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61 ἵππος
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `horse, mare' (Il.), collective f. `cavalry' (IA)Compounds: Very often in compp.: bahuvrihi ( λεύκ-ιππος), governing compp. ( ἱππό-δαμ-ος, ἱππ-ηλά-της), determin. compp. ( ἱππο-τοξότης); with transformed 2. member ( ἱππο-πόταμος, ἵππ-αγρος for ἵππος ποτάμιος, ἄγριος, Risch IF 59, 287; ἱππο-κορυστής, s. κόρυς); with metr. conditioned ἱππιο- for ἱππο- in ἱππιο-χαίτης, - χάρμης (ep.). As 1. member also augmentative, esp in plant-names ( ἱππο-λάπαθον a. o., Strömberg Pflanzennamen 30).Derivatives: A. Substantives: diminut. ἱππάριον (X.), ἱππίσκος `(small) statue of a horse' (Samos IVa) etc., ἱππίδιον as fishname (Epich.; Strömberg Fischnamen 100). - ἱππότης m. `horse-, chariot-driver' (Il.; in Homer always ἱππότᾰ with voc. = nom.; see Risch Sprachgesch. und Wortbed. 389ff), f. ἱππότις (Nonn.); ἱππεύς `horse-driver, chariot-fighter' (Il.), `cavalrist' (Sapph., A., Hdt.), `knight' as social class (Hdt., Ar., Arist.); from there ἱππεύω, s. C.; also as name of a comet like ἱππίας (Plin., Apul.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107); ἱππών `stable' (Att. inscr., X.); ἱππάκη `cheese of mare-milk' (Hp.), also plant-name (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 136; formation like ἐριθάκη, ἁλωνάκη a. o.); ἵππερος "horse-fever" (Ar., like ἴκτερος, ὕδερος); ἱπποσύνη `art of driving, cavalry' (Il.; Urs Wyss Die Wörter auf - σύνη 23 u. 49). - B. Adjectives: ἱππάς f. `belonging to a horse, status and census of the knights in Athens' (Hp., Arist.); ἵππειος `belonging to a horse' (Il.); ἵππιος `id.' (Alc., Pi., trag.), often as epithet of gods (Poseidon, Athena etc.); from there Ίππιών as month-name (Eretria); ἱππικός `id.' (IA; Chantraine Et. sur le vocab. gr. 141); ἱππώδης `horse-like' (X.). - C. Verbs: 1. ἱππάζομαι, also with ἀφ-, ἐφ-, καθ- a. o., `drive horses, serve as riding-horse' (Il.) with ἱππασία, ἱππάσιμος, ἱππαστήρ, - άστρια, ἱππαστής, - αστικός, ἵππασμα, ἱππασμός. 2. ἱππεύω `id.' (IA), prop. from ἱππεύς, but also referring to ἵππος (Schwyzer 732), also with prefix, e. g. ἀφ-, καθ-, παρ-, συν-; from there ἱππευτήρ, - τής, ἱππεία, ἵππευσις, ἵππευμα; details in Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 34f. - Further endless proper-names, both full- and short-names ( Ίππόλυτος, Ίππίας, Ι῝ππη etc.etc.). See E. Delebecque Le cheval dans l'Iliade. Paris 1951.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [301] *h₁eḱuos `horse'Etymology: Inherited word for `horse', e. g. Skt. áśva-, Lat. equus, Venet. acc. ekvon, Celt., e. g. OIr. ech, Germ., e. g. OE eoh, OLith. ešva `mare', Toch. B yakwe, perh. also Thrac. PN Βετεσπιος, give IE *h₁eḱu̯os; further HLuw. aśuwa, Lyc. esbe. From this form we expect Gr. *ἔππος or *ἔκκος (s. Schwyzer 301). A form with geminate is indeed found in ἴκκος (EM 474, 12), Ἴκκος PN (Tarent., Epid.); s. Lejeune, Phonétique 72. (With ἴκκος: ἵππος cf. Pannonian PN Ecco, Eppo.) A problem is the ἰ-; one suggestion was that it is Mycenaean; Cf. W.-Hofmann s. equus, Schwyzer 351. The aspiration is also difficult. - There is no further explanation for the word (connection e.g. with ὠκύς cannot be demonstrated).Page in Frisk: 1,734-735Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵππος
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62 καλλαρίας
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: γαλ(λ)αρίας ἰξθύς, ὁ ὀνίσκος H., γαλλερίας, γελαρίης (Dorion) and χελλαρίης = ὀνίσκος (Dorio ap. Ath. 3, 118c).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation in - ίας (Chantraine Formation 94), (jokingly, or as taboo?) to κάλλος; with the synonymous γαλ(λ)αρίας one connects γαλεός `dog-fish' (?). See Strömberg Fischnamen 130f. Also Thompson Fishes 97. The variants clearly show a Pre-Greek word (Fur. 140); the two ε's and the λλ point to *kalyar-Page in Frisk: 1,765Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καλλαρίας
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63 καμασήν
καμασήν, - ῆνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: name of an unknown fish (Emp., AP, Hdn. Gr., H.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.Etymology: - From the fish name ἠλακατήν from ἠλακάτη one would posite for καμασήν a basis *κάμασος with suffixal - ασος as in πέτασος, κόμπασος (Chantraine Formation 435; I don't understand the reasoning and I don't find it in the Formation). One connects Baltoslavic words for the Wels [unknown to me], Lith. šāmas, Latv. sams, Slav. (Russ. etc.) som. One further connects κάμ-αξ `pole, bar' (s. v.), Solmsen Wortforsch. 122f.; on the motive see Strömberg Fischnamen 36. So from a Eur. substratum? Fur. 214 connects κάβα(ι)σος, καμασός, but without evidence.Page in Frisk: 1,771Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καμασήν
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64 κάνθαρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `kind of (dung-)beetle, Scarabaeus pilularius', also metaph. of a drinking cup, a kanoo, a fish (Strömberg Fischnamen 123f.), a woman's ornament (IA.)Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἡλιο-, κυκνο-κάνθαρος (Com.)Derivatives: κανθάριον name of a beaker (Att. inscr., Plu.); κανθαρίς a beetle, also name of a fish and a plant (Hp., Arist.); κανθάρεως name of a vine (Thphr.; - εως as in ἐρινεώς; s. on ἐρινεός), κανθαρίτης οἶνος (Plin.), both of the Κανθάριος ἄκρα on Samos (Str.), (also called Ἄμπελος, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 97); κανθαρίας name of a precious stone (Plin.); κανθαρώδης `κ.-like' (sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]; LW [loanword] Sem.Etymology: Not well explained. By Strömberg Wortstudien 10f. connected with the name of the ass, κάνθων, κανθήλιος (hardly probable) with the suffix as in χίμαρος, κίσσαρος a. o. (Chantraine Formation 226f.). - On the plant name κανθαρίς, ἀντικάνθαρον s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 140. Chantr. pointed out that there are anthroponymes Bechtel, H. Personennamen 582 and 589, as well as place names, as Κάνθαρος, a port of Piraeus, and concludes that it can be a term from Pre-Greek, with which I agree. - As there is an Acc. word kanda\/uru- `cup', in this meaning it will be a loan, Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 672,Page in Frisk: 1,776-777Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάνθαρος
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65 κάππαρις
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `caper-plant, Capparis spinosa' (Hp., Arist.);Derivatives: Diminut. καπ(π)άριον (pap.). - From it κάππαρος m. a fish ( PCair. Zen. 83, IIIa); after the preparation, s. Strömberg Fischnamen 88.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Orient.Etymology: Berger connected (Kultupfl. 13ff) the word with NPers. kabar ` id' and Burušaski čopuri, čopǝri.Page in Frisk: 1,782Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάππαρις
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66 κάπρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `boar, (wild)boar', also adjunct of σῦς (Il.); as fish-name = `Capros aper' (Arist.; after the sound, Thompson Fishes s. v., Strömberg Fischnamen 101).Derivatives: Diminut. καπρίδιον, - ίσκος (Com.); f. κάπραινα of a lewd woman (Com.); καπρία f. `the ovary, the rutting sap of the sow' (Arist.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 43); καπρών `pig-sty' (Delos IIIa); ( σῦς) κάπριος = ( σῦς) κάπρος (Il., A. R.); κάπριος `with the form of a boar' (Hdt. 3, 59), κάπρειος `belonging to a boar' (Nonn.). Denomin. verbs: καπράω `go to the boar', of a rutting sow (Arist.), also καπριάω (Arist. v. l., Ar. Byz.), on the formation Schwyzer 731f.; καπρίζω `id.' (Arist.); καπρῴζομαι `rut' of the boar (Skiras Com.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Agrees with the Italo-Germanic word for `(he-)goat', Lat. caper, Umbr. cabru `caprum', Germ., e. g. ONo. hafr. An uncertain trace of the word in Celtic is supposed in Gallo-Rom. * cabrostos `honeysuckle, privet'. The newly formed τράγος has made the old name of the goat, IE. *kápros, free for other services; the word was probably first used appositively to σῦς (s. above). Lat. (Ital.) aper `boar' took the vowel of caper, but is further unrelated. - Further Pok. 529, W.-Hofmann s. caper (and aper). Doubtful combinations in Wagner KZ 75, 72ff. M. Brind, Les zoonymes..., 91-115 `qui vale, happe' cognate with κάπτω, which seems to me an improbable etymology; he meaning of the root seems not to point in this direction, Pok. 527.Page in Frisk: 1,782-783Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάπρος
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67 κάρχαρος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `biting, sharp, raw' (Alcm. 140, Lyc., Opp.),Other forms: with reshaped ending καρχαρέος (EM).Compounds: καρχαρόδων (- ους), - οντος `with sharp teeth' (Il., Hes., Ar., Arist., Thphr.; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 93)Derivatives: καρχαρίας m. `kind of shark' (Pl. Com., Sophr.; cf. Thompson Fishes s. v., Strömberg Fischnamen 45); the word was taken over in Lat. carcharus, - ias, Saint-Denis, Rev. de phil. 3e sér. 40 (1966) 388ff.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Onomatopoet. reduplicated formation (Schwyzer 423). One compares Skt. khára- `hard, raw, sharp' (which cannot agree with the Gr.- χ-), NPers. xār(ā) `rock, thorn', and Toch. A tsär `raw'; the last doubtful, s. Pedersen Tocharisch 242f. w. n. 1. Acc. to Leumann Hom. Wörter 156 κάρχαρος was taken from hom. καρχαρόδοντες. - An unaspirated form is κάρκαροι τραχεῖς καὶ δέσμοι H. (cf. s. v.). S. Bq, WP. 1, 355, Mayrhofer KEWA s. kharaḥ1. -Blanc thinks that the word is connected with χάραξ `pointed pole' and χαράσσω `sharpen, engrave etc.', REG 107 (1994) 686-693. Fur. 130 rejects the IE comparison (see Mayrhofer Wb. 1, 170, who points to Dravidian origin). The comparison with κάρκαροι points rather to Pre-Greek origin; Fur. refers to Urart. ḥarḥar `heap of stones, Arm. karkar̄ `slippery rock'.Page in Frisk: 1,796Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρχαρος
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68 καυλός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `shaft, stalk, quillpart of a feather' (Il.; on the botan. a. anatom. meaning Strömberg Theophrastea 95ff. und 49).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e. g. μονό-καυλος (Thphr.; Strömberg 104f.), rarely as 1. member, a. o. in καυλο-κινάρα `the shaft of the artichoke' (Gp.; s. Strömberg Wortstudien 7).Derivatives: Two diminut.: καυλίον (Arist.), καυλίσκος (J., D. S., Dsc.); καυλεῖον = καυλός (Nic.; after ἀγγεῖον a. o.); καυλίας `sap of the shaft' (Thphr.; as ῥιζίας `root-sap', cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 91, Chantraine Formation 94f.); καυλίνης fish-name = χλωρὸς κωβιός (Diph. Siph. ap. Ath. 8, 355c; after the colour, Strömberg Fischnamen 26; formation like Αἰσχίνης); καυλικός, καυλώδης `stem-like' (Thphr.), καύλινος `consisting of a shaft' (Luc.), καυλωτός `with a stem' (Eudem. Phil. IVa; as αὑλωτός etc.); καυληδόν `shaft for shaft' (Opp.). Denomin. verb καυλίζομαι `have a shaft' (Ar. Fr. 404). δικαυλέω `have two shafts', ἐκκαυλέω `grow out in one shaft' with ἐκκαύλησις, - ημα, ἐκκαυλίζω `remove the shaft' (Thphr.) from virtual *δι-καυλος, *ἔκ-καυλος etc. and ( καυλέω only Suid.).Etymology: Old inherited word, also in Latin and in Baltic: Lat. caulis m. `shaft' (i-stem sec., s. Leumann Lat. Gramm. 232); Lith. káulas `bone, cube', Latv. kaũls `id.', also `shaft', Pruss. caulan `bone'; derived MIr. cuaille `pole' (\< *kaulīni̯o-). Not to Skt. kulyā́ `ditch, canal' and Germ. word for `hollow, hohl', ONord. holr, Goth. us-hulōn `hollow out'. See W.-Hofmann s. caulis and Fraenkel s. káulas.Page in Frisk: 1,802-803Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καυλός
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69 κέρκουρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `light, orig. Cyprian vessel' (Hdt., hell.), also name of a sea-fish (Opp.; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 48).Compounds: Compp. ταυρο-κέρκουρος, κερκουρο-σκάφη name of diff. vessels (hell., pap.).Derivatives: Dim. κερκούριον (AP 5, 43; as f. PN); κερκουρίτης `sailor of a κ.' (hell., pap.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 43).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Prop. as bahuvrihi `with a κέρκος-like back', unless folketymological adaptation of a foreign word. Semitic hypothesis by Movers in Lewy Fremdw. 152. See Chantraine Étrennes Benveniste 13f. - Lat. LW [loanword] cercūrus as fish-name (Ov., Plin.).Page in Frisk: 1,831Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέρκουρος
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70 κεφαλή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `head', also metaph. `the uppermost, most extreme, source etc.' (Il.).Compounds: several compp., e. g. κεφαλ-αλγ-ία `headache' (Hp.), through dissimilation - αργία (Luc.); βου-κέφαλος `with cow-head' (Ar.); also as plant-name (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54); as PN Βου-κεφάλᾱς m. the personal horse of Alexander the Great (Str., Plu.; on the formation Schwyzer 451).Derivatives: Diminut. κεφάλιον (Att. inscr.), - ίδιον (Poll., pap.), κεφαλίς f. `bulb of an onion, toe-cap of a shoe, capital of a column etc.' (Arist.), κεφαλὶς βιβλίου `book-roll' (LXX); - κεφάλαιον n. `the main thing, -point, -sum, capital' (Pi., att.; rarely adj. κεφάλαιος [Ar. Ra. 854, PMasp. 151, 16, VIp]) with κεφαλαιώδης, adv. - ωδῶς `regarding the main point' (Hp., Arist., hell.) and the denominative κεφαλαιόω `(summarize the main points) ' (Att.), from where κεφαλαίωμα `total sum' (Hdt. 3, 159), - αίωσις `summary' (Sch.), - αιωτής = lat. capitularius with - τία (pap. Rom. Emp.); - κεφαλαία f. `chronic headache' (medic.); - κεφαλώδης `head-like' (Thphr.), κεφαλικός `belonging to the head, to life, capitalis' (pap., Dsc.); - κεφαλίτης λίθος `corner-stone' (H.), κεφαλίτης γλήχων prob. `Mentha aquatica' (Hippiatr.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 73); κεφαλίνη `root of the tongue' (Poll.); κεφαλῖνος fishname = βλεψίας (Dorio ap. Ath.; Strömberg Fischnamen 41), also κέφαλος `Mugil cephalus' (Hp., Com., Arist.; extens. Thompson Fishes s. v.; diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 75: 2, 54f. [: to Skt. śaphara-, Lith. šãpalas `Cyprinus']); - κεφάλωμα `sum' (Messen., Delph.; after ἀνάλωμα, Bechtel Dial. 2, 156; cf. also κεφαλαίωμα above); κεφαλωτός `with a head' (Arist., hell.), as plant-name `Thymian' (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 50), - ωτόν (sc. πράσον) `onion' (pap.); - κεφαληδόν `per head' (Priene IVa). - Denomin. κ]εφαλίζω `behead' ( BGU 1, 341, 9); in other meaning κεφαλισμός `table of multiplication' (Arist.); κεφαλόω in κεκεφαλωμένος `provided with a head' (Arist.-comm.); κεφαλιόω in ἐκεφαλίωσαν (Ev. Mark. 12, 4), meaning unclear `beat the head' or `behead'?, s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s. v. (wrong Pernot Neophilol. 26, 310ff.). - Further the hypostases προσ- (Dor. ποτι-), ὑπο-κεφάλαιον `(head)cushion' (IA.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 517), ἀποκεφαλίζω `behead' (LXX, Phld.) with - ισμός, ισμα, - ιστής.Etymology: Old word for `head', found also in Tocharian and Germanic: Toch. A śpāl `head' (final unclear), OHG gebal m., MHG. gebel `skull', OHG gibilla f. `id.' (Germ. i̯ō-deriv); besides in the sense of `front' OHG gibil m., Goth. gibla m. (n-stem) and, with ablaut, ONo. gafl m. `side of a facade'; IE. * ghebh(e)l-, which looks like an l-stem; but a corresponding basis has nowhere been found. - Here also γαβαλάν ἐγκέφαλον η κεφαλήν H. and Maced. (Illyr.?) κεβ(α)λή; s. κεβλη. The Greek -α is difficult. S. Benveniste, Word 10 (1954) 255f.Page in Frisk: 1,835-836Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεφαλή
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71 κηρός (2)
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `wax' (Od.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. in κηρό-δε-τος `with wax fitted together' (Theoc. a. o.), κηρο-πλάσ-της `wax-sculptor' (Pl.), κηρο-τακ-ίς f. "hot plate", (to keep wax paints hot) ( PHolm. 6, 33; cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.); as 2. member e. g. in πισσό-κηρος m. `propolis, a mix of resin and wax, with which bees line their hives, bee-bread' (Arist., Plin.; beside it κηρό-πισσος `ointment from wax and resin' [Hp.], cf. Risch IF 59, 58), μελί-κηρος `bee-wax' (pap.); beside it: μελι-κήρ-ιον `honeycomb' (Sm.), μελι-κηρ-ίς `id.', metaph. `cyst or wen' (which resembles a honeycomb) (Hp., pap.), μελί-κηρᾰ f. `spawn of the murex' (Arist.).Derivatives: 1. κηρίον `wax-cake, honeycomb' (IA. h. Merc. 559; Zumbach Neuerungen 11) with κηρίδιον (Aët.), κηριώδης `honeycomb-like' (Thphr.), κηρίωμα `tearing eyes' (S. Fr. 715), κηριάζω `spawn', of the purple (snail), as its spawn resembles a honeycomb (Arist.). - 2. κήρινος `of wax' (Alcm., Att.) with κηρίνη (sc. ἔμπλαστρος) name of a plaster (medic.); 3. κήρινθος m. `bee-bread' (Arist., Plin., H.; on the identical GN s. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 251); 4. κηρίων, - ωνος `wax-candle, -torch' (Plu., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 165, Schwyzer 487); 5. κηρών, - ῶνος `bee-hive' (sch.); 6. κηρίς fish-name = κιρρίς? (Diph. Siph., Alex. Trall.; s. κιρρός), prob. after the yellow colour; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 20f., Thompson Fishes s. v.; 7. κηρῖτις ( λίθος) `wax-like stone' (Plin. HN 37, 153: "cerae similis"; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); 8. *κηροῦσσα in Lat. cērussa `white-lead' ( Plaut.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. and Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 94f.). - Denominative verbs: 1. κηρόομαι, - όω `be covered with wax resp. cover' (Hp., Herod., AP) with κήρωσις `bee-wax' (Arist.); κήρωμα `wax-ointment, -plaster' (Hp.; cf. Chantraine Formation 186f., Lat. cērōma), - ματικός, - ματίτης, - ματιστής (Redard 47); κηρωτή `id.' (Hp., Ar., Dsc.) with κηρωτάριον `id.' (medic.); 2. κηρίζω `look like wax' (Zos. Alch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The connexion by Curtius 149 with a Baltic word for `honeycomb', Lith. korỹs, Latv. kâre(s), is rejected or doubted by several scholars (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 18ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. korỹs, Specht Ursprung 52). As a Dor. *κᾱρός cannot be shown (Osthoff l. c.) and as borrowing of IA. κηρός in another language cannot be demonstrated, the comparison seems impossible (Lith. has IE.ā, the Greek form ē). As further for the Indoeuropeans bee-culture can hardly be expected (on IE. names for the products of bees s. on μέλι and μέθυ), one must reckon for κηρός with foreign origin (cf. Haupt Actes du 16éme congr. des orientalistes [1912] 84f., Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 140f., Chantraine Formation 371, Deroy Glotta 35, 190, Alessio Studi etr. 19, 161ff., Belardi Doxa 3, 210). - From κηρός prob. as LW [loanword] Lat. cēra (-a after tabella, crēta; details in W.-Hofmann s. v.); from Lat. cēreolus Gr. κηρίολος `wax-candle' (Ephesos IIp). The word κήρινθος `bee-bread' seems Pre-Greek. Wrong Huld in EIEC 637Page in Frisk: 1,843-844Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηρός (2)
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72 κίγκλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `dabchick', after H. `ὄρνεον πυκνῶς την οὑρὰν κινοῦν' (Com., Arist.; details in Thompson Birds s. v.); also as name of a fish ( κίγκαλος, Numen. ap. Ath. 7, 326a), after the colour?; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 116.Compounds: As 1. member in κιγκλο-βάτᾱς `going like a dabchick' ( ῥυθμός, Ar. Fr. 140). - From it κιγκλίζω prop. "move like a d.", prob. with regard to the tail (cf. H. s. κίγκλος: κιγκλίζειν, ὅ ἐστι διασείεσθαι), `change constantly' (Thgn. 303; cf. on κιγκλίς), also with δια- (trans., Hp., Ar.) and ποτι- (midd., Theoc. 5, 117);Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The variation ( κί(γ)χλος, κίγκαλος, κέγκλος etc.) point to a popular name. No convincing explanation. Not with Fritzsche Curtius' Stud. 6, 315f. as *κέγκλος (with ε \> ι before nasal; Schwyzer 275) to Skt. cañcala- `movable, uncertain', as this word rather come from * cal-cal-a- (with dissimilation) and belongs to cálati = cárati `move' (s. πέλομαι), which cannot be combined with *κέγκλος \> κίγκλος. - The prenasalization shows that the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,849Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κίγκλος
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73 κιθάρα
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: Ion. - ρηCompounds: Compp., e. g. κιθαρο-αοιδός (Com.), usually contracted κιθαρῳδός (IA.) `lyre-singer' with κιθαρῳδέω etc., ἀ-κίθαρις `withou l.' (A.).Derivatives: κίθαρος m. 1. `thorax' (Hp. Loc. Hom.; after the form); 2. name of a flatfish (Com., Arist.; after the form) with κιθάριον (Ptol. Euerg.); also κιθαρῳδός name of a fish in the Red Sea (Ael.; after the painting of the colours; Thompson Fishes s. v., Strömberg Fischnamen 38). - Denomin. verb κιθαρίζω `play the lyre', also of string-instruments in gen. and of the accompanying songs (Il.; Schwyzer 736; on the meaning E. Diehl RhM N. F. 89, 96f.) with several derivv.: κιθαριστύς f. (Il.), κιθάρισις (Pl.), - ισμός (Call.) `playing the l., the art of...'; attempt at semantic differentiation in Benveniste Noms d'agent 69, s. also Porzig Satzinhalte 181; κιθάρισμα `piece of music for the l.' (Pl.); κιθαριστής `l.-player etc.' (h. Hom. 25, 3, Hes.) with - ίστρια (Arist.), also - ιστρίς (Nic. Dam.), - ιστικός (Pl.), - ιστήριος (hell.) `belonging to the playing of...'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Pre-Greek. Wrong explanations from IE. and Semit. in Bq.Page in Frisk: 1,850-851Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κιθάρα
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74 κιλλός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `grey' (Eub. 103, Phot., H., Eust.).Compounds: as 1. member, e. g. κιλλ-ακτήρ ὀνηλάτης, κυνηγός (Poll., H.; Dor.), Κιλλ-άκτωρ PN (AP 5, 28; 44). As 2. member in Maced. Έπό-κιλλος (s. on ἵππος)?Derivatives: With accent-shift κίλλος m. `ass' (cf. Fr. grison; Sammelb. 5224, Poll. 7, 56, H.), metaph.. `cicada' (H.; after the colour, cf. Strömberg Wortstudien 11, Fischnamen 100, Gil Fernandez, Nomres de insectos 100). Deriv. κίλλιος `ass-coloured, ὀνάγρινος' (Poll.), prob. also κιλ\<λ\> ίας στρουθὸς ἄρσην H. - S. κίλλ(ο)υρος.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: For the stem-vowel cf. πιλνός `grey' beside πελιός `id.'. κιλλός acc. to Persson Beitr. 1, 169 to κελαινός (s. v.)? The geminate λλ: from λν (Persson), from λνι̯ (WP. 1, 440), from λι̯ (Güntert Idg. Ablautprobl. 26), short. form (WP. l. c.). - Diff. Prellwitz Wb. - Skt. cillī `cricket' (gramm.) is prob onomatop., s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v. - So no etym; is the word Pre-Greek? - On Κιλλι-κύριοι s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,852-853Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κιλλός
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75 κίσσα 1
κίσσα 1.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `jay, Garrulus glandarius', also `magpie, Pica caudata' (Ar.; see Thompson Birds s. v.); also = ἰχθῦς ποιός H. (on the motivation of the name Strömberg Fischnamen 115).Other forms: Att. κίττα OKKDerivatives: Davon κισσαβίζω (- ττ-) `cry like a jay' (Poll.; cf. τιττυβίζω a. o.), also κισσάω, s. on 2. κίσσα.Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: Cf. νῆσσα and other animal names (Chantraine Formation 98), so from *κικ-ι̯ᾰ, onomatopoet. after the sound of the bird like Skt. kiki- (lex.), kikidīví- m. (RV. 10, 97, 13, TS.) `the blue wood-magpie', Germ., e. g. OE. higora `magpie'. - If inherited words with a common origin, Skt. kikidīví-, as opposed to the Germanic words, did not partake in the regular sound developments (palatalization k \> c). See Bq, Pok. 598, Mayrhofer s. v.; further Schwentner KZ 69, 246f. (on onomatop. kiki-) and Fraenkel KZ 72, 178ff.Page in Frisk: 1,859Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κίσσα 1
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76 κίχλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `thrush'; also name of a fish, a kind of wrasse (χ 468, Epich., Arist.; because he changes colour with the seasons like the thrush; Strömberg Fischnamen 116).Other forms: younger κίχλᾰ (Alex. Trall., Gp.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 260), Dor. κιχήλα (Epich. 157, Ar. Nu. 339). Cf. ἴχλα κίχλα H. and ἴσκλαι = κίχλαι H.Derivatives: κιχλίζω `giggle, laugh' (Ar., Theoc., Herod.) with κιχλισμός; κιχλιδ-ιάω `want to giggle' (Com. Adesp. 1038; not quite certain).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Popular redupl. formation, but unclear (hardly to χελιδών (s. v.). A side form is ἴχλα (H.). See Thompson Birds s. v. (also on the diff. names of the bird). - Fur. 130 on κιχήλα. The variants point to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,862Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κίχλη
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77 κνάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `card, comb, full (cloth)' as thechnical term, also metaph. `mangle, tear' in gen. (IA)Other forms: rarely κνάμπτω, cf. γνάμπτω and Güntert Reimwortbildungen 115f.), young Att., hell., also Ion. γνάπτω,Derivatives: Young Att. γν- for κν- (here not noted): κνάφος m. `teasel of the fuller', also `bur(r), folter-instrument' (Hdt., Hp., Com.) with κναφεύς `fuller' (IA.), also as fish-name (Dorio; on the motive Strömberg Fischnamen 93); κναφεῖον, -ήϊον `fuller's shop' (IA.), κναφευτική ( τέχνη) `art of fulling' (Pl.), κναφεύω `full' (Ar.) and, as late feminine formation, κνάφισσα `fuller-ess' (pap.; Chantraine Formation 110); κναφικός `belonging to fulling' (Dsc., pap.). - γνάψις `fulling' (Pl.), γνάπτωρ = κναφεύς (Man.). - γνάφαλλον `flocken, cushion of wool' (pap. a. ostr.) with γναφαλ(λ)ώδης `γ.-like', γναφάλλιον, - αλλίς plant-name, `Diotis maritima' (Dsc., Plin.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 105); also κνέφαλλον `cushion' (com., E.; vv. ll. κναφ-, γναφ-) and γνόφαλλον (Alc. Ζ 14, 8; beside μόλθακον). - Verbal adj.: ἄ-γναπτος (Pl. com., Plu.) and ἄ-γναφος (NT, pap.) `unfulled, new', ἐπί-γναφος (: ἐπι-γνάπτω) `fulled again', of clothes (Poll.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Cf. κναίω, κνῆν, κνίζω, κνύω (s. vv.) with ending as in ῥάπτω, σκάπτω, ἅπτω etc.; κνάφος as ῥαφή etc. The forms with γν- cannot be explained as Greek, so they point to Pre-Greek; cf. Schwyzer 414 (who unconvincingly takes κνάπτω as assimilated from γνάπτω. Note the typical ο for α in γνόφαλλον bei Alc. ( κνέφαλλον cannot be old ablaut (cf. Persson Beitr. 1, 139f., Schwyzer 343). - As non-Greek cognate one cites a Celtic word for `fleece', e. g. Welsh cnaif (s. Vendryes WuS 12, 243); other forms in Germanic and Baltic are semantically further off, e. g. OWNo. * hnafa, pret. hnof `cut off' (with gemination hneppa `pinch, press'), Lith. knabénti `pick in, off', s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. knablỹs. The variation κ\/γ, α\/ο shows quite clearly Pre-Greek origin. (Not in Fur.) S. further κνήφη and κνώψ.Page in Frisk: 1,881-882Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνάπτω
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78 κόκκῡ
κόκκῡGrammatical information: interj.Meaning: cry of the cuckoo; also as cry in gen. (Ar.).Compounds: As 1. member in κοκκυ-βόας ὄρνις name of the cock (S. Fr. 791; codd. Eust. κοκκο- after the ο-stems; correct?).Derivatives: κοκκύζω of the call of the cuckoo and of the cock (Hes.; cf. Fraenkel Glotta 4, 34) with κοκκυσμός `shrill cry' (Nicom. Math.), κοκκυστής `cry-er' (Timo); κόκκυξ, -ῡγος m. `cuckoo' (Hes., - υγος nom. Alc.), also metaph., a. o. as name of a fish (Hp., Arist.), a fig (Nic.); s. Strömberg Fischnamen 116, resp. Pflanzennamen 73. From κόκκυξ: Κοκκύγιον name of a mountain (Paus.); κοκκυγία ἀνεμώνη. Κροτωνιᾶται H. ("cuckooflower"; Strömberg l. c.); κοκκυγέα a tree, `Rhus Cotinus' (Plin.; coni. in Thphr. HP 3, 16, 6). With labial the PN Κόκκυψ, Κοκκουβίας (Boeoot.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 262f.). Here also κόκκυς λόφος (i. e. `cock's comb') H.? (non-IE. after Alessio Studi etr. 18, 125 and Hubschmid 3me Congr. intern. de topon. 2, 186f..Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably], ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: On κοκκύμηλον s. v. Prob. dissim. from kuku (Schwyzer 258 a. 423). Onomatopoetic like Skt. kokilá- `cucko', kukkuṭá- `cock', Lat. cucūlus, NHG Kuckuck etc.; Pok. 627, W.-Hofmann s. cucūlus. On κόκκυξ Thompson Birds s. v. The word could well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,895-896Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόκκῡ
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79 κόλλουρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of `an unknown fish' (Marc. Sid. 22)Derivatives: κολλουρίς `marsh-mallow' (Gloss.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Strömberg Fischnamen 48 proposes: for *κόλ-ουρος `with stump tail' with expressive gemination; after the fish the mallow would have been called as marsh-plant (ibd. 25) [?]. J. André, RPh 45 (1971) 216f, separates κολλουρίς from the fish and and connects it with κολλ(ο)ύρα `small, round flat bread' given the similarity of the fruit of the mallow with a cake. Prob. Pre-Greek, seen κολλ- and - ουρ(ος).Page in Frisk: 1,899Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόλλουρος
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80 κόραξ
κόραξ, - ακοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `raven' (Thgn., Pi.; Κόρακος πέτρη "raven-rock" ν 408), often metaph. `hook, grappling-iron, door-hook etc.' (hell.); also as fish-name (Diph. Siph.; s. below) and as name of a constellation (Eudox.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 191).Derivatives: Some fish- and plant-names (because of the colour and the voice, resp. because of the abode; Strömberg Fischnamen 114f., Pflanzennamen 119): diminut. κοράκιον `small hook' (pap.), plant = ἱεράκιον (Arist.), κορακίσκος (Gloss.), κορακῖνος m. `young raven' (Ar.), usu. fish-name, `Sciaena nigra' (Epich., Ar., Arist.) with f. κορακινίς (Gp.), dimin. - ινίδιον (Com., pap.); Lat. LW [loanword] coracīnus \> Ital. coracino etc.; κορακίας m. `chough, Pyrrhocorax alpinus' (Arist., H.), Κορακιαί pl. GN in Delos (inscr. IIIa; with oppositive accent); κορακεύς εἶδος ἰχθύος H. (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 85); κοράκεως m. = κορώνεως `fig-tree with raven-black fruits' (Hermipp. 51; cf. on ἐρινεώς s. ἐρινεός); κορακησία plant-name (Pythag. ap. Plin.), Κορακήσιον GN (Pamphylia) with - ήσιος, - ησιωτικός (Pap. IIIa); on - ήσιος Chantraine Formation 42, Schwyzer 466; κορακώδης `ravenlike' (Arist.), κοραξός `raven-black' (Str.), κόραξος fish-name (Xenokr.) with σο-suffix (Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434); ( κατα-)κορακόω `lock (with a door-hook)' ( Mon. Ant.), κοράξαι ἄγαν προσλιπαρῆσαι. πεποίηται παρὰ τοὺς κόρακας H., prob. prop. `hook oneself on'; as backformation κόρακος m. `plaster' (Paul. Aeg.)? - σκορακίζω prop. "wish to go to the raven ( ἐς κόρακας)", `drive away, revile' (Att., hell.) with σκορακισμός `revilement, curse' (LXX, Plu.); cf. Schwyzer 413. - Extension on κόραξ, κορακίας, κορακῖνος Thompson Birds and Fishes s. vv.Etymology: Onomatopoetic word in - αξ, cognate with the diff. formed Lat. corvus `raven', Gr. κορώνη, Lat. cornīx `crow', Gr. κόραφος bird-name (H.). In - α-ξ one assumes since Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 494f. because of cor-n-īx, κορ-ών-η a sonantic -n̥-(but - ακ- is productive in Greek). - More forms in Pok. 567ff., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. cornīx. Cf. κορώνη, also κορκορυγή; κράζω and κρώζω.Page in Frisk: 1,917Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόραξ
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