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21 ζώ-ω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `live' (Il.).Other forms: Homer has only uncontracted forms: ζώω, ζωεις, ζώει, ζωέμεν, ζώοντ-. (*ζάω is a grammarians' construction.)Dialectal forms: Myc. PN zowo, zowijo, prob. \/zōwos, zōwios\/. - Cret. δώ-ω, Att. ζῶ, ζῃ̃ς, ζῃ̃, ζῶμεν etc.., ipf. ἔζων ( ἔζην), ἔζης, -η, inf. ζῆν, fut. ζήσω, - ομαι (beside βιώσομαι), aor. ζῆσαι, ζῶσαι, βιῶσαι), perf. ἔζηκα (Arist.), ptc. ἐζωκότα (Kyzikos) for βεβίωκα (Att.),Compounds: Sometimes with ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-. From ζωός: ΖωϜό-θεμις (Cyprus Va; Masson, Beitr. z. Namenforschung 8, 161ff.). ζωγράφος `painter' (without ι?).Derivatives: ζωή (Od.), also ζόη, Dor. ζωά, ζόα, Aeol. ζοΐα (Theoc.) `life'. 2. ζωός ( ζοός, ζώς) `alive' (Il.). ζώϊον, ζῳ̃ον (from ζώς; Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 7) `living being, animal'. ζώσιμος `viable' (late). ( ἀνά-)ζῆσις `reviving' ( Theol. Ar., Dam.). Άζησία (S. Fr. 981), Άζοσία (Epid.) surname of Demeter (? Fraenkel Lexis 3, 59f.)Etymology: Generally derived from a root *gʷiē-, which is impossible as the root was * gʷeih₃-\/ gʷieh₃- (s. βιω-); also the distribution could not be explained. This agrees with the fact that Homer has only (uncontracted) forms ζωε\/ο-. So Attic etc. ζῶ, ζῃ̃ς, ἔζησα must be innovations.Page in Frisk: 1,618-619Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζώ-ω
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22 ἦθος
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: As 1. member with analog. comp.-vowel e. g. in ἠθο-ποιός `forming customs' (Arist.), as 2. member e. g. in κακο-ήθης `with bad customs' (IA).Derivatives: ἠθεῖος `reliable, beloved' (Hom., Hes.), also ἠθαῖος (Pi., Antim.), after γενναῖος a. o. (wrong J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 387, Sandsjoe - αῖος 102f.); ἠθάς, - άδος m. f. `usual, reliable' (Hp., S.) with ἠθάδιος `id.' (Opp.); ἠθικός `concerning the character' (Arist.; s. Verdenius Mnemos. 3: 12, 241ff.); ἠθαλέος `usual' (Opp., Epigr.; Debrunner IF 23, 26).Etymology: Cf. Johanna Schmidt, Ethos. Beitr. zum antiken Wertempfinden (Borna 1941); and Verdenius l. c. Differs from ἔθος only in lengthened grade, ō-grade in εἴωθα (s. v.). D.Petit, RPh. 73 (1999)87, who refers to Schindler, Flexion u. Wortbildung 259-267. - On traces of the digamma Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 150.Page in Frisk: 1,625Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἦθος
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23 ἧλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `nail-head; wart, callus' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. ἇλοςCompounds: Compp., e. g. ἀργυρό-ηλος `adorned with silver nails' (Hom.), ἡλο-κόπος `nail-smith' (pap.).Derivatives: Diminutive ἡλάριον (pap.); ἡλῖτις adjunct of λεπίς (Dsc., Aët.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 112); denomin. verb ἡλόω, mostly with prefix, e. g προσ-, ἐφ-, καθ-ηλόω `nail to' (IA, hell.) with καθήλω-σις, - μα.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Because of γάλλοι ἧλοι, which may stand for Aeolic Ϝάλλοι (no certain traces of the digamma in Hom., as ἀργυρό-ηλος can be metrically conditioned; s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 155f.), is ἧλος to be derived from *Ϝάλνος or *Ϝάλσος (cf. on Ἦλις) and could then be equated with Lat. vallus `pole, stake (of a pallissade)' (Wackernagel KZ 25, 261 = Kl. Schr. 1, 205), though the meaning is rather different pace Persson Beitr. 1, 539f. Further see W.-Hofmann s. v. - Improbable hypotheses in Bq (also Add. et corr.).Page in Frisk: 1,632Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἧλος
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24 ἡμι-
Grammatical information: comp. elementMeaning: `half-' (Il.).Compounds: In compp., e. g. ἡμισύ-τριτον n. `the third half = one and a half' (Archil. 167), ἡμιτυ-εκτου (gen.) `a half ἑκτεύς' (Cret.).Derivatives: 1. ἥμισυς (- τυς), prop. subst. m. `half' ( ὁ ἥμισυς τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ; pl. ἡμίσεις Φ 7), τὸ ἥμισυ (Il.; after τὸ ὅλον), (adj.) f. ἡμίσεια, Epid., Ther. ἡμίτεια (Brugmann Grundr.2 2, 1, 447). In compp., e. g. ἡμισύ-τριτον n. `the third half = one and a half' (Archil. 167), ἡμιτυ-εκτου (gen.) `a half ἑκτεύς' (Cret.). With regressive assimilation ἥμυσυς (Erythrae Va etc.). On Lesb. αἴμι(συς) Schwyzer 185 and 274. An ο-stem (Schwyzer 472) ἥμισσον n. `half' (\< - τϜ-ον; Dor. Arc.). Denomin. verbs ἡμισεύω `halve' with ἡμίσευμα `half' (LXX), with aphairesis μίσευμα `id.' (Perga; Wilhelm Glotta 14, 75ff.); ἡμισιάζω `id.' (Hero; cf. the verbs in - ιάζω Schwyzer 735). - 2. ἡμί̄να f. `half' (Cret., Cypr.; Bechtel Dial. 1, 448), also as measure (Sicily; from there Lat. LW [loanword] hēmīna); on the formation f. δωτί̄νη and Chantraine Formation 205, Schwyzer 491. - 3. ἡμίχα ἡμιστατῆρα H.; cf. δίχα. - See Schwyzer 434 and 599.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [905] *sēmi- `half'Etymology: Old expression for `half-', also in Skt. sāmi-, Lat. sēmi-, Germ., e. g. OHG sāmi- `id.'. The functional identity is seen in parallel (not inherited) compp.: Skt. sāmi-jīva- = Lat. sēmi-vīvus, cf. ἡμί-βιος and OHG sāmi-queck "half-living", `half-dead'. For the supposed connection with * sem- `one' (s. εἷς) (Persson Beitr. 1, 144) Gonda adduced new arguments ( Reflexions on the numerals ` one' and ` two' 35ff.).Page in Frisk: 1,636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἡμι-
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25 ἠπύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `sound loudly, cry loudly' (Il.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: ἠπύω will be based on a noon *ἦπυς `loud cry(?)' (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 165). - On the ending cf. γηρύ-ω, οἰζύ-ω, ἀΰ̄-σαι; further unclear. The comparison with Lat. vāpulō `be punished', prob. prop. `lament, wail' (Persson Beitr. 1, 495 n. 4), and further, with deviaring labial, Germ., e. g. Goth. wopjan `cry', supposes an initial digamma, from which there is no trace (dissimilation against - π-?). - Cf. on ἠχή. Improbable Fur. 236 who compares ἀύω.Page in Frisk: 1,641Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἠπύω
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26 θάλασσα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sea' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Att. θάλαττα, Lat Cretan θάλαθθα (Buck, Gr. Diall. $ 81b), Lac. in σαλασσο-μέδοισα Alc. 84.Compounds: Several compp., e. g. θαλασσο-κράτωρ (Hdt., Th.), ἀμφι-θάλασσος `surrounded by the sea' (Pi.; Bahuvrihi); often in hypostases, mostly with - ιος (- ίδιος), e. g. ἐπι-, παρα-θαλάσσιος, - ίδιος (IA).Derivatives: θαλάσσιος `belonging to the sea, maritime' (Hom.), - ία f. - ιον n. as plant name (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 114), θαλασσ-ίδιος (Hdt.), - αῖος (Simon., Pi.) `id.', θαλασσώδης `sea-like' (Hanno Peripl.), θαλασσερός m. `kind of eye-salve' (Gal.); θαλασσίτης ( οἶνος Plin.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 96). Denominatives: θαλασσ-εύω `be in the sea' (Th.), - όομαι, - όω `be filled by water from the sea, change into sea' (Arist., hell.) with θαλάσσωσις `inundation' (Thphr., Ph.), - ίζω `be like water from the sea, wash in water of the sea' (Ath., pap.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: For the notion sea, the Greeks used for the old word, limited to Italo-Celtic, Germanic, Balto-Slavic mare - Meer etc. partly old words with a new meaning, ἅλς, prop. `salt', πόντος, prop. `path', partly made others with IE elements like Greek πέλαγος. To θάλασσα belongs Maced. (?) δαλάγχαν θάλασσαν H. the attempts to explain it are doubtful: v. Windekens Beitr. z. Namenforschung 1, 200f., id. Le Pélasgique 89, Autran REIE 2, 17ff., Buck Class. Studies pres. to E. Capps (s. Idg. Jb. 22, 220), Battisti Studi etr. 16, 369ff., Pisani Rend. Acc. Lincei 7, 67ff., Vey BSL 51, 80ff., Steinhauser Μνήμης χάριν 2, 152ff. Acc. to Lesky Hermes 78, 258ff. θάλασσα was originally a foreign word for `salt water' and in this was replaced by synonymous IE ἅλς. Fur. 195 notes that it is not certain that δαλάγχαν is Macedonian (Kalléris does not give it). The word, with a prenasalized variant, is typically Pre-Greek. Furnée further connects σάλος, ζάλος, which seems possible but remains uncertain.Page in Frisk: 1,648-649Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλασσα
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27 θερμός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `warm' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 1, member, e. g. Θερμο-πύλαι (Hdt.; s. Risch IF 59, 267). On ἄ-, ἔκ-, ἔν-θερμος etc. s. below on θέρμη and θερμαίνω.Derivatives: A. Substantives. 1. θέρμη, also - μᾰ (s, Schwyzer 476 n. 2, Chantraine Formation 102 and 148) f. `warmth, heat, heat of fever' (IA) with ἄ-θερμος `without warmth' (Frisk Adj. priv. 11), ἔν-θερμος `with warmth inside, warm' (Strömberg Greek Prefix Studies 95); θερμίζω `be feverish' (Euboea). 2. θερμότης `warmth, heat' (IA). 3. θερμωλή `id.' (Hp.; Frisk Eranos 41, 52). 4. θερμέλη ἡ θέρμη Suid. (Strömberg Wortstudien 79). 5. θέρμασσα = κάμινος (Hdn. Gr. 1, 267; formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer 525f., Müller-Graupa Glotta 31, 129). - B. Adjectives: 1. θερμώδης `lukewarm' (Aret.); here Θερμώδων, - οντος river name (Boeotia, Pontos; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 2, 236; 3, 162). 2. θερμηρός adjunct of ποτήριον (H. s. κελέβη; to θέρμη?). - C. Verbs: 1. θέρμετο ipf. `became warm' (Il.), θέρμετε ipv. `warmeth!' (θ 426; after it Ar. Ra. 1339); on the formation cf. Schwyzer 722f. 2. θερμαίνω, aor. θερμῆναι `warm' (Il.), often with prefix, e. g. ἐκ-θερμαίνω `warm completely' (Hp., Arist.) with postverbal ἔκθερμος `very hot' (Vett. Val.); from there θέρμανσις `heating' (Arist.) with θερμαντικός `fit to make warm' (Pl., Arist.), θερμασία `heating, warmth' (Hp., Arist.; cf. Schwyzer 469), θέρμασμα `warming cuff' (medic.; s. Chantraine Formation 176), θερμάστρᾱ s. θερμάζω; θερμαντήρ "warmer", `kettle to cook water' (Poll.) with θερμαντήριος `warming' (Hp., inscr.). 3. θερμάζω `id.' only aor. opt. med. θερμάσσαιο (Nic. Al. 587) with θερμάστρα f. `furnace' (Call.; also to θερμαίνω); also θερμαύστρα written through confusion with θερμαυστρίς ( θέρμ-) `fire-tongs' (Arist., H.), cf. πυρ-αύστρα `id.' ( αὔειν `bring fire'); also metaph. as name of a dance (Poll., Ath.) with θερμαυστρίζω (Critias, Luc.); from θερμάστρα: θερμαστρίς ( θέρμ-) = θερμαντήρ (Eup., LXX); the forms in - αστρ-, - αυστρ- are not regularly distinguished, cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 189 w. n. 6; through dissimilation θέρμαστις meaning unclear (Attica IVa) with θερμάστιον (Aen. Tact.).Etymology: Inherited adjective, identical with Arm. ǰerm `warm', Thrak.-Phryg. germo- (in GN, e.g. Γέρμη), IE * gʷʰermo-; also in substantivized funktion Alb. zjarm, zjarr `heat'. With o-vocalism, originally substantiv., IE * gʷʰormo- in Skt. gharmá- m. `heat', OPr. gorme `id.'; sec. also adjectival in Av. garǝma-, Lat. formus, Germ., e. g. NHG warm. Uncertain Toch. A śārme `heat (?)'. More forms in W.-Hofmann s. formus, Mayrhofer Wb. s. gharmáḥ; s. on θέρομαι, θέρος.Page in Frisk: 1,664-665Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θερμός
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28 θέω 1
θέω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `run' (Il.).Other forms: fut. θεύσομαι (on the diathesis Wackernagel Syntax 1, 134), ipf. θέεσκον, later aor. θεῦσαι (Vett. Val.),Derivatives: θεῦσις `running' (Corn. ND 1), θοός `quick' (Il.) with Θόας, - αντος PN, also river name (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 2, 236; 3, 162), Θόωσα f. PN (Od., Emp.; Schwyzer 526); θοάζω `bring in quick movement, move quickly' (E.) with θόασμα `dancing place' (Orph. H. 49, 6). On βοηθόος, - θέω s. v.Etymology: The thematic root present θέ(Ϝ)ω (cf. θεῦ δεῦρο, τρέχε H. and Specht KZ 67, 219) is identical with Skt. dhavate `stream, flow' except for the diathesis. Skt. dhā́vati `run, stream' with lengthened grade has no correspondent in Greek, as ep. θείη (foll. Schulze Q. 277 for *θή(Ϝ)η) and θείειν have metr. lengthening, and the latter can stand for *θε(Ϝ)έμεν (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 102; 346; 492). - Uncertain remains the Germanic word for `dew', OHG tou m., OWNo. dǫgg, gen. dǫggwar, PGm. *dau(u̯)a-, -ō, IE *dhóu̯o-, -ā́ (would be Gr. *θό(Ϝ)ος, *θο(Ϝ)ή) Unclear also ἄδδεε ἐπείγου H. (Phrygian?; Hoffmann BB 25, 180). On Illyrian and other river names s. Pok. 260. Older lit. in Bq.Page in Frisk: 1,668-669Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θέω 1
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29 θί̄ς
θί̄ς, θῑνόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `heap, heap of sand (near the sea), dune, shore' ( Il.); on the meaning U. Finzenhagen Die geograph. Terminologie des Griechischen (Berl.-Diss. Würzburg-Aumühle 1939) 10f.Derivatives: ἀποθινόομαι `be silted up' (Plb.). As 2. member in ἀκρο-θίνια (- να) pl. (rarely sg.) `the upper part of a heap, first-fruit offer' (most. posthom. poetry), compound from ἄκρος θίς and ιο-suffix.; diff. Risch IF 59, 289.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Without explanation. Wackernagel Unt. 82 A. 2 compares Skt. dhíṣṇya- `put up on a heap of sand', subst. `heap of earth with sand', which could go back on a n-stem, IE * dhisen-, dhisn-, from where Gr. *θιων, *θιην, θῑν-, to which the nom. θΐς would be an innovation. - Often compared with NHG Düne and cognates, either as *θινϜ- to Skt. dhánvan- `dry land, continent, shore' (s. Bq; then the ι-vowel remains unexplained) or as *θϜ-ῑν- to Lith. dujà `part of dust etc.' (Persson Beitr. 43f.). Acc. to Osthoff MU 4, 236f. n. to Skt. - dh-i- in ni-dh-í- `laying down, preserving' (s. τίθημι). - The word will be a (Pre-Greek?) loan.Page in Frisk: 1,675Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θί̄ς
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30 θῑνός
θί̄ς, θῑνόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `heap, heap of sand (near the sea), dune, shore' ( Il.); on the meaning U. Finzenhagen Die geograph. Terminologie des Griechischen (Berl.-Diss. Würzburg-Aumühle 1939) 10f.Derivatives: ἀποθινόομαι `be silted up' (Plb.). As 2. member in ἀκρο-θίνια (- να) pl. (rarely sg.) `the upper part of a heap, first-fruit offer' (most. posthom. poetry), compound from ἄκρος θίς and ιο-suffix.; diff. Risch IF 59, 289.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Without explanation. Wackernagel Unt. 82 A. 2 compares Skt. dhíṣṇya- `put up on a heap of sand', subst. `heap of earth with sand', which could go back on a n-stem, IE * dhisen-, dhisn-, from where Gr. *θιων, *θιην, θῑν-, to which the nom. θΐς would be an innovation. - Often compared with NHG Düne and cognates, either as *θινϜ- to Skt. dhánvan- `dry land, continent, shore' (s. Bq; then the ι-vowel remains unexplained) or as *θϜ-ῑν- to Lith. dujà `part of dust etc.' (Persson Beitr. 43f.). Acc. to Osthoff MU 4, 236f. n. to Skt. - dh-i- in ni-dh-í- `laying down, preserving' (s. τίθημι). - The word will be a (Pre-Greek?) loan.Page in Frisk: 1,675Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θῑνός
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31 θύλακος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `sack, bag, mostly of leather' (IA);Other forms: θυλλίς θύλακος H, θυλίδες οἱ θύλακοι H.; also θῦλαξ (Com.; backformation from θυλάκιον?, Kalén Quaest. gramm. graecae 106)Compounds: As 2. member in παρσουλακίρ (= παραθυλακίς) τὸν τρίβωνα, ὅταν γένηται ὡς θύλακος H. (Lac.).Derivatives: Diminut.: θυλάκιον (IA), θυλακίς f. (Ael.), θυλακίσκος m. (Com., Dsc.). Other: θυλακή `scrotum' ( Hippiatr.), θυλακώδης (Thphr.), θυλακόεις (Nic.) `sack-like'; θυλακῖτις in plant names (Dsc.): θ. μήκων (after the capsules of the seeds), θ. νάρδος (after the acorn-like root-stock; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 36); θυλακίζειν τὸ ἀπαιτεῖν τι ἑπόμενον μετὰ θυλάκου. Ταραντῖνοι H. - Short form, poss. with hypocoristic gemination: θυλ(λ)ίς H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained; prob. foreign, like σάκκος. - Removing a κ-suffix gives *θῡλ(ο)- which has been compared with Lith. dundùlis `puffed, big-bellied', if from *dul-dùlis (Persson Beitr. 2, 798 n. 1; other suggestion by Fraenkel Lit. et Wb. s. demblỹs), in the end connected with 1. θύω; cf. Slav., e. g. Russ. dutь `blow' with dúlo `mouth (of a gun, a canon)', Ukr. dúɫo `bellows'. - The forms θαλλίς μάρσιππος μακρός, θάλλικα σάκκου εἶδος H.. with different vowel, are unexplained. - The suffix - ακ- shows Pre-Greek origin (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes).Page in Frisk: 1,691Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύλακος
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32 θῠσανος
θῠσανοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `tassels, fringe' (Il.)Other forms: gew. pl. - οι; on θυσσανόεις s. belowDerivatives: θυσσανόεις (Il.; on - σσ- s. below), θυσανωτός (Hdt., J.) `framed with tassels', θυσανώδης `tassel-like' (Thphr.), - ηδόν adv. `id.' (Ael.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Technical word in - ανος (Chantraine Formation 200). Acc. to Persson Beitr. 1, 45 from *θύσσα, from *θύθ-ι̯α, identical with Latv. duša `bundle of straw etc.'; IE *dhudh-i̯ă. A primary yot-present in θύσσεται τινάσσεται H, but Latte states that the word is an invention of grammarians to explain θύσανος. Skt. dúdhi- `tempestuous' and several Germ. words; s. Pok. 264f., but the meaning of these words is far off; a separate IE * dhudh- can hardly be reconstructed. - Older suggestions in Bq. - The word seems hardly IE. The variation σ\/σσ rather points to Pre-Greek (Fur. 387, who refers to e.g. ᾽Ὀδυσ(σ)εύς), which is understandable for a word of this meaning.Page in Frisk: 1,697Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θῠσανος
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33 ἱερός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: "holy", `dedicated to a god, divine', also in gen. praising `glorious, excellent, strong, quick etc.' (cf. below); ἱερόν n. `consecrated area, temple' (posthom.), ἱερά n. pl., rarely sg. `Weihgeschenk, sacrifice(animal)' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member in many compp., not mentioned here.Derivatives: (Dialectforms not noted): 1. ἱερεύς (Il.), Arc. Cypr. ἱερής, Ion. also ἱέρεως (hardly taken from ἀρχιέρεως, Sommer Nominalkomp. 129, Egli Heteroklisie 111f. with new explan.) m. `who performs the sacrifices (τὰ ἱερά), offerer, priest' (Schulze KZ 52, 193 = Kl. Schr. 573; after Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς rather backformation from ἱερεύω; on meaning and spread E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 81f.). From ἱερεύς: a) several feminines (cf. on βασιλεύς): ἱέρεια (Il.), Cypr. ἰερήϜιϳα, Ion. ἱερέη, -ῆ; ἱερηΐς (Megar.), ἱέρισσα (pap. IIa); b) the nouns ἱερεία `priest-ship' (Thyateira; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 311), ἱερεῖον, -ήϊον `sacrif. animal' (Il.), ἱερ(ε)ωσύνη `priest-ship' (IA) with ἱερ(ε)ώσυνος `priesterly' (hell.); c) the adjective ἱερευτικός `priesterly (pap.); d) the denominatives ἱερεύω `offer, devote' (Il.) with ἱέρευσις (sch.) and ἱερεύσιμος (Plu. 2, 729d, besides θύσιμος; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94), or from ἱερός, ἱερά; ἱερεώομαι, ἱερεώσασθαι `be priest' (hell.; Schulze Symb. phil. Danielsson 304 = Kl. Schr. 325). - 2. ἱερόλας = ἱερεύς (S. Fr. 57; uncertain; on the formation Chantraine Formation 238). - 3. ἱερῖτιν καθαρμοῦ δεομένην, ἱκέτιν H. (A. Fr. 93). - 4. ἱερατικός `priesterly, hieratic' (Pl. Plt. 290d, Arist.; cf. also ἱερατεύω, ἱερατεία below). - 5. Ι῝ερυς PN (Leumann Glotta 32, 220). - 6. Several denomin.: a) ἱερεύω, cf. om ἱερεύς; b) ἱεράομαι care for the victims ( ἱερά)' (Hdt., Th.); c) ἱεράζω `id.' (Ion. islands), Boeot. ἱαρειάδδω, prob. from ἱαρεία; d) ἱερόω `consecrate' (Att., Locr. etc.) with ἱέρωμα `consecration' (Cret., Epid. etc.), ἱερωτός (Thess.); e) ἱερίζω = καθαίρω H. (s. ἁγνίτης) with ἱεριστής `who cares for the ἱερα' and ἱερισμός `holy service' (hell.); f) ἱερατεύω `be priest' with ἱερατεία, ἱεράτευμα, ἱερατεῖον; ἱεριτεύω `id.'; ἱερωτεύω `id.' with ἱερωτεία; all dialectical, hell.; on the formation Schwyzer 732, Solmsen Glotta 1, 80.Etymology: The different meanings, partly also the variation in form induced many scholars to split ἱερός in two or even in three words. Thus one has because of the long anlaut in ἱ̄ερὸν ἰχθύν Π 407, ἱαρὸς ὄρνις (Alkm. Fr. 26) and ἱερὸς ὄρ. (AP 7, 171), which can be easily explained as metr. lengthening, assumed a special Ϝῑερός `rapid, quick', from where ἱέραξ `hawk' (s. v.). In the meaning `strong, forceful' ἱερός would however be identical with Skt. iṣirá- etwa `strong, active'; here also Celtic river names like Isara (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 121f.). A third ἱερός, as `holy', would have connections with Italic and Germanic, e. g. Osc. aisusis `sacrifiis', Paelign. aisis, Umbr. erus `dis', OHG ēra ` Ehre'. Thus esp. Schulze Q. 207ff. after Ahrens Phil. 27, 585ff., Solmsen Unt. 147ff. For uniform origin, though in parts different, Kuhn KZ 2, 274, Meillet Zeitschr. celt. Phil. 10, 309, Devoto Studi etr. 5, 316, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 21f., Specht in Schaeder ZDMG 94, 408, Duchesne-Guillemin Mélanges Boisacq 1, 333ff., who as support of the old comparison with Skt. iṣirá- pointed to the agreement between ἱερὸν μένος and Skt. iṣiréṇa mánasā (instr.). On which now R. Schmitt Dichtung u. Dichtersprache 111-114. - Kretschmer Glotta 11, 278ff. (s. also Glotta 30, 88) considered ἱερός as cross of Gr. * aisaros, * eiseros `divine' (with Etr. aesar `god' and Osc. aisusis etc.) and an IE word for `strong' (= Skt. iṣirá-). - See P. Wülfing von Martitz, Glotta 38 (1960) 272-307 and 39 (1961)24-43; s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 207. J.P. Locher, Unters. zυ ἱερός haupts. bei Homer (Berne 1963). The change ἱερός, ἱαρός, ἰ̄ρός (IE * iseros, *isr̥os, *isrós ?) Schwyzer 482 and 243; Ramat, Sprache 8 (1962) 4-28 connects Skt. iṣṇāti `set in movement', which gives * ish₁ro-. Lesbian ἶρος must be due to assimilation. Dot. ἱαρός is due to dev. before r. On the aspiration ibd. 219f. On the meaning (against ἅγιος, ἁγνός) Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 61ff.; also J. Chr. Bolkestein Ο῝σιος en εὑσεβής. diss. Amsterdam 1936, Palmer Eranos 53, 4ff., Defradas Rev. de phil. 81, 208ff. - Older lit. in Bq. García Ramón, Akten VII. Fachtagung, Innsbruck 1992, 183-205, connects 1. eis- (Pok. 299f.) `set in motion', i. e. Skt. iṣṇāti, Gr. ἰνάω (ῑ-), which gives * h₁ish₂-ro-, but assumes that between s and cons. a laryngeal was lost, giving ἰ̃ ρος etc.; - ερος and - αρος would be replacements.Page in Frisk: 1,713-714Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱερός
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34 ἵημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `send (away), let go, throw, hurl etc.'; details on the inflexion in Schwyzer 686f., 741, 770, 775.Other forms: Aor. ἕηκα, ἦκα, inf. ἕμεναι, εἷναι, med. εἵμην ( ἡκάμην), inf. ἕσθαι, pass. εἵθην, ἑθῆναι, fut. ἥσω (Il.); perf. med. εἷμαι, act. εἷκα (Att.), ἕωκα (hell.),Compounds: Mostly, in some forms exclusively, with prefix in several meanings, ἀν-, ἀφ-, ἐφ-, καθ-, προ-, συν-, ὑφ- etc.,Derivatives: Many derivv., almost only from the prefixed forms: 1. ἧμα `throwing, throw (of a javelin)' (Ψ 891; Porzig Satzinhalte 267), ἥμων `throwing (a javelin)' (Ψ 886); κάθημα, hell. - εμα (Schwyzer 523) `collar' (Antiph., LXX); μεθήμων `negligent' with - μοσύνη (Hom.), συνήμων `companion' (A. R.) with - μοσύνη `treaty, companionship' (Il.). 2. ἑσμός `swarm (of bees)' s. v. 3. ἄν-, ἄφ-, ἔξ-, ἔφ-, κάθ-εσις etc. (IA; ἕσις only Pl. Kra. 411d, 420a as artificial formation, EM 469, 49) with ἀφέσιμος a. o. (Arist.). 4. ἐννεσίαι `advice' (Il.), ἐξεσίη `sending out' (Hom.), ἀνεσία `leaving off' (Cratin.); on the formation s. ἐννεσίαι. 5. ἐνετή `clasp, needle' (Il.). 6. ἐν-, ἀφ-, καθ-ετήρ (Hp., hell.) with - ετήριος etc.; καθετηρίζω, - ισμός (medic.). 7. ἐφέται, ἐφετμή s. v.; ἀφέτης `sender, slinger' (Plb.). 8. συνετός `sensible' (Pi., Ion. Att., beside σύνεσις `reasonableness'), ἄν-, ἄφ-, κάθ-ετος etc.; ἀν-, προ-ετικός (: ἄν-, πρό-εσις; X., Arist., hell.).Etymology: The relation ἔθηκα: fēcī: ἕηκα: iēcī points to a genetic connection of the two last forms. One derived ἵημι, ἕηκα, pl. ἕεμεν from IE sē(i)-, but connection with i̯ē-k- was also considered (Bartholomae KZ 27, 355; Petersen Lang. 7, 125ff., Schwyzer 741). Connection only with iaciō is argued by Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 197f., Hirt IF 12, 229, Hofmann s. iaciō and 1. serō, Ernout-Meillet, Bq. (Only for serō Persson Beitr. 1, 358ff., Fraenkel REIE 2, 46ff. The root * seh₁- however always means `sow' (in spite of Arm. himn `basis').Page in Frisk: 1,714-715Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵημι
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35 *(Ϝ)ίμβω
*(Ϝ)ίμβω?Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `put (the horses) to (the car)'?Other forms: Note that there is no evidence for the form ἴμβω, with - β-. Aor. ἴμψας ζεύξας. Θετταλοί H.Derivatives: Ἴμψιος Ποσειδῶν ὁ Ζύγιος; γιμβάναι (= Ϝ-) ζεύγανα H. Bechtel Dial. 1, 206 adduces the Boeot. PN Ϝιμππίδας.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Two hypotheses: to Lat. vinciō `wind around, vicia `vetch' with labio-velar auslaut (s. W.-Hofmann s. v.); to Goth. bi-waibjan `wind around' etc. (Persson Beitr. 1, 323 n. 1); in both cases the meanings seem not to fit very well. I see no reason to connect the two glosses ἰψών δεσμωτήριον H. (but see also on ἶπος), and ἰψόν τὸν κισσόν. Θ\<ο\> ύριοι. Note that the gloss Ἴμψιος has - μψ- with - σ- though it is hardly an aorist. On the word formation Solmsen Wortforsch. 173 n. 2 (p. 174), Schwyzer 692; s. also Latte on γιμβάναι.Page in Frisk: 1,725-726Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > *(Ϝ)ίμβω
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36 ἰ̄ός 3
ἰ̄ός 3.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `poison' (Pi., trag., Plu.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἰο-βόρος `poison eating' (Nic., Opp.);Derivatives: ἰώδης `poisonous' (Rom. empire).Etymology: Old word for `poison', often replaced by euphemistic expressions ( φάρμακον, Lat. venēnum, Germ. gift, French poison etc.), but still present in the languages of the margin, i. e. Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic: Skt. vĭṣá- n., Av. vī̆ša-, Lat. vīrus n. (genus sec.) = Irisch fī, IE *u̯ī̆so-; on the quantity cf. e. g. the cases in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 91. Beside these thematic forms there is Av. viš- `id.' and, with deviating meaning, Skt. viṣ- `faeces'. Thus Lat. vīrus also means `tough fluidity, slime, sap'; cf. also Welsh gwyar `blood' and 4. ἰός. As IE *u̯ī̆s(o)- is prob. partly a tabuistic substitution, one considered connection with a verb, Skt. veṣati `flow out' (gramm.), with a Germ. river-name as Wisura `Weser', Vistula `Weichsel' (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 38ff.); however, these `Old European' river names of Krahe are in general pre-, i.e. non-IE. - Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 243f., W.-Hofmann s. vīrus.Page in Frisk: 1,730Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰ̄ός 3
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37 ἰοχέαιρα
Grammatical information: adj..Meaning: attribute of Artemis, also used as substantive (Hom.; Pi. P. 2, 9 [with shortening of the ἰ-], poet. inscr.), also of the φαρέτρα (AP 6, 9); also name of the viper (Nic. Fr. 33).Etymology: Since antiquity mostly explained as `shaking out arrows, arrow-shootress, from ἰός `arrow' and χέω, cf. δούρατ' ἔχευαν Ε 618; through learned play by Nic. referring to ἰός `poison'. The 2. member was shaped after χίμαιρα, γέραιρα a. o. (Schwyzer 452 a. 475, Chantraine Formation 104); as it never existed as an independent word, it cannot be seen whether it is derived from an ρ-stem *χέϜ-αρ (Benveniste Origines 27) or from an ν-stem ( πίειρα: πίων, πέπειρα: πέπων). - However, Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforschung 7, 275ff. derived it (with Pisani; objections by Belardi Doxa 3, 208, Fraenkel Ling. Posn. 4, 96) from ἰός and χείρ as `who has the arrow(s) in her hand'; this is supported by Skt. formations, e. g. íṣu-hasta- `who holds an arrow in the hand', śūla-hasta- `... a lance in...'. On the formal aspects s. on χείρ (s. v.). - Not with Ehrlich Sprachgeschichte 48 as `crying (a) hunting cry' from ἰά `cry' and a verb `call' (Skt. hávate); cf. Kretschmer Glotta 4, 350. Also R. Schmitt, Dicht. u. Dichterspr. 177ff.Page in Frisk: 1,731-732Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰοχέαιρα
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38 ἰσχίον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `hip-joint, haunches' (Il.).Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἐξ-ίσχιος `standing out from the h.' (Hp.), εὑ-ίσχιος `with beautiful h.' (hell. poetry).Derivatives: Dimin. ἰσχάριον (Hero); ἰσχιακός `belonging to the h.' (Thphr.); ἰσχιάς, - άδος f. (sc. νόσος) `pain in the h.' (Hp.) with ἰσχιαδικός (medic.), as plant-name = λευκάκανθα (Dsc., as remedy against ἰσχιάς, Strömberg Theophrastea 194); ἰσχίᾱσις = ἰσχιάς (medic.; as if from *ἰσχιάω, Schwyzer 505 and 732); denomin. verb ἰσχιάζω ( ἰσχιάδδειν H.; Lac.) `bend the h.' (Prokop., Suid., Phot., H.; uncertain Gal. 18 [1] 786).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etym. - If ἴσχι ὀσφύς H. is correct, the formation agrees with ἄλφι, μέλι and Skt. names for parts of he body like sákthi `thigh-bone', ásthi `bone' [but these prob. have -i \< -H]. Against identification of ἴσχι and sákthi (Meringer Beitr. 3, Schulze Kl. Schr. 710 n. 8) Sommer Sprachgeschichte und Wortbedeutung 426 n. 2. (Doubtful Grošelj Razprave 2, 10 to OHG hlanca `hip': OE hlanc `schlank, mager' connecting ἰσχίον to ἰσχνός; but hlanca starts from `to bend' (NHG lenken), and the formation remains unclear. - Fur. 393 connects ἰξῡ́ς, which seems quite possible: metathesis in the latter; one might assume *ikty-, cf. on ἴξαλ-ος; also Pre-Greek had several words in -ι, which is very rare in inherited Greek (Beekes, Pre-Greek, 3.1b.)Page in Frisk: 1,741Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰσχίον
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39 ἴχνος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `foortstap, trace, track, hard sole of the foot' (ρ 317).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἰχνο-σκοπέω `look after the track' (A., S., Plu.).Derivatives: ἴχνιον `id.' (Il.) with ὑπ-ίχνιος `what is under the footsole' (Q. S.). Denominative verb ἰχνεύω, also with prefix, e. g. ἀν-, ἐξ-, δι-, `trace' (Χ 192) with ἰχνευτής `bloodhound, Ichneumon' (Hdt., S.), also ἰχνευτήρ `id.' (Opp., Nonn.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 134f.) with ἰχνεύτειρα (Corcyra); ἰχνεύμων, - ονος m. "tracer", name of an Egyptian kind of weasel, `Ichneumon', also metaph. of a kind of wasps (Arist., Eub.); ἴχνευμα `trace' (Poll.); ἰχνευτικός `good in tracing' (Ph., Arr.). Also ἐξ-ιχνιάζω `trace' with ἐξιχνιασμός (LXX, Aq.), from ἴχνος after the verbs in - ιάζω (cf. Schwyzer 735) rather than from ἴχνιον. - On Ίχναίη surn. of Θέμις (h. Ap. 94), from the place Ἴχναι in southern Thessalia, s. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 203.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like ἔρ-νος, κτῆ-νος a. o., but origin unclear; perh. with Wood ClassPhil. 5, 305, Persson Beitr. 2, 563 w. n. 4 to οἴχομαι (s. v.); "en l'air" DELG. More in Bq, still Wood ClassPhil. 16, 65 and 21, 72 with diff. explanations. - The form ἴχματα ἴχνια H. perh. for ἴθματα (s. εἶμι).Page in Frisk: 1,746-747Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴχνος
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40 κάλπη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `trot' (Paus., Plu., Hippiatr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Techn. term of driving without etymology, perh. on origin onomatop. ("clapper"). Brugmann (e. g. Grundr.2 1, 260, 572) with Zupitza (Die germ. Gutturale 118) connected OPr. po-quelbton `kneeling', Lith. klùpti `kneel, stumble', Germ., e. g. Goth. hlaupan ` laufen'. See also Bq and W.-Hofmann s. callis); s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. klùpti. These forms cannot explain the - α-. Wrong also Persson Beitr. 1, 179 (to κέλης, κολυφρόν ἐλαφρόν H.). Fur. 379 compares σκαλπάζειν ῥεμβωδῶς βαδίζειν H., σκαλαπάζει ῥέμβεται H. with prothetic σ-, which makes the word Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,767Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάλπη
См. также в других словарях:
Beitr. — 1) Beitritt EN joining, entry 2) Beitrag; Beiträge EN contribution(s); paper(s), article(s) … Abkürzungen und Akronyme in der deutschsprachigen Presse Gebrauchtwagen
Beitr.-Bem.-Gr. — 1) Beitragsbemessungsgrundlage EN contribution determination principle 2) Beitragsbemessungsgrenze EN contribution determination limit … Abkürzungen und Akronyme in der deutschsprachigen Presse Gebrauchtwagen
Beitr.-Erh. — Beitragserhöhung EN increase in contribution … Abkürzungen und Akronyme in der deutschsprachigen Presse Gebrauchtwagen
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Beitr.-Verh. — Beitrittsverhandlung(en) EN negotiations for entry … Abkürzungen und Akronyme in der deutschsprachigen Presse Gebrauchtwagen
J.-Beitr. — Jahresbeitrag; Jahresbeiträge EN annual contribution(s) … Abkürzungen und Akronyme in der deutschsprachigen Presse Gebrauchtwagen
Mts.-Beitr. — Monatsbeitrag; Monatsbeiträge EN monthly contribution(s) … Abkürzungen und Akronyme in der deutschsprachigen Presse Gebrauchtwagen
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