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61 code

код; шифр; условное обозначение; программа; слово [команда] ( на машинном языке) ; свод законов [требований, правил]; кодировать; шифровать; программировать

— abort code

— air-ground liaison code

— air-signals code

— air-surface liaison code

— alphanumerical code

— ammunition color code

— ammunition identification code

— armor basic MOS code

— Army commercial vehicle code

— Army field code

— Army management structure code

— authentication code

— Basic code

— bombardment code

— book code

— break a code

— brevity code

— caption code

— cipher code

— code for the move

— code of conduct

— code of the Army Officer

— color smoke code

— combat service code

— command code

— condensation code

— control speciality code

— coordinate code

— correcting code

— crack a code

— digital code

— DOD ammunition code

— dress code

— enable code

— enciphered code

— field code

— fire mission code

— fire-control code

— grid reference code

— grid square color code

— ground-air emergency code

— honor code

— identification code

— identification cryptographic code

— identification panel code

— identification signal code

— identity code

— IFF code

— interrogation code

— jamproof code with error detection and correction

— language identification code

— laser code

— laser designator code

— laser illuminator code

— liaison code

— maintenance priority code

— map code

— map coordinate code

— map reference code

— military code

— military education level code

— military penal code

— missile laser code

— MOS code

— NATO code

— NATO intelligence subject code

— numeral code

— numerical code

— one-time code

— open code

— operational code

— operations code

— optical systems code

— originator code

— panel code

— permanent code

— personnel state code

— radar systems code

— radio telephone code

— reenlistment code

— reply code

— semafore code

— service category data code

— signal code

— signal operating instruction authentication code

— single integrated damage assessment code

— speciality code

— station identification code

— target code

— theater-level combat simulation code

— troop code

— Uniform code of Military Justice

— unit designator code

— unit identification code

— urgency justification code

— weapons effects phenomenology code

— wigwag code

— zip code

English-Russian military dictionary > code
62 element

часть, подразделение; части и подразделения ( соединения) ; отделение, секция; группа; эшелон; элемент; компонент; фактор; ав. пара, звено; см. тж. component, unit

C2 elements — органы оперативного управления

force service (support) elements — подразделения тылового обеспечения экспедиционного соединения (МП)

major C2 elements — главные органы оперативного управления

Marine air combat element(s) — боевые части и подразделения авиации МП

Marine shore establishment security element(s) — части и подразделения МП для охраны береговых объектов

US element, Allied Forces Central Europe — группа ВС США в составе ОВС НАТО на Центрально-Европейском ТВД

— air defense element

— air maneuver element

— airlift control element

— airlift element

— airspace control and management element

— artillery element

— attack element

— base element

— basic element

— basic maneuver element

— bounding element

— brigade element

— bus control element

— CBR element

— civilian affairs element

— civilian element

— close combat element

— combat elements

— combat formation element

— combat service support element

— combat support element

— command element

— committed elements

— communications support element

— communications/electronics element

— concept element

— corps artillery operations/intelligence element

— delay element

— division command element

— division main fire support element

— embarkation element

— engineer element

— enhanced radiation elements

— essential elements of information

— fighter element

— fighting element

— fire element

— fire-support coordination element

— fire-support element

— flank element

— flank security element

— flight element

— foot element

— forward ground element

— forward security element

— fuel element

— functional element

— ground combat element

— ground element

— ground maneuver element

— ground-gaining element

— holding element

— hunting element

— infantry parachute assault element

— joint test elements

— lead maneuver element

— leading element

— logistical support element

— maintenance element

— major staff element

— maneuvering element

— Marine ground elements

— message keying element

— military element

— mobility element

— national power elements

— NBC element

— nodal control element

— nuclear strike element

— operational elements

— physical security support element

— post-assault element

— prefabricated shelter elements

— prefragmented elements

— reconnaissance element

— roving AA artillery element

— scouting element

— screening element

— search element

— security element

— service support element

— signal support element

— snoop-and-poop reconnaissance element

— Special Air Service element

— supporting element

— surface-borne heavy support element

— surprise element

— tactical air coordination element

— tactical air support element

— tactical element

— tactical fire support element

— target production element

— targeting element

— task element

— terrain element

— trailing element

— transport/landing ship element

— UK element of

English-Russian military dictionary > element
63 underlying fabric

базовая структура (инфраструктура)

Syn:

basic fabric, basic structure, framework, infrastructure

см. тж. fabric intelligence

Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > underlying fabric
64 Language

   1) The Book of Nature Is Written in the Language of Mathematics

   Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)

   2) Arranging Speech so as to Reply Appropriately

   It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)

   3) No Other Animal Has the Language Capacity of the Human

   It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)

   4) Human Beings Do Not Live Only in the World of Objects

   Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reﬂection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)

   5) Language Powerfully Conditions All Our Thinking

   It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)

   6) A List of Language Games

   [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]

   Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it

   Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another

   LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)

   7) Language Constrains Certain Modes of Interpretation

   We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)

   8) We Dissect Nature in Accordance with Our Native Languages

   We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.

   The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)

   9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language

   The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)

    10) The Analysis of Certain Types of Utterances

   It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)

    11) The Dictionary of a Language Is a System of Concepts

   In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)

    12) Talk about the Evolution of the Language Capacity is Beside the Point

   In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)

    13) The Development of Language

   [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chieﬂy governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)

    14) Sentential and Conceptual Levels in Language

   he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.

   The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)

    15) Linguistic Realities Have Not Yet Been Captured by Theoretical Models

   The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.

   But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)

    16) The Final Steps to Human Language

   The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)

    17) The Inadequacy of Formal Linguistic Models for Ordinary Language Usage

    t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)

    18) When a Language Is an Abstract Machine

   A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)

    19) Metaphor and Metonymy Underpin the Formation of Linguistic Signs

   Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)

    20) Language and the Analysis of Nature

   It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)

    21) Correspondence Rules for Mapping Old Theory into Subsets of New Theory

   First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....

   Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)

    22) The Inclusion of Non- linguistic Factors in a Theory of Grammar

   If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)

    23) Language Is Inevitably Inﬂuenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction

   Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)

    24) The Genetic Blueprints of Language

   By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)

    25) Languages Are Machines

   Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
65 Memory

   1) A Unitary Search Process for All the Phenomena of Memory

   To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)

   2) Semantic Memory Is a Mental Thesaurus

   [Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)

   3) The Development of Mnemonic Codes

   The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)

   4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of Psychology

   If a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)

   5) The Constituent Elements of Memory Theory

   We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)

   6) The Problem with the Memory Metaphor

   The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)

   7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat Discouraging

   The results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)

   8) The Structure and Function of a Schema in Memory

   A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)

   9) Competence and Performance in Theories of Memory

   Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....

   Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)

    10) Metaphors of Memory

   When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....

   However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have inﬂuenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)

    11) Comparison of Primary Memory and Secondary Memory

   Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)

    12) Semantic Memory and Episodic Memory

   Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)

    13) The Relation of Memory to Thinking

   The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory
66 test

test
1. сущ.
1) а) проверка, испытание;
тест to administer, conduct, give a test ≈ проводить испытание my dad was put to test ≈ моего папу подвергли испытанию to take a test ≈ проходить испытание the banning of nuclear tests ≈ запрещение испытаний ядерного оружия our product will stand the test of time ≈ наша разработка выдержит испытание временем demanding test difficult test easy test exhaustive tests extensive tests loyalty test means test road test service test thorough tests test run б) псих. тест achievement test aptitude test free-association test intelligence test lie-detector test personality test psychological test
2) проверочная, контрольная работа;
тест (в школе, университете и т. д.;
по какому-л. предмету in, on) a test in French ≈ контрольная работа по английскому языку to draw up, make up, set a test брит. ≈ составлять контрольную, тест to bear, pass the test ≈ выдержать испытание to fail a test ≈ не выдерживать испытание Out of a total of 2,600 pupils only 920 passed the test. ≈ Из общего числа в 2600 учеников испытание выдержали только
920. She had sold her bike, taken a driving test and bought a car. ≈ Она продала свой велосипед, прошла экзамен на вождение автомобиля и купила себе машину. minimum competency test multiple-choice test proficiency test
3) доказательство;
критерий (некоторой проверки и т. п.) It is a commonplace fact that holidays are a major test of any relationship. ≈ Общеизвестно, что отдых и развлечения являются основным мерилом любых взаимоотношений. The test of any civilised society is how it treats its minorities. ≈ Доказательством цивилизованности любого общества является то, как в нем обращаются с национальными меньшинствами. Syn: standard
4) мед.;
хим. исследование, анализ;
проверка (for;
on) to carry out, conduct, do, run a test ≈ проводить, делать анализ to do a skin test for tuberculosis ≈ делать кожную пробу на туберкулез a test for the amount of butter in milk ≈ определение жирности молока They conducted a series of tests on me at the health center. ≈ В медицинском центре у меня взяли анализы. The family doctor ordered numerous, expensive medical tests, which revealed no physical problem. ≈ Семейный врач велел сделать массу дорогостоящих медицинских анализов, которые ничего не дали. blood test blood sedimentation test diagnostic test endurance test laboratory test litmus test Pap test patch test paternity test saliva test skin test tuberculin test visual test
5) хим. реактив
2. гл.
1) подвергать испытанию, проверке to test smb.'s eyesight ≈ проверять чье-л. зрение;
спорт to test the apparatus ≈ опробовать снаряд
2) тестировать, проверять с помощью тестов;
экзаменовать to test a class in algebra ≈ дать классу контрольную по алгебре
3) проверять, убеждаться
4) а) производить опыты б) обнаруживать определенные свойства в результате испытаний the water tested pure ≈ вода на поверку оказалась чистой
5) хим. подвергать действию реактива;
брать пробу ∙ test for test out
3. прил. испытательный, пробный, контрольный, проверочный test station ≈ контрольная станция test match ≈ контрольная игра (перед ответственными соревнованиями) испытание;
проба, проверка;
опробование - nuclear *s ядерые испытания - strength * автономное испытание( отдельного агрегата) - on-line * комплексное испытание (всей линии и т. п.) - preoperational * предпусковое испытание - engineering evaluation *s технические испытания - field * полевое испытание;
испытание в эксплуатационных условиях - bench * заводские испытания, испытания в заводских условиях - control * контрольные испытания - acceptance * приемочные испытания - roof * рабочие испытания - road * дорожные испытания - standard * типовое испытание - distance * (спортивное) конный пробег - * of patience испытание терпения - * for colour blindness проверка способности различать цвета - * by experiment проверка на опыте, опытная проверка - under * испытываемый, испытуемый - * data данные испытаний, эмпирические данные - * flight (авиация) испытательный полет - * specimen опытный образец - * pattern( специальное) испытательная таблица - to pass a * пройти испытания или проверку, подвергнуться проверке - to put smb. to the * подвергать кого-л. испытания - to stand the * выдерживать испытание мерило, пробный камень;
серьезное испытание;
критерий - a severe * of character серьезное испытание характера - as a * of his sincerity как доказательство его чистосердечности - it is excluded by our * это не отвечает нашим требованиям - absence is a real * of love разлука - пробный камень для любви - his writing has stood the * of time его творчество выдержало проверку временем проверочная или контрольная работа;
экзамен - *in arithmetic контрольная работа по арифметике - to give smb. a * дать кому-л. контрольную работу (психологическое) тест - to submit smb. to a * подвергнуть кого-л. тесту, дать тест кому-л. (химическое) исследование, анализ;
опыт, проба, реакция - blood * анализ крови, иссследование крови - * object объект анализа - * for starch анализ на содержание крахмала - to run a saliva * cделать анализ слюны пробирная чашка( химическое) реактив для тестов сокр. от test-match (религия) отречение от признания папской власти и догмата пресуществления подвергать испытанию;
испытывать, проверять;
опробовать - to * smb.'s eyesight проверять чье-л. зрение - to * ore for gold определять содержание золота в руде - to * the apparatus (спортивное) опробовать снаряд - to * eggs просвечивать яйца быть мерилом - the battle *ed the loyalty of his troops эта битва стала мерилом лояльности его армии - it *s your stamina to the full это настоящая проверка вашей стойкости проверять, убеждаться - he wanted to * whether a small group of specialists could show greater productivity он хотел проверить, сможет ли небольшая группа специалистов поднять производительность труда( for) пробоваться( на роль) обнаруживать определенные свойства в результате испытаний - the water *ed pure вода на поверку оказалась чистой - the car *ed good on the highway на автостраде машина показала хорошие ходовые качества тестировать, проверять с помощью тестов - to * a child for comprehension тестировать способность понимакния у ребенка экзаменовать;
давать контрольную работу - to * a class in algebra дать классу контрольную по алгебре (химическое) подвергать действию реактива (химическое) производить опыты (химическое) брать пробу (зоология) панцирь;
щит;
скорлупа (ботаника) теста, семенная кожура (юридическое) официально подтверждать acceptance ~ произ. приемочные испытания aptitude ~ испытание на пригодность aptitude ~ проверка способности;
проверка пригодности (например, к выполнению конкретной работы) aptitude ~ проверка способности asymptotic ~ вчт. асимптотический критерий asymptotical ~ вчт. асимптотический критерий basic ~ базовый тест ~ испытание;
to put to test подвергать испытанию;
to bear the test выдержать испытание;
to stand the test of time выдержать испытание временем bench ~ лабораторное испытание benchmark ~ эталонный тест benchmark ~ вчт. эталонный тест beta ~ вчт. опытная эксплуатация blind product ~ скрытая проверка изделия block voucher ~ рев. проверка блока оправдательных документов check ~ контрольные испытания check ~ проверочные испытания chi-square ~ критерий хи-квадрат compliance ~ проверка соответствия concept ~ проверка концепции изделия convergence ~ признак сходимости count ~ контроль подсчетом deceit ~ проверка на детекторе лжи driver's ~ экзамен на вождение автомобиля driving ~ дорожные испытания driving ~ эксплуатационные испытания factorial ~ стат. факторный эксперимент film ~ кинопроба будущего исполнителя роли flight ~ летное испытание general operating ~ общие испытания в условиях эксплуатации graphic ~ графическая проверка handover ~ пробная поставка inspection ~ входной контроль leg ~ вчт. тестирование ветвей link ~ вчт. испытание связей logical ~ логический контроль longevity ~ ресурсные испытания loop ~ вчт. проверка конца цикла mail ~ почтовая проверка популярности товара material ~ испытания материалов maximin ~ максиминный критерий median ~ критерий основанный на медиане model ~ испытания модели needs ~ проверка потребностей nonparametric ~ непараметрический критерий nonrandomized ~ нерандомизированный критерий normal curve ~ проверка кривой нормального распределения objective ~ объективный критерий odd ~ выборочное испытание offer ~ проверка предложения one-sided ~ односторонний критерий one-tailed ~ односторонний критерий optimality ~ критерий оптимальности package ~ рекламная проверка paternity blood ~ анализ крови для установления отцовства path ~ вчт. тестирование ветвей performance ~ тестирование эффективности;
проверка производительности post ~ повторная проверка probability-ratio ~ критерий отношения вероятностей program ~ вчт. проверка программы ~ испытание;
to put to test подвергать испытанию;
to bear the test выдержать испытание;
to stand the test of time выдержать испытание временем quality ~ контроль качества quality ~ проверка качества random ~ стат. испытание по случайной схеме randomized ~ рандомизированный критерий rank ~ ранговый критерий sales effectiveness ~ проверка эффективности сбыта sample ~ выборочный контроль sample ~ исследование выборки sign ~ вчт. проверка знака significance ~ критерий значимости single-tail ~ односторонний критерий single-tailed ~ односторонний критерий skill ~ проверка квалификации split-run ~ проверка рекламы с разбивкой тиража для размещения различных объявлений spot ~ проверка на месте ~ испытание;
to put to test подвергать испытанию;
to bear the test выдержать испытание;
to stand the test of time выдержать испытание временем static ~ вчт. статическая проверка status ~ вчт. проверка состояния suppression ~ вчт. проверка блокировки system ~ вчт. испытание системы test анализ ~ испытание, проверка, тест ~ испытание;
to put to test подвергать испытанию;
to bear the test выдержать испытание;
to stand the test of time выдержать испытание временем ~ испытание ~ испытывать ~ мед., хим. исследование, анализ;
проверка;
a test for the amount of butter in milk определение жирности молока ~ исследование ~ исследовать ~ контрольная работа ~ критерий ~ мерило;
критерий ~ мерило ~ опробовать ~ официально подтверждать ~ хим. подвергать действию реактива ~ подвергать испытанию, проверке ~ показатель ~ проба ~ проверка ~ проверочная, контрольная работа;
a test in English контрольная работа по английскому языку ~ проверять ~ проводить анализ ~ проводить испытания ~ производить опыты ~ хим. реактив ~ психол. тест ~ тест ~ экзамен ~ attr. испытательный, пробный;
контрольный, проверочный;
test station контрольная станция ~ for preference вчт. критерий предпочтения ~ мед., хим. исследование, анализ;
проверка;
a test for the amount of butter in milk определение жирности молока ~ in court засвидетельствовать в суде ~ проверочная, контрольная работа;
a test in English контрольная работа по английскому языку ~ of goodness of fit критерий согласия ~ of linearity критерий линейности ~ of randomness критерий случайности ~ attr. испытательный, пробный;
контрольный, проверочный;
test station контрольная станция two-sample ~ двухвыборочный критерий unbiased ~ несмещенный критерий volume ~ вчт. нагрузочные испытания word association ~ тест на словесную ассоциацию written ~ письменная контрольная работа written ~ письменный тест

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > test
67 staff

1. сущ.
1) эк. тр., упр. штат, кадры, персонал (совокупность работников какой-л. организации)

to reduce staff by 35 employees — сократить штат на 35 сотрудников, сократить 35 сотрудников

salaried staff — служащие с установленным окладом, служащие на окладе

The hospital has an excellent nursing staff. — В больнице работают замечательные медсестры.

Syn:

personnel 1)

See:

staff auditor, staff manager 2) junior staff, senior staff, staffing, accounting staff, administrative staff, ancillary staff, basic staff number, clerical staff, full-time staff, junior staff, overstaffed, part-time staff, regular staff, senior staff, staff appraisal, staff association, staff recruitment, temporary staff

2) воен. личный состав

Syn:

personnel 2)

3) воен. штаб (группа офицеров, которая вырабатывает, обсуждает и предлагает командующему возможные решения)

general staff — генеральный штаб

military staff — военный штаб

to reduce staff in Iraq — сократить личный состав в Ираке

He was on the general staff. — Он был приписан к генштабу.

She was assigned to the staff as an intelligence officer. — Ее приписали к штабу как офицера разведки.

4) упр. = staff organization 2),

See:

staff manager 1)
2. гл.
упр. укомплектовывать штаты, обеспечивать персоналом, набирать кадры

the Administrative Division of the Finance Department is staffed by a Director, Assistant Director, Administrative Analyst, and Secretary — административный отдел финансового бюро представлен директором, заместителем директора, аналитиком по административным вопросам и секретарем

Syn:

man 2. 1)

* * *
служащие (персонал) компании: все работники компании, обслуживающие менеджеров и специалистов, которые непосредственно ответственны за прибыль и расходы.
* * *

укомплектовывать кадрами
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > staff
68 AIT

1) Общая лексика: Agency for Instructional Television

2) Компьютерная техника: Advanced Intelligent Technology, afocal interferometer telescope

3) Авиация: Automatic Integrity Test

4) Американизм: Action Item Tracking

5) Военный термин: Army individual test, Army intelligence translator, Aryan Invasion Theory, Automatic Identification Technology, advanced individual training, advanced infantry training, automotive information test, повышенная одиночная подготовка, Advanced Individual Training (the period following Basic Training, specialized training given each soldier based on his MOS (Military Occupational Specialty), ie MOS 11B10, 11B20 received Infantry training etc.)

6) Техника: Architect In Training, augmented inspection team

7) Шутливое выражение: Ants In Training, Apathetic Incompetent Troglodytes

8) Математика: Algorithmic Information Theory

9) Юридический термин: Antiquated Inept Thieves

10) Телекоммуникации: Artificially Inflated Traffic (фиктивный телекоммуникационный трафик, генерируемый автоматическими устройствами, а не реальными абонентами)

11) Сокращение: American Institute of Technology, Assembly Inspection / Integration Test, Atmospheric Interceptor Technology, Average Instruction Time

12) Театр: Arts Initiative Tokyo

13) Университет: Advanced Institutional Training

14) Физиология: Acute Intensive Treatment, Auditory Integration Therapy

15) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony; drive), Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony, Streamer), Angewandte InformationsTechnik (verlags gmbh, Hersteller), advanced intelligent tape

16) Нефть: Array Induction Imager Tool

17) Космонавтика: Asian Institute of Technology

18) Банковское дело: advance income tax-досрочный подоходный налог

19) Транспорт: Automated Identification Technology, Automated Information Transfer

20) СМИ: African Independent Television

21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: array induction tool

22) Образование: Agency for Instructional Technology

23) Полимеры: autoignition temperature

24) Расширение файла: Advanced Intelligent Tape (drive, Sony)

25) Автоматическое регулирование: Array Induction Imager Tool [Schlumberger]

26) Нефть и газ: Array Induction Imager Tool (Schlumberger), групповой индукционный зонд, зонд группового импульсного построителя, Azimuthal Induction Tool

27) ООН: Asian Institute for Technology

28) Должность: Aide In Training, Applied Information Technology

29) НАСА: Assembly, Integration and Test, Astronauts In Trouble, Atomic International Time

30) Программное обеспечение: Auditory Integration Training

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > AIT
69 BDI

1) Компьютерная техника: Black Digital Interface, Brain Dead Install

2) Медицина: Beck Depression Inventory, baseline dyspnoea index

3) Американизм: Business Data Integration

4) Военный термин: biological damage indicator

5) Техника: base diffusion isolation, bearing direction indicator

6) Юридический термин: Behavior Determinant Intervention, Belief Desire And Intention

7) Экономика: Baltic Dry Index( индекс стоимости перевозки грузов)

8) Бухгалтерия: bank deposit interest

9) Грубое выражение: Big, Dumb Idiot

10) Сокращение: Battle Damage Indication device, Bearing Deviation / Distance Indicator, Blast Deflectors Inc. (USA), Bomb Damage Intelligence, Bullet Direction Indicator, bearing deviation indicator

11) Физиология: Behaviors Determinants And Interventions

12) Транспорт: Basic Driver Improvement

13) Реклама: Индекс потребительского спроса

14) Деловая лексика: Behavior Description Interviewing

15) Образование: Beginners Discussion Initiative

16) Безопасность: background disturbance indicator

17) Чат: Beginner's Discussion Initiative

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > BDI
70 BICS

1) Военный термин: battle intelligence communication system

2) Сокращение: Battlefield Information Control System, Building Industry Consulting Services

3) Университет: Brigham Integrated Computer System

4) Вычислительная техника: Building Industry Consulting Services (Telephony)

5) Образование: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > BICS
71 BII

1) Общая лексика: British Institute of Innkeeping

2) Американизм: Business Intelligence Improvement

3) Военный термин: basic issue items

4) Ветеринария: Biotechnology Information Institute

5) Транспорт: Ford Bronco II

6) Фирменный знак: Bearing Inspection, Inc., Bioinformatics Institute Of India

7) Деловая лексика: BioIndustry Initiative

8) Сетевые технологии: Business Information Infrastructure

9) Аэропорты: Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > BII
72 BITS

1) Компьютерная техника: Background Intelligent Transfer Service, Bank Information Tracking System

2) Военный термин: Base Information Transfer System, battlefield intelligence targeting system

3) Техника: binary intersystem transmission standard

4) Юридический термин: Bulldogs Into The Streets

5) Музыка: Blues In The Schools

6) Телекоммуникации: Building Integrated Timing Supply

7) Сокращение: Base Information Transfer System (US military address change system), Basic Information Transfer System, Battlefield Information Transmission System

8) СМИ: Broadcast Information Technology Services

9) Макаров: burn-in test system

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > BITS
73 BOIG

Военный термин: basic operational intelligence guide

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > BOIG
74 IBS

1) Компьютерная техника: INTELSAT business service, Input Buffer Size

2) Медицина: integrated breathing system

3) Военный термин: Iceland base station, Inflatable Boats Small, Integrable Base Station, Integrated Battle Space, Integrated Booking System, Integrated Broadcast Service, Interactive Beacon System, inflatable boat, small

4) Техника: ion beam scanning

5) Религия: Investigative Bible Study

6) Автомобильный термин: intelligent brake system

7) Грубое выражение: Idiot Boy Syndrome, Irritable Bull Shit

8) Оптика: ion-beam sputtering

9) Сокращение: Integrated Bridge System (ship), Integrated Bridge System, Intelligence Broadcasting System, irritable bowel syndrome

10) Университет: International Business Students

11) Электроника: Infinite Brush Studio

12) Иммунология: immunologic burst size

13) СМИ: Intercollegiate Broadcasting System

14) Пластмассы: Interactive Blowing System

15) Макаров: Institute for Basic Standards

16) Нефть и газ: стабилизатор бурильной колонны c фрезерованными лопастями (integral blade stabilizer)

17) Должность: International Business Studies

18) Программное обеспечение: Internet Business Solutions

19) Международная торговля: International Business Systems

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > IBS
75 IBs

1) Компьютерная техника: INTELSAT business service, Input Buffer Size

2) Медицина: integrated breathing system

3) Военный термин: Iceland base station, Inflatable Boats Small, Integrable Base Station, Integrated Battle Space, Integrated Booking System, Integrated Broadcast Service, Interactive Beacon System, inflatable boat, small

4) Техника: ion beam scanning

5) Религия: Investigative Bible Study

6) Автомобильный термин: intelligent brake system

7) Грубое выражение: Idiot Boy Syndrome, Irritable Bull Shit

8) Оптика: ion-beam sputtering

9) Сокращение: Integrated Bridge System (ship), Integrated Bridge System, Intelligence Broadcasting System, irritable bowel syndrome

10) Университет: International Business Students

11) Электроника: Infinite Brush Studio

12) Иммунология: immunologic burst size

13) СМИ: Intercollegiate Broadcasting System

14) Пластмассы: Interactive Blowing System

15) Макаров: Institute for Basic Standards

16) Нефть и газ: стабилизатор бурильной колонны c фрезерованными лопастями (integral blade stabilizer)

17) Должность: International Business Studies

18) Программное обеспечение: Internet Business Solutions

19) Международная торговля: International Business Systems

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > IBs
76 IOB

1) Военный термин: Intelligence Oversight Board, information officer basic

2) Техника: The Institute of Bankers, input/output block, input/output box, input/output buffer, input/output control block

3) Страхование: Insurance Ombudsman Bureau

4) Биржевой термин: International Order Book, Международная книга запросов

5) Ветеринария: Institute of Biology

6) Сокращение: Inventory Operation Branch (of NICC)

7) Вычислительная техника: input-output buffer

8) Банковское дело: Институт банковского дела (Великобритания; Institute of Bankers)

9) Инвестиции: Institute of Bankers

10) Программирование: Index Out Of Bounds

11) Химическое оружие: internal operating budget

12) Расширение файла: 3d graphics database in TDDD format

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > IOB
77 ait

1) Общая лексика: Agency for Instructional Television

2) Компьютерная техника: Advanced Intelligent Technology, afocal interferometer telescope

3) Авиация: Automatic Integrity Test

4) Американизм: Action Item Tracking

5) Военный термин: Army individual test, Army intelligence translator, Aryan Invasion Theory, Automatic Identification Technology, advanced individual training, advanced infantry training, automotive information test, повышенная одиночная подготовка, Advanced Individual Training (the period following Basic Training, specialized training given each soldier based on his MOS (Military Occupational Specialty), ie MOS 11B10, 11B20 received Infantry training etc.)

6) Техника: Architect In Training, augmented inspection team

7) Шутливое выражение: Ants In Training, Apathetic Incompetent Troglodytes

8) Математика: Algorithmic Information Theory

9) Юридический термин: Antiquated Inept Thieves

10) Телекоммуникации: Artificially Inflated Traffic (фиктивный телекоммуникационный трафик, генерируемый автоматическими устройствами, а не реальными абонентами)

11) Сокращение: American Institute of Technology, Assembly Inspection / Integration Test, Atmospheric Interceptor Technology, Average Instruction Time

12) Театр: Arts Initiative Tokyo

13) Университет: Advanced Institutional Training

14) Физиология: Acute Intensive Treatment, Auditory Integration Therapy

15) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony; drive), Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony, Streamer), Angewandte InformationsTechnik (verlags gmbh, Hersteller), advanced intelligent tape

16) Нефть: Array Induction Imager Tool

17) Космонавтика: Asian Institute of Technology

18) Банковское дело: advance income tax-досрочный подоходный налог

19) Транспорт: Automated Identification Technology, Automated Information Transfer

20) СМИ: African Independent Television

21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: array induction tool

22) Образование: Agency for Instructional Technology

23) Полимеры: autoignition temperature

24) Расширение файла: Advanced Intelligent Tape (drive, Sony)

25) Автоматическое регулирование: Array Induction Imager Tool [Schlumberger]

26) Нефть и газ: Array Induction Imager Tool (Schlumberger), групповой индукционный зонд, зонд группового импульсного построителя, Azimuthal Induction Tool

27) ООН: Asian Institute for Technology

28) Должность: Aide In Training, Applied Information Technology

29) НАСА: Assembly, Integration and Test, Astronauts In Trouble, Atomic International Time

30) Программное обеспечение: Auditory Integration Training

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ait
78 bdi

1) Компьютерная техника: Black Digital Interface, Brain Dead Install

2) Медицина: Beck Depression Inventory, baseline dyspnoea index

3) Американизм: Business Data Integration

4) Военный термин: biological damage indicator

5) Техника: base diffusion isolation, bearing direction indicator

6) Юридический термин: Behavior Determinant Intervention, Belief Desire And Intention

7) Экономика: Baltic Dry Index( индекс стоимости перевозки грузов)

8) Бухгалтерия: bank deposit interest

9) Грубое выражение: Big, Dumb Idiot

10) Сокращение: Battle Damage Indication device, Bearing Deviation / Distance Indicator, Blast Deflectors Inc. (USA), Bomb Damage Intelligence, Bullet Direction Indicator, bearing deviation indicator

11) Физиология: Behaviors Determinants And Interventions

12) Транспорт: Basic Driver Improvement

13) Реклама: Индекс потребительского спроса

14) Деловая лексика: Behavior Description Interviewing

15) Образование: Beginners Discussion Initiative

16) Безопасность: background disturbance indicator

17) Чат: Beginner's Discussion Initiative

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bdi
79 bits

1) Компьютерная техника: Background Intelligent Transfer Service, Bank Information Tracking System

2) Военный термин: Base Information Transfer System, battlefield intelligence targeting system

3) Техника: binary intersystem transmission standard

4) Юридический термин: Bulldogs Into The Streets

5) Музыка: Blues In The Schools

6) Телекоммуникации: Building Integrated Timing Supply

7) Сокращение: Base Information Transfer System (US military address change system), Basic Information Transfer System, Battlefield Information Transmission System

8) СМИ: Broadcast Information Technology Services

9) Макаров: burn-in test system

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bits
80 understanding

adjective ((of a person) good at knowing how other people feel; sympathetic: an understanding person; Try to be more understanding!) comprensivo

understanding¹ adj comprensivo

she is very kind and understanding es muy simpática y comprensiva

understanding² n

1. comprensión

my understanding is that... tengo entendido que...

2. acuerdo

we reached an understanding llegamos a un acuerdo

understanding

tr[ʌndə'stændɪŋ]

noun

1 (intelligence) entendimiento, inteligencia

2 (grasp) comprensión nombre femenino

3 (agreement) acuerdo

■ they quickly reached an understanding no tardaron nada en llegar a un acuerdo

4 (condition) condición nombre femenino

■ I'll lend you the money on the understanding that you pay me back as soon as possible te dejaré el dinero a condición de que me lo devuelvas lo antes posible

5 (interpretation) interpretación nombre femenino

■ it is my understanding that she'll be back soon tengo entendido que ella volverá pronto

adjective

1 comprensivo,-a

understanding [.ʌndər'stændɪŋ] adj

: comprensivo, compasivo

understanding n

1) grasp: comprensión f, entendimiento m

2) sympathy: comprensión f (mutua)

3) interpretation: interpretación f

it's my understanding that...: tengo la impresión de que..., tengo entendido que...

4) agreement: acuerdo m, arreglo m

understanding

adj.

• compasivo, -a adj.

• comprensivo, -a adj.

• entendedor adj.

• inteligente adj.

n.

• acuerdo s.m.

• comprensión s.f.

• conocimiento s.m.

• entender s.m.

• entendimiento s.m.

I 'ʌndər'stændɪŋ, ˌʌndə'stændɪŋ
noun

1) u

a) ( grasp) entendimiento m

we now have a better o greater understanding of it — ahora lo entendemos or lo comprendemos mejor

b) ( interpretation) interpretación f

that's not my understanding of what he meant — no es así como yo interpreto sus palabras

c) ( sympathy) comprensión f

these exchanges promote international understanding — estos intercambios fomentan el entendimiento or la concordia entre las naciones

2) c (agreement, arrangement) acuerdo m

to come to o reach an understanding (with somebody) — llegar* a un acuerdo (con alguien)

to have an understanding (with somebody): we had an understanding that we'd share the work — habíamos convenido que compartiríamos el trabajo

3) u ( belief)

it was my understanding that I would get the job — tenía entendido or creía que me darían el trabajo

on the understanding that — bien entendido que, con la condición de que

II

adjective comprensivo

[ˌʌndǝ'stændɪŋ]
1.

ADJ [person] comprensivo; [smile] de comprensión

• to be understanding about sth — ser comprensivo (respecto a algo)

she was very understanding about it — fue muy comprensiva

2. N

1) (=faculty) entendimiento m

it was beyond my understanding — iba más allá de mi entendimiento

the peace that passeth all understanding — (Bible) la paz que sobrepasa a todo entendimiento

2) [of sth] (=comprehension) comprensión f ; (=awareness) conciencia f

we need to test children's understanding of facts — hay que poner a prueba la comprensión que los niños tienen de los hechos

our understanding of these processes is still poor — todavía no comprendemos muy bien estos procesos

• a basic understanding of computers is essential — se necesitan unos conocimientos básicos de informática

• to have a better or greater understanding of sth — (=comprehend better) entender or comprender mejor algo; (=be more aware of) tener mayor or más conciencia de algo

• to have little/no understanding of sth — saber muy poco/nada de algo

• a shift in public understanding of the issues of crime and punishment — un cambio de la conciencia pública con respecto a la cuestión de los crímenes y los castigos

3) (=interpretation) interpretación f

what's your understanding of the Prime Minister's statement? — ¿cómo interpreta usted la declaración del Primer Ministro?, ¿cuál es su interpretación de la declaración del Primer Ministro?

that's my understanding of the situation — esa es mi interpretación de la situación, así es como veo or interpreto la situación

4) (=sympathy) comprensión f

thank you for your kindness and understanding — le agradezco su amabilidad y comprensión

to show no/little understanding of sth — no mostrar comprensión/mostrar muy poca comprensión hacia algo

5) (=belief)

it was my understanding that..., my understanding was that... — tenía entendido que..., según yo creía...

6) (=agreement) acuerdo m

• to come to an understanding (with sb) — llegar a un acuerdo (con algn)

• to have an understanding (with sb) — tener un acuerdo (con algn)

• on the understanding that — a condición de que + subjun

on the understanding that he pays — a condición de que pague

• to reach an understanding (with sb) — llegar a un acuerdo (con algn)

* * *

I ['ʌndər'stændɪŋ, ˌʌndə'stændɪŋ]
noun

1) u

a) ( grasp) entendimiento m

we now have a better o greater understanding of it — ahora lo entendemos or lo comprendemos mejor

b) ( interpretation) interpretación f

that's not my understanding of what he meant — no es así como yo interpreto sus palabras

c) ( sympathy) comprensión f

these exchanges promote international understanding — estos intercambios fomentan el entendimiento or la concordia entre las naciones

2) c (agreement, arrangement) acuerdo m

to come to o reach an understanding (with somebody) — llegar* a un acuerdo (con alguien)

to have an understanding (with somebody): we had an understanding that we'd share the work — habíamos convenido que compartiríamos el trabajo

3) u ( belief)

it was my understanding that I would get the job — tenía entendido or creía que me darían el trabajo

on the understanding that — bien entendido que, con la condición de que

II

adjective comprensivo

English-spanish dictionary > understanding

Страницы

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basic+intelligence

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