πέπηγμαι

πήγνυμι

Aër.

perf ind mp 1st sg

πήσσω

Aër.

perf ind mp 1st sg

πήγνῡμι, [ per.] 3pl.

A

πηγνύουσι Hdt.4.72

(v.l.), Thphr.HP6.6.9, but

πηγνῦσι Hdt.

l.c. codd. plur., Hp.Vict.2.60 ; opt.

πήγνυτο Pl.Phd. 118a

codd. ; inf.

πηγνύειν X.Cyn.6.7

, Dsc.4.95: [tense] impf.

πήγνυον Orph.L. 567

([etym.] περι-), Nonn.D.5.50 : late form of [tense] pres. [full] πήσσω (q. v.): [tense] fut.

πήξω Il.22.283

; [dialect] Dor.

πάξω Pi.O.6.3

: [tense] aor. ἔπηξα, [dialect] Ep.

πῆξα Od.12.15

, etc. ; [dialect] Aeol. part.

πάξαις Pi.O.10

(II).45 : [tense] pf. πέπηχα, only [tense] plpf.

ἐμ-πεπήχεσαν D.C.40.40

:—[voice] Med. in trans. sense,

πήγνῠμαι Hes.Op. 809

: [tense] fut.

πήξομαι Gal. 10.388

: [tense] aor.

ἐπηξάμην Hes.Op. 455

, Hdt.6.12, etc.:—[voice] Pass. πήγνῠμαι : [tense] fut.

πᾰγήσομαι Ar.V. 437

, Th.4.92 ; πήξομαι (as [voice] Pass.) Hp.Aër.8: [tense] aor. 1 ἐπήχθην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

πῆχθεν Il.8.298

, [dialect] Dor. subj.

παχθῇ Theoc.23.31

, part.

πηχθείς E.Cyc. 302

: more freq. [tense] aor. 2 ἐπάγην [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep. πάγην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

πάγεν Il.11.572

; part.

παγείς A.Eu. 190

, E.IA 395 : [tense] pf. πέπηγμαι ([etym.] κατα-, συμ-) D.H.5.46, Arr.An.2.21.1: [tense] plpf.

ἐπέπηκτο Jul. Or.3.123b

; but in the best authors, πέπηγα is used as the [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., Il.3.135, etc. ; [dialect] Aeol.

πέπᾱγα Alc.34

; opt.

πεπαγοίην Eup.435

: [tense] plpf.

ἐπεπήγειν Il.13.442

, Th.3.23 :

I stick or fix in, ἐν δὲ μετώπῳ πῆξε [τὴν αἰχμήν] Il.4.460, etc. ;

ἔνθα οἱ ἔγχος ἔπηξε 13.570

;

ἐν γαίῃ π. ἐρετμόν Od.23.276

(or

γαίῃ 11.129

) ;

π. ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἐρετμόν 11.77

(or

τύμβῳ 12.15

) ; [γύην] ἐν ἐλύματι π. Hes.Op. 430;

ἔπαξε διὰ φρενῶν ξίφος Pi.N.7.26

; fix in the earth, plant,

σκῆπτρον S.El. 420

, cf. Aj. 821 ; σκηνήν, σκηνὰς π., pitch a tent, And.4.30, Pl.Lg. 817c (in [voice] Med., σκηνὰς πηξάμενοι pitching themselves tents, Hdt.6.12); σταύρωμα π. Th.6.66;

τὰς σχαλίδας π. ὑπτίας X.Cyn.6.7

; plant seeds or cuttings, Thphr.HP6.6.9, 7.4.10 : intr. [tense] pf. and [voice] Pass., δόρυ δ' ἐν κραδίῃ ἐπεπήγει the spear stuck fast in his heart, Il.13.442 ;

[δοῦρα] ἐν χροῒ πήγνυτο 15.315

;

[ὀϊστοὶ] ἐν χροῒ πῆχθεν 8.298

;

δοῦρα ἐν σάκεϊ πάγεν 11.572

;

[ξίφος] πέπηγεν ἐν γῇ S.Aj. 819

;

σκηνὴ ἔσκε πεπηγυῖα ἑτοίμη Hdt.7.119

; κυρβασίας ὀρθὰς πεπηγυίας ib.64, cf. 70 :—[voice] Med., ἐν ἀλλήλοις χείλεα πηξάμενοι, of kissing, AP5.254 (Paul. Sil.).

2 stick or fix on,

κεφαλὴν ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι Il.18.177

;

σκόλοψι δέμας E.IT 1430

;

κρᾶτα πήξασ' ἐπ' ἄκρον θύρσον Id.Ba. 1141

:—[voice] Pass., ἀμφὶ βουπόροισι πηχθέντας μέλη ὀβελοῖσι having their limbs fixed on spits, Id.Cyc. 302 ; ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες impaled, A.Eu. 190.

3 fix upon an object, κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα π. Il.3.217 : intr. [tense] pf.,

πρὸς ἀστρονομίαν ὄμματα πέπηγεν Pl.R. 53o

d, cf. Jul. l. c. ([voice] Pass.);

πεπηγυῖα τὰς τῶν ὀμμάτων βολὰς ἐς τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπόρρητα Philostr.Jun.Im.11

: c. inf., ἡ σοφία ἀρέσκειν πέπηγε is bent upon pleasing, Pl.R. 605a : abs., τὸ πεπηγὸς ὄμμα immovable eye, fixed gaze, Hp.Prorrh.1.46, cf. Gal.16.610.

II fasten [different parts] together, fit together, build,

νῆας πῆξαι Il.2.664

; ἴκρια π. Od.5.163 :—[voice] Med., πήξασθαι ἄμαξαν build oneself a wagon, Hes. Op. 455 ;

νέας πηξάμενοι Hdt.5.83

:—[voice] Pass., to be joined or put together,

ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα παγέν Pl.Phdr. 246c

.

III make solid or stiff, esp. of liquids, freeze,

θεὸς.. πήγνυσι πᾶν ῥέεθρον A.Pers. 496

; τοὺς ποταμοὺς ἔπηξε (sc. ὁ θεός) Ar.Ach. 139 ;

βορρᾶς πηγνὺς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους X. An.4.5.3

; curdle,

γάλα Dsc.4.95

:—[voice] Med., τυροὺς πήγνυσθαι to make oneself cheese (by curdling the milk), Luc.VH1.24:—[voice] Pass. and intr. [tense] pf., become solid, stiffen,

γοῦνα πήγνυται Il.22.453

;

ἄρθρα πέπηγέ μου E.HF 1395

(but also, become firm or set, of limbs, Ael.NA2.11 ;

πεπηγυῖα ὑγιεινὴ κατάστασις Gal.Thras.7

) ; of liquids, freeze,

ἡ θάλασσα πήγνυται Hdt.4.28

; ἅλες πήγνυνται salt crystallizes, ib.53, cf.6.119 ;

φόνος πέπηγεν A.Ch.67

(lyr.);

πεπάγαισιν ὐδάτων ῤόαι Alc.34

, cf. X.An.7.4.3 ; κρύσταλλος ἐπεπήγει οὐ βέβαιος was not frozen so as to bear, Th.3.23 ;

ἁνίκα [χιὼν] παχθῇ Theoc.23.31

; ὄστρακον [ᾠοῦ] π. Arist.GA 752a35; γάλα π. Id.PA 676a14 ; ὀφθαλμῶν οἱ μὲν ὑγιεῖς, οἱ δὲ πεπηγότες blind, of buds, Thphr.CP5.12.10 : metaph., to be petrified, struck dumb, Antiph.166.7.

IV metaph., fix,

ὅρους τοῖς βαρβάροις Lycurg.73

, cf. Aristopho 9.7 : Astrol., fix, determine a nativity, Sch. Ptol.Tetr. 103 :—[voice] Med., ὄφρα ἐν φρασὶ πάξαιθ', ὅπως .. that he might keep it fixed in his heart, Pi.N.3.62 ; establish,

χορούς Him.Or.16.6

:— [voice] Pass. and intr. [tense] pf., to be irrevocably fixed, established,

εἷς ὅρος ἡμῖν παγήσεται Th.4.92

; πῆγμα (Aurat. for πῆμα)

γενναίως παγέν A.Ag. 1198

;

κακῶς παγέντας ὅρκους E.IA 395

;

ὀρθὰς παγείσας φρένας Carc. 6.2

;

μὴ γὰρ ὡς θεῷ νομίζετ' ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι πράγματα ἀθάνατα D.4.8

;

τὰ καλῶς πεπηγότα τῇ φύσει Id.25.90

. (Cf. Lat. pango.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: to fix, to stick, to join, to congeal or to coagulate' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor. Aeol. πάγ-, also - ύω (X., Arist.), πήσσω, - ττω (hell.), aor. πῆξαι ( ἔπηκτο Λ 378; Schwyzer 751; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. παγῆναι, πηχθῆ-ναι, fut. πήξω, perf. act. intr. πέπηγα (all Il.), trans. plqu. ἐπεπήχεσαν (D. C.), midd. πέπηγμαι (D. H., Arr.).

Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἐν-, συν-, κατα-, παρα-. Compounds: πηγεσί-μαλλος `dense of wool' (Γ 197; - εσι- prob. only enlarging, Schwyzer 444 w. n. 4); - πηξ, e.g. in ἀντί-πηξ, - γος f. `kind of chest' (E.; Bergson Eranos 58, 12 ff.); ναυ-πηγ-ός m. `shipbuilder' (Att. etc.); - πηγ-ής and - παγ-ής, e.g. εὑ-πηγ-ής. εὑ-παγ-ής `well built' (φ 334, Pl.), περιπηγ-ής `frozen around' (Nic.); συμπαγ-ής `put together' (Pl.).

Derivatives: A. From the full grade: 1. πηγός `solid, dense, strong' (ep. poet. I 124), prob. prop, `fixing' (cf. Schwyzer 459, Chantraine Form. 13); second. `white', also `black' (late poetry; wrongly concluded from Hom., Kretschmer Glotta 31, 95ff., Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8, to it also Reiter Die griech. Bez. der Farben weiß, grau und braun 74 f.). 2. πηγάς, - άδος f. `hoar-frost, rime' (Hes.); 3. πηγυλίς f. `frosty, icecold' (ξ 476, A. R.), `hoar-frost, rime' (AP a.o.). 3. πῆγμα ( διά-, παρά-, σύμ-, πρόσ- πήγνυμι a.o.) n. `smth. joint together, stage, scaffold etc.' (Hp., hell.; coni. ap. A. Ag. 1198), - μάτιον (Ph., Procl.); 4. πῆξις ( σύμ-, ἔκ-, ἔμ- πήγνυμι a.o.) f. `fixing, fastening, coagulation' (Hp., Arist.); πήγνυσις f. `id.' (Ps.-Thales). 5. πηκτός, Dor. πᾱκ- ( κατά-, σύμ-, εὔ- πήγνυμι a.o.) `solid etc.' (in Att.); πηκτή f. `set up net, framework' (Ar., Arist.), πακτά f. `fresh cheese' (Theoc. a.o.; cf. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 47); ἐμπήκτης m. `one who sticks up (the Athen. judicial notes)' (Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 74); πηκτίς (Dor. Aeol. πακ-), - ίδος f. name of a Lydian harp (IA.); πηκτικός ( ἐκ- πήγνυμι) `making coagulate, congeal' (Thphr.. Dsc.). 6. πηγετός m. = παγ- (D. P.). -- B. From the zero grade: πάγος, - ετός, - ερός, πάγη, πάξ, πάχνη, s. vv. (not πάσσαλος); also πάγιος `stout, solid' (Pl., Arist.) and παγεύς m. `pedestal' (Hero). Further also πᾰκ-τός in καταπακ-τός, (Hdt.) and πακτό-ω ( ἐπι-, ἐμ- πήγνυμι) `to fix' (IA.; πακτός for trad. πηκτός in Hom.?; Wackernagel Unt. 11 f.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [787] * peh₂g- `make fest, fix together'

Etymology: Beside the νυ-present πήγ-νυ-μι (with second. full grade) stands in Latin and Germ. a zero grade formation with nasalinfix: Lat. pa-n-g-ō `consolidate, fix together' (on the semant. agreement between Greek and Lat. Schulze KZ 57, 297 = Kl. Schr. 217), Germ., e.g. Goth. fahan, OHG fāhan from PGerm. * fa-n-χ-an (IE *paḱ- beside *paǵ-) `fasten, catch'. An analogous pair is ζεύγ-νυ-μι: iu-n-g-ō. Also the reduplicated perfekt πέ-πηγ-α has a formal agreement in Lat. pe-pig-ī with zero grade as in opt. πεπαγοίην (Eup.). Phonet. identical are further πηγός and pāgus m. `district, village'; also, with secondary full grade, πηκτός and com-pāctus, πῆξις and com-pācti-ō. The original zero grade is in πακτός and păctus ( sum, beside păciscor) retained. Zero grade also, without direct connection with the Greek formations πάγος etc., in Germ., e.g. OS fac n. `encompassing frontier, NHG Fach. -- An aspirated byform Meillet finds BSL 36, 110 in Arm. p'akem `close, shut off'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 2 f., Pok. 787f., W.-Hofmann s. pangō and pacīscō. (Not here πήγανον.)

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