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breakers

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1 ῥαχία

ῥαχία

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `breakers of the sea, hightide, spot in the surf, rocky beach' (IA.); hell. also `bustle, clamour of a mob'.

Other forms: Ion. ῥηχίη.

Derivatives: ῥαχι-ώδης `full of breakers' (Str.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: To ῥάσσω, ῥάττω, ῥήσσω `beat, bump etc.' (s.v. w. further lit.), i. e. either as nom. actionis direct from the verb (with - ία from the yot-present *Ϝρά̄χ-ι̯ω?; s. Scheller Oxytonierung 39 f.) or as orig. abstract- resp. collective formation ( οἰκ-ία, ἀντλ-ία a.o.) from *ῥᾶχος `stroke, bump'.

Page in Frisk: 2,645

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥαχία
2 ῥόθια

ῥόθῐα (τά)

1 breakers met. ἀοιδᾶν ῥόθια δεκομένα κατερεῖς (sc. Αἴγινα) Pae. 6.129

Lexicon to Pindar > ῥόθια
3 παραχαράσσω

παραχαρ-άσσω, [dialect] Att. [suff] παραχαρ-άττω,

A re-stamp, i.e. re-value the currency, metaph., Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.20,71, Str. Chr.12.23, Jul. Or.7.211b,c, Suid. s. v.γνῶθι σαυτόν; δεῖ κἀμὲ νόμισμα παρακόψαι καὶ π. τὸ βαρβαρικὸν Ἑλληνικῇ πολιτείᾳ Alexander Magn. ap. Plu.2.332c ; π. τὰ εἰς τὴν δίαιταν set up a new standard of life, Luc.Demon.5.

II esp. debase the currency, οἱ -οντες τὸ νόμισμα, κἂν μέρος λυμήνωνται, τὸ σύμπαν διεφθαρκέναι δοκοῦσιν D.Chr.31.24
:—[voice] Pass., Harp.s.v. παράσημος ῥήτωρ.

2 metaph., τὰ καθωσιωμένα παρακόπτειν καὶ π., of sabbath-breakers, Ph.2.298, cf. 562, al., Luc.Am.22 ; π. τὴν πάτριον. ὑπόθεσιν Dam.Pr. 113
.

b ὀνόματα κεκαινοτομημένα καὶ -κεχαραγμένα re-minted, i.e. used with new meanings, Aristid.Rh. 1p.508S., cf. Gal.7.834.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραχαράσσω
4 φαληριάω

φᾰληριάω,

A to be patched with white, κύματα φαληριόωντα waves crested with white foam, Il.13.799;
φαληριῶσαν σπίλον
white with breakers, Lyc.188
:
φ. στόρθυγξ
white with foam, Id.491
; λίθον λευκὰ φαληριόωντα App.Anth.3.79
(Posidipp.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φαληριάω
5 φρίσσω

φρίσσω, [dialect] Att. [full] φρίττω Pl.R. 387c: [tense] fut.

A φρίξω Gal.13.365
: [tense] aor. ἔφριξα Il.13.339
, etc.: [tense] pf. πέφρῑκα 11.383
, etc.; poet. part. πεφρίκοντες Pi.P.4.183
: [tense] plpf. ἐπεφρίκει Plu.2.781e
, Alciphr.1.1:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐφριξάμην f.l. in Polyaen.4.6.7. [[pron. full] ῑ by nature, hence to be accented φρῖσσον in Hes.Sc. 171, φρῖξαι S.El. 1408
(lyr.)]:— to be rough or uneven on the surface, bristle, φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι (sc. σταχύεσσι) Il.23.599; φρίξας κάρπιμος στάχυς E.Supp.31
; of a line of battle, ἔφριξεν μάχη ἐγχείῃσιν Il.13.339
; φάλαγγες σάκεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι 4.282
, cf. 7.62; φρίξας εὐλόφῳ σφηκώματι, of the crest of a helmet, S.Fr. 341; of a tree, φρίσσουσα ζεφύροις Pl.Eleg.25
; φιάλα χρυσῷ πεφρικυῖα Pi.I.6(5).40
; χερσὶ δεξιωνύμοις ἔφριξεν αἰθήρ, of a crowd holding up their hands to vote, A.Supp. 608; of hair, mane, or bristles, bristle up, stand on end, μηδ' ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν [τρίχες] Hes.Op. 540, cf. Arist.HA 560b8, Pr. 888a38; ἔφριξαν ἔθειραι Theoc. 25.244
; of foliage, φύλλα πεφρικότα, opp. κεκλιμένα, Thphr.HP3.9.4: c.acc. of respect, φρίξας εὖ λοφιήν having set up his bristly mane, Od.19.446; φ. τρίχας Hes.Sc. 391
; φ. νῶτον, αὐχένας, Il.13.473, Hes.Sc. 171; χαίταν Ar.Ra. 822
(lyr.); also πτεροῖσι νῶτα πεφρίκοντες bristling on their backs with feathers, Pi.P.4.183; λέοντος δέρος χαίτῃ πεφρικός E.Ph. 1121
.

2 ἄσθματι φρίσσων πνοάς ruckling in his throat, of one just dying, dub.l. in Pi.N.10.74.

3 of the rippling surface of smooth water (cf. φρίξ 1
), φ. θάλασσαι.. πνοιῇσι D.P.112
, cf. Alciphr.1.1; of breakers, ῥηγμῖνες φ. A.R.4.1575
, cf. Ael.NA7.33; also of rain, φρίσσοντες ὄμβροι Pi.P.4.81
, expld. by Sch. as φρίσσειν ποιοῦντες, cf. ὁπόταν.. φρίσσων Βορέας ἐπισπέρχῃ Id.Parth.2.18
.

II freq. of a feeling of chill, shiver, shudder:

1 of the effect of cold, shiver, Hes.Op. 512, Hp.Aff. 11, Arist.Pr. 963a33, 965a33; χωρὶς τοῦ φρῖξαι unless he catch a chill, Gal.10.803; of the teeth, chatter, D.H.Rh.10.9.

2 of the effect of fear, shudder, S.El. 1408 (lyr.), Tr. 1044; πέφρικ' ἐγὼ μέν, αὖός εἰμι τῷ δέει Men.Epit. 480
; φ. γαῖα πόντος τε h.Hom.27.8
; ἅλω δὲ πολλὴν.. ἔφριζα δινήσαντος I shuddered when he swung the vast shield round, A.Th. 490; οὐ φρίττουσιν (sc. animals) ὡς φρίττουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι Phld.D.1.12
: c. acc., shudder at one, οἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι Il.11.383
; πάντες δέ με πεφρίκασιν 24.775
, cf. Pi.O.7.38, S.Ant. 997, Ar.Nu. 1133; τῶν δημοτέων φ. τὸν ἥκιστον Herod.2.30
; τοὺς τελώνας πᾶσα νῦν θύρη φρίσσει Id.6.64
; πεφρικέναι τὸν θάνατον Phld.Mort. 39
; φρίττουσι τὴν σύντροφόν τε καὶ φίλην οἱ ἰχθύες θάλατταν Ael.NA9.57
: c. acc. et inf., πέφρικα.. Ἐρινὺν τελέσαι I tremble at the thought of her accomplishing.., A.Th. 720 (lyr.) (but not c. dat., for ἐρετμοῖσι φρίξουσι they shall shudder at the oars is f.l. for φρύξουσι in Orac. ap. Hdt.8.96): c. part., πέφρικα λεύσσων I shudder at seeing, A.Supp. 346; φ. σε δερκομένα Id.Pr. 540
(lyr.), cf. 695 (lyr.): c. inf., fear to do, D.21.135: c. Prep., φ. πρὸς τοὺς πόνους Plu.2.8f
; φ. πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν τῆς Ῥωμαίων τέχνης Lib.Or.24.16
; φ. ὑπὲρ ὧν προσήκει παθεῖν D.51.9
.

3 feel a holy thrill or awe at, ἐν ἱερῷ φ. ἅπαντα καὶ προσκυνεῖν Plu.2.26b
; τοὺς θεοὺς πέφρικα Jul.Or.7.212b
, al.

4 thrill with passionate joy, ἔφριξ' ἔρωτι S.Aj. 693
, A.Fr. 387.—Rare in early Prose, exc. in the sense of shuddering, fearing, Pl.R. 387c, Phdr. 251a, D.ll.cc.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φρίσσω
6 ἔκβρασις

ἔκ-βρᾰσις, εως, ἡ,

A pullulation, φθειρῶν Suid.

2 αἱ κοῖλαι ἐ.
breakers, EM494.14
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔκβρασις
7 ῥαχία

ῥᾱχία, [dialect] Ion. [full] ῥηχίη, ἡ,

A flood-tide, opp. ἄμπωτις, Hdt.2.11, 7.198; joined with πλημυρίς (s. v. l.), Id.8.129, cf. Hp. ap. Gal.19.135.

2 the roar of the breakers, metaph. of a crowd of people, ὄχλου τοιούτου ῥαχίαν ἠθροισμένην Posidipp.27.11
; ῥ. ποιεῖν ἐν δήμῳ Plu.2.789d
, cf. 791a: prov., ῥαχίας λαλίστερος Diogenian.7.99
.

II rocky shore or beach ( πᾶς πετρώδης αἰγιαλός Hsch.
), ἁλίστονοι ῥ. A.Pr. 713; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν ῥ. Th.4.10, cf. Plb.3.39.4, Str.16.4.23.

2 = ῥάχις 11.1, S.Fr. 1088;= ῥάχις 1
, Nonn.D.11.182, 39.334 (v. ad fin.). [ ῥᾰ- metri gr. only in late Poets, as AP7.393 (Diocl.); in sense 11.2, Nonn. Il.cc.] (Cogn. with ῥᾱσσω, ῥήσσω, and ἀράσσω; τὸν τόπον ᾧ προσαράττει τὸ κῦμα, Ael.Dion.Fr. 427: not cogn. with ῥήγνυμι, which has pan-Hellenic η.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ῥαχία
8 ῥαχιώδης

ῥᾱχιώδης, ες,

A with surf or breakers, αἰγιαλός, ἀκταί, Str.5.4.4, 12.3.11; παραλία Id.16.2.13
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ῥαχιώδης
9 ῥόθιος

ῥόθ-ιος, ον, also α, ον AP9.32, 10.2 (Antip.Sid.):—

A rushing, roaring, dashing, esp. of waves, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα βέβρυχεν ῥόθιον Od.5.412
; of oars, ῥ. πλάται E.IT 1133
(lyr.); of a ship dashing through the waves, AP10.2 (Antip. Sid.); μετὰ ῥοθίου βίας Arist.Mu. 396a14
: metaph. of an orator, Poll.6.147; of a horse, J.BJ6.2.8. Adv. - ίως Poll.4.24
codd., Vett.Val.345.33.

2 of fishes, guttling, Numen. ap. Ath.7.306d; cf. ῥοθιάζω 2
.

3 swift, πόδες Leonid.Oxy.662.45
.

II Subst. ῥόθια, τά, waves dashing on the beach, breakers, waves, S.Ph. 688 (lyr.); ἀνέμων εὐαέσσιν ῥοθίοις E.Fr.773.36
(lyr.); cf.
οὐτιδανός 11
; and collectively in sg., surf, surge, A.Pr. 1048 (anap.), E.IT 426 (lyr.), Th.4.10: esp. of the dash and sound of oars, ῥοθίοις.. κώπας E.IT 407
( κώπαις codd., lyr.), cf.Cyc.17; so in sg., Th. l.c. (acc. to Sch.), Hyp.Fr. 157, Str. 15.2.12, D.S.13.99, etc.; γλυκερὰ ῥ., of wine, AP11.64 (Agath.): generally, of rushing, dashing motion, τῆς ἵππου τὸ ῥ. ἀνέχεσθαι D.H. 6.10
, cf. Arr.Frr.164, 165 J.; so τῆς ὁρμῆς, τοῦ θυμοῦ, Luc. Tox.19,55: metaph., ἀοιδᾶν ῥόθια Pi.Pae.6.129
; ῥοθ[ίῳ τινὶ] ἥκω τύχης prob.in Men. Pk. 353.

2 loud shout, esp. of applause, ῥ. αἴρεσθαί τινι Ar.Eq. 546
: generally, tumult, riot, ἐχώρει ῥ. ἐν πόλει κακόν E.Andr. 1096
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ῥόθιος
10 ῥηγμίν

ῥηγμίν, ῖνος ( ϝρήγνῦμι): surf, breakers.

A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ῥηγμίν
11 κῦμα

κῦμα, - ατος

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: 1. `wave, breakers', also metaph. (Il.); 2. = κύημα `foetus, embryo' (A., E., AP), `young sprout' (Thphr., Gal.; Strömberg Theophrastea 79).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. κυματωγή \< *κυματο-Ϝαγή `breaking of the waves, beach' (Hdt.); ἀ-κύμων `without waves' (Pi., Trag.), also `without foetus' (E.; oppos. ἐγ-κύμων att.); also ἄ-κυμος (E., Arist.), ἀκύματος ( Trag. Adesp.) `without waves'.

Derivatives: Diminut. κυμάτιον `the volute on the Ionic capital' (inscr.); κυματ-ίης, - ίας m. `causing waves, stormy' (Ion. poet.), - ώδης (Arist.), - όεις (Arist., Opp.), - ηρός (Gloss.) `full of waves'. Denomin. 1. κυμαίνω, also with ἐκ- etc., `rise in waves, swell' (Il.) with κύμανσις (Arist.); also `become pregnant' ( γαστέρα; late Epic); 2. κυματόομαι, - όω `rise in waves, cover with waves' (Th., Luc., Plu.) with - ωσις (Str.); 3. κυματίζομαι `roll with the waves' (Arist.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [593] *ḱuh₂- `swell'

Etymology: Here also Κυμώ f. name of a Nereide (Hes.); also Κύμη? (Kretschmer Glotta 24, 277ff.). As `foetus' κῦμα is the verbal noun of κυέω. The usual and old meaning `wave' must derive from a graphical interpretation. [Lat. cŭm-ulus `heap' cannot be cognate, as it would have long ῡ]. - A stem-variation (m: p) with OCS kupъ ' σωρός' (Specht KZ 68, 123) is impossible. However, one might doubt the explanation from `swelling'.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῦμα
12 σύρω

σύρω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to draw, to trail, to drag, to pull, to ravish, to sweep'(IA.).

Other forms: Aor. σῦραι, pass. σῠρῆναι (late), fut. συρῶ (LXX), perf. σέσυρμαι, - κα (hell. a. late).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix in diff. shades of meaning, e.g. δια- (also `to hackle, to mock'), ἐπι- (also `to be, treat neglectful etc.'), κατα-, παρα-. As 1. member in σύργαστρος (s.v.)?

Derivatives: 1. σύρμα ( ἀπό-, ἐπί-, παρά-, περί-) n. `train-dress, sweepings, dragging movement' (Ion., X., hell. a. late) with συρμα-τῖτις κόπρος `manure-heap consisting of sweepings' (Thphr.; Redard 109), - τικη φωνή `drawn-out accent' (VII^p), - τὶς στρατιά ἡ τὰ συμψήγματα καὶ φρύγανα σύρουσα καὶ συλλέγουσα H. 2. συρμός ( ἐπι-, περι-, ὑπο-) m. `grinding, dragging, pulling movement' (of a wind, a gulf, a meteor, a snake a.o.; Arist. etc), `the vomiting' (Nic.); δια- σύρω `the pulling apart, to bemock' (hell. a. late); from this συρ-μάδες f. pl. `snowdrifts' (late), - μαία, Ion. - μαίη f. `vomitive, radish' (Ion., Ar. etc.), also name of a Lacon. priestrank (inscr., H.), with - μαΐζω `to take a vomitive', -μαϊσμός m. (Hdt., medic.), - μίον λάχανόν τι σελίνῳ ἐοικός H., - μιστήρ ξυλο-πώλης H. 3. συρμή f. `trailing tail of a snake' (sch.). -- 4. σύρ-της m. `towing-rope' (Man., H.), - τῶν gen. pl. (nom. sg. - της or - τός) name of a dance (Akraiphia I^p), διασύρ-της m. `slanderer' (Ptol.), δια-, ἐκ-συρτικός (hell. a. late). 5. ἀνασυρτ-όλις f. `lewd woman' (Hippon.; cf. οἰφόλις and Chantraine Form. 237 f.). 6. Prob. also Σύρτις f. name of a sea-gulf on the northcoast of Africa with sandy shores and dangerous breakers (Hdt. etc.) as "the pulling one" (cf. v. Wilamowitz on Tim. Pers. 99); metaph. `destruction' (Tim. Pers. 99, H.). 7. σύρσις f. ( διά- σύρω) `the drawing of a plough' (late). -- With φ -enlargement: 8. σύρφη φρύγανα H. 9. συρφ-ετός m. `sweepings, filth' (Hes., Call., Plu. a.o.), `rabble' (Pl. a.o.) with - ετώδης `vulgar' (Plb., Luc. a.o.); cf. νιφετός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 300, Schwyzer 501). 10. -ᾱξ m. `rabble' (Ar. V. 673 [anap.], Luc.), popular-hypocoristic formation. -- On σύρφος s. σέρφος. Cf. ἀσυρής.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Prob. to σαίρω `sweep' (s. v. w. lit.), but without certain cognates outside Greek. With σύρφ-η, - ετός, - αξ one compares a Germ. word for `sweep, turn (sweep turning), wipe off' in Goth. af-, bi-swairban ' εξαλεῖψαι, ἐκμάξαι', OHG swerban `drive quickly to and fro, whirl, wipe off' etc., to which also Celt., e.g. Welsh chwerfu `whirl, turn around' (Persson Stud. 55, WP. 2, 529f., Pok. 1050f. w. lit.). The semant. certainly possible connection presents the same phonetic problem as σέλας, σῦς etc. (s. vv.). In auslaut agrees σύρφη, prob. not accidentally, to the synonymous κάρφη; so formally influenced by it? An old variation bh: m in σύρ-φη: συρ-μός (Specht Ursprung 269) does not help; but it would show Pre-Greek origin -- The connection with σαίρω, both from *tu̯r̥- is hardly convincing.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σύρω
13 ἀνυπότακτος

ἀνυπότακτος, ον (s. ὑποτάσσω; since Polyb. 3, 36, 4).

① not made subject, independent (Epict. 2, 10, 1; 4, 1, 161; Artem. 2, 30; Vett. Val. 9, 18; 41, 3 al.; PGM 4, Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 4; Jos., Ant. 11, 217) οὐδὲν ἀφῆκεν αὐτῷ ἀ. he has left nothing that was not made subject to him i.e. he has withheld nothing from his sovereignty Hb 2:8.

② pert. to refusing submission to authority, undisciplined, disobedient, rebellious (Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 3, 13; 18; 45; 4, 5, 3; 5; Sym. 1 Km 2:12 and 10:27; Moeris p. 31 groups ἀ. with ἀφηνιαστής ‘rebel’ and ὑπερήφανος; PGM 4, 1367; PCairMasp 97 II, 49) w. ἄνομος 1 Ti 1:9. Of flagrant law-breakers Tit 1:10. Of spoiled children 1:6.—DELG s.v. τάσσω. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀνυπότακτος

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