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81 ἄλιζα
Grammatical information: f.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.XEtymology: Kretschmer Glotta 15, 305f., 22, 104f. compared OHG elira, Goth. * alisa in Span. alisa, Russ. olьxa `alder'; old Germanic place and river name, z. B. Alisa (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 3, 165ff.). This word seems non-IE. (For European substratum words in Greek see Beekes, 2000 [125 J. Idg.] 21ff.) Here also the Thessalian placename Όλιζών. Hatzidakis Glotta 23, 268ff. assumes a loan in Macedonian from a northern language. Hatzidakis supposes that the suffix is the same as in ρίζα, φύζα, κόνυζα. Otherwise Barić and Pisani, s. Mayer Glotta 32, 46f. S. Kalléris, Anc. Mac. 1, 90-94.Page in Frisk: 1,73Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλιζα
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82 ἀλίνειν
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: (cod. - νεῖν) ἀλείφειν H. ἀλῖναι ἐπαλεῖψαι H. ἰν-αλαλισμένα `engraved' (Cyprus). καταλῖναι. καταλεῖψαι H. is now confirmed by an inscr. from Selinous, RPh 69, 1995, 128, l. 16.Derivatives: Verbal noun ἄλινσις τοῠ ἐργαστηρίου (Epid.).Etymology: ἀλίνω prob. \< *ἀλιν-ι̯ω will be cognate with Lat. lĭno `besmear, rub', orig. an n-present (perf. lēvi)?; root ἀλι- \< * h₂li-. One would like to reconstruct * h₂li-n-H-, but Lat. litus has short i (after linō? LIV 247f.). The same root as in ἀλείφω.Page in Frisk: 1,73Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλίνειν
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83 ἅλις
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `in crowds; enough' (Il.).Etymology: The form γάλι ἱκανόν H. shows a Ϝ-. Connected with εἴλω `press', ἁλής, ἀολλής (s.s.vv.). It could be an old nominative, but the form γάλι rather suggests that the -s is the adverbial marker as in ἄνις, χωρίς; Skt. bahíḥ).Page in Frisk: 1,74Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅλις
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84 ἁλίσκομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be caught' (Il.).Derivatives: ἅλωσις `capture' (Pi.).Etymology: Aor. ἑά̄λων from *ἠ-Ϝᾰ́λων. The aspiration may have been taken from αἱρεῖν, ἑλεῖν. - ἁλίσκομαι has the suffix - ισκ-. A root * uelh₃- explains the forms: zero grade * ulh₃- gives *Ϝλω- before consonant (e.g. in 1. 2. pl. aor.) and *Ϝαλ- before consonant (e.g. 3. pl. aor.); contamination then gives *Ϝαλω-. But perhaps better a passive aorist with - η-: * ulh₃-eh₁- \> *Ϝαλω- (Hardarsson Aor. 208; an objection is that the form then must be terribly old). - Perhaps connected with Lat. vello `pluck, tear out', Goth. wilwan `rob, plunder', Arm. goɫanam `steal' (Hitt. walḫ- `strike' is semantically farther off). - Cf. ἀναλίσκω and εἵλωτες.Page in Frisk: 1,74Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁλίσκομαι
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85 ἀλκή 1
ἀλκή 1.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `defence, help' (Il.)Other forms: aor. ἀλαλκεῖν (Hom.); place name ᾽Αλαλκομεναί (or is the resemblance fortuitous ?), Άλαλκομενηίς, epithet of Athena, `from Alalkomenai' (the interpretation `protectress' is prob. secondary). Root noun only in dat. sg. ἄλκ-ι (Hom.); ἄλκαρ `defence'.Page in Frisk: 1,74Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλκή 1
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86 ἄλκη 2
ἄλκη 2.Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `elk' (Paus.)Etymology: Like Lat. alcēs, alcē (Caesar), a loan from Germanic. Cf. ON elgr from PGm. *alʒí-, beside which a form with initial stress, PGm. *álχ-, is supposed on which alcēs and ἄλκη go back. The West-Germanic form has e-: OHG. elahho \> NHG Elch, OE eolh, and has a different stem, PGm. *élχa(n)-. Slavic forms like Russ. losь `elk' suppose PIE *olḱis, which are compared with ON elgr. - One connects the root with a great number of words for animals, e. g. ἔλαφος (q. v.), see Pok. 302, and assumes that the root indicated a colour; what Frisk called "sehr hypothetisch und unwahrscheinlich." - I think that an IE word or root must be doubted; it may well be a loan from a non-IE language.Page in Frisk: 1,75Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλκη 2
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87 ἀλλά
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `but, however' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Cypr. αἶλα.Page in Frisk: 1,75Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλλά
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88 ἀλλάσσω
ἀλλάσσω, - άττωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `change, alter' (Hom.).Other forms: Aor. ἀλλάξαι.Derivatives: ἀλλαγή (cf. ἀλλαγῆναι) `change' (A.); ἀλλάξ ἐνηλλαγμένως H., ἐπ-, παρ-, ἀμφ-αλλάξ (Hp., Th., S., X. usw.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] Gr.Etymology: ἀλλάσσω is derived from ἄλλος, through a stem in a velar ( ἀλλάξ? ἀλλαχοῦ, - χῆ?; direct connection is not probable, however) or with a suffix - άσσω. Cf. Debrunner IF 21, 218f., 227, Schwyzer 725: 4.Page in Frisk: 1,75-76Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλλάσσω
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89 ἀλλήλους
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `each other' (Il.)Etymology: From repeated ἄλλος, *αλλο-αλλο- with the colour of the second (initial) vowel retained. Cf. Lat. alius alium, Skt. anyo'nyam.Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλλήλους
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90 ἅλλομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `spring, leap' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ἀλτο (Hom.) Aeolic form with augment? (Schwyzer 751 with n. 1)Compounds: προαλης (Hom.) `sloping, rushing forward'Derivatives: ἅλμα `jump' (Hom.). ἁλτήρ (Crates Com.) in sports `weights kept in the hands while jumping'.Etymology: From *ἅλ-ιομαι. Identical with Lat. salio (\< *sl̥-i-; * sal- is impossible, as PIE had no phoneme a.). Further perhaps to Skt. ásaram `run, rush' (Narten MSS 26 (1969) 77ff.) Very doubtful OCS slьpati `ἅλλομαι', Slov. slâp (\< * solpo-) `(water)fall, wave'; a root-enlargement -p- is rare in IE. - See on πάλλομαι.Page in Frisk: 1,76Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅλλομαι
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91 ἄλλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `other' (Il.)..Dialectal forms: Cypr. αἶλος.Compounds: ἀλλοπρόσαλλος `unreliable, fickle' from ἄλλο πρὸς ἄλλον λέγων, Bechtel, Lex. ἀλλοφρονέω `give no heed, be senseless' with a special development of ἄλλο- (improbable Aeol. ἆλλος = ἠλεός, Bechtel Lex. ἀλλοφάσσω `to be delirious' (Hp.) with unclear second element.Derivatives: ἀλλοῖος `of another kind, different' (Hom.), after τοῖος, ποῖος, οἷος. - Several adverbs: ἄλλοθεν, ἀλλαχῃ̃ etc. - From an adverb with - τρ- (cf. Skt. anyá-tra `elsewhere') comes ἀλλότριος `alienus, belonging to another' (Il.).Etymology: ἄλλος \< * al-io- as in Lat. alius, Goth. aljis, OIr. aile `other' (Gaul. Allo-broges), Toch. B alye-k, A ālak (depalatalized), Arm. ayl. Beside *ali̯o- there was *ani̯o- in Skt. anyá- `other'; on their relation Debrunner REIE 3, 1ff. - S. ἀλλά, ἀλλάσσω, ἀλλόδαπος, ἀλλήλους; Schwy 446 n. 8, 614.Page in Frisk: 1,76-77Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλλος
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92 ἁλοσύδνη
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: epithet of Thetis Υ 207, the Nereids A. R. 4, 1599, name of a sea-goddess δ 404. Meaning unknown.Dialectal forms: Myc. a₂ro[ ]udopi has been interpreted as \/ halos hudo(t)phi\/.Etymology: Connected with ἅλς and ὕδωρ as "Wave of the sea", s. ὕδωρ. - ὕδναι ἔγγονοι, σύντροφοι and ὕδνης εἰδώς, ἔμπειρος H. can have been extracted from ἁλοσύδνη. The relevance of the Myc. word(s) is unclear. Cf. DELG. - The meaning, though, is not very clear, and the form aCVC-udn- is typically Pre-Greek. Chantraine's Καλυδών, - ύδνα (typically Pre-Greek) is an example; cf. Καλυκαδνος. Schwyzer 475.5 asks whether the nom. was - υδνα, in which case Pre-Greek origin is even more probable.Page in Frisk: 1,77-78Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁλοσύδνη
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93 ἅλς
ἅλς, ἁλόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `salt' (very often pl.) (Il.)Other forms: f. (only sg.) poetical word for the sea (after θάλασσα or as collective?); since Arist. ἅλας, - ατος n. from the acc. pl., Leumann Hom. Wörter 160f.Dialectal forms: Myc. opia₂ra \/ opihala\/ `coastal regions' cf. ἔφαλος. apia₂ro \/ Amphihalos\/, a₂rie perhaps \/haliēn\/ Perpillou Subst. en -eus, 1973, 61 n. 2, 161.Compounds: ἁλί-πλοος, - πόρφυρος (for ἁλ- after the i-stems, not locatival with Schwyzer 476: 5, 1. On ἁλι-μυρήεις s. μύρομαι. ἁλουργός `who exploits a salt-mine' CEG6,Derivatives: ἅλ-μη `sea-water, brine' ( Od.) with ἁλμυρός `salt, briny' (Od.); from *ἁλυρός (cf. ἁλυ-κός), Schwyzer 482: 6; cf. πλημυρίς. - ἅλιος, (-α), - ον `of the sea' (Hom.) - ἁλιεύς `fisher' (Od.) - ἁλυ-κός `salt' (Hp.).Etymology: Old word found in most IE languages: Lat. sāl (secondary lengthening), OIr. salann, Arm. aɫ (i-stem), Latv. sāls, OCS solь (i-stem, secondary beside the consonant-stem in slanъ `salted' \< * solnъ), Toch. B sālyiye, A sāle. A d-enlargement in Goth. salt etc., Arm. aɫt, and in Balt.-Slav., e.g. Lith. sald-ùs `süß', OCS. sladъ-kъ id. Lith. sólymas points to * seh₂l-, other languages require * sh₂-el. This gives an original paradigm nom. *seh₂-(ōl?), acc. sh₂-el-m, gen. * sh₂-l-os. On possible Sanskrit cognates Thieme ZDMG 111 (1961) 94ff.See also: ΆλοσυδνηPage in Frisk: 1,78-79Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅλς
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94 ἁλός
ἅλς, ἁλόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `salt' (very often pl.) (Il.)Other forms: f. (only sg.) poetical word for the sea (after θάλασσα or as collective?); since Arist. ἅλας, - ατος n. from the acc. pl., Leumann Hom. Wörter 160f.Dialectal forms: Myc. opia₂ra \/ opihala\/ `coastal regions' cf. ἔφαλος. apia₂ro \/ Amphihalos\/, a₂rie perhaps \/haliēn\/ Perpillou Subst. en -eus, 1973, 61 n. 2, 161.Compounds: ἁλί-πλοος, - πόρφυρος (for ἁλ- after the i-stems, not locatival with Schwyzer 476: 5, 1. On ἁλι-μυρήεις s. μύρομαι. ἁλουργός `who exploits a salt-mine' CEG6,Derivatives: ἅλ-μη `sea-water, brine' ( Od.) with ἁλμυρός `salt, briny' (Od.); from *ἁλυρός (cf. ἁλυ-κός), Schwyzer 482: 6; cf. πλημυρίς. - ἅλιος, (-α), - ον `of the sea' (Hom.) - ἁλιεύς `fisher' (Od.) - ἁλυ-κός `salt' (Hp.).Etymology: Old word found in most IE languages: Lat. sāl (secondary lengthening), OIr. salann, Arm. aɫ (i-stem), Latv. sāls, OCS solь (i-stem, secondary beside the consonant-stem in slanъ `salted' \< * solnъ), Toch. B sālyiye, A sāle. A d-enlargement in Goth. salt etc., Arm. aɫt, and in Balt.-Slav., e.g. Lith. sald-ùs `süß', OCS. sladъ-kъ id. Lith. sólymas points to * seh₂l-, other languages require * sh₂-el. This gives an original paradigm nom. *seh₂-(ōl?), acc. sh₂-el-m, gen. * sh₂-l-os. On possible Sanskrit cognates Thieme ZDMG 111 (1961) 94ff.See also: ΆλοσυδνηPage in Frisk: 1,78-79Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁλός
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95 ἅλυσις
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `chain', also as womans ornament (Hdt.).Etymology: Originally `winding' from *Ϝάλυ-τις, to Ϝέλυ-τρον, εἰλύω (q. v.) etc. Frisk Eranos 43, 225ff. For the aspiration cf. ἕλιξ.Page in Frisk: 1,80Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅλυσις
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96 ἀλφάνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `earn, fetch' (E.)Compounds: ἀλφεσίβοιος `bringing in (many) oxen' of girls; type τερψίμβροτος, with shortening for *ἀλφησι- as in ἑλκεσίπεπλος.Derivatives: ἀλφή `produce, gain' (Lyc.)Etymology: The thematic aorist ἀλφεῖν agrees, except for the accent, with Skt. árhati `earn' (* h₂elgʷʰ-). ἀλφή corresponds with Lith. algà `wages', but they are prob. independent formations. The Greek aor. from zero grade *h₂l̥gʷʰ-. - On ἀλφαίνω = ἀμείβω in Aetius s. Benvenist, Année sociolog. 1951, 19-20.See also: ἀλφηστήςPage in Frisk: 1,81Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλφάνω
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97 ἄλφι
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `barley-groats' (h. Cer. 208), pl. ἄλφιτα (Il.), from which the sg. ἄλφιτον, in Hom. only in ἀλφίτου ἀκτή.Etymology: One assumes a plural *ἄλφατα from an i-n-stem as in Skt. ásth-i, asth-n-ás `bone', on the basis of ἀλίφατα ἄλφιτα η ἄλευρα H. But i\/n-stems are doubtful, and ἀλίφατα has been read as *ἀληφατα (Latte; cf. DELG, who compares ἀλήφατον ἄνθος ἐλαίης Peek, Grab-Epigramme 1897; the form would have been derived from ἀλέω.) - ἄλφι can be identical with Alb. elb, -i `barley' (from. * albhi), s. Demiraj. Further origin uncertain; perhaps PIE * h₂(e)lbh-i. - Here also Turc. arpa `barley', perhaps from an Iran. * arbi, Vasmer Stud. alb. Wortforsch. I, 1921, 16ff. - ἄλφι is mostly connected with ἀλφός (cf. λεύκ' ἄλφιτα Σ 560); "wenig wahrscheinlich", Demiraj. S. EIEC 51 with Iranian forms. On the meaning Moritz Class. Quart. 43, 1949, 113ff.See also:.Page in Frisk: 1,81Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλφι
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98 ἀλφός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `dull-white leprosy' (Hes.).Derivatives: ἀλφώδης `leprosus' (Gal.). As adj.: ἀλφούς λευκούς H.; besides ἀλωφούς λευκούς (s. below).Etymology: Identical with Lat. albus, Umbr. alfu `alba'. (Forms with PIE d (s. κεμάς) prob. in the word for `swan', e.g. OHG albiz, OCS lebedь prob. not here). Many geogr. names are compared, esp. river-names like Άλφειός, Lat. Albula; Lat. Albis = NHG. Elbe; also ONo. elfr `river'. On the river-names Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 40ff. However, most of these names are probably of non-IE origin. - The form ἀλωφός (H.) was compared with Arm. aɫawni `pigeon' (IE. * alǝ-bh-n-), but there is now a different explanation of this word (*pl̥h₂-bʰ-ni-, Klingenschmitt 1982, 68 n. 11). The relation ἀλφός: ἀλωφός cannot be explained within IE; perhaps ἀλωφός is a simple mistake: φ misread as ω?). On ἀλφός Osthoff IF 8, 64ff. - IE bʰ in colour names is frequent ( ἄργυφος).Page in Frisk: 1,81-82Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλφός
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99 ἀλώπηξ
ἀλώπηξ, - εκοςGrammatical information: f. (on the gender DELG).Meaning: `fox' (Archil.).Other forms: A shortened form is ἀλωπά (Alc.), ἀλωπός (Hdn.); on its origin Sommer Nominalkomp. 5 A. 5. Denom. ἀλωπεύει ἀνιχνεύει H., cf. NGr. (Crete) λαγονεύω `trace' from λαγώς, Kukules Άρχ. Έφ. 27, 70f.Derivatives: ἀλωπεκέη, -ῆ `fox-skin' (Hdt.); ἀλωπεκία a disease of the skin (Arist.); ἀλωπεκίς f. = κυναλώπηξ (X.), also `head-gear from fox-skin' (X.) and `kind of vine' (Plin.), s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 139Etymology: ἀλώπηξ can agree with Arm. aɫuēs, gen. - esu `fox'. Cf. further Lith. lãpė and Latv. lapsa. Schrijver, JIES 26, 1998, 421-434 connects the Celtic words W. llywarn etc., which he derives from * lop-erno-, and reconstructs * h₂lop-. The Greek long ō is explained from an old nom. * h₂lōp-s. (Skt. lopāśá- `jackal' and MP rōpās `fox' have an orig. diphthong in the root and cannot be connected. Lat. volpes `fox', Lith. vilpišỹs `wild cat' should also be kept apart; Schrijver starts from a root * ulp-). - The inflection ἀλώπηξ, - εκος is unique in Greek. There is no support for Rix's - ōk-s, - ek-os (1976,, 143). In the Armenian form, the ē presents difficulties and is prob. secondary, the word rather showing old short e; Clackson 1994, 95. De Vaan, IIJ 43, 2000, 279-293, disconnects the suffix from the Indo-Ir. one (as above the words were disconnected) and doubts that Skt. -āśa- etc. is of IE origin. He follows Chantr. Form. 376, in assuming that the Greek (and Armenian) suffix - ek- was taken from a non-IE language; Greek would have lengthened the vowel in the nominative. But this does not explain the Greek ablaut: one would expect that the long vowel was introduced everywhere. Rather the suffixes are IE, and the long vowel of Saskrit and the short of Armenian confirm the Greek ablaut as archaic. - See also Blažek, Linguistica Baltica 7, 1998, 25-31. Cf. Nehring Glotta 14, 184, Lidén KZ 56, 212ff., Fraenkel KZ 63, 189f., Hermann KZ 69, 66.Page in Frisk: 1,83Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλώπηξ
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100 ἅμα
Grammatical information: prep., adv.Meaning: `at the same time (with), together (with)' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Dor. ἁμᾶ, orig. instrum., s. Schwyzer 550. ἀμεῖ loc. Delphi. ἁμάκις· ἅπαξ, Κρῆτες H.; Tarent. ἁμάτις H.Derivatives: ἄμυδις (Aeol.) `together'.Etymology: Prob. the zero grade of the root * sem-, * som- in εἷς, ὁμός; perhaps *sm̥h₂-, s. on ὁμός. On the -α s. Schwyzer 622: 8; cf. Ruijgh on κάρτ-α, FS Leroy 1980,189ff. Vgl. 2. ἀμάομαι.See also: ἄμαξαPage in Frisk: 1,83Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅμα
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