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61 ἀκόνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `whetstone' (Pi.).Derivatives: ἀκόνιον name of a medicine for the eye (Dsc.), ἀκονίας fish name (Numen. ap. Ath. 17, 326a).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [18] *h₂eḱ-Etymology: Formation in - όνη like περόνη, βελόνη etc. (Chantr. Form. 207) with ἀκ- as in ἀκή, ἀκμή etc. For the n-Suffix cf. ἄκων.Page in Frisk: 1,55Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀκόνη
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62 ἀκούω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `hear', also `obey, be called' (Il.)Compounds: νηκουστέω \< *n̥-h₂k-.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [587] * h₂keus-Etymology: The explanation as *ἀκ-ουσ-ι̯ω `scharfes Ohr hinhalten', with ἀκ- and οὖς has now rightly been generally abandoned. - To Goth. hausjan `hear' as * h₂kous-. ἀκούω from *ἀκουσ-yω, a desid.? (cf. ἀκουστός, ἤκουσμαι). The primary verb in ἀκεύει.See also: κοέωPage in Frisk: 1,57-58Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀκούω
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63 ἀκρᾱχολος
ἀκρᾱ́χολοςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `raging passionately' (Ar.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [582] *ḱerh₂- `mix'Etymology: Lit. "with unmixed bile", from *ἀκρά̄τ-χολος, with *ἀκρά̄ς = ἄκρᾱτος, cf. ἀκρητό-χολος (Hp.) and εὑκρά̄ς = εὔκρᾱτος `well-mixed'. Later (Arist.) changed in ἀκρόχολος. Brugmann IF 17, 174ff. assumes the same first element in ἀκρήπεδος ἡ ἀγαθή (scil. γῆ) H. S. κεράννυμι.Page in Frisk: 1,58Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀκρᾱχολος
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64 ἀκροάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `hearken, obey' (X.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] GR [a formation built with Greek elements].Etymology: Generally derived from ἄκρος and οὖς, from ἄκρον οὖς, i.e. `prick up ears', Frisk GHÅ 56: 3, 21, but cf. Szemerényi, Stud. Myc. 3, 69ff. Phonetically difficult.Page in Frisk: 1,59Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀκροάομαι
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65 ἄκρος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `at the farthest point, topmost, outermost' (Il.). Old ἄκρα f., ἄκρον n. `highest or farthest point, headland, cape'; Hom. κατ' ἄκρης ( πόλιος) `from the highest point down' hence `completely, utterly', also κατ' ἄκρηθεν (which became κατὰ κρῆθεν through association with κάρα), s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56ff.Compounds: ἀκρόπολις (Od.; the Iliad still has ἄκρη πόλις, Frisk IF 52, 282ff., Risch IF 59, 20); ἀκραής often interpreted as `blowing vehemently', but prob. orig.`blowing on\/from the heights'.Derivatives: ἄκρις, - ιος f. `hill-top, mountain peak' (Od.), always pl.; s. on ὄκρις. ἀκραῖος `dwelling on heights'.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [18] *h₂eḱ- `sharp, pointed; stone (?)'Etymology: The root *h₂eḱ- is widespread in IE, and ther are several r-derivatives: Skt. áśri- f. `corner, sharp side', catur-aśra- `quadrangular', Lat. ācer, - ris, -re (with unexplained length), W. PN Aχrotalus `with high forehead', OIr. ér `high', OLith. aštras, OCS ostrъ `sharp'. (For akro- in Illyrian s. Krahe Pannonia 1937, 310 n. 40, Karg WuS NF. 4, 183.) - Heth. ḫekur `rock(point)' is unrelated. - See further ἀκη, ἀκμή and ὄκρις. Connection with the root *h₂eḱ- was often unjustly assumed by modern scholarship, see e.g. ἀκαλήφη, ἀκόστη, ἄκορνα, ἀκριβής.Page in Frisk: 1,59-60Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄκρος
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66 ἀκωκή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `point of a lance, sword' (Il.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [18] *h₂eḱ- `sharp'Etymology: Reduplicated formation of unknown structure (*h₂(e)ḱ-h₂ōḱ-? hardly *h₂ḱ-o-h₂ḱ-) of the root *h₂eḱ- `sharp'; see ἀκή.Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀκωκή
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67 ἄκων
ἄκων, - οντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `javelin, dart' (Il.).Derivatives: ἀκοντίας m. `kind of snake', `meteor' (for its rapidity; Nic.), ἀκοντίλος m. = ἀκοντίας (H.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [18] *h₂eḱ- `sharp'Etymology: ἄκων is considered an n-derivative of the root in ἀκ-ή etc. But there is no proof for this, as ἄκαινα (q.v.) must not be a derivation of the stem of ἄκων. - From other languages cf.: Skt. aśáni- `point of an arrow', Lat. agna `ear (of corn)', Germ., e.g. Goth. ahana `chaff', ON ǫgn, pl. agnar id.Page in Frisk: 1,62Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄκων
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68 ἀλάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wander, roam; be banished' (Il.).Other forms: aor. ἀλήθην (Hom.), pf. ἀλάλησθαι, ἀλαλήμενος (Hom.) with present meaning, cf. the accent, s. Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 117f., Chantr. Gr. Hom. 190. Late is ἀλαίνω (s. Schwyzer 733).Derivatives: ἄλη (Od.); ἀλήτης m.`wanderer, rover; vagrant' (Od.); ἀλήμων `roving' (Od.). On ἀλήτωρ ἱερεύς Masson, Rev. de phil. 3. sér. 37, 1963, 214-218.Etymology: ἀλάομαι is an old intensive in - άομαι, which can be compared with Latv. aluôt `wander about'. Further perhaps to Lat. ambulo.Page in Frisk: 1,63-64Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλάομαι
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69 ἀλδαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `make grow, strengthen' (A.)Derivatives: ἀλδήσκω `grow' (Ψ 599), trans. (Theoc.).Etymology: ἀλδαίνω, ἤλδανε and ἀλδήσκω replace an unattested verb with - δ- from the root of ἄναλτος (q.v.); s. Schwyzer 702: c α + Nachtr. Cf. ἀλθαίνω. Lat. alō, Goth. alan `grow up'.Page in Frisk: 1,65Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλδαίνω
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70 ἀλέα 1
ἀλέα 1.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `warmth', spec. of the sun (Hom.).Compounds: ἐπαλής s. s.v.Derivatives: ἁλυκρός `lukewarm' (Nic.), after θαλυκρός (or from fals split θ' ἁλυκρός?). Cf. ἀλυκτρόν εὔδινον H.; ἀλεόν θερμὸν η χλιαρόν H.; ἀλεής (S. Ph. 859; not ἀδεής with Reiske). - Denom. verb: ἀλεαίνω `warm (oneself)' (Hp.), in Attic aspirated acc. to Eust. 1636: ἁλ-.Etymology: With suffix - έα (Chantr. Form. 91) from the verb seen in Germanic and Baltic: OE swelan `burn slowly', NHG schwelen, Lith. svìlti `singe' (intr.). So *hϜαλ- \< *su̯l̥H-. S. εἵλη. - Rejected by Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 653, who connects MIr. allas `sweat' [?] and Hitt. alliyanzi `they get warm'; also Lat. adoleo.Page in Frisk: 1,65-66Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλέα 1
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71 ἀλέγω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `have care, mind, heed' (Il.).Other forms: pres. only; mostly with negation.Compounds: δυσ-ηλεγής orig. `who does not care, pityless', sec. associated with ἄλγος (Hom.); ἀν-ηλεγής id (Q. S.), to be read for Hom. τανηλεγής (Bechtel Herm. 39, 155f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 45; cf. ἀνηλεγές· ἀφρόντιστον; prob. for older *νηλεγης \< *n̥-h₂leg-.Etymology: No etym., but the structure of the word suggests IE origin, as indicated. Identity with ἄλγος is semant. improbable. De Lamberterie (EG 2, 150) defends the connection with λέγω; unacceptable since the laryngeal theory.Page in Frisk: 1,66-67Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλέγω
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72 ἀλείτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `sinner' (Il.)Compounds: From the stem of the aorist ἀλιτό-ξενος `sinning against a guest' (Pi.), with metrical lengthening e. g. ἠλιτό-μηνος `missing the right month', i. e. `untimely born' (Il.). νηλείτιδες Od. to be read *νηλείτεες (Beekes, Lar. 108f, 289), cf. νηλείτης Antim. 177W; νηλείτης· ἀναμάρτητος LSJ Supp.; νηλιτέες· ἀναμάρτητοι, ἀναίτιοι, [ ἄχρηστοι] H. with νη- \< *n̥-h₂leit- (from * h₂leit-os n.?)Derivatives: With ablaut: ἀλοίτης `criminal' (Emp.); ἀλοιταί κοιναί, ἁμαρτωλαί, ποιναί H. ἀλοιτήεσσαν κοινήν, ἄνανδρον EM. - With zero grade: aor. ἤλιτον, pres. (sec.) ἀλιταίνω, `offend against, transgress' (Hom.). From ἀλιτεῖν: ἀλιτήμων `criminal' but also `cursed' (Il.). Further ἀλιτρός `sinner, rogue', also adj. (Hom.).Etymology: On the relation of the Greek forms s. Tichy, Glotta 55 (1977)160ff. The only cognate proposed is OHG leid, NHG Leid (* laiÞa-) `injustice'. The ablaut suggests an old IE form.Page in Frisk: 1,67Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλείτης
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73 ἀλείφω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `anoint with oil' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. enaripoto \/ enaliptos\/; arepate \/ aleiphatei\/; arepazoo \/ aleiphzoos\/ `boiler (ζέω) of unguent'.Derivatives: ἄλειφαρ, - ατος `unguent, anoiting-oil' (Il.) and ἄλειφα n. (\> Lat. adeps). ἀλοιφή `anointing, grease' (-α from *-n̥t?, Szemerényi Studi Mic. 2, 1967, 23 n. 64).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [00] * h₂leibʰ-Etymology: Generally connected with λίπος (q. v.), but this is impossible since the α- can no longer be a prothesis, and because of the -p- and because its meaning, `fat', is quite different. Connection with ἀλίνω is formally ( h₂lei(bʰ)-) and semantically easy. S. s.v. (improbable suggestions Szemerényi Gnomon 42 (1971) 653.) Semantically comparable with Skt. limpáti `smear, stick, adhere', but Gr. - φ- makes this impossible (s. λίπος); Goth. bileiban etc.? Cf. Pok. 670 leip-.Page in Frisk: 1,67-68Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλείφω
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74 ἀλέξω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `ward off, defend' (Il.).Compounds: As first member ἀλεξ(ι-), e.g. in ἀλεξί-κακος (Hom.); also Άλέξανδρος, from which comes the Hittite rendering Alakšanduš (Kretschmer Glotta 13, 205ff., 21, 244ff., 24, 242ff., 33, 22f.); Sommer's view that it is in origin Anatolian (IF 55, 187ff., Nominalkomp., esp. 186ff., is now abandoned).Derivatives: ἀλέκτωρ, from which ἀλεκτρυών is derived (q.v.). - From the stem with - η- (cf. ἀλεξήσω): e.g. ἀλεξητήρ `defender' (Hom.) and ἀλεξήτωρ (S.);Etymology: Beside ἀλεξ- there is the stem ἀλκ-, see ἀλκ-ή. They continue * h₂(e)lk-: * h₂lek-s. On the meanings s. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 78. ἀλέξ- agrees exactly with Skt. rákṣati `protect'.Page in Frisk: 1,69-70Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλέξω
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75 ἀλέομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `avoid, shun, flee' (Il.).Derivatives: ἀλέα `avoiding, escape, shelter' - ἀλεωρή `escape, shelter' (Il.) \< *ἀλεϜ-ωλη (Chantr. Form. 243) or with an r-suffix. Denom. vb. ἀλεείνω from *ἀλεϜ-εν-, from the r\/n-stem ἄλεαρ· ἀλεωρίαν η πολυωρίαν H. (one expects *h₂leu-r̥, gen. * h₂lu-en-s).Etymology: With zero grade ἀλύ-σκω (Hom.). Connection with ἀλύω is very doubtful, because of its deviant meaning (`be distraught, beside oneself'). ἀλάομαι is also far off.Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλέομαι
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76 ἀλέω
Grammatical information: v.Dialectal forms: Myc. uncertain ] artereu[.Derivatives: ἀλέ-ατα `wheat-groats' (inscr. Miletos, VIa) from *ἀλέ-Ϝατα, with metrical lengthening ἀλείατα (Hom.), cf. Schulze Q. 226 and Hdn. 2, 472, 12, who explains ἄλειαρ from ἄλεαρ. Thematized in ἄλευρ-ον, mostly pl. ἄλευρα `flour' (Hdt.). - ἄλητον `flour' (Hp.) with η after ἄμητος or contr. from ἀλεατ-. ἀλήσιον πᾶν τὸ ἀληλεσμένον H., Lacon. ἀληhιον (with s \< t before i!). - ἄλημα n. `flour' (S.). - ὄνος ἀλέτης `grinder (upper millstone)' (Gortyn, X., cf. Schwyzer 499, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 57f.). - ἀλετρίς `woman who grinds corn' (Hom.). - On ἀλετρίβανος m. `pestle' (Ar.) cf. Schwyzer 263, 438. - Lengthened vb. stem ἀλήθω (Hp.; Schwyzer 682). Unclear ἀλίνω = λεπτύνω (Phot. ex S.); cf. ἀλιν[ν]όν ἀμυδρόν H., s. Güntert IF 45, 345.Etymology: ἀλέω is prob. an athematic present *ἀλε- \< * h₂elh₁-. - With *ἄλε-Ϝαρ cf. Arm. alewr `flour', *h₂leh₁-ur̥. The Arm. verb is aɫam. Further cognates in Indo-Iranian, e. g. MInd. (+ Hindi, Bengali) āṭā `flour', NPers. ārd `id.', Av. aša- (\< * arta-) `ground'. - The PIE root * melh₂-, same meaning, cf. μάλευρον.Page in Frisk: 1,70-71Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλέω
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77 ἀληθής
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `true, real' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Dor. ἀλᾱθήςDerivatives: ἀληθείη, -είᾱ and ἀλήθειᾰ (younger, Schwyzer 469) `truth, reality'. - Verb: ἀληθεύω `speak the truth' (S.)Etymology: ἀληθής can be a compound with α privativum and *λῆθος, Dor. λᾶθος, or λήθη, or λήθω, with λαθ- meaning `be hidden, be unknown'. Cf. W. Luther "Wahrheit" und "Lüge". Borna-Leipzig 1935; Frisk GHÅ 41 (1935: 3), 18.Page in Frisk: 1,71Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀληθής
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78 ἁ̄λής
ἁ̄λής (ἀ̄λής)Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `thronged, crowded' (Hdt.).Derivatives: ἁλίη, Dor. ἀλία `assembly of people'. From it Dor. ἀλιαία `id.', Att. ἡλιαία. The ἡ- in Att. ἡλιαία must be false Ionicism of a Dorian loanword (influence of ἥλιος?); s. Ed. Meyer Philol. 48, 187.Etymology: Aeol. ἀολλής has the same meaning; if it is identical, they may go back to *ἁ-Ϝαλνής resp. *ἀ-Ϝολνής, with α copulativum (*sm̥-) and *-ul̥n-. ἀλανέως ὁλοσχερῶς, Ταραντῖνοι H. and αϜλανεως (meaning uncertain, Elis) might also be the same word. A hapax is ἀελλής, Γ 13 (full grade would be regular). One supposes a noun *Ϝέλ-νος `Gedränge, Menge', suffix as in ἔθνος, σμῆνος (Chantr. Form. 420), which would belong to εἴλω, q.v. Cf. ἅλις, ἀολλής.Page in Frisk: 1,71-72Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁ̄λής
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79 ἀ̄λής
ἁ̄λής (ἀ̄λής)Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `thronged, crowded' (Hdt.).Derivatives: ἁλίη, Dor. ἀλία `assembly of people'. From it Dor. ἀλιαία `id.', Att. ἡλιαία. The ἡ- in Att. ἡλιαία must be false Ionicism of a Dorian loanword (influence of ἥλιος?); s. Ed. Meyer Philol. 48, 187.Etymology: Aeol. ἀολλής has the same meaning; if it is identical, they may go back to *ἁ-Ϝαλνής resp. *ἀ-Ϝολνής, with α copulativum (*sm̥-) and *-ul̥n-. ἀλανέως ὁλοσχερῶς, Ταραντῖνοι H. and αϜλανεως (meaning uncertain, Elis) might also be the same word. A hapax is ἀελλής, Γ 13 (full grade would be regular). One supposes a noun *Ϝέλ-νος `Gedränge, Menge', suffix as in ἔθνος, σμῆνος (Chantr. Form. 420), which would belong to εἴλω, q.v. Cf. ἅλις, ἀολλής.Page in Frisk: 1,71-72Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀ̄λής
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80 ἀλθαίνω
ἀλθαίνω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `become whole and sound' (Hp.)Other forms: ἄλθετο (Il.). Fut. ἀλθήσομαι, - σω (Il.). ἀλθεῖν ὑγιάζειν (Hp. ap. Gal. 19, 76). ἄλθα θερμασία η θεραπεία H.; ἄλθος φάρμακον EM; ἀλθεύς ἰατρός H.; ἀλθαίνει αὔξει, θεραπεύει, ὑγιαίνει φάρμακον γὰρ ἄλθος H.Derivatives: The fut. ἀλθέξομαι (Aret.) perh. formed after its opposite πυρέξομαι of πυρέσσω (but Chantr. comments: "l'hypothése reste en l'air"; cf. συναλθάσσομαι; ἄλθεξις. On these forms Van Brock, Vocab. médical 198 - 207 ("capricieuses formations", all late). ἀλθεστήρια `medicine' (Nic.), cf. χαριστήρια, etc. (Chantr. Form. 63f.). - ἀλθαία plant name `marsh mallow', Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 81 (partly incorrect). On Ἄλθηπος, also Ἄλθηφος, Bechtel Hermes 56, 228 and the mythical name Άλθαία, s. below.Etymology: Άλθαίνω is connected with the root in ἄναλτος (q.v.) (Schwyzer 703 β). Cf. ἀλδαίνω. Chantr. notes that the word is originally used of the growth of damaged tissue; he translates ἄλθετο χείρ with "le bras se guérit". - However, the meaning `heal' is not evidently connected with ἀλ- `grow, feed'; the glosses give systematically the meaning `heal' etc.; θεραπεία means also `medical or surgical treatment'; θερμασία is less clear (false reading?); αὔξει also deviates (is it for ἀλδαίνω?). - The name Ἄλθηπ\/ φος is clearly Pre-Greek (cf. the river Αἴσηπος); so may be Άλθαία (the suffix - αια, - εια is also known in Pre-Greek); but we cannot be sure that the names belong to the verb. - An alternative etymology connects Skt. r̥dhnóti `obtain luckily', Rix MSS 27 (1970) 88 and Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 118.Page in Frisk: 1,72Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλθαίνω
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