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101 μαραυγέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `contract the pupils when exposed to light, be blinded', of the pupils of a cat (Plu.).Derivatives: μαραυγ-ία `flicker, be blinded' (Archyt. ap. Stch. 3, 1), also (- γεια) a fishname (Xenokr.); because of the look(?) (Strömberg Fischnamen 42 f.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Expressive compound with 2. member las in χρυσ-, σκι-, βολ-αυγέω and with adj. or verbal 1. member, so either to μαρμάρεος ( μαρμάρεαι αὑγαί Ar. Nu. 187 [lyr.]) or to μαρμαίρω (s. v.) like e.g. εἰλυ-σπάομαι, δνο-παλίζω (s. vv.).Page in Frisk: 2,174Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαραυγέω
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102 μηρυκ-άζω
Grammatical information: v.Compounds: Also with ἀνα-, ἀπο-, (LXX, Ph., Plu. a. o.; μαρ- Ath. 9, 390f, Jul. Gal. 314d), - ίζω (Gal.).Derivatives: μηρυκισμός m. (LXX), ἀνα-μηρύκη-σις f. (Aristeas) `ruminating'; backformation μήρυξ m. name of a supposedly ruminating fish, `Scarus cretensis' (Arist.), s. Strömberg Fischnamen 53.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The three verbs μηρυκ-άομαι, - άζω, - ίζω can come either from a denominative from a noun with κ-suffix or be an expressive (iterative) enlargement of a primary *μηρύκ-ω, which may have itself an enlarging - κ- ( ἐρύ-κ-ω with ἐρυκ-άνω, - ανάω: ἐρύομαι or ἐρύω; Schwyyzer 702). So we come back to a *μηρύω, - ύομαι `wrap, wind', which can be easily combined(?) with the winding and turning mouth- and muscle-movements of a ruminator; cf. Grošelj Razprave 2, 44. -- Not with Machek Ling. Posn. 5, 67 f. to Slav. rumigati, Lat. rūmi-gāre with metathesis.Page in Frisk: 2,231Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μηρυκ-άζω
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103 μορμύρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a sea-fish of the family of the breams (Sparidae), `Pagellus mormyrus' (Arist., Archestr.); details in Thompson Fishes s.v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Acc. to Strömberg Fischnamen 76 "prob. after the sound, which arises from its quick movement in the water". In the same meaning also μύρμη (Epich. 62). The connection with μύρομαι, μύρω `flow, trickle' (Strömberg l.c.) is not convincing. -- After Bq and Huber Comm. Aenip. 9 p. 9 a Mediterr. word. -- Lat. LW [loanword] murmillō `gladiator with Gaulish helm, on top of which was a fish'; s. W.-Hofmann s.v. - The variant μύρμη makes a Pre-Greek word probable.Page in Frisk: 2,254Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μορμύρος
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104 μύαξ
μύαξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `sea-mussel, its shell' (medic., Plin.); `spoon' (from `shell'; medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation as ἀσπάλαξ, μέμβραξ, ὕραξ and other animals' names (Chantraine Form. 378f.). Like μυΐσκη, - ος `id.' prob. from μῦς, which can also mean `mussel'; cf. also Lat. mūsculus also `mussel'; s. Strömberg Fischnamen 109. Diff. Fick a.o. (s. WP. 2, 251): to a word for `moss' in Lat. muscus a.o.; cf. esp. NHG Mies-muschel. Diff. again L. Meyer 4, 291: to μύω `shut (oneself)'. -- With μύαξ can be identical Lat. mūrex `purple (snail)' as inherited word, s. W.-Hofmann s.v. For Mediterranan origin of mūrex Ernout-Meillet; thus also on μύαξ Chantraine Form. 378; DELG rejects all hypotheses. - The suffix - αξ however is typically Pre-Greek; is it possible that this was added to the IE word *mūs `mouse'? (Not in Fur.)Page in Frisk: 2,262-263Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύαξ
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105 μύλλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a Pontic fish, which is also found in the Danube (Ar. Fr. 414, Ephipp., Gal., Ael.).Other forms: μύλος Opp.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the fish cannot be further defined (s. Thompson Fishes s.v.), all explanations are in the air. The connection with the group of μέλας (lastly Strömberg Fischnamen 22; s. also W.-Hofmann s. mulleus) under the assumption, it is about the mullet, is therefore a pure hypothesis. -- Lat. LW [loanword] mullus.Page in Frisk: 2,270Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύλλος
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106 μύραινα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `kind of eel, murry' (Sophr., A., Ar.).Other forms: Epich. [ῡ]; σμύ̄ραινα (Pl. Com., Mnesim., Arist.).Derivatives: Beside it μῦρος (Dorio ap. Ath. 7, 312f), σμῦρος (Arist.) m. `kind of sea-eel; cf. e.g. λύκαινα: λύκος; extensive treatment in Thompson Fishes s.vv.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No certain etymology. By Wood AmJPh 49, 172 connected with σμύρις `emery-powder' a.o. further connecting words for `grease, fat', e.g. OHG smero, IE * smer(u)- (WP. 2, 690, Pok. 970f.), which would fit well to the fat eel; but then the Greek u remains unexplained. To be rejected Strömberg Fischnamen 110: to μῦς `mouse' because of its sharp biting; semantically not sufficiently based and also morphologically not convincing. - A clear Pre-Greek word; the suffix - αινα is well known (Fur. 171 n. 117), the prothetic σ- is also well known from Pre-Greek; names of fishes are often Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,271Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύραινα
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107 μῦς
μῦς, μυόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `mous, rat' (IA. etc.), metaph. of sea-animals `mussel, kind of whale etc.' (A. Fr. 34 [= 59 Mette]; details in Thompson Fishes s.v., on the motive for the name Strömberg Fischnamen 109 f.); `muscle' (Hp., Arist.; cf. below).Other forms: μῦν (analog., s.bel.)Compounds: Compp., e.g. μυ-γαλῆ (- έη) f. `shrew-mouse' (Hdt., com., Arist.), μυο-θήρας m. `mouse-catching snake' (Arist., Sch.) from where NGr. μεθήρα f. `snake' (Georgacas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 120ff.), ἄ-μυος `without muscle' (Hp.), also μυσ-κέλενδρα n. pl. `mouse-dung' (Dsc., Moer., Poll., H.); for the 2. member cf. Lat. mūs-cerda `id.', but in detail unclear (Schwyzer 533, Schulze Kl. Schr. 394, Specht Ursprung 172).Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: μυΐδιον (Arr., M. Ant.), also μύδιον `small boat' (D. S.), `small forceps' (medic.); μυΐσκη, - ος `small sea-mussel' (hell.). -- 2. μύαξ, - ᾰκος -n. `sea-mussel' (Dsc., medic.) with μυάκιον (Aët.). -- 3. μυών, - ῶνος m. `muscleballs, -knot' (P 315 a. 324, A. R., Theoc.; Schwyzer 488, Chantraine Form. 162). -- 4. μυωνία (rather - ιά) f. prop. `mouse-hole', `vulva' as term of abuse for a lewd wife (Epicr. 9, 4), directly from μῦς like ἰ-ωνιά from ἴον (s.v.) a.o.; more in Scheller Oxytonierung 45 f., 70 f. -- 5. Adj. μυώδης `muscular' D. S., Plu.), also `mouse-like' (Plu.); μύειος `belonging to the mouse' (An. Ox.), μύϊνος `with the colour of a mouse' (EM, Phot.). -- 6. μυω-τός adjunct of χιτών ('mouse-coloured', `of mouse-skin'?; Poll.); name of a arrow-point (Paul. Aeg.), also `with muscles' (Clearch.), with μυόομαι, - όω `be, become muscular; make' (medic.). -- On μυελός s. v. On several plant names s. Amigues, RPh. LXXIV, 2000, 273f.Etymology: Old IE name of the mouse, in several languages retained: Lat. mūs, mūr-is, Germ., e.g. OHG mūs, Skt. mū́ṣ- etc.; Gr. acc. μῦ-ν is therefore secondary for *μῦ(σ)α (to μῡ(σ)-ός etc.) after ὗν (: ὗς, ὑ-ός) a.o. On the accent in μῦς Berger Münch. Stud. 3, 7. The vowellength was caused by a laryngeal (wrong Schwyzer 350), for which there are two indications; the accent of SCr. mȉš ; Toch. B maścitse `mous', with mas- \< * mwa- \<* muHs-. An old form with short vowel is - wrongly - supposed in Skt. muṣ-ká- m. `testis', cf. 2. μόσχος. -- The metaph. meaning `muscle' (after the mouse-like movement of certain muscles under the skin) can be observed more often, except in Greek and Germ. (OHG a. OE, where esp. `muscle of the upper arm') also in Lat. mūs-culus `small mouse, Muskel', Arm. mu-kn `mouse, muscle'. -- Quite hypothetic is the derivation from the verb, only in Skt., for `steal' muṣ- (pres. mus-ṇā-ti, móṣati), thus a.o. Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 36.Page in Frisk: 2,275-276Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῦς
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108 μυός
μῦς, μυόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `mous, rat' (IA. etc.), metaph. of sea-animals `mussel, kind of whale etc.' (A. Fr. 34 [= 59 Mette]; details in Thompson Fishes s.v., on the motive for the name Strömberg Fischnamen 109 f.); `muscle' (Hp., Arist.; cf. below).Other forms: μῦν (analog., s.bel.)Compounds: Compp., e.g. μυ-γαλῆ (- έη) f. `shrew-mouse' (Hdt., com., Arist.), μυο-θήρας m. `mouse-catching snake' (Arist., Sch.) from where NGr. μεθήρα f. `snake' (Georgacas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 120ff.), ἄ-μυος `without muscle' (Hp.), also μυσ-κέλενδρα n. pl. `mouse-dung' (Dsc., Moer., Poll., H.); for the 2. member cf. Lat. mūs-cerda `id.', but in detail unclear (Schwyzer 533, Schulze Kl. Schr. 394, Specht Ursprung 172).Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: μυΐδιον (Arr., M. Ant.), also μύδιον `small boat' (D. S.), `small forceps' (medic.); μυΐσκη, - ος `small sea-mussel' (hell.). -- 2. μύαξ, - ᾰκος -n. `sea-mussel' (Dsc., medic.) with μυάκιον (Aët.). -- 3. μυών, - ῶνος m. `muscleballs, -knot' (P 315 a. 324, A. R., Theoc.; Schwyzer 488, Chantraine Form. 162). -- 4. μυωνία (rather - ιά) f. prop. `mouse-hole', `vulva' as term of abuse for a lewd wife (Epicr. 9, 4), directly from μῦς like ἰ-ωνιά from ἴον (s.v.) a.o.; more in Scheller Oxytonierung 45 f., 70 f. -- 5. Adj. μυώδης `muscular' D. S., Plu.), also `mouse-like' (Plu.); μύειος `belonging to the mouse' (An. Ox.), μύϊνος `with the colour of a mouse' (EM, Phot.). -- 6. μυω-τός adjunct of χιτών ('mouse-coloured', `of mouse-skin'?; Poll.); name of a arrow-point (Paul. Aeg.), also `with muscles' (Clearch.), with μυόομαι, - όω `be, become muscular; make' (medic.). -- On μυελός s. v. On several plant names s. Amigues, RPh. LXXIV, 2000, 273f.Etymology: Old IE name of the mouse, in several languages retained: Lat. mūs, mūr-is, Germ., e.g. OHG mūs, Skt. mū́ṣ- etc.; Gr. acc. μῦ-ν is therefore secondary for *μῦ(σ)α (to μῡ(σ)-ός etc.) after ὗν (: ὗς, ὑ-ός) a.o. On the accent in μῦς Berger Münch. Stud. 3, 7. The vowellength was caused by a laryngeal (wrong Schwyzer 350), for which there are two indications; the accent of SCr. mȉš ; Toch. B maścitse `mous', with mas- \< * mwa- \<* muHs-. An old form with short vowel is - wrongly - supposed in Skt. muṣ-ká- m. `testis', cf. 2. μόσχος. -- The metaph. meaning `muscle' (after the mouse-like movement of certain muscles under the skin) can be observed more often, except in Greek and Germ. (OHG a. OE, where esp. `muscle of the upper arm') also in Lat. mūs-culus `small mouse, Muskel', Arm. mu-kn `mouse, muscle'. -- Quite hypothetic is the derivation from the verb, only in Skt., for `steal' muṣ- (pres. mus-ṇā-ti, móṣati), thus a.o. Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 36.Page in Frisk: 2,275-276Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μυός
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109 νῶτον
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: Compp., e.g. νωτο-φόρος `carrying om the back', m. `bearer', n. `beast of burden' (X., hell.) with - έω, - ία (D. S.); ποικιλό-νωτος `with motley back' (Pi., E.)Derivatives: Adj. νωτ-ιαῖος (Hp., Pl., E.; Chantraine Form. 49), also - αῖος (Nic.), - ιος (Ti. Locr.) `belonging to the back', f. - ιάς (Hp.). Subst. νωτιδανός m. `kind of shark' (Arist.; on the formation Schwyzer 530), also ἐπινωτιδεύς `id.' (Epaen. ap. Ath. 7, 294 d; explanation uncertain, s. Thompson Fishes s.v.; diff. Strömberg Fischnamen 49f.; cf. also Bosshardt 86); νωτεύς m. `beast of burden' (Poll., H.; Bosshardt l.c.). Verb νωτίζω, also w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, `turn one's back, cover one's back, besmear, beat on the back' (trag.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 5, 287) with νώτισμα n. `cover of the back' = `wing' ( Trag. Adesp.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No certain cognates. One compares since Curtius 320 Lat. natis, natēs, gen. pl. - ium f. `the buttock', s. W.-Hofmann s.v. with further attempts at connection.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νῶτον
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110 ξύλον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `wood, construction-wood-, firewood, tree, beam, stick, foot-, neckblock, banc, table' (Il.); also as length-measure = `the side of the ναύβιον' (Hero Geom., pap.).Compounds: Very many compp., e.g. ξυλουργός (- οργός, - εργός) m. `carpenter' with - έω, - ία, - ικός (IA.; cf. on δημιουργός); μονό-ξυλος `made from one piece of wood', of πλοῖον a.o. (IA.). On ξύλοχος s. v.Derivatives: 1. Dimin.: ξυλ-άριον `small piece of wood' (LXX, pap. a.o.), - ήφιον `piece of wood' (Hp., hell.), - άφιον `id.' (Eust.; on - ήφιον, - άφιον Wackernagel Glotta 4, 243 f. [Kl. Schr. 2, 1200f.]); ξύλιον `piece of wood' (pap. IVp). Further subst.: 2. ξυλ-εύς m. `woodcutter', name of a sacrificial attendant in Olympia (inscr. Ia, Paus., H.) with - εύω, - εύομαι `fetch wood' (hell. inscr., Men., H.), - εία f. `fetching wood, store of wood, construction-wood' (Plb., Str., pap.); Bosshardt 75; 3. ξυλ-ίτης ἰχθῦς ποιός H. (explan. in Strömberg Fischnamen 25); - ῖτις (γῆ, χέρσος) f. `shrub-coutry' (pap.; Redard 109 w. n.); 4. ξυλών, - ῶνος m. `place for wood' (Delos III--IIa). Adj. 1. ξύλ-ινος `of wood, wooden' (Pi., B., IA.), 2. - ικός `id.' (Arist.) with - ικάριος `woodhandler (?)' (Korykos; from Lat. - ārius), 3. - ηρός `regarding wood' (Delos IIIa), - ηρά f. `woodzmarket'? (pap. Ip), 4. - ώδης `woodlike, -coloured' (Hp., Arist., Thphr.). Verbs. 1. ξυλ-ίζομαι `fetch wood' (X., Plu.) with - ισμός `fetching wood' (Str., D.H.), - ιστής `who fetches wood' (sch.); 2. ξυλ-όομαι, - όω `become wood, make, make of wood' (Thphr., LXX) with - ωσις f. `woodwork' (Th., hell. inscr.), - ωμα, - ωμάτιον `id.' (Delos IIIa a.o.); 3. ξυλ-εύω, s. above on ξυλεύς.Etymology: With ξύλον (from where on younger Att. vases σύλον, σύλινος; Schwyzer 211) agrees Lith. šùlas `(bucket-, ton-) stave, stander, pillar', if from IE *ḱsulo-; besides, in vokalism deviating, several Slav. forms, e.g. Russ. šúlo n. `garden-pole', Scr. šûlj m. `block' (IE *ḱseulo-?). Similarly with ū and anlaut. s-, Germ., e.g. OHG sūl f. `style, pole', with au (IE ou?) Goth. sauls `pillar'. The relation between the Slav., Balt. and Germ. words has been amply discussed but hardly explained; s. Vasmer and Fraenkel s. vv. with ric lit. and further forms. Older lit. also in Bq, WP. 2, 503 f. and W.-Hofmann s. silva. Mann Slavon. Rev. 37, 134 still adduces Alb. shul `bar, nail, siphon'. -- Original connection with ξύω (e.g. Fick 3, 446, also as supposition Schwyzer 329) is not probable, secondary influence (Chantraine Form. 240) well acceptable.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξύλον
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111 ὀδών
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `tooth'Compounds: Several compp., e.g. ὀδοντ-άγρα f. `tooth forceps' (Hp., Arist.), χαυλι-όδων (Hes. Sc. 387), ntr. - όδον and - όδουν (Arist.) `with protruding teeth'.Derivatives: 1. Subst. ὀδοντάριον `little cog' (Heliod. ap. Orib.), ὀδοντ-ίς f. name of a fish (pap. IIIa; on the motive of the name Strömberg Fischnamen 45), - ᾶς m. `dentatus', - ίας m. `dentiosus' (Gloss.); odontītis f. `toothwort, Dentaria' (Plin.; Redard 74). 2. Adj. ὀδοντ-ικός `belonging to the teeth' (medic.), - ωτός `equipped with teeth' (Hero, Luc., Gal.), with ὀδοντόομαι `to be equipped with teeth' (Poll.). 3. Verbs. ὀδοντ-ιάω `to teethe' (Gal.) with - ίασις f. `teetheing' (Dsc., Gal.), - ίζω `to equip with teeth' (Orib.), `to polish (with one tooth)' (pap.; cf. charta dentata and Lagercrantz on PHolm. 4, 40), with - ισμός (Poll.), - ισμα (Eust.) `the grinding of teeth'.Etymology: Aeol. ἔδοντες (with second. barytonesis) suggests that ὀδόντ- stands with vowelassimilation for *ἐδόντ-. However, a tooth does not `eat'; it only bites. The h₃ is confirmed by Arm. atamn (Kortlandt, Armeniaca, index). It is further confirmed by νωδός, which requires *n̥-h₃d- (not an assimilated vowel). And also by ὀδύνη `pain' (with which Arm. erkn cannot be cognate, if only because of the - rk-. The form od- `bite' is also seen in Lith. úodas, Latv. uôds `gnat', from * h₃ed- (with long vowel after Winter's Law). The Aeolic form can easily have ἑδ- after ἔδω. The younger ὀδούς for ὀδών is after διδούς (Solmsen Wortforsch. 30 ff.; hardly acceptable doubt by Schwyzer 566; on the nom. sg. still Gaar Gymnasium 60, 169 ff. [ ὀδούς Att.], Leroy Mél. Jos. Hombert = Phoibos 5 [1950--51] 102 ff.). -- ὀδών, ὀδόντ-ος agrees with the old name of the tooth in Skt. dán, acc. dánt-am m. ( = ὀ-δόντ-α), Lith. dant-ìs m. (f.), Germ., e.g. OHG zan(d), IE * h₃d-ont-; the zero grade (IE *h₃d-n̥t-) in Goth. tunÞ-us ( tund- still in Goth. aihwatundjai [één teken] `tooth of a horse', Lamberterie RPh. LXXIV (2000)278), Lat. dēns a.o.; the original ablaut is still alive in Skt., e.g. gen. sg. dat-ás (\< *h₃dn̥t-ós) beside dánt-am; cf. also the Germ. forms. The zero grade is now assumed in Myc. odakeweta, -- tuweta, - tweta `(wheels) with teeth'), wether a technical detail or an ornament; Dicc. Mic. 2, 16). -- Mostly interpreted as "the eating" ptc. pres. of the verb for `eat' in ἔδω (s. v.). Semantic doubts by Benveniste BSL 32, 74 ff. (with other etymology); against this Solmsen l.c. Further forms with rich lit. in WP. 1, 120 (Pok. 289), and in the etym dictionaries, esp. W.-Hofmann s. dēns. -- Cf. νωδός and αἱμωδέω.Page in Frisk: 2,352-353Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀδών
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112 ὀλισθάνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to slide, to slip, to glide' (Att.).Other forms: - αίνω (Arist., hell.), aor. ὀλισθ-εῖν (Il.), - ῆσαι (Hp., hell.), - ῆναι (Nic.), 2. sg. ὤλισθας (epigr. Ia--Ip), fut. ὀλισθήσω (hell.), perf. ὠλίσθηκα (Hp.).Derivatives: 1. Verbal subst.: ὀλίσθ-ημα n. `fall, sprain' (Hp., Pl.), - ησις (also ἀπ-, κατ-, περι-) f. `slipping, spraining' (medic., Plu.); on the meaning-difference between ὀλίσθ-ημα and - ησις Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 138; backformation ὄλισθος m. `lubricity' (Hp., hell.), also name of a slippery fish (Opp.; Strömberg Fischnamen 28). 2. Verbal adj.: ὀλισθ-ηρός `slippery,' (Pi., IA), - ήεις `id.' (AP; poet. formation cf. Schwyzer 527), - ανωτέρα `id.' (nom. f. sg.; Gal,; rather from ὀλισθάνω than with Thumb IF 14, 346 f. from ὄλισθος), ὀλισθός `id.' (Hdn. Gr. 1, 147; prob. first to ὄλισθος w. accentshift), - ητικός `making slippery' (Hp.). -- On its own stands ὀλισθράζω = ὀλισθάνω (Epich., Hp. ap. Gal. 19, 126) as if from *ὄλισθρος, cf. ὀλιβ(ρ)άξαι from ὀλιβρός (s.v.).Etymology: The themat. root-aorist ὀλισθεῖν, from which all other forms derive, direct or indirectly, and whose function as aorist was perh. connected with the rise of the present in - άνω (to which later - αίνω; Schwyzer 748 with Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 3, 365), recalls - δαρθεῖν (: δαρ-θάνω), αἰσθέσθαι (: αἰσθάνομαι) and can like this contain an enlarging IE dh-element with Gr. σθ from dh-dh. As source of σθ however, also IE dh-t can be considered, with βλαστεῖν (: βλαστάνω), ἁμαρτεῖν (: ἁμαρτάνω) as parallel (Schwyzer 703f.). -- Orig.. *ὀλιθ-, with prothet. ὀ- can well be sompared with a verb for `glide, shove' in Germ. and Balt., e.g. OE slīdan (NEngl. slide), MHG slīten, Lith. slýs-ti, pret. slýd-au (with second. y beside slidùs `smooth, slippery'). Here further isolated nouns in Slav. and Celt.: OCS slědъ, Russ. sled m. `trace' (IE * sloidh-o-), NIr. slaod `gliding mass' (formation unclear). Also the not certainly interpreted Skt. srédhati about `stumble, make a mistake' may belong here. When we analyse as sli-dh- (cf. Benveniste Origines 192) also ὀλιβρόν etc. may be connected, s. v. Furher forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 707f., Pok. 960f., Vasmer s. sled, Fraenkel s. slidùs. S. also 1. λοῖσθος.Page in Frisk: 2,377Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀλισθάνω
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113 ὀρφώς
Meaning: name of `a large seafish of the genus of perches', `Serranus gigas' [aansluiten] or `Polyprion cermum' (com., Arist.).Other forms: secondary ὀρφός or ὄρφος (Arist.; after Hdn. Gr. 1, 224 ὄρφος κοινῶς, ὀρφῶς δε Άττικῶς).Derivatives: ὀρφ-ίσκος m. = κίχλη as a fish name (Pancrat. Ep. ap. Ath.), - ακίνης m. `young ὀρφώς' (Dorio ap. Ath.), from *ὄρφαξ (cf. δέλφαξ a.o.) with ινη-suffix as δελφακ-ίνη, ἐλαφ-ίνης a.o.), - εύς m. = ὀρφώς (Marc. Sid., Alex.) with allusion to the PN (Bosshardt 94). -- Details in Thompson Fishes s.v. and Strömberg Fischnamen 21 f.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like the fishnames λαγώς, - ός (prop. comp.?), ἀχαρνώς a. o. Often referring to the colour connected with ὄρφνη (s. Strömberg l.c.), but in detail unclear. Improbable supposition (for *ὀρφνο-φος v.t. ?) in WP. 2, 367. Other etymologies by Sütterlin IF 29, 126 (s. Bq and WP. l.c.) and Specht Ursprung 267 (Swed. sarv `roach', Lat. sorbus `sorbtree'?). By Bechtel Namenst. 32 without semantic argumentation connected with ὀρφός in ὀρφο-βόται (s. ὀρφανός); or because of its isolated way of life (by Arist. described as μονήρης) ? -- Lat. LW [loanword] orphus, NHG Orf.Page in Frisk: 2,432Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρφώς
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114 ὀφθαλμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `eye' (Il.).Other forms: Boeot. ὄκταλλος, Epid. Lac. ὀπτίλ(λ)ος.Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. μον-όφθαλμος ( μουν-) `with a single eye, one-eyed' (Hdt., Plb., Str.), ἑτερ-όφθαλμος `bereft of one eye' (D., Arist.); also as 1. member, e.g. ὀφθαλμ-ωρύχος `digging out the eyes' (A.).Derivatives: 1. ὀφθαλμ-ίδιον n. dimin. (Ar.); 2. - ία, Ion. - ίη f. `eye-disease' (s. Scheller Oxytonierung 42f.) with - ιάω `suffering from an eye-disease' (IA.), with - ίασις f. (Plu., H.); 3. - ίας m. name of a kind of eagle (Lyc.), also of a fish (Plaut.; because of the fixed glance, Strömberg Fischnamen 42); 4. - ικός `belonging to the eyes', m. `eye-doctor' (Gal., Dsc.); 5. - ηδόν `like eyes' (gloss.). -- 6. Verbs ὀφθαλμίζομαι `to be inoculated' (Thphr.), `to suffer from ὀ-ία' (Plu.); with prep. ἐν-ὀφθαλμ-ίζω `to inoculate' (Thphr.), - ίζομαι pass. (Delos) with - ισμός (Thphr.); also - ιάζομαι (Plu.); ἐξ-οφθαλμ-ιάζω `to disregard, to disparage' (pap. IVp); ἐπ-οφθαλμ-ίζω (Pherecyd., Plu.), - ιάω (Plu., pap. IIIp), - έω (pap. IVp) `to ogle, to peep at'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Understandably the word has been derived from the root ὀπ- `see'. Variants are Boeot. ὄκταλλος, Epid. Lac. ὀπτίλ(λ)ος. The group κτ: πτ: φθ ("mit altem κτ [but see below], analogischem πτ und expressivem φθ" (Frisk) [Schwyzer 299 bzw. Benveniste Origines 48]?) has been connected with the group kṣ in Skt. ákṣi `eye' Schwyzer 317 w. lit.). With the suppletive n-stem e.g. in gen. akṣ-ṇ-ás the l-stem in ὀφθ-αλ-μός would correspond (Specht 351n.1). "Die lautlichen Einzelheiten sind indessen nicht endgültig und eindeutig aufgeklärt" (Frisk). An IE laibo-velar before consonat became a labial, Lejeune Phonét. $ 42, so Frisks "mit altem κτ" is wrong. The rise of - αλ(λ)- cannot be explained from IE. The repeated attempts, to explain ὀφθαλμός as a compound, are all wrong (to θάλαμος Brugmann, s. Bq and WP. 1, 864). The variation cannot well be explained as IE, nor can the formation of ὀφθαλμός. ὄκταλλος has a Pre-Greek suffix, Beekes FS Kortlandt.; already Devel. 193); it continues a palatalized l (i.e. *ly, which was represented as a geminate). This leads to a PGr. reconstruction *akʷt-aly-(m)- (with *a- = [ο] before the labiovelar). Here the labiovelar could become a labial, but the labial element could also be ignored, which gave ὀκτ-. Aspiration was not phonemic in Pre-Greek, hence the variant ὀφθ- is unproblematic. In ὀπτίλ(λ)ος apparently the (second) *a became i through the following labialized consonant. The fact that PGr. * akʷ- strongly resembles IE * h₃ekʷ- is a mere coincidence, an accident that may be expected to occur here and there. -- Note the expressive geminate in ὄκκον ὀφθαλμόν H. (to Arm. akn? Meillet BSL 26, 15f.; s. also Lejeune Traité de phon. 72 n. 1); this word may well be of IE origin. -- For words derived from the IE root ὀπ- `see', s. ὄμμα, ὄσσε, ὄπωπα; cf. WP. 1, 169ff., Pok. 775ff., W.-Hofmann s. oculus etc.Page in Frisk: 2,452-453Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀφθαλμός
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115 πάπραξ
πάπραξ, - ακοςGrammatical information: ?Meaning: name of a fish in Thracian sea Prasias (Hdt. 5, 16).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Two uncertain hypotheses: to πέρκη `perch', περκνός `spotted', πρακνόν μέλανα H. (Fick BB 29, 235 a.o.); onomatop. after the supposed sound, cf. βαβράζειν `chirp' (Strömberg Fischnamen 75 f.). - The word maybe Pre-Greek (- ακ-). Cf. the onomat. παππάξ, βαβ(ρ)άζω.Page in Frisk: 2,472Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πάπραξ
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116 πέλτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `the Nile fish κορακῖνος salted' (Diph. Siph ap. Ath. 121 b, Hsch.). S. Strömberg Fischnamen 131, Thomson, Fishes s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unknown.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέλτης
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117 πέμπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to send, to dispatch, to guide, to accompany', midd. (mostly w. prefix) also `to send for smn., to fetch smn.'.Other forms: Aor. πέμψαι, fut. πέμψω (Hom.), aor. pass. πεμφθῆναι (Pi.), perf. πέπομφα (IA.), midd. πέπεμμαι (Att.).Derivatives: 1. πομπή ( ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, προ- a.o.) f. `conduct, escort, procession, pompa' (Il.). 2. πομπός m., also f. `escort, bearer of a message' (Il.), also adj. `guiding, bringing a message' (A., Ael.); from the the prefixcompp. e.g. προπομπ-ός `escort, escortess, guide (m.\/f.), by way of guidance, by way of escort' (A., X.); as 2. member in compp., e.g. ψυχο-πομπ-ός m. `guide of souls' (E.). From 1. or 2. (not always discernable): a. πομπ-αῖος `guiding, leading' (Pi., trag.) ἀπο- πέμπω (LXX, Ph.); b. - ιμος `id.' (Pi., trag.), `sent off' (S.), ἀνα-, δια- πέμπω a.o. (D. S., Luc.); Arbenz 78 a. 89; c. - ικός `belonging to the procession' (X., hell. a. late); d. - ιος `led' (Plot.); e. - ίλος m. name of a fish that accompanies ships, `Naucrates ductor' (Erinna, A. R.; Strömberg Fischnamen 58f., Thompson Fishes s. v.); f. πομπεύω ( προ-, συμ-, ἐπι-, δια-) `to escort, to guide, to partake in a procession' (Il.; also from πομπεύς?, s.bel.); from there πόμπευ-σις, - τής, - τήριος, - τικός; - εῖα pl., - εία f.; prob. also, as backformation, πομπεύς m. `escort, partaker of a procession' (Od., Att., Bosshardt 26f.). -- 3. πέμψις (mostly with ἀπό-, ἔκ-, ἐπι-, μετά- etc.) f. `sending' (IA.). 4. πεμπτήρ m. `escort' (S.Fr. 142 II 10 [lyr.]); προπεμπτήρ-ιος `escorting' (Philostr. VA), ἀπο-, προ-πεμπ-τικός (Men. Rh.); 5. εὑπέμπελος, s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The above system of forms including the nominal formations follows wellknown patterns and makes no archaic impression. Semantically however, the assumption of a loan is not esp. obvious; innovation with Greek elements can also not be demonstrated. So etymol. quite unclear; vain attempts by Fick BB 18, 137 (s. Bq), by v. Windekens Sprache 7, 52f. (to κομψός a. Lith. švánkus). To be rejected also Deroy Ant. class. 32, 439 ff. (referring to the unclear Myc. peqota).Page in Frisk: 2,502-503Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέμπω
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118 πηλαμύς
πηλαμύς, - ύδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `(young) tuna' (S. Fr. 503, Phryn. Com., Arist.).Other forms: also παλαμίς (Cyran.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Prob. from πηλός `mud' after its abode, s. Strömberg Fischnamen 79ff. (also 128ff.) with extensive argumentation; as 2. member one assumes ἀμύς = χελώνη λιμναία (s. v.). -- Otherwise (e.g. Chantraine Form. 348) usu. taken as foreign word. -- The word is no doubt Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,527-528Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πηλαμύς
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119 ῥάμφος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `(hooked) birdbeak' (com., Call., Plu.).Other forms: Further ῥαμψόν καμπύλον, βλαισόν; ῥαμψὰ γόνατα βλαισὰ γόνατα, τὸ δε αὑτὸ καὶ ῥαιβά H.; (after γαμψός a.o?); cf. Specht Ursprung 200 w. lit., Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 47.Compounds: λεπτό-ραμφος `having a thin beak' (Paul. Aeg.).Derivatives: ῥαμφή f. `crooked knife' (Plb., H.). From ῥάμφος: ῥάμφ-ιον n. dimin. (sch.), - ίς, - ίδος f. `crooked clasp' (Hero), also = νεὼς εἶδος H. (cf. κορωνίς), - ιος = πελεκανός (Cyran.), - ώδης `beak-like' (Philostr.), - ησταί ἰχθῦς ποιοί H. (Strömberg Fischnamen 43), - άζομαι `to poke with the beak' (H., Phot.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Beside ῥάμφος, ῥαμφή (cf. e.g. γράφος: γραφή) stands with regular full grade ῥέμφος τό στόμα, η ῥίς H. With ῥαμφ- cf. καμπ-, γναμπ-, κραμβ- a.o., for the anlaut also ῥαιβός. No direct agreement. Phonetically comparable, semant. combinable ῥέμβομαι `turn round, roam' (s.v.) with ῥόμβος `(magic) wheel'. Furher one compared Germ., MLG wrimpen `turn up one's nose', wramp-achtich `curled, crooked'; so IE *u̯remb(h)-. Cf. ῥάβδος, ῥέμβομαι; also ῥομφαία. -- The variation β\/ψ prob. points to a Pre-Greek word, which is also prob. seen the a-vocalism.Page in Frisk: 2,641-642Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥάμφος
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120 σάρδα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `salt- and corned fish' (Diphil. Siph. ap. Ath. 3, 120f., Xenocr., Gal.).Derivatives: σαρδῖνος, - ίνη `pilchard, sardelle' (Arist. Fr. 329, Epainet., Gal.), Lat. sarda, sardīna.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Prob. prop. "the Sardian fish", from Sardus `Sardian, sardinian', Σαρδώ = Sardinia, after the plac of origin. Strömberg Fischnamen 86; on the facts Thompson Fishes s. v. -- The form in -α will be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,677-678Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάρδα
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