is+used

Ālĭus (better Ālĕus), a, um, adj., = Elius (v. Alis and Elis), Elian; subst., a native of Elis, a town in Achaia (only a few times in Plaut. Capt.):

postquam belligerant Aetoli cum Aleis,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 24; 27; 2, 2, 30.

ălĭus, a, ud, adj. and subst. (old form, alis, alid, after the analogy of quis, quid:

alis rare,

Cat. 66, 28; Sall. ap. Charis, 2, p. 133; Inscr. Orell. 2488:

alid more freq.,

Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 257; 5, 1305; 5, 1456; Cat. 29, 15; cf. Prisc. 13, p. 959.— Gen. sing. masc.: alius, rare, and not used by Tac.; for which alterius is com. used (v. alter); also alii, Cato and Licin. ap. Prisc. 194 P.; Varr. R. R. 1, 2.— Fem. gen.:

aliae,

Lucr. 3, 918; Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30; Liv. 24, 27, 8; Gell. 2, 28, 1; Capito ap. Gell. 4, 10, 8.— Masc. dat.:

ali,

Lucr. 6, 1226:

alio,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 13. — Fem. dat.:

aliae,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; Gell. 9, 4, 8) [cf. allos; Osc. allo ( nom. sing. fem.); Goth. alis; Erse, aile; O. H. Germ. alles, elles ( conj.); Engl. else], another, [p. 90] other (i. e. of many, whereas alter is one of two, v. exceptt. under II. G.); freq. with the indef. pronn. aliquis, quis, aliqui, qui, quidam, and the interrog. quis, qui, etc.

A.. In gen.:

eorum sectam sequuntur multi mortales... multi alii ex Troja strenui viri,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 16:

alios multos,

Vulg. Matt. 15, 30; ib. Marc. 7, 4:

plures alios,

ib. ib. 12, 5:

cum aliis pluribus,

ib. Act. 15, 35:

an ita dissolvit, ut omnes alii dissolverunt?

Cic. Font. 1; Tac. H. 5, 5:

dum aliud aliquid flagiti conficiat,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

nec nobis praeter med alius quisquam est servos Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 244:

nec quisquam alius affuit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 269:

panem vel aliud quidquam,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 3, 35. utrum hanc actionem habebis an aliam quampiam; Cic. Caecin. 37:

quidquid aliud dare,

Vulg. Lev. 22, 25:

ALIS NE POTESTO,

Inscr. Orell. 2488:

datum Mi esse ab dis aliis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 12:

adulescentulo in alio occupato amore,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

aut aliae cujus desiderium insideat rei,

Lucr. 3, 918:

ne quam aliam quaerat copiam,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54:

nisi quid pater ait aliud,

id. And. 5, 4, 47:

si verum est, Q. Fabium Labeonem seu quem alium arbitrum a senatu datum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33:

quodcumque alid auget,

Lucr. 5, 257:

Est alius quidam, parasitaster paululus,

Ter. Ad. 5. 2, 4; so Vulg. Luc. 22, 59:

tuo (judicio) stabis, si aliud quoddam est tuum,

Cic. Or. 71, 237:

L. Aemilius alius vir erat,

Liv. 44, 18:

Genus ecce aliud discriminis audi,

Juv. 12, 24:

alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit,

Cic. Verr. 5, 117; Tac. Agr. 39:

nemo alius,

Cic. Pis. 94; Vulg. Joan. 15, 24:

alius nemo,

Cic. Quinct. 76:

plus alimenti est in pane quam in ullo alio,

Cels. 2, 18:

aliud esse causae suspicamur,

Cic. Fl. 39:

Anne aliud tunc praefecti?

Juv. 4, 78:

estne viris reliqui aliud,

Sall. Fragm. 187, 19:

aliud auxilii,

Tac. A. 5, 8:

aliud subsidii,

id. ib. 12, 46:

alia honorum,

id. ib. 1, 9:

alia sumptuum,

id. ib. 15, 15:

sunt alia quae magis timeam,

Cic. Phil. 5, 29: Facete is quidem, sicut alia, many other things, id. Fin. 1, 3, 7 Madv.:

haec aliaque,

Tac. H. 3, 51 al. —

Hence, alio die, t. t. of the soothsayer, when he wished the Comitia postponed to another day, on the pretence of unfavorable omens: quid gravius quam rem susceptam dirimi, si unus augur alio die dixerit?

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31; id. Phil. 2, 33, 83 and 84 Wernsd. Perh. there is a reference to the same thing in Plaut. Poen. 2, 52: ita res divina mihi fuit: res serias omnes extollo ex hoc die in alium diem.—With aliquis, quisquam, or ullus implied (cf. aliqui, V. B., and aliquis, II. B.):

ut, etiam si aliud melius fuit, tamen legatorum reditum exspectetis,

Cic. Phil. 6, 6:

utar post alio, si invenero melius,

something else, id. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; so,

si in aliud tempus differetur,

Caes. B C. 1, 86:

an alium exspectamus?

Vulg. Matt. 11, 3; ib. Marc. 4, 36:

siti magis quam alia re accenditur,

Sall. J. 89, 5:

neque sex legiones alia de causa missas in Hispaniam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

neque creatura alia poterit nos separare,

Vulg. Rom. 8, 39.

alius:

alius generis bestiae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Varr. L. L. 9, 40, 67 dub.:

alius ingenii,

Liv. 1, 56, 7 Madv. by conj.:

alius ordinis,

Amm. 30, 5, 10:

artificis aliusve,

Front. Controv. Agr. 2, 40, 27:

alius coloris,

Non. p. 450:

nomine vel ejus pro quo... aut alius qui, etc.,

Dig. 39, 2, 24, § 6; v. aliusmodi.—

In comparisons, with atque, ac, or et, more rarely with nisi and quam; with the latter, in good class. authors, only when preceded by a neg. clause, or by an interrog. implying a neg.; cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; instead of quam, the comp. abl. or praeter, and similar words, sometimes appear, other than, different from, etc.

With atque, ac, or et:

illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35:

alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?

Ter. And. 3, 3, 13:

potest non solum aliud mihi ac tibi, sed mihi ipsi aliud alias videri,

Cic. Or. 71, 237:

longe alia nobis ac tu scripseras nuntiantur,

id. Att. 11, 10:

res alio modo est ac putatur,

id. Inv. 2, 6, 21 B. and K.:

qui longe alia ratione ac reliqui Galli bellum gerere coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

non alius essem atque nunc sum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9:

longe aliam esse navigationem in concluso mari atque in vastissimo atque apertissimo Oceano perspiciebant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9: aliud (se) esse facturum ac pronunciasset, Nep. Ages. 3, 4:

alia atque antea sentiret,

id. Hann. 2, 2:

lux longe alia est solis et lychnorum,

is very different, Cic. Cael. 28.—

With nisi or quam (the latter is suspicious in Cic.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 252; Orell. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75):

amare autem nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

nothing else than, only, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

neque ulla fuit causa intermissionis epistularum nisi quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 13:

erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

id. de Or. 2, 12:

Quid est aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut, etc.?

id. Phil. 8, 3:

nihil aliud agerem, nisi eum, qui accusatus esset, defenderem,

id. Sull. 12; id. Att. 5, 10:

quid est aliud Gigantum modo bellare cum dis nisi naturae repugnare?

id. Sen. 2, 5; id. Sex. Rosc. 19, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

pinaster nihil aliud est quam pinus silvestris,

Plin. 16, 10; Nep. Arist. 2, 2; id. Paus. 1, 4:

Lysander nihil aliud molitus est quam ut omnes civitates in sua teneret potestate,

id. Lys. 1, 4:

neque aliud huic defuit quam generosa stirps,

id. Eum. 1, 2:

Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine quam quod Illi marmoreum caput est, etc.,

Juv. 8, 54.—Hence, nihil aliud nisi or quam, = ouden allo ê, followed by finite verb, nothing else than, nothing but, only (after these words, fecit, factum est may be supplied, or the phraseology changed to nulla alia re facta; cf. Matth. Gr. 903; Hoogev. ad Vig. p. 475;

Kuhn. Gr. Gr. II. p. 825): tribunatus P. Sestii nihil aliud nisi meum nomen causamque sustinuit,

Cic. Sest. 6, 13:

ut nihil aliud nisi de hoste ac de laude cogitet,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; Liv. 2, 8:

et hostes quidem nihil aliud (i. e. nulla alia re facta) quam perfusis vano timore Romanis citato agmine abeunt,

id. 2, 63; 31, 24:

sed ab lictore nihil aliud quam prehendere prohibito, cum conversus in Patres impetus esset,

id. 2, 29:

ut domo abditus nihil aliud quam per edicta obnuntiaret,

Suet. Caes. 20:

mox nihil aliud quam vectabatur et deambulabat,

id. Aug. 83.—So, quid aliud quam? what other thing than? what else than? quibus quid aliud quam admonemus cives nos eorum esse, Liv. 4, 3:

quid aliud quam ad bellum vocabantur?

Flor. 3, 23 med.; so,

Quid Tullius? Anne aliud quam sidus?

Juv. 7, 199.—In affirmative-clauses rare, and only post-Aug.:

te alia omnia, quam quae velis, agere, moleste ferrem,

Plin. Ep. 7, 15, 2:

quod alium quam se cooptassent,

Suet. Ner. 2 al. —So, with the simple interrogative, quis alius? quid aliud? Qui, malum, alii? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

Quid te aliud sollicitat?

id. ib. 1, 2, 82:

Quid aliud tibi vis?

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 90:

Numquid vis aliud?

id. Eun. 1, 2, 111:

Sed quis nunc alius audet praeferre? etc.,

Juv. 12, 48:

Quid enim est aliud Antonius?

Cic. Phil. 2, 70:

Quid est aliud furere?

id. Pis. 47:

Quid est alia sinistra liberalitas?

Cat. 29, 15 al. —

With comp. abl. (cf. in Gr. alla tôn dikaiôn, Xen. Mem. 4, 4, 25):

qui quaerit alia his, malum videtur quaerere,

other than, Plaut. Poen. prol. 22:

quod est aliud melle,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16: nec quidquam aliud libertate communi quaesisse, nothing else but, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2:

neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 20:

alius Lysippo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 240:

accusator alius Sejano,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 41.—

With praeter:

nec nobis praeter me alius quisquam est servos Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 249:

nec quidquam aliud est philosophia praeter studium sapientiae,

Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5:

non est alius praeter eum,

Vulg. Marc. 12, 32:

rogavit numquid aliud ferret praeter arcam?

Cic. de Or. 2, 69:

Num quid igitur aliud in illis judiciis versatum est praeter hasce insidias?

id. Clu. 62:

nec jam tela alia habebant praeter gladios,

Liv. 38, 21, 5.—

With extra (eccl. Lat.):

neque est alius extra te,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2. 2; ib. Soph. 2, 15.—

With absque (eccl. Lat.):

non est alius Deus absque te,

Vulg. 1 Par. 17, 20.—

With praeterquam:

cum aliud, praeterquam de quo retulissent, decemviri dicere prohiberent,

Liv. 3, 40.

Esp.

In distributive-clauses repeated even several times, and also interchanged with non nulli, quidam, ceteri, pars, partim, etc., the one... the other; plur., some... others:

quid potes dicere cur alia defendas, alia non cures?

Cic. Phil. 2, 111:

latera tegentes alios, alios praegredientes amicos,

id. ib. 13, 4: cum alii fossas complerent, alii defensores vallo depellerent, Caes. B. G. 3, 25; id. B. C. 1, 55:

alii experimentorum notitiam necessariam esse contendunt, alii non satis potentem usum esse proponunt, Cels. prooem.: quae minus tuta erant, alia fossis, alia vallis, alia turribus muniebat,

Liv. 32, 5; so Vulg. Matt. 13, 5 sqq.; ib. 1 Cor. 12, 10; Cels. 3, 3, enumerating the different kinds of fever, repeats aliae seventeen times:

cum aliis Q. Frater legatus, aliis C. Pomptinus legatus, reliquis M. Anneius legatus etc.,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:

proferebant alii purpuram, tus alii, gemmas alii, vina non nulli Graeca,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146: alias bestias nantes, alias volucres, serpentes quasdam, quasdam esse gradientes; earum ipsarum partim solivagas, partim congregatas;

immanes alias, quasdam autem cicures, non nullas abditas,

id. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

principes partim interfecerant, alios in exsilium ejecerant,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 4:

nos alii ibimus Afros, pars Scythiam veniemus,

Verg. E. 1, 65:

alii superstantes proeliarentur, pars occulti muros subruerent,

Tac. H. 4, 23.—Sometimes alius is omitted in one clause:

Helvetii ea spe dejecti navibus junctis, alii vadis Rhodani, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

Veientes ignari in partem praedae suae vocatos deos, alios votis ex urbe sua evocatos, etc.,

Liv. 5, 21; Plin. 2, 43, 44, § 114:

castra metari placuit, ut opus et alii proelium inciperent,

Tac. A. 1, 63.—Also with aliquis:

alia sunt tamquam sibi nata, ut oculi, ut aures: aliqua etiam ceterorum membrorum usum adjuvant,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63: [putat aliquis esse voluptatem bonum;

alius autem pecuniam],

id. Tusc. 5, 28, 60 B. and K.; cf. Goer. ad Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 20.—Sometimes aliud... aliud designate merely a distinction between two objects contrasted, one thing... another:

Numquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit,

Juv. 14, 321:

Fuit tempus, quo alia adversa, alia secunda principi,

Plin. Pan. 72:

aliud est male dicere, aliud accusare,

Cic. Cael. 3; id. Lig. 16; Quint. 10, 1, 53:

aliud est servum esse, aliud servire,

id. 5, 10, 60 al.:

jam sciunt longe aliud esse virgines rapere, aliud pugnare cum viris,

Liv. 1, 12; cf. infra, e.—

Alius repeated in another case, or with its derivatives, aliter, alias, alio, alibi, aliunde, etc. (but never with its derivatives in Tac.), in imitation of the Greek (cf. L. and S. s. v. allos, and Ochsn. Eclog. 110): simul alis alid aliunde rumitant inter se, Naev. ap. Fest. pp. 135 and 225; cf.

Bothe, Fragm. Comic. p. 25: alius alium percontamur, cuja est navis?

one another, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 46:

fallacia alia aliam trudit,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 40:

fecerunt alii quidem alia quam multa,

Cic. Phil. 3, 20, 6:

signa et ornamenta alia alio in loco intuebantur,

some in one place and some in another, id. Verr. 2. 1, 22:

alius in alia est re magis utilis,

id. Sex. Rosc. 111:

alius ex alia parte,

id. Verr. 1, 66:

dies alios alio dedit ordine Luna felicis operum,

Verg. G. 1, 276:

ut ipsi inter se alii aliis prodesse possent,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33:

ideo multa conjecta sunt, aliud alio tempore,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7:

habes Sardos venales, alium alio nequiorem,

one worse than another, id. Fam. 7, 24: quo facto cum alius alii subsidium ferrent, one to another, Fr., l'un a

l'autre,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26 Herz.:

legiones aliae alia in parte resistunt,

id. ib. 2, 22:

alius alia causa illata,

id. ib. 1, 39:

cum ceteros alii alium alia de causa improbarent,

Suet. Vesp. 6:

alius alii subsidium ferunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

alius alio more viventes,

each in a different way, Sall. C. 6, 2:

alius alii tanti facinoris conscii,

id. ib. 22, 2; so id. ib. 52, 28; id. J. 53, 8; Curt. 10, 5, 16; Just. 15, 2:

alii autem aliud clamabant,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32:

illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus sentiunt,

now this, now that, Cic. de Or. 2, 7 fin.:

aliter ab aliis digeruntur,

id. ib. 2, 19; Vulg. 3 Reg. 22, 20:

equites alii alia dilapsi sunt,

some in this way, some in that, Liv. 44, 43:

cum alii alio mitterentur,

id. 7, 39: Alis alibi stantes, omnes tamen adversis volneribus conciderunt, Sall. ap. Charis. 2, p. 133:

jussit alios alibi fodere,

Liv. 44, 33; Vulg. Sap. 18, 18.—

Alius ex alio, super alium, post alium, one after another; so often of the connection between ideas:

ut aliud ex alio incidit, occurrit, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

aliud ex alio succurrit mihi,

Cic. Fragm. C. 12:

alid ex alio reficit natura,

Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 1305; 5, 1456: sed, [p. 91] ut aliud ex alio, mihi non est dubium, quin, etc., Cic. Att. 16, 14, Plin. Pan. 18, 1:

ex alio in aliud vicissitudo atque mutatio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

alias ex aliis nectendo moras,

Liv. 7, 39:

aliam ex alia prolem,

Verg. G. 3, 65; id. Cir. 364:

nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur,

id. A. 3, 494:

quae impie per biennium alia super alia es ausus,

Liv. 3, 56; 23, 36:

aliud super aliud scelus,

id. 30, 26; Plin. Ep. 7, 8; Suet. Ner. 49:

deinde ab eo magistratu alium post alium sibi peperit,

Sall. J. 63, 5.—

Alius atque alius or alius aliusque, the one and the other; now this, now that; different:

eadem res saepe aut probatur aut reicitur, alio atque alio elata verbo,

Cic. Or. 22, 72:

alio atque alio loco requiescere,

in different places, Sall. J. 72, 2:

inchoata res aliis atque aliis de causis dilata erat,

Liv. 8, 23:

aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

Sen. Ep. 32, 2:

cum alia atque alia appetendo loca munirent,

Liv. 1, 8:

milites trans flumen aliis atque aliis locis traiciebant,

id. 2, 2:

luna alio atque alio loco exoritur,

Plin. 2, 10:

febres aliae aliaeque subinde oriuntur,

Cels. 3, 3:

cancer aliis aliisque signis discernitur,

id. 5, 26:

aliis atque aliis causis,

Suet. Aug. 97.—In Sall. also alius deinde alius or alius post alius:

saepe tentantes agros alia deinde alia loca petiverant, J. 18, 7: alias deinde alias morae causas facere,

id. ib. 36, 2:

aliis post aliis minitari,

id. ib. 55, 8.—

Of another kind or nature, i. e. different; hence, alium facere, to make different, to change, transform; and alium fleri, to become different, to be wholly changed:

nunc haec dies aliam vitam affert, alios mores postulat,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 18 (aliam vitam pro diversam, contrariam, Don.):

alium nunc censes esse me atque olim cum dabam,

id. ib. 3, 3, 13:

Huic aliud mercedis erit,

Verg. E. 6, 26:

longe alia mihi mens est,

Sall. C. 52, 2:

Vos aliam potatis aquam,

Juv. 5, 52:

lectus non alius cuiquam,

id. 8, 178:

ensesque recondit mors alia,

Stat. Th. 7, 806:

ostensus est in alia effigie,

Vulg. Marc. 16, 12; ib. Rom. 7, 23; ib. Gal. 1, 6; ib. Jac. 2, 25:

alium fecisti me, alius ad te veneram,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 123: alius nunc fieri volo, id. Poen. prol. fin.:

homines alii facti sunt,

Cic. Fam. 11, 12:

mutaberis in virum alium,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 10, 6; cf. supra, II. A. fin. —Hence, in alia omnia ire, transire, or discedere, sc. vota, to differ from the thing proposed; and in gen., to reject or oppose it, to go over to the opposite side: qui hoc censetis, illuc transite;

qui alia omnia, in hanc partem: his verbis praeit ominis videlicet causa, ne dicat: qui non censetis,

Fest. p. 221; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 19:

frequens eum senatus reliquit et in alia omnia discessit,

Cic. Fam. 10, 12:

de tribus legatis frequentes ierunt in alia omnia,

id. ib. 1, 2 Manut.: cum prima M. Marcelli sententia pronunciata esset, frequens senatus in alia omnia iit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

discessionem faciente Marcello, senatus frequens in alia omnia transiit,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 53: aliud or alias res agere, v. ago, II. 7.—

Of that which remains of a whole, = reliquus, ceteri, the rest, the remainder:

Divitiaco ex aliis Gallis maximam fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41:

inter primos atrox proelium fuit, alia multitudo terga vertit,

Liv. 7, 26:

vulgus aliud trucidatum,

id. 7, 19; 2, 23; so id. 24, 1:

legiones in testudinem glomerabantur et alii tela incutiebant,

Tac. H. 3, 31; id. A. 1, 30; 3, 42:

cum alios incessus hostis clausisset, unum reliquum aestas impediret,

id. ib. 6, 33 al.—

Like alter, one of two, the other of two:

huic fuerunt filii nati duo, alium servus surpuit, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 8; cf. id. ib. arg. 2 and 9: eis genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere;

magnitudo animi par, item gloria, sed alia alii,

Sall. C. 54, 1 Kritz:

duo Romani super alium alius corruerunt,

one upon the other, Liv. 1, 25, 5:

ita duo deinceps reges, alius alia via, civitatem auxerunt,

each in a different way, id. 1, 21, 6; 24, 27:

marique alio Nicopolim ingressus,

Tac. A. 5, 10 ( Ionio, Halm); so,

alias partes fovere,

the other side, id. H. 1, 8.—Also in the enumeration of the parts of any thing:

Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam Celtae,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1 Herz.:

classium item duo genera sunt: unum liburnarum, aliud lusoriarum,

Veg. 2, 1 (cf. in Gr. meinantes de tautên tên hêmeran, têi allêi eporeuonto, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 1; and so the Vulg.: Alia die profecti, the next day, Act. 21, 8).—Hence, alius with a proper name used as an appell. (cf. alter):

ne quis alius Ariovistus regno Galliarum potiretur,

a second Ariovistus, Tac. H. 4, 73 fin.:

alius Nero,

Suet. Tit. 7.—

A peculiar enhancement of the idea is produced by alius with a neg. and the comp.:

mulier, qua mulier alia nulla est pulchrior,

than whom no other woman is more beautiful, to whom no other woman is equal in beauty, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 100:

facinus, quo non fortius ausit alis,

Cat. 66, 28:

Fama malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,

Verg. A. 4, 174:

quo neque melius neque amplius aliud in natura mortalium est,

Sall. J. 2, 4:

quo non aliud atrocius visum,

Tac. A. 6, 24:

(Sulla) neque consilio neque manu priorem alium pati,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

neque majus aliud neque praestabilius invenias,

id. ib. 1, 2; Liv. 1, 24:

non alia ante Romana pugna atrocior fuit,

id. 1, 27; 2, 31; Tac. A. 6, 7 al.; cf. under aliter, 2. b. z.—Hence the advv.

ălĭō, adv. (an old dat. form, designating direction to a place; cf.: eo, quo), elsewhither (arch.), elsewhere, to another place, person, or thing, allose (class., esp. among poets; but not found in Lucr. or Juv.).

In gen.

Of place:

fortasse tu profectus alio fueras,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 49:

ut ab Norba alio traducerentur,

Liv. 32, 2:

translatos alio maerebis amores,

Hor. Epod. 15, 23:

decurrens alio,

id. S. 2, 1, 32:

nam frustra vitium vitaveris illud, Si te alio pravum detorseris,

id. ib. 2, 2, 55.—With quo:

Arpinumne mihi eundum sit, an quo alio,

to some other place, Cic. Att. 9, 17:

si quando Romam aliove quo mitterent legatos,

Liv. 38, 30. —

Of persons or things (cf. alias, alibi, alicunde, etc.):

illi suum animum alio conferunt,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 10 (cf. Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62:

ne ad illam me animum adjecisse sentiat): ne quando iratus tu alio conferas,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 60 Don.:

hi narrata ferunt alio,

Ov. M. 12, 57: tamen vocat me alio ( to another subject) jam dudum tacita vestra exspectatio, Cic. Clu. 23, 63; id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139:

sed, si placet, sermonem alio transferamus,

id. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

quoniam alio properare tempus monet,

Sall. J. 19, 2; so Tac. A. 1, 18 al.—

Of purpose or design:

appellet haec desideria naturae: cupiditatis nomen servet alio,

for another purpose, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27:

hoc longe alio spectabat,

looked quite elsewhere, had a far different design, Nep. Them. 6, 3.—

a.. Alio... alio, in one way... in another; hither... thither, = huc... illuc:

hic (i. e. in ea re) alio res familiaris, alio ducit humanitas,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89: alio atque alio, in one way and another:

nihil alio atque alio spargitur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 2.—

Alius alio, each in a different way, one in one way, another in another:

et ceteri quidem alius alio,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:

aliud alio dissipavit,

id. Div. 1, 34, 76; so Liv. 2, 54, 9; 7, 39.—So, aliunde alio, from one place to another:

quassatione terrae aliunde alio (aquae) transferuntur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 1; cf. aliunde.—

Like alius or aliter with a negative and the particles of comparison quam or atque;

in questions with nisi: plebem nusquam alio natam quam ad serviendum,

for nothing but, Liv. 7, 18, 7: non alio datam summam quam in emptionem, etc., * Suet. Aug. 98 Ruhnk.:

quo alio nisi ad nos confugerent?

Liv. 39, 36, 11; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 232-234.—

ălĭā, adv. (sc. via), in another way, in a different manner (in the whole ante-class. and class. per. dub.); for in Plaut. Rud. prol. 10, aliuta has been proposed; in Lucr. 6, 986, Lachm. reads alio; in Liv. 21, 56, 2, Weissenb. alibi; and in id. 44, 43, 2, via may be supplied from the preced. context; certain only in Don. ad Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 5; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 219.—

ălĭās, adv. (acc. to Prisc. 1014 P., and Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 769, an acc. form like foras; but acc. to Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 5, 57, and Hab. Syn. 79, old gen. like paterfamili as, Alcmen as, etc. In the ante-class. per. rare; only once in Plaut., twice in Ter., twice in Varro; in the class. per. most freq. in Cic., but only three times in his orations; also in Plin.).

Of time, at a time other than the present, whether it be in the past or (more freq.) in the future.

At another time, at other times, on another occasion (alias: temporis adverbium, quod Graeci allote, aliter allôs, Capitol. Orth. 2242 P.; cf.

Herz. and Hab., as cited above): alias ut uti possim causa hac integra,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 4; so id. And. 3, 2, 49 (alias = alio tempore, Don.):

sed alias jocabimur,

Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

sed plura scribemus alias,

id. ib. 7, 6:

et alias et in consulatus petitione vinci,

id. Planc. 18:

nil oriturum alias,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 17.—In the future, freq. in contrast with nunc, in praesentia, tum, hactenus:

recte secusne, alias viderimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135:

Hactenus haec: alias justum sit necne poema, Nunc, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 63: sed haec alias pluribus;

nunc, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 2 fin.; Liv. 44, 36 fin.: quare placeat, alias ostendemus; in praesentia, etc., Auct. ad Her. 3, 16, 28.—In the past:

gubernatores alias imperare soliti, tum metu mortis jussa exsequebantur,

Curt. 4, 3, 18:

alias bellare inter se solitos, tunc periculi societas junxerat,

id. 9, 4, 15.—Freq. with advv. of time;

as numquam, umquam, and the like: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, aut etiam si numquam alias fuimus, tum profecto, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 2:

consilio numquam alias dato,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 45:

numquam ante alias,

Liv. 2, 22, 7:

non umquam alias ante tantus terror senatum invasit,

id. 2, 9, 5; 1, 28, 4:

si quando umquam ante alias,

id. 32, 5 (where the four advv. of time are to be taken together):

Saturnalibus et si quando alias libuisset, modo munera dividebat,

Suet. Aug. 75.—

Alias... alias, as in Gr. allote... allote; allote men... allote de, at one time... at another; once... another time; sometimes... sometimes; now... now:

Alias me poscit pro illa triginta minas, Alias talentum magnum,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 63; so Varr. L. L. 8, § 76 Mull.; id. R. R. 2, 1, 15; Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 120:

nec potest quisquam alias beatus esse, alias miser,

id. Fin. 2, 27, 87:

contentius alias, alias summissius,

id. de Or. 3, 55, 212:

cum alias bellum inferrent, alias inlatum defenderent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 29; so id. ib. 5, 57 al.; it occurs four times in successive clauses in Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 99.—Sometimes plerumque, saepe, aliquando, interdum stand in corresponding clauses:

nec umquam sine usura reddit (terra), quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum foenore,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

geminatio verborum habet interdum vim, leporem alias,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 206:

hoc alias fastidio, alias contumacia, saepius imbecillitate, evenit,

Plin. 16, 32, 58, § 134; 7, 15, 13, § 63.—Sometimes one alias is omitted:

illi eruptione tentata alias cuniculis ad aggerem actis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 3, 21; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.—

Alias aliter, alias alius, etc. (cf. alius), at one time in one way... at another in another; now so... now otherwise; now this... now that:

et alias aliter haec in utramque partem causae solent convenire,

Cic. Inv. 2, 13, 45:

alii enim sunt, alias nostrique familiares fere demortui,

id. Att. 16, 11 (Madv. interprets this of time):

illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus judicant,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Or. 59, 200:

(deos) non semper eosdem atque alias alios solemus venerari,

id. Red. in Sen. 30:

ut iidem versus alias in aliam rem posse accommodari viderentur,

id. Div. 2, 54, 111.—

Saepe alias or alias saepe... nunc, nuper, quondam, etc.;

also: cum saepe alias... tum, etc. (very common in Cic.): quod cum saepe alias tum nuper, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 7:

fecimus et alias saepe et nuper in Tusculano,

id. ib. 5, 4, 11:

quibus de rebus et alias saepe... et quondam in Hortensii villa,

id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

quorum pater et saepe alias et maxime censor saluti rei publicae fuit,

id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

cum saepe alias, tum apud centumviros,

id. Brut. 39, 144:

cum saepe alias, tum Pyrrhi bello,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86; 3, 11, 47:

neque tum solum, sed saepe alias,

Nep. Hann. 11, 7.—In comparative sentences rare:

nunc tamen libentius quam saepe alias,

Symm. Ep. 1, 90.—So,

Semper alias, always at other times or in other cases (apparently only post-Aug.): et super cenam autem et semper alias communissimus, multa joco transigebat. Suet. Vesp. 22; id. Tib. 18; Gell. 15, 1.—

Raro alias, rarely at other times, on other occasions:

ut raro alias quisquam tanto favore est auditus,

Liv. 45, 20; 3, 69; Tac. H. 1, 89.—

Non alias, at no other time, never, = numquam (a choice poet. expression, often imitated by [p. 92] the histt.):

non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno Fulgura,

never at any other time did so much lightning fall from a clear sky, Verg. G. 1, 487:

non alias militi familiarior dux fuit,

Liv. 7, 33; 45, 7:

non alias majore mole concursum,

Tac. A. 2, 46; 4. 69;

11, 31: non sane alias exercitatior Britannia fuit,

id. Agr. 5:

haud alias intentior populus plus vocis permisit,

id. A. 3, 11, and 15, 46; Suet. Tit. 8; Flor. 3, 6.—

Of place, at another place, elsewhere; or in respect of other things, in other circumstances, otherwise (only post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7):

Idaeus rubus appellatus est, quoniam in Ida, non alias, nascitur,

Plin. 24, 14, 75, § 123 (Jan, alius): nusquam alias tam torrens fretum, * Just. 4, 1, 9:

sicut vir alias doctissimus Cornutus existimat,

Macr. S. 5, 19.—

Alias for alioqui (only post-Aug.), to indicate that something is in a different condition in one instance, not in others, except that, for the rest, otherwise:

in Silaro non virgulta modo immersa, verum et folia lapidescunt, alias salubri potu ejus aquae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; so id. 18, 6, 7, § 37; 19, 8, 48, § 163; 25, 2, 6, § 16 al.—

Non alias quam, for no other reason, on no other condition, in no other circumstances than, not other than; and non alias nisi, on no other condition, not otherwise, except (prob. taken from the lang. of common life):

non alias magis indoluisse Caesarem ferunt quam quod, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 73:

debilitatum vulnere jacuisse non alias quam simulatione mortis tutiorem,

by nothing safer than by feigning death, Curt. 8, 1, 24; 8, 14, 16; Dig. 29, 7, 6, § 2: non alias ( on no other condition) existet heres ex substitutione nisi, etc., ib. 28, 6, 8; 23, 3, 37, 23, 3, 29.—

Alias like aliter, in another manner; flrst in the Lat. of the jurists (cf. Suet. Tib. 71 Oud.; Liv. 21, 56, 2 Drak.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 49 Ruhnk.), Dig. 33, 8, 8, § 8; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 219-227. —

ălĭtĕr, adv. [alis; v. alius init. ], otherwise, in another manner, allôs.

With comparative-clause expressed; constr. both affirm. and neg. without distinction.

With atque, ac, quam, and rarely ut, otherwise than, different from what, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23:

sed aliter atque ostenderam facio,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 6:

aliter ac nos vellemus,

Cic. Mil. 9, 23:

de quo tu aliter sentias atque ego,

id. Fin. 4, 22, 60; id. Att. 6, 3:

si aliter nos faciant quam aequum est,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 42:

si aliter quippiam coacti faciant quam libere,

Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29; id. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 24; id. Inv. 2, 22, 66:

Sed si aliter ut dixi accidisset, qui possem queri?

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—

Non (or haud) aliter, not otherwise (per litoten), = just as; with quam si, ac si, quam cum, quam, exactly, just as if:

Non aliter quam si ruat omnis Karthago,

Verg. A. 4, 669:

dividor haud aliter quam si mea membra relinquam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 73:

nihil in senatu actum aliter quam si, etc.,

Liv. 23, 4; 21, 63, 9:

illi negabant se aliter ituros quam si, etc.,

id. 3, 51, 12:

nec aliter quam si mihi tradatur, etc., Quint. prooem. 5: ut non aliter ratio constet quam si uni reddatur,

Tac. A. 1, 6; 1, 49:

Non aliter quam si fecisset Juno maritum Insanum,

Juv. 6, 619; Suet. Aug. 40:

non aliter quam cum, etc.,

Ov. F. 2, 209; so id. M. 2, 623; 4, 348; 6, 516 al.:

nec scripsi aliter ac si, etc.,

Cic. Att. 13, 51; Suet. Oth. 6; Col. 2, 14 (15), 8:

Non aliter quam qui lembum subigit,

Verg. G. 1, 201:

non aliter praeformidat quam qui ferrum medici, priusquam curetur, aspexit,

Quint. 4, 5, 5; so id. 4, 5, 22; 2, 5, 11:

neque aliter quam ii, qui traduntur, etc.,

id. 5, 8, 1:

patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam Institor hibernae tegetis,

Juv. 7, 220:

successorem non aliter quam indicium mortis accepturum,

Tac. A. 6, 30.—

Aliter ab aliquo (analog. to alius with the abl., and alienus with ab), differently from any one:

cultores regionum multo aliter a ceteris agunt,

Mel. 1, 9, 6.—

Non ali ter nisi, by no other means, on no other condition, not otherwise, except:

qui aliter obsistere fato fatetur se non potuisse, nisi etc.,

Cic. Fat. 20, 48; id. Fam. 1, 9: non pati C. Caesarem consulem aliter fieri, nisi exercitum et provincias tradiderit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14; so Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 18; Liv. 35, 39; 45, 11; 38; Tac. Or. 32; Just. 12, 14, 7; Suet. Ner. 36; Dig. 37, 9, 6; 48, 18, 9. —

Non aliter quam ut, on no other condition than that:

neque aliter poterit palos, ad quos perducitur, pertingere, quam ut diffluat,

Col. Arb. 7, 5; so Suet. Tib. 15; 24; id. Galb. 8; Curt. 9, 5, 23.—

Without a comparative clause expressed.

In gen., otherwise, in another manner, in other respects; and in the poets: haud aliter (per litoten), just so:

vale atque salve, etsi aliter ut dicam meres,

though you deserve that I speak differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 86 Brix:

tu si aliter existimes, nihil errabis,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 16:

ut eadem ab utrisque dicantur, aliter dicuntur,

in a different sense, Plin. Pan. 72, 7:

Si quis aliter docet,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 6, 3:

quae aliter se habent,

ib. ib. 5, 25:

Quippe aliter tunc vivebant homines,

Juv. 6, 11: quod uterque nostrum his etiam ex studiis notus, quibus aliter ignotus est, otherwise, i. e. personally, unknown, Plin. Ep. 9, 23, 3.—With negatives:

non fuit faciendum aliter,

Cic. Att. 6, 9; Tac. A. 15, 68:

Ergo non aliter poterit dormire?

Juv. 3, 281:

aliter haud facile eos ad tantum negotium impelli posse,

Sall. C. 44, 1; Curt. 8, 10, 27:

haud aliter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti Ignescunt irae (the comparison of the wolf precedes),

Verg. A. 9, 65:

haud aliter (i. e. like a wild beast) juvenis medios moriturus in hostes Irruit,

id. ib. 9, 554 al.; Ov. M. 8, 473; 9, 642:

non aliter (i. e. than I) Samio dicunt arsisse Bathyllo Anacreonta Teium,

Hor. Epod. 14, 10:

neque Mordaces aliter (i. e. than by means of wine) diffugiunt sollicitudines,

id. C. 1, 18, 4:

neque exercitum Romanum aliter transmissurum,

Tac. H. 5, 19:

nec aliter expiari potest,

Vulg. Num. 35, 33. —So, fieri aliter non potest or fieri non potest aliter (not fieri non aliter potest): nihil agis;

Fieri aliter non potest,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 13: assentior;

fieri non potuit aliter,

Cic. Att. 6, 6.—

Esp.

Pregn., otherwise, in the contrary manner: Pe. Servos Epidicus dixit mihi. Ph. Quid si servo aliter visum est? i. e. if he does not speak the truth? Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 29:

verum aliter evenire multo intellegit,

Ter. And. prol. 4 (aliter autem contra significat, Don.):

amplis cornibus et nigris potius quam aliter,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 1: ne aliter quid eveniat, providere de cet, otherwise than harmoniously, Sall. J. 10, 7:

dis aliter visum,

Verg. A. 2, 428:

sin aliter tibi videtur,

Vulg. Num. 11, 15: adversi... saevaque circuitu curvantem bracchia longo Scorpion atque aliter ( in the opposite direction) curvantem bracchia Cancrum, Ov. M. 2, 83: aliterque ( and in the opposite course) secante jam pelagus rostro, Luc. 8, 197.—Hence, qui aliter fecerit, who will not do that:

neu quis de his postea ad senatum referat, neve cum populo agat: qui aliter fecerit, etc.,

Sall. C. 51, 43; Just. 6, 6, 1; cf. Brisson. de Form. p. 200, and de Verb. Signif. p. 66.—

Aliter esse, to be of a different nature, differently constituted or disposed:

sed longe aliter est amicus atque amator,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 70: ego hunc esse aliter credidi: iste me fefellit;

ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 44; id. Ad. 3, 4, 46; Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137.—

For alioqui (q. v. II. C.), otherwise, else, in any other case:

jus enim semper est quaesitum aequabile: neque enim aliter esset jus (and just after: nam aliter justitia non esset),

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42; 1, 39, 139; id. Lael. 20, 74:

si suos legatos recipere vellent, quos Athenas miserant, se remitterent, aliter illos numquam in patriam essent recepturi,

Nep. Them. 7 fin.:

aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,

Sall. C. 29, 3 Kritz:

aliter non viribus ullis Vincere poteris,

Verg. A. 6, 147:

veniam ostentantes, si praesentia sequerentur: aliter nihil spei,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

quoniam aliter non possem,

Vulg. Sap. 8, 21.—

Like alius (q. v. II. A.) repeated even several times in a distributive manner, in one way... in another: sed aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; so id. ib. 1, 12, 38; id. Lael. 24, 89; id. Fam. 15, 21, 6:

aliter utimur propriis, aliter commodatis,

Tac. Or. 32:

Aliter catuli longe olent, aliter sues,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 9:

aliter Diodoro, aliter Philoni, Chrysippo aliter placet,

id. Ac. 2, 47, 143:

idem illud aliter Caesar, aliter Cicero, aliter Cato suadere debebit,

Quint. 3, 8, 49: Et aliter acutis morbis medendum, aliter vetustis; aliter increscentibus, aliter subsistentibus, aliter jam ad sanitatem inclinatis, Cels. prooem. p. 10.—

With alius or its derivatives, one in one way, another in another (v. alius, II. B.):

quoniam aliter ab aliis digeruntur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; id. Att. 7, 8; Liv. 2, 21; so id. 39, 53:

hoc ex locorum occasione aliter alibi decernitur,

Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; so id. 25, 4, 10, § 29.—

Non aliter, analog. to non alius (v. alius, II. H.) with a comp. (only in Plin.):

non aliter utilius id fieri putare quam, etc.,

Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 28:

idque non aliter clarius intellegi potest,

id. 37, 4, 15, § 59; so id. 22, 22, 36, § 78; 24, 11, 50, § 85; 28, 9, 41, § 148; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 267-276.

Ālĭus (better Ālĕus), a, um, adj., = Elius (v. Alis and Elis), Elian; subst., a native of Elis, a town in Achaia (only a few times in Plaut. Capt.):

postquam belligerant Aetoli cum Aleis,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 24; 27; 2, 2, 30.

ălĭus, a, ud, adj. and subst. (old form, alis, alid, after the analogy of quis, quid:

alis rare,

Cat. 66, 28; Sall. ap. Charis, 2, p. 133; Inscr. Orell. 2488:

alid more freq.,

Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 257; 5, 1305; 5, 1456; Cat. 29, 15; cf. Prisc. 13, p. 959.— Gen. sing. masc.: alius, rare, and not used by Tac.; for which alterius is com. used (v. alter); also alii, Cato and Licin. ap. Prisc. 194 P.; Varr. R. R. 1, 2.— Fem. gen.:

aliae,

Lucr. 3, 918; Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30; Liv. 24, 27, 8; Gell. 2, 28, 1; Capito ap. Gell. 4, 10, 8.— Masc. dat.:

ali,

Lucr. 6, 1226:

alio,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 13. — Fem. dat.:

aliae,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; Gell. 9, 4, 8) [cf. allos; Osc. allo ( nom. sing. fem.); Goth. alis; Erse, aile; O. H. Germ. alles, elles ( conj.); Engl. else], another, [p. 90] other (i. e. of many, whereas alter is one of two, v. exceptt. under II. G.); freq. with the indef. pronn. aliquis, quis, aliqui, qui, quidam, and the interrog. quis, qui, etc.

A.. In gen.:

eorum sectam sequuntur multi mortales... multi alii ex Troja strenui viri,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 16:

alios multos,

Vulg. Matt. 15, 30; ib. Marc. 7, 4:

plures alios,

ib. ib. 12, 5:

cum aliis pluribus,

ib. Act. 15, 35:

an ita dissolvit, ut omnes alii dissolverunt?

Cic. Font. 1; Tac. H. 5, 5:

dum aliud aliquid flagiti conficiat,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:

nec nobis praeter med alius quisquam est servos Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 244:

nec quisquam alius affuit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 269:

panem vel aliud quidquam,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 3, 35. utrum hanc actionem habebis an aliam quampiam; Cic. Caecin. 37:

quidquid aliud dare,

Vulg. Lev. 22, 25:

ALIS NE POTESTO,

Inscr. Orell. 2488:

datum Mi esse ab dis aliis,

Plaut. Am. prol. 12:

adulescentulo in alio occupato amore,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:

aut aliae cujus desiderium insideat rei,

Lucr. 3, 918:

ne quam aliam quaerat copiam,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54:

nisi quid pater ait aliud,

id. And. 5, 4, 47:

si verum est, Q. Fabium Labeonem seu quem alium arbitrum a senatu datum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33:

quodcumque alid auget,

Lucr. 5, 257:

Est alius quidam, parasitaster paululus,

Ter. Ad. 5. 2, 4; so Vulg. Luc. 22, 59:

tuo (judicio) stabis, si aliud quoddam est tuum,

Cic. Or. 71, 237:

L. Aemilius alius vir erat,

Liv. 44, 18:

Genus ecce aliud discriminis audi,

Juv. 12, 24:

alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit,

Cic. Verr. 5, 117; Tac. Agr. 39:

nemo alius,

Cic. Pis. 94; Vulg. Joan. 15, 24:

alius nemo,

Cic. Quinct. 76:

plus alimenti est in pane quam in ullo alio,

Cels. 2, 18:

aliud esse causae suspicamur,

Cic. Fl. 39:

Anne aliud tunc praefecti?

Juv. 4, 78:

estne viris reliqui aliud,

Sall. Fragm. 187, 19:

aliud auxilii,

Tac. A. 5, 8:

aliud subsidii,

id. ib. 12, 46:

alia honorum,

id. ib. 1, 9:

alia sumptuum,

id. ib. 15, 15:

sunt alia quae magis timeam,

Cic. Phil. 5, 29: Facete is quidem, sicut alia, many other things, id. Fin. 1, 3, 7 Madv.:

haec aliaque,

Tac. H. 3, 51 al. —

Hence, alio die, t. t. of the soothsayer, when he wished the Comitia postponed to another day, on the pretence of unfavorable omens: quid gravius quam rem susceptam dirimi, si unus augur alio die dixerit?

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31; id. Phil. 2, 33, 83 and 84 Wernsd. Perh. there is a reference to the same thing in Plaut. Poen. 2, 52: ita res divina mihi fuit: res serias omnes extollo ex hoc die in alium diem.—With aliquis, quisquam, or ullus implied (cf. aliqui, V. B., and aliquis, II. B.):

ut, etiam si aliud melius fuit, tamen legatorum reditum exspectetis,

Cic. Phil. 6, 6:

utar post alio, si invenero melius,

something else, id. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; so,

si in aliud tempus differetur,

Caes. B C. 1, 86:

an alium exspectamus?

Vulg. Matt. 11, 3; ib. Marc. 4, 36:

siti magis quam alia re accenditur,

Sall. J. 89, 5:

neque sex legiones alia de causa missas in Hispaniam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

neque creatura alia poterit nos separare,

Vulg. Rom. 8, 39.

alius:

alius generis bestiae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Varr. L. L. 9, 40, 67 dub.:

alius ingenii,

Liv. 1, 56, 7 Madv. by conj.:

alius ordinis,

Amm. 30, 5, 10:

artificis aliusve,

Front. Controv. Agr. 2, 40, 27:

alius coloris,

Non. p. 450:

nomine vel ejus pro quo... aut alius qui, etc.,

Dig. 39, 2, 24, § 6; v. aliusmodi.—

In comparisons, with atque, ac, or et, more rarely with nisi and quam; with the latter, in good class. authors, only when preceded by a neg. clause, or by an interrog. implying a neg.; cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; instead of quam, the comp. abl. or praeter, and similar words, sometimes appear, other than, different from, etc.

With atque, ac, or et:

illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35:

alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?

Ter. And. 3, 3, 13:

potest non solum aliud mihi ac tibi, sed mihi ipsi aliud alias videri,

Cic. Or. 71, 237:

longe alia nobis ac tu scripseras nuntiantur,

id. Att. 11, 10:

res alio modo est ac putatur,

id. Inv. 2, 6, 21 B. and K.:

qui longe alia ratione ac reliqui Galli bellum gerere coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

non alius essem atque nunc sum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9:

longe aliam esse navigationem in concluso mari atque in vastissimo atque apertissimo Oceano perspiciebant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9: aliud (se) esse facturum ac pronunciasset, Nep. Ages. 3, 4:

alia atque antea sentiret,

id. Hann. 2, 2:

lux longe alia est solis et lychnorum,

is very different, Cic. Cael. 28.—

With nisi or quam (the latter is suspicious in Cic.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 252; Orell. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75):

amare autem nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,

nothing else than, only, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

neque ulla fuit causa intermissionis epistularum nisi quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 13:

erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

id. de Or. 2, 12:

Quid est aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut, etc.?

id. Phil. 8, 3:

nihil aliud agerem, nisi eum, qui accusatus esset, defenderem,

id. Sull. 12; id. Att. 5, 10:

quid est aliud Gigantum modo bellare cum dis nisi naturae repugnare?

id. Sen. 2, 5; id. Sex. Rosc. 19, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

pinaster nihil aliud est quam pinus silvestris,

Plin. 16, 10; Nep. Arist. 2, 2; id. Paus. 1, 4:

Lysander nihil aliud molitus est quam ut omnes civitates in sua teneret potestate,

id. Lys. 1, 4:

neque aliud huic defuit quam generosa stirps,

id. Eum. 1, 2:

Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine quam quod Illi marmoreum caput est, etc.,

Juv. 8, 54.—Hence, nihil aliud nisi or quam, = ouden allo ê, followed by finite verb, nothing else than, nothing but, only (after these words, fecit, factum est may be supplied, or the phraseology changed to nulla alia re facta; cf. Matth. Gr. 903; Hoogev. ad Vig. p. 475;

Kuhn. Gr. Gr. II. p. 825): tribunatus P. Sestii nihil aliud nisi meum nomen causamque sustinuit,

Cic. Sest. 6, 13:

ut nihil aliud nisi de hoste ac de laude cogitet,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; Liv. 2, 8:

et hostes quidem nihil aliud (i. e. nulla alia re facta) quam perfusis vano timore Romanis citato agmine abeunt,

id. 2, 63; 31, 24:

sed ab lictore nihil aliud quam prehendere prohibito, cum conversus in Patres impetus esset,

id. 2, 29:

ut domo abditus nihil aliud quam per edicta obnuntiaret,

Suet. Caes. 20:

mox nihil aliud quam vectabatur et deambulabat,

id. Aug. 83.—So, quid aliud quam? what other thing than? what else than? quibus quid aliud quam admonemus cives nos eorum esse, Liv. 4, 3:

quid aliud quam ad bellum vocabantur?

Flor. 3, 23 med.; so,

Quid Tullius? Anne aliud quam sidus?

Juv. 7, 199.—In affirmative-clauses rare, and only post-Aug.:

te alia omnia, quam quae velis, agere, moleste ferrem,

Plin. Ep. 7, 15, 2:

quod alium quam se cooptassent,

Suet. Ner. 2 al. —So, with the simple interrogative, quis alius? quid aliud? Qui, malum, alii? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

Quid te aliud sollicitat?

id. ib. 1, 2, 82:

Quid aliud tibi vis?

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 90:

Numquid vis aliud?

id. Eun. 1, 2, 111:

Sed quis nunc alius audet praeferre? etc.,

Juv. 12, 48:

Quid enim est aliud Antonius?

Cic. Phil. 2, 70:

Quid est aliud furere?

id. Pis. 47:

Quid est alia sinistra liberalitas?

Cat. 29, 15 al. —

With comp. abl. (cf. in Gr. alla tôn dikaiôn, Xen. Mem. 4, 4, 25):

qui quaerit alia his, malum videtur quaerere,

other than, Plaut. Poen. prol. 22:

quod est aliud melle,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16: nec quidquam aliud libertate communi quaesisse, nothing else but, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2:

neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 20:

alius Lysippo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 240:

accusator alius Sejano,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 41.—

With praeter:

nec nobis praeter me alius quisquam est servos Sosia,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 249:

nec quidquam aliud est philosophia praeter studium sapientiae,

Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5:

non est alius praeter eum,

Vulg. Marc. 12, 32:

rogavit numquid aliud ferret praeter arcam?

Cic. de Or. 2, 69:

Num quid igitur aliud in illis judiciis versatum est praeter hasce insidias?

id. Clu. 62:

nec jam tela alia habebant praeter gladios,

Liv. 38, 21, 5.—

With extra (eccl. Lat.):

neque est alius extra te,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 2. 2; ib. Soph. 2, 15.—

With absque (eccl. Lat.):

non est alius Deus absque te,

Vulg. 1 Par. 17, 20.—

With praeterquam:

cum aliud, praeterquam de quo retulissent, decemviri dicere prohiberent,

Liv. 3, 40.

Esp.

In distributive-clauses repeated even several times, and also interchanged with non nulli, quidam, ceteri, pars, partim, etc., the one... the other; plur., some... others:

quid potes dicere cur alia defendas, alia non cures?

Cic. Phil. 2, 111:

latera tegentes alios, alios praegredientes amicos,

id. ib. 13, 4: cum alii fossas complerent, alii defensores vallo depellerent, Caes. B. G. 3, 25; id. B. C. 1, 55:

alii experimentorum notitiam necessariam esse contendunt, alii non satis potentem usum esse proponunt, Cels. prooem.: quae minus tuta erant, alia fossis, alia vallis, alia turribus muniebat,

Liv. 32, 5; so Vulg. Matt. 13, 5 sqq.; ib. 1 Cor. 12, 10; Cels. 3, 3, enumerating the different kinds of fever, repeats aliae seventeen times:

cum aliis Q. Frater legatus, aliis C. Pomptinus legatus, reliquis M. Anneius legatus etc.,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:

proferebant alii purpuram, tus alii, gemmas alii, vina non nulli Graeca,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146: alias bestias nantes, alias volucres, serpentes quasdam, quasdam esse gradientes; earum ipsarum partim solivagas, partim congregatas;

immanes alias, quasdam autem cicures, non nullas abditas,

id. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

principes partim interfecerant, alios in exsilium ejecerant,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 4:

nos alii ibimus Afros, pars Scythiam veniemus,

Verg. E. 1, 65:

alii superstantes proeliarentur, pars occulti muros subruerent,

Tac. H. 4, 23.—Sometimes alius is omitted in one clause:

Helvetii ea spe dejecti navibus junctis, alii vadis Rhodani, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

Veientes ignari in partem praedae suae vocatos deos, alios votis ex urbe sua evocatos, etc.,

Liv. 5, 21; Plin. 2, 43, 44, § 114:

castra metari placuit, ut opus et alii proelium inciperent,

Tac. A. 1, 63.—Also with aliquis:

alia sunt tamquam sibi nata, ut oculi, ut aures: aliqua etiam ceterorum membrorum usum adjuvant,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63: [putat aliquis esse voluptatem bonum;

alius autem pecuniam],

id. Tusc. 5, 28, 60 B. and K.; cf. Goer. ad Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 20.—Sometimes aliud... aliud designate merely a distinction between two objects contrasted, one thing... another:

Numquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit,

Juv. 14, 321:

Fuit tempus, quo alia adversa, alia secunda principi,

Plin. Pan. 72:

aliud est male dicere, aliud accusare,

Cic. Cael. 3; id. Lig. 16; Quint. 10, 1, 53:

aliud est servum esse, aliud servire,

id. 5, 10, 60 al.:

jam sciunt longe aliud esse virgines rapere, aliud pugnare cum viris,

Liv. 1, 12; cf. infra, e.—

Alius repeated in another case, or with its derivatives, aliter, alias, alio, alibi, aliunde, etc. (but never with its derivatives in Tac.), in imitation of the Greek (cf. L. and S. s. v. allos, and Ochsn. Eclog. 110): simul alis alid aliunde rumitant inter se, Naev. ap. Fest. pp. 135 and 225; cf.

Bothe, Fragm. Comic. p. 25: alius alium percontamur, cuja est navis?

one another, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 46:

fallacia alia aliam trudit,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 40:

fecerunt alii quidem alia quam multa,

Cic. Phil. 3, 20, 6:

signa et ornamenta alia alio in loco intuebantur,

some in one place and some in another, id. Verr. 2. 1, 22:

alius in alia est re magis utilis,

id. Sex. Rosc. 111:

alius ex alia parte,

id. Verr. 1, 66:

dies alios alio dedit ordine Luna felicis operum,

Verg. G. 1, 276:

ut ipsi inter se alii aliis prodesse possent,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33:

ideo multa conjecta sunt, aliud alio tempore,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7:

habes Sardos venales, alium alio nequiorem,

one worse than another, id. Fam. 7, 24: quo facto cum alius alii subsidium ferrent, one to another, Fr., l'un a

l'autre,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26 Herz.:

legiones aliae alia in parte resistunt,

id. ib. 2, 22:

alius alia causa illata,

id. ib. 1, 39:

cum ceteros alii alium alia de causa improbarent,

Suet. Vesp. 6:

alius alii subsidium ferunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

alius alio more viventes,

each in a different way, Sall. C. 6, 2:

alius alii tanti facinoris conscii,

id. ib. 22, 2; so id. ib. 52, 28; id. J. 53, 8; Curt. 10, 5, 16; Just. 15, 2:

alii autem aliud clamabant,

Vulg. Act. 19, 32:

illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus sentiunt,

now this, now that, Cic. de Or. 2, 7 fin.:

aliter ab aliis digeruntur,

id. ib. 2, 19; Vulg. 3 Reg. 22, 20:

equites alii alia dilapsi sunt,

some in this way, some in that, Liv. 44, 43:

cum alii alio mitterentur,

id. 7, 39: Alis alibi stantes, omnes tamen adversis volneribus conciderunt, Sall. ap. Charis. 2, p. 133:

jussit alios alibi fodere,

Liv. 44, 33; Vulg. Sap. 18, 18.—

Alius ex alio, super alium, post alium, one after another; so often of the connection between ideas:

ut aliud ex alio incidit, occurrit, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

aliud ex alio succurrit mihi,

Cic. Fragm. C. 12:

alid ex alio reficit natura,

Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 1305; 5, 1456: sed, [p. 91] ut aliud ex alio, mihi non est dubium, quin, etc., Cic. Att. 16, 14, Plin. Pan. 18, 1:

ex alio in aliud vicissitudo atque mutatio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

alias ex aliis nectendo moras,

Liv. 7, 39:

aliam ex alia prolem,

Verg. G. 3, 65; id. Cir. 364:

nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur,

id. A. 3, 494:

quae impie per biennium alia super alia es ausus,

Liv. 3, 56; 23, 36:

aliud super aliud scelus,

id. 30, 26; Plin. Ep. 7, 8; Suet. Ner. 49:

deinde ab eo magistratu alium post alium sibi peperit,

Sall. J. 63, 5.—

Alius atque alius or alius aliusque, the one and the other; now this, now that; different:

eadem res saepe aut probatur aut reicitur, alio atque alio elata verbo,

Cic. Or. 22, 72:

alio atque alio loco requiescere,

in different places, Sall. J. 72, 2:

inchoata res aliis atque aliis de causis dilata erat,

Liv. 8, 23:

aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

Sen. Ep. 32, 2:

cum alia atque alia appetendo loca munirent,

Liv. 1, 8:

milites trans flumen aliis atque aliis locis traiciebant,

id. 2, 2:

luna alio atque alio loco exoritur,

Plin. 2, 10:

febres aliae aliaeque subinde oriuntur,

Cels. 3, 3:

cancer aliis aliisque signis discernitur,

id. 5, 26:

aliis atque aliis causis,

Suet. Aug. 97.—In Sall. also alius deinde alius or alius post alius:

saepe tentantes agros alia deinde alia loca petiverant, J. 18, 7: alias deinde alias morae causas facere,

id. ib. 36, 2:

aliis post aliis minitari,

id. ib. 55, 8.—

Of another kind or nature, i. e. different; hence, alium facere, to make different, to change, transform; and alium fleri, to become different, to be wholly changed:

nunc haec dies aliam vitam affert, alios mores postulat,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 18 (aliam vitam pro diversam, contrariam, Don.):

alium nunc censes esse me atque olim cum dabam,

id. ib. 3, 3, 13:

Huic aliud mercedis erit,

Verg. E. 6, 26:

longe alia mihi mens est,

Sall. C. 52, 2:

Vos aliam potatis aquam,

Juv. 5, 52:

lectus non alius cuiquam,

id. 8, 178:

ensesque recondit mors alia,

Stat. Th. 7, 806:

ostensus est in alia effigie,

Vulg. Marc. 16, 12; ib. Rom. 7, 23; ib. Gal. 1, 6; ib. Jac. 2, 25:

alium fecisti me, alius ad te veneram,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 123: alius nunc fieri volo, id. Poen. prol. fin.:

homines alii facti sunt,

Cic. Fam. 11, 12:

mutaberis in virum alium,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 10, 6; cf. supra, II. A. fin. —Hence, in alia omnia ire, transire, or discedere, sc. vota, to differ from the thing proposed; and in gen., to reject or oppose it, to go over to the opposite side: qui hoc censetis, illuc transite;

qui alia omnia, in hanc partem: his verbis praeit ominis videlicet causa, ne dicat: qui non censetis,

Fest. p. 221; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 19:

frequens eum senatus reliquit et in alia omnia discessit,

Cic. Fam. 10, 12:

de tribus legatis frequentes ierunt in alia omnia,

id. ib. 1, 2 Manut.: cum prima M. Marcelli sententia pronunciata esset, frequens senatus in alia omnia iit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

discessionem faciente Marcello, senatus frequens in alia omnia transiit,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 53: aliud or alias res agere, v. ago, II. 7.—

Of that which remains of a whole, = reliquus, ceteri, the rest, the remainder:

Divitiaco ex aliis Gallis maximam fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41:

inter primos atrox proelium fuit, alia multitudo terga vertit,

Liv. 7, 26:

vulgus aliud trucidatum,

id. 7, 19; 2, 23; so id. 24, 1:

legiones in testudinem glomerabantur et alii tela incutiebant,

Tac. H. 3, 31; id. A. 1, 30; 3, 42:

cum alios incessus hostis clausisset, unum reliquum aestas impediret,

id. ib. 6, 33 al.—

Like alter, one of two, the other of two:

huic fuerunt filii nati duo, alium servus surpuit, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 8; cf. id. ib. arg. 2 and 9: eis genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere;

magnitudo animi par, item gloria, sed alia alii,

Sall. C. 54, 1 Kritz:

duo Romani super alium alius corruerunt,

one upon the other, Liv. 1, 25, 5:

ita duo deinceps reges, alius alia via, civitatem auxerunt,

each in a different way, id. 1, 21, 6; 24, 27:

marique alio Nicopolim ingressus,

Tac. A. 5, 10 ( Ionio, Halm); so,

alias partes fovere,

the other side, id. H. 1, 8.—Also in the enumeration of the parts of any thing:

Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam Celtae,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1 Herz.:

classium item duo genera sunt: unum liburnarum, aliud lusoriarum,

Veg. 2, 1 (cf. in Gr. meinantes de tautên tên hêmeran, têi allêi eporeuonto, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 1; and so the Vulg.: Alia die profecti, the next day, Act. 21, 8).—Hence, alius with a proper name used as an appell. (cf. alter):

ne quis alius Ariovistus regno Galliarum potiretur,

a second Ariovistus, Tac. H. 4, 73 fin.:

alius Nero,

Suet. Tit. 7.—

A peculiar enhancement of the idea is produced by alius with a neg. and the comp.:

mulier, qua mulier alia nulla est pulchrior,

than whom no other woman is more beautiful, to whom no other woman is equal in beauty, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 100:

facinus, quo non fortius ausit alis,

Cat. 66, 28:

Fama malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,

Verg. A. 4, 174:

quo neque melius neque amplius aliud in natura mortalium est,

Sall. J. 2, 4:

quo non aliud atrocius visum,

Tac. A. 6, 24:

(Sulla) neque consilio neque manu priorem alium pati,

Sall. J. 96, 3:

neque majus aliud neque praestabilius invenias,

id. ib. 1, 2; Liv. 1, 24:

non alia ante Romana pugna atrocior fuit,

id. 1, 27; 2, 31; Tac. A. 6, 7 al.; cf. under aliter, 2. b. z.—Hence the advv.

ălĭō, adv. (an old dat. form, designating direction to a place; cf.: eo, quo), elsewhither (arch.), elsewhere, to another place, person, or thing, allose (class., esp. among poets; but not found in Lucr. or Juv.).

In gen.

Of place:

fortasse tu profectus alio fueras,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 49:

ut ab Norba alio traducerentur,

Liv. 32, 2:

translatos alio maerebis amores,

Hor. Epod. 15, 23:

decurrens alio,

id. S. 2, 1, 32:

nam frustra vitium vitaveris illud, Si te alio pravum detorseris,

id. ib. 2, 2, 55.—With quo:

Arpinumne mihi eundum sit, an quo alio,

to some other place, Cic. Att. 9, 17:

si quando Romam aliove quo mitterent legatos,

Liv. 38, 30. —

Of persons or things (cf. alias, alibi, alicunde, etc.):

illi suum animum alio conferunt,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 10 (cf. Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62:

ne ad illam me animum adjecisse sentiat): ne quando iratus tu alio conferas,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 60 Don.:

hi narrata ferunt alio,

Ov. M. 12, 57: tamen vocat me alio ( to another subject) jam dudum tacita vestra exspectatio, Cic. Clu. 23, 63; id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139:

sed, si placet, sermonem alio transferamus,

id. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

quoniam alio properare tempus monet,

Sall. J. 19, 2; so Tac. A. 1, 18 al.—

Of purpose or design:

appellet haec desideria naturae: cupiditatis nomen servet alio,

for another purpose, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27:

hoc longe alio spectabat,

looked quite elsewhere, had a far different design, Nep. Them. 6, 3.—

a.. Alio... alio, in one way... in another; hither... thither, = huc... illuc:

hic (i. e. in ea re) alio res familiaris, alio ducit humanitas,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89: alio atque alio, in one way and another:

nihil alio atque alio spargitur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 2.—

Alius alio, each in a different way, one in one way, another in another:

et ceteri quidem alius alio,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:

aliud alio dissipavit,

id. Div. 1, 34, 76; so Liv. 2, 54, 9; 7, 39.—So, aliunde alio, from one place to another:

quassatione terrae aliunde alio (aquae) transferuntur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 1; cf. aliunde.—

Like alius or aliter with a negative and the particles of comparison quam or atque;

in questions with nisi: plebem nusquam alio natam quam ad serviendum,

for nothing but, Liv. 7, 18, 7: non alio datam summam quam in emptionem, etc., * Suet. Aug. 98 Ruhnk.:

quo alio nisi ad nos confugerent?

Liv. 39, 36, 11; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 232-234.—

ălĭā, adv. (sc. via), in another way, in a different manner (in the whole ante-class. and class. per. dub.); for in Plaut. Rud. prol. 10, aliuta has been proposed; in Lucr. 6, 986, Lachm. reads alio; in Liv. 21, 56, 2, Weissenb. alibi; and in id. 44, 43, 2, via may be supplied from the preced. context; certain only in Don. ad Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 5; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 219.—

ălĭās, adv. (acc. to Prisc. 1014 P., and Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 769, an acc. form like foras; but acc. to Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 5, 57, and Hab. Syn. 79, old gen. like paterfamili as, Alcmen as, etc. In the ante-class. per. rare; only once in Plaut., twice in Ter., twice in Varro; in the class. per. most freq. in Cic., but only three times in his orations; also in Plin.).

Of time, at a time other than the present, whether it be in the past or (more freq.) in the future.

At another time, at other times, on another occasion (alias: temporis adverbium, quod Graeci allote, aliter allôs, Capitol. Orth. 2242 P.; cf.

Herz. and Hab., as cited above): alias ut uti possim causa hac integra,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 4; so id. And. 3, 2, 49 (alias = alio tempore, Don.):

sed alias jocabimur,

Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

sed plura scribemus alias,

id. ib. 7, 6:

et alias et in consulatus petitione vinci,

id. Planc. 18:

nil oriturum alias,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 17.—In the future, freq. in contrast with nunc, in praesentia, tum, hactenus:

recte secusne, alias viderimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135:

Hactenus haec: alias justum sit necne poema, Nunc, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 63: sed haec alias pluribus;

nunc, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 2 fin.; Liv. 44, 36 fin.: quare placeat, alias ostendemus; in praesentia, etc., Auct. ad Her. 3, 16, 28.—In the past:

gubernatores alias imperare soliti, tum metu mortis jussa exsequebantur,

Curt. 4, 3, 18:

alias bellare inter se solitos, tunc periculi societas junxerat,

id. 9, 4, 15.—Freq. with advv. of time;

as numquam, umquam, and the like: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, aut etiam si numquam alias fuimus, tum profecto, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 2:

consilio numquam alias dato,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 45:

numquam ante alias,

Liv. 2, 22, 7:

non umquam alias ante tantus terror senatum invasit,

id. 2, 9, 5; 1, 28, 4:

si quando umquam ante alias,

id. 32, 5 (where the four advv. of time are to be taken together):

Saturnalibus et si quando alias libuisset, modo munera dividebat,

Suet. Aug. 75.—

Alias... alias, as in Gr. allote... allote; allote men... allote de, at one time... at another; once... another time; sometimes... sometimes; now... now:

Alias me poscit pro illa triginta minas, Alias talentum magnum,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 63; so Varr. L. L. 8, § 76 Mull.; id. R. R. 2, 1, 15; Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 120:

nec potest quisquam alias beatus esse, alias miser,

id. Fin. 2, 27, 87:

contentius alias, alias summissius,

id. de Or. 3, 55, 212:

cum alias bellum inferrent, alias inlatum defenderent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 29; so id. ib. 5, 57 al.; it occurs four times in successive clauses in Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 99.—Sometimes plerumque, saepe, aliquando, interdum stand in corresponding clauses:

nec umquam sine usura reddit (terra), quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum foenore,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

geminatio verborum habet interdum vim, leporem alias,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 206:

hoc alias fastidio, alias contumacia, saepius imbecillitate, evenit,

Plin. 16, 32, 58, § 134; 7, 15, 13, § 63.—Sometimes one alias is omitted:

illi eruptione tentata alias cuniculis ad aggerem actis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 3, 21; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.—

Alias aliter, alias alius, etc. (cf. alius), at one time in one way... at another in another; now so... now otherwise; now this... now that:

et alias aliter haec in utramque partem causae solent convenire,

Cic. Inv. 2, 13, 45:

alii enim sunt, alias nostrique familiares fere demortui,

id. Att. 16, 11 (Madv. interprets this of time):

illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus judicant,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Or. 59, 200:

(deos) non semper eosdem atque alias alios solemus venerari,

id. Red. in Sen. 30:

ut iidem versus alias in aliam rem posse accommodari viderentur,

id. Div. 2, 54, 111.—

Saepe alias or alias saepe... nunc, nuper, quondam, etc.;

also: cum saepe alias... tum, etc. (very common in Cic.): quod cum saepe alias tum nuper, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 7:

fecimus et alias saepe et nuper in Tusculano,

id. ib. 5, 4, 11:

quibus de rebus et alias saepe... et quondam in Hortensii villa,

id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

quorum pater et saepe alias et maxime censor saluti rei publicae fuit,

id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:

cum saepe alias, tum apud centumviros,

id. Brut. 39, 144:

cum saepe alias, tum Pyrrhi bello,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86; 3, 11, 47:

neque tum solum, sed saepe alias,

Nep. Hann. 11, 7.—In comparative sentences rare:

nunc tamen libentius quam saepe alias,

Symm. Ep. 1, 90.—So,

Semper alias, always at other times or in other cases (apparently only post-Aug.): et super cenam autem et semper alias communissimus, multa joco transigebat. Suet. Vesp. 22; id. Tib. 18; Gell. 15, 1.—

Raro alias, rarely at other times, on other occasions:

ut raro alias quisquam tanto favore est auditus,

Liv. 45, 20; 3, 69; Tac. H. 1, 89.—

Non alias, at no other time, never, = numquam (a choice poet. expression, often imitated by [p. 92] the histt.):

non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno Fulgura,

never at any other time did so much lightning fall from a clear sky, Verg. G. 1, 487:

non alias militi familiarior dux fuit,

Liv. 7, 33; 45, 7:

non alias majore mole concursum,

Tac. A. 2, 46; 4. 69;

11, 31: non sane alias exercitatior Britannia fuit,

id. Agr. 5:

haud alias intentior populus plus vocis permisit,

id. A. 3, 11, and 15, 46; Suet. Tit. 8; Flor. 3, 6.—

Of place, at another place, elsewhere; or in respect of other things, in other circumstances, otherwise (only post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7):

Idaeus rubus appellatus est, quoniam in Ida, non alias, nascitur,

Plin. 24, 14, 75, § 123 (Jan, alius): nusquam alias tam torrens fretum, * Just. 4, 1, 9:

sicut vir alias doctissimus Cornutus existimat,

Macr. S. 5, 19.—

Alias for alioqui (only post-Aug.), to indicate that something is in a different condition in one instance, not in others, except that, for the rest, otherwise:

in Silaro non virgulta modo immersa, verum et folia lapidescunt, alias salubri potu ejus aquae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; so id. 18, 6, 7, § 37; 19, 8, 48, § 163; 25, 2, 6, § 16 al.—

Non alias quam, for no other reason, on no other condition, in no other circumstances than, not other than; and non alias nisi, on no other condition, not otherwise, except (prob. taken from the lang. of common life):

non alias magis indoluisse Caesarem ferunt quam quod, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 73:

debilitatum vulnere jacuisse non alias quam simulatione mortis tutiorem,

by nothing safer than by feigning death, Curt. 8, 1, 24; 8, 14, 16; Dig. 29, 7, 6, § 2: non alias ( on no other condition) existet heres ex substitutione nisi, etc., ib. 28, 6, 8; 23, 3, 37, 23, 3, 29.—

Alias like aliter, in another manner; flrst in the Lat. of the jurists (cf. Suet. Tib. 71 Oud.; Liv. 21, 56, 2 Drak.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 49 Ruhnk.), Dig. 33, 8, 8, § 8; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 219-227. —

ălĭtĕr, adv. [alis; v. alius init. ], otherwise, in another manner, allôs.

With comparative-clause expressed; constr. both affirm. and neg. without distinction.

With atque, ac, quam, and rarely ut, otherwise than, different from what, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23:

sed aliter atque ostenderam facio,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 6:

aliter ac nos vellemus,

Cic. Mil. 9, 23:

de quo tu aliter sentias atque ego,

id. Fin. 4, 22, 60; id. Att. 6, 3:

si aliter nos faciant quam aequum est,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 42:

si aliter quippiam coacti faciant quam libere,

Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29; id. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 24; id. Inv. 2, 22, 66:

Sed si aliter ut dixi accidisset, qui possem queri?

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—

Non (or haud) aliter, not otherwise (per litoten), = just as; with quam si, ac si, quam cum, quam, exactly, just as if:

Non aliter quam si ruat omnis Karthago,

Verg. A. 4, 669:

dividor haud aliter quam si mea membra relinquam,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 73:

nihil in senatu actum aliter quam si, etc.,

Liv. 23, 4; 21, 63, 9:

illi negabant se aliter ituros quam si, etc.,

id. 3, 51, 12:

nec aliter quam si mihi tradatur, etc., Quint. prooem. 5: ut non aliter ratio constet quam si uni reddatur,

Tac. A. 1, 6; 1, 49:

Non aliter quam si fecisset Juno maritum Insanum,

Juv. 6, 619; Suet. Aug. 40:

non aliter quam cum, etc.,

Ov. F. 2, 209; so id. M. 2, 623; 4, 348; 6, 516 al.:

nec scripsi aliter ac si, etc.,

Cic. Att. 13, 51; Suet. Oth. 6; Col. 2, 14 (15), 8:

Non aliter quam qui lembum subigit,

Verg. G. 1, 201:

non aliter praeformidat quam qui ferrum medici, priusquam curetur, aspexit,

Quint. 4, 5, 5; so id. 4, 5, 22; 2, 5, 11:

neque aliter quam ii, qui traduntur, etc.,

id. 5, 8, 1:

patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam Institor hibernae tegetis,

Juv. 7, 220:

successorem non aliter quam indicium mortis accepturum,

Tac. A. 6, 30.—

Aliter ab aliquo (analog. to alius with the abl., and alienus with ab), differently from any one:

cultores regionum multo aliter a ceteris agunt,

Mel. 1, 9, 6.—

Non ali ter nisi, by no other means, on no other condition, not otherwise, except:

qui aliter obsistere fato fatetur se non potuisse, nisi etc.,

Cic. Fat. 20, 48; id. Fam. 1, 9: non pati C. Caesarem consulem aliter fieri, nisi exercitum et provincias tradiderit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14; so Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 18; Liv. 35, 39; 45, 11; 38; Tac. Or. 32; Just. 12, 14, 7; Suet. Ner. 36; Dig. 37, 9, 6; 48, 18, 9. —

Non aliter quam ut, on no other condition than that:

neque aliter poterit palos, ad quos perducitur, pertingere, quam ut diffluat,

Col. Arb. 7, 5; so Suet. Tib. 15; 24; id. Galb. 8; Curt. 9, 5, 23.—

Without a comparative clause expressed.

In gen., otherwise, in another manner, in other respects; and in the poets: haud aliter (per litoten), just so:

vale atque salve, etsi aliter ut dicam meres,

though you deserve that I speak differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 86 Brix:

tu si aliter existimes, nihil errabis,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 16:

ut eadem ab utrisque dicantur, aliter dicuntur,

in a different sense, Plin. Pan. 72, 7:

Si quis aliter docet,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 6, 3:

quae aliter se habent,

ib. ib. 5, 25:

Quippe aliter tunc vivebant homines,

Juv. 6, 11: quod uterque nostrum his etiam ex studiis notus, quibus aliter ignotus est, otherwise, i. e. personally, unknown, Plin. Ep. 9, 23, 3.—With negatives:

non fuit faciendum aliter,

Cic. Att. 6, 9; Tac. A. 15, 68:

Ergo non aliter poterit dormire?

Juv. 3, 281:

aliter haud facile eos ad tantum negotium impelli posse,

Sall. C. 44, 1; Curt. 8, 10, 27:

haud aliter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti Ignescunt irae (the comparison of the wolf precedes),

Verg. A. 9, 65:

haud aliter (i. e. like a wild beast) juvenis medios moriturus in hostes Irruit,

id. ib. 9, 554 al.; Ov. M. 8, 473; 9, 642:

non aliter (i. e. than I) Samio dicunt arsisse Bathyllo Anacreonta Teium,

Hor. Epod. 14, 10:

neque Mordaces aliter (i. e. than by means of wine) diffugiunt sollicitudines,

id. C. 1, 18, 4:

neque exercitum Romanum aliter transmissurum,

Tac. H. 5, 19:

nec aliter expiari potest,

Vulg. Num. 35, 33. —So, fieri aliter non potest or fieri non potest aliter (not fieri non aliter potest): nihil agis;

Fieri aliter non potest,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 13: assentior;

fieri non potuit aliter,

Cic. Att. 6, 6.—

Esp.

Pregn., otherwise, in the contrary manner: Pe. Servos Epidicus dixit mihi. Ph. Quid si servo aliter visum est? i. e. if he does not speak the truth? Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 29:

verum aliter evenire multo intellegit,

Ter. And. prol. 4 (aliter autem contra significat, Don.):

amplis cornibus et nigris potius quam aliter,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 1: ne aliter quid eveniat, providere de cet, otherwise than harmoniously, Sall. J. 10, 7:

dis aliter visum,

Verg. A. 2, 428:

sin aliter tibi videtur,

Vulg. Num. 11, 15: adversi... saevaque circuitu curvantem bracchia longo Scorpion atque aliter ( in the opposite direction) curvantem bracchia Cancrum, Ov. M. 2, 83: aliterque ( and in the opposite course) secante jam pelagus rostro, Luc. 8, 197.—Hence, qui aliter fecerit, who will not do that:

neu quis de his postea ad senatum referat, neve cum populo agat: qui aliter fecerit, etc.,

Sall. C. 51, 43; Just. 6, 6, 1; cf. Brisson. de Form. p. 200, and de Verb. Signif. p. 66.—

Aliter esse, to be of a different nature, differently constituted or disposed:

sed longe aliter est amicus atque amator,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 70: ego hunc esse aliter credidi: iste me fefellit;

ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 44; id. Ad. 3, 4, 46; Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137.—

For alioqui (q. v. II. C.), otherwise, else, in any other case:

jus enim semper est quaesitum aequabile: neque enim aliter esset jus (and just after: nam aliter justitia non esset),

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42; 1, 39, 139; id. Lael. 20, 74:

si suos legatos recipere vellent, quos Athenas miserant, se remitterent, aliter illos numquam in patriam essent recepturi,

Nep. Them. 7 fin.:

aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,

Sall. C. 29, 3 Kritz:

aliter non viribus ullis Vincere poteris,

Verg. A. 6, 147:

veniam ostentantes, si praesentia sequerentur: aliter nihil spei,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

quoniam aliter non possem,

Vulg. Sap. 8, 21.—

Like alius (q. v. II. A.) repeated even several times in a distributive manner, in one way... in another: sed aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; so id. ib. 1, 12, 38; id. Lael. 24, 89; id. Fam. 15, 21, 6:

aliter utimur propriis, aliter commodatis,

Tac. Or. 32:

Aliter catuli longe olent, aliter sues,

Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 9:

aliter Diodoro, aliter Philoni, Chrysippo aliter placet,

id. Ac. 2, 47, 143:

idem illud aliter Caesar, aliter Cicero, aliter Cato suadere debebit,

Quint. 3, 8, 49: Et aliter acutis morbis medendum, aliter vetustis; aliter increscentibus, aliter subsistentibus, aliter jam ad sanitatem inclinatis, Cels. prooem. p. 10.—

With alius or its derivatives, one in one way, another in another (v. alius, II. B.):

quoniam aliter ab aliis digeruntur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; id. Att. 7, 8; Liv. 2, 21; so id. 39, 53:

hoc ex locorum occasione aliter alibi decernitur,

Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; so id. 25, 4, 10, § 29.—

Non aliter, analog. to non alius (v. alius, II. H.) with a comp. (only in Plin.):

non aliter utilius id fieri putare quam, etc.,

Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 28:

idque non aliter clarius intellegi potest,

id. 37, 4, 15, § 59; so id. 22, 22, 36, § 78; 24, 11, 50, § 85; 28, 9, 41, § 148; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 267-276.

ănĭmus, i, m. [a Graeco-Italic form of anemos = wind (as ego, lego, of ego, lego); cf. Sanscr. an = to breathe, anas = breath, anilas = wind; Goth. uz-ana = exspiro; Erse, anal = breath; Germ. Unst = a storm (so, sometimes); but Curt. does not extend the connection to AФ, aêmi = to blow; a modification of animus—by making which the Romans took a step in advance of the Greeks, who used hê psuchê for both these ideas—is anima, which has the physical meaning of anemos, so that Cic. was theoretically right, but historically wrong, when he said, ipse animus ab anima dictus est, Tusc. 1, 9, 19; after the same analogy we have from psuchô = to breathe, blow, psuchê = breath, life, soul; from pneô = to breathe, pneuma = air, breath, life, in class. Greek, and = spirit, a spiritual being, in Hellenistic Greek; from spiro = to breathe, blow, spiritus = breath, breeze, energy, high spirit, and poet. and post-Aug. = soul, mind; the Engl. ghost = Germ. Geist may be comp. with Germ. giessen and cheô, to pour, and for this interchange of the ideas of gases and liquids, cf. Sol. 22: insula adspiratur freto Gallico, is flowed upon, washed, by the Gallic Strait; the Sanscr. atman = breath, soul, with which comp. aytmê = breath; Germ. Odem = breath, and Athem = breath, soul, with which group Curt. connects auô, aêmi; the Heb. = breath, life, soul; and = breath, wind, life, spirit, soul or mind].

In a general sense, the rational soul in man (in opp. to the body, corpus, and to the physical life, anima), hê psuchê:

humanus animus decerptus ex mente divina,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

Corpus animum praegravat, Atque affixit humo divinae particulam aurae,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:

credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, ut essent qui terras tuerentur etc.,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

eas res tueor animi non corporis viribus,

id. ib. 11, 38; so id. Off. 1, 23, 79:

quae (res) vel infirmis corporibus animo tamen administratur,

id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 29, 102:

omnes animi cruciatus et corporis,

id. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

levantes Corpus et animum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 141:

formam et figuram animi magis quam corporis complecti,

Tac. Agr. 46; id. H. 1, 22:

animi validus et corpore ingens,

id. A. 15, 53:

Aristides primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocantur Graece ethe, item perturbationes,

first painted the soul, put a soul into his figures, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 98 (cf.:

animosa signa,

life-like statues, Prop. 4, 8, 9): si nihil esset in eo (animo), nisi id, ut per eum viveremus, i. e. were it mere anima, Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 56:

Singularis est quaedam natura atque vis animi, sejuncta ab his usitatis notisque naturis, i. e. the four material elements,

id. ib. 1, 27, 66: Neque nos corpora sumus. Cum igitur nosce te dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum, id. ib. 1, 22, 52:

In quo igitur loco est (animus)? Credo equidem in capite,

id. ib. 1, 29, 70:

corpora nostra, terreno principiorum genere confecta, ardore animi concalescunt,

derive their heat from the fiery nature of the soul, id. ib. 1, 18, 42:

Non valet tantum animus, ut se ipsum ipse videat: at, ut oculus, sic animus, se non videns alia cernit,

id. ib. 1, 27, 67: foramina illa ( the senses), quae patent ad animum a corpore, callidissimo artificio natura fabricata est, id. ib. 1, 20, 47: dum peregre est animus sine corpore velox, independently of the body, i. e. the mind roaming in thought, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 13:

discessus animi a corpore,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 30, 72:

cum nihil erit praeter animum,

when there shall be nothing but the soul, when the soul shall be disembodied, id. ib. 1, 20, 47; so,

animus vacans corpore,

id. ib. 1, 22, 50; and:

animus sine corpore,

id. ib. 1, 22, 51:

sine mente animoque nequit residere per artus pars ulla animai,

Lucr. 3, 398 (for the pleonasm here, v. infra, II. A. 1.):

Reliquorum sententiae spem adferunt posse animos, cum e corporibus excesserint in caelum pervenire,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

permanere animos arbitramur consensu nationum omnium,

id. ib. 1, 16, 36:

Pherecydes primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos,

id. ib. 1, 16, 38:

Quod ni ita se haberet, ut animi immortales essent, haud etc.,

id. Sen. 23, 82: immortalitas animorum, id. ib. 21, 78; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24; 1, 14, 30:

aeternitas animorum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 39; 1, 22, 50 (for the plur. animorum, in this phrase, cf. Cic. Sen. 23, 84); for the atheistic notions about the soul, v. Lucr. bk. iii.—

In a more restricted sense, the mind as thinking, feeling, willing, the intellect, the sensibility, and the will, acc. to the almost universally received division of the mental powers since the time of Kant (Diog. Laert. 8, 30, says that Pythagoras divided hê psuchê into ho nous, hai phrenes, and ho thumos; and that man had ho nous and ho thumos in common with other animals, but he alone had hai phrenes. Here ho nous and ho thumos must denote the understanding and the sensibility, and hai phrenes, the reason. Plutarch de Placit. 4, 21, says that the Stoics called the supreme faculty of the mind (to hêgemonikon tês psuchês) ho logismos, reason. Cic. sometimes speaks of a twofold division; as, Est animus in partes tributus duas, quarum altera rationis est particeps, altera expers (i. e. to logistikon and to alogon of Plato; cf. Tert. Anim. 16), i. e. the reason or intellect and the sensibility, Tusc. 2, 21, 47; so id. Off. 1, 28, 101; 1, 36, 132; id. Tusc 4, 5, 10; and again of a threefold; as, Plato triplicem finxit animum, cujus principatum, id est rationem in capite sicut in arce posuit, et duas partes ( the two other parts) ei parere voluit, iram et cupiditatem, quas locis disclusit; iram in pectore, cupiditatem subter praecordia locavit, i. e. the reason or intellect, and the sensibility here resolved into desire and aversion, id. ib. 1, 10, 20; so id. Ac. 2, 39, 124. The will, hê boulêsis, voluntas, arbitrium, seems to have been sometimes merged in the sensibility, ho thumos, animus, animi, sensus, and sometimes identified with the intellect or reason, ho nous, ho logismos, mens, ratio).

1.. The general power of perception and thought, the reason, intellect, mind (syn.: mens, ratio, ingenium), ho nous:

cogito cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; so Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 55:

cum animis vestris cogitare,

Cic. Agr. 2, 24:

recordari cum animo,

id. Clu. 25, 70;

and without cum: animo meditari,

Nep. Ages. 4, 1; cf. id. Ham. 4, 2:

cogitare volvereque animo,

Suet. Vesp. 5:

animo cogitare,

Vulg. Eccli. 37, 9:

statuere apud animum,

Liv. 34, 2:

proposui in animo meo,

Vulg. Eccli. 1, 12:

nisi me animus fallit, hi sunt, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 23:

in dubio est animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; id. ib. prol. 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 29:

animum ad se ipsum advocamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

lumen animi, ingenii consiliique tui,

id. Rep. 6, 12 al. —

For the sake of rhet. fulness, animus often has a synonym joined with it: Mens et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis posita est in legibus,

Cic. Clu. 146:

magnam cui mentem animumque Delius inspirat vates,

Verg. A. 6, 11:

complecti animo et cogitatione,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117; id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

animis et cogitatione comprehendere,

id. Fl. 27, 66:

cum omnia ratione animoque lustraris,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56:

animorum ingeniorumque naturale quoddam quasi pabulum consideratio naturae,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 127.—Hence the expressions: agitatio animi, attentio, contentio; animi adversio; applicatio animi; judicium, opinio animorum, etc. (v. these vv.); and animum advertere, adjungere, adplicare, adpellere, inducere, etc. (v. these vv.).—

Of particular faculties of mind, the memory:

etiam nunc mihi Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo Chrysidis,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

An imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus etc. (an idea of Aristotle's),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:

ex animo effluere,

id. de Or. 2, 74, 300: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque;

... Nunc oblita mihi tot carmina,

Verg. E. 9, 51.—

Consciousness (physically considered) or the vital power, on which consciousness depends ( = conscientia, q. v. II. A., or anima, q. v. II. E.):

vae miserae mihi. Animo malest: aquam velim,

I'm fainting, my wits are going, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 6; id. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

reliquit animus Sextium gravibus acceptis vulneribus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 38:

Una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur,

Verg. A. 10, 487:

animusque reliquit euntem,

Ov. M. 10, 459:

nisi si timor abstulit omnem Sensum animumque,

id. ib. 14, 177:

linqui deinde animo et submitti genu coepit,

Curt. 4, 6, 20: repente animo linqui solebat, Suet. Caes. 45:

ad recreandos defectos animo puleio,

Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152.—

The conscience, in mal. part. (v. conscientia, II. B. 2. b.):

cum conscius ipse animus se remordet,

Lucr. 4, 1135:

quos conscius animus exagitabat,

Sall. C. 14, 3:

suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent,

Cic. Sex. Rosc. 67.—

In Plaut. very freq., and once also in Cic., meton. for judicium, sententia, opinion, judgment; mostly meo quidem animo or meo animo, according to my mind, in my opinion, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 17:

e meo quidem animo aliquanto facias rectius, si, etc.,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 3:

meo quidem animo, hic tibi hodie evenit bonus,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 69; so id. Aul. 3, 5, 4; id. Curc. 4, 2, 28; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10; id. Ep. 1, 2, 8; id. Poen. 1, 2, 23; id. Rud. 4, 4, 94; Cic. Sest. 22:

edepol lenones meo animo novisti,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 19:

nisi, ut meus est animus, fieri non posse arbitror,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 5 (cf.:

EX MEI ANIMI SENTENTIA,

Inscr. Orell. 3665:

ex animi tui sententia,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108).—

The imagination, the fancy (for which Cic. often uses cogitatio, as Ac. 2, 15, 48):

cerno animo sepultam patriam, miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

fingere animo jubebat aliquem etc.,

id. Sen. 12, 41: Fingite animis;

litterae enim sunt cogitationes nostrae, et quae volunt, sic intuentur, ut ea cernimus, quae videmus,

id. Mil. 29, 79:

Nihil animo videre poterant,

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38.—

The power of feeling, the sensibility, the heart, the feelings, affections, inclinations, disposition, passions (either honorable or base; syn.: sensus, adfectus, pectus, cor), ho thumos.

a.. In gen., heart, soul, spirit, feeling, inclination, affection, passion: Medea, animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22 (cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 36:

animo hercle homo suo est miser): tu si animum vicisti potius quam animus te, est quod gaudeas, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27 -29:

harum scelera et lacrumae confictae dolis Redducunt animum aegrotum ad misericordiam,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 27:

Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt),

Verg. A. 2, 73:

Hoc fletu concussi animi,

id. ib. 9, 498;

4, 310: animum offendere,

Cic. Lig. 4; id. Deiot. 33; so Vulg. Gen. 26, 35.—Mens and animus are often conjoined and contrasted, mind and heart (cf. the Homeric kata phrena kai kata thumon, in mind and heart): mentem atque animum delectat suum, entertains his mind and delights his heart, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10:

Satin tu sanus mentis aut animi tui?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 53:

mala mens, malus animus,

bad mind, bad heart, Ter. And. 1, 1, 137:

animum et mentem meam ipsa cogitatione hominum excellentium conformabam,

Cic. Arch. 6, 14:

Nec vero corpori soli subveniendum est, sed menti atque animo multo magis,

id. Sen. 11, 36:

ut omnium mentes animosque perturbaret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 1, 21:

Istuc mens animusque fert,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 8:

Stare Socrates dicitur tamquam quodam recessu mentis atque animi facto a corpore,

Gell. 2, 1; 15, 2, 7.—

And very rarely with this order inverted: Jam vero animum ipsum mentemque hominis, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147:

mente animoque nobiscum agunt,

Tac. G. 29:

quem nobis animum, quas mentes imprecentur,

id. H. 1, 84;

and sometimes pleon. without such distinction: in primis regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam,

a quiet mind and kindly heart, Verg. A. 1, 304; so,

pravitas animi atque ingenii,

Vell. 2, 112, 7 (for mens et animus, etc., in the sense of thought, used as a pleonasm, v. supra, II. A. 1.):

Verum animus ubi semel se cupiditate devinxit mala, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34:

animus perturbatus et incitatus nec cohibere se potest, nec quo loco vult insistere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

animum comprimit,

id. ib. 2, 22, 53:

animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

id. ib. 4, 37, 81; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1:

sed quid ego hic animo lamentor,

Enn. Ann. 6, 40:

tremere animo,

Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4:

ingentes animo concipit iras,

Ov. M. 1, 166:

exsultare animo,

id. ib. 6, 514.—So often ex animo, from the heart, from the bottom of one's heart, deeply, truly, sincerely:

Paulum interesse censes ex animo omnia facias an de industria?

from your heart or with some design, Ter. And. 4, 4, 55; id. Ad. 1, 1, 47:

nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 6: verbum [p. 124] ex animo dicere, id. Eun. 1, 2, 95:

sive ex animo id fit sive simulate,

Cic. N. D. 2, 67, 168:

majore studio magisve ex animo petere non possum,

id. Fam. 11, 22:

ex animo vereque diligi,

id. ib. 9, 6, 2:

ex animo dolere,

Hor. A. P. 432:

quae (gentes) dederunt terram meam sibi cum gaudio et toto corde et ex animo,

Vulg. Ezech. 36, 5; ib. Eph. 6, 6; ib. 1 Pet. 5, 3.—And with gen.

With verbs:

Quid illam miseram animi excrucias?

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 76; 4, 6, 65:

Antipho me excruciat animi,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

discrucior animi,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 1:

in spe pendebit animi,

id. Heaut. 4, 4, 5: juvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, thumôi phileousa te kêdomenê te (Hom. Il. 1, 196), Verg. A. 10, 686.—

With adjj.:

aeger animi,

Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; 6, 10; Curt. 4, 3, 11; Tac. H. 3, 58:

infelix animi,

Verg. A. 4, 529:

felix animi,

Juv. 14, 159:

victus animi,

Verg. G. 4, 491:

ferox animi,

Tac. A. 1, 32:

promptus animi,

id. H. 2, 23:

praestans animi,

Verg. A. 12, 19:

ingens animi,

Tac. A. 1, 69 (for this gen. v. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Key, § 935; Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. v. 105; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. p. 443).—

Meton., disposition, character (so, often ingenium): nimis paene animo es Molli, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 49:

animo audaci proripit sese,

Pac. Trag. Rel. p. 109 Rib.:

petulans protervo, iracundo animo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 1; id. Truc. 4, 3, 1:

ubi te vidi animo esse omisso (omisso = neglegenti, Don.),

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9; Cic. Fam. 2. 17 fin.:

promptus animus vester,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2: animis estis simplicibus et mansuetis nimium creditis unicuique, Auct. ad Her. 4, 37:

eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

Sall. C. 14, 5:

Hecabe, Non oblita animorum, annorum oblita suorum,

Ov. M. 13, 550:

Nihil est tam angusti animi tamque parvi, quam amare divitias,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

sordidus atque animi parvi,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 10; Vell. 2, 25, 3:

Drusus animi fluxioris erat,

Suet. Tib. 52.—

In particular, some one specific emotion, inclination, or passion (honorable or base; in this signif., in the poets and prose writers, very freq. in the plur.). —

Courage, spirit:

ibi nostris animus additus est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 94; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31; id. And. 2, 1, 33:

deficiens animo maesto cum corde jacebat,

Lucr. 6, 1232:

virtute atque animo resistere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

fac animo magno fortique sis,

id. ib. 6, 14 fin.:

Cassio animus accessit, et Parthis timor injectus est,

id. Att. 5, 20, 3:

nostris animus augetur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 70:

mihi in dies magis animus accenditur,

Sall. C. 20, 6; Cic. Att. 5, 18; Liv. 8, 19; 44, 29:

Nunc demum redit animus,

Tac. Agr. 3:

bellica Pallas adest, Datque animos,

Ov. M. 5, 47:

pares annis animisque,

id. ib. 7, 558:

cecidere illis animique manusque,

id. ib. 7, 347 (cf.:

tela viris animusque cadunt,

id. F. 3, 225) et saep.—Hence, bono animo esse or uti, to be of good courage, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5: Am. Bono animo es. So. Scin quam bono animo sim? Plaut. Am. 22, 39:

In re mala animo si bono utare, adjuvat,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 9:

bono animo fac sis,

Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 1:

quin tu animo bono es,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

quare bono animo es,

Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 26; ib. Act. 18, 25;

so also, satis animi,

sufficient courage, Ov. M. 3, 559.—Also for hope:

magnus mihi animus est, hodiernum diem initium libertatis fore,

Tac. Agr, 30.— Trop., of the violent, stormy motion of the winds of AEolus:

Aeolus mollitque animos et temperat iras,

Verg. A. 1, 57.—Of a top:

dant animos plagae,

give it new force, quicker motion, Verg. A. 7, 383.—

Of spirit in discourse: in Asinio Pollione et consilii et animi satis,

Quint. 10, 1, 113. —

Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: quae civitas est in Asia, quae unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus capere possit? can bear the arrogance and pride, etc., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66:

jam insolentiam noratis hominis: noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios,

id. Clu. 39, 109; so id. Caecin. 11 al.; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 3 (cf.:

quia paululum vobis accessit pecuniae, Sublati animi sunt,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56).—

Violent passion, vehemence, wrath:

animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, etc.,

Cic. Marcell. 3:

animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

qui dominatur animo suo,

Vulg. Prov. 16, 32.—So often in plur.; cf hoi thumoi: ego meos animos violentos meamque iram ex pectore jam promam, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 43:

vince animos iramque tuam,

Ov. H. 3, 85; id. M. 8, 583; Prop. 1, 5, 12:

Parce tuis animis, vita, nocere tibi,

id. 2, 5, 18:

Sic longius aevum Destruit ingentes animos,

Luc. 8, 28:

coeunt sine more, sine arte, Tantum animis iraque,

Stat. Th. 11, 525 al. —

Moderation, patience, calmness, contentedness, in the phrase aequus animus, an even mind:

si est animus aequos tibi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 10; id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145; and often in the abl., aequo animo, with even mind, patiently, etc.:

aequo animo ferre,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 23; Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Sen. 23, 84; Nep. Dion. 6, 4; Liv. 5, 39:

aequo animo esse,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7; ib. Judith, 7, 23: Aequo animo est? of merry heart (Gr. euthumei), ib. Jac. 5, 13:

animis aequis remittere,

Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

aequiore animo successorem opperiri,

Suet. Tib. 25:

haud aequioribus animis audire,

Liv. 23, 22: sapientissimus quisque aequissimo animo moritur; stultissimus iniquissimo. Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109; Sall. C. 3, 2; Suet. Aug. 56:

iniquo animo,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 150 Rib.; Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Quint. 11, 1, 66.—

Agreeable feeling, pleasure, delight:

cubat amans animo obsequens,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 134:

indulgent animis, et nulla quid utile cura est,

Ov. M. 7, 566; so, esp. freq.: animi causa (in Plaut. once animi gratia), for the sake of amusement, diversion (cf.:

haec (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causa,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12):

Post animi causa mihi navem faciam,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 27; so id. Trin. 2, 2, 53; id. Ep. 1, 1, 43:

liberare fidicinam animi gratia,

id. ib. 2, 2, 90:

qui illud animi causa fecerit, hunc praedae causa quid facturum putabis?

Cic. Phil. 7, 6:

habet animi causa rus amoenum et suburbanum,

id. Rosc. Am. 46 Matth.; cf. id. ib. § 134, and Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 56; Cic. Fam. 7, 2:

Romanos in illis munitionibus animine causa cotidie exerceri putatis?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Plin. praef. 17 Sill.—

Disposition toward any one:

hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1 fin.:

meus animus erit in te semper, quem tu esse vis,

id. ib. 5, 18 fin.:

qui, quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant,

id. ib. 3, 6; so id. ib. 4, 15;

5, 2: In quo in primis quo quisque animo, studio, benevolentia fecerit, ponderandum est,

id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

quod (Allobroges) nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,

to be well disposed, Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin. —In the pregn. signif. of kind, friendly feeling, affection, kindness, liberality:

animum fidemque praetorianorum erga se expertus est,

Suet. Oth. 8:

Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est,

Verg. A. 12, 23.—Hence, meton., of a person who is loved, my heart, my soul:

salve, anime mi,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 3:

da, meus ocellus, mea rosa, mi anime, da, mea voluptas,

id. As. 3, 3, 74; so id. ib. 5, 2, 90; id. Curc. 1, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 48; id. Most. 1, 4, 23; id. Men. 1, 3, 1; id. Mil. 4, 8, 20; id. Rud. 4, 8, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 15 et saep. —

The power of willing, the will, inclination, desire, purpose, design, intention (syn.: voluntas, arbitrium, mens, consilium, propositum), hê boulêsis:

qui rem publicam animo certo adjuverit,

Att. Trag Rel. p. 182 Rib.:

pro inperio tuo meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 23:

Ex animique voluntate id procedere primum,

goes forth at first from the inclination of the soul, Lucr. 2, 270; so,

pro animi mei voluntate,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 8 (v. Manut. ad h.l.):

teneo, quid animi vostri super hac re siet,

Plaut. Am. prol. 58; 1, 1, 187:

Nam si semel tuom animum ille intellexerit, Prius proditurum te etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 69:

Prius quam tuom ut sese habeat animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

id. And. 2, 3, 4:

Sin aliter animus voster est, ego etc.,

id. Ad. 3, 4, 46:

Quid mi istaec narras? an quia non audisti, de hac re animus meus ut sit?

id. Hec. 5, 2, 19:

qui ab auro gazaque regia manus, oculos, animum cohibere possit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 66:

istum exheredare in animo habebat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: nobis crat in animo Ciceronem ad Caesarem mittere, we had it in mind to send, etc., id. Fam. 14, 11; Serv. ad Cic. ib. 4, 12:

hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

insurrexerunt uno animo in Paulum,

with one mind, Vulg. Act. 18, 12; 19, 29: persequi Jugurtham animus ardebat, Sall. J. 39, 5 Gerlach (others, animo, as Dietsch); so id. de Rep. Ord. 1, 8: in nova fert an mus mutatas dicere formas, my mind inclines to tell of, etc., Ov. M. 1, 1.—Hence, est animus alicui, with inf., to have a mind for something, to aim at, etc.:

omnibus unum Opprimere est animus,

Ov. M. 5, 150:

Sacra Jovi Stygio perficere est animus,

Verg. A. 4, 639:

Fuerat animus conjuratis corpus occisi in Tiberim trahere,

Suet. Caes. 82 fin.; id. Oth. 6; cf. id. Calig. 56.—So, aliquid alicui in animo est, with inf., Tac. G. 3.—So, inducere in animum or animum, to resolve upon doing something; v. induco.—

Trop., of the principle of life and activity in irrational objects, as in Engl. the word mind is used.

Of brutes:

in bestiis, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes,

whose minds, Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80:

Sunt bestiae, in quibus etiam animorum aliqua ex parte motus quosdam videmus,

id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:

ut non inscite illud dictum videatur in sue, animum illi pecudi datum pro sale, ne putisceret,

id. ib. 5, 13, 38, ubi v. Madv.:

(apes Ingentes animos angusto in pectore versant,

Verg. G. 4, 83:

Illiusque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, Sumite serpentis,

Ov. M. 3, 544:

cum pecudes pro regionis caelique statu et habitum corporis et ingenium animi et pili colorem gerant,

Col. 6, 1, 1:

Umbria (boves progenerat) vastos nec minus probabiles animis quam corporibus,

id. 6, 1, 2 si equum ipsum nudum et solum corpus ejus et animum contemplamur, App. de Deo Socr. 23 (so sometimes mens:

iniquae mentis asellus,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 20).—

Of plants:

haec quoque Exuerint silvestrem animum, i. e. naturam, ingenium,

their wild nature, Verg. G. 2, 51.—

Transf. Of God or the gods, as we say, the Divine Mind, the Mind of God:

certe et deum ipsum et divinum animum corpore liberatum cogitatione complecti possumus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51 (so mens, of God, id. ib. 1, 22, 66; id. Ac. 2, 41, 126):

Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?

Verg. A. 1, 11.

arma, ōrum, n. ( gen. plur. armūm, Pac. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155; Att. ap. Non. p. 495, 23, considered by Cic. in the connection armūm judicium as less correct than armorum) [cf. ARÔ, arariskô = to fit; arthron = joint; harmos = armus = joint, shoulder; artaô = artio, arto = to fit, to fit in closely; artios = fit, exact; artus = close, narrow; ars (artis) = the craft of fitting things; artifex, artificium; Goth. arms = O. H. Germ. aram = Engl. arm; Sanscr. ar = to hit upon, attain; aram = fit, fast; īrmas = arm. Curt.].

Lit.

1.. What is fitted to the body for its protection, defensive armor, as the shield, coat of mail, helmet, etc.:

tot milia armorum, detracta corporibus hostium,

Liv. 45, 39:

induere arma,

id. 30, 31:

arma his imperata, galea, clipeum, ocreae, lorica, omnia ex aere,

id. 1, 43:

pictis et auro caelatis refulgens armis,

id. 7, 10. —

Specifically, a shield:

at Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant,

on a shield, Verg. A. 10, 841:

caelestia arma, quae ancilia appellantur,

Liv. 1, 20 (v. ancile); id. 8, 30; 1, 37; cf. Verg. A. 1, 119 Heyne; Tac. G. 11 Rup.; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 43:

Aeneas se collegit in arma,

gathered himself under his shield, Verg. A. 12, 491.—Hence, in a more extended sense,

Implements of war, arms, both of defence and offence (but of the latter only those which are used in close contest, such as the sword, axe, club; in distinction from tela, which are used in contest at a distance; hence, arma and tela are often contrasted; v. the foll., and cf. Bremi and Dähne ad Nep. Dat. 11, 3): arma rigent, horrescunt tela, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4; id. ap. Non. p. 469, 26:

arma alia ad tegendum, alia ad nocendum,

Cic. Caec. 21:

armis condicione positis aut defetigatione abjectis aut victoriā detractis,

id. Fam. 6, 2:

illum dicis cum armis aureis, Quoius etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 16:

ibi Simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60:

arma antiqua manus, ungues dentesque fuerunt Et lapides, et item, silvarum fragmina, ramei,

Lucr. 5, 1283; so,

Mutum et turpe pecus (i. e. primeval man), glandem et cubilia propter Unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro Pugnabant armis, quae post fabricaverat usus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 100 sqq.:

capere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Phil. 4, 3, 7; id. Rab. Perd. 6 and 7:

sumere,

id. Planc. 36, 88 Wund.; id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; Vulg. Gen. 27, 3; ib. 3 Reg. 22, 30:

accipere, ib. Judith, 14, 2: adprehendere,

ib. Psa. 34, 2:

resumere,

Suet. Calig. 48:

aptare,

Liv. 5, 49:

induere,

id. 30, 31; Ov. M. 14, 798; id. F. 1, 521; Verg. A. 11, 83; Luc. 1, 126:

accingi armis,

Verg. A. 6, 184, and Vulg. Jud. 18, 11:

armis instructus,

ib. Deut. 1, 41; ib. 1 Par. 12, 13:

concitare ad arma,

Caes. B. G. 7, 42:

descendere ad arma,

id. ib. 7, 33:

vocare ad arma,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

vocare in arma,

Verg. A. 9, 22:

ferre contra aliquem,

Vell. 2, 56:

decernere armis,

Cic. Att. 7, 3:

armis cum hoste certare,

id. Off. 3, 22, 87; so,

saevis armis,

Verg. A. 12, 890:

dimicare armis cum aliquo,

Nep. Milt. 1, 2:

esse in armis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Suet. Caes. 69:

ponere, abicere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 2:

relinquere,

Liv. 2, 10:

tradere,

Nep. Ham. 1, 5; Suet. Vit. 10:

amittere,

Verg. A. 1, 474:

proicere,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 5, 43;

7, 44: deripere militibus,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 19:

dirimere,

Luc. 1, 104 et saep.—Hence, arma virosque, per arma, per viros, etc., Liv. 8, 25; 8, 30 al.; v. Burm. ad Verg. A. 1, 1, and cf. Liv. 9, 24:

tela et arma: armorum atque telorum portationes,

Sall. C. 42, 2; Liv. 1, 25; Col. 12, 3; Tac. G. 29 and 33:

armis et castris, prov. (like remis velisque, viris equisque),

with vigor, with might and main, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84.—

Trop., means of protection, defence, weapons:

tenere semper arma (sc. eloquentiae), quibus vel tectus ipse esse possis, vel, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

prudentiae,

id. ib. 1, 38, 172:

senectutis,

id. Lael. 4. 9:

tectus Vulcaniis armis, id est fortitudine,

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 33:

eloquentiae,

Quint. 5, 12, 21:

facundiae,

id. 2, 16, 10:

justitiae,

Vulg. Rom. 6, 13; ib. 2 Cor. 6, 7:

arma lucis,

ib. Rom. 13, 12:

horriferum contra Borean ovis arma ministret, i. e. lanas,

Ov. M. 15, 471:

haec mihi Stertinius arma (i. e. praecepta) dedit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 297; cf. id. Ep. 1, 16, 67:

arma militiae nostrae non carnalia sunt,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 10, 4.

War (once in opp. to pax, v. infra):

silent leges inter arma,

Cic. Mil. 4, 10; id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

arma civilia,

civil war, id. Fam. 2, 16, and Tac. A. 1, 9:

civilia arma,

id. Agr. 16; id. G. 37 (otherwise, bella civilia, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 86, and Tac. Agr. 13):

ab externis armis otium erat,

Liv. 3, 14; 9, 1; 3, 69 Drak.; 9, 32; 42, 2; Tac. H. 2, 1 al.:

a Rubro Mari arma conatus sit inferre Italiae,

Nep. Hann. 2, 1 (for which more freq. bellum inferre alicui, v. infero):

ad horrida promptior arma,

Ov. M. 1, 126:

qui fera nuntiet arma,

id. ib. 5, 4;

14, 479: compositis venerantur armis,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 52. So the beginning of the Æneid: Arma virumque cano; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 7:

melius visum Gallos novam gentem pace potius cognosci quam armis,

Liv. 5, 35 fin.; cf.:

cedant arma togae,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76.—Also for battle, contest:

in arma feror,

Verg. A. 2, 337; so id. ib. 2, 655.—

(Abstr. for concr.) The warriors themselves, soldiers, troops:

nulla usquam apparuerunt arma,

Liv. 41, 12:

nostro supplicio liberemus Romana arma, i. e. Romanum exercitum,

id. 9, 9; 21, 26:

Hispanias armis non ita redundare,

Tac. H. 2, 32:

expertem frustra belli et neutra arma secutum,

neither party, Ov. M. 5, 91: auxiliaria arma, auxiliaries, auxiliary troops = auxiliares (v. auxiliaris, I.), id. ib. 6, 424; cf. id. ib. 14, 528.—

Transf., poet. (like hoplon and entea in Gr.), implements, instruments, tools, utensils, in gen. Of implements for grinding and baking:

Cerealia arma,

the arms of Ceres, Verg. A. 1, 177 (cf. Hom. Od. 7, 232: entea daitos). —Of implements of agriculture, Ov. M. 11, 35:

dicendum est, quae sint duris agrestibus arma, Quīs sine nec potuere seri nec surgere messes,

Verg. G. 1, 160.—Of the equipments, tackle of a ship ( mast, sails, rudder, etc.):

colligere arma jubet validisque incumbere remis,

Verg. A. 5, 15; 6, 353.—Hence used by Ovid for wings:

haec umeris arma parata suis, A. A. 2, 50 (cf. in the foll. verse: his patria est adeunda carinis).—And so of other instruments,

Mart. 14, 36.

ars, artis, f. [v. arma], skill in joining something, combining, working it, etc., with the advancement of Roman culture, carried entirely beyond the sphere of the common pursuits of life, into that of artistic and scientific action, just as, on the other hand, in mental cultivation, skill is applied to morals, designating character, manner of thinking, so far as it is made known by external actions (syn.: doctrina, sollertia, calliditas, prudentia, virtus, industria, ratio, via, dolus).

Skill in producing any material form, handicraft, trade, occupation, employment (technê).

Lit.:

Zeno censet artis proprium esse creare et gignere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 57:

quarum (artium) omne opus est in faciendo atque agendo,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 22; id. Off. 2, 3, 12 sq.—

Transf.

With the idea extended, any physical or mental activity, so far as it is practically exhibited; a profession, art ( music, poetry, medicine, etc.); acc. to Roman notions, the arts were either liberales or ingenuae artes, arts of freemen, the liberal arts; or artes illiberales or sordidae, the arts, employments, of slaves or the lower classes.

In gen.:

Eleus Hippias gloriatus est nihil esse ullā in arte rerum omnium, quod ipse nesciret: nec solum has artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometriam, musicam, litterarum cognitionem et poëtarum, atque illa, quae de naturis rerum, quae de hominum moribus, quae de rebus publicis dicerentur, sed anulum, quem haberet, pallium, quo amictus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se suā manu confecisse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

Jam de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, haec fere accepimus. Primum improbantur ii quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt, ut portitorum, ut feneratorum. Illiberales autem et sordidi quaestus mercenariorum omniumque, quorum operae, non artes emuntur: est enim in illis ipsa merces auctoramentum servitutis... Opificesque omnes in sordidā arte versantur... Quibus autem artibus aut prudentia major inest aut non mediocris utilitas quaeritur, ut medicina, ut architectura, ut doctrina rerum honestarum, hae sunt iis, quorum ordini conveniunt, honestae,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150 sq.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 3:

artes elegantes,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

laudatae,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 9:

bonae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 32:

optimae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 111:

magnae,

id. Or. 1, 4:

maximae,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

gravissimae,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112:

leviores artes,

id. Brut. 1, 3:

mediocres,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

omnis artifex omnis artis,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 22:

artifices omnium artium,

ib. 1 Par. 22, 15.—

Esp., of a single art, and,

With an adj. designating it:

ars gymnastica,

gymnastics, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 73:

ars duellica,

the art of war, id. Ep. 3, 4, 14:

ars imperatoria,

generalship, Quint. 2, 17, 34:

(artes) militares et imperatoriae,

Liv. 25, 9, 12:

artes civiles,

politics, Tac. Agr. 29:

artes urbanae,

i. e. jurisprudence and eloquence, Liv. 9, 42:

ars grammatica,

grammar, Plin. 7, 39, 40, § 128:

rhetorica,

Quint. 2, 17, 4:

musica,

poetry, Ter. Hec. prol. 23:

musica,

music, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 93:

medicae artes,

the healing art, medicine, Ov. H. 5, 145; so,

ars Apollinea,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 10:

magica,

Verg. A. 4, 493, and Vulg. Sap. 17, 7; so,

maleficis artibus inserviebat,

he used witchcraft, ib. 2 Par. 33, 6 al.—

With a gen. designating it:

ars disserendi,

dialectics, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

ars dicendi,

the art of speaking, id. ib. 1, 23, 107, and Quint. 2, 17, 17; so,

ars eloquentiae,

id. 2, 11, 4:

ars medendi,

Ov. A. A. 2, 735:

ars medentium,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 158:

medicorum ars,

Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 12:

pigmentariorum ars,

the art of unguents, ib. 2 Par. 16, 4:

ars armorum,

the art of war, Quint. 2, 17, 33:

ars pugnae,

Vulg. Judith, 5, 27; so in plur.:

belli artes,

Liv. 25, 40, 5:

ars gubernandi,

navigation, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24; Quint. 2, 17, 33; so,

ars gubernatoris,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 42.—Sometimes the kind of art may be distinguished by the connection, so that ars is used absol. of a particular art:

instruere Atriden num potes arte meā? i. e. arte sagittandi,

Ov. H. 16, 364:

tunc ego sim Inachio notior arte Lino, i. e. arte canendi,

Prop. 3, 4, 8:

fert ingens a puppe Notus: nunc arte (sc. navigandi) relictā Ingemit,

Stat. Th. 3, 29; so Luc. 7, 126; Sil. 4, 715:

imus ad insignes Urbis ab arte (sc. rhetoricā) viros,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 16:

ejusdem erat artis, i. e. artis scaenofactoriae,

Vulg. Act. 18, 3.—

Science, knowledge:

quis ignorat, ii, qui mathematici vocantur, quantā in obscuritate rerum et quam reconditā in arte et multiplici subtilique versentur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 10:

nam si ars ita definitur, ex rebus penitus perspectis planeque cognitis atque ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctis, scientiāque comprehensis, non mihi videtur ars oratoris esse ulla,

id. ib. 1, 23, 108: nihil est quod ad artem redigi possit, nisi ille prius, qui illa tenet. quorum artem instituere vult, habeat illam scientiam (sc. dialecticam), ut ex iis rebus, quarum ars nondum sit, artem efficere possit, id. ib. 1, 41, 186:

ars juris civilis,

id. ib. 1, 42, 190:

(Antiochus) negabat ullam esse artem, quae ipsa a se proficisceretur. Etenim semper illud extra est, quod arte comprehenditur... Est enim perspicuum nullam artem ipsam in se versari, sed esse aliud artem ipsam, aliud, quod propositum sit arti,

id. Fin. 5, 6, 16; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9; id. Cael. 30, 72; id. Or. 1, 4:

vir bonus optimisque artibus eruditus,

Nep. Att. 12, 4: ingenium docile, come, ap-tum ad artes optimas, id. Dion, 1, 2 al.—

The theory of any art or science: ars est praeceptio, quae dat certam viam rationemque faciendi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 1, 1;

Asper, p. 1725 P.: non omnia, quaecumque loquimur, mihi videntur ad artem et ad praecepta esse revocanda,

not every thing is to be traced back to theory and rules, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44: res mihi videtur esse facultate ( in practice) praeclara, arte ( in theory) mediocris;

ars enim earum rerum est, quae sciuntur: oratoris autem omnis actio opinionibus, non scientiā continetur,

id. ib. 2, 7, 30; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22.—In later Lat. ars is used,

Absol. for grammatical analysis, grammar:

curru non, ut quidam putant, pro currui posuit, nec est apocope: sed ratio artis antiquae, etc.,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 156; 1, 95: et hoc est artis, ut (vulgus) masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, etc., id. ad eund. ib. 1, 149: secundum artem dicamus honor, arbor, lepor: plerumque poëtae r in s mutant, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 153 al.—Hence also,

As a title of books in which such theories are discussed, for rhetorical and, at a later period, for grammatical treatises.

Rhetorical:

quam multa non solum praecepta in artibus, sed etiam exempla in orationibus bene dicendi reliquerunt!

Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ipsae rhetorum artes, quae sunt totae forenses atque populares,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4: neque eo dico, quod ejus (Hermagorae) ars mihi mendosissime scripta videatur; nam satis in eā videtur ex antiquis artibus ( from the ancient works on rhetoric) ingeniose et diligenter electas res collocāsse, id. Inv. 1, 6 fin.:

illi verbis et artibus aluerunt naturae principia, hi autem institutis et legibus,

id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

artem scindens Theodori,

Juv. 7, 177.—

Grammar:

in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genitivo plurali jungi,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 96: ut in artibus lectum est, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 535.—So Ars, as the title of the later Lat. grammars: Donati Ars Grammatica, Cledonii Ars, Marii Victorini Ars, etc.; v. the grammarians in Gothofred., Putsch., Lindem., Keil.—

The knowledge, art, skill, workmanship, employed in effecting or working upon an object (Fr. adresse):

majore quādam opus est vel arte vel diligentiā,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14 fin.:

et tripodas septem pondere et arte pares,

Ov. H. 3, 32: qui canit arte, canat;

qui bibit arte, bibat,

id. A. A. 2, 506:

arte laboratae vestes,

Verg. A. 1, 639:

plausus tunc arte carebat,

was void of art, was natural, unaffected, Ov. A. A. 1, 113.—

(Concr.) The object artistically formed, a work of art:

clipeum efferri jussit Didymaonis artis,

Verg. A. 5, 359:

divite me scilicet artium, Quas aut Parrhasius protulit aut Scopas,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 5; id. Ep. 1, 6, 17.—

Artes (personified), the Muses:

artium chorus,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 19.—

Transf. from mind to morals, the moral character of a man, so far as it is made known by actions, conduct, manner of acting, habit, practice, whether good or bad:

si in te aegrotant artes antiquae tuae,

your former manner of life, conduct, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 35; cf. Hor. C. 4, 15, 12; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6 Lind.:

nempe tuā arte viginti minae Pro psaltriā periere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 24:

quid est, Quod tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius?

my assiduity, id. And. 1, 1, 4:

Hac arte (i. e. constantiā, perseverantiā) Pollux et vagus Hercules Enisus arces attigit igneas,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 9:

multae sunt artes (i. e. virtutes) eximiae, hujus administrae comitesque virtutis (sc. imperatoris),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13; id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; id. Verr. 2, 4, 37 Zumpt:

nam imperium facile his artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est,

Sall. C. 2, 4 Kritz; so id. ib. 5, 7:

cultusque artesque virorum,

Ov. M. 7, 58:

mores quoque confer et artes,

id. R. Am. 713: praeclari facinoris aut artis [p. 167] bonae famam quaerere, Sall. C. 2, 9; so id. ib. 10, 4:

animus insolens malarum artium,

id. ib. 3, 4; so Tac. A. 14, 57.—Hence also, absol. in mal. part. as in Gr. technê for cunning, artifice, fraud, stratagem:

haec arte tractabat virum,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 125 (cf. Ov. H. 17, 142):

capti eādem arte sunt, quā ceperant Fabios,

Liv. 2, 51; 3, 35:

at Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat Consilia,

Verg. A. 1, 657; so id. ib. 7, 477:

ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasgā,

id. ib. 2, 152:

talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis Credita res, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 195:

fraudes innectere ponto Antiquā parat arte,

Luc. 4, 449:

tantum illi vel ingenii vel artis vel fortunae superfuit,

Suet. Tit. 1:

fugam arte simulantes,

Vulg. Jud. 20, 32: regem summis artibus pellexit, pasêi mêchanêi, Suet. Vit. 2.

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).

In joining single words, which is its most common use.

In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)

The form atque.

Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):

sociorum atque amicorum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):

deposci atque expeti,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):

excitare atque inflammare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):

honestissimus atque ornatissimus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):

Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—

Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

Gallorum atque Belgarum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,

Cassius atque Brutus,

Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):

in portubus atque custodiis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):

superatam esse atque depressam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):

vitiis atque flagitiis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):

dignitate atque gloria,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:

virtute atque gloria,

Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):

labore atque justitia,

Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):

hilari atque laeto,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):

multae atque magnae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):

adventu atque nomine,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):

magna atque praeclara,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):

se conlegit atque recreavit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):

provinciarum atque sociorum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):

parietum atque tectorum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):

gravis atque vehemens,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—

The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):

sentientes ac bene meritos,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:

feri ac barbari,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):

liberis ac conjugibus,

Liv. 21, 30:

Romae ac circa urbem,

id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):

periculum ac discrimen,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:

usus ac disciplina,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):

opima est ac fertilis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:

potentissimos ac firmissimos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;

2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,

Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):

nobilitatis ac juventutis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):

terrore ac metu,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):

insedit ac nimis inveteravit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

gentes ac nationes,

id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):

celeberrimum ac plenissimum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):

firmamenti ac roboris,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):

vectigalibus ac sociis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):

tantis rebus ac tanto bello,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):

armatos ac victores,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

inconsulte ac veluti etc.,

Sall. C. 42, 2:

opera ac vineae,

Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:

Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,

Tac. Agr. 35:

in se simul atque in Herculem,

id. G. 34:

suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,

id. ib. 30; so,

sociis pariter atque hostibus,

id. H. 4, 73:

innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,

id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:

verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,

Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

omnia honesta atque inhonesta,

Sall. C. 30, 4:

nobiles atque ignobiles,

id. ib. 20, 7:

caloris ac frigoris patientia par,

Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:

vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—

Esp.

In a hendiadys:

utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,

with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:

de conplexu ejus ac sinu,

of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,

Sall. C. 3 fin.:

clamore atque adsensu,

shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—

In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).

Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:

Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,

and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:

rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,

and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:

magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,

and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:

hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,

and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:

fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,

and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:

intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,

id. C. 52, 35.—

With adeo, and that too, and even:

intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:

qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,

id. ib. 2, 12, 27:

insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,

id. Planc. 19 fin.:

non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,

Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:

atque adeo autem quor etc.,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—

With etiam:

id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,

and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:

ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,

Liv. 3, 46.—

With the dem. pron. hic, is:

negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,

and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:

maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,

id. ib. 2, 2:

duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,

id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:

flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,

id. B. G. 5, 18:

ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:

dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,

Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—

In comparisons.

Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:

si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:

Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:

pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:

neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,

Nep. Dat. 3, 5:

magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,

id. Hann. 5, 3:

pariter patribus ac plebi carus,

Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:

cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,

Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:

et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,

id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:

similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,

Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:

contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,

Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:

faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,

Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—

Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:

illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,

other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:

aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.

also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,

Cic. Att. 2, 3:

simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,

id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—

Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;

once, however, non aliter, ac si,

Cic. Att. 13, 51;

v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:

nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,

id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:

quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:

et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,

id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:

si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:

Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:

tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,

id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:

quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,

id. Mur. 4 fin.:

haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,

Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —

More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;

in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:

haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,

Cic. Cat. 4, 2:

pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,

id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:

non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:

num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?

id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—

Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):

nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:

quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:

quae suco caret atque putris pumex,

Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—

Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:

amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:

Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,

Cat. 61, 172:

haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

Verg. A. 3, 561:

Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:

nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,

id. ib. 2, 7, 96:

Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,

id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —

In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:

principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,

as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:

judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,

Dig. 21, 1, 25:

quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,

ib. 16, 1, 24.—

To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.

Absol.:

Decipiam ac non veniam,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:

si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:

perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:

quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 33:

si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,

id. Att. 1, 16:

si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,

id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:

velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,

Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:

si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,

Tac. Or. 1.—

With potius:

Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):

quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?

id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:

concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —

In connecting clauses and beginning periods.

In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:

atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:

multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,

Tac. A. 1, 47:

Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,

Tac. Or. 14:

ac similiter in translatione, etc.,

Quint. 3, 6, 77.—

In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.

Absol.:

maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,

and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —

Often with etiam:

Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,

Cic. Or. 40, 139:

Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—

Sometimes with quoque:

Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—

And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—

In narration:

aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,

Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:

completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,

Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —

In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):

Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:

ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;

12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;

and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,

Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:

Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:

Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,

id. Lael. 15, 54.—

In connecting two acts or events.

In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;

ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,

And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:

Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,

and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:

lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,

and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:

dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,

Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:

tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,

id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:

cape hoc argentum atque defer,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:

abi domum ac deos comprecare,

id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:

tace modo ac sequere hac,

id. ib. 2, 4, 16:

Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,

Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:

Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,

id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—

In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.

Absol.:

si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,

and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—

With ita or sic:

Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,

Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:

ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,

Quint. 12, 10, 67.—

Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):

non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,

Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—

(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:

Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:

hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;

ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:

Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,

And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—

In expressing a wish, atque utinam:

Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!

Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

Atque utinam pro decore etc.,

Liv. 21, 41, 13:

Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,

Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:

Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!

Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—

To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.

Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;

atque ipsis commentum placet,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):

ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,

id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:

ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,

and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:

observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,

Plin. Pan. 26.—

With tamen:

nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:

discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,

id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,

id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):

ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;

14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,

id. H. 5, 16.—

To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;

... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:

nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),

Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—

In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).

A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:

Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,

Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:

Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,

id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:

Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,

Cels. 8, 1:

Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:

Ac ne forte putes,

id. ib. 2, 1, 208:

Ac ne forte putes etc.,

Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—

A positive purpose:

Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,

id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:

Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,

id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—

a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:

atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—

In introducing parentheses:

vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,

Liv. 21, 38:

omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,

Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —

At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:

Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,

id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—

In particular connections and phrases.

Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:

unae atque alterae scalae,

Sall. J. 60, 7:

quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,

id. ib. 93, 2:

unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,

Tac. H. 5, 6:

dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,

Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:

alius atque alius,

Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:

aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,

Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—

Etiam atque etiam. again and again:

temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:

etiam atque etiam considera,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,

id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:

iterum atque iterum,

Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—

Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—

Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:

atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,

but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:

Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,

and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—

Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:

Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,

Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:

quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,

Quint. 10, 2, 2.—

With other conjunctions.

After et:

equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,

id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:

vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,

Tac. Agr. 32.:

denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,

Liv. 21, 6, 4:

ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,

id. 21, 41, 2:

et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,

id. 12, 10, 67. —

After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:

submoverique atque in castra redigi,

Liv. 26, 10:

terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,

id. 21, 52:

mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,

Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—

Before et:

caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,

Tac. Agr. 32.—

After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):

nec clavis nec canis atque calix,

Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:

mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,

Suet. Vesp. 12.—

Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:

atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,

Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:

omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,

id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:

Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,

Cat. 68, 152:

Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,

Verg. G. 4, 463:

Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,

id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:

Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,

Tib. 2, 5, 73:

complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,

Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:

In the second place:

Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,

Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:

Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,

id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):

Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—

In the third place:

quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

calcŭlus, i, m. dim. [2. calx; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 46].

In gen., a small stone, a pebble:

conjectis in os calculis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261:

Demosthenes calculos linguā volvens dicere domi solebat,

Quint. 11, 3, 54; Vitr. 7, 2:

argilla et dumosis calculus arvis,

gravel in the thorny fields, Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 180; Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 37; 28, 9, 33, § 124.—

Trop., of discourse:

qui tenui venulā per calculos fluunt,

Quint. 12, 10, 25.—

Esp.

A stone in the bladder or kidneys, the gravel, stone, Cels. 7, 26:

curare,

Plin. 20, 21, 86, § 234:

comminuere et eicere,

id. 20, 4, 13, § 23; cf.

eicere,

Suet. Aug. 80:

movere,

Plin. 20, 22, 91, § 248:

exturbare,

id. 20, 10, 42, § 109:

frangere,

id. 22, 21, 29, § 59:

rumpere,

id. 23, 8, 80, § 153. —

A draughtsman, a stone or counter used in playing draughts. called duodecim scripta, in which, as in chess, by driving a piece from one square to another, the person beaten could not finally move at all (ad incitas redactus est):

in lusu duodecim scriptorum cum prior calculum promovisset, etc.,

Quint. 11, 2, 38; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 207; 3, 357; id. Tr. 2, 478; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5; Mart. 14, 20; Isid. Orig. 18, 67:

calculorum ludus,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 165.—

Trop.: calculum reducere, to take back a move: tibi concedo, quod in XII. scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati paenitet, Cic. ap. Non. p. 170, 28 (Hortens. Fragm. 51 B. and K.): quā re nunc saltem ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abjecimus, i. e. those principles of action, id. Att. 8, 12, 5.—

A stone used in reckoning on the counting-board; hence meton., a reckoning, computing, calculating:

calculi et rationes,

Quint. 11, 3, 59; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 14;

12, 11, 18 Spald.: calculos subducere,

to compute, reckon, cast up, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60:

ponere,

Col. 3, 3, 7:

ponere cum aliquo,

Plin. Pan. 20, 5:

de posteris cogitanti in condicionibus deligendus ponendus est calculus,

id. ib. 1, 14, 9:

amicitiam ad calculos vocare,

to subject to an accurate reckoning, hold to a strict account, Cic. Lael. 16, 58:

si ad calculos eum respublica vocet,

settles accounts, reckons, Liv. 5, 4, 7:

revocare aliquid ad calculos,

Val. Max. 4, 7, 1:

ratio calculorum,

Col. 1, 3, 8.—

Trop.:

cum aliquā re parem calculum ponere,

i.e. to render equal for equal, Plin. Ep. 5, 2, 1:

quos ego movi calculos,

considerations which I have suggested, id. ib. 2, 19, 9.—

In the most ancient per., a stone used in voting; a vote, sentence, decision, suffrage; a white one for assent or acquittal, a black for denial or condemnation; cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 sq.; App. M. 10, p. 242.— Hence judicialis, Imp. Just. Cod. 3, 1, 12: deteriorem reportare, i. e. an adverse decision, Impp. Diocl. et Max. Cod. 7, 62, 10:

calculis omnibus,

by a unanimous vote, App. M. 7, p. 191, 21.— Trop.:

si modo tu fortasse errori nostro album calculum adjeceris,

i. e. approve, Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—

The Thracians were accustomed to preserve the recollection of fortunate occurrences by white stones, and of unfortunate by black, Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131.—Hence,

Trop.:

o diem laetum, notandumque mihi candidissimo calculo!

i. e. a most happy day! Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 3; cf. Mart. 12, 34, 9, § 53; Pers. 2, 1 sq.—

In late Lat., a small weight: calculus constat ex granis ciceris duobus, Auct. Ponder ap. Goes. Agr. p. 322 (in Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 8, called calcus).

candēla, ae, f. [candeo; Fr. chandelle, Engl. candle; hence], a light made of wax or tallow, a wax-light, tallow-candle, taper.

Lit., Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 727; Col. 2, 22, 3;

as a light of the poor, diff. from lucerna, used by the rich,

Mart. 14, 43.—

Hence, brevis,

Juv. 3, 287:

ancilla lucernae,

Mart. 14, 40;

of peeled rushes, used in funeral processions,

Plin. 16, 37, 70, § 178; Pers. 3, 103.—

Meton.

Fire:

candelam apponere valvis,

to set fire to the doors, Juv. 9, 98 (cf. id. 13, 146).—

A cord covered with wax (which preserved it from decay):

in alterā (arcā) duo fasces candelis involuti septenos habuere libros,

Liv. 40, 29, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. Hem. ap. Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 86;

used in cleansing and polishing,

Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 122; cf. Vitr. 7, 9, 3.

cerno, crēvi, crētum ( part. pass. cretus is apparently used only once:

cineris bene creti,

Pall. 12, 22, 3; but freq. in the compounds of cerno; for the simple part., the orig. form certus also is very rarely used:

certā deinde sorte senatus consultum factum est,

Liv. 36, 2, 2; v. under II. C., and cf. certus), 3, v. a. [root car- for scar-, to separate; cf. krinô; hence, skôr, stercus, screo; cf. cera].

To separate, sift (rare):

per cribrum, Cato. R. R. 107, 1: farinam cribro,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 115; cf. id. 33, 5, 26, § 87; Pall. Jun. 1; Veg. 3, 28, 6:

in cribris omnia cerne cavis,

Ov. Med. Fac. 62; cf.:

per densa foramina,

id. ib. 89:

cineris bene creti,

well sifted, Pall. Nov. 22.—Far more freq.,

Trop.

To separate, distinguish by the senses, mostly by the eyes, i. e. to perceive, see, discern (syn.: video, conspicio; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. probably in Lucretius, where it is used about a hundred times); rarely by the ears; v. infra: lumen jubarve in caelo cerno? [p. 319] Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.;

7, § 76 ib.: sed quis illic est, procul quem video? estne hic Hegio? si satis cerno, is hercle'st,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 85:

tum porro varios rerum sentimus odores, nec tamen ad nareis venienteis cernimus umquam: nec voces cernere suemus,

Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 598:

quod nequeunt oculis rerum primordia cerni,

id. 1, 269; v. also id. 2, 314 sq.; 4, 242; cf. id. 2, 837:

acute,

id. 4, 811; cf.:

cerno acutum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:

altaria exhalare vapore,

Lucr. 3, 432; 2, 928 al.—Hence, sometimes opp. to hearing:

ut non solum auribus acciperetur, sed etiam oculis cerneretur,

Nep. Timol. 2, 2;

or to mental perception: quem ego tam video animo, quam ea, quae oculis cernimus,

Cic. Fam. 6, 3, 2:

nos enim ne nunc quidem oculis cernimus ea, quae videmus,

id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46:

quae cernere et videre non possumus,

id. de Or. 3, 40, 161; cf. id. Rep. 6, 20, 21 sq.:

ego Catuli Cumanum ex hoc loco cerno, Pompeianum non cerno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 80:

ut ea cernimus quae videmus,

id. Mil. 29, 79:

omnia sic aperiam, ut ea cernere oculis videamini,

id. Clu. 24, 66:

coram aliquid,

to witness, Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Verg. A. 2, 538:

aliquem,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

acies a nostris cernebatur,

id. B. C. 3, 69:

in sole sidera ipsa desinunt cerni,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

simile quiddam facientes aves cernimus,

id. 2, 6, 7:

me miserum, turbā quod non ego cernar in illā,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 43:

Constitit alma Venus, nulli cernenda,

id. M. 15, 844; Curt. 8, 13, 16; Tac. A. 1, 59.—With acc. and inf.: sensumque inesse et motum in membris cerno, Canius ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.:

neque mutari ac misceri omnia cerneres,

Sall. C. 2, 3: quos ad resistendum concucurrisse cernebat, * Suet. Caes. 15 fin.:

cernis ut insultent Rutuli?

Verg. A. 10, 20:

cerne quam tenui vos parte contingat,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

cerneres, quanta audacia fuisset, etc.,

Sall. C. 61, 1.— Impers. with acc. and inf.:

cernebatur, novissimos illorum premi vehementer,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64 Herz. N. cr. — So impers. with rel. -clause:

ut non solum auribus acciperetur, sed etiam oculis cerneretur quem detulisset,

Nep. Timol. 2, 2. —Ante-class., of the hearing: vox illius certe est: idem omnes cernimus, Att. ap. Non. p. 261, 11, and perh. also, Titin. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.—Hence,

Cerni aliquā re or in aliquā re, to become distinguished or known in something:

fortis animus et magnus duabus rebus maxime cernitur,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66; so id. Tusc. 5, 8, 22: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64:

atque hae quidem virtutes cernuntur in agendo,

Cic. Part. Or. 23, 78; id. Top. 21, 80 (also in Quint. 3, 5, 18).—

Have before the mind, have respect to, regard any one:

ubi gratus, si non eum ipsi cernunt grati, cui referunt gratiam?

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—

Transf. to intellectual objects, to perceive, comprehend, understand (syn.:

intellego, cognosco, perspicio): neque tanta in rebus obscuritas, ut eas (res) non penitus acri vir ingenio cernat, si modo aspexerit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124:

jam cernam mene an illam potiorem putes, id. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 20: (antiquitas) hoc melius ea fortasse, quae erant vera, cernebat,

id. ib. 1, 12, 26; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64; id. Top. 5, 27; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

quae cum ego non solum suspicarer, sed plane cernerem,

id. Agr. 2, 4, 9; id. de Or. 3, 31, 124:

ut consuetum facile amorem cerneres,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 108.—Hence,

Rarely of future events, to foresee, discern beforehand:

cerno animo sepultā in patriā miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

cerno jam animo, quanto omnia uberiora atque ornatiora futura sint,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 2.—

To decide something that is contested or doubtful (judicially), to decree, determine (more rare than decernere):

quotcumque senatus creverit populusque jusserit tot sunto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 8:

quodcumque senatus creverit agunto,

id. ib. 3, 3, 8, § 6: jurati cernant. Pac. ap. Non. p. 261, 13:

illum locum tempusque consilio destinatum quid de Armeniā cernerent,

Tac. A. 15, 14:

priusquam id sors cerneret,

Liv. 43, 12, 2:

certā sorte,

after the lot was decided, id. 36, 2, 2.—Hence,

To decide by contending or fighting (more rare than the freq. certare, and even in Seneca's time out of use; cf. Sen. Ep. 58, 3): ferro non auro vitam ( acc. respect = de vitā) cernamus utrique, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; id. ap. Non. p. 261, 19, and ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.; Pac. ap. Non. p. 261, 21: nisi esset qui armis secum vellet cernere, Att. ap. Non. p. 261, 17:

cernere ferro,

Verg. A. 12, 709 (also ap. Sen. Ep. 58, 3); so,

cernere certamen,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 15; id. Cas. 3, 1, 2; Lucr. 5, 394: pro patriā, pro liberis, pro aris atque focis suis, * Sall. C. 59, 5 Kritz N. cr. (al. certare):

seu libeat duplicem sejunctim cernere martem,

Tib. 4, 1, 103.—Humorously, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 77.—

In gen., to decide for something, to conclude upon, resolve (syn.: constituo, decerno; also rare): praesidium castris educere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 5:

acribus inter se cum armis confligere,

id. ib. p. 261, 6:

te mihi amicam esse crevi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 1 (crevi valet constitui, Varr. L. L. 7, § 98 Müll.); Cat. 64, 150.—Hence,

In judic. lang. t. t., of inheritances.

To resolve to enter upon an inheritance, Varr. L. L. 7, § 98 Müll.; cf. Tit. 22, 27, and cretio.—

To make known this determination, Tit. 22, 28 and 30; Cic. Att. 11, 2, 1.—

= adire, to enter upon an inheritance, Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 40; Liv. 24, 25, 3; 40, 8, 17; Plin. Ep. 10, 79, 2; Quint. Decl. 261; Fest. p. 41.—

Trop.:

debet etiam fratris Appii amorem erga me cum reliquā hereditate crevisse,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 10; so id. Fam. 9, 14, 4; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—P. a. v. certus.