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amārum

  • 1 amarum

    ămārus, a, um, adj. [cf. ômos; Sanscr. āmas = raw, amlas = sour; Germ. Ampfer = sorrel, Curtius; cf. Heb., mar = bitter], bitter (syn. acerbus).
    I.
    Lit., of tasto (opp. dulcis):

    absinthi latex,

    Lucr. 1, 941; 4, [p. 101] 15:

    amara atque aspera,

    id. 2, 404:

    sensusjudicat dulce, amarum,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 12; so id. N. D. 3, 13:

    salices,

    pungent, Verg. E. 1, 79: Doris amara, brackish, i. e. the sea, id. ib. 10, 5:

    os,

    bitter taste in the mouth, Cels. 1, 3:

    calices amariores,

    i. e. harsh wine, Cat. 27, 2:

    aquae amarissimae,

    Vulg. Num. 5, 18.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of the hearing, rough, sharp, shrill (cf. acer):

    sonitus,

    Stat. Th. 10, 553, and,
    2.
    Of smell, disagreeable, offensive:

    fructus amarus odore,

    Plin. 18, 12, 30, § 122.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Calamitous, unpleasant, sad (mostly poet.):

    amara dies et nectis amarior umbra,

    Tib. 2, 4, 11:

    casus,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 15; so,

    amara mors,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 15, 32:

    amores dulces aut amari,

    Verg. E. 3, 110:

    amarissimae leges necessitatis,

    Val. Max. 7, 6:

    amaritudo mea amarissima,

    Vulg. Isa. 38, 17.— Subst. plur., bitterness, bitter things:

    et amara laeto Temperet risu,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 26:

    amara curarum,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 19.—
    B.
    Of speech, bitter, biting, acrimonious, sarcastic, caustic, severe:

    dictis amaris,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 31; so,

    scriptis,

    id. P. 4, 14, 37:

    hostis,

    Verg. A. 10, 900:

    sales,

    Quint. 10, 1, 117.—
    C.
    Of conduct, morose, ill - natured, sour, irritable: mulieres, * Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 88:

    amariorem me senectus facit,

    Cic. Att. 14, 21.— Adv., bitterly, in three forms:
    a.
    ămārē, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 78; Sen. Ben. 5, 23; Vulg. Isa. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 75.— Comp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 1.— Sup., Suet. Tib. 54.—
    * b.
    ămā-rĭter, Hier. Ep. 23.—
    c.
    ămārum, App. M. 6, p. 178, 26; Amm. 21, 9 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > amarum

  • 2 amarum

    I
    with bitterness, acidly, spitefully, bitterly
    II
    bitterness; unpleasantness; (often pl.)

    Latin-English dictionary > amarum

  • 3 amarus

    ămārus, a, um, adj. [cf. ômos; Sanscr. āmas = raw, amlas = sour; Germ. Ampfer = sorrel, Curtius; cf. Heb., mar = bitter], bitter (syn. acerbus).
    I.
    Lit., of tasto (opp. dulcis):

    absinthi latex,

    Lucr. 1, 941; 4, [p. 101] 15:

    amara atque aspera,

    id. 2, 404:

    sensusjudicat dulce, amarum,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 12; so id. N. D. 3, 13:

    salices,

    pungent, Verg. E. 1, 79: Doris amara, brackish, i. e. the sea, id. ib. 10, 5:

    os,

    bitter taste in the mouth, Cels. 1, 3:

    calices amariores,

    i. e. harsh wine, Cat. 27, 2:

    aquae amarissimae,

    Vulg. Num. 5, 18.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of the hearing, rough, sharp, shrill (cf. acer):

    sonitus,

    Stat. Th. 10, 553, and,
    2.
    Of smell, disagreeable, offensive:

    fructus amarus odore,

    Plin. 18, 12, 30, § 122.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Calamitous, unpleasant, sad (mostly poet.):

    amara dies et nectis amarior umbra,

    Tib. 2, 4, 11:

    casus,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 15; so,

    amara mors,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 15, 32:

    amores dulces aut amari,

    Verg. E. 3, 110:

    amarissimae leges necessitatis,

    Val. Max. 7, 6:

    amaritudo mea amarissima,

    Vulg. Isa. 38, 17.— Subst. plur., bitterness, bitter things:

    et amara laeto Temperet risu,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 26:

    amara curarum,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 19.—
    B.
    Of speech, bitter, biting, acrimonious, sarcastic, caustic, severe:

    dictis amaris,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 31; so,

    scriptis,

    id. P. 4, 14, 37:

    hostis,

    Verg. A. 10, 900:

    sales,

    Quint. 10, 1, 117.—
    C.
    Of conduct, morose, ill - natured, sour, irritable: mulieres, * Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 88:

    amariorem me senectus facit,

    Cic. Att. 14, 21.— Adv., bitterly, in three forms:
    a.
    ămārē, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 78; Sen. Ben. 5, 23; Vulg. Isa. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 75.— Comp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 1.— Sup., Suet. Tib. 54.—
    * b.
    ămā-rĭter, Hier. Ep. 23.—
    c.
    ămārum, App. M. 6, p. 178, 26; Amm. 21, 9 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > amarus

  • 4 amygdalum

        amygdalum ī, n, ἀμύγδαλον, an almond, almond kernel, O.
    * * *

    amygdalum amarum -- bitter almond; amygdalum dulce -- sweet almond

    Latin-English dictionary > amygdalum

  • 5 pietās

        pietās ātis, f    [pius], dutiful conduct, sense of duty, religiousness, devotion, piety: quibus decus pietas omnia quaestui sunt, S.: erga deos: deos placatos pietas efficiet: pretium pietatis amarum, scrupulousness, O.— Faithfulness to natural ties, duty, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude: matris ferre iniurias me pietas iubet, T.: quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes?: filii: quibus quoniam pro pietate satis fecerit, patriotism, Cs.: quattuor tribunorum (i. e. in imperatorem), L.: felix nati pietate, V.: solemnia pietatis, the last offices, Ta.: in patrem patriamque, L.: in coniuge, O.— Justice: si qua est caelo pietas, V.— Person., as a goddess, Piety, C., L.
    * * *
    responsibility, sense of duty; loyalty; tenderness, goodness; pity; piety (Bee)

    Latin-English dictionary > pietās

  • 6 amygdala

    almond tree; almond

    amygdala amarum -- bitter almond; amygdala dulce -- sweet almond

    Latin-English dictionary > amygdala

  • 7 amygdale

    almond tree; almond

    amygdale amarum -- bitter almond; amygdale dulce -- sweet almond

    Latin-English dictionary > amygdale

  • 8 amygdalus

    almond tree; almond

    amygdalus amarum -- bitter almond; amygdalus dulce -- sweet almond

    Latin-English dictionary > amygdalus

  • 9 Asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Asper

  • 10 asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asper

  • 11 asperum

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asperum

  • 12 dulcis

    dulcis, e, adj. [from gulcis, by dissimilation; cf. ten-ebrae from root tam-; root in Sanscr. gul-jam, sweetness; Gr. glukus, glukeros, sweet], sweet (very freq.; cf.: suavis, venustus, jucundus, gratus, acceptus, amoenus, etc.).
    I.
    Lit., opp. amarus:

    (animal) sentit et dulcia et amara,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 13; cf. Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 72:

    mel,

    id. Asin. 3, 3, 24; id. Truc. 2, 4, 20; cf.:

    liquor mellis,

    Lucr. 1, 938; 4, 13:

    aqua,

    id. 6, 890:

    poma,

    id. 5, 1377; Hor. S. 2, 5, 12:

    vinum,

    id. C. 3, 12, 1; cf.

    merum,

    id. ib. 3, 13, 2:

    dolium,

    id. Epod. 2, 47:

    olivum,

    id. S. 2, 4, 64:

    sapor,

    id. C. 3, 1, 19 et saep.— Comp.:

    uva,

    Ov. M. 13, 795.— Sup.:

    panis,

    Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 92 et saep.—Hence,
    B.
    Subst. and heterocl., dulcia, ōrum, n., sweet cakes, honey-cakes, sugar-cakes (late Lat.), Vop. Tac. 6; Lampr. Heliog. 26; 31; Prud. Psych. 429.—
    II.
    Trop., agreeable, delightful, pleasant, charming, soft, flattering.
    A.
    In gen.:

    dulcia atque amara apud te sum elocutus omnia,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 61; id. Truc. 1, 2, 78:

    vita,

    Lucr. 2, 997; cf.:

    lumina vitae,

    id. 5, 989:

    solacia, vitae,

    id. 5, 21:

    orator,

    Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; cf.

    of orators or writers,

    Quint. 10, 1, 77; 73; 12, 10, 44; cf.

    also: non quo ea (oratione) Laelii quicquam sit dulcius,

    Cic. Brut. 21, 83:

    genus dicendi,

    Quint. 2, 8, 4:

    carmen,

    id. 12, 10, 33:

    poëmata,

    Hor. A. P. 99 et saep.:

    nomen libertatis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63; cf. id. Att. 15, 13, 3:

    auditu nomen,

    Liv. 24, 21, 3:

    amores,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 15:

    otium,

    id. Epod. 1, 8:

    fortuna,

    id. C. 1, 37, 11:

    dulce et decorum est pro patria mori,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 13.—With dat.:

    mensae dulcis herili canis,

    Val. Fl. 7, 130.—Prov.:

    dulce etiam fugias, fieri quod amarum potest,

    Pub. Syr. 144 Rib. — Sup.:

    epistola,

    Cic. Att. 15, 13, 4:

    quod in amicissimo quoque dulcissimum est,

    id. Lael. 23 fin. al.—
    B.
    In partic. of friends, lovers, etc., friendly, pleasant, agreeable, charming, kind, dear:

    amici (opp. acerbi inimici),

    Cic. Lael. 24 fin.; cf.:

    amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

    id. ib. 18 fin.:

    liberi,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 40; cf.

    nata,

    id. S. 2, 3, 199:

    alumnus,

    id. C. 3, 23, 7; id. Ep. 1, 4, 8.—Hence, in addressing a person:

    optime et dulcissime frater,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 11; cf.:

    dulcissime Attice,

    id. Att. 6, 2, 9: mi dulcissime Tiro, Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

    dulcis amice,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 12:

    dulce decus meum,

    id. C. 1, 1, 2.— Absol.:

    quid agis, dulcissime rerum?

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.— Hence, adv. (acc. to II.), agreeably, delightfully.
    (α).
    dulcĭter, Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 18; Quint. 1, 10, 24; 4, 2, 62; 9, 4, 14; 12, 10, 71. —
    (β).
    dulce, Cat. 51, 5; Hor. C. 1, 22, 23; 24; id. Ep. 1, 7, 27; Stat. S. 3, 4, 8; id. Th. 4, 274.—
    b.
    Comp.:

    dulcius spirare,

    Quint. 12, 10, 27; Prop. 1, 2, 14.—
    c.
    Sup.:

    dulcissime scripta,

    Cic. Brut. 19, 77.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dulcis

  • 13 gustulum

    gustŭlum, i, n. dim. [gustus].
    I.
    A small dish of food, a whet, relish, App. M. 9, p. 232.—
    II.
    Transf., a kiss:

    dulcem et amarum gustulum carpis,

    App. M. 2, p. 119.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gustulum

  • 14 lenis

    1.
    lēnis, e, adj. [cf. lentus], soft, smooth, mild, gentle, easy, calm.
    I.
    Lit.:

    sensus judicat dulce, amarum: lene, asperum,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 36; id. N. D. 2, 58, 146:

    vehemens fricatio spissat, lenis mollit,

    Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 53:

    vinum hoc asperum est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 48:

    lenibus venenis uti,

    Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1:

    lenissimus ventus,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 1:

    motus laterum,

    moderate, gentle, Quint. 11, 3, 92; 161:

    leni igni sucus coquitur,

    Plin. 21, 18, 73, § 122.—Of the Nile:

    postea lenis,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54:

    tormentum,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 13:

    volatus,

    Ov. M. 12, 527:

    somnus,

    Hor. C. 3, 1, 21.—Of heights, gently or gradually rising:

    clivus,

    Liv. 6, 24; cf. id. 29, 33.— Comp.:

    jugum paulo leniore fastigio ab ea parte quae, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 24;

    so fastigium,

    Plin. 16, 36, 64, § 158.—
    II.
    Trop., gentle, moderate, mild, lenient, calm.
    A.
    In gen.:

    servitutem lenem reddere,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 5:

    Ecce me. Opusne (erit tibi) leni? leniorem dices quam mutumst mare,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 70:

    homo lenis et facilis,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 9:

    populus Romanus in hostes lenissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 53, 154:

    lenissima verba,

    id. Fam. 5, 15, 1:

    lenissimum ingenium,

    id. Brut. 56, 204: lenior sententia, Caes. B. C. 1, 2: lene consilium dare, Hor C. 3, 4, 41.—
    (β).
    With inf.:

    non lenis precibus fata recludere Mercurius,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 17.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of speech, mild, gentle:

    oratio placida, submissa, lenis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183:

    lenis et fluens contextus orationis,

    Quint. 9, 4, 127:

    leniores epilogi,

    id. 6, 1, 50.—
    2.
    In gram.: spiritus, the spiritus lenis, the smooth or soft breathing (opp. the spiritus asper), Prisc. p. 572 P.— Hence, adv. in two forms.
    A.
    lēne (only poet.), softly, mildly, gently:

    sectus humum rivo, lene sonantis aquae,

    Ov. F. 2, 704:

    clivi lene jacentes,

    gently rising, Calp. Ecl. 7, 25:

    lene fluens fons,

    Nemes. Ecl. 4, 47:

    lene Notus spirat,

    Avien. Descript. Orb. 857.—
    B.
    lēnĭter (class.), softly, mildly, gently.
    1.
    Lit.:

    leniter arridens,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

    leniter atterens Caudam,

    Hor. C. 2, 19, 30:

    ventus leniter pluvius,

    Plin. 18, 34, 77, § 337:

    leniter ire per excubias custodum,

    Ov. Am. 1, 6, 7: collis leniter acclivis, gradually or gently rising, Caes. B. G. 7, 19; so,

    editus collis,

    Liv. 2, 50.— Comp.:

    torrens lenius decurrit,

    Ov. M. 3, 568.—
    2.
    Trop., quietly, calmly, gently, moderately, leniently.
    a.
    In gen.:

    tentem leniter an minaciter?

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 20:

    petere quippiam ab aliquo dictis bonis,

    id. Am. prol. 25:

    ferre aliquid,

    Ov. H. 5, 7:

    traducere aevum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 97:

    nimis leniter latam suam injuriam ratus,

    Liv. 29, 9 (al. leviter).— Sup.:

    lenissime sentire,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 9.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Of speech:

    multa leniter, multa aspere dicta sunt,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    agit versum Roscius quam leniter, quam remisse, quam non actuose,

    id. de Or. 3, 26, 102.— Comp.:

    qui jamdiu multo dicis remissius et lenius quam solebas,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255.—
    (β).
    Moderately, i. e. very little, not at all:

    hoc leniter laudabitis,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 40; 3, 3, 9:

    leniter qui saeviunt sapiunt magis,

    id. Bacch. 3, 3, 4.—
    (γ).
    In a bad sense, remissly, indolently:

    si cunctetur atque agat lenius,

    too slowly, Caes. B. C. 1, 1.
    2.
    lenis, is, m., a kind of vessel, Afran. and Laber. ap. Non. 544, 31.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lenis

  • 15 obgero

    oggĕro ( obg-), ĕre, v. a. [ob-gero], to proffer, bring, give (Plautin.):

    (amor) amarum ad satietatem oggerit,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 72:

    osculum alicui,

    id. Truc. 1, 2, 8; id. Ps. 3, 2, 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obgero

  • 16 oggero

    oggĕro ( obg-), ĕre, v. a. [ob-gero], to proffer, bring, give (Plautin.):

    (amor) amarum ad satietatem oggerit,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 72:

    osculum alicui,

    id. Truc. 1, 2, 8; id. Ps. 3, 2, 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > oggero

  • 17 perpoto

    per-pōto, āvi, 1, v. a. and n.
    I.
    To drink or tipple without intermission, to keep up a carouse:

    postquam ejus hinc pater sit profectus peregre, tum perpotasse adsiduo,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 60; id. Ps. 2, 6, 13:

    totos dies,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 87; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 38, §

    100: perpotavit ad vesperum,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    perpotandi dulcedo,

    Curt. 6, 2, 2. —
    * II.
    To drink off:

    amarum Absinthi laticem,

    Lucr. 1, 940.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > perpoto

  • 18 satietas

    sătĭĕtas, ātis, f. [satis], a sufficiency, abundance (syn. saturitas).
    I.
    In gen. (very rare):

    neque ulla ornandi satis satietas est,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 6.— Plur.:

    quercus terrenis principiorum satietatibus abundans, parumque habens umoris et aëris,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 2, 9, 9.—
    II.
    In partic., subject., the state of being glutted or sated; a loathing, disgust, satiety (class. and very freq., esp. in the trop. sense and with Cicero; syn. fastidium).
    A.
    Lit.:

    cibi satietas et fastidium,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:

    amarum ad satietatem usque oggerit,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 72; so,

    ad satietatem,

    Liv. 24, 38; Suet. Dom. 21; Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 148; 34, 17, 49, § 165:

    citra satietatem,

    id. 23, 6, 57, § 106:

    cum ea, quae leviter sensum voluptate moveant, facillime fugiant satietatem,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99:

    assidua,

    Plin. 8, 26, 40, § 96:

    nimia,

    id. 11, 34, 40, § 116.—Hence, *
    2.
    Concr., the superfluity, refuse of the food eaten, i. e. excrements, Sol. 2, § 33 (cf. saturitas, II. C.).—
    B.
    Trop.:

    difficile dictu est, quaenam causa sit, cur ea, quae maxime sensus nostros impellunt voluptate et specie primā acerrime commovent, ab iis celerrime fastidio quodam et satietate abalienemur,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98; so (with fastidium) Quint. 5, 14, 30; Cic. Mur. 9, 21;

    (with taedium),

    Quint. 9, 4, 143:

    ab hac hominum satietate nostri discedere,

    Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:

    mei,

    id. Mur. 9, 21:

    satietas provinciae,

    id. Fam. 2, 11, 1:

    dominationis,

    Sall. J. 31, 20:

    desiderium quietis et satietas gloriae,

    Curt. 6, 3, 1:

    ante inimicos satietas poenarum suarum cepisset quam, etc. (shortly before: poenarum ex inimicis satis est),

    Liv. 3, 59:

    satietatem amoris sumere,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 5, 6:

    satietatem parere,

    Auct. Her. 4, 27, 38:

    studiorum omnium satietas vitae facit satietatem,

    Cic. Sen. 20, 76:

    vincere aurium satietatem,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 174; cf.:

    ut varietas satietati occurreret,

    id. Or. 52, 174:

    omnibus in rebus similitudo est satietatis mater,

    id. Inv. 1, 41, 76; so,

    similitudinis,

    id. de Or. 2, 41, 177 (cf. 1. satio, II. B.):

    te deseret ille aetate et satietate,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 39:

    adeo usque satietatem dum capiet pater Illius quam amat,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10:

    usque ad satietatem osculis frui,

    Petr. 131 fin. —In plur.:

    non debent esse amicitiarum sicut aliarum rerum satietates,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 67.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > satietas

  • 19 suavis

    suāvis, e (sŭāves, trisyl., Sedul. 1, 274), adj. [Gr. root had-, handanô, to please; hêdus, sweet; Sanscr. svad-, taste; cf. suadeo], sweet, pleasant, agreeable, grateful, delightful (freq. and class.; cf.: dulcis, jucundus).
    I.
    As affecting the senses:

    quod suave est aliis, aliis fit amarum,

    Lucr. 4, 658:

    odor suavis et jucundus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

    elixus esse quam assus soleo suavior,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 66:

    vidimus et merulas poni et sine clune palumbes, Suaves res, si, etc.,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 92:

    suaviores aquae,

    Plin. 20, 11, 44, § 114:

    radix suavissimi gustūs et odoris,

    id. 25, 9, 64, § 110:

    spiritus unguenti,

    Lucr. 3, 223:

    tibi suavis daedala tellus Summittit flores,

    id. 1, 7:

    anima, Phaedr, 3, 1, 5: suavior et lenior color,

    Plin. 9, 41, 65, § 140: sonus Egeriai, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 42 Müll.:

    cantus,

    Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 2:

    cantatio,

    id. Stich. 5, 5, 19:

    sermo,

    id. As. 5, 1, 8:

    accentus,

    Quint. 12, 10, 33:

    appellatio litterarum,

    id. 11, 3, 35:

    vox,

    Gell. 19, 9, 10:

    sopor,

    Lucr. 4, 453.— Poet., suave, adv., sweetly, agreeably, pleasantly:

    suave locus voci resonat conclusus,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 76:

    suave rubens hyacinthus,

    Verg. E. 3, 63:

    rubenti Murice,

    id. ib. 4, 43.—
    II.
    As affecting the mind or feelings (cf.: gratus, jucundus): doctus, fidelis, Suavis homo, facundus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 250 Vahl.); so,

    homo,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 64:

    mea suavis, amabilis, amoena Stephanium,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 54:

    comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur, qui erranti comiter monstrant viam, benigne, non gravate,

    Cic. Balb. 16, 36; cf.:

    suavis, sicut fuit, videri maluit quam gravis,

    id. Brut. 9, 38:

    amor suavissimus,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 45:

    amicitia,

    Lucr. 1, 141:

    inter nos conjunctio,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 1:

    suavis suaviatio,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 12; id. Ps. 1, 1, 63:

    hunc diem suavem Meum natalem agitemus amoenum,

    id. Pers. 5, 1, 16:

    modus,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 17.—Suave est with subj.-clause:

    ut rei servire suave est!

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 21:

    tibi porro ut non sit suave vivere,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 73:

    suave, mari magno... E terrā magnum alterius spectare laborem,

    Lucr. 2, 1: non quin mihi suavissimum sit... tuae memoriae dare operam, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 1.—Hence, adv.: suāvĭ-ter, sweetly, agreeably, pleasantly, delightfully (class.).
    1.
    To the senses:

    video quam suaviter voluptas sensibus nostris blandiatur,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 139:

    nec tam bene quam suaviter loquendo,

    id. de Or. 3, 11, 43; cf.

    dicere,

    id. Brut. 29, 110.— Sup.:

    suavissime legere,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 3:

    peucedanum odore suaviter gravi,

    Plin. 25, 9, 70, § 118.—
    2.
    To the mind, etc.:

    secunda jucunde ac suaviter meminerimus,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 17, 57:

    epistula copiose et suaviter scripta,

    id. Fam. 15, 21, 4; cf. sup.:

    litterae suavissime scriptae,

    id. ib. 13, 18, 1:

    quid agis, dulcissime rerum? Suaviter, ut nunc est, inquam,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 5; Petr. 71, 10; 75, 8:

    sicut tu amicissime et suavissime optas,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 12. [p. 1772]

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > suavis

  • 20 tristis

    tristis, e, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. trastas, frightened; and Lat. terreo], sad, sorrowful, mournful, dejected, melancholy, disconsolate, trist (syn.: maestus, severus, austerus, luctuosus).
    I.
    In gen.:

    maesti tristesque,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 18:

    cum maestus errares, quaerere ex te, quid tristis esses,

    Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:

    tristis et conturbatus,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

    tristis, demissus,

    id. Mur. 21, 45:

    sic tristes affatus amicos,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 24:

    Sequanos tristes, capite demisso, terram intueri,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

    numquam ego te tristiorem Vidi esse,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 55:

    oderunt hilarem tristes, tristemque jocosi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 89:

    (faciet) hominem ex tristi lepidum et lenem,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 7:

    quid tu tristis es?

    id. ib. 2, 2, 6; id. Men. 5, 2, 27; 5, 2, 59:

    quid es tam tristis?

    Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 20:

    malle se adulescentem tristem quam hilarem,

    Sen. Ep. 36, 3:

    tristis Erat et me maestum videbat,

    Curt. 6, 11, 27; Sen. Tranq. 15, 4.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things associated with misfortune or suggestive of sadness, melancholy, saddening, unhappy:

    ut tuum laetissimum diem cum tristissimo meo conferam,

    Cic. Pis. 14, 33; cf.:

    vel defensus tristibus temporibus vel ornatus secundis,

    id. Fam. 15, 7:

    esse vultu tristi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 124:

    tristissima exta,

    Cic. Div. 2, 15, 36:

    tristissimi exsilii solatium,

    Liv. 5, 51, 1:

    tristissimam exegimus noctem,

    most miserable, Petr. 115:

    sors,

    unhappy, miserable, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    eventus,

    Liv. 8, 24, 18:

    Kalendae,

    sad, dismal, Hor. S. 1, 3, 87:

    Hyades,

    id. C. 1, 3, 14:

    Orion,

    id. Epod. 10, 10:

    bella,

    id. A. P. 73:

    clades,

    id. C. 3, 3, 62:

    morbus,

    Verg. G. 4, 252:

    fatum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 29:

    jus sepulcri,

    Ov. M. 13, 472:

    officium (exsequiarum),

    id. ib. 12, 4:

    funera,

    Verg. G. 4, 256; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 74:

    pars subiere feretro, Triste ministerium,

    Verg. A. 6, 223:

    Tartara,

    id. ib. 4, 243:

    Acheron,

    Sil. 13, 571:

    tristique palus inamabilis undā,

    Verg. A. 6, 438; Hor. C. 2, 14, 8:

    arbores,

    gloomy, sombre, Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 95:

    adspectus (arboris),

    id. 13, 22, 40, § 120:

    tristes et squalidi trunci,

    Sen. Ep. 12, 1.—
    2.
    Of taste:

    quod triste et amarum est,

    harsh, disagreeable, bitter, Lucr. 4, 634:

    suci,

    Verg. G. 2, 126:

    lupinum,

    id. ib. 1, 75:

    absinthia,

    Ov. P. 3, 1, 23; 3, 8, 15:

    epulae,

    Sil. 3, 281: sapor. Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 12:

    pocula,

    Tib. 1, 5, 50.—
    3.
    Of smell, offensive, foul:

    anhelitus oris,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 521.—
    4.
    As subst.: triste, is, n., a sad thing, etc. ( poet.):

    triste lupus stabulis, maturis frugibus imbres, Arboribus venti,

    a sad thing, a pest, bane, Verg. E. 3, 80:

    interdum miscentur tristia laetis,

    Ov. F. 6, 463; cf.:

    nunc ego mitibus Mutare quaero tristia,

    Hor. C. 1, 16, 26. Thus Ovid called his elegies that were written in exile Tristia.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Of behavior, etc., towards others.
    1.
    Glum, gloomy, peevish, morose, ill-humored (syn.:

    tetricus, severus, austerus): stultitia est, ei te esse tristem,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: eia, mea Juno, non decet te esse tam [p. 1902] tristem tuo Jovi, id. ib. 2, 3, 14: mihi erit tristior, Afran. ap. Non. 410, 2:

    tristis amica ingrato viro,

    Prop. 1, 6, 10:

    puella,

    id. 1, 10, 21:

    navita tristis (Charon),

    gloomy, sullen, Verg. A. 6, 315; so,

    dii,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 103:

    Erinys,

    Verg. A. 2, 337:

    sorores,

    i. e. the Fates, Tib. 3, 3, 35; Sen. Tranq. 7, 6:

    ursa,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 409.—
    2.
    Stern, harsh, severe:

    judex tristis et integer,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 30; cf.:

    cum tristibus severe, cum remissis jucunde vivere,

    id. Cael. 6, 13.—
    B.
    Transf., of things, gloomy, sad, melancholy, stern, harsh, etc.:

    truculentis oculis, tristi fronte,

    Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21:

    voltus,

    id. Most. 3, 2, 124:

    fronte gravi et tristi supercilio,

    Plin. Pan. 41, 3: idem naturā tristiori paululo, Afran. ap. Non. 410, 2:

    vultus severior et tristior,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf.:

    tristis severitas inest in vultu,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 16:

    vita tristior,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 108:

    triste et severum genus dicendi,

    id. Brut. 30, 113; cf.:

    sermo tristis (opp. jocosus),

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 11: senectus, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 108, 29; cf.:

    tristis et plenus dignitatis sonus,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 2, 7:

    perfert in judiciis tristem et impexam antiquitatem,

    Tac. Or. 20.—Of languages, etc.:

    tua tristia dicta,

    Verg. A. 10, 612:

    sententia,

    Ov. M. 15, 43; Liv. 8, 21, 2:

    responsum,

    id. 9, 16, 3:

    senatūs consultum,

    id. 5, 6, 2.— Adv.: tristĕ, sadly, sorrowfully; harshly, severely:

    salutantes,

    Stat. Th. 4, 19:

    triste et acutum resonare,

    Hor. S. 1, 8, 41:

    rigens frons,

    Stat. S. 5, 1, 64.— Comp.:

    flere tristius,

    Prop. 2, 20 (3, 13), 2:

    adulescentes gravius aegrotant, tristius curantur,

    with more difficulty, Cic. Sen. 19, 67:

    respondere tristius,

    more harshly, id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tristis

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