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1 συκάμινος
A mulberry-tree,ὁ σ. συκάμιν', ὁρᾷς, φορεῖ Amphis 38
, cf. Menestor ap. Thphr.HP5.3.4, Com.Adesp.1269, etc.; there were two kinds, red (or black) and white, Thphr.CP6.6.4, HP1.6.1, al.II σ. ἡ Αἰγυπτία,= συκόμορος, ib.1.1.7, cf. PCair.Zen. 83.3 (iii B.C.), Str.17.2.4, D.S.1.34, Ev.Luc.17.6.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συκάμινος
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2 φαιός
A grey, of any colour mixed of black and white, Pl.Ti. 68c, cf. Arist.Cat. 12a18, Top. 106b6, al.: opp. to both μέλας and λευκός, in a negative sense, Pl.R. 585a; φ. ἄρτοι, opp. to λευκοί, Alex.120;τὸ ξανθὸν ἢ φ. Jul.Or.4.138d
; of mourning,φ. ἱμάτια Plb.30.4.5
;ἀποθέσθαι τὰ φ. Id.15.25.11
;φ. ἐσθής SIG1219.5
(Gambreion, iii B.C.)), D.H.5.17, D.C.49.12, al.; ἰώδης καὶ φ. χολή ([etym.] καλοῦσι δ' αὐτὴν ἰσατώδη) Gal.15.35; dark-complexioned, P.Strassb.79.2 (i B.C.).II φαιά, ἡ, name of a plaster, Androm. ap. Gal.13.906, etc. (Cf. Lith. gaĩsas 'reflected light of a blazing fire'.) -
3 ὀστρακίνδα
ὀστρᾰκ-ίνδα, Adv.A played with potsherds or oystershells (the black and white surfaces being analogous to our 'heads and tails'), [ παιδιά] Poll.9.111, Herm. in Phdr.p.90 A.: with a play onὀστρακισμός, ὀ. βλέψαι Ar.Eq. 855
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀστρακίνδα
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4 λευκός
λευκός, ή, όν (s. λευκαίνω; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 5:13; Test12Patr; JosAs; ParJer 9:18; Philo, Joseph.; SibOr 3, 617; 622; loanw. in rabb. Fig. [w. οἱ συνιέντες]: οἱ λευκοί Iren.1, 19, 2 [Harv. I 177, 1])① bright, shining, gleaming (Hom. et al.) λ. ὡς τὸ φῶς (Il. 14, 185 λ. ἠέλιος ὡς) brilliant as light Mt 17:2. λ. ἐξαστράπτων Lk 9:29. This mng. is also poss. for some of the foll. pass.② white (including, for the Greeks, many shades of that color, and always opp. of μέλας; cp. our ‘white’ wine) of hair (Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.] 7, 23 of an elderly man’s hair; Soph., Ant. 1092; Lev 13:3ff) Mt 5:36 (opp. μέλας as Menand., Samian 262 [Bodmer p. 61 app.=OxfT p. 259] of Androcles, who dyes his white hair); Rv 1:14a. Of a goatskin Hv 5:1; Hs 6, 2, 5. Of a pebble, used for voting etc. (Lucian, Harmonides 3 p. 855f ψῆφον … τὴν λευκὴν καὶ σώζουσαν) Rv 2:17. Of wool (PRyl 146, 15 [39 A.D.]; Da 7:9 ὡσεὶ ἔριον λ.; En 106:2; ParJer 9:18) 1:14b. Of apocal. horses (cp. JosAs 5:5; Zech 1:8. S. πυρρός) 6:2; 19:11, 14a. Of an apocal. monster w. the colors black, red, gold and white Hv 4, 1, 10; cp. 4, 3, 5. Of a cloud Rv 14:14. Of stones (Michel 509, 17 [241 B.C.]; OGI 219, 36; 268, 17; 339, 34; 105; et al. in ins) Hv 3, 2, 8; 3, 5, 1; 3, 6, 5; Hs 9, 4, 5; 9, 6, 4; 9, 8, 5; 9, 9, 1. Of a chair v 1, 2, 2. Of fields of ripe grain λ. πρὸς θερισμόν white for the harvest J 4:35. Of a mountain Hs 9, 1, 10; 9, 29, 1; 9, 30, 1f; 4. Of a rock 9, 2, 1. Of a throne Rv 20:11. Of garments (Plut., Aristid. 21, 4 festive garment; IPriene 205 εἰσίναι εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἁγνὸν ἐν ἐσθῆτι λευκῇ; POxy 471, 95ff; 531, 13; PGM 4, 636; Eccl 9:8; 2 Macc 11:8; Jos., Bell. 2, 1, Ant. 11, 327; TestLevi 8:2; JosAs 5:6 χιτῶνα λευκόν) Mk 9:3; 16:5 (Lucian, Philops. 25 of a heavenly messenger: νεανίας πάγκαλος λευκὸν ἱμάτιον περιβεβλημένος); Ac 1:10; Rv 3:5, 18; 4:4; 6:11; 7:9, 13. A garment is λ. ὡς χιών (Da 7:9 Theod.) Mt 28:3 (opp. of garments appropriate for mourning: Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 77); Mk 9:3 v.l.; Hs 8, 2, 3f. ἐν λευκοῖς (sc. ἱματίοις) in white (Artem. 2, 3 p. 86, 17; 4, 2 p. 205, 9) J 20:12; Rv 3:4; Hv 4, 2, 1; Hs 8, 2, 4; βύσσινον λ. a white linen garment Rv 19:14b (v.l. λευκοβύσσινον). Of a priest’s clothing made of white linen (s. Schürer II 293) Ox 840, 27. Of shoes Hv 4, 2, 1.—GRadke, D. Bedeutg. d. weissen u. schwarzen Farbe in Kult u. Brauch d. Griech. u. Römer, diss. Berlin ’36; RGradwohl, D. Farben im AT, ’63, 34–50.—On special clothing in some mystery celebrations s. SCole, Theoi Megaloi ’84, 114 n. 125.—B. 1052; 1054. DELG. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
5 λευκόν
λευκόν, τό,4 τὰ λ. the whites of the eyes, Hp.Prog.2, Alex.222.9, cf. Arist.HA 492a1.5 τὰ λ. the menstrua alba of young girls, Id.GA 738a26, HA 581b2; more generally, Hp.Prorrh.1.80, Epid. 4.22.6 of a white formation in testaceans, Arist.HA 529a3. -
6 ὄρφνινος
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὄρφνινος
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7 κηλίς
κηλίς, - ῖδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `stin (of blood), spot, defilement' (Trag., Antipho, X., Arist.).Derivatives: κηλιδόω ( καλ- Ekphant. ap. Stob. 4, 7, 64) `stain, soil' (E., Arist., Ph.), κηλιδωτός (Suid., Gloss.). - Besides κηλάς, - άδος f. adjunct of the stormclouds (Thphr.), after H. also = χειμερινη ἡμέρα and αἴξ, ἥτις κατὰ τὸ μέτωπον σημεῖον ἔχει τυλοειδές, so prop. `spotted, sparkled'; also κηλήνη μέλαινα H.Etymology: Formation as κληΐς, κνημίς a. o. (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.), like these from a noun. Whether κηλάς, κηλήνη go back on this noun is uncertain, as we must reckom with suffix-change and backformation. - An unknown word is the basis of an Italic adjective with comparable meaning Lat. cālidus `with a bless on the head' = Umbr. ( buf) kaleřuf `boves calidos' (like candidus, nitidus). To the same semantic sphere also Lith. kalýbas, -ývas `white-necked, of dogs' (with short vowel); further OIr. caile `stain' (IE. *kali̯o-). Semantically further off is Lat. cālīgō `fog, darkness', which Ernout-Meillet keep away. (Away remain Skt. kāla- `(blue)black', kalmaṣa- `spot, soil' (prob. LW [loanword], s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. vv.). Not here κελαινός with deviating vowel and peculiar formation. - Details in Pok. 547f., W.-Hofmann s. (2.) callidus and cālīgō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kalýbas, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. kal. Note that the suffix -ῑδ- is prob. Pre-GreekPage in Frisk: 1,840-841Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηλίς
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8 πελᾱργός
πελᾱργόςGrammatical information: m.Other forms: On the quantity of the α s. bel.Derivatives: πελαργ-ιδεύς m. `young stork' (Ar., Plu.; Bosshardt 46), - ικός `belonging to the stork' (H., Suid.), - ώδης `stork-like' (Str.), - ῖτις f. `kind of ἀναγαλλίς and γεράνιον' (Ps.-Dsc.), after the beak-like form of the fruit (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54). Denom. ἀντι-πελαργ-έω `to show love in return (in the way of storks)' (Aristaenet., Iamb.; on the facts Thompson Birds s. πελαργός); ἀντιπελάργ-ωσις, - ησις, - ία ( Com. Adesp. 939, 1570). -- On Πελαργικόν ( τεῖχος) s. Πελασγοί.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. Already by EM 659, 7 connected with the black\/white feathers and therefore by Kretschmer Glotta 3, 294 f. analysed as *πελαϜ-αργός; from ἀργός `white' and *πελαϜός `blackish' (to Lith. pal̃vas `sallow', πελιός etc.); improbable. The length of the α is mentioned by Phrynichos 88 (and at the same time rejected on the basis of a false etymology); cf. Schulze KZ 44, 353 f. = Kl. Schr. 268 f. -- Diff. Risch IF 59, 33: 1. member *πέλα- `skin' in ἐρυσί-πελας; not to be preferred.Page in Frisk: 2,494Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πελᾱργός
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9 ψῆφος
ψῆφος, ου, ἡ (Pind., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol, Just.; Mel., P. 92, 689; Ath. 30, 2; loanw. in Aramaic ins [ZNW 20, 1921, 253]) ‘pebble’① a pebble used in voting: a black one for conviction, a white one for acquittal, voting-pebble, used in cases of injuries and in other circumstances (Plut., Mor. 186e, Alcib. 202 [22, 2] al.) καταφέρειν ψῆφον cast a vote against Ac 26:10 (καταφέρω 2.—ψῆφον φέρειν: Philo, Deus Imm. 75; Jos., Ant, 2, 163; 10, 60 [both κατά τινος]). ἡ ψῆφος τ. μαρτυρίου condemnation to martyrdom Phlm subscr.② a pebble serving as an amulet, amulet. This may well be the sense in which the ψῆφος λευκή (Paroem. Gr.: Diogenianus 6, 9; cp. Cyranides p. 12, 9 of beryl) w. the new name on it (s. Artem. 5, 26 τοῦ Σαράπιδος τὸ ὄνομα ἐγγεγραμμένον λεπίδι χαλχῇ περὶ τὸν τράχηλον δεδέσθαι ὥσπερ σκυτίδα; PGM 5, 449 of a wonder-working stone: ὄπισθε τ. λίθου τὸ ὄνομα) is to be taken Rv 2:17ab (WHeitmüller, ‘Im Namen Jesu’ 1903, 234; WRamsay, The White Stone and the ‘Gladiatorial’ Tessera: ET 16, 1905, 558–61); perh. as entrance pass, WReader, Stadt Gottes ’71, 214.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
10 ἱμάτιον
ἱμάτιον, ου, τό (s. prec. and next entry; since Hipponax 70, Hdt., Aristoph.+) prim. ‘a piece of clothing’① clothing, apparel, gener. of any garment (PRyl 154, 8; PPetr II, 32, 18; PSI 94, 16; LXX) sg. Mt 9:16; Mk 2:21; 5:27; Lk 5:36; 8:27; Hb 1:11f (Ps 101:27); B 6:2 (Is 50:9) al. Pl. clothing (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 239) Mt 11:8 v.l.; 27:31, 35; Mk 5:28, 30; 9:3; 15:20, 24 al.; Lk 7:25; 23:34; J 19:23f; Rv 16:15. The pl. in the foll. pass. is explained by the fact that each one of a number of persons contributed one piece of clothing: Mt 21:7, 8; Mk 11:7, 8; Lk 19:35, 36 (on these pass. s. Plut., Cato Min. 764 [12, 1]); Ac 9:39 (Paradoxogr. Vat. 26 Keller ἱμάτια ἐπιδεικνύναι); Hs 9, 13, 5. ἡ τῶν ἱματίων ἀλαζών she who prides herself on her apparel AcPl Ha 2, 20.—ἀποθέσθαι ἑαυτῷ πάντα τὰ ἱ. take off all one’s (own) clothes MPol 13:2. περιαιρεῖσθαι τὰ ἱ. take off GJs 2:4. ἱ. μαλακά soft clothing Lk 7:25. λευκά white clothing Rv 3:4f, 18; 4:4; cp. Mt 17:2; Mk 9:3. μέλανα ἱ. Hs 9, 15, 1; 3 (in such cases ἱ. can be omitted, as we say ‘dressed in white’ or ‘in black’: J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Cp. B-D-F §241, 7 and λευκός 2 end). πενθικά … νυμφικά GJs 2:4 (Mel., P. 19, 132 ἱ. πενθικόν). σκυθροπότερα clothing fit for mourners AcPl Ha 2, 16. Ruined by moths Js 5:2. ἱ. κατατρίβεται wear out AcPl Ha 2, 25; 9, 9 (restored). σύνθεσις ἱματίων Hs 6, 1, 5. ἔνδυσις ἱματίων putting on clothing 1 Pt 3:3.② of outer clothing cloak, robe (Lucian, Alex. 11) Mt 9:20f; 23:5 v.l.; 24:18; Mk 5:27; 6:56; 10:50; 13:16; Lk 8:44; 22:36; J 19:2, 5; Rv 19:16. W. χιτών, the undergarment (Diod S 4, 38, 1; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 61; Diogenes, Ep. 30, 3; Diog. L. 6, 6; SIG 736, 17 [92 B.C.]; PEdg 11=Sb 6717, 9 [257 B.C.]) Ac 9:39; D 1:4; Mt 5:40 (here the order is χιτ. … ἱ.; the situation is that of a lawsuit, in which the defendant is advised to give up not only the indispensable χιτών demanded by the opponent, but the ἱ. as well); Lk 6:29 (here the order is ἱ. … χ., a sequence that suggests highway robbery, in which the robber first deprives a victim of the outer garment. Cp. UPZ 122, 14 [157 B.C.], the report of a robbery: βουλόμενός μου περιελέσθαι τὸ ἱμάτιον. Also PLille 6, 9 ἐξέδυσαν χιτῶνα … ἱμάτιον.—But Lk may have had Dt 24:10–13 in mind [ἱ. as a pledge]. Through nonretaliation the debtor shows the shamelessness of the creditor: FDanker, Jesus and the New Age, ’88, 145). ἱ. περιβάλλειν, περιβάλλεσθαι (PFay 12, 19 [c. 103 B.C.]; Gen 28:20; 1 Km 28:8 al.) J 19:2; Ac 12:8; Rv 19:13. The outer garment was laid off in order to leave the arms free Ac 7:58; 22:20; so perh. also vs. 23. It was torn as a sign of grief (oft. LXX) 14:14, and removed from a person who was to be flogged 16:22.③ Certain pass. fall betw. 1 and 2; they speak of τὰ ἱμάτια, but involve only one person, who obviously is doing someth. to one outer garment (Mussies 83): ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱ. αὐτοῦ Mt 26:65 (cp. Gen 37:29, 34; Josh 7:6; Jdth 14:16 al.). Cp. J 13:4, 12; Ac 18:6.—B 3:4 ἱμάτια is an uncertain rdg.: v.l. ἰάματα; it is a quot. fr. Is 58:8 (s. the variants there, ed. JZiegler).—Dalman, Arbeit V ’37. BHHW II 962–65. B. 395; 416. DELG s.v. ἕννυμι. M-M. TW. -
11 μισυοί
μισυοίthose who are half-white and half-black: masc nom /voc pl -
12 μισυοί
μισυοί, οἱ, -
13 τρώγω
Aτρώξομαι Ar.Ach.806
, X.Smp.4.8: [tense] aor. 1 ἔτρωξα ([etym.] κατ-) Batr.182, Hp.Nat.Mul.8, Timo66.6: [tense] aor. 2 ἔτρᾰγον, [ per.] 3sg. subj.τράγῃ Pherecr.67.5
(elsewh. only in compos. with ἐν- (q. v.), κατα-, παρα-):—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. τέτρωγμαι ([etym.] δια-) Ar.V.371, ([etym.] παρεν-) Eub.15.8:—gnaw, nibble, munch, esp. of herbivorous animals, as mules,τ. ἄγρωστιν Od.6.90
; of swine,ἐρεβίνθους τ. Ar. Ach.801
, cf. 806; of cattle, τὸν θαλλόν, κόμαρον τ., Theoc.4.45, 9.11; rarely of dogs,Εὐριπίδην ἔτρωγον Sotad.15.15
; of human beings in disease,λίθους τε καὶ γῆν τρώγουσι Hp.Prorrh.2.31
.II of men, eat vegetables or fruit,τοὺς γενομένους [κυάμους] οὔτε τρώγουσι οὔτε ἕψοντες πατέονται Hdt.2.37
; τὸ κάτω [τῆς βύβλου] ib.92;τὸν καρπὸν τοῦ λωτοῦ Id.4.177
;τ. βότρυς Ar.Eq.1077
;βολβοὺς τρώγων, τυροὺς κάπτων Anaxil.18.3
(anap.); of dessert, eat fruits, as figs, almonds, etc., Hdt.1.71, Ar.Pax1324, Pherecr.159 (v. τρωγάλια) ; ἴτρια, μελίπηκτα, Sol.38.1, Antiph.140.4; of small fish as hors-d'oeuvres,κἀν ποίᾳ πόλει τοσοῦτος < ὢν > τὸ μέγεθος ἰχθῦς τρώγεται; Eup.23
D.: abs., πίνειν καὶ τ. drink and eat dessert, D.19.197: Com. metaph.,γνώμας τ. Πανδελετείους Ar.Nu.924
(anap.):—[voice] Pass.,τρώγεται ἁπαλὰ ταῦτα καὶ αὖα Hdt.2.92
.III later, simply eat, serving as [tense] pres. to ἔφαγον instead ofἐσθίω, ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα Ev.Jo.6.54
(cf. [tense] aor. φάγητε.. πίητε ib.53);τρώγοντες καὶ πίνοντες Ev.Matt.24.38
; never in LXX (ὁ ἐσθίων ἄρτους μου LXX Ps.40(41).10
becomes ὁ τρώγων μου τὸν ἄρτον when cited in Ev.Jo.13.18); δύο τρώγομεν ἀδελφοί is dub. l. in Plb.31.23.9;ἔδωκεν εὔζωμον νήστῃ τρώγειν SIG1171.9
(Crete, perh. i B. C.); ἡ νὺξ τὴν ἡμέραν τ. (of a black man eating white bread) Diog.Cyn. ap. Sammelb.5730 (iv/v A. D.);ψυχρὰ τρώγοντα κατακαίεσθαι PMag.Lond.121.177
;ἔμοιγε, ὅσσα παρ' ἀνθρώποις, τρώγειν ἔθος Batr.34
; this usage is mentioned by AB114, censured by Phot. -
14 ἄμπελος
ἄμπελος, ἡ, any climbing plant with tendrils, esp.A grape-vine, Vitis vinifera (ἄ. οἰνοφόρος Dsc.4.181
; ἄ.τῆς Ἴδης is a variety, V.v. apyrena, grape-currant, Thphr.HP3.17.4), Hom. (not in Il. exc. in Adj. ἀμπελόεις), etc.;πυροὶ καὶ κριθαὶ καὶ ἄμπελοι Od.9.110
, cf. 133, Alc.44, Hdt. 4.195, etc.;ἄ. καὶ ἐλάαν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἀκρόδρυα Thphr.HP4.4.11
; ἄ. τὴν περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν κόπτοντες, in collective sense (cf. ἵππος, ἡ), Th.4.90; of wine,ἀμπέλου δρόσος Pi.O.7.2
;ἀμπέλου παῖς Id.N.9.52
.2ἄ. ἀγρία
wild vine, Vitis silvestris,Dsc.
4.181, 5.2, Plin.HN23.19:—also = ἄ. λευκή, Thphr.9.14.1, 9.20.3, Gal.14.186.3ἄ. λευκή
bryony, Bryonia cretica,Dsc.
4.182, Gal.11.826 (but λευκὴ ἄ. white grape, Thphr.CP1.20.5).5ἄ. ποντία
wrack, Fucus volubilis,Thphr.
HP4.6.9.II vineyard, Ael.NA11.32.IV measure of length, = 20 παλαισταί, Hero *Deff.131.V = αἰγιαλός (Cyren.), Hsch.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄμπελος
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15 ἐξαιγειρόομαι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξαιγειρόομαι
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16 ἔκτομον
ἔκτομ-ον, τό,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔκτομον
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17 ἶβις
Aἴβιος Hdt.2.76
, etc.,ἴβεως Ael.NA10.29
, Porph.Abst.4.9, Gp.13.8.5,ἴβιδος Suid.
; acc.ἶβιν Hdt.2.75
: pl.ἴβιες Arist.
(v. infr.), [dialect] Ion. acc.ἴβῑς Hdt.2.67
,75; gen. pl.ἰβίων PTeb.5.70
(ii B.C.); dat. pl.ἴβεσι Ph.2.570
, Paus.8.22.5:— ibis, an Egyptian bird, of which there were two species, white ibis, I. religiosa, and black ibis, Plegadis falcinellus, Hdt.2.75, Ar.Av. 1296, Arist.HA 617b27, etc.;ἰβίων τροφή PPetr.3p.229
(iii B.C.). -
18 βρύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `swell, teem with' (Il.).Other forms: only pres. (but βρύσας Procop.)Derivatives: βρύσις (Suid.), βρυσμός (Arc.), also PN as Βρύας, Βρύσων. - Also βρυάζω with βρυάσομαι ἀναβακχεύσομαι μετά τινος κινήσεως H. (uncertain ἀνεβρύαξαν Ar. Eq. 602) with βρυασμός `voluptuousness' (Plu.), Βρυάκτης surname of Pan (Poet. ap. Stob.). - βρύον n. `tree-moss etc.' (Hp.) with βρυώδης, βρυόεις (Nic.); βρυώνη, βρυωνία `black, white vine' (Nic., Dsc.; s. Chantr. Form. 207f.). - For βρυαλίζων s. v. - Denomin. βρυόομαι `to be grown over with βρύον' (Arist.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No etym.Page in Frisk: 1,274-275Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βρύω
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19 πήγνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: to fix, to stick, to join, to congeal or to coagulate' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. Aeol. πάγ-, also - ύω (X., Arist.), πήσσω, - ττω (hell.), aor. πῆξαι ( ἔπηκτο Λ 378; Schwyzer 751; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. παγῆναι, πηχθῆ-ναι, fut. πήξω, perf. act. intr. πέπηγα (all Il.), trans. plqu. ἐπεπήχεσαν (D. C.), midd. πέπηγμαι (D. H., Arr.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἐν-, συν-, κατα-, παρα-. Compounds: πηγεσί-μαλλος `dense of wool' (Γ 197; - εσι- prob. only enlarging, Schwyzer 444 w. n. 4); - πηξ, e.g. in ἀντί-πηξ, - γος f. `kind of chest' (E.; Bergson Eranos 58, 12 ff.); ναυ-πηγ-ός m. `shipbuilder' (Att. etc.); - πηγ-ής and - παγ-ής, e.g. εὑ-πηγ-ής. εὑ-παγ-ής `well built' (φ 334, Pl.), περιπηγ-ής `frozen around' (Nic.); συμπαγ-ής `put together' (Pl.).Derivatives: A. From the full grade: 1. πηγός `solid, dense, strong' (ep. poet. I 124), prob. prop, `fixing' (cf. Schwyzer 459, Chantraine Form. 13); second. `white', also `black' (late poetry; wrongly concluded from Hom., Kretschmer Glotta 31, 95ff., Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8, to it also Reiter Die griech. Bez. der Farben weiß, grau und braun 74 f.). 2. πηγάς, - άδος f. `hoar-frost, rime' (Hes.); 3. πηγυλίς f. `frosty, icecold' (ξ 476, A. R.), `hoar-frost, rime' (AP a.o.). 3. πῆγμα ( διά-, παρά-, σύμ-, πρόσ- πήγνυμι a.o.) n. `smth. joint together, stage, scaffold etc.' (Hp., hell.; coni. ap. A. Ag. 1198), - μάτιον (Ph., Procl.); 4. πῆξις ( σύμ-, ἔκ-, ἔμ- πήγνυμι a.o.) f. `fixing, fastening, coagulation' (Hp., Arist.); πήγνυσις f. `id.' (Ps.-Thales). 5. πηκτός, Dor. πᾱκ- ( κατά-, σύμ-, εὔ- πήγνυμι a.o.) `solid etc.' (in Att.); πηκτή f. `set up net, framework' (Ar., Arist.), πακτά f. `fresh cheese' (Theoc. a.o.; cf. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 47); ἐμπήκτης m. `one who sticks up (the Athen. judicial notes)' (Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 74); πηκτίς (Dor. Aeol. πακ-), - ίδος f. name of a Lydian harp (IA.); πηκτικός ( ἐκ- πήγνυμι) `making coagulate, congeal' (Thphr.. Dsc.). 6. πηγετός m. = παγ- (D. P.). -- B. From the zero grade: πάγος, - ετός, - ερός, πάγη, πάξ, πάχνη, s. vv. (not πάσσαλος); also πάγιος `stout, solid' (Pl., Arist.) and παγεύς m. `pedestal' (Hero). Further also πᾰκ-τός in καταπακ-τός, (Hdt.) and πακτό-ω ( ἐπι-, ἐμ- πήγνυμι) `to fix' (IA.; πακτός for trad. πηκτός in Hom.?; Wackernagel Unt. 11 f.).Etymology: Beside the νυ-present πήγ-νυ-μι (with second. full grade) stands in Latin and Germ. a zero grade formation with nasalinfix: Lat. pa-n-g-ō `consolidate, fix together' (on the semant. agreement between Greek and Lat. Schulze KZ 57, 297 = Kl. Schr. 217), Germ., e.g. Goth. fahan, OHG fāhan from PGerm. * fa-n-χ-an (IE *paḱ- beside *paǵ-) `fasten, catch'. An analogous pair is ζεύγ-νυ-μι: iu-n-g-ō. Also the reduplicated perfekt πέ-πηγ-α has a formal agreement in Lat. pe-pig-ī with zero grade as in opt. πεπαγοίην (Eup.). Phonet. identical are further πηγός and pāgus m. `district, village'; also, with secondary full grade, πηκτός and com-pāctus, πῆξις and com-pācti-ō. The original zero grade is in πακτός and păctus ( sum, beside păciscor) retained. Zero grade also, without direct connection with the Greek formations πάγος etc., in Germ., e.g. OS fac n. `encompassing frontier, NHG Fach. -- An aspirated byform Meillet finds BSL 36, 110 in Arm. p'akem `close, shut off'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 2 f., Pok. 787f., W.-Hofmann s. pangō and pacīscō. (Not here πήγανον.)Page in Frisk: 2,525-526Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πήγνυμι
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20 Κέρβερος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `name of the dog that guarded hell' (Hes. 311, where he has fifty heads). -Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: No etym. Since long connected with Skt. karbara-, śárvara- `spotted', as adj. śabála- of the two dogs of the lower world (RV. 10, 14, 10). Doubted by Mayrhofer KEWA s. karbaraḥ, where for the Skt. word, after Kuiper, Austro-Asiatic origin is considered (s. also III 297). So it has nothing to do with the Greek word. - After Pisani Riv. degli studi or. 18, 91f. Κέρβερος and śabála- are of Mediterranean origin. (Von Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 314 n. considers Κέρβερος as the creation of a poet; "man hört in ihm das Knurren eines bissigen Köters", which nobody accepted.) The old connection in Pok. 578. Lincoln ( JIES 7, 1979, 273-285) follows Schlerath, who showed that there were two hellhounds in the IE conception; this is most clear in Armenian, where Spitak `white' is the dog of life, Siaw `black' the dog of death. He ends with unfounded speculations. He may come from the East, but we have no evidence. He may as well be Pre-Greek, but I see no indication for it.Page in Frisk: 1,828-829Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Κέρβερος
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