entirely

aequo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [aequus].

Act., to make one thing equal to another; constr. with cum and (in gen. in the histt.) with dat., and with cop. conj. (cf. adaequo).

With cum:

inventum est temperamentum, quo tenuiores cum principibus aequari se putarent,

Cic. Leg. 3, 10:

cum suas quisque opes cum potentissimis aequari videat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22:

numerum (corporum) cum navibus,

Verg. A. 1, 193.—

With dat.:

Insedabiliter sitis arida, corpora mersans, Aequabat multum parvis umoribus imbrem,

an unquenchable, burning thirst... made the most copious stream seem to them as only a few drops, Lucr. 6, 1176:

per somnum vinumque dies noctibus aequare,

Liv. 31, 41:

aequavit togatus armati gloriam collegae,

id. 4, 10, 8:

cujus magnitudini semper animum aequavit,

id. 33, 21, 3 (but in id. 6, 20, 8, facta dictis aequando, dictis is abl.; v Weissenb. ad h. l.); Vell. 2, 127;

aequare solo templum,

to level with the ground, Tac. A. 1, 51;

so domum,

Quint. 3, 7, 20, and Aur. Vict. Vir. lllustr. 17. 5;

and in an extended sense: Scipio Numantiam excisam aequavit solo,

Vell. 2, 4.—Hence, trop.: solo aequandae sunt dictaturae consulatusque, entirely abolished, Liv 6, 18.—

With cop. conj.:

Curios aequare Fabriciosque,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 18, 2. — Poet.:

si protinus illum Aequāsset nocti ludum,

had played through the whole night, Verg. A. 9, 338.—Hence also,

In comparison, to place a thing on an equality with, to compare.; in Cic. with cum; later with dat.:

aequare et conferre scelera alicujus cum aliis,

Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 8:

ne aequaveritis Hannibali Philippum, ne Carthaginiensibus Macedonas: Pyrrho certe aequabitis,

Liv. 31, 7:

Deum homini non aequabo,

Vulg. Job, 32, 21:

quis in nubibus aequabitur Domino,

ib. Psa. 88, 7.—

Of places, to make level, even, or smooth:

aequata agri planities,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48;

and trop.: aequato discrimine,

at an equal distance, Lucr. 5, 690:

aequato omnium periculo,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

aequato jure omnium,

id. 2, 3.— Poet.: ibant aequati numero, [p. 58] divided into equal parts, Verg. A. 7, 698:

foedera regum Vel Gabiis vel cum rigidis aequata Sabinis, i. e. aequis legibus icta,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; cf.:

si foedus est, si societas aequatio juris est... cur non omnia aequantur?

placed in the same circumstances? Liv. 8, 4.—

T. t.

Aequare frontem, milit. t., to make an equal front, Liv. 5, 38:

aequatis frontibus,

Tib. 4, 1, 102; v. frons.—

Aequare sortes, to see that the lots are equal in number to those who draw, of the same material, and each with a different name. The classical passage for this phrase is Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 35: conicite sortes: uxor, aequa (sc. eas); v. the preceding verses. So Cic. Fragm. Or. Corn. 1, p. 449 Orell.: dum sitella defertur, dum aequantur sortes, dum sortitio fit, etc.—

Neutr. or act., to become equal to one, to equal, come up to, attain to (mostly in the histt.); constr. with dat., but oftener with acc. (cf. adaequo and aequipero, and Zumpt, §

389, 1): qui jam illis fere aequārunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; Ov. M. 6, 21:

ea arte aequāsset superiores reges, ni, etc.,

Liv. 1, 53; so,

cursu equum,

id. 31, 35;

for which Curtius: cursum alicujus, 4, 1: gloriam alicujus,

Suet. Caes. 55:

eam picturam imitati sunt multi, aequavit nemo,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 126; Luc. 3, 456.— Poet.: sagitta aequans ventos, like the winds in swiftness, Verg. A. 10, 248:

valet nondum munia comparis Aequare (juvenca),

i. e. cannot yet draw even with her mate, Hor. C. 2, 5, 2.

albus, a, um, adj. [cf. Umbr. alfu and Sab. alpus = white; alphos = white rash; O. H. Germ. Elbiz = a swan; to this have been referred also Alba Longa, Albunea, Alpes from their snowy summits (Paul. ex Fest. p. 4 Müll.), Albion from its chalky cliffs, Alpheios, and Albis = Elbe], white (properly dead white, not shining; e. g. hair, complexion, garments, etc., opp. ater, black that is without lustre; while candidus denotes a glistening, dazzling white, opp. niger, shining black.—Hence, trop., albus and ater, a symbol of good or ill fortune; on the other hand, candidus and niger of moral worth or unworthiness; cf. Doed. Syn. III. 193 sq.—So Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 82: aliud est candidum, i. e. quādam nitenti luce perfusum esse; aliud album, quod pallori constat esse vicinum; cf. Verg. E. 7, 38: Candidior cycnis, hederā formosior albā, with id. ib. 3, 39: diffusos hederā vestit pallente corymbos; but this distinction is freq. disregarded by the poets).

Lit.

In gen.:

barba,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 15:

corpus,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 115:

color albus praecipue decorus deo est, maxime in textili,

Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45: albus calculus, the small white stone used in voting, as a sign of acceding to the opinion of any one, or of the acquittal of one who is under accusation (opp. ater calculus;

v. calculus).— Hence, trop.: alicui rei album calculum adicere,

to allow, approve of, authorize, Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—In Enn. an epithet of the sun and moon: sol, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 92 Vahl.): jubar Hyperionis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 658 P. (Ann. v. 547 ib.).—The following are examples of the opposition of albus and niger (instead of ater) as exceptions to the gen. rule; so always in Lucr. (who also uses albus and candidus or candens promiscuously), 2, 810; 822 sqq.; 731 sq.; 790; 767-771. Once in Cic.: quae alba sint, quae nigra dicere, Div. 2, 3; so Phaedr. 3, 15, 10; Ov. M. 2, 541; cf. with id. ib. 2, 534 and 535; also id. ib. 12, 403; 15, 46; id. H. 15, 37 al.:

albi et nigri velleris,

Vulg. Gen. 30, 35:

non potes unum capillum album facere aut nigrum,

ib. Matt. 5, 36.—

Esp.

Pale, from sickness, terror, care, and the like:

aquosus albo Corpore languor, of dropsical persons,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 15:

pallor,

id. Epod. 7, 15:

vivat et urbanis albus in officiis,

pale from the cares of his public office, Mart. 1, 56 fin. et saep. —

Of clothing, white: alba decent Cererem;

vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite,

Ov. F. 4, 619:

vidit duos Angelos in albis,

Vulg. Joan. 20, 12; ib. Apoc. 3, 4.—Hence, poet. transf. to the person, clothed in white, Hor. S. 1, 2, 36: pedibus qui venerat albis, who had come with white feet, i. e. marked with chalk, as for sale, Juv. 1, 111 (cf. gypsatus and also Plin. 35, 17, 58, §§ 199-201; Mayor ad 1. 1.).—

Prov. phrases.

Dentibus albis deridere, to deride one by laughing so as to show the teeth, for to deride much, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 48 (cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 26).—

Albus an ater sit, nescio or non curo, I know not, care not whether he is white or black, i. e. he is entirely indifferent to me:

vide, quam te amārit is, qui albus aterve fueris ignorans, fratris filium praeteriit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16:

unde illa scivit, ater an albus nascerer,

Phaedr. 3, 15, 10; Cat. 93, 2; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 38.—

Albo rete aliquid oppugnare, to attack or seize upon something with a white net, i. e. in a delicate, skilful manner:

qui hic albo rete aliena oppugnant bona,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 22 (so the passage seems to be more simply explained than acc. to the opinion of Gron.: qui albo (by the register of the prætor) tamquam rete, which omission of the tamquam is a Horatian, but not a Plautinian idiom). —

Albā lineā aliquid signare, to make a white line upon a white ground, i. e. to make no distinction: et amabat omnes, nam ut discrimen non facit... signat linea alba, Lucil. ap. Non. 282, 28 (where the common editions have neque before signare, which gives the expression a directly opposite sense): albā, ut dicitur, lineā sine curā discriminis convertebant, Gell. praef. 11.—

Alba avis, a white sparrow, for something rare, uncommon, strange:

quasi avem albam videntur bene sentientem civem videre,

Cic. Fam. 7, 28 (quasi novum quiddam; proverbium ex eo natum, quia rarae aves albae, Manut. ad h. 1.).—

Filius albae gallinae, fortune's favorite child, Juv. 13, 141, prob. an allusion to the miracle that happened to Livia in regard to a white hen, v. Plin. 15, 30, 40; Suet. Galb. 1 (Ruperti ad h. 1, refers this expression to the unfruitfulness of a white hen, and conpares Col. R. R. 8, 2, 7).—

Equis albis praecurrere aliquem, to excel, surpass one, Hor. S. 1, 7, 8 (the figure being drawn from the white horses attached to a triumphal chariot; cf. Suet. Ner. 25; id. Dom. 2).—

Trop.

Favorable, fortunate, propitious:

simul alba nautis Stella refulsit,

i. e. the twin-star Castor, favorable to sailors, Hor. C. 1, 12, 27:

dies,

Sil. 15, 53:

sint omnia protinus alba,

Pers. 1, 110.—

Poet. and act., of the wind, making clear or bright, dispersing the clouds; hence, dry:

Notus,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 15 (as a transl. of the Gr. leukonotos):

iapyx,

id. ib. 3, 27, 19 (cf.:

clarus aquilo,

Verg. G. 1, 460).—Whence,

album, i, n., whiteness.

White color, white:

maculis insignis et albo,

Verg. G. 3, 56;

sparsis pellibus albo,

id. E. 2, 41:

columnas polire albo,

to make white, whiten, Liv. 40, 51.—Hence,

Esp.,

The white of the eye:

oculorum,

Cels. 2, 6; so id. 7, 7, n. 6 and 12.—

The white of an egg:

ovi,

Cels. 6, 6, n. 7.—

In Col. 6, 17, 7, a white spot on the eye, i. e. a disease of it, = albugo.—

In the lang. of polit. life, a white tablet, on which any thing is inscribed (like leukôma in Gr.).

The tablets on which the Pontifex Maximus registered the principal events of the year, the Annales maximi (v. annales): in album referre, to enter or record in, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 52; Liv. 1, 32, 2.—

The tablets of the prœtor, on which his edicts were written, and which were posted up in some public place, Paul. Sent. l. 1, t. 14.—Hence, sedere ad album, to be employed with the edicts of the prœtor, Sen. Ep. 48:

se ad album transferre,

Quint. 12, 3, 11 Spald.—

Esp., a list of names, a register, e. g. Album senatorium, the tablet on which the names of the senators were enrolled, the roll, register, which, by the order of Augustus, was to be posted up annually in the senate-house, Diom. 55, 3, and Fragm. 137:

aliquem albo senatorio eradere,

Tac. A. 4, 42 fin. —Also, the list of the judges chosen by the quœstors:

aliquem albo judicum eradere,

Suet. Claud. 16; so id. Dom. 8.—And transf. to other catalogues of names:

citharoedorum,

Suet. Ner. 21.

ălĭēno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.] (purely prosaic, but class.).

Orig., to make one person or thing another:

facere, ut aliquis alius sit. Thus, in Plaut., Sosia says to Mercury, who represented himself as Sosia: certe edepol tu me alienabis numquam, quin noster siem,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243. So also Pliny:

sacopenium, quod apud nos gignitur, in totum transmarino alienatur,

is entirely other than, different from, the transmarine one, Plin. 20, 18, 75, § 197.—Hence, of things, a t. t. in the Roman lang. of business, to make something the property of another, to alienate, to transfer by sale (in the jurid. sense, diff. from vendere: Alienatum non proprie dicitur, quod adhuc in dominio venditoris manet? venditum tamen recte dicetur, Dig. 50, 16, 67; the former, therefore, includes the idea of a complete transfer of the thing sold):

pretio parvo ea, quae accepissent a majoribus, vendidisse atque alienāsse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60:

venire vestras res proprias atque in perpetuum a vobis alienari,

id. Agr. 2, 21, 54:

vectigalia (opp. frui),

id. ib. 2, 13, 33; so Varr. R. R. 2, 1; Dig. 4, 7, 4.—Esp., to remove, separate, make foreign:

urbs maxuma alienata,

Sall. J. 48, 1.—

Transf. to mental objects, and with esp. reference to that from which any person or thing is separated or removed, to cast off, to alienate, estrange, set at variance, render averse, make enemies ( Abalienatus dicitur, quem quis a se removerit; alienatus, qui alienus est factus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 25 Müll.; class., esp. freq. in the part. alienatus).

In gen.:

eum omnibus eadem res publica reconciliavit, quae alienārat,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 9:

legati alienati,

id. Pis. 96:

alienati sunt peccatores,

Vulg. Psa. 51, 4; ib. Col. 1, 21:

alienari a Senatu,

Cic. Att. 1, 14:

studium ab aliquo,

id. Pis. 76:

si alienatus fuerit a me,

Vulg. Ezech. 14, 7:

alienati a viā Dei,

ib. Eph. 4, 18:

voluntatem ab aliquo,

Cic. Phil. 2, 38; id. Fam. 3, 6:

tantā contumeliā acceptā omnium suorum voluntates alienare (sc. a se),

Caes. B. G. 7, 10:

voluntate alienati,

Sall. J. 66, 2; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1:

falsā suspitione alienatum esse,

neglected, discarded, Sall. C. 35, 3:

animos eorum alienare a causā,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 21:

a dictatore animos,

Liv. 8, 35:

sibi animum alicujus,

Vell. 2, 112; Tac. H. 1, 59; Just. 1, 7, 18.—

Esp.

Mentem alienare alicui, to take away or deprive of reason, to make crazy, insane, to drive mad (not before the Aug. per., perh. first by Livy):

erat opinio Flaccum minus compotem fuisse sui: vulgo Junonis iram alienāsse mentem ferebant,

Liv. 42, 28:

signum alienatae mentis,

of insanity, Suet. Aug. 99:

alienata mens,

Sall. Rep. Ord. 2, 12, 6 (cf. Liv. 25, 39: alienatus sensibus).—And absol.:

odor sulfuris saepius haustus alienat,

deprives of reason, Sen. Q. N. 2, 53.—Hence, pass.:

alienari mente,

to be insane, Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93:

ita alienatus mente Antiochus (erat),

Vulg. 2 Macc. 5, 17.—

In medic. lang.: alienari, of parts of the body, to die, perish:

intestina momento alienantur,

Cels. 7, 16; 8, 10; 5, 26, n. 23:

in corpore alienato,

Sen. Ep. 89:

(spodium) alienata explet,

Plin. 23, 4, 38, § 76.—

Alienari ab aliquā re, to keep at a distance from something, i. e. to be disinclined to, have an aversion for, to avoid = abhorrere (only in Cic.):

a falsā assensione magis nos alienatos esse quam a ceteris rebus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 5, 18:

alienari ab interitu iisque rebus, quae interitum videantur afferre,

id. ib. 3, 5, 16.

alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):

alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,

Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;

and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,

id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:

alterae,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.

Lit.

In gen.:

nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:

necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

altera ex duabus legionibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;

cum altero vero magnus usus,

Cic. Clu. 42, 117:

alter consulum,

Liv. 40, 59:

alter ex censoribus,

id. 40, 52:

in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,

on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:

si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:

A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,

Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.

Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,

Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —

Esp.

a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:

Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,

Cato, R. R. 38, 9:

alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:

quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,

Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;

alteram Camulogenus tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:

conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,

Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—

In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;

ea optima est,

Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;

venio ad alteram,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:

nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,

Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:

Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,

Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:

consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,

Eutr. 1, 8:

Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,

Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —

Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:

Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:

alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,

id. ib.:

alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,

Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes

one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):

duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,

Liv. 29, 33:

hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or

the form changed:

dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:

alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,

Amm. 14, 11.—

In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;

alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,

id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:

quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —

The second alter in a different case:

alter alterius ova frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49:

uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:

qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,

Liv. 5, 11:

alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,

Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;

53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,

Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:

quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:

dicunt unus ad alterum,

Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:

ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,

ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:

uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,

Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:

ut nemo sit alteri similis,

Quint. 2, 9, 2:

cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,

id. 7, prooem. 4:

neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:

ut neutra alteri officiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:

Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;

quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,

Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—

As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:

primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:

quadriennio post alterum consulatum,

id. Sen. 9:

die altero,

Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:

se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:

die altero,

ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:

alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,

Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:

intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,

every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:

Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,

Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:

qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,

next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:

alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,

id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,

Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:

accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,

on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:

anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,

in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:

vicesima et altera laedit,

Manil. 4, 466.—

So of a number collectively:

remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,

a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:

ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,

Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;

cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,

a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,

Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.

For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):

unus et alter dies intercesserat,

Cic. Clu. 26:

adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

id. Att. 14, 18:

et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,

Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—

More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:

Unus et item alter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:

versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:

ex illis unus et alter ait,

Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:

paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,

Tac. G. 6.—

Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):

etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:

altero tanto aut sesqui major,

Cic. Or. 56, 188:

altero tanto longior,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:

numero tantum alterum adjecit,

Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—

Alteri totidem, as many more:

de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,

Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —

To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,

With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):

Verres, alter Orcus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:

alterum se Verrem putabat,

id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:

Hamilcar, Mars alter,

Liv. 21, 10.—

With a com. noun:

me sicut alterum parentem observat,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8:

altera patria,

Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —

Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):

vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5:

me alterum se fore dixit,

id. Att. 4, 1:

quoniam alterum me reliquissem,

id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—

Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):

amicus est tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—

The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:

non uterque sed alter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,

id. Att. 11, 18:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,

Liv. 1, 13:

nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,

Ov. A. A. 3, 520:

ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:

ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,

Quint. 5, 10, 69:

ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,

id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—

Transf.

Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:

qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:

qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14:

ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:

scientem in errorem alterum inducere,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:

cave ne portus occupet alter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:

nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,

id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:

canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,

Phaedr. 1, 19:

nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,

Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:

in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,

Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:

nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,

ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;

14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,

ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.

alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

qui me alter audacior est homo?

id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—

The other, the opposite:

alterius factionis principes,

the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:

adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,

Suet. Tib. 11. —

In gen., different:

quotiens te speculo videris alterum,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—

In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).

alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:

alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).

[alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

alter, tĕra, tĕrum, adj. (the measure of the gen. sing. āltĕrĭŭs as paeon primus is supported in good Latin only by examples from dactylic verse (but see alterĭus in trochaic measure, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 56), in which īpsĭŭs, īllĭŭs, īstĭŭs, ūnĭŭs, etc., are used as dactyls; on the contr., the regular measure āltĕrīŭs, as ditrochaeus, is sufficiently confirmed by the foll. verses of Enn., Ter., and Ter. Maur.: mox cum alterīus abligurias bona, Enn. ap. Donat. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. 29 Vahl.):

alterīus sua comparent commoda? ah!

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

nec alter[imacracute]us indigéns opís veni,

Ter. Maur. p. 2432 P.;

and sescupló vel una víncet alter[imacracute]us singulum,

id. ib. p. 2412 ib.; Prisc. p. 695 ib.; alterius is also commonly used as the gen. of alius, as alīus is little used (v. h. v. fin.).— Dat. sing. f.:

alterae,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 27; Nep. Eum. 1, 6; Col. 5, 11, 10) [a comp. form of al-ius; cf. Sanscr. antara = alius; Goth. anthar; Lith. antras = secundus; Germ. ander; Gr. heteros; Engl. either, other; also Sanscr. itara = alius], the other of two, one of two, the other, ho heteros.

Lit.

In gen.:

nam huic alterae patria quae sit, profecto nescio,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 45:

necesse est enim sit alterum de duobus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

altera ex duabus legionibus,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20: mihi cum viris ambobus est amicitia;

cum altero vero magnus usus,

Cic. Clu. 42, 117:

alter consulum,

Liv. 40, 59:

alter ex censoribus,

id. 40, 52:

in alterā parte fluminis legatum reliquit,

on the other side, Caes. B. G. 2, 5; id. B. C. 3, 54:

si quis te percusserit in dexteram maxillam tuam, praebe illi et alteram,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 39; 28, 1.—Hence: alter ambove, one or both; commonly in the abbreviation:

A. A. S. E. V. = alter ambove si eis videretur: utique C. Pansa, A. Hirtius consules alter ambove S. E. V. rationem agri habeant,

Cic. Phil. 5 fin. Wernsd.; cf. id. ib. 8, 11; 9, 7 fin.; 14, 14 fin.; cf.

Brison. Form. pp. 218 and 219: absente consulum altero ambobusve,

Liv. 30, 23: ambo alterve, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100 fin. —

Esp.

a.. In distributive clauses: alter... alter, the one... the other (cf. alius, II. A.): ho heteros... ho heteros:

Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacunā nihil opus erit. Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit,

Cato, R. R. 38, 9:

alteram ille amat sororem, ego alteram,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 68; id. Am. 1, 2, 19; 1, 2, 20; Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 50:

quorum alter exercitum perdidit, alter vendidit,

Cic. Planc. 35; so id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16: namque alterā ex parte Bellovaci instabant;

alteram Camulogenus tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59 Herz.:

conjunxit alteram (cortinam) alteri,

Vulg. Exod. 36, 10; 36, 22; ib. Joan. 13, 14; ib. Rom. 12, 5.—

In same sense, unus... alter, one... the other, as in later Gr. heis men... heteros de: vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret;

ea optima est,

Cato, R. R. 41, 1: Phorm. Una injuria est tecum. Chrem. Lege agito ergo. Phorm. Altera est tecum, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 90: uni epistolae respondi;

venio ad alteram,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6:

nomen uni Ada, et nomen alteri Sella,

Vulg. Gen. 4, 19; ib. Matt. 6, 24:

Erant duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium,

Nep. Phoc. 3, 1; Liv. 31, 21:

consules coepere duo creari, ut si unus malus esse voluisset, alter eum coërceret,

Eutr. 1, 8:

Duo homines ascenderunt in templum, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus,

Vulg. Luc. 18, 10 al. —

Sometimes a subst., or hic, ille, etc., stands in the place of the second alter:

Epaminondas... Leonidas: quorum alter, etc... Leonidas autem, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; so Vell. 2, 71, 3:

alter gladiator habetur, hic autem, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 17:

quorum alteri Capitoni cognomen est, iste, qui adest, magnus vocatur,

id. ib.:

alterum corporis aegritudo, illum, etc.,

Flor. 4, 7.—Sometimes

one alter is entirely omitted (cf. alius, II. A.; heteros, L. and S. I. 2.):

duae turmae haesere: altera metu dedita hosti, pertinacior (sc. altera), etc.,

Liv. 29, 33:

hujus lateris alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; or

the form changed:

dialecticam adjungunt et physicam, alteram quod habeat rationem.... Physicae quoque etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 72, and 3, 22, 73. —Sometimes a further distributive word is added:

alter adulescens decessit, alter senex, aliquis praeter hos infans,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

alter in vincula ducitur, alter insperatae praeficitur potestati, alius etc.,

Amm. 14, 11.—

In plur.: nec ad vivos pertineat, nec ad mortuos;

alteri nulli sunt, alteros non attinget,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

alteri dimicant, alteri victorem timent,

id. Fam. 6, 3: binas a te accepi litteras; quarum alteris mihi gratulabare... alteris dicebas etc., in one of which,... in the other, id. ib. 4, 14:

quorum alteri adjuvabant, alteri etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17: duplices similitudines, unae rerum, alterae verborum, Auct. ad Her. 3, 20. —

The second alter in a different case:

alter alterius ova frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49:

uterque numerus plenus, alter alterā de causā habetur,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 2:

qui noxii ambo, alter in alterum causam conferant,

Liv. 5, 11:

alteri alteros aliquantum attriverant,

Sall. J. 79, 4; so id. ib. 42, 4;

53, 7 al. —Also with alteruter: ne alteruter alterum praeoccuparet,

Nep. Dion. 4, 1.—With unus:

quom inter nos sorderemus unus alteri,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 30:

dicunt unus ad alterum,

Vulg. Ez. 33, 30:

ne unus adversus alterum infletur pro alio,

ib. 1 Cor. 4, 6.—With uterque:

uterque suo studio delectatus contempsit alterum,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 4:

utrique alteris freti finitimos sub imperium suum coëgere,

Sall. J. 18, 12.—With nemo, nullus, neuter:

ut nemo sit alteri similis,

Quint. 2, 9, 2:

cum tot saeculis nulla referta sit causa, quae esset tota alteri similis,

id. 7, prooem. 4:

neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3:

ut neutra alteri officiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 3.—After two substt., the first alter generally refers to the first subst., and the second to the second:

Philippum rebus gestis superatum a filio, facilitate video superiorem fuisse. Itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 21; Brem. ad Suet. Claud. 20.—Sometimes the order is reversed: contra nos (summa gratia et eloquentia) raciunt in hoc tempore;

quarum alteram (i. e. eloquentiam) vereor, alteram (i. e. gratiam) metuo,

Cic. Quinct. 1; so id. Off. 3, 18; 1, 12; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 9, 2, 6.—

As a numeral = secundus, the second, the next, o heteros:

primo die, alter dies, tertius dies, deinde reliquis diebus etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7:

proximo, altero, tertio, reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 13 Wernsd.:

quadriennio post alterum consulatum,

id. Sen. 9:

die altero,

Vulg. Jos. 10, 32: alteris Te mensis adhibet deum, i. e. at the dessert (= mensā secundā), Hor. C. 4, 5, 31.—So, alterā die, the next day, têi allêi hêmerai, têi heterai:

se alterā die ad conloquium venturum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Vulg. Gen. 19, 34; ib. Matt. 27, 62:

die altero,

ib. Num. 11, 32; ib. Jos. 5, 11 al.—So in comparative sense:

alterā die quam a Brindisio solvit, in Macedoniam trajecit,

Liv. 31, 14; Suet. Vit. 3:

intermittere diem alterum quemque oportet,

every other day, Cels. 3, 23; 3, 13; 4, 12:

Olea non continuis annis, sed fere altero quoque fructum adfert,

Col. R. R. 5, 8.—With prepp.:

qui (Ptolemaeus) tum regnabat alter post Alexandream conditam,

next after, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; so, fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo, the second or next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49:

alter ab undecimo jam tum me ceperat annus,

id. ib. 8, 39.—Hence,

Also with tens, hundreds, etc.:

accepi tuas litteras, quas mihi Cornificius altero vicesimo die reddidit,

on the twenty-second day, Cic. Fam. 12, 25 Manut.:

anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat,

in the three hundred and second year, Liv. 3, 33:

vicesima et altera laedit,

Manil. 4, 466.—

So of a number collectively:

remissarios pedum XII., alteros pedum X.,

a second ten, Cato, R. R. 19, 2:

ad Brutum hos libros alteros quinque mittemus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,

Cat. 5, 7.—So with the numeral understood: aurea mala decem misi;

cras altera (sc. decem) mittam,

a second ten, Verg. E. 3, 71.—Hence,

Unus et alter, unus atque alter, unus alterque, the one and the other.

For two (as in Gr. heis kai heteros):

unus et alter dies intercesserat,

Cic. Clu. 26:

adductus sum tuis unis et alteris litteris,

id. Att. 14, 18:

et sub eā versus unus et alter erunt,

Ov. H. 15, 182; so Suet. Tib. 63; id. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 12 (cf. id. Gram. 24: unum vel alterum, vel, cum plurimos, tres aut quattuor admittere).—

More freq. of an indef. number, one and another; and: unusalterve, one or two:

Unus et item alter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:

mora si quem tibi item unum alterumve diem abstulerit,

Cic. Fam. 3, 9; so id. Clu. 13, 38; 13, 26:

versus paulo concinnior unus et alter,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 74; so id. S. 1, 6, 102; 2, 5, 24; id. A. P. 15:

ex illis unus et alter ait,

Ov. F. 2, 394; id. Am. 2, 5, 22; Petr. 108; Plin. Pan. 45 Schwarz; cf. id. ib. 52, 2; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Galb. 14 al.:

paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea,

Tac. G. 6.—

Alterum tantum, as much more or again, twice as much (cf. Gr. heteron tosouton or hetera tosauta):

etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam potius quam sinam, etc.,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81; so id. Bacch. 5, 2, 65:

altero tanto aut sesqui major,

Cic. Or. 56, 188:

altero tanto longior,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; so Dig. 28, 2, 13:

numero tantum alterum adjecit,

Liv. 1, 36; so id. 10, 46; Auct. B. Hisp. 30; Dig. 49, 14, 3 al.—

Alteri totidem, as many more:

de alteris totidem scribere incipiamus,

Varr. L. L. 8, 24 Müll. —

To mark the similarity of one object to another in qualities, etc., a second, another (as in English, a second father, my second self, and the like). So,

With a proper name, used as an appellative (cf. alius, II. G.):

Verres, alter Orcus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50:

alterum se Verrem putabat,

id. ib. 5, 33 fin.:

Hamilcar, Mars alter,

Liv. 21, 10.—

With a com. noun:

me sicut alterum parentem observat,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8:

altera patria,

Flor. 2, 6, 42 al. —

Alter ego, a second self, of very intimate friends (in the class. per. perh. only in Cic. Ep.; cf. ho hetairos, heteros egô, Clem. Al. 450):

vide quam mihi persuaserim te me esse alterum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5:

me alterum se fore dixit,

id. Att. 4, 1:

quoniam alterum me reliquissem,

id. Fam. 2, 15; Aus. praef. 2, 15.—

Alter idem, a second self, like heteroi hautoi, Arist. Eth. M. 8, 12, 3 (on account of the singularity of the expression, introduced by tamquam):

amicus est tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Lael. 21, 82.—

The one of two, either of two, without a more precise designation, for alteruter:

non uterque sed alter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

fortasse utrumque, alterum certe,

id. Att. 11, 18:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrūm vivemus,

Liv. 1, 13:

nec rogarem, ut mea de vobis altera amica foret,

Ov. A. A. 3, 520:

ex duobus, quorum alterum petis, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 3:

ex duobus (quorum necesse est alterum verum), etc.,

Quint. 5, 10, 69:

ac si necesse est in alteram errare partem, maluerim etc.,

id. 10, 1, 26; 1, 4, 24; 9, 3, 6 al.—Once also with a negative, neither of two: hos, tamquam medios, [p. 98] nec in alterius favorem inclinatos, miserat rex, Liv. 40, 20, 4.—

Transf.

Another of a class = alius (as opp. to one's self, to another); subst., another, a neighbor, a fellow-creature, ho pelas (so sometimes heteros, Xen. Cyr. 2, 3, 17); cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 90 and 458 (alter designates the similarity of two objects; alius a difference in the objects contrasted): SI. INIVRIAM. FAXIT. ALTERI., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1:

qui alterum incusat probri, eum ipsum se intueri oportet,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 58; id. Am. prol. 84: mox dum alterius abligurias bona, quid censes dominis esse animi? Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 3: qui alteris exitium paret, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39:

qui nihil alterius causā facit et metitur suis commodis omnia,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14:

ut aeque quisque altero delectetur ac se ipso,

id. Off. 1, 17, 56; 1, 2, 4:

scientem in errorem alterum inducere,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55 et saep.:

cave ne portus occupet alter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32 Schmid.:

nil obstet tibi, dum ne sit te ditior alter,

id. S. 1, 1, 40; 1, 5, 33:

canis parturiens cum rogāsset alteram, ut etc.,

Phaedr. 1, 19:

nec patientem sessoris alterius (equum) primus ascendit,

Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58:

in quo judicas alterum, te ipsum condemnas,

Vulg. Rom. 2, 1:

nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius,

ib. 1 Cor. 10, 24;

14, 17: sic in semet ipso tantum gloriam habebit et non in altero,

ib. Gal. 6, 4 al. —Hence, alter with a neg., or neg. question and comp., as an emphatic expression (mostly ante-class.; cf.

alius, II. H.): scelestiorem nullum illuxere alterum,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 22:

scelestiorem in terrā nullam esse alteram,

id. Cist. 4, 1, 8:

qui me alter audacior est homo?

id. Am. 1, 1, 1; id. Ep. 1, 1, 24.—

The other, the opposite:

alterius factionis principes,

the leaders of the opposite party, Nep. Pelop. 1, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 2:

adversariae factioni): studiosiorem partis alterius,

Suet. Tib. 11. —

In gen., different:

quotiens te speculo videris alterum,

Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: abeuntes post carnem alteram (Gr. heteros, q. v. L. and S. III.), Vulg. Jud. 7.—

In the lang. of augury, euphem. for infaustus, unfavorable, unpropitious, Fest. p. 6 (v. L. and S. Gr. Lex. s. v. heteros, III. 2.).

alterius commonly serves as gen. of alius instead of alīus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; 1, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 1; Sall. C. 52, 8; Liv. 21, 13, 3; 22, 14, 4; 26, 8, 2; 28, 37, 6 al.; Col. 8, 17, 2; 11, 2, 87; 12, 22, 2; Sen. Ep. 72, 10; 102, 3; id. Ben. 4, 3, 1; id. Ot. Sap. 4, 1; id. Brev. Vit. 16, 2; id. Q. N. 2, 34, 1 al.; Quint. 7, 9, 8; 8, 3, 73 al.; Tac. A. 15, 25; id. H. 2, 90; Plin. Ep. 10, 114, 2; Suet. Caes. 61; id. Tib. 58 al.; Gell. 2, 28 al.—It also stands as correlative to alius:

alius inter cenandum solutus est, alterius continuata mors somno est,

Sen. Ep. 66, 39:

cum inventum sit ex veris (gemmis) generis alterius in aliud falsas traducere,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 197; Plin. Pan. 2, 6 (Neue, Formenl. II. p. 216).

[alter], for alias, acc. to Paul. ex. Fest. p. 27 Müll.

altercātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a strife or contest in words, a dispute, debate; either with or without passion: amoibaios logos, Gloss. Philox. (perh. not entirely dignified, since Cic. uses it several times in his Epistt. and philos. writings; but in his Oratt. disceptatio and contentio generally take its place).

In gen.: in pauciores avidos altercatio est, * Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 11:

dies consumptus est altercatione Lentuli consulis et Caninii tribuni plebis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2:

redeo ad altercationem,

id. Att. 1, 16 med.; so id. ib. 4, 13:

oritur mihi magna de re altercatio cum Velleio,

id. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 4, 6:

magna ibi non disceptatio modo, sed etiam altercatio fuit,

id. 38, 32; 1, 7; 10, 40;

35, 17: Cn. Domitius collegae suo altercatione ortā objecit, quod etc.,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 4; Tac. H. 4, 7:

verborum altercatio,

Scrib. Comp. 181:

in altercatione barbam invadere,

Suet. Caes. 71.—

Esp., in rhet., an altercation; a kind of discourse in a court of justice, which is not continuous, but where one seeks to vanquish his opponent by interposed questions, sometimes mingled with abuse (cf. Quint. 6, 3, 4; 4, 1, 28, and altercor, II.), Cic. Brut. 44, 164.

amb-ūro, ussi, ustum, 3, v. a., to burn around, to scorch (opp. exurere, to burn entirely up); also, with an extension of the idea, to burn wholly up, to consume (most freq. in part. perf.; class.).

Lit.

Hadrianus vivus exustus est:

Verres sociorum ambustus incendio, tamen ex illā flammā periculoque evasit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27:

Herculis corpus ambustum,

id. Sest. 68, 143:

terret ambustus Phaëthon avaras spes,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 25 al. —So Cicero jestingly calls the tribune of the people Munacius Plancus, at whose suggestion the enraged populace set fire to the senate-house, tribunus ambustus, the singed tribune of the people, Cic. Mil. 5, 12 Moeb.—Of those whom the lightning had struck, but not killed: Sen. Agam. 537:

tot circa me jactis fulminibus quasi ambustus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 3; so Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 9; id. Mil. 3, 2, 22:

Cassius, quem fama est esse libris Ambustum propriis,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 64:

magna vis frumenti ambusta,

Tac. H. 5, 12:

ambustum theatrum,

Suet. Claud. 21 al. —Hence, ambu-stum, i, n., in medic. lang., a burn:

inflammatio recentis ambusti,

Plin. 24, 8, 35, § 51:

sedare ambusta,

id. 24, 4, 5, § 10:

ambusta sanare,

id. 20, 20, 82, § 217:

ambusta igne vel frigore,

id. 24, 8, 29, § 45 al. —

From the similarity of effect, to injure by cold, to nip, benumb (cf. aduro):

ambusti multorum artus vi frigoris,

Tac. A. 13, 35:

ambusta pruinis lumina, i. e. oculi,

Val. Fl. 4, 70.—

Trop.

Of property:

ambustas fortunarum mearum reliquias,

the charred remains, Cic. Dom. 43.—

Of one who, when tried for an offence, comes off with great trouble:

qui damnatione collegae et suā prope ambustus evaserat,

had come off scorched, Liv. 22, 35.

amb-ūro, ussi, ustum, 3, v. a., to burn around, to scorch (opp. exurere, to burn entirely up); also, with an extension of the idea, to burn wholly up, to consume (most freq. in part. perf.; class.).

Lit.

Hadrianus vivus exustus est:

Verres sociorum ambustus incendio, tamen ex illā flammā periculoque evasit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 27:

Herculis corpus ambustum,

id. Sest. 68, 143:

terret ambustus Phaëthon avaras spes,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 25 al. —So Cicero jestingly calls the tribune of the people Munacius Plancus, at whose suggestion the enraged populace set fire to the senate-house, tribunus ambustus, the singed tribune of the people, Cic. Mil. 5, 12 Moeb.—Of those whom the lightning had struck, but not killed: Sen. Agam. 537:

tot circa me jactis fulminibus quasi ambustus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 3; so Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 9; id. Mil. 3, 2, 22:

Cassius, quem fama est esse libris Ambustum propriis,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 64:

magna vis frumenti ambusta,

Tac. H. 5, 12:

ambustum theatrum,

Suet. Claud. 21 al. —Hence, ambu-stum, i, n., in medic. lang., a burn:

inflammatio recentis ambusti,

Plin. 24, 8, 35, § 51:

sedare ambusta,

id. 24, 4, 5, § 10:

ambusta sanare,

id. 20, 20, 82, § 217:

ambusta igne vel frigore,

id. 24, 8, 29, § 45 al. —

From the similarity of effect, to injure by cold, to nip, benumb (cf. aduro):

ambusti multorum artus vi frigoris,

Tac. A. 13, 35:

ambusta pruinis lumina, i. e. oculi,

Val. Fl. 4, 70.—

Trop.

Of property:

ambustas fortunarum mearum reliquias,

the charred remains, Cic. Dom. 43.—

Of one who, when tried for an offence, comes off with great trouble:

qui damnatione collegae et suā prope ambustus evaserat,

had come off scorched, Liv. 22, 35.

ăn, conj. [etym. very obscure; v. the various views adduced in Hand, I. p. 296, with which he seems dissatisfied; if it is connected with the Sanscr. anjas, = Germ. ander, = Engl. other, we may comp. the Engl. other and or with the Germ. oder, = or]. It introduces the second part of a disjunctive interrogation, or a phrase implying doubt, and thus unites in itself the signif. of aut and num or -ne, or, or whether (hence the clause with an is entirely parallel with that introduced by num, utrum, -ne, etc., while aut forms only a subdivision in the single disjunctive clause; utrum... aut—an... aut, whether... or, etc.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. p. 150; v. also aut).

In disjunctive interrogations.

Direct.

Introd. by utrum (in Engl. the introd. particle whether is now obsolete, and the interrogation is denoted simply by the order of the words):

Utrum hac me feriam an ab laevā latus?

Plaut. Cist. 3, 10:

sed utrum tu amicis hodie an inimicis tuis Daturu's cenam?

id. Ps. 3, 2, 88; id. Pers. 3, 1, 13; id. Trin. 1, 2, 138; id. Cas. 2, 4, 11:

Utrum sit annon voltis?

id. Am. prol. 56:

quid facies? Utrum hoc tantum crimen praetermittes an obicies?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 30 sq.:

in plebem vero Romanam utrum superbiam prius commemorem an crudelitatem?

id. Verr. 1, 122; id. Deiot. 23; id. Fam. 7, 13:

Utrum enim defenditis an impugnatis plebem?

Liv. 5, 3. —And with an twice:

Utrum hoc signum cupiditatis tuae an tropaeum necessitudinis atque hospitii an amoris indicium esse voluisti?

Cic. Verr. 2, 115; id. Imp. Pomp. 57 sq.; id. Rab. 21.—With an three times:

Utrum res ab initio ita ducta est, an ad extremum ita perducta, an ita parva est pecunia, an is (homo) Verres, ut haec quae dixi, gratis facta esse videantur?

Cic. Verr. 2, 61; 3, 83; id. Clu. 183; Liv. 21, 10; and seven times in Cic. Dom. 56-58.—With -ne pleon. (not to be confounded with cases where utrum precedes as pron.; as Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 9):

sed utrum tu masne an femina es, qui illum patrem voces?

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 16; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 5, 4, 26:

Utrum studione id sibi habet an laudi putat Fore, si etc.,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 28:

Utrum igitur tandem perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur?

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67.—And affixed to utrum, but rarely:

Utrumne jussi persequemur otium... an hunc laborem etc.,

Hor. Epod. 1, 7; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4; Quint. 12, 1, 40.—

Introduced by -ne:

quid fit? seditio tabetne an numeros augificat suos?

Enn. Trag. Rel. p. 23 Rib.:

servos esne an liber?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 186:

idne agebas, ut tibi cum sceleratis an ut cum bonis civibus conveniret?

Cic. Lig. 18; 23:

custosne urbis an direptor et vexator esset Antonius?

id. Phil. 3, 27; id. Mur. 88; id. Sull. 22.—

So with an twice,

Cic. Cat. 1, 28; id. Att. 16, 8;

and five times,

id. Balb. 9.—

Introduced by nonne:

Nonne ad servos videtis rem publicam venturam fuisse? An mihi ipsi fuit mors aequo animo oppetenda?

Cic. Sest. 47; id. Sex. Rosc. 43 sq.; id. Dom. 26; 127.—So with an twice, Cic. Phil. 11, 36.—

Introduced by num:

si quis invidiae metus, num est vehementius severitatis invidia quam inertiae pertimescenda?

Cic. Cat. 1, 29; id. Mur. 76; id. Sest. 80:

Num quid duas habetis patrias an est illa patria communis?

id. Leg. 2, 2.—

Without introductory particle:

quid igitur? haec vera an falsa sunt?

Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 95:

quid enim exspectas? bellum an tabulas novas?

id. Cat. 2, 18:

ipse percussit an aliis occidendum dedit?

id. Sex. Rosc. 74; id. Verr. 2, 106; id. Imp. Pomp. 53; id. Phil. 2, 27:

eloquar an sileam?

Verg. A. 3, 37:

auditis an me ludit amabilis Insania?

Hor. C. 3, 4, 5.—So an twice, Cic. Mil. 54;

three times,

Plin. Ep. 2, 8;

and six times,

Cic. Rab. 14; id. Pis. 40.—

Indirect.

Introduced by utrum:

quid tu, malum, curas, Utrum crudum an coctum edim?

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; id. Cist. 4, 2, 11; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 1; id. Mil. 2, 3, 74:

quaero, si quis... utrum is clemens an inhumanissimus esse videatur,

Cic. Cat. 4, 12:

agitur, utrum M. Antonio facultas detur an horum ei facere nihil liceat,

id. Phil. 5, 6; id. Sex. Rosc. 72; id. Imp. Pomp. 42; id. Verr. 1, 105.

aut for an: Loquimini de me utrum bovem cujusquam tulerim aut asinum, 1 Reg. 12, 3.—And with -ne pleon.:

res in discrimine versatur, utrum possitne se contra luxuriem parsimonia defendere an deformata cupiditati addicatur,

Cic. Quinct. 92:

numquamne intelleges statuendum tibi esse, utrum illi, qui istam rem gesserunt, homicidaene sint an vindices libertatis?

id. Phil. 2, 30.—

Introduced by -ne:

Fortunāne an forte repertus,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 159 Rib. agitur autem liberine vivamus an mortem obeamus, Cic. Phil. 11, 24; id. Verr. 4, 73; id. Mil. 16:

nunc vero non id agitur, bonisne an malis moribus vivamus etc.,

Sall. C. 52, 10.—So with an three times, Cic. Or. 61.—

Introduced by an:

haud scio an malim te videri... an amicos tuos plus habuisse,

Cic. Pis. 39.—

Without introd. particle:

... vivam an moriar, nulla in me est metus,

Enn. Trag. Rel. p. 72 Rib.:

vivat an mortuus sit, quis aut scit aut curat?

Cic. Phil. 13, 33; 3, 18; id. Sex. Rosc. 88; id. Red. in Sen. 14.—

Sometimes the opinion of the speaker or the probability inclines to the second interrogative clause (cf. infra, II. E.). and this is made emphatic, as a corrective of the former, or rather, or on the contrary:

ea quae dixi ad corpusne refers? an est aliquid, quod te suā sponte delectet?

Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 107:

Cur sic agere voluistis? An ignoratis quod etc.,

Vulg. Gen. 44, 15.—Hence, in the comic poets, an potius:

cum animo depugnat suo, Utrum itane esse mavelit ut... An ita potius ut etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 31: id. Stich. 1, 2, 18; id. Trin. 2, 2, 25:

an id flagitium est, An potius hoc patri aequomst fieri, ut a me ludatur dolis?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 94.—

The first part of the interrogation is freq. not expressed, but is to be supplied from the context; in this case, an begins the interrog., or, or rather, or indeed, or perhaps (but it does not begin an absolute, i. e. not disjunctive, interrog.): De. Credam ego istuc, si esse te hilarem videro. Ar. An tu esse me tristem putas? (where nonne me hilarem esse vides? is implied), Plaut. As. 5, 1, 10: Ch. Sed Thaïs multon ante venit? Py. An abiit jam a milite? Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 7:

An ego Ulixem obliscar umquam?

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 199 Rib.:

An parum vobis est quod peccatis?

Vulg. Josh. 22, 17:

est igitur aliquid, quod perturbata mens melius possit facere quam constans? an quisquam potest sine perturbatione mentis irasci?

Cic. Tusc. 4, 24, 54; cf. id. Clu. 22; id. Off. 3, 29: Debes hoc etiam rescribere, sit tibi curae Quantae conveniat Munatius; an male sarta Gratia nequiquam coit...? or is perhaps, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 31 K. and H. —So esp. in Cic., in order to make the truth of an assertion more certain, by an argumentum a minore ad majus:

cur (philosophus) pecuniam magno opere desideret vel potius curet omnino? an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi non potuerunt?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 89 sq.:

An vero P. Scipio T. Gracchum privatus interfecit, Catilinam vero nos consules perferemus?

id. Cat. 1, 1; so id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 14, 5, 12 Muret.; id. Fin. 1, 2, 5, ubi v. Madv.—It sometimes introduces a question suggested by the words of another: He. Mane. Non dum audisti, Demea, Quod est gravissimum? De. An quid est etiam anplius? Is there then etc., Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 21:

sed ad haec, nisi molestum est, habeo quae velim. An me, inquam, nisi te audire vellem censes haec dicturum fuisse?

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 28; 2, 22, 74; id. Tusc. 5, 26, 73; 5, 12, 35; id. Brut. 184; id. Fat. 2, 4; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 28.—It sometimes anticipates an answer to something going before: At vero si ad vitem sensus accesserit, ut appetitum quendam habeat et per se ipsa moveatur, quid facturam putas? An ea, quae per vinitorem antea consequebatur, per se ipsa curabit? shall we not say that, must we not think that etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 38, ubi v. Madv.—

An non. and in one word, annon (in direct questions more freq. than necne):

isne est quem quaero an non?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 12:

Hocine agis an non?

id. And. 1, 2, 15:

Tibi ego dico an non?

id. ib. 4, 4, 23:

utrum sit an non voltis?

Plaut. Am. prol. 56:

utrum cetera nomina in codicem accepti et expensi digesta habes annon?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 3 al. —Also in indirect questions = necne, q. v.:

abi, vise redieritne jam an non dum domum,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 4, 5:

videbo utrum clamorem opere conpleverint, an non est ita,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 21; 24, 21.—

An ne, usually written anne, pleon. for an.

In direct questions:

anne tu dicis quā ex causā vindicaveris?

Cic. Mur. 26. —

In indirect questions:

nec. aequom anne iniquom imperet, cogitabit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19; id. Ps. 1, 1, 122:

percontarier, Utrum aurum reddat anne eat secum simul,

id. Bacch. 4, 1, 4:

Nam quid ego de consulato loquar, parto vis, anue gesto?

Cic. Pis. 1, 3:

cum interrogetur, tria pauca sint anne multa,

id. Ac. 2, 29:

Gabinio dicam anne Pompeio, an utrique,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 57; so id. Or. 61, 206:

Quid enim interest, divitias, opes, valetudinem bona dicas anne praeposita, cum etc.,

id. Fin. 4, 9, 23 Madv.; August. ap. Suet. Aug. 69 al. (for the omission of the second disjunctive clause or the particle necne representing it, v. utrum;

instances of this usage in eccl. Lat. are,

Vulg. Lev. 13, 36; 14, 36; ib. Num. 11, 23 al.).—

In disjunctive clauses that express doubt, or.

Utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, scientem an imprudentem, incertus sum. Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 54:

ut nescias, utrum res oratione an verba sententiis illustrentur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56:

honestumne factu sit an turpe, dubitant,

id. Off. 1, 3, 9:

nescio, gratulerne tibi an timeam,

id. Fam. 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 7, 5:

pecuniae an famae minus parceret, haud facile discerneres,

Sall. C. 25, 3; so id. ib. 52, 10; Suet. Aug. 19; id. Tib. 10; id. Claud. 15:

cognoscet de doctrinā, utrum ex Deo sit an ego a me ipso loquar,

Vulg. Joan. 7, 17; ib. Eccl. 2, 19 al.—

An sometimes denotes uncertainty by itself, without a verb of doubting (dubito, dubium or incertum est, etc., vet in such cases the editors are divided between an and aut; cf. Mos. and Orell. ad Cic. Rep. 1, 12): verene hoc memoriae proditum est [p. 115] regem istum Numam Pythagorae ipsius discipulum, an certe Pythagoreum fuisse? Cic. Rep. 2, 15, where B. and K. read aut certe: Cn. Octavius est an Cn. Cornelius quidam tuus familiaris, summo genere natus, terrae filius;

is etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 9 B. and K.:

Themistocles quidem, cum ei Simonides an quis alius artem memoriae polliceretur, Oblivionis, inquit, mallem,

Simonides or some other person, id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. Fam. 7, 9, 3; id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 2, 7, 3; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—

It often stands for sive (so esp. in and after the Aug. per.):

quod sit an non, nihil commovet analogiam,

whether this be so or not, Varr. L. L. 9, § 105 Müll.; Att. ap. Prisc. p. 677 P.; Ov. R. Am. 797:

saucius an sanus, numquid tua signa reliqui,

id. F. 4, 7:

Illa mihi referet, si nostri mutua curast, An minor, an toto pectore deciderim,

Tib. 3, 1, 20; Tac. A. 11, 26:

sive nullam opem praevidebat inermis atque exul, seu taedio ambiguae spei an amore conjugis et liberorum,

id. ib. 14, 59.—

The first disjunctive clause is freq. to be supplied from the gen. idea or an may stand for utrum—necne (cf. supra, I. D.):

qui scis, an, quae jubeam, sine vi faciat? (vine coactus is to be supplied),

how knowest thou whether or not he will do it without compulsion? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 20:

An dolo malo factum sit, ambigitur,

Cic. Tull. 23:

quaesivi an misisset (periplasmata),

id. Verr. 4, 27:

Vide an facile fieri tu potueris, cum etc.,

id. Fragm. B. 13, 2, 1:

praebete aurem et videte an mentiar,

Vulg. Job, 6, 28: de L. Bruto fortasse dubitaverim an propter infinitum odium tyranni effrenatius in Aruntem invaserit, I might doubt whether or not, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 50; id. Verr. 3, 76:

Quis scit an adiciant hodiernae crastina summae Tempora di superi?

Hor. C. 4, 7, 17; Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 3; Quint. 2, 17, 38:

Sine videamus an veniat Elias,

Vulg. Matt. 27, 49:

tria sine dubio rursus spectanda sunt, an sit, quid sit, quale sit,

Quint. 5, 10, 53:

dubium an quaesitā morte,

Tac. A. 1, 5; 6, 50; 4, 74:

Multitudo an vindicatura Bessum fuerit, incertum est,

Curt. 7, 5:

diu Lacedaemonii, an eum summae rei praeponerent, deliberaverunt,

Just. 6, 2, 4 et saep.—

Since in such distrib. sentences expressive of doubt, the opinion of the speaker or the probability usually inclines to the second, i. e. to the clause beginning with an, the expressions haud scio an, nescio an, dubito an (the latter through all pers. and tenses), incline to an affirmative signification, I almost know, I am inclined to think, I almost think, I might say, I might assert that, etc., for perhaps, probably (hence the opinion is incorrect that an, in this situation, stands for an non; for by an non a negation of the objective clause is expressed, e. g. nescio an non beatus sit, I am almost of the opinion that he is not happy, v. infra, and cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 1, Exc. XI. p. 335 sq.; Cic. uses haud scio an eleven times in his Orations;

nescio an, four times): atque haud scio an, quae dixit sint vera omnia,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 45:

crudele gladiatorum spectaculum et inhumanum non nullis videri solet: et haud scio an ita sit, ut nunc fit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41; id. Fl. 26:

testem non mediocrem, sed haud scio an gravissimum,

perhaps, id. Off. 3, 29:

constantiam dico? nescio an melius patientiam possim dicere,

id. Lig. 9; id. Fam. 9, 19:

ingens eo die res, ac nescio an maxima illo bello gesta sit,

Liv. 23, 16; Quint. 12, 11, 7 al.:

si per se virtus sine fortunā ponderanda sit, dubito an Thrasybulum primum omuium ponam,

I am not certain whether I should not prefer Thrasybulus to all others, Nep. Thras. 1 Dähne:

dicitur acinace stricto Darius dubitāsse an fugae dedecus honestā morte vitaret,

i. e. was almost resolved upon, Curt. 4, 5, 30:

ego dubito an id improprium potius appellem,

Quint. 1, 5, 46; Gell. 1, 3 al.—Hence, a neg. objective clause must contain in this connection the words non, nemo, nullus, nihil, numquam, nusquam, etc.:

dubitet an turpe non sit,

he is inclined to believe that it is not bad, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

haud scio an ne opus quidem sit, nihil umquam deesse amicis,

id. Am. 14, 51:

eloquentiā quidem nescio an habuisset parem neminem,

id. Brut. 33: quod cum omnibus est faciendum tum haud scio an nemini potius quam tibi, to no one perhaps more, id. Off. 3, 2, 6:

meā sententiā haud scio an nulla beatior esse possit,

id. Sen. 16; id. Leg. 1, 21:

non saepe atque haud scio an numquam,

id. Or. 2, 7 al. —

Sometimes the distributive clause beginning with an designates directly the opposite, the more improbable, the negative; in which case nescio an, haud scio an, etc., like the Engl. I know not whether, signify I think that not, I believe that not, etc.; hence, in the object. clause, aliquis, quisquam, ullus, etc., must stand instead of nemo, nullus, etc. (so for the most part only after Cic.): an profecturus sim, nescio, I know not (i. e. I doubt, I am not confident) whether I shall effect any thing, Sen. Ep. 25:

opus nescio an superabile, magnum certe tractemus,

id. Q. N. 3, praef. 4; Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: haud scio an vivere nobis liceret, I know not whether we, etc., Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22: doleo enim maximam feminam eripi oculis civitatis, nescio an aliquid simile visuris, for I know not whether they will ever see any thing of this kind, Plin. Ep. 7, 19; Val. Max. 5, 2, 9:

nescio an ullum tempus jucundius exegerim,

I do not know whether I have ever passed time more pleasantly, id. 3, 1:

namque huic uni contigit, quod nescio an ulli,

Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Sen. Contr. 3 praef.; Quint. 9, 4, 1:

nostri quoque soloecum, soloecismum nescio an umquam dixerint,

Gell. 5, 20 al. Cf. upon this word Hand, Turs. I. pp. 296-361, and Beier, Exc. ad Cic. Am. pp. 202-238.

an-, v. ambi.

- ăn. This word appears in forsan, forsitan, and fortasse an (Att. Trag. Rel. p. 151 Rib.) or fortassan, seeming to enhance the idea of uncertainty and doubt belonging to fors, etc., and is regarded by some as the Greek conditional particle an, and indeed one of these compounds, forsitan, sometimes in the Vulgate, translates an; as, Joan. 4, 10; 5, 46; 8, 19; and in 3, Joan. 9, it still represents the various reading, an.

antrum, i, n., = antron, a cave, cavern, grotto (almost entirely confined to the poets).

Lit.:

succedere antro,

Verg. E. 5, 19:

subire antra,

Ov. M. 1, 121:

occulere se antro,

Val. Fl. 8, 315:

ingens,

Verg. A. 6, 42:

gratum,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 3:

gelida antra,

Verg. G. 4, 509:

silvestria,

Ov. M. 13, 47:

Dionaeo sub antro,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 39:

vos Caesarem Pierio recreatis antro,

id. ib. 3, 4, 40:

quibus antris audiar?

id. ib. 3, 25, 4:

harenosum Libyae Jovis antrum,

Prop. 5, 1, 103:

effossa antra,

Mart. 13, 60; Stat. S. 4, 6; Sil. 6, 149 et saep.—In prose mostly in eccl. Lat., Vulg. Gen. 23, 20; ib. Jud. 6, 2; ib. 1 Reg. 13, 6; ib. Job, 37, 8;

38, 40: per antra et cavas rupes,

Suet. Tib. 43.—

Fig., of the hollow of a tree:

ekesae arboris antrum,

Verg. G. 4, 44.—Of a sedan:

clausum antrum,

Juv. 4, 21.—Later, of any cavity:

narium,

Sid. Ep. 1, 2:

palati,

id. ib. 9, 13:

pectoris,

Prud. Psych. 6, 774.

ars, artis, f. [v. arma], skill in joining something, combining, working it, etc., with the advancement of Roman culture, carried entirely beyond the sphere of the common pursuits of life, into that of artistic and scientific action, just as, on the other hand, in mental cultivation, skill is applied to morals, designating character, manner of thinking, so far as it is made known by external actions (syn.: doctrina, sollertia, calliditas, prudentia, virtus, industria, ratio, via, dolus).

Skill in producing any material form, handicraft, trade, occupation, employment (technê).

Lit.:

Zeno censet artis proprium esse creare et gignere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 57:

quarum (artium) omne opus est in faciendo atque agendo,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 22; id. Off. 2, 3, 12 sq.—

Transf.

With the idea extended, any physical or mental activity, so far as it is practically exhibited; a profession, art ( music, poetry, medicine, etc.); acc. to Roman notions, the arts were either liberales or ingenuae artes, arts of freemen, the liberal arts; or artes illiberales or sordidae, the arts, employments, of slaves or the lower classes.

In gen.:

Eleus Hippias gloriatus est nihil esse ullā in arte rerum omnium, quod ipse nesciret: nec solum has artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometriam, musicam, litterarum cognitionem et poëtarum, atque illa, quae de naturis rerum, quae de hominum moribus, quae de rebus publicis dicerentur, sed anulum, quem haberet, pallium, quo amictus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se suā manu confecisse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

Jam de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, haec fere accepimus. Primum improbantur ii quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt, ut portitorum, ut feneratorum. Illiberales autem et sordidi quaestus mercenariorum omniumque, quorum operae, non artes emuntur: est enim in illis ipsa merces auctoramentum servitutis... Opificesque omnes in sordidā arte versantur... Quibus autem artibus aut prudentia major inest aut non mediocris utilitas quaeritur, ut medicina, ut architectura, ut doctrina rerum honestarum, hae sunt iis, quorum ordini conveniunt, honestae,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150 sq.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 3:

artes elegantes,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

laudatae,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 9:

bonae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 32:

optimae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 111:

magnae,

id. Or. 1, 4:

maximae,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

gravissimae,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112:

leviores artes,

id. Brut. 1, 3:

mediocres,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

omnis artifex omnis artis,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 22:

artifices omnium artium,

ib. 1 Par. 22, 15.—

Esp., of a single art, and,

With an adj. designating it:

ars gymnastica,

gymnastics, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 73:

ars duellica,

the art of war, id. Ep. 3, 4, 14:

ars imperatoria,

generalship, Quint. 2, 17, 34:

(artes) militares et imperatoriae,

Liv. 25, 9, 12:

artes civiles,

politics, Tac. Agr. 29:

artes urbanae,

i. e. jurisprudence and eloquence, Liv. 9, 42:

ars grammatica,

grammar, Plin. 7, 39, 40, § 128:

rhetorica,

Quint. 2, 17, 4:

musica,

poetry, Ter. Hec. prol. 23:

musica,

music, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 93:

medicae artes,

the healing art, medicine, Ov. H. 5, 145; so,

ars Apollinea,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 10:

magica,

Verg. A. 4, 493, and Vulg. Sap. 17, 7; so,

maleficis artibus inserviebat,

he used witchcraft, ib. 2 Par. 33, 6 al.—

With a gen. designating it:

ars disserendi,

dialectics, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

ars dicendi,

the art of speaking, id. ib. 1, 23, 107, and Quint. 2, 17, 17; so,

ars eloquentiae,

id. 2, 11, 4:

ars medendi,

Ov. A. A. 2, 735:

ars medentium,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 158:

medicorum ars,

Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 12:

pigmentariorum ars,

the art of unguents, ib. 2 Par. 16, 4:

ars armorum,

the art of war, Quint. 2, 17, 33:

ars pugnae,

Vulg. Judith, 5, 27; so in plur.:

belli artes,

Liv. 25, 40, 5:

ars gubernandi,

navigation, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24; Quint. 2, 17, 33; so,

ars gubernatoris,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 42.—Sometimes the kind of art may be distinguished by the connection, so that ars is used absol. of a particular art:

instruere Atriden num potes arte meā? i. e. arte sagittandi,

Ov. H. 16, 364:

tunc ego sim Inachio notior arte Lino, i. e. arte canendi,

Prop. 3, 4, 8:

fert ingens a puppe Notus: nunc arte (sc. navigandi) relictā Ingemit,

Stat. Th. 3, 29; so Luc. 7, 126; Sil. 4, 715:

imus ad insignes Urbis ab arte (sc. rhetoricā) viros,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 16:

ejusdem erat artis, i. e. artis scaenofactoriae,

Vulg. Act. 18, 3.—

Science, knowledge:

quis ignorat, ii, qui mathematici vocantur, quantā in obscuritate rerum et quam reconditā in arte et multiplici subtilique versentur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 10:

nam si ars ita definitur, ex rebus penitus perspectis planeque cognitis atque ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctis, scientiāque comprehensis, non mihi videtur ars oratoris esse ulla,

id. ib. 1, 23, 108: nihil est quod ad artem redigi possit, nisi ille prius, qui illa tenet. quorum artem instituere vult, habeat illam scientiam (sc. dialecticam), ut ex iis rebus, quarum ars nondum sit, artem efficere possit, id. ib. 1, 41, 186:

ars juris civilis,

id. ib. 1, 42, 190:

(Antiochus) negabat ullam esse artem, quae ipsa a se proficisceretur. Etenim semper illud extra est, quod arte comprehenditur... Est enim perspicuum nullam artem ipsam in se versari, sed esse aliud artem ipsam, aliud, quod propositum sit arti,

id. Fin. 5, 6, 16; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9; id. Cael. 30, 72; id. Or. 1, 4:

vir bonus optimisque artibus eruditus,

Nep. Att. 12, 4: ingenium docile, come, ap-tum ad artes optimas, id. Dion, 1, 2 al.—

The theory of any art or science: ars est praeceptio, quae dat certam viam rationemque faciendi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 1, 1;

Asper, p. 1725 P.: non omnia, quaecumque loquimur, mihi videntur ad artem et ad praecepta esse revocanda,

not every thing is to be traced back to theory and rules, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44: res mihi videtur esse facultate ( in practice) praeclara, arte ( in theory) mediocris;

ars enim earum rerum est, quae sciuntur: oratoris autem omnis actio opinionibus, non scientiā continetur,

id. ib. 2, 7, 30; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22.—In later Lat. ars is used,

Absol. for grammatical analysis, grammar:

curru non, ut quidam putant, pro currui posuit, nec est apocope: sed ratio artis antiquae, etc.,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 156; 1, 95: et hoc est artis, ut (vulgus) masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, etc., id. ad eund. ib. 1, 149: secundum artem dicamus honor, arbor, lepor: plerumque poëtae r in s mutant, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 153 al.—Hence also,

As a title of books in which such theories are discussed, for rhetorical and, at a later period, for grammatical treatises.

Rhetorical:

quam multa non solum praecepta in artibus, sed etiam exempla in orationibus bene dicendi reliquerunt!

Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ipsae rhetorum artes, quae sunt totae forenses atque populares,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4: neque eo dico, quod ejus (Hermagorae) ars mihi mendosissime scripta videatur; nam satis in eā videtur ex antiquis artibus ( from the ancient works on rhetoric) ingeniose et diligenter electas res collocāsse, id. Inv. 1, 6 fin.:

illi verbis et artibus aluerunt naturae principia, hi autem institutis et legibus,

id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

artem scindens Theodori,

Juv. 7, 177.—

Grammar:

in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genitivo plurali jungi,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 96: ut in artibus lectum est, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 535.—So Ars, as the title of the later Lat. grammars: Donati Ars Grammatica, Cledonii Ars, Marii Victorini Ars, etc.; v. the grammarians in Gothofred., Putsch., Lindem., Keil.—

The knowledge, art, skill, workmanship, employed in effecting or working upon an object (Fr. adresse):

majore quādam opus est vel arte vel diligentiā,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14 fin.:

et tripodas septem pondere et arte pares,

Ov. H. 3, 32: qui canit arte, canat;

qui bibit arte, bibat,

id. A. A. 2, 506:

arte laboratae vestes,

Verg. A. 1, 639:

plausus tunc arte carebat,

was void of art, was natural, unaffected, Ov. A. A. 1, 113.—

(Concr.) The object artistically formed, a work of art:

clipeum efferri jussit Didymaonis artis,

Verg. A. 5, 359:

divite me scilicet artium, Quas aut Parrhasius protulit aut Scopas,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 5; id. Ep. 1, 6, 17.—

Artes (personified), the Muses:

artium chorus,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 19.—

Transf. from mind to morals, the moral character of a man, so far as it is made known by actions, conduct, manner of acting, habit, practice, whether good or bad:

si in te aegrotant artes antiquae tuae,

your former manner of life, conduct, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 35; cf. Hor. C. 4, 15, 12; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6 Lind.:

nempe tuā arte viginti minae Pro psaltriā periere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 24:

quid est, Quod tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius?

my assiduity, id. And. 1, 1, 4:

Hac arte (i. e. constantiā, perseverantiā) Pollux et vagus Hercules Enisus arces attigit igneas,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 9:

multae sunt artes (i. e. virtutes) eximiae, hujus administrae comitesque virtutis (sc. imperatoris),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13; id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; id. Verr. 2, 4, 37 Zumpt:

nam imperium facile his artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est,

Sall. C. 2, 4 Kritz; so id. ib. 5, 7:

cultusque artesque virorum,

Ov. M. 7, 58:

mores quoque confer et artes,

id. R. Am. 713: praeclari facinoris aut artis [p. 167] bonae famam quaerere, Sall. C. 2, 9; so id. ib. 10, 4:

animus insolens malarum artium,

id. ib. 3, 4; so Tac. A. 14, 57.—Hence also, absol. in mal. part. as in Gr. technê for cunning, artifice, fraud, stratagem:

haec arte tractabat virum,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 125 (cf. Ov. H. 17, 142):

capti eādem arte sunt, quā ceperant Fabios,

Liv. 2, 51; 3, 35:

at Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat Consilia,

Verg. A. 1, 657; so id. ib. 7, 477:

ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasgā,

id. ib. 2, 152:

talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis Credita res, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 195:

fraudes innectere ponto Antiquā parat arte,

Luc. 4, 449:

tantum illi vel ingenii vel artis vel fortunae superfuit,

Suet. Tit. 1:

fugam arte simulantes,

Vulg. Jud. 20, 32: regem summis artibus pellexit, pasêi mêchanêi, Suet. Vit. 2.

as, assis, m. (nom. assis, Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 9, and Schol. ad Pers. 2, 59; old form assārĭus, ii, m.; and in the gen. plur. assariūm, Varr. L. L. 8, § 71 Müll.; Charis. p. 58 P.) [heis, Dor. ais, Tarent. as, Hinter].

In gen., unity, a unit; as a standard for different coins, weight, measure, etc. (in Vitr. 3, 1, p. 61 Rode, perfectus numerus, the perfect number, fundamental number), acc. to the duodecimal system, divided into 12 parts, or uncias, with the following particular designations: uncia = 1s./12 duodecima (sc. pars) sextans = 2/12 = 1s./6 sexta quadrans = 3/12 = 1s./4 quarta, also teruncius or triuncis triens = 4/12 = 1s./3 tertia or quincunx = 5s./12 sextans cum quadrante semissis s. semis = 6/12 = 1s./2 dimidia septunx = 7s./12 quadrans cum triente bessis s. bes = 8/12 = 2/3, for beis s. binae partes assis. dodrans = 9/12 = 3s./4 terni quadrantes dextans s. decunx = 10/12 = 5s./6 quini sextantes deunx = 11s./12 undecim unciaeThe uncia was again divided into smaller parts: semuncia = 1/2 uncia = 1/24 assis. duella = 1/3 uncia = 1/36 assis. sicilicus (-um) = 1/4 uncia = 1/48 assis. sextula = 1/6 uncia = 1/72 assis. drachma = 1/8 uncia = 1/96 assis. hemisecla = 1/12 uncia = 1/144 assis. scripulum = 1/24 uncia = 1/288 assis.The multiples of the as received the following designations: dupondius = 2 asses. tripondius s. tressis = 3 asses. (quadressis) = 4 asses. quinquessis = 5 asses. sexis (only in the connection decussissexis in Vitr. 1. c.) = 6 asses. septissis = 7 asses. octussis = 8 asses. nonussis (novissis?) = 9 asses. decussis = 10 asses. bicessis = 20 asses. tricessis = 30 asses, and so on to centussis = 100 asses. (Cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 169 sq. Müll.)

Esp.

1.. As a copper coin, the as was, acc. to the ancient custom of weighing money, originally a pound (asses librales or aes grave), of the value of about 8 8 d. /89, or 16 2/3 cents, and was uncoined (aes rude) until Servius Tullius stamped it with the figures of animals (hence pecunia, from pecus); cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 9; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42 sqq. In the first Punic war, on account of the scarcity of money, the as was reduced to a sixth part of its original weight, i. e. two ounces; hence asses sextantarii (of the value of about 1 103 d. /297, or 2.8 cents), and the state gained five sixths. In the second Punic war, and the dictatorship of Fabius, the as was again reduced one half, to one ounce; hence asses unciales, about equal to 200 d. /297, or 1.4 cents. Finally, the Lex Papiria (A.U.C. 563, B.C. 191) reduced the as to half an ounce; hence asses semiunciales = 100 d. /297, or 7.9 1/3 mills, which continued as a standard even under the emperors. In all these reductions, however, the names of coins remained, independent of the weight of the as: uncia, sextans, quadrans, etc.; cf. Grotef. Gr. II. p. 253 sq.—From the small value of the as after the last reduction, the following phrases arose: quod non opus est, asse carum est, Cato ap. Sen. Ep. 94:

Quod (sc. pondus auri) si comminuas, vilem redigatur ad assem,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 43:

viatica ad assem Perdiderat,

to the last farthing, id. Ep. 2, 2, 27:

ad assem impendium reddere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

rumores Omnes unius aestimemus assis,

Cat. 5, 3:

Non assis facis?

id. 42, 13.—Hence,

The proverbs,

Assem habeas, assem valeas, your worth is estimated by your possessions, Petr. 77, 6:

crumena plena assium,

Gell. 20, 1.—

Assem elephanto dare, to give something (as a petition, and the like) with trembling to a superior (a metaphor derived from trained elephants, which, after playing their parts, were accustomed to take pay for themselves, which was given them with fear by the multitude; cf. Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 14), Augustus ap. Quint. 6, 3, 59, and Macr. S. 2, 4; Varr. ap. Non. p. 531, 10 sq.—

In inheritances and other money matters, where a division was made, the as, with its parts, was used to designate the portions. Thus haeres ex asse, sole heir; haeres ex semisse, he who receives one half of the inheritance; haeres ex dodrante, he who receives three fourths; and so, haeres ex besse, triente, quadrante, sextante, etc.;

ex semiunciā, ex sextulā, ex duabus sextulis, etc.,

Dig. 28, 5, 50; 34, 9, 2; Suet. Caes. 83; Cic. Caecin. 6 et saep.:

Nerva constituit, ut tu ex triente socius esses, ego ex besse,

Dig. 17, 2, 76:

bessem fundi emere ab aliquo,

ib. 26, 21, 2, § 39:

quadrans et semissis fundi,

ib. 6, 1, 8 al.;

hence, in assem, in asse, or ex asse,

in all, entirely, completely, Dig. 36, 45:

vendere fundum in assem,

ib. 20, 6, 9; so Col. 3, 3, 8 and 9:

in asse,

id. 2, 12, 7:

sic in asse flunt octo menses et dies decem,

id. 2, 12, 7:

ex asse aut ex parte possidere,

Dig. 2, 8, 15; Sid. Ep. 2, 1; 6, 12; 8, 6 al.—

As a measure of extent.

An acre, acc. to the same divisions as above, from scripulum to the as, Col. 5, 1, 9 sq.:

proscindere semissem, iterare assem,

Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 178.—

A foot, Col. 5, 3.—

Of weight, a pound, acc. to the same division; cf.

Fann. Pond. 41: In haec solide sexta face assis eat,

Ov. Med. Fac. 60.← Mathematicians (v. Vitr. l. c.) called the number 6 perfectus numerus (since 1 + 2 + 3 = 6), and formed, accordingly, the following terminology: 1 = sextans, as a dice-number. unio. 2 = triens.......... binio. 3 = semissis.......... ternio. 4 = bessis (dimoiros)..... quaternio. 5 = quintarius....... quinio. 6 = perfectus numerus.... senio. 7 = ephektos, sex adjecto asse = 6 + 1. 8 = adtertiarius, sex adjectā tertiā = 6 + 2 (epitritos). 9 = sesquialter, sex adjectā dimidiā = 6 + 3 (hêmiolios). 10 = bes alter, sex duabus partibus additis = 6 + 4 (epidimoiros). 11 = adquintarius, sex quinque partibus additis = 6 + 5 (epipentamoiros). 12 = duplio (diplasiôn).

assertor ( ads-), ōris, m. [id.], one who formally asserts that another is free or a slave.

Lit.: adsertores dicuntur vindices alienae libertatis, Don. ad Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf.

2. assero, I. A.: populo detrectante dominationem atque adsertores flagitante,

Suet. Caes. 80:

Catoni gladium adsertorem libertatis extorque,

Sen. Ep. 13.—

Trop., a defender, protector, deliverer, advocate:

publicus adsertor dominis suppressa levabo Pectora,

Ov. R. Am. 73:

senatūs adsertor,

Luc. 4, 214 (qui in libertatem defendis senatum, Schol.); Mart. 1, 53, 5:

adsertores Camilli,

id. 1, 25; Suet. Galb. 9:

dignitatis ac potentiae patriciorum,

id. Tib. 2:

quaestionis,

he who carries an inquiry entirely through, is master of the subject, Macr. S. 7, 4.—

He who claims or declares one to be a slave (cf. 2. assero, I. B.):

cum instaret adsertor puellae,

Liv. 3, 46, and besides only id. 3, 47.

as-sĭmŭlo ( adsĭmŭlo, Ritschl, Lachmann, Fleck., B. and K., Rib., Halm in Tac.; assĭmŭlo, Merk.; adsĭmĭlo, Halm in Quint., Tisch.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Lit., to make one thing like another, to consider as similar, to compare (in the class. period rare):

Linquitur, ut totis animalibus adsimulentur,

that they are like complete animals, Lucr. 2, 914:

nolite ergo adsimulari iis,

be like them, Vulg. Matt. 6, 8; 7, 24:

simile ex specie comparabili aut ex conferundā atque adsimulandā naturā judicatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42:

pictor, perceptā semel imitandi ratione, adsimulabit quidquid acceperit,

Quint. 7, 10, 9:

nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare,

Tac. G. 9:

convivia assimulare freto,

Ov. M. 5, 6:

formam totius Britanniae bipenni adsimulavere,

Tac. Agr. 10; so id. A. 1, 28; 15, 39:

os longius illi adsimulat porcum,

Claud. Eid. 2, 6:

cui adsimilāstis me,

Vulg. Isa. 46, 5; ib. Marc. 4, 30:

quam (naturam) Gadareus primus adsimulāsse aptissime visus est,

to have designated by very suitable comparisons, Suet. Tib. 57. —

To represent something that is not, as real, to imitate, counterfeit, to pretend, to feign, simulate; constr. usu. with acc.; ante - class. with inf., acc. and inf., or with quasi; v. assimilis (mostly poet. or in post - Aug. prose).

With acc.:

has bene ut adsimules nuptias,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 141:

clipeumque jubasque Divini adsimulat capitis,

Verg. A. 10, 639:

Assimulavit anum,

Ov. M. 14, 656:

odium cum conjuge falsum Phasias assimulat,

id. ib. 7, 298:

fictos timores,

Sil. 7, 136:

sermonem humanum,

Plin. 8, 30, 44, § 106:

me sic adsimulabam, quasi stolidum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 40:

se laetum,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 15:

amicum me,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 78.—

With simple inf.: furere adsimulavit, Pac. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 26, 98:

amare,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 98.—

With acc. and inf.:

ego me adsimulem insanire,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 79:

adsimulet se Tuam esse uxorem,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 195:

Nempe ut adsimulem me amore istius differri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 27; id. Poen. 3, 1, 57; id. Truc. 2, 4, 36; 2, 5, 11; 2, 5, 19:

venire me adsimulabo,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 20; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 53 al.—

With quasi:

adsimulato quasi hominem quaesiveris,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 11: Ad. Ita nos adsimulabimus. Co. Sed ita adsimulatote, quasi ego sim peregrinus, id. Poen. 3, 2, 23; id. Stich. 1, 2, 27:

adsimulabo quasi nunc exeam,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 8.—And absol.:

Obsecro, Quid si adsimulo, satin est?

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 33.—

(cf. Gron. Diatr. Stat. c. 6, p. 72 sq., and Hand ad h. l.; Quint. 7, 10, 9 Spald.; id. 10, 2, 11 Frotscher; Suet. Tib. 57 Bremi; Tac. G. 9 Passow; id. Agr. 10 Walch; Bessel, Misc. Phil. Crit. 1, 5 al.), is perh. solved in the foll. remarks: Such is the affinity of the sound of ŭ and ĭ in Lat., that when they stand in two successive syllables, separated by the semivowel l, the u is accommodated to the i. Thus, from consŭl arises consĭlĭum; from exsŭl, exsĭlĭum; from famŭl, famĭlĭa; so the terminations ĭlis and ŭlus, not ŭlis and ĭlus (these few, mutĭlus, nubĭlus, pumĭlus, [p. 181] rutĭlus, appear to be founded in the u of the first syllable; but for the heteroclites gracila, sterila, etc., a nom. sing. gracilus, sterilus, etc., is no more needed than for Bacchanal orum, a nom. Bacchanalium, and for carioras, Manil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 MSS., a form cariorus, a, um); and so it is also explained, that from the orig. facul and difficul arose faculter, facultas; difficulter, difficultas; not facŭlis, facŭliter, facŭlītas; difficŭlis, difficŭlĭter, difficŭlĭtas; but facilis, faciliter, facilitas; difficilis, difficiliter, difficilitas. This principle, applied to the derivatives of simul, shows the correctness of the orthography simulo, simulatio, simulator, with similis, similitudo, similitas; adsimulo, adsimulatio, adsimulator, with adsimilis; dissimulo, dissimulatio, dissimulator, with dissimilis and dissimilitudo, etc.; cf. Diom. p. 362 P.: Similo non dicimus, sed similis est. Sane dixerunt auctores simulat per u, hoc est homoiazei. But since the copyists knew that the more rare signif. of making like was not generically connected in the words simulare and adsimulare with the more usual one of imitating, dissembling, they wrote, where the former was required, sim i lo, adsim i lo, and gave occasion thereby to the entirely unfounded supposition that the ancients wrote, for the signif. making like, similo, adsimilo; for that of imitating, feigning, simulo, adsimulo Fr.—Hence, assĭmŭlātus ( ads-), a, um, P. a.

Made similar, similar, like:

totis mortalibus adsimulata Ipsa quoque ex aliis debent constare elementis,

Lucr. 2, 980:

montibus adsimulata Nubila,

id. 6, 189:

litterae lituraeque omnes adsimulatae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77:

Italia folio querno adsimulata,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 43:

phloginos ochrae Atticae adsimulata,

id. 37, 10, 66, § 179:

favillae adsimilatus,

Vulg. Job, 30, 19:

adsimilatus Filio Dei,

ib. Heb. 7, 3.—

Imitated, i. e. feigned, pretended, dissembled:

familiaritas adsimulata,

Cic. Clu. 13:

virtus,

id. Cael. 6, 14:

adsimulatā castrorum consuetudine,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

alia vera, alia adsimulata,

Liv. 26, 19:

minus sanguinis ac virium declamationes habent quam orationes, quod in illis vera, in his adsimilata materia est,

Quint. 10, 2, 12; 9, 2, 31 al.— Comp., sup., and adv. not in use.—

* assĭmŭlanter ( ads-), adv. (qs. from the P. a. assimulans, which is not found), in a similar manner: dicta haec, Nigid. ap. Non. p. 40, 25. ‡ * assĭpondĭum, ii, n. [as-pondus], the weight of one as, a pound weight, Varr. L. L. 5, § 169 Müll.

as-sĭmŭlo ( adsĭmŭlo, Ritschl, Lachmann, Fleck., B. and K., Rib., Halm in Tac.; assĭmŭlo, Merk.; adsĭmĭlo, Halm in Quint., Tisch.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Lit., to make one thing like another, to consider as similar, to compare (in the class. period rare):

Linquitur, ut totis animalibus adsimulentur,

that they are like complete animals, Lucr. 2, 914:

nolite ergo adsimulari iis,

be like them, Vulg. Matt. 6, 8; 7, 24:

simile ex specie comparabili aut ex conferundā atque adsimulandā naturā judicatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42:

pictor, perceptā semel imitandi ratione, adsimulabit quidquid acceperit,

Quint. 7, 10, 9:

nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare,

Tac. G. 9:

convivia assimulare freto,

Ov. M. 5, 6:

formam totius Britanniae bipenni adsimulavere,

Tac. Agr. 10; so id. A. 1, 28; 15, 39:

os longius illi adsimulat porcum,

Claud. Eid. 2, 6:

cui adsimilāstis me,

Vulg. Isa. 46, 5; ib. Marc. 4, 30:

quam (naturam) Gadareus primus adsimulāsse aptissime visus est,

to have designated by very suitable comparisons, Suet. Tib. 57. —

To represent something that is not, as real, to imitate, counterfeit, to pretend, to feign, simulate; constr. usu. with acc.; ante - class. with inf., acc. and inf., or with quasi; v. assimilis (mostly poet. or in post - Aug. prose).

With acc.:

has bene ut adsimules nuptias,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 141:

clipeumque jubasque Divini adsimulat capitis,

Verg. A. 10, 639:

Assimulavit anum,

Ov. M. 14, 656:

odium cum conjuge falsum Phasias assimulat,

id. ib. 7, 298:

fictos timores,

Sil. 7, 136:

sermonem humanum,

Plin. 8, 30, 44, § 106:

me sic adsimulabam, quasi stolidum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 40:

se laetum,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 15:

amicum me,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 78.—

With simple inf.: furere adsimulavit, Pac. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 26, 98:

amare,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 98.—

With acc. and inf.:

ego me adsimulem insanire,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 79:

adsimulet se Tuam esse uxorem,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 195:

Nempe ut adsimulem me amore istius differri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 27; id. Poen. 3, 1, 57; id. Truc. 2, 4, 36; 2, 5, 11; 2, 5, 19:

venire me adsimulabo,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 20; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 53 al.—

With quasi:

adsimulato quasi hominem quaesiveris,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 11: Ad. Ita nos adsimulabimus. Co. Sed ita adsimulatote, quasi ego sim peregrinus, id. Poen. 3, 2, 23; id. Stich. 1, 2, 27:

adsimulabo quasi nunc exeam,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 8.—And absol.:

Obsecro, Quid si adsimulo, satin est?

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 33.—

(cf. Gron. Diatr. Stat. c. 6, p. 72 sq., and Hand ad h. l.; Quint. 7, 10, 9 Spald.; id. 10, 2, 11 Frotscher; Suet. Tib. 57 Bremi; Tac. G. 9 Passow; id. Agr. 10 Walch; Bessel, Misc. Phil. Crit. 1, 5 al.), is perh. solved in the foll. remarks: Such is the affinity of the sound of ŭ and ĭ in Lat., that when they stand in two successive syllables, separated by the semivowel l, the u is accommodated to the i. Thus, from consŭl arises consĭlĭum; from exsŭl, exsĭlĭum; from famŭl, famĭlĭa; so the terminations ĭlis and ŭlus, not ŭlis and ĭlus (these few, mutĭlus, nubĭlus, pumĭlus, [p. 181] rutĭlus, appear to be founded in the u of the first syllable; but for the heteroclites gracila, sterila, etc., a nom. sing. gracilus, sterilus, etc., is no more needed than for Bacchanal orum, a nom. Bacchanalium, and for carioras, Manil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 MSS., a form cariorus, a, um); and so it is also explained, that from the orig. facul and difficul arose faculter, facultas; difficulter, difficultas; not facŭlis, facŭliter, facŭlītas; difficŭlis, difficŭlĭter, difficŭlĭtas; but facilis, faciliter, facilitas; difficilis, difficiliter, difficilitas. This principle, applied to the derivatives of simul, shows the correctness of the orthography simulo, simulatio, simulator, with similis, similitudo, similitas; adsimulo, adsimulatio, adsimulator, with adsimilis; dissimulo, dissimulatio, dissimulator, with dissimilis and dissimilitudo, etc.; cf. Diom. p. 362 P.: Similo non dicimus, sed similis est. Sane dixerunt auctores simulat per u, hoc est homoiazei. But since the copyists knew that the more rare signif. of making like was not generically connected in the words simulare and adsimulare with the more usual one of imitating, dissembling, they wrote, where the former was required, sim i lo, adsim i lo, and gave occasion thereby to the entirely unfounded supposition that the ancients wrote, for the signif. making like, similo, adsimilo; for that of imitating, feigning, simulo, adsimulo Fr.—Hence, assĭmŭlātus ( ads-), a, um, P. a.

Made similar, similar, like:

totis mortalibus adsimulata Ipsa quoque ex aliis debent constare elementis,

Lucr. 2, 980:

montibus adsimulata Nubila,

id. 6, 189:

litterae lituraeque omnes adsimulatae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77:

Italia folio querno adsimulata,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 43:

phloginos ochrae Atticae adsimulata,

id. 37, 10, 66, § 179:

favillae adsimilatus,

Vulg. Job, 30, 19:

adsimilatus Filio Dei,

ib. Heb. 7, 3.—

Imitated, i. e. feigned, pretended, dissembled:

familiaritas adsimulata,

Cic. Clu. 13:

virtus,

id. Cael. 6, 14:

adsimulatā castrorum consuetudine,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

alia vera, alia adsimulata,

Liv. 26, 19:

minus sanguinis ac virium declamationes habent quam orationes, quod in illis vera, in his adsimilata materia est,

Quint. 10, 2, 12; 9, 2, 31 al.— Comp., sup., and adv. not in use.—

* assĭmŭlanter ( ads-), adv. (qs. from the P. a. assimulans, which is not found), in a similar manner: dicta haec, Nigid. ap. Non. p. 40, 25. ‡ * assĭpondĭum, ii, n. [as-pondus], the weight of one as, a pound weight, Varr. L. L. 5, § 169 Müll.

as-sĭmŭlo ( adsĭmŭlo, Ritschl, Lachmann, Fleck., B. and K., Rib., Halm in Tac.; assĭmŭlo, Merk.; adsĭmĭlo, Halm in Quint., Tisch.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Lit., to make one thing like another, to consider as similar, to compare (in the class. period rare):

Linquitur, ut totis animalibus adsimulentur,

that they are like complete animals, Lucr. 2, 914:

nolite ergo adsimulari iis,

be like them, Vulg. Matt. 6, 8; 7, 24:

simile ex specie comparabili aut ex conferundā atque adsimulandā naturā judicatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42:

pictor, perceptā semel imitandi ratione, adsimulabit quidquid acceperit,

Quint. 7, 10, 9:

nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare,

Tac. G. 9:

convivia assimulare freto,

Ov. M. 5, 6:

formam totius Britanniae bipenni adsimulavere,

Tac. Agr. 10; so id. A. 1, 28; 15, 39:

os longius illi adsimulat porcum,

Claud. Eid. 2, 6:

cui adsimilāstis me,

Vulg. Isa. 46, 5; ib. Marc. 4, 30:

quam (naturam) Gadareus primus adsimulāsse aptissime visus est,

to have designated by very suitable comparisons, Suet. Tib. 57. —

To represent something that is not, as real, to imitate, counterfeit, to pretend, to feign, simulate; constr. usu. with acc.; ante - class. with inf., acc. and inf., or with quasi; v. assimilis (mostly poet. or in post - Aug. prose).

With acc.:

has bene ut adsimules nuptias,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 141:

clipeumque jubasque Divini adsimulat capitis,

Verg. A. 10, 639:

Assimulavit anum,

Ov. M. 14, 656:

odium cum conjuge falsum Phasias assimulat,

id. ib. 7, 298:

fictos timores,

Sil. 7, 136:

sermonem humanum,

Plin. 8, 30, 44, § 106:

me sic adsimulabam, quasi stolidum,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 40:

se laetum,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 15:

amicum me,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 78.—

With simple inf.: furere adsimulavit, Pac. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 26, 98:

amare,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 98.—

With acc. and inf.:

ego me adsimulem insanire,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 79:

adsimulet se Tuam esse uxorem,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 195:

Nempe ut adsimulem me amore istius differri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 27; id. Poen. 3, 1, 57; id. Truc. 2, 4, 36; 2, 5, 11; 2, 5, 19:

venire me adsimulabo,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 20; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 53 al.—

With quasi:

adsimulato quasi hominem quaesiveris,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 11: Ad. Ita nos adsimulabimus. Co. Sed ita adsimulatote, quasi ego sim peregrinus, id. Poen. 3, 2, 23; id. Stich. 1, 2, 27:

adsimulabo quasi nunc exeam,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 8.—And absol.:

Obsecro, Quid si adsimulo, satin est?

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 33.—

(cf. Gron. Diatr. Stat. c. 6, p. 72 sq., and Hand ad h. l.; Quint. 7, 10, 9 Spald.; id. 10, 2, 11 Frotscher; Suet. Tib. 57 Bremi; Tac. G. 9 Passow; id. Agr. 10 Walch; Bessel, Misc. Phil. Crit. 1, 5 al.), is perh. solved in the foll. remarks: Such is the affinity of the sound of ŭ and ĭ in Lat., that when they stand in two successive syllables, separated by the semivowel l, the u is accommodated to the i. Thus, from consŭl arises consĭlĭum; from exsŭl, exsĭlĭum; from famŭl, famĭlĭa; so the terminations ĭlis and ŭlus, not ŭlis and ĭlus (these few, mutĭlus, nubĭlus, pumĭlus, [p. 181] rutĭlus, appear to be founded in the u of the first syllable; but for the heteroclites gracila, sterila, etc., a nom. sing. gracilus, sterilus, etc., is no more needed than for Bacchanal orum, a nom. Bacchanalium, and for carioras, Manil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 MSS., a form cariorus, a, um); and so it is also explained, that from the orig. facul and difficul arose faculter, facultas; difficulter, difficultas; not facŭlis, facŭliter, facŭlītas; difficŭlis, difficŭlĭter, difficŭlĭtas; but facilis, faciliter, facilitas; difficilis, difficiliter, difficilitas. This principle, applied to the derivatives of simul, shows the correctness of the orthography simulo, simulatio, simulator, with similis, similitudo, similitas; adsimulo, adsimulatio, adsimulator, with adsimilis; dissimulo, dissimulatio, dissimulator, with dissimilis and dissimilitudo, etc.; cf. Diom. p. 362 P.: Similo non dicimus, sed similis est. Sane dixerunt auctores simulat per u, hoc est homoiazei. But since the copyists knew that the more rare signif. of making like was not generically connected in the words simulare and adsimulare with the more usual one of imitating, dissembling, they wrote, where the former was required, sim i lo, adsim i lo, and gave occasion thereby to the entirely unfounded supposition that the ancients wrote, for the signif. making like, similo, adsimilo; for that of imitating, feigning, simulo, adsimulo Fr.—Hence, assĭmŭlātus ( ads-), a, um, P. a.

Made similar, similar, like:

totis mortalibus adsimulata Ipsa quoque ex aliis debent constare elementis,

Lucr. 2, 980:

montibus adsimulata Nubila,

id. 6, 189:

litterae lituraeque omnes adsimulatae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77:

Italia folio querno adsimulata,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 43:

phloginos ochrae Atticae adsimulata,

id. 37, 10, 66, § 179:

favillae adsimilatus,

Vulg. Job, 30, 19:

adsimilatus Filio Dei,

ib. Heb. 7, 3.—

Imitated, i. e. feigned, pretended, dissembled:

familiaritas adsimulata,

Cic. Clu. 13:

virtus,

id. Cael. 6, 14:

adsimulatā castrorum consuetudine,

Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

alia vera, alia adsimulata,

Liv. 26, 19:

minus sanguinis ac virium declamationes habent quam orationes, quod in illis vera, in his adsimilata materia est,

Quint. 10, 2, 12; 9, 2, 31 al.— Comp., sup., and adv. not in use.—

* assĭmŭlanter ( ads-), adv. (qs. from the P. a. assimulans, which is not found), in a similar manner: dicta haec, Nigid. ap. Non. p. 40, 25. ‡ * assĭpondĭum, ii, n. [as-pondus], the weight of one as, a pound weight, Varr. L. L. 5, § 169 Müll.

augĕo, auxi, auctum, 2, v. a. and n. ( perf subj. auxitis = auxeritis, Liv. 29, 27: auceta: saepe aucta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 25 Müll.; v. Müll. ad h. l.) [Gr. auxô auxanô; Lith. augu, and augmu = growth; Sanscr. vaksh; Goth. vahsjan, and auka = growth; Germ. wachsen; Engl. wax; also allied to vegeo vegetus, vigeo vigor, vigil [p. 204] v. Curt. pp. 67, 186 sq., and Bopp, Gloss. p. 304 b].

Act., to increase, to nourish (orig., to produce, bring forth that not already in existence; in which signification only the derivative auctor is now found).

1.. To increase, enlarge, augment, strengthen, advance that which is already in existence (class. in prose and poetry; syn.: adaugeo, amplio, amplifico): Quicquid est hoc, omnia animat, format, alit, auget, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57, 131:

cibus auget corpus alitque,

Lucr. 1, 859:

redductum (animale genus) daedala tellus alit atque auget generatim pabula praebens,

id. 1, 229; 5, 220; 5, 322;

6, 946: virīs,

id. 6, 342:

in augendā re,

Cic. Rab. Post. 2; 14; so,

in augendā obruitur re,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 68:

rem strenuus auge,

increase your gains, id. ib. 1, 7, 71:

opes,

Nep. Thras. 2, 4:

possessiones,

id. Att. 12, 2:

divitias,

Vulg. Prov 22, 16:

dotem et munera,

ib. Gen. 34, 12:

rem publicam agris,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18; so Tac. H 1, 79:

aerarium,

id. A. 3, 25:

vallum et turres,

id. H. 4, 35:

classem,

Suet. Ner. 3:

tributa,

id. Vesp. 16:

pretium,

Vulg. Ezech. 16, 31:

numerum,

Suet. Aug. 37, and Vulg. Deut. 20, 19 al.:

morbum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 54:

suspitionem,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 46; Suet. Tit. 5:

industriam,

Ter. Ad. prol. 25:

molestiam,

Cic. Fl. 12:

dolorem alicui,

id. Att. 11, 22 vitium ventris, id. Cael. 19:

peccatum,

Vulg. Exod. 9, 34:

furorem,

ib. Num. 32, 14:

benevolentiam,

Cic. Lael. 9, 30: animum alicujus, to increase one ' s courage, id. Att. 10, 14; so,

animos,

Stat. Th. 10, 23:

vocem,

to strengthen, raise, Suet. Claud. 33; id. Ner. 20' hostias, to increase, multiply, id. Aug. 96:

ego te augebo et multiplicabo,

Vulg. Gen. 48, 4 al. — Poet.:

nuper et istae Auxerunt volucrum victae certamine turbam,

i. e. have been changed into birds, Ov. M. 5, 301.—

Trop., to magnify, to exalt, to extol, embellish, to praise (syn.:

laudo, laude afficere, verbis extollere, orno): homo tenuis non verbis auget suum munus, sed etiam extenuat,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 70:

aliquid augere atque ornare,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 94; so,

rem laudando,

id. Brut. 12, 47:

munus principis,

Plin. Pan. 38 al. —

Aliquem (aliquid) aliquā re, to furaish abundantly with something, to heap upon, give to, to enrich, endow, bless, load with: lunae pars ignibus aucta, the part that is entirely filled with fire, Lucr 5, 722: 3. 630: Tantā laetitiā auctus sum, ut nil constet, poët, ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 14 oaque vos omnia bene juvetis, bonis auctibus auxitis, old form of prayer in Liv. 29, 27:

alter te scientia augere potest, altera exemplis,

the one can enrich you with learning, the other furnish you with examples, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 1:

aliquid divitiis,

id. Agr. 2, 26, 69:

commodis,

id. Phil. 11, 14 fin.:

senectus augeri solet consilio, auctoritate, sententiā,

id. Sen. 6, 17:

gratulatione,

id. Phil. 14, 6:

honore,

id. ib. 9, 6:

honoribus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 11; so Tac. A. 6, 8:

honoribus praemiisque,

Suet. Caes. 52; id. Vit. 5: augeri damno, to be enriched with a loss (said comically), Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 15:

liberalitate,

Tac. A. 3, 8:

largitione,

id. ib. 13, 18:

nomine imperatorio,

id. ib. 1, 3:

cognomento Augustae,

id. ib. 12, 26 et saep.—Also without abl.:

Di me equidem omnes adjuvant, augent, amant,

Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 27, and id. Ep. 2, 2, 8:

aliquem augere atque ornare,

to advance, Cic. Fam. 7, 17:

aut augendi alterius aut minuendi sui causā aliquid dicere,

id. Part. Or. 6, 22 solum te commendat augetque temporis spatium, honors, Plin. Pan. 24; so id. ib. 26; Suet. Claud. 12.—

In the lang. of religion, t. t. (like mactare, adolere, etc.), to honor, reverence, worship by offerings:

Aliquid cedo, Qui vicini hanc nostram augeam aram [Apoliinis],

Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 10:

si quā ipse meis venatibus auxi, etc.,

Verg. A. 9, 407.—

Neutr., to grow, increase, become greater (rare; syn.: augesco, cresco, incresco; on this use of vbs. com. act., v. Ellis ad Cat. 22, 11): eo res eorum auxit, Cato ap. Gell. 18, 12, 7:

usque adeo parcunt fetus augentque labore,

Lucr. 2, 1163:

ignoscendo populi Romani magnitudinem auxisse,

Sall. H. 1 (Fragm. Orat. Philipp. contra Lepid. §

6): O decus eximium magnis virtutibus augens,

Cat. 64, 323:

balnea Romae ad infinitum auxere numerum,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 122; 2, 16, 13, § 71:

veram potentiam augere,

Tac. A. 4, 41 (Halm, augeri).—Hence, auctus, a, um, P. a., enlarged, increased, great, abundant; in posit. only as subst.:

auctum vocabatur spatium, quod super definitum modum victoriae adjungitur,

Paul. Ex Fest. p. 14 Müll. — Comp.:

tanto mi aegritudo auctior est in animo,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 2:

auctior est animi vis,

Lucr. 3, 450:

auctior et amplior majestas,

Liv. 4, 2; 3, 68; 25, 16:

auctius atque Di melius fecere,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 3.—

* Sup.: auctissima basis, Treb. Gall. 18.— Adv. probably not in use, for in App. Met. 4, p. 290 Oud., altius is the correct reading.

Ăvernus, a, um, adj., = aornos.

Without birds:

loca,

where no birds can live, on account of the pestiferous exhalations, Lucr. 6, 738 sq.; 6, 818:

aestus,

the vapor of Avernus, id. 6, 830.—But esp. Avernus lacus or absol. Avernus, Lake Avernus, near Cumœ, Puteoli, and Baiœ, almost entirely enclosed by steep and wooded hills (now Lago Averno), whose deadly exhalations killed the birds flying over it; therefore the myth placed near it the entrance to the lower world, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 61; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Lucr. 6, 746; Verg. A. 6, 201 al.; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 718 sq.; Heyne, Excurs. II. ad Verg. A. 6.—The renowned Cumæan Sibyl also dwelt in a grotto near it.— Poet., the lower world, the infernal regions, Ov. Am. 3, 9, 27; Luc. 6, 636; Mart. 7, 46 al.—Also = Acheron:

pigri sulcator Averni,

Stat. Th. 11, 588.—Personified as a deity, acc. to Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 164.—Hence,

Another adj.: Ăvernus, a, um.

Belonging to Lake Avernus:

luci,

Verg. A. 6, 118; 6, 564:

valles,

Ov. M. 10, 51:

freta,

Lake Avernus, Verg. G. 2, 164.—Also absol.: Ăverna, ōrum, n. (sc. loca), Verg. A. 3, 442; 7, 91; Ov. M. 14, 105.—

Of or belonging to the infernal regions:

stagna,

Verg. G. 4, 493:

tenebrae,

Sil. 15, 76:

Juno,

i. e. Proserpina, Ov. M. 14, 114; Sil. 13, 601 (cf.:

Juno inferna,

Verg. A. 6, 138).