to set up camp;
[persona] to settle down
* * *

real

I adj

1 ( regio) royal

2 ( verdadero) real

II m fig

:

(a)sentar sus reales set up camp

* * *

real adj

1) : real, true

2) : royal

* * *

real adj

1. (auténtico) true / real

está basado en hechos reales it's based on a true story

el mundo real the real world

2. (del rey) royal

el palacio real the royal palace

Spanish-English dictionary > real
118 πράσσω

πράσσω impf. ἔπρασσον; fut. πράξω; 1 aor. ἔπραξα; pf. πέπραχα. Pass.: 1 aor. ἐπράχθην; pf. ptc. πεπραγμένος (Hom.+ [the Attic form πράττω Ac 17:7 v.l.; 19:36 v.l.; Col 4:9 v.l., cp. Gignac I 151; for ins Threatte II 650f]; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Test12Patr; Just., D. 35, 7 opp. λόγος).

① to bring about or accomplish someth. through activity, trans.

ⓐ do, accomplish (oft. used without distinction betw. itself and ποιεῖν, as Diod S 16, 27, 1 ἔξεστιν αὐτῷ πράττειν ὸ̔ βούλεται. Cp. Ro 1:32; 2:3; IMg 7:1). τὶ someth. προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς … τί μέλλετε πράσσειν Ac 5:35; πάντα πρ. IMg 4; 6:1; cp. 7:1; ITr 2:2 al. πρᾶξιν πράσσειν (s. also farther below) do a deed, do someth. Hs 5, 2, 11; τὰ πνευματικὰ πρ. do spiritual things IEph 8:2a. ἄξια τῆς μετανοίας ἔργα πρ. do deeds that are consistent with repentance, act in a manner consistent etc. Ac 26:20. τὴν δικαιοσύνην 2 Cl 19:3 (cp. Xenophanes 1, 16 Diehl² τὰ δίκαια πρήσσειν). εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φαῦλον 2 Cor 5:10; cp. Ro 9:11.—1 Cor 9:17; Eph 6:21; Phil 4:9.—Pass. οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐν γωνίᾳ πεπραγμένον τοῦτο Ac 26:26.—Mostly of actions that are not praiseworthy (TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 8 [Stone p. 78] εἴ τι ἔπραξεν ἐκ νεότητος αὐτῆς; ApcEsdr 4:24 μικρὸν θέλημα πράξας) do, commit τὶ someth. Lk 22:23; 23:41a; Ro 1:32ab; 2:1–3; 7:15; 2 Cor 12:21 (ᾗ by attraction for ἥν); Gal 5:21; 1 Cl 35:6; 2 Cl 4:5; 10:5; Hm 3:3; D 1:5 (περὶ ὧν = περὶ τούτων ἅ). τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο πρ. 1 Cor 5:2 (Herodas 3, 62; cp. 82 ἔργα πράσσειν=commit evil deeds; τὸ ἔργον πρ. as Jos., Vi. 47). τὴν πολυτέλειαν τῶν ἐθνῶν πρ. Hs 1:10; ἄτοπον τι πρ. Lk 23:41b (ἄτοπος 2). (τὸ) κακόν (Pr 13:10 κακά; Jos., Ant. 19, 193) Ro 7:19; 13:4. τὸ πονηρόν Hm 10, 2, 4. πονηρά 2 Cl 8:2; 19:2. πονηρὰ ἔργα Hs 6, 3, 5; cp. 6. πονηρίαν 8, 8, 2. προπετές τι Ac 19:36. (τὰ) φαῦλα J 3:20; 5:29. πρᾶξιν πράσσειν commit a(n evil) deed (πρᾶξις 4b) Hm 4, 2, 2; 10, 2, 3 (ᾗ by attraction for ἥν); pl. Hs 8, 9, 4; 8, 10, 4. ἄλλα τινὰ πράσσοντες ἀνάξια θεοῦ while doing certain other things unworthy of God IEph 7:1. ἄξιον θανάτου πράσσειν τι do someth. worthy of death Ac 25:11, 25; 26:31; pass. οὐδὲν ἄξιον θανάτου ἐστὶν πεπραγμένον αὐτῷ (by him, B-D-F §191; Rob. 534; cp. Demosth. 29, 1 τὰ τούτῳ πεπραγμένα; Diod S 17, 1, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 44 §180 τὰ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα; Chariton 2, 5, 8 πέπρακταί σοί τι δεινόν=a terrible deed has been committed by you; Syntipas p. 17, 1 τὰ πραχθέντα μοι; PTebt 23, 8 [119 or 114 B.C.] πέπρακταί σοι; Jos., Ant. 14, 161 τὰ Ἡρῴδῃ πεπραγμένα; Ath. 20, 2 τὰ πραχθέντα αὐτοῖς. Other exx. in Mlt-H. 459; Schmid IV 612) Lk 23:15. πρὸς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ πολλὰ ἐναντία πρᾶξαι Ac 26:9 (ἐναντία πρ. as X., Cyr. 8, 7, 24). μηδὲν πράξῃς σεαυτῷ κακόν do yourself no harm 16:28.—Ign. is fond of combinations w. κατά and the acc. μηδὲν κατʼ ἐριθείαν πρ. IPhld 8:2; κατὰ θεόν τι πρ. 4; κατὰ σάρκα τι πρ. do someth. in the (physical) body IEph 8:2b; likew. 16:2 do someth. that involves the physical i.e. in contrast to corruption of the gospel, as false teachers do.—More in the sense practice, busy oneself with, mind τὶ someth. τὰ περίεργα magic Ac 19:19. τὰ ἴδια one’s own affairs 1 Th 4:11 (ἴδιος 4b and Soph., El. 678 σὺ μὲν τὰ σαυτῆς πρᾶσσε; X., Mem. 2, 9, 1 τὰ ἑαυτοῦ πρ.). τὰ πολλὰ πρ. busy oneself with many things Hs 4:5; νόμον πρ. observe the law Ro 2:25.

ⓑ collect taxes, duties, interest (Hdt. et al.; Theophr., Char. 6, 10; ins, pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 9, 233 al.) τὶ someth. Lk 19:23. W. connotation in the direction of ‘extort’ 3:13 (cp. OGI 519, 22 τὰ μὴ ὀφειλόμενα αὐτοῖς παραπράσσουσιν).

② to engage in activity or behave in a certain way, intr. act, behave κατὰ ἄγνοιαν πρ. Ac 3:17; ἀπέναντι τῶν δογμάτων πρ. act contrary to the decrees 17:7 (opp. εὖ πράσσειν); καθὰ πράσσομεν in our actions IMg 10:1. εὖ πράσσειν act rightly, do well (Just., A I, 28, 3 [-ττ-]; cp. POxy 1067, 3 [III A.D.] καλῶς πρ. and Appian, Hann. 2, §3 πρ. κακῶς) IEph 4:2; ISm 11:3; prob. also Ac 15:29 because of the focus on performance of decretal specifications (cp. the formulation εὖ ποίησετε … ἀποδεχάμενα IMagnMai 91d, 8–10; Danker, Benefactor 311f; s. εὖ and 3 below).

③ to experience what is going on, be, be situated, intr. (Pind., Hdt.; pap) εὖ πρ. be well off (s. εὖ 1) so perh. Ac 15:29 (cp. POxy 120, 27 [IV A.D.]; s. 2 above; w. either interp. there is envisaged a positive effect on the beneficiaries resulting from their compliance). ἵνα εἰδῆτε … τί πράσσω in order that you may know … how (lit. ‘in respect to what’) I am getting along Eph 6:21 (Soph., Oed. R. 74 τί πράσσει; Pla., Tht. 174b; BGU 93, 32 δήλωσόν μοι, τί ἔπραξας; 821, 8; Jos., Ant. 6, 176; 19, 239).—B. 537f. DELG. Schmidt, Syn. I 397–423. M-M. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πράσσω
119 advance

advance [əd'vɑ:ns]

1 transitive verb

(a) (move forward → clock, tape, film) faire avancer; (→ time, event, chess piece) avancer;

∎ the date of the meeting was advanced by one week la réunion a été avancée d'une semaine

(b) (further → project, work) avancer; (→ interest, cause) promouvoir; (→ growth, development) accélérer;

∎ this discovery has advanced our research by months cette découverte nous a fait gagner plusieurs mois de recherches

(c) (suggest → idea, proposition) avancer, mettre en avant; (→ opinion) avancer, émettre; (→ explanation) avancer

(d) Finance (money) avancer, faire une avance de;

∎ we advanced her £100 on her salary nous lui avons avancé 100 livres sur son salaire;

∎ we will advance him £500 before completion of the contract nous lui verserons un acompte de 500 livres avant l'achèvement des travaux;

∎ sum advanced avance f, acompte m

(e) formal (increase) augmenter, hausser

2 intransitive verb

(a) (go forward) avancer, s'avancer;

∎ to advance on or towards sth avancer ou s'avancer vers qch;

∎ the army advanced on Paris l'armée avançait ou marchait sur Paris

(b) (make progress) avancer, progresser, faire des progrès

(c) (time) avancer, s'écouler; (evening, winter) avancer

(d) formal Commerce & Finance (price, shares, rent) augmenter (de prix), monter;

∎ the shares advanced to their highest point in May les actions ont atteint leur valeur la plus haute au mois de mai

(e) (be promoted) avancer, obtenir de l'avancement; Military monter en grade

3 noun

(a) (forward movement) avance f, marche f en avant; Military avance f, progression f;

∎ the enemy planned their advance on the city l'ennemi a organisé son avance ou sa marche sur la ville;

∎ figurative the advance of old age le vieillissement

(b) (progress) progrès m;

∎ the great advance in medicine le progrès ou les progrès en médecine

(c) Finance (of funds) avance f, acompte m;

∎ he asked for an advance of £200 on his salary il a demandé une avance de 200 livres sur son salaire;

∎ an advance on royalties une avance sur droits d'auteur;

∎ advances on securities or against collateral prêts mpl sur titres

(d) formal Commerce & Finance (in price, rent) hausse f, augmentation f

(e) Commerce (increase at auction)

∎ any advance? qui dit mieux?;

∎ any advance on a hundred? cent, qui dit mieux?

4 compound-forming noun

(prior) préalable

5 advances plural noun

avances fpl;

∎ to make advances to sb faire des avances à qn

6 in advance adverb

(beforehand → pay, thank) à l'avance, d'avance; (→ prepare, reserve, write, know) à l'avance;

∎ well in advance largement à l'avance;

∎ we had to pay two weeks in advance il a fallu qu'on paie deux semaines d'avance;

∎ the agency asked for £50 in advance l'agence a demandé 50 livres d'avance;

∎ thanking you in advance (in letter) en vous remerciant à l'avance, avec mes remerciements anticipés;

∎ he sent the messenger on in advance (ahead) il a envoyé le messager devant

7 in advance of preposition

avant;

∎ they arrived in advance of their guests ils sont arrivés en avance sur ou avant leurs invités;

∎ their computer technology is far in advance of anything we have ils sont très en avance sur nous en matière d'informatique

►► Finance advance account compte m d'avances;

advance booking réservation f à l'avance;

∎ advance booking is advisable il est recommandé de réserver à l'avance;

advance booking office guichet m de location;

advance copy (of book) exemplaire m de lancement; (of speech) texte m distribué à l'avance;

Finance advance dividend dividende m anticipé;

advance group (gen) groupe m de reconnaissance; Military détachement m précurseur;

Military advance guard avant-garde f;

American Politics advance man organisateur m de la publicité (pour une campagne politique);

advance notice préavis m, avertissement m;

advance party (gen) groupe m de reconnaissance; Military détachement m précurseur;

Finance advance payment paiement m anticipé, paiement m par anticipation;

Military advance post poste m avancé;

advance publicity publicité f d'amorçage;

Advance Purchase Excursion = tarif préférentiel sujet à des restrictions de délai d'achat;

advance warning avertissement m

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > advance

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interest — in|terest1 W1S2 [ˈıntrıst] n [Date: 1400 1500; Origin: Anglo French interesse, from Latin interesse to be between, make a difference, concern , from esse to be ] 1.) [singular, U] if you have an interest in something or someone, you want to know… … Dictionary of contemporary English
interest — [[t]ɪ̱ntrəst, tərest[/t]] ♦ interests, interesting, interested 1) N UNCOUNT: also a N If you have an interest in something, you want to learn or hear more about it. There has been a lively interest in the elections in the last two weeks... His… … English dictionary
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interest — I UK [ˈɪntrəst] / US noun Word forms interest : singular interest plural interests *** Get it right: interest: When the noun interest means a feeling of wanting to know more about something , it is followed by the preposition in, not for: Wrong:… … English dictionary
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know — 1 verb past tense knew, past participle known INFORMATION 1 (intransitive, transitive not in progressive) to have information about something: Who knows the answer? | Do you happen to know the time? | When are they arriving? Maybe Mrs. Mott knows … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
know — know1 W1S1 [nəu US nou] v past tense knew [nju: US nu:] past participle known [nəun US noun] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(have information)¦ 2¦(be sure)¦ 3¦(be familiar with somebody/something)¦ 4¦(realize)¦ 5¦(skill/experience)¦ 6¦(know somebody s qualities)¦ 7… … Dictionary of contemporary English
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