alicui+rei+c

rĕgo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. arg-, argami, to obtain; Gr. oregô reach after; cf. [p. 1552] Sanscr. rāgan; Goth. reiks, king; Germ. Reich and Recht], to keep straight or from going wrong, to lead straight; to guide, conduct, direct (freq. and class.; syn.: guberno, moderor).

Lit.:

deus est, qui regit et moderatur et movet id corpus, cui praepositus est,

Cic. Rep. 6, 24, 26:

manus una (navem) regit,

Lucr. 4, 903:

onera navium velis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

arte ratem,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12; cf.

clavum,

Verg. A. 10, 218:

te ventorum regat pater,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 3:

vela,

Prop. 2, 28 (3, 24), 24:

coërcet et regit beluam,

Cic. Rep. 2, 40, 67:

equum,

Liv. 35, 11:

equos,

Ov. A. A. 3, 556; id. Ib. 474; cf.

quadrupedes,

id. M. 2, 86:

spumantia ora (equi),

id. ib. 8, 34:

frena,

id. P. 4, 12, 24:

equi impotentes regendi,

Liv. 35, 11; Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 28; Curt. 4, 15, 28:

currus,

Ov. A. A. 1, 4; Curt. 8, 14, 7: taurus ex grege, quem prope litora regebat, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 715 P.; Quint. 1, 1, 27:

rege tela per auras,

Verg. A. 9, 409:

tela per viscera Caesaris,

Luc. 7, 350; cf.:

missum jaculum,

Ov. M. 7, 684:

sagittas nusquam,

Luc. 7, 515:

regens tenui vestigia filo,

Cat. 64, 113; cf.:

Daedalium iter lino duce,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 8:

caeca filo vestigia,

Verg. A. 6, 30:

diverso flamina tractu,

Ov. M. 1, 59:

gressus,

Vulg. Judic. 16, 26.—

In partic., jurid. t. t.:

regere fines,

to draw the boundaries, mark out the limits, Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55; id. Top. 10, 43; id. Mur. 9, 22; Tib. 1, 3, 44; cf. Dig. 10, 1, and Cod. Just. 3, 39 tit. Finium regundorum.—

Trop., to guide, lead, conduct, manage, direct.

In gen.:

Deus qui omnem hunc mundum regit,

Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13:

domum,

id. ib. 1, 39, 61:

rem consilio,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 13:

belli fera munera Mavors regit,

Lucr. 1, 33; cf.

bella,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17; Sil. 7, 47:

omnia nostra ita gerito, regito, gubernato, ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 2:

alicujus animum atque ingenium,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 90; cf.:

animi motus (with moderari cupiditates),

Cic. Part. Or. 22, 76:

mores,

Ov. M. 15, 834:

animos dictis,

Verg. A. 1, 153:

animum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

ut me ipse regam,

id. ib. 1, 1, 27:

consilia senatus,

Quint. 12, 1, 26:

valetudines principis,

Tac. A. 6, 50; cf.:

valetudinem arbitratu suo,

Suet. Tib. 68 al.:

neque regerentur magis quam regerent casus,

Sall. J. 1, 5; cf.:

jam regi leges, non regere,

Liv. 10, 13:

utroque vorsum rectum est ingenium meum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 6:

vellem suscepisses juvenem regendum,

Cic. Att. 10, 6, 2; cf. Suet. Tib. 50; id. Claud. 9:

Silvanum specie obsequii regebat,

Tac. H. 3, 50:

nemo regere potest, nisi qui et regi,

Sen. Ira, 2, 15 fin.; Quint. 12, 10, 69.—

Transf.

To sway, control, rule, govern, have the supremacy over any thing:

quare qui convenit polliceri operam suam rei publicae, cum rem publicam regere nesciant?

Cic. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,

rem publicam,

id. ib. 1, 26, 41;

1, 27, 43: in iis civitatibus quae ab optimis reguntur,

id. ib. 1, 34 fin.;

2, 9, 15: illa civitas optimatium arbitrio regi dicitur,

id. ib. 1, 26, 42; cf.:

Massilienses per delectos et principes cives summā justitiā reguntur,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

Frisios,

Tac. A. 4, 72:

populos imperio,

Verg. A. 6, 851:

imperiis Italiam,

id. ib. 4, 230:

legiones,

Tac. A. 15, 7; cf.

cohortes,

id. H. 4, 12:

exercitum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 13, 2; id. Pan. 9, 2:

domum,

Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 4:

diva, quae regis Antium,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 1:

Diana, quae silentium regis,

id. Epod. 5, 51.— Transf., of abstract objects:

animi partes consilio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

ut unius potestate regatur salus et aequabilitas et otium civium,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

rex ille (Tarquinius) neque suos mores regere poterat neque suorum libidines,

id. ib. 2, 25, 46.— Absol.:

Tiberio regente,

Tac. A. 4, 33; 13, 3:

stare rempublicam nisi uno regente non posse,

Quint. 3, 8, 47:

quo regente,

Verg. Cul. 333; Just. 1, 9, 23:

Clemens ambitioso imperio regebat,

i. e. used his authority to court popular favor, Tac. H. 2, 12.—

To guide into the right way one who has erred; to set right, correct: non multa peccas, sed si peccas, te regere possum, old poet ap. Cic. Mur. 29, 60 (with corrigere and inflectere):

errantem regere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

rogo, domine, consilio me regas, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 10, 19 (30), 1; cf.: alicujus dubitationem, id. ib 10, 118 (119), 3.— Hence,

P. a. as subst.: rĕgens, entis, m., a governor, prince, ruler, regent:

contemptus regentium,

Tac. A. 12, 54:

in obsequium regentis,

id. Or. 41: clementia regentis, Sen. Clem. 1, 22, 3:

vita regentis,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 301:

excogitare nemo quicquam poterit, quod magis decorum regenti sit quam clementia,

Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 1; id. Ep. 59, 7:

in vulgus manant exempla regentum (= -tium),

Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 168.—

rectus, a, um, P. a., led straight along, drawn in a straight line (horizontal or vertical), straight, upright, orthos.

Lit., of horizontal direction:

pars Remorum recta est (opp. refracta),

Lucr. 4, 439:

sed nil omnino rectā regione viaï declinare,

id. 2, 249 Munro:

rectā regione iter instituere,

Liv. 21, 31:

India, rectā regione spatiosa,

Curt. 8, 9, 2; cf. id. 7, 9, 2:

ad nostras aedes hic quidem habet rectam viam,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 26:

via,

id. Cas. 5, 2, 7; id. Poen. 3, 3, 79; id. Ps. 4, 7, 37; Ter. And. 3, 4, 21; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 80; Mart. 8, 75, 2; cf.

platea,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 58; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 35; 43:

porta,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 60:

ostium,

id. Mil. 2, 3, 58:

ostia viarum (opp. iter flexum),

Lucr. 4, 93:

cursus hinc in Africam,

Liv. 26, 43:

saxa quae rectis lineis suos ordines servant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23 fin.:

recto flumine,

Verg. A. 8, 57:

recto ad Iberum itinere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 69; Liv. 22, 9:

ne qua forent pedibus vestigia rectis,

Verg. A. 8, 209:

recto grassetur limite miles,

Ov. Tr. 2, 477:

velut rectae acies concurrissent,

in a straight line, line of battle, Liv. 34, 28; so,

acies,

id. 35, 28:

qui (quincunx), in quamcumque partem spectaveris, rectus est,

Quint. 8, 3, 9:

hic vos aliud nihil orat, nisi ut rectis oculis hanc urbem sibi intueri liceat,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 48:

adversus adparatus terribilium rectos oculos tenet,

Sen. Const. 5, 5:

rectis oculis gladios micantes videre,

id. Ep. 76, 33; 104, 24:

oculi,

Suet. Aug. 16; cf.

acies,

Ov. M. 2, 776:

lumen,

Luc. 9, 638:

vultus,

Stat. Th. 10, 542.—Of vertical direction:

ut hae (partes) rursum rectis lineis in caelestem locum subvolent,

in perpendicular lines, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

saxa,

perpendicular, steep, Liv. 21, 36 (just before: pleraque Alpium arrectiora sunt); cf.:

rectae prope rupes,

id. 38, 20:

truncus,

Ov. M. 7, 640:

ita jacere talum, ut rectus assistat: qui ita talus erit jactus ut cadet rectus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 53:

caput rectum et secundum naturam (opp. dejectum, supinum), in latus inclinatum,

Quint. 11, 3, 69:

homines,

straight, erect, Cat. 10, 20; so,

Quintia,

id. 86, 1:

puella,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 123:

senectus,

Juv. 3, 26:

iterque Non agit in rectum, sed in orbem curvat eundem,

does not shape his course directly forward, Ov. M. 2, 715:

vidit ut hostiles in rectum exire cohortes,

Luc. 7, 327. — Comp.:

crus Rectius,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 82:

rectior coma,

smoother, straighter, Sen. Ep. 95, 24:

longā trabe rectior exstet,

Ov. M. 3, 78:

crura,

Pall. 7, 7. — Sup.:

rectissima linea,

Quint. 3, 6, 83:

via,

id. 12, 2, 27. —

Trop.

In gen., right, correct, proper, appropriate, befitting; opp. to what is false or improper: vobis mentes rectae quae stare solebant, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16 (Ann. v. 208 Vahl.):

ut rectā viā rem narret ordine omnem,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28 (just before: aperte, ita ut res sese habet, narrato); cf. id. And. 2, 6, 11: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam: Ea res est, you ' re on the right way, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 39: in rectam redire semitam, cf. id. Cas. 2, 3, 33:

rectā viā depelli,

Quint. 2, 7, 29; 10, 1, 29; cf. Sen. Ep. 94, 54; Quint. 2, 6, 2;

so post-class.: de viā rectā declinare,

Gell. 1, 3, 15: a rectā viā avertere, Aug. Civ Dei, 12, 17, 2: ad rectum iter retrahere, Hier. in Osee, 2, 8 sq.; id. in Mich. 3, 5:

recta consilia dare,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

quae sint in artibus recta ac prava dijudicare,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 195; cf.:

quae sunt recta et simplicia laudantur,

id. Off. 1, 36, 130; Quint. 9, 3, 3:

sermo rectus et secundum naturam enunciatus,

id. 2, 5, 11; cf.:

(oratio) recta an ordine permutato,

id. 1, 13, 5; 9, 4, 27:

per Marathonis propugnatores recto sono juravit (opp. flexus vocis),

id. 11, 3, 168 Spald.; cf. id. 11, 3, 64:

recto ac justo proelio dimicare,

Liv. 35, 4 fin.:

rectarum cenarum consuetudo,

a regular, formal supper, Suet. Dom. 7; so,

cena,

Mart. 2, 69, 7; 7, 20, 2; also absol.:

recta,

Suet. Aug. 74; Mart. 8, 50, 10:

domus recta est (with contenta decore simplici),

Sen. Ep. 100, 6:

nominibus rectis expendere nummos,

i. e. on good securities, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105: ut natura dedit, sic omnis recta figura, correct, beautiful, Prop. 2, 18, 25 (3, 11, 3):

absque te esset, ego illum haberem rectum ad ingenium bonum,

suitable, qualified, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 8.— Subst.: rectum, i, n.:

rectum est etiam in illis contentionibus gravitatem retinere,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:

quid verum, quid falsum, quid rectum in oratione pravumve,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 19:

aliter, quam est rectum verumque dicere,

Quint. 6, 3, 89:

cum sit rectum, Nocere facile est, etc.,

id. 8, 5, 6;

so (opp. durum et incomptum),

id. 8, 6, 65; (opp. vitiosum) id. 1, 5, 29:

mutare aliquid a recto,

id. 2, 13, 11:

recta et vera loquere,

i. e. sincerely, openly, Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 7:

qui haec recta tantum et in nullos flexus recedentia copiose tractaverit,

Quint. 10, 5, 12:

ea plerumque recta sunt,

id. 9, 2, 5; cf. id. 9, 2, 45.— Comp.:

rectior divisio,

Quint. 7, 2, 39:

si quid novisti rectius istis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 67; Cic. Rep. 1, 40, 62.— Sup.:

rectissima ratio,

Quint. 2, 13, 3.—

In partic.

Morally right, correct, lawful, just, virtuous, noble, good (opp. pravus); as subst.: rectum, i, n., that which is right, good, virtuous; uprightness, rectitude, virtue (very freq.):

honesta res dividitur in rectum et laudabile. Rectum est, quod cum virtute et officio fit,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 3: illud rectum, quod katorthôma dicebat, Cic. Fin. 4, 6, 15:

nec quicquam nisi honestum et rectum ab altero postulare,

id. Lael. 22, 82;

so with honestum,

id. ib. 21, 76; id. Fin. 1, 7, 25; id. Off. 1, 24, 82; id. Fam. 5, 19, 1 al.:

(opp. pravum) neque id Putabit, pravum an rectum siet, quod petet,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 76; id. Phorm. 5, 2, 6; Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 33; id. Or. 14, 45; id. Lig. 9, 30; Quint. 1, 3, 12; 2, 4, 20 et saep.; cf.:

recta consilia (opp. prava),

Liv. 1, 27:

in rectis (opp. in pravitatibus),

Cic. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

curvo dignoscere rectum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 44:

mens sibi conscia recti,

Verg. A. 1, 604:

fidem rectumque colebat,

Ov. M. 1, 90:

recta ingenia (opp. perversa),

Plin. Ep. 4, 7, 3 et saep.:

in omni vitā suā quemque a rectā conscientiā traversum unguem non oportet discedere,

Cic. Att. 13, 20, 4:

animus secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 36:

natura,

id. S. 1, 6, 66:

ex consularibus, unus L. Caesar firmus est et rectus,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 13; cf.

auditor,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 6:

vir rectus et sanctus,

id. ib. 2, 11, 5; cf. id. ib. 7, 31, 1:

beatus judicii rectus,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 2.— Rectum est, with subjective-clause:

rectum est gravitatem retinere,

Cic. Off. 1, 38 fin.; so id. ib. 3, 11, 47; id. Mur. 2, 3; id. Att. 6, 9, 4.—

In gram.: rectus casus, the nominative case (because not inflected;

opp. obliqui casus),

Varr. L. L. 1 sq.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; 1, 5, 61; Gell. 13, 12, 4 et saep.—Hence the adverbs,

rectā,

rectō,

rectē.

rectā (sc. viā). straightway, straightforwards, right on, directly (freq. and class.):

hic ad me rectā habet rectam viam,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 11; id. Ps. 4, 7, 37:

jam ad regem rectā me ducam,

id. Am. 4, 3, 8; 5, 1, 63; id. Capt. 3, 5, 93; id. Cas. prol. 43; id. Mil. 2, 5, 50; id. Merc. 5, 2, 92; id. Ps. 4, 2, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 13; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 7:

tu rus hinc ibis?... rectā,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 79; id. Hec. 3, 3, 12; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 62; 5, 6, 19:

Marius ab subselliis in rostra rectā,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Att. 5, 14, 2; 6, 8, 1; 16, 10, 1; id. Fam. 9, 19, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 61, § 160; id. Cat. 1, 9, 23; Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; Auct. B. Afr. 18; 40; Auct. B. Hisp. 3; Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 al.: tendimus hinc rectā Beneventum. Hor. S. 1, 5, 71. —

rectō, straightforwards, directly (perh. only in the two foll. passages):

appellationes, quae recto ad principem factae sunt,

Dig. 49, 1, 21; Inscr. Grut. 611, 13.—

rectē.

Lit., in a straight line (horizontal or perpendicular), straightly, perpendicularly, uprightly, orthôs (very rare):

vitem bene enodatam deligato recte, flexuosa uti ne siet,

Cato, R. R. 33, 4:

sive aliae (atomi) declinabunt, aliae suo nutu recte ferentur... quae (atomi) recte, quae oblique ferantur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 20:

satyri, cum quadrupedes, tum recte currentes, humanā effigie,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 24.—

Trop., rightly, correctly, properly, duly, suitably, well, advantageously, accurately (very freq. in all periods and styles):

recta et vera loquere, sed neque vere neque recte adhuc Fecisti umquam,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 7; cf. Cic. Lael. 2, 8:

fecisti edepol et recte et bene,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 20: si facias recte [p. 1553] aut commode, id. Cas. 2, 3, 42;

so with commode,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 100:

recte et sapienter facit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 12:

recte atque ordine factum,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

recte atque ordine facere,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 38; Sall. C. 51, 4; Liv. 24, 31; 28, 39; 30, 17 et saep.;

v. Brisson. Form. II. p. 197: recte ac merito miseriā commoveri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

recte atque in loco constare,

id. Mur. 12, 26:

recte factum,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 52:

seu recte seu pervorse facta sunt,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 146:

seu recte seu perperam facere,

Cic. Quint. 8, 31; so (opp. perperam) Sall. J. 31, 27; Liv. 29, 17:

recte dictum (opp. absurde),

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 4:

recte concludere (opp. vitiose),

Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 98:

recte factum (opp. turpiter),

Caes. B. G. 7, 80 et saep.:

recte rationem tenes,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 47:

hercle quin tu recte dicis,

id. Men. 2, 3, 74; id. Merc. 2, 3, 77; 5, 4, 47: recte auguraris de me, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, 1:

non recte judicas de Catone,

Cic. Lael. 2, 9; cf.:

rectissime quidem judicas,

id. Rep. 3, 32, 44:

tum demum sciam Recta monuisse, si tu recte caveris,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 71 sq.:

monere,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 96; id. Ps. 4, 4, 12; id. Pers. 4, 4, 53; id. Rud. 3, 5, 49; cf.:

admonere recte,

id. Men. 5, 9, 33:

suis amicis recte res suas narrare,

properly, openly, id. Poen. 5, 6, 2:

hic (Epicurus) circumitione quādam deos tollens recte non dubitat divinationem tollere,

consistently, logically, Cic. Div. 2, 17, 40:

aliquem asservare recte, ne aufugiat,

duly, carefully, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 11:

alicui recte dare epistulam,

correctly, id. Ps. 4, 2, 33:

cum fuit cui recte ad te litteras darem,

safely, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 1; id. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so,

sed habebat ducem Gabinium, quicum quidvis rectissime facere posset,

id. Phil. 2, 19, 49; cf.:

alicui suam salutem recte committere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 6 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 74:

si recte ambulaverit is, qui hanc epistulam tulit,

goes as he ought, Cic. Att. 9, 4, 3: tabernaculum recte captum, i. e. in the prescribed manner (opp. vitio captum), id. Div. 2, 35, 75; Liv. 4, 7; cf.:

ludi recte facti,

id. 36, 2:

ver sacrum non esse recte factum,

id. 34, 44: procedere recte, well, rightly, Enn. ap. Acron. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 454 Vahl.): Pi. Recte valet? Ch. Vivit recte et valet, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 11, and 14:

valere,

id. Merc. 2, 3, 53:

apud matrem recte est,

i. e. she is quite well, Cic. Att. 1, 7 init.; so,

recte esse,

id. ib. 14, 16, 4 (with belle); Hor. S. 2, 3, 162 Orell.; cf.: Tullia nostra recte valet... Praeterea rectissime sunt apud te omnia, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1:

recte sit oculis tuis,

Gell. 13, 30, 11:

olivetum recte putare,

properly, advantageously, Cato, R. R. 44:

solet illa recte sub manus succedere,

well, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 2:

recte cavere,

to look out well, take good care, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 15; id. Ep. 2, 2, 107; id. Most. 3, 3, 23; id. Men. 2, 2, 72; cf.: recte sibi videre, to look out well for one ' s self, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 12 Ruhnk.:

deos volo consilia vostra recte vortere,

well, happily, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 31; so,

vortere,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 41: recte vendere, well, i. e. dearly, at a high price (opp. male), Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

alicui nec recte dicere, i. e. male, injuriose,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 11; id. Most. 1, 3, 83; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13; cf.:

nec recte loqui alicui,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 83:

nec recte dicere in aliquem,

id. As. 1, 3, 3;

and simply nec recte dicere,

id. Ps. 4, 6, 23.— Comp.:

ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 46:

hic tibi erit rectius,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 31:

rectius bella gerere,

Liv. 3, 2 fin.:

non possidentem multa vocaveris Recte beatum, rectius occupet Nomen beati, qui, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 46.— Sup., Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; v. supra. —

With adjj., right, well, properly, very, much, to strengthen the idea (ante-class.): illasce oves, quā de re agitur, sanas recte esse, uti pecus ovillum, quod recte sanum est, etc., an ancient formula in Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:

locus recte ferax,

Cato, R. R. 44:

salvus sum recte,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 34:

morata recte,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 62:

oneratus recte,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 115:

non recte vinctus est,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 52.—

Ellipt., esp. in answers, in colloquial lang., well, quite well, right, excellently: Thr. Primum aedis expugnabo. Gn. Recte. Thr. Virginem eripiam. Gn. Probe. Thr. Male mulcabo ipsam. Gn. Pulchre, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 3: quid vos? quo pacto hic? satin recte? (sc. est, agitur, valetis, etc.), quite well? id. And. 4, 5, 9; cf.: Le. Satin' salve? dic mihi. Ca. Recte, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 54; and: De. Quid fit? quid agitur? Sy. Recte. De. Optime'st, Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 3; Quint. 6, 3, 84.—

So, in colloquial lang., freq. like benigne and the Gr. kalôs, or kallista echei, as a courteously evasive answer, all ' s well, it ' s all right, there ' s nothing the matter; or, in politely declining an offer, nothing is wanting, no I thank you: De. Unde incedis? quid festinas, gnate mi? Ch. Recte pater, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 33; cf.: So. Quid es tam tristis? Pa. Recte mater, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 20; and: Ch. Quid tu istic? Syr. Recte equidem, id. Heaut. 3, 2, 7: Mi. Quid est? Aes. Nihil, recte, perge, id. Ad. 4, 5, 19:

rogo numquid velit? Recte inquit,

i. e. no, nothing, id. Eun. 2, 3, 51; so,

in an exclamation: clamabit, pulchre! bene! recte!

Hor. A. P. 4, 28.

con-dōno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

Aliquid (aliquem) alicui, to give something to one, to present, deliver up (in good prose; most freq. in Cic.; not in Quint.).

In gen.

Prop.:

pallam,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 94:

pateram tibi,

id. Am. 1, 3, 38:

apothecas hominibus nequissimis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 67:

omnia certis hominibus (corresp. with dare),

id. Agr. 2, 6, 15:

facultas agrorum suis latronibus condonandi,

id. Phil. 5, 3, 6 Wernsd. N. cr. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. §

661): hereditatem alicui (praetor),

to adjudge, id. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 105.—

Trop., to give up, surrender, deliver up, sacrifice, devote, bring as an offering:

aliquid dicioni, judicio potestatique alicujus permittere et condonare,

Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 39:

aliquid potentiae alicujus,

id. Fam. 5, 18, 2:

consuli totam Achaiam,

id. Dom. 23, 60:

aliquem cruci,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 26:

omnes inimicitias rei publicae,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 50:

ne patiamini M. Caelium libidini muliebri condonatum,

id. Cael. 32, 78: ut M. Aemilius cum suā dignitate omni... vanissimae genti condonetur, id. Scaur. 22, 45; cf.:

seque vitamque suam reipublicae,

Sall. J. 79, 9:

suum dolorem ejus voluntati ac precibus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—

Esp., to give a debt to one, i. e. to remit, acquit from.

Prop.:

pecunias creditas debitoribus,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 78.—More freq.,

Trop.

To pardon, remit an offence:

ut crimen hoc nobis condonetis,

Cic. Mil. 2, 6:

uti Jugurthae scelus condonaretur,

Sall. J. 27, 2.—

To pardon, refrain from punishing a crime out of regard or favor: meam animadversionem et supplicium, quo usurus eram in eum, remitto tibi et condono, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 2:

alterius lubidini malefacta condonare,

Sall. C. 52, 8:

tres fratres non solum sibi ipsis, neque his tot ac talibus viris, neque nobis necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonaveris,

Cic. Lig. 12, 36:

non sibi ac defensioni suae condonatum esse Oppianicum,

id. Clu. 39, 109:

datus est tibi ille, condonatus est ille,

id. Planc. 31, 75; id. Fam. 13, 73, 2:

filium sibi,

Liv. 3, 12, 8:

unum tot Claudiis deprecantibus,

id. 3, 58, 3:

Divitiaco fratri (sc. Dumnorigem),

Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin. —

Aliquem aliquid or absol., to present one with something (only in the foll. exs.):

si quam (rem) debes, te condono,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 24; so id. Pers. 5, 2, 36:

argentum, quod habes, condonamus te,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 54: aurum aliquem, Afran. ap. Non. p. 497, 29.— Pass. impers., with acc. of thing:

habeo alia multa quae nunc condonabitur,

Ter. Eun. prol. 17.

rĕ-servo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to keep back, save up, qs. for future use; to reserve (very freq. and class.; cf. repono); constr.: aliquid ( aliquem) ad aliquid, in aliquid, alicui, with a terminal adv. or absol.

With ad:

reliquas merces commeatusque ad obsidionem urbis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36:

philosophorum libros sibi ad Tusculani requiem atque otium,

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 224; id. Sull. 28, 77:

aliquid ad testes,

id. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:

vitam suam ad incertissimam spem,

id. Sest. 22, 50:

hoc consilium ad extremum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 3 fin.:

ad ejus periculum legiones,

id. B. C. 1, 2:

consulem non ad vitam suam sed ad salutem vestram,

Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18:

te ad aliquod severius judicium, id. Or. in Tog. Cand. (tom. ii. 1, p. 523 Orell.): vos ad eam rem,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

testem ad extremum,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nonne et hominem ipsum ad dubia rei publicae tempora reservandum?

id. Font. 19, 42 (15, 32):

utinam ad illa tempora me fortuna reservavisset!

id. Off. 2, 21, 75:

se ad majora,

Verg. A. 4, 368.—

With in:

inimicitiasque in aliud tempus reservare,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47:

poenas praesentis fraudis in diem,

id. Cael. 24, 59:

partem (stercoris) in pratum,

Cato, R. R. 29:

aliquem in aliud tempus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53; id. B. C. 3, 60:

aliquos in unum pugnae laborem,

Liv. 7, 7.—

With dat.:

natura reservans semina rebus,

Lucr. 1, 614:

illorum esse praedam atque illis reservari,

Caes. B. G. 5, 34:

causam a judicibus praetermissam ipsis (decemviris),

Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 12:

scientiam rei mihi,

id. Or. 48, 160:

tibi se peritura Pergama,

Ov. M. 13, 168:

cetera praesenti sermoni,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 1; id. Mur. 21, 45:

ista judicia melioribus meis rebus,

Liv. 3, 51:

se temporibus aliis,

Cic. Planc. 5, 13:

me Minucio et Salvio,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 21:

nos reipublicae,

Liv. 25, 6:

te non urbi sed carceri,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9:

cui te exitio,

Verg. A. 5, 625:

incolumem Pallanta mihi si fata reservant,

id. ib. 8, 575:

se judiciis posterorum,

Quint. 11, 1, 10:

supplicia alicui,

Stat. Th. 8, 121.—

With a terminal adv.:

quid hoc homine facias? aut quo civem importunum reserves?

Cic. Sest. 13, 29.—

With a simple object, to keep from perishing, to save, preserve (very rare):

vide ne, cum velis revocare tempus omnium reservandorum, cum qui servetur non erit, non possis,

Cic. Fam. 5, 4, 2 Orell. N. cr.; cf.:

partum reservare,

Cels. 2, 8 med.:

reservatis Haeduis atque Arvernis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 89 fin.:

hominem,

Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

gladiatores,

Suet. Caes. 26:

quaesitique tenax et qui quaesita reservent,

Ov. M. 7, 657.

stŭdĕo, ŭi, 2 ( perf. studīvi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 5), v. a. and n. [perh. kindr. with speudô, spoudê, to speed, haste], to be eager or zealous, to take pains about, be diligent in, anxious about, busy one's self with, strive after, to apply one's self to or pursue some course of action, etc.; to desire, wish, etc. (very freq. and class.; cf.: operam do).

In gen.

Absol. (very rare), Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12:

ut aequum fuerat atque ut studui,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 31: si qui in eā re studebat, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 11, 2, 5.—

With acc. (rare; mostly with neutr. pronn. and adjj.): horum ille nihil egregie Studebat;

et tamen omnia haec mediocriter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 32:

eadem,

id. Hec. 2, 1, 2:

illud ipsum, quod studet,

Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 6:

perspexi ex tuis litteris, quod semper studui, me a te plurimi fieri,

id. Fam. 7, 31, 1:

lenonem perjurum ut perdas id studes,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 72; so,

id, ut, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 2:

id, ne, etc.,

Liv. 40, 56, 2:

unum studetis Antonii conatum avertere a re publicā,

Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

hoc unum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 120.—With a defin. obj. (very rare):

minus has res,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 44: res Graecas, Titin. ap. Prisc. p. 629 P.—

With inf. or acc. with inf. (freq.):

si merito meo referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27:

verum audire ex te studeo,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42; cf.:

de quo studeo ex te audire quod sentias,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

scire studeo, quid egeris,

id. Att. 13, 20, 3:

studemus, nostris consiliis tutiorem vitam hominum reddere,

id. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

fieri studebam ejus prudentiā doctior,

id. Lael. 1, 1:

hanc acerbitate opprimere studuit,

Nep. Dion, 6, 5:

portum intrare,

id. Chabr. 4, 2:

ego me id facere studeo,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 52:

si quisquam est, qui placere se studeat bonis Quam plurimis,

Ter. Eun. prol. 1:

illis gratum se videri studet,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 70:

te sociam studeo scribendis versibus esse,

Lucr. 1, 24:

omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

neque est, cur nunc studeam, has nuptias mutarier,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 51; cf.:

rem ad arma deduci,

Caes. B. C. 1, 4; Matt. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2.—

With dat. (so most freq. in prose and poetry):

somno,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 42:

illi rei studet,

id. As. 1, 3, 30; cf.:

huic rei studendum, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

iisdem rebus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

frustra aut pecuniae, aut imperiis, aut opibus, aut gloriae,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 60:

praeturae,

id. Cael. 11, 26:

virtuti, laudi, dignitati,

id. Fin. 4, 24, 65:

novis rebus,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 3, 10; 4, 5:

agriculturae,

id. ib. 6, 22;

6, 29: sacrificiis,

id. ib. 6, 21:

litteris,

Cic. Brut. 93, 322; cf.:

alicui scientiae,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 10:

alicui arti,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 4:

medicinae,

Quint. 7, 2, 17:

commodis communibus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 13:

nomini,

Flor. 3, 10, 19:

lectis sternendis studuimus munditiisque apparandis,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 3, 5:

armamentis complicandis et componendis,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 83:

patrimonio augendo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 225:

juri et legibus cognoscendis,

id. Rep. 5, 3, 5:

revocandis regibus,

Flor. 1, 9, 5.—

With gen.: parens, qui te nec amet nec studeat tui, troubles himself about you, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72 (Com. Rel. v. 201 Rib.).—

With ut (rare):

Caesar maxime studebat, ut partem oppidi excluderet, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 4: ut habeas,

Cato, R. R. 5; Dig. 43, 10, 1; cf. with ne:

ne solus esset, studui,

Phaedr. 2, epil. 6:

ne sint,

Dig. 43, 10, 1.—

In aliquid (rare):

in quam rem studendum sit,

Quint. 12, 6, 6:

quidam pictores in id solum student, ut sciant,

id. 10, 2, 6.—

In partic.

To be zealous for any one, i. e. to be friendly, attached, or favorable to one, to favor him (syn. favere).

With dat.:

ut studeat tibi, ut te adjuvet,

Cic. Mur. 36, 76:

homini nequam atque improbo,

id. Cael. 4, 10:

Catilinae,

id. ib. 5, 12:

cui (with favere),

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 67:

quibus (partibus) illi student,

Auct. Her. 2, 27, 43:

nonnullae civitates rebus Cassii studebant, Auct. B. Alex. 62, 2: rebus Atheniensium,

Nep. Lys. 1 med.:

petitioni alicujus,

Quint. 11, 1, 69.—

Absol.:

neque studere neque odisse,

Sall. C. 51, 13.—

To apply one's self to learning, to study, be diligent in study (only post-Aug.; for which in Cic. litteris, arti, etc.; v. supra, I. A. d):

computamus annos, non quibus studuimus, sed quibus viximus,

Quint. 12, 11, 19; 2, 7, 1: Demosthenes diligenter apud Andronicum studuit. id. 11, 3, 7: aliquem a proposito studendi fugare, id. 2, 2, 7: non est, quod post cibum studeas. Sen. Ep. 94, 20:

duo, qui apud Chaldaeos studuisse se dicunt,

id. Q. N. 7, 4, 1:

negat enim te studere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2:

studes an piscaris?

id. ib. 2, 8, 1; 2, 13, 5;

5, 5, 18: solacium studendi,

Suet. Tib. 61:

videtur mihi inter Menenios et Appios studuisse,

Tac. Or. 21; so id. ib. 32; 34.— Subst.: stŭ-dens, entis, m., a diligent student:

in habitu studentis,

Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 5.

stŭdĕo, ŭi, 2 ( perf. studīvi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 5), v. a. and n. [perh. kindr. with speudô, spoudê, to speed, haste], to be eager or zealous, to take pains about, be diligent in, anxious about, busy one's self with, strive after, to apply one's self to or pursue some course of action, etc.; to desire, wish, etc. (very freq. and class.; cf.: operam do).

In gen.

Absol. (very rare), Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12:

ut aequum fuerat atque ut studui,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 31: si qui in eā re studebat, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 11, 2, 5.—

With acc. (rare; mostly with neutr. pronn. and adjj.): horum ille nihil egregie Studebat;

et tamen omnia haec mediocriter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 32:

eadem,

id. Hec. 2, 1, 2:

illud ipsum, quod studet,

Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 6:

perspexi ex tuis litteris, quod semper studui, me a te plurimi fieri,

id. Fam. 7, 31, 1:

lenonem perjurum ut perdas id studes,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 72; so,

id, ut, etc.,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 2:

id, ne, etc.,

Liv. 40, 56, 2:

unum studetis Antonii conatum avertere a re publicā,

Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

hoc unum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 120.—With a defin. obj. (very rare):

minus has res,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 44: res Graecas, Titin. ap. Prisc. p. 629 P.—

With inf. or acc. with inf. (freq.):

si merito meo referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27:

verum audire ex te studeo,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42; cf.:

de quo studeo ex te audire quod sentias,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

scire studeo, quid egeris,

id. Att. 13, 20, 3:

studemus, nostris consiliis tutiorem vitam hominum reddere,

id. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

fieri studebam ejus prudentiā doctior,

id. Lael. 1, 1:

hanc acerbitate opprimere studuit,

Nep. Dion, 6, 5:

portum intrare,

id. Chabr. 4, 2:

ego me id facere studeo,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 52:

si quisquam est, qui placere se studeat bonis Quam plurimis,

Ter. Eun. prol. 1:

illis gratum se videri studet,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 70:

te sociam studeo scribendis versibus esse,

Lucr. 1, 24:

omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

neque est, cur nunc studeam, has nuptias mutarier,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 51; cf.:

rem ad arma deduci,

Caes. B. C. 1, 4; Matt. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2.—

With dat. (so most freq. in prose and poetry):

somno,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 42:

illi rei studet,

id. As. 1, 3, 30; cf.:

huic rei studendum, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

iisdem rebus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

frustra aut pecuniae, aut imperiis, aut opibus, aut gloriae,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 60:

praeturae,

id. Cael. 11, 26:

virtuti, laudi, dignitati,

id. Fin. 4, 24, 65:

novis rebus,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 3, 10; 4, 5:

agriculturae,

id. ib. 6, 22;

6, 29: sacrificiis,

id. ib. 6, 21:

litteris,

Cic. Brut. 93, 322; cf.:

alicui scientiae,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 10:

alicui arti,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 4:

medicinae,

Quint. 7, 2, 17:

commodis communibus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 13:

nomini,

Flor. 3, 10, 19:

lectis sternendis studuimus munditiisque apparandis,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 3, 5:

armamentis complicandis et componendis,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 83:

patrimonio augendo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 225:

juri et legibus cognoscendis,

id. Rep. 5, 3, 5:

revocandis regibus,

Flor. 1, 9, 5.—

With gen.: parens, qui te nec amet nec studeat tui, troubles himself about you, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72 (Com. Rel. v. 201 Rib.).—

With ut (rare):

Caesar maxime studebat, ut partem oppidi excluderet, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 4: ut habeas,

Cato, R. R. 5; Dig. 43, 10, 1; cf. with ne:

ne solus esset, studui,

Phaedr. 2, epil. 6:

ne sint,

Dig. 43, 10, 1.—

In aliquid (rare):

in quam rem studendum sit,

Quint. 12, 6, 6:

quidam pictores in id solum student, ut sciant,

id. 10, 2, 6.—

In partic.

To be zealous for any one, i. e. to be friendly, attached, or favorable to one, to favor him (syn. favere).

With dat.:

ut studeat tibi, ut te adjuvet,

Cic. Mur. 36, 76:

homini nequam atque improbo,

id. Cael. 4, 10:

Catilinae,

id. ib. 5, 12:

cui (with favere),

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 67:

quibus (partibus) illi student,

Auct. Her. 2, 27, 43:

nonnullae civitates rebus Cassii studebant, Auct. B. Alex. 62, 2: rebus Atheniensium,

Nep. Lys. 1 med.:

petitioni alicujus,

Quint. 11, 1, 69.—

Absol.:

neque studere neque odisse,

Sall. C. 51, 13.—

To apply one's self to learning, to study, be diligent in study (only post-Aug.; for which in Cic. litteris, arti, etc.; v. supra, I. A. d):

computamus annos, non quibus studuimus, sed quibus viximus,

Quint. 12, 11, 19; 2, 7, 1: Demosthenes diligenter apud Andronicum studuit. id. 11, 3, 7: aliquem a proposito studendi fugare, id. 2, 2, 7: non est, quod post cibum studeas. Sen. Ep. 94, 20:

duo, qui apud Chaldaeos studuisse se dicunt,

id. Q. N. 7, 4, 1:

negat enim te studere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2:

studes an piscaris?

id. ib. 2, 8, 1; 2, 13, 5;

5, 5, 18: solacium studendi,

Suet. Tib. 61:

videtur mihi inter Menenios et Appios studuisse,

Tac. Or. 21; so id. ib. 32; 34.— Subst.: stŭ-dens, entis, m., a diligent student:

in habitu studentis,

Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 5.

suādĕo, si, sum, 2 (scanned as a trisyl., sŭādent, Lucr. 4, 1157: suavis, Key, § 972), v. n. and a. [Sanscr. svad-, to taste, please; Gr. had-, handanô, to please; Lat. suavis, suadela, etc.; Germ. süsz; Engl. sweet], to advise, recommend, exhort, urge, persuade (freq. and class.; cf.: hortor, moneo).

In gen., constr. absol., with dat. of pers., and with acc. rei, an obj.-clause, ut or ne, or the simple subj.; rarely with acc. pers.

Absol.:

non jubeo, sed, si me consulis, suadeo,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 13:

instare, Suadere, orare,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 37; Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 37:

recte suadere,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 43:

pulchre,

id. Phorm. 3, 3, 9:

itane suades?

id. Eun. 1, 1, 31:

ita faciam, ut suades,

Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1:

male suadendo lacerant homines,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 22:

bene suadere,

Cic. Lael. 13, 44.—

With dat. pers.:

an C. Trebonio persuasi? cui ne suadere quidem ausus essem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27:

alicui sapientius suadere,

id. Fam. 2, 7, 1.—

With acc. rei:

modo quod suasit, dissuadet,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 10:

pacem,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

digito silentia,

Ov. M. 9, 692:

longe diversa,

Vell. 2, 52, 2:

asperiora,

Suet. Caes. 14:

quietem et concordiam,

id. Oth. 8.—So with dat. pers.:

quod tibi suadeam, suadeam meo patri,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 40:

multa multis saepe suasit perperam,

id. ib. 2, 2, 78:

tu quod ipse tibi suaseris, idem mihi persuasum putato,

Cic. Att. 13, 38, 2:

quid mi igitur suades?

Hor. S. 1, 1, 101.— Pass.:

minus placet, magis quod suadetur: quod dissuadetur placet,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 44.—

With inf. or obj.-clause (mostly poet.):

vide ne facinus facias, cum mori suadeas,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95:

nemo suaserit studiosis dicendi adulescentibus in gestu discendo elaborare,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 251:

Juturnam misero fateor succurrere fratri Suasi,

Verg. A. 12, 814; Aus. Idyll. 2, 53:

ne hoc quidem suaserim, uni se alicui proprie addicere,

Quint. 10, 2, 24: praesidibus onerandas [p. 1771] tributo provincias suadentibus, Suet. Tib. 32.—With dat. pers.:

nisi mihi ab adulescentiā suasissem, nihil esse in vitā magnopere expetendum nisi laudem,

persuaded, convinced, Cic. Arch. 6, 14:

suadebant amici nullam esse rationem, etc.,

id. Caecin. 5, 15; Quint. 2, 5, 23.—Cf. pass.:

nec potest aliquid suaderi perdere,

Arn. 2, n. 26:

Megadorus a sorore suasus ducere uxorem,

Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, v. 6.—

With ut or ne:

interea, ut decumbamus, suadebo,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 64; Cic. Att. 11, 16, 4:

suadebimus, ut laudem humanitatis potius concupiscat,

Quint. 5, 13, 6:

orat, ut suadeam Philolacheti, Ut istas remittat sibi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 110; id. Ep. 3, 2, 19:

postea me, ut sibi essem legatus non solum suasit, verum etiam rogavit,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 17, 42; cf. in the foll. z:

qui suadet, ne praecipitetur editio,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1:

cum acerrime suasisset Lepido, ne se cum Antonio jungeret,

Vell. 2, 63, 2:

suadere Prisco, ne supra principem scanderet,

Tac. H. 4, 8 fin. —

With simple subj.:

proinde istud facias ipse, quod faciamus, nobis suades,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 54:

suadeo cenemus,

Petr. 35 fin.:

se suadere, Pharnabazo id negotii daret,

Nep. Con. 4, 1.—

With acc. pers. (very rare):

ego neque te jubeo, neque veto neque suadeo,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 120:

uxorem ejus tacite suasi ac denique persuasi, secederet paululum,

App. M. 9, p. 228, 37; so,

aliquem,

Tert. Hab. Mul. 1; cf. also supra. e, the pass. Cic. Prov. Cons. 17, 42.—Hence, part. pass.:

paucorum asseverationibus suasi,

Arn. 1, 64.—

With de and abl.:

suasuri de pace,

Quint. 3, 8, 14.—

Transf., of things (mostly poet.), to urge, induce, impel:

autumno suadente,

Lucr. 1, 175:

fames,

Verg. A. 9, 340; 10, 724:

suadente pavore,

Sil. 7, 668; 12, 12:

ita suadentibus annis,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 6:

verba suadentia,

Stat. Th. 11, 435:

tantum religio potuit suadere malorum!

Lucr. 1, 101:

suadent cadentia sidera somnos,

Verg. A. 2, 9: cui nulla malum sententia suadet, Ut faceret facinus, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 248 Vahl.):

me pietas matris potius commodum suadet sequi,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 31:

tua me virtus quemvis sufferre laborem Suadet,

Lucr. 1, 142; 1, 175:

saepe levi somnum suadebit inire susurro,

Verg. E. 1, 56. —

In partic., in publicists' lang.: suadere legem, rogationem, etc., to recommend, advocate, speak in favor of a proposed law or bill:

legem Voconiam magnā voce et bonis lateribus suasi,

Cic. Sen. 5, 14; so,

legem,

id. Brut. 23, 89; Liv. 45, 21 (opp. dissuadere):

rogationem,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28; id. Off. 3, 30, 109; cf.:

in hac rogatione suadendā,

id. Mil. 18, 47:

suadere de pace, bello, etc.,

Quint. 3, 8, 14.— Absol.:

in suadendo et dissuadendo tria primum spectanda,

Quint. 3, 8, 15.—Hence, P. a. as subst.: suāsum, i, n., a persuasion, persuasive saying (late Lat.):

serpentis suasa loquentis accepi,

Tert. Gen. 103; cf. id. ad Uxor. 2, 1.— suādenter, adv., persuasively:

loqui in litibus,

Arn. 2, p. 71.

sum, fui, esse (2d pers. es, but usu. es in Plaut and Ter; old forms, indic. pres. esum for sum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 9, § 100 Mull.: essis for es, Att. ap. Non. 200, 30, or Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.: simus for sumus, used by Augustus, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87; fut. escit for erit, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25:

esit, XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. nec, p. 162 Mull.: escunt for erunt,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60, 3, 3, 9; Lucr. 1, 619; perf. fuvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 42, 168:

FVVEIT, C. I. L. 1, 1051: fuit,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 23; id. Mil. 3, 1, 159:

fuerim,

id. ib. 4, 8, 54:

fuerit,

id. As. 4, 1, 37; subj. pres. siem, sies, siet, etc., very freq., esp. in Plaut.; e. g. siem, Am. prol. 57; Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:

sies,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 43; Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:

siet,

Plaut. Am. prol. 58; Ter. And. 1, 4, 7; Lucr. 3, 101:

sient,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 54; Ter. And. 2, 3, 16; cf. Cic. Or. 47, 157; also,

fuam, fuas, etc., regarded by G. Curtius, de Aorist. Lat. Rel. in Studien zur Gr. u. Lat. Gram. 1, 431 sqq., as an aorist: fuam,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 48; id. Mil. 2, 6, 112: fuas, Liv. Andron. ap. Non 111, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 83; id. Pers. 1, 1, 52; id. Trin. 2, 1, 32: fuat, Pac. ap. Non. 111, 8; Carm. ap. Liv. 25, 12; Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 2; id. Aul. 2, 2, 56; id. Capt. 2, 2, 10 et saep.; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4; Lucr. 4, 639; Verg. A. 10, 108:

fuant,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 110; id. Ep. 5, 1, 13; id. Ps. 4, 3, 12: fuvisset, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4; part. pres. ens, used by Caesar, acc. to Prisc. p. 1140 P.; and by Sergius Flavius, acc. to Quint. 8, 3, 33; fut. inf. fore for futurum esse, very freq., and so always with partt.; cf. Madv. Gram. § 108; whence, subj. imperf. forem fores, etc., for essem; esp. in conditional sentences and in the histt., but very rare in Cic.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 597 sqq.), v. n. [root es; Sanscr. as-mi, and the Greek es-mi, whence eimi; perf. fui; root in Sanscr. bhu, to become; bhavas, condition; Gr. phuô, to beget; cf.: fetus, futuo, etc.], to be, as a verb substantive or a copula.

As a verb substantive, to be.

In gen.

Asserting existence, to be, exist, live:

definitionum duo sunt genera prima: unum earum rerum quae sunt: alterum earum quae intelleguntur. Esse ea dico, quae cerni tangive possunt, ut fundum, aedes, parietem, cetera. Non esse rursus ea dico, quae tangi demonstrarive non possunt, cerni tamen animo atque intellegi possunt, ut si usucapionem, si tutelam, etc.... definias,

Cic. Top. 5, 26 sq.:

si abest, nullus est,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 16:

nunc illut est, quom me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,

id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:

ita paene nulla sibi fuit Phronesium ( = paene mortuus est),

id. Truc. 1, 2, 95:

omne quod eloquimur sic, ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

non statim, quod esse manifestum est, etiam quid sit apparet,

Quint. 3, 6, 81: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.):

flumen est Arar, quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt, qui futuri sunt!

Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1; cf. id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43:

si quos inter societas aut est aut fuit aut futura est,

id. Lael. 22, 83:

nec enim, dum ero, angar ulla re, cum omni vacem culpa: et, si non ero, sensu omnino carebo,

id. Fam. 6, 3, 4:

si modo futuri sumus, erit mihi res opportuna,

id. Att. 11, 4, 1:

si quando erit civitas, erit profecto nobis locus: sin autem non erit, etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

nolite arbitrari, me cum a vobis discessero, nusquam aut nullum fore,

id. Sen. 22, 79:

si erit ulla res publica... sin autem nulla erit,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 5:

fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium,

Verg. A. 2, 325:

sive erimus seu nos fata fuisse volunt,

Tib. 3, 5, 32: per quinquennia decem fuimus, Prud. Cath. praef. 2.—

Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place:

illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

neque enim est periculum, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 23, 37:

amabo, quid tibi est?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 24:

quid se futurum esset,

Liv. 33, 27. —

Of location, to be present, to be at a place.

With adv., or other expressions of place:

cum non liceret quemquam Romae esse, qui, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 100:

cum Athenis decem ipsos dies fuissem,

id. Fam. 2, 8, 3; id. de Or. 2, 7, 27:

cum Africanus constituisset in hortis esse,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cum essemus in castris,

id. ib. 1, 15:

nonne mavis sine periculo tuae domi esse quam cum periculo alienae?

id. Fam. 4, 7, 4:

vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

id. ib. 14, 7, 2: te hic tutissime puto fore, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—

Of passages in a book or writing, with in and abl., to be, stand, be written, etc.:

deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

quid enim in illis (litteris) fuit praeter querelam temporum,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 1.—

Of personal relations, with ad or apud and acc., or cum and abl. of person:

cum esset (Sulpicius Gallus) casu apud M. Marcellum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

eram cum Stoico Diodoto: qui cum habitavisset apud me mecumque vixisset, etc.,

id. Brut. 90, 309:

erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum et pauci, quibuscum essem aeque libenter,

id. Fam. 5, 21, 1:

qui me admodum diligunt multumque mecum sunt,

id. ib. 4, 13, 6; cf. with simul:

Smyrnae cum simul essemus complures dies,

id. Rep. 1, 8, 13.—Hence, esp.: esse cum aliquo (aliqua), to be with, i. e. live with, associate with, as husband or wife:

cujus soror est cum P. Quintio,

Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

ea nocte mecum illa hospitis jussu fuit,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 101; Ov. A. A. 3, 664:

cum hac (meretrice) si qui adulescens forte fuerit,

Cic. Cael. 20, 49; Ov. Am. 2, 8, 27: tum ad me fuerunt, qui, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 133, 28:

Curio fuit ad me sane diu,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 8:

cum ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit,

id. ib. 10, 16, 1; cf.:

esse sub uno tecto atque ad eosdem Penates,

Liv. 28, 18.—

Of relations analogous to place, of dress, condition, position, office, etc., to be, live, be found, etc., with in and abl.:

cum est in sagis civitas,

Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

in laxa toga,

Tib. 2, 3, 78: sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictus;

Sive erit in Cois, Coa decere puta,

Ov. A. A. 2, 297: hominem non modo in aere alieno nullo, sed in suis nummis multis esse et semper fuisse, Cic. Verr [p. 1798] 2, 4, 6, §

11: in servitute,

id. Clu. 7, 21:

in illa opinione populari,

id. ib. 51, 142:

in magno nomine et gloria,

id. Div. 1, 17, 31:

in spe,

id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:

in tanta moestitia,

id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:

in odio,

id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

in probris, in laudibus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 61:

in officio,

id. ib. 1, 15, 49:

in injustitia,

id. ib. 1, 14, 42:

in vitio,

id. ib. 1, 19, 62; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19:

ne in mora quom opus sit, sies,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 13:

ne in mora illi sis,

id. ib. 3, 1, 9:

hic in noxia'st,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 36:

quae (civitas) una in amore atque in deliciis fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

in ingenti periculo,

Liv. 5, 47:

in pace,

id. 31, 29.—So with abl. without in, when qualified by an adj.:

(statua) est et fuit tota Graecia summo propter ingenium honore et nomine,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87:

si quis asperitate ea est et inmanitate naturae,

id. Lael. 23, 87:

ne quo periculo proprio existimares esse,

id. Fam. 4, 15, 2 (B. and K. ex conj.:

in periculo): ego sum spe bona,

id. ib. 12, 28, 3:

res nunc difficili loco mihi videtur esse,

id. ib. 12, 28, 3:

incredibili sum sollicitudine de tua valetudine,

id. ib. 16, 15, 1; esp. in phrase periculo alicujus esse, to be at the risk of any one:

rem illam suo periculo esse,

id. Att. 6, 1, 6:

ut quae in naves inposuissent, ab hostium tempestatisque vi publico periculo essent,

Liv. 23, 49, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

dare nummos meo periculo,

Dig. 46, 1, 24:

communi periculo,

ib. 13, 6, 21, § 1 (cf. II. B. 1. b. infra).—

To depend upon, rest with, with in and abl.:

res erat non in opinione dubia,

Cic. Dom. 5, 11:

sed totum est in eo, si, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 22, 5:

omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum,

Liv. 10, 14, 12:

quoniam totum in eo sit, ne contrectentur pocula,

Col. 12, 4, 3. —

In partic.

Esse (est, sunt, etc.) often stands without a subject expressed, or with an indef. subj., as antecedent of a rel.-clause, whose verb may be in the indic. or subj.; the former only when the subject is conceived as particular or limited, and actually existing; the latter always when it is conceived as indefinite; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 562 sq.; Roby, Gram. § 1686 sq.; Madv. Gram. § 365; but the distinctions usually drawn by grammarians are not always observed by the best writers; and the subjunctive is always admissible, being the prevailing construction after sunt qui in class. prose, and nearly universal in postAug. writers: sunt, qui (quae), there are those ( people or things) who ( that), or simply some.

With indic.

Without subject expressed:

mulier mane: sunt Qui volunt te conventam,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 37:

sunt hic quos credo inter se dicere,

id. Cas. prol. 67:

sunt quae te volumus percontari,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 47:

quid est, quod tu gestas tabellas?

id. ib. 1, 1, 10:

quid est, quod tu me nunc optuere?

id. Most. 1, 1, 69; cf.:

quid hoc est, quod foris concrepuit?

id. ib. 5, 1, 15:

tun' is es, Qui in me aerumnam obsevisti?

id. Ep. 4, 1, 34:

quid est, quod tuo animo aegre est?

id. Cas. 2, 2, 9; id. Cist. 4, 1, 3:

at ego est quod volo loqui,

id. As. 1, 3, 79:

est quod te volo secreto,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30:

sunt quos scio amicos esse, sunt quos suspicor,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 54:

ita subitum'st, quod eum conventum volo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 51:

sunt quae ego ex te scitari volo,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 13:

sed est quod suscenset tibi,

Ter. And. 2, 6, 17:

est quod me transire oportet,

id. Hec. 2, 2, 31:

quid sit quapropter te jussi, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 1, 7:

sunt item quae appellantur alces,

Caes. B. G. 6, 27 init.:

(nationes) ex quibus sunt qui ovis vivere existimantur,

id. ib. 4, 10 fin.:

sunt qui putant posse te non decedere,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25:

sunt autem, qui putant non numquam complexione oportere supersederi,

id. Inv. 1, 40, 72:

quamquam sunt, qui propter utilitatem modo petendas putant amicitias,

id. ib. 2, 55, 167:

sunt autem quae praeterii,

id. Att. 10, 4, 11:

sunt, qui abducunt a malis ad bona, ut Epicurus. Sunt, qui satis putant ostendere, nihil inopinati accidisse... Sunt etiam qui haec omnia genera consolandi colligunt,

id. Tusc. 3, 31, 76 Kuhn. N. cr.:

sunt, qui, quod sentiunt, non audent dicere,

id. Off. 1, 24, 84:

Argiletum sunt qui scripserunt ab Argola, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 157 Mull.:

sunt qui ita dicunt,

Sall. C. 19, 4:

sunt qui spiritum non recipiunt sed resorbent,

Quint. 11, 3, 55:

sunt, quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 3; cf. id. S. 1, 4, 24: sunt quibus unum opus est, etc., id. C. 1, 7, 5:

sunt quibus in satira videor nimis acer,

id. S. 2, 1, 1:

sunt quorum ingenium nova tantum crustula promit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 47.—

With a subject expressed by an indefinite word or clause:

sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:

est genus hominum qui se primos omnium esse volunt,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

multae sunt causae, quam ob rem cupio abducere,

id. ib. 1, 2, 65 Fleck. (Ussing, cupiam):

erat quidam eunuchus, quem mercatus fuerat,

id. ib. 3, 5, 21:

multaeque res sunt in quibus de suis commodis viri boni multa detrahunt,

Cic. Lael. 16, 57:

sunt ejus aliquot orationes, ex quibus lenitas ejus perspici potest,

id. Brut. 48, 177:

fuerunt alia genera philosophorum, qui se omnes Socraticos esse dicebant,

id. de Or. 3, 17, 62:

nonnulli sunt, qui aluerunt, etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 301:

sunt quidam, qui molestas amicitias faciunt, cum ipsi se contemni putant,

id. Lael. 20, 72:

sunt vestrum, judices, aliquam multi, qui L. Pisonem cognoverunt,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

multae et pecudes et stirpes sunt, quae sine procuratione hominum salvae esse non possunt,

id. N. D. 2, 52, 130:

sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest aliquid simile virtutis, etc.,

id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:

permulta sunt, quae dici possunt, quare intellegatur, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 33, 94; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 22; id. Off. 1, 14, 43; 1, 20, 69; id. Div. 1, 54, 123:

fuere complures, qui ad Catilinam initio profecti sunt,

Sall. C. 39, 5: haec sunt, quae clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus efficiunt. Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152:

alia fuere, quae illos magnos fecere,

Sall. C. 52, 21.—

With. subj.: sunt, qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem;

sunt qui nullum censeant fieri discessum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

sunt qui in rebus contrariis parum sibi constent,

id. Off. 1, 21, 71:

de impudentia singulari sunt qui mirentur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6:

est eisdem de rebus quod dici potest subtilius,

id. Tusc. 3, 15, 32:

praesto est qui neget rem ullam percipi esse sensibus,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 101:

quicquid est quod deceat, id, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

sunt qui nolint tetigisse nisi illas, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 28:

sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 78:

vestes Gaetulo murice tinctas Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curet habere,

id. ib. 2, 2, 182 et saep.—

With a more or less indefinite expression of the subject:

sunt quidam e nostris, qui haec subtilius velint tradere et negent satis esse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 31:

rarum est quoddam genus eorum, qui se a corpore avocent,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

quotus igitur est quisque qui somniis pareat?

id. ib. 2, 60, 125; id. de Or. 2, 50, 196:

solus est hic, qui numquam rationes ad aerarium referat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:

quae quibusdam admirabilia videntur, permulti sunt, qui pro nihilo putent,

id. Lael. 23, 86:

erat nemo in quem ea suspicio conveniret,

id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65, cf.:

quis enim miles fuit, qui Brundisii illam non viderit? quis, qui nescierit, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 25, 61:

sit aliquis, qui nihil mali habeat,

id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:

sunt nonnullae disciplinae, quae officium omne pervertant,

id. Off. 1, 2, 5:

est quaedam animi sanitas quae in insipientem quoque cadat,

id. Tusc. 4, 13, 30:

Syracusis lex est de religione, quae jubeat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:

unus est qui curet constantia magis quam consilio,

id. Att. 1, 18, 7:

si est una ex omnibus quae sese moveat,

id. Rep. 6, 26, 28:

multi sunt, qui non acerbum judicent vivere, sed supervacuum,

Sen. Ep. 24, 26:

erant sententiae quae castra Vari oppugnanda censerent,

Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

fuere cives qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis perditum irent,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 34:

sunt delicta tamen, quibus ignovisse velimus,

id. A. P. 347.—

Poet.: est, quibus (acc. to the Gr. estin hois):

est quibus Eleae concurrit palma quadrigae: est quibus in celeres gloria nata pedes,

Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 17.—

With dat., to belong or pertain to; or, rendering the dative as the subject of the verb, to have ( possess, = the Fr. etre a used of property, and of permanent conditions or characteristics, not of temporary states, feelings, etc.; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 417 sq.): aliquid reperiret, fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti, amicae quod daret, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 23:

nomen Mercurio'st mihi, Plaut Am. prol. 19: nisi jam tum esset honos elo quentiae,

Cic. Brut. 10, 40:

est igitur homini cum deo similitudo,

id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

familiaritas, quae mihi cum eo est,

id. Att. 8. 3, 2:

privatus illis census erat brevis,

Hor. C. 2, 15, 13; cf.:

Trojae et huic loco nomen est,

Liv. 1, 1, 5:

Hecyra est huic nomen fabulae,

Ter. Hec. prol. 1:

cui saltationi Titius nomen esset,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

cui (fonti) nomen Arethusa est,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:

Scipio, cui post Africano fuit cognomen,

Liv. 25, 2, 6.—With ellips. of dat. ( poet.):

nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei),

nor is she ashamed, Ov. A. A. 3, 167:

neque testimonii dictio est (sc. servo),

has no right to be a witness, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 63.—

Esse alicui cum aliquo, to have to do with, to be connected with a person:

tecum nihil rei nobis, Demipho, est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 74:

sibi cum illa mima posthac nihil futurum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

jussit bona proscribi ejus, quicum familiaritas fuerat, societas erat,

id. Quint. 6, 25:

si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus,

id. Fam. 15, 10, 2.—

Esse with certain prepp. and their cases (cf. also I. A. 2. 3. 4. supra).

Esse ab aliquo, to be of a person, to be the servant, disciple, adherent, partisan, etc., of:

es ne tu an non es ab illo milite e Macedonia?

do you belong to? Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 21:

ab Andria est ancilla haec,

Ter. And. 3, 1, 3; 4, 4, 17:

erat enim ab isto Aristotele,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160:

sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me,

makes for me, id. de Or 1, 13, 55 (cf. ab, I. B. 3., II. B. 2. o.). —

Esse pro aliquo, to be in favor of, make for:

(judicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,

Cic. Clu. 32, 88.—

Esse ex aliqua re, to consist of, be made up of:

(creticus) qui est ex longa et brevi et longa,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; cf.:

duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus,

id. Or. 63, 212:

etsi temeritas ex tribus brevibus et longa est,

id. ib. 63, 214; 64, 215 (v. also 6. infra). —

Euphem., in perf. tempp., of one who has died or a thing that has perished, to be no more, to be gone, departed, dead ( poet.):

horresco misera, mentio quoties fit partionis: Ita paene tibi fuit Phronesium,

i. e. had almost died, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 92:

nunc illud est, cum me fuisse quam esse nimio mavelim,

id. Capt. 3, 3, 1:

sive erimus, seu nos fata fuisse velint,

Tib. 3, 5, 32:

fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens Gloria Teucrorum,

Verg. A. 2, 325:

certus in hospitibus non est amor: errat ut ipsi, Cumque nihil speres firmius esse, fuit,

Ov. H. 16, (17), 192.—

Pregn., to be real or a fact, to be the case; so esp.: est, esto, it is even so, be it so, such is or let such be the case, granted, well, etc.:

quid tibi vis dicam, nisi quod est?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 17:

sunt ista, Laeli,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6:

ista esse credere,

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: est vero, inquit, Africane, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 1, 18:

est ut dicis, inquam,

id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:

sit quidem ut sex milia seminum intereant,

Col. 3, 3, 13:

esto: ipse nihil est, nihil potest,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; cf.:

verum esto,

id. Fin. 2, 23, 75:

esto,

Verg. A. 7, 313; 10, 67; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 81; 1, 17, 37 al.—Hence,

The connections est ut, ubi, cum, quod, or with a subject-clause, it happens or chances that, it is the case that, there is cause or reason why, there is a time when, it is allowed or permissible that, one may, etc.

Est ut, it is the case or fact, that, etc.:

sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, dos hic maneat,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 32:

si est, ut dicat velle se, Redde,

id. Hec. 4, 1, 43:

si est, culpam ut Antipho in se admiserit,

id. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:

est, ut id maxime deceat,

Cic. Or. 59, 199:

quando fuit, ut, quod licet, non liceret?

id. Cael. 20, 48:

non est igitur, ut mirandum sit, ea praesentiri, etc.,

id. Div 1, 56, 128:

non erat, ut fieri posset, mirarier umquam,

Lucr. 5, 979:

futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

non est, ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 2:

est ut viro vir latius ordinet Arbusta sulcis,

id. C. 3, 1, 9; Dig. 38, 7, 2.—Cf. esse after a neg., with quin:

numquam est enim, quin aliquid memoriae tradere velimus,

Auct. Her. 3, 24, 40.—Also, est ut, there is reason, that, etc.:

magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 6, 14 fin.: ille erat ut odisset primum defensorem salutis meae, he had good reason for hating [p. 1799] id. Mil. 13, 35; cf.:

quid erat cur Milo optaret,

id. ib. 13, 34:

neque est ut putemus ignorari ea ab animalibus,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3. —

Est ubi, sometime or another, sometimes:

erit, ubi te ulciscar, si vivo,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 26:

est, ubi id isto modo valeat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23.—

Est cum, sometimes:

est cum non est satius, si, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 26, 36.—

Est quod, there is reason to, I have occasion:

est quod visam domum,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 26:

etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi quam quod te rogem,

I have more reason to, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc.,

Liv. 30, 31, 9:

quod timeas non est,

Ov. H. 19, 159:

nil est illic quod moremur diutius,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 6:

non est quod multa loquamur,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 30.—Cf. with cur:

non est cur eorum spes infragatur,

Cic. Or. 2, 6:

nihil est cur,

id. Fam. 6, 20, 1.—

Est, sit, etc., with infin. in Gr. constr., it is possible, is allowed, permitted, one may, etc. (mostly poet. and post-class.):

est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 32:

Cato, R. R. prooem. § 1: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:

nec non et Tityon terrae omniparentis alumnum Cernere erat,

Verg. A. 6, 596; 8, 676; Sil. 2, 413:

neque est te fallere quicquam,

Verg. G. 4, 447:

unde Plus haurire est,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 79:

est Gaudia prodentem vultum celare,

id. ib. 2, 5, 103:

quod versu dicere non est,

id. ib. 1, 5, 87:

quod tangere non est,

Ov. M. 3, 478:

quae verbo objecta, verbo negare sit,

Liv. 42, 41, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

ut conjectare erat intentione vultus,

Tac. A. 16, 34:

est videre argentea vasa,

id. G. 5; Val. Max. 2, 6, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 227.— With dat.:

ne tibi sit frigida saxa adire,

Prop. 1, 20, 13; Tib. 1, 6, 24 (32):

tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum!) Alpinas nives Me sine vides,

Verg. E. 10, 46:

fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando amicitiae tuae,

Sall. J. 110, 3; Dig. 46, 3, 72, § 4.—

In eo ease ut, etc., to be in a condition to reach the point that, to be possible, etc., to be about to, on the point of, etc. ( impers. or with res, etc., as subj.):

cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,

Liv. 2, 17, 5:

si viderent in eo jam esse ut urbs caperetur,

id. 28, 22, 8:

jamque in eo rem fore, ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint,

id. 8, 27, 3:

cum res non in eo essent ut, etc.,

id. 33, 41, 9:

non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut, etc.,

id. 30, 19, 3; 34, 41. —With person. subj. (late Lat.):

cum ab Ulixe adducta Iphigenia in eo esset, ut immolaretur,

Hyg. Fab. 261. —

Like the Engl. to be, for to come, fall, reach, to have arrived, etc. (hence also with in and acc.):

ecquid in mentem est tibi, Patrem tibi esse?

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 54:

nam numero mi in mentem fuit,

id. Am. 1, 1, 26:

ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

Cic. Quint. 5, 22:

portus in praedonum fuisse potestatem sciatis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

ut certior fieret, quo die in Tusculanum essem futurus,

id. Att. 15, 4, 2:

qui neque in provinciam cum imperio fuerunt,

id. Fam. 8, 8, 8:

quae ne in potestatem quidem populi Romani esset,

Liv. 2, 14, 4:

nec prius militibus in conspectum fuisse,

Suet. Aug. 16:

esse in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 20, 66; cf.:

in eorum potestatem portum futurum,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 98; v. Gell. 1, 7, 16 sq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 316.—

Of time, to pass, elapse (rare but class.):

diem scito nullum esse, quo, etc.,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1.

As a copula, to be any thing or in any manner.

In gen.

With an adj., subst., or pron.:

et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi,

Cic. Lael. 5, 17:

quod in homine multo est evidentius,

id. ib. 8, 27:

sperare videor Scipionis et Laelii amicitiam notam posteritati fore,

id. ib. 4, 15:

non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam,

id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12:

cum, ignorante rege, uter esset Orestes, Pylades Orestem se esse diceret, Orestes autem ita ut erat, Orestem se esse perseveraret,

id. Lael. 7, 24:

consul autem esse qui potui? etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,

are a mere number, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:

pars non minima triumphi est victimae praecedentes,

Liv. 45, 49:

nobile erit Romae pascua vestra forum,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 20:

sanguis erant lacrimae,

Luc. 9, 811:

ego tu sum, tu es ego: unanimi sumus,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 49:

tuos sum,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 60: domus non ea est, quam parietes nostri cingunt, Cic. Rep. 1, 13, 19:

is enim fueram, cui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7.—

Less freq. with adv. (esp. in colloq. language): Am. Satin' tu sanus es? Sos. Sic sum ut vides, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 57:

sic, inquit, est,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

est, inquit, ut dicis,

id. ib. 1, 40, 63:

quod ita cum sit,

id. ib. 1, 45, 69:

quia sunt haud procul ab hujus aetatis memoria,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1 B. and K.:

nec vero habere virtutem satis est,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit. Liv. 2, 25:

dato qui bene sit: ego, ubi bene sit, tibi locum lepidum dabo,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

apud matrem recte est,

Cic. Att. 1, 7:

cum in convivio comiter et jucunde fuisses,

id. Deiot. 7, 19:

omnes hanc quaestionem haud remissius sperant futuram,

id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:

dicta impune erant,

Tac. A. 1, 72.—Esp.: facile alicubi (in aliqua re) esse, with pleasure, glad to be:

quod in maritimis facillime sum,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

locum habeo nullum ubi facilius esse possum,

id. Att. 13, 26, 2 (on esse with an adverb, v. Haase ap. Reisig, Vorles. p. 394; cf. also bene under bonus fin.).—

In partic.

With gen. part., to be of, belong to a class, party, etc.:

in republica ita est versatus, ut semper optimarum partium et esset et existimaretur,

Nep. Att. 6, 1:

qui ejusdem civitatis fuit,

id. Them. 9, 1:

qui Romanae partis erant, urbe excesserunt,

Liv. 35, 51, 7: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus;

si defenditis, vestri, si deseritis, Samnitium erimus,

id. 7, 30, 9 sq. —

With gen. or abl. denoting quality.

With gen.:

nimium me timidum, nullius animi, nullius consilii fuisse confiteor,

Cic. Sest. 16, 36:

disputatio non mediocris contentionis est,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 257:

magni judicii, summae etiam facultatis esse debebit,

id. Or. 21, 70:

(virtus) nec tantarum virium est, ut se ipsa tueatur,

id. Tusc. 5, 1, 2; id. Fin. 5, 12, 36:

Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit,

Sall. J. 95, 3:

summi ut sint laboris,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2:

civitas magnae auctoritatis,

id. ib. 5, 54:

refer, Cujus fortunae (sit),

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54:

se nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

qui ejusdem aetatis fuit,

id. ib. 11, 1:

invicti ad laborem corporis erat,

Liv. 9, 16:

nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit,

id. 21, 60:

somni brevissimi erat,

Suet. Claud. 33.—So of extent, number, etc.:

classis centum navium,

Nep. Them. 2, 2; 2, 5:

annus trecentarum sexaginta quinque dierum,

Suet. Caes. 40.—

With abl.:

bono animo es,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4:

jam aetate ea sum, ut, etc.,

id. Hec. 5, 1, 11:

bellum varia victoria fuit,

Sall. J. 5, 1:

L. Catilina nobili genere natus fuit magna vi et animi et corporis, set ingenio malo,

id. C. 5, 1:

Sulla animo ingenti,

id. J. 95, 3:

esse magna gratia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

tenuissima valetudine esse,

id. ib. 5, 40:

si fuerit is injustus, timidus, hebeti ingenio atque nullo,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

mira sum alacritate ad litigandum,

id. Att. 2, 7, 2:

bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

ut bono essent animo,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:

ut uxores eodem jure sint quo viri,

id. ib. 1, 43, 67:

qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis,

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

abi, quaere, unde domo quis, Cujus fortunae, quo sit patre quove patrono,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 54 (cf. I. A. 4. supra). —

With gen. or abl. of price or value.

With gen.:

pluris est oculatus testis quam auriti decem,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 8:

videtur esse quantivis pretii,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 15:

a me argentum, quanti (servus) est, sumito,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 20:

si ullo in loco frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit,

id. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

ut quisque, quod plurimi sit, possideat, ita, etc.,

id. Par. 6, 2, 48:

magni erunt mihi tuae litterae,

id. Fam. 15, 15, 4:

parvi sunt foris arma, nisi, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

an emat denario quod sit mille denarium,

id. ib. 3, 23, 92:

parvi pretii est quod nihili est,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4:

mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,

is worth more to me, weighs more with me, id. Att. 12, 28, 2:

neque pluris pretii cocum quam vilicum habeo,

Sall. J. 85, 39:

erat (agellus) centum milium nummum,

Plin. Ep. 6, 3, 1. —

With abl.: sextante sal et Romae et per totam I i aliam erat, was worth, stood at, Liv. 29, 37.—

With gen. of possession, etc., it belongs, pertains to; or it is the part, property, nature, mark, sign, custom, or duty of, etc.

In gen.:

audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc.,

who possess, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent,

Liv. 37, 55, 5:

teneamus eum cursum, qui semper fuit optimi cujusque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

quamobrem neque sapientis esse accipere habenas,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9; id. de Or. 2, 20, 86:

sapientis est consilium explicare suum, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 81, 333:

temeritas est florentis aetatis, prudentia senescentis,

id. Sen. 6, 20:

est adulescentis majores natu vereri,

id. Off. 1, 34, 122:

Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant,

Liv. 8, 12, 13:

tota tribuniciae potestatis erat,

id. 3, 48:

alterius morientis prope totus exercitus fuit,

id. 22, 50:

jam me Pompeii totum esse scis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 2:

hominum, non causarum, toti erant,

Liv. 3, 36:

plebs novarum, ut solet, rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse,

were devoted to, favored, id. 23, 14:

Dolopes numquam Aetolorum fuerant: Philippi erant,

id. 38, 3:

Ptolemaeus propter aetatem alieni arbitrii erat,

id. 42, 29:

est miserorum ut malevolentes sint,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 51:

quod alterum divinitatis mihi cujusdam videtur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86:

negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

non est gravitatis ac sapientiae tuae, ferre immoderatius casum incommodorum tuorum,

id. Fam. 5, 16, 5:

est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 4, 5.—Rarely with pronom. posses.:

est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur,

Cic. Mur. 38, 83:

fuit meum quidem jam pridem rem publicam lugere,

id. Att. 12, 28, 2.—

Esp., with gerundive, to denote tendency, effect, etc.:

quae res evertendae rei publicae solerent esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:

regium inperium, quod initio conservandae libertatis fuerat,

Sall. C. 6, 7:

qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent,

Liv. 3, 31, 7:

ea prodendi imperii Romani, tradendae Hannibali victoriae esse,

id. 27, 9, 12:

nihil tam aequandae libertatis esse quam potentissimum quemque posse dicere causam,

id. 38, 51, 8:

frustrationem eam legis tollendae esse,

id. 3, 24, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 39, 8; 5, 3, 5; 40, 29, 11.—

With dat. of the end, object, purpose, etc.:

vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48:

etiam quae esui potuique non sunt, contineri legato,

Dig. 33, 9, 3; Gell. 4, 1, 20:

ut divites conferrent, qui essent oneri ferendo,

Liv. 2, 9:

magis vis morbi curae esset, maxime quod, etc.,

id. 4, 21, 5:

cum solvendo aere (i. e. aeri) alieno res publica non esset,

id. 31, 13:

iniciuntur ea, quae umori extrahendo sunt,

Cels. 4, 10 fin. — Esp. in phrase solvendo esse, to be solvent, able to pay:

tu nec solvendo eras,

Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

cum solvendo civitates non essent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2 (v. solvo).—

With predicative dat. sing., denoting that which the subject is, becomes, appears to be, etc.

Without second dat. of pers.:

auxilio is fuit,

Plaut. Am. prol. 94:

magis curae'st,

id. Bacch. 4, 10, 3; id. Curc. 4, 2, 15; id. As. 1, 3, 23; id. Capt. 5, 2, 13 sq.:

cui bono fuerit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:

eo natus sum ut Jugurthae scelerum ostentui essem,

Sall. J. 24, 10: cupis me esse nequam;

tamen ero frugi bonae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51:

magnoque esse argumento, homines scire pleraque antequam nati sint, quod, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 21, 78:

multi Indicioque sui facti persaepe fuere, Lucr 4, 1019: ejus rei ipsa verba formulae testimonio sunt,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

haec res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuit,

Liv. 4, 13:

cujus rei Demosthenes atque Aeschines possunt esse documento,

Quint. 7, 1, 2.—

With second dat. of pers.:

obsecro vos ego mi auxilio sitis,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 5; id. Ep. 5, 2, 11; id. Most. 1, 2, 68:

ne quid Captioni mihi sit,

id. ib. 3, 3, 19:

mihi cordi est,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 110:

ubi eris damno molestiae et dedecori saepe fueris,

id. As. 3, 2, 25:

metuo illaec mihi res ne malo magno fuat,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 12:

nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse potest,

id. Most. 2, 1, 4:

bono usui estis nulli,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 15:

quae sint nobis morbo mortique,

Lucr. 6, 1095:

quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 46:

omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: ut mihi magnae curae tuam vitam ac dignitatem esse scires, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, A fin.:

accusant ei, quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13: haec tam parva [p. 1800] civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:

ea dictitare, quae detrimento, maculae, invidiae, infamiae nobis omnibus esse possint,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §

144: minus ea bella curae patribus erant, quam, etc.,

Liv. 35, 23, 1:

sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc.,

id. 4, 7, 6:

si hoc perinde curae est tibi quam illud mihi,

Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 9:

quantaeque curae tibi fuit, ne quis, etc.,

id. Pan. 25, 3:

quantae sit mihi curae,

id. Ep. 6, 8, 2:

si judicibus ipsis aut gloriae damnatio rei aut deformitati futura absolutio,

Quint. 6, 1, 12.—Rarely with dat. gerund:

nec tamen impedimento id rebus gerundis fuit,

Liv. 26, 24 (for a full account of this dative, v. Roby, Gram. 2, praef. pp. xxv.-lvi., and § 1158 sq.).—

Esse ad aliquid, to be of use for, to serve for:

vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

Cato, R. R. 125:

completae naves taeda et pice reliquisque rebus quae sunt ad incendia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124.—

Id est or hoc est, with predic.-clause by way of explanatory addition, that is, that is to say; sometimes also with a climax in the sense, which is as much as to say, or which is the same thing:

sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur,

Cic. Brut. 46, 172:

quodsi in scena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

id. Lael. 26, 97:

meos amicos, in quibus est studium, in Graeciam mitto, id est ad Graecos ire jubeo,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

si Epicurum, id est si Democritum probarem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 6:

ut (sapiens) aegritudine opprimatur, id est miseria,

id. Tusc. 3, 13, 27: a parte negotiali, hoc est pragmatikêi, Quint. 3, 7, 1:

cum in bona tua invasero, hoc est, cum te docuero,

id. 8, 3, 89.—

Poet., with Greek inf. pleonastically:

esse dederat monumentum,

Verg. A. 5, 572 (cf.: dôke xeinêion einai, Hom. Il. 10, 269).

sum = eum, Enn. ap. Fest., v. is.

sum- in composition, for sub before m; v. sub fin.

aeger, gra, grum, adj. [Curtius proposes to connect it with ep-eigô, to press, drive; aigis, storm-wind; aiges, waves; and Sanscr. egāmi, to tremble; trembling, shaking, being a common symptom of illness], designates indisposition, as well of mind as of body (while aegrotus is generally used only of physical disease; class.; in Cic. far more frequent than aegrotus; Celsus uses only aeger, never aegrotus).

Lit., of the body, ill, sick, unwell, diseased, suffering.

Of men:

homines aegri morbo gravi,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13:

graviter aegrum fuisse,

id. Div. 1, 25; id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

infirma atque aegra valetudo,

id. Brut. 48 fin.:

aegro corpore esse,

id. ad Quir. 1 fin.:

ex vulnere,

id. Rep. 2, 21:

vulneribus,

Nep. Milt. 7:

pedibus,

Sall. C. 59, 4; so Liv. 42, 28; Tac. H. 3, 38;

Wernsd. Poët. L. Min. 6, 197, 8: stomachus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 43:

anhelitus,

shortness of breath, Verg. A. 5, 432.—At a later period constr. with gen. or acc.:

Psyche aegra corporis, animi saucia,

App. M. 4, 86, p. 310 Oud. (cf. id. ib. 5, 102, p. 360 Oud.: Psyche corporis et animi alioquin infirma; and Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:

inops, aegra sanitatis, where, however, Bothe suspects aegra to be a gloss.): memini, me quondam pedes tunc graviter aegrum,

Gell. 19, 10.—Subst., a sick person, Cic. Div. 2, 3:

ne aegri quidem omnes convalescunt,

id. N. D. 2, 4: aegro adhibere medicinam, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

vicinum funus aegros exanimat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 126:

ungebant oleo multos aegros,

Vulg. Marc. 6, 16; ib. Act. 5, 16. —Hence, ab aegris servus, an attendant on the sick, a nurse (cf. ab):

D. M. SEXTORIO AVG. LIB. AB AEGRIS CVBICVLARIORVM,

Inscr. Orell. 2886.—

Of brutes:

sues aegri,

Verg. G. 3, 496; so Col. 6, 5, 1:

avidos inlidit in aegrum Cornipedem cursus,

i. e. wounded, Stat. Th. 11, 517.—

Of plants, diseased:

seges aegra,

Verg. A. 3, 142:

aegra arbor,

Pall. Febr. 25, 23:

vitis,

id. Mart. 7, 4.—

Fig.

Of the mind, troubled, anxious, dejected, sad, sorrowful, etc., of any agitation of the passions or feelings, of love, hope, fear, anxiety, sorrow:

aeger animus,

Sall. J. 74:

aegris animis legati superveniunt,

Liv. 2, 3, 5; cf.

Drak. ad h. l.: scribendi cacoëthes aegro in corde senescit,

Juv. 7, 52: aegri mortales, i. e. miseri (deiloi brotoi, oizuroi, poluponoi), Verg. A. 2, 268; constr. with abl., gen., and ab.

With abl.: Medea animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Cic. Cael. 8 (the later edd. animo aegro, as B. and K.):

animus aeger avaritiā,

Sall. J. 31:

amore,

Liv. 30, 11:

curis,

Verg. A. 1, 208 al. —

With gen. of respect (cf. Drak. ad Liv. 30, 15, 9; Rudd. II. p. 73; and Roby, II. § 1321): aeger consilii, infirm in purpose, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arusian, p. 212 Lind., and Stat. Th. 9, 141:

animi,

Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; Curt. 4, 3, 11.— Of cause:

rerum temere motarum,

Flor. 3, 17, 9:

morae,

Luc. 7, 240:

delicti,

Sil. 13, 52:

pericli,

id. 15, 135:

timoris,

id. 3, 72.—

With ab:

A morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26.—

Trop., of a diseased condition of the state, suffering, weak, feeble:

maxime aegra et prope deposita rei publicae pars,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2:

qui et semper aegri aliquid esse in re publica volunt,

Liv. 5, 3; Flor. 3, 23 al.— Of the eyes, evil, envious:

recentem aliorum felicitatem aegris oculis introspicere,

Tac. H. 2, 20 (Halm here reads acribus). —Of abstr. things, sad, sorrowful, grievous, unfortunate (class., but for the most part poet.):

numquam quidquam meo animo fuit aegrius,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 29 (where aegrius may be the adv.;

v. aegre below): dolores aegri,

Lucr. 3, 905:

luctus,

id. 3, 933:

amor,

Verg. G. 4, 464:

mors,

id. ib. 3, 512:

spes,

i. e. faint, slight hope, Sil. 9, 543:

fides,

wavering, id. 2, 392 al. —As subst.: aegrum, i, n.:

plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,

more pain, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 11:

sed cui nihil accidit aegri,

Lucr. 5, 171.— Adv.: aegrē.— Lit.

Object.

Uncomfortably:

nescio quid meo animost aegre,

disturbs my mind, vexes, annoys me, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 35; so, aegre esse alicui, often in Plaut. and Ter. (like bene or male esse alicui); Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; id. Capt. 3, 5, 43; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 63 al.; cf.

opp. volupe, volup: si illis aegrest, mihi quod volup est,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 152.— Absol.:

aegre est,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 57.—Also:

aegre facere alicui,

to vex, hurt, Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31; and:

aegre audire aliquid ex aliquo,

any thing annoying, disagreeable, id. Hec. 5, 1, 39.—

With difficulty or effort (opp. facile):

omnis conglutinatio recens aegre, inveterata facile divellitur,

Cic. de Sen. 20, 72; cf.:

inveteratio, ut in corporibus, aegrius depellitur quam perturbatio,

id. Tusc. 4, 37, 81; and:

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrime desinere,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

nec magis versutus nec quo ab caveas aegrius,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 106:

aegre rastris terram rimantur,

Verg. G. 3, 534 al.:

non aegre persequi iter,

Col. 9, 8, 9; so,

haud aegre,

Curt. 4, 3, 10; 10, 8, 22. —More freq.,

= vix, Gr. mogis, hardly, scarcely:

aegre nimis risum continui,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 36:

aegre me tenui,

Cic. Att. 16, 11:

aegre fero, v. fero: aegre abstinere quin, etc.,

Liv. 2, 45:

aegre stantes,

Tac. Agr. 36 al. —Hence often vix aegreque in connection, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27; Flor. 2, 10; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 7; id. S. 1, 7; App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Subject., with grief, regret, displeasure, or dislike, unwillingly, reluctantly: discessit, aegre ferens, distempered, vexed (opp. laetus), Cic. Div. 1, 33 fin.:

aegre pati,

Liv. 1, 9 et saep.:

aegre tolerare,

Tac. Agr. 13:

si alibi plus perdiderim, minus aegre habeam, i. e. feram,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 16:

aegre carere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13. — Comp.:

quod aegrius patimur,

Liv. 7, 13: aegrius accipere, Tac. Ann. 4, 71.— Sup.:

aegerrime ferre,

Sall. J. 87: aegerrime pati Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 105.

aeger, gra, grum, adj. [Curtius proposes to connect it with ep-eigô, to press, drive; aigis, storm-wind; aiges, waves; and Sanscr. egāmi, to tremble; trembling, shaking, being a common symptom of illness], designates indisposition, as well of mind as of body (while aegrotus is generally used only of physical disease; class.; in Cic. far more frequent than aegrotus; Celsus uses only aeger, never aegrotus).

Lit., of the body, ill, sick, unwell, diseased, suffering.

Of men:

homines aegri morbo gravi,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13:

graviter aegrum fuisse,

id. Div. 1, 25; id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

infirma atque aegra valetudo,

id. Brut. 48 fin.:

aegro corpore esse,

id. ad Quir. 1 fin.:

ex vulnere,

id. Rep. 2, 21:

vulneribus,

Nep. Milt. 7:

pedibus,

Sall. C. 59, 4; so Liv. 42, 28; Tac. H. 3, 38;

Wernsd. Poët. L. Min. 6, 197, 8: stomachus,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 43:

anhelitus,

shortness of breath, Verg. A. 5, 432.—At a later period constr. with gen. or acc.:

Psyche aegra corporis, animi saucia,

App. M. 4, 86, p. 310 Oud. (cf. id. ib. 5, 102, p. 360 Oud.: Psyche corporis et animi alioquin infirma; and Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:

inops, aegra sanitatis, where, however, Bothe suspects aegra to be a gloss.): memini, me quondam pedes tunc graviter aegrum,

Gell. 19, 10.—Subst., a sick person, Cic. Div. 2, 3:

ne aegri quidem omnes convalescunt,

id. N. D. 2, 4: aegro adhibere medicinam, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

vicinum funus aegros exanimat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 126:

ungebant oleo multos aegros,

Vulg. Marc. 6, 16; ib. Act. 5, 16. —Hence, ab aegris servus, an attendant on the sick, a nurse (cf. ab):

D. M. SEXTORIO AVG. LIB. AB AEGRIS CVBICVLARIORVM,

Inscr. Orell. 2886.—

Of brutes:

sues aegri,

Verg. G. 3, 496; so Col. 6, 5, 1:

avidos inlidit in aegrum Cornipedem cursus,

i. e. wounded, Stat. Th. 11, 517.—

Of plants, diseased:

seges aegra,

Verg. A. 3, 142:

aegra arbor,

Pall. Febr. 25, 23:

vitis,

id. Mart. 7, 4.—

Fig.

Of the mind, troubled, anxious, dejected, sad, sorrowful, etc., of any agitation of the passions or feelings, of love, hope, fear, anxiety, sorrow:

aeger animus,

Sall. J. 74:

aegris animis legati superveniunt,

Liv. 2, 3, 5; cf.

Drak. ad h. l.: scribendi cacoëthes aegro in corde senescit,

Juv. 7, 52: aegri mortales, i. e. miseri (deiloi brotoi, oizuroi, poluponoi), Verg. A. 2, 268; constr. with abl., gen., and ab.

With abl.: Medea animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Cic. Cael. 8 (the later edd. animo aegro, as B. and K.):

animus aeger avaritiā,

Sall. J. 31:

amore,

Liv. 30, 11:

curis,

Verg. A. 1, 208 al. —

With gen. of respect (cf. Drak. ad Liv. 30, 15, 9; Rudd. II. p. 73; and Roby, II. § 1321): aeger consilii, infirm in purpose, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arusian, p. 212 Lind., and Stat. Th. 9, 141:

animi,

Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; Curt. 4, 3, 11.— Of cause:

rerum temere motarum,

Flor. 3, 17, 9:

morae,

Luc. 7, 240:

delicti,

Sil. 13, 52:

pericli,

id. 15, 135:

timoris,

id. 3, 72.—

With ab:

A morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26.—

Trop., of a diseased condition of the state, suffering, weak, feeble:

maxime aegra et prope deposita rei publicae pars,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2:

qui et semper aegri aliquid esse in re publica volunt,

Liv. 5, 3; Flor. 3, 23 al.— Of the eyes, evil, envious:

recentem aliorum felicitatem aegris oculis introspicere,

Tac. H. 2, 20 (Halm here reads acribus). —Of abstr. things, sad, sorrowful, grievous, unfortunate (class., but for the most part poet.):

numquam quidquam meo animo fuit aegrius,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 29 (where aegrius may be the adv.;

v. aegre below): dolores aegri,

Lucr. 3, 905:

luctus,

id. 3, 933:

amor,

Verg. G. 4, 464:

mors,

id. ib. 3, 512:

spes,

i. e. faint, slight hope, Sil. 9, 543:

fides,

wavering, id. 2, 392 al. —As subst.: aegrum, i, n.:

plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,

more pain, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 11:

sed cui nihil accidit aegri,

Lucr. 5, 171.— Adv.: aegrē.— Lit.

Object.

Uncomfortably:

nescio quid meo animost aegre,

disturbs my mind, vexes, annoys me, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 35; so, aegre esse alicui, often in Plaut. and Ter. (like bene or male esse alicui); Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; id. Capt. 3, 5, 43; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 63 al.; cf.

opp. volupe, volup: si illis aegrest, mihi quod volup est,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 152.— Absol.:

aegre est,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 57.—Also:

aegre facere alicui,

to vex, hurt, Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31; and:

aegre audire aliquid ex aliquo,

any thing annoying, disagreeable, id. Hec. 5, 1, 39.—

With difficulty or effort (opp. facile):

omnis conglutinatio recens aegre, inveterata facile divellitur,

Cic. de Sen. 20, 72; cf.:

inveteratio, ut in corporibus, aegrius depellitur quam perturbatio,

id. Tusc. 4, 37, 81; and:

omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrime desinere,

Sall. J. 83, 1:

nec magis versutus nec quo ab caveas aegrius,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 106:

aegre rastris terram rimantur,

Verg. G. 3, 534 al.:

non aegre persequi iter,

Col. 9, 8, 9; so,

haud aegre,

Curt. 4, 3, 10; 10, 8, 22. —More freq.,

= vix, Gr. mogis, hardly, scarcely:

aegre nimis risum continui,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 36:

aegre me tenui,

Cic. Att. 16, 11:

aegre fero, v. fero: aegre abstinere quin, etc.,

Liv. 2, 45:

aegre stantes,

Tac. Agr. 36 al. —Hence often vix aegreque in connection, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27; Flor. 2, 10; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 7; id. S. 1, 7; App. M. 1, p. 111.—

Subject., with grief, regret, displeasure, or dislike, unwillingly, reluctantly: discessit, aegre ferens, distempered, vexed (opp. laetus), Cic. Div. 1, 33 fin.:

aegre pati,

Liv. 1, 9 et saep.:

aegre tolerare,

Tac. Agr. 13:

si alibi plus perdiderim, minus aegre habeam, i. e. feram,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 16:

aegre carere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13. — Comp.:

quod aegrius patimur,

Liv. 7, 13: aegrius accipere, Tac. Ann. 4, 71.— Sup.:

aegerrime ferre,

Sall. J. 87: aegerrime pati Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 105.

cŏm-ĕs, ĭtis, comm. [con and 1. eo] (lit. one who goes with another), a companion, an associate, comrade, partaker, sharer, partner, etc. (whether male or female; class. and freq.).

In gen.

Masc.:

age, age, argentum numera, ne comites morer,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 25:

confugere domum sine comite,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 25:

comes meus fuit, et omnium itinerum meorum socius,

Cic. Fam. 13, 71:

erat comes ejus Rubrius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64:

cui tu me comitem putas esse,

id. Att. 8, 7, 1:

ibimus, o socii comitesque,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 26; Lucr. 3, 1037; 4, 575:

Catulli,

Cat. 11, 1:

Pisonis,

id. 28, 1; Nep. Ages. 6, 3:

quin et avo comitem sese Mavortius addet Romulus,

Verg. A. 6, 778; cf.:

comes ire alicui,

id. ib. 6, 159:

comitem aliquem mittere alicui,

id. ib. 2, 86:

comes esse alicui,

Ov. H. 14, 54 et saep. —

With gen. or dat. of thing:

cum se victoriae Pompeji comitem esse mallet quam, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

comitem illius furoris,

Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

me tuarum actionum, sententiarum, etc., socium comitemque habebis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 22:

mortis et funeris atri,

Lucr. 2, 581:

tantae virtutis,

Liv. 22, 60, 12:

exsilii,

Mart. 12, 25:

fugae,

Vell. 2, 53; Liv. 1, 3, 2; Cic. Att. 9, 10, 2; cf. Suet. Tib. 6:

me habuisti comitem consiliis tuis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—With in:

comes in ulciscendis quibusdam,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 2.—

Fem., Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 54; Lucr. 5, 741:

data sum comes inculpata Minervae,

Ov. M. 2, 588; cf. id. H. 3, 10:

me tibi venturam comitem,

id. ib. 13, 163; Verg. A. 4, 677; 6, 448.—

Transf. to inanimate objects:

malis erat angor Assidue comes,

Lucr. 6, 1159:

comes formidinis, aura,

id. 3, 290:

ploratus mortis comites,

id. 2, 580:

tunc vitae socia virtus, mortis comes gloria fuisset,

Cic. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39):

multarum deliciarum comes est extrema saltatio,

id. Mur. 6, 13:

pacis est comes, otiique socia eloquentia,

id. Brut. 12, 45; cf.

an idea (perh. intentionally) opp. to this,

Tac. Or. 40:

non ut ullam artem doctrinamve contemneres, sed ut omnis comites ac ministratrices oratoris esse diceres,

Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 75:

cui ipsi casus eventusque rerum non duces sed comites consiliorum fuerunt,

id. Balb. 4, 9:

exanimatio. quas comes pavoris,

id. Tusc. 4, 8, 19:

(grammatice) dulcis secretorum comes,

Quint. 1, 4, 5:

(cura) comes atra premit sequiturque fugacem,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 115:

culpam poena premit comes,

id. C. 4, 5, 24:

nec (fides) comitem abnegat,

id. ib. 1, 35, 22: comitemque [p. 374] aeris alieni atque litis esse miseriam, Orac. ap. Plin. 7, 32, 32, § 119.—

In partic.

An overseer, tutor, teacher, etc., of young persons (rare;

not ante-Aug.),

Verg. A. 2, 86; 5, 546; Suet. Tib. 12; Stat. S. 5, 2, 60.— Esp. = paedagogus, a slave who accompanied boys as a protector, Suet. Aug. 98; id. Claud. 35.—Far more freq.,

The suite, retinue of friends, relatives, scholars, noble youth, etc., which accompanied magistrates into the provinces, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 27 sq; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11; Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Caes. 42; id. Ner. 5; id. Gram. 10.—

The attendants of distinguished private individuals, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 76; 1, 17, 52; id. S. 1, 6, 102; Suet. Caes. 4.— Trop.: (Cicero) in libris de Republica Platonis se comitem profitetur, Plin. praef. § 22.—

After the time of the emperors, the imperial train, the courtiers, court, Suet. Aug. 16; 98; id. Tib. 46; id. Calig. 45; id. Vit. 11; id. Vesp. 4; Inscr. Orell. 723; 750 al.—Hence,

In late Lat., a designation for the occupant of any state office, as, comes scholarum, rei militaris, aerarii utriusque, commerciorum (hence, Ital. conte; Fr. comte).

con-gĕro, gessi, gestum, 3, v. a., to bear, carry, or bring together, to collect; to prepare, to make, build, heap up, etc. (class. and freq.).

Lit.

With acc.:

undique, quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent,

Nep. Them. 6, 5:

congestis undique saccis,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 70:

cetera aedificanti utilia,

Quint. 7, prooem. §

1: caedi arbores et saxa congeri jubet,

Curt. 8, 2, 24:

alimenta undique,

id. 7, 11, 1:

frondem,

id. 8, 10, 17:

virgulta arida,

Suet. Caes. 84:

robora,

Ov. M. 12, 515:

arma,

id. ib. 14, 777:

tura,

id. ib. 7, 160; cf.:

turea dona,

Verg. A. 6, 224:

epulas alicui,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 70 sq.:

cibaria sibi,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 32:

viaticum,

Cic. Planc. 10, 26:

divitias sibi fulvo auro,

Tib. 1, 1, 1:

opes,

Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 136:

congestoque avidum pinguescere corpore corpus,

Ov. M. 15, 89:

nemus,

i. e. wood, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1216; cf.

silvas,

id. ib. 506:

siccā congestā pulvere barbā,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 31:

terram,

Col. Arb. 3, 6; cf. Dig. 19, 2, 57:

oscula congerimus properata,

to join, add one to another, Ov. H. 17 (18), 113.—

With acc., and a designation of place to, at, or in which, etc., any thing is brought or heaped up:

hasce herbas in suum alvum,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; cf. Ov. M. 6, 651:

in cellulam patris penum omnem congerebam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 18:

laticem in vas,

Lucr. 3, 1009; cf. id. 3, 936:

Midae dormienti formicae in os tritici grana congesserunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 78; cf.:

in os pueri,

id. ib. 2, 31, 66:

excrementa in unum locum,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 25; Suet. Vesp. 5; Sen. Oedip. 870:

scuta illi (sc. virgini) pro aureis donis congesta,

Liv. 1, 11, 8; cf. Suet. Ner. 19:

sestertium millies in culinam,

to expend, Sen. ad Helv. 10:

huc amnes vastos congerit tellus,

Val. Fl. 4, 717:

Pindo congestus Athos,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1153:

uni (digito anulos),

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 25:

humum corbulae,

Suet. Ner. 19.—

In partic.

Of weapons, missiles, etc., to throw in great numbers, accumulate, shower, etc.:

lanceas,

Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 15:

saxa in caput alicujus,

Sen. Oedip. 871:

in ipsum Porum tela,

Curt. 8, 14, 38:

congestis telis,

Tac. A. 2, 11.—Hence, poet.:

ictus alicui,

Val. Fl. 4, 307:

plagas mortuo,

Phaedr. 4, 1, 11.—

To make, build, construct, etc., by bringing or heaping together:

Echinades insulae ab Acheloo amne congestae,

Plin. 2, 85, 87, § 201:

aram sepulcri arboribus,

Verg. A. 6, 178:

oppida manu,

id. G. 1, 256:

pauperis et tuguri congestum caespite culmen,

id. E. 1, 69.—So of birds, insects, etc.:

lucifugis congesta cubilia blattis,

Verg. G. 4, 243:

nidum,

Ser. Samm. 10, 30; and absol. notavi Ipse locum aëriae quo congessere palumbes (sc. nidum), Verg. E. 3, 69; Gell. 2, 29, 5 (cf. the full expression:

in nervom ille hodie nidamenta congeret,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 51): apes in alvearium congesserant, Cic. Oecon. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 82 P.:

rape, congere, aufer,

Mart. 8, 44, 9.—

Trop.

In discourse, to bring, take, or comprise together, to compile (freq. in Quint.):

operarios omnes,

Cic. Brut. 86, 297:

dicta,

Quint. 6, 3, 5; cf. id. 4, 5, 7:

argumenta (opp. dissolvere),

id. 5, 13, 15:

vana (maledicta),

id. 7, 2, 34:

undique nomina plurimorum poëtarum,

id. 10, 1, 56:

orationem dierum ac noctium studio,

id. 12, 6, 5; cf.:

orationem ex diversis,

id. 2, 11, 7:

figuras,

id. 9, 3, 5: zôê kai psuchê lascivum congeris usque, i. e. you repeat, Mart. 10, 68, 5.—With in:

ut te eripias ex eā, quam ego congessi in hunc sermonem, turbā patronorum,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332; so Quint. 4, 3, 3; 9, 1, 25; 9, 3, 39; 10, 5, 23.—

To put something upon one in a hostile or friendly manner, to accumulate, heap upon, to impart, ascribe to, to impute, attribute to; constr. class. with ad or in; post-Aug. also with dat. pers.: ad quem di [p. 419] atque homines omnia ornamenta congessissent, Cic. Deiot. 4, 12:

ne plus aequo quid in amicitiam congeratur,

id. Lael. 16, 58:

ingentia beneficia in aliquem,

Liv. 42, 11, 2; 30, 1, 4:

congerere juveni consulatus, triumphos,

Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.; cf.:

ambitiosae majestati quicquid potuimus titulorum congessimus,

Sen. Clem. 1, 14, 2; Suet. Calig. 15; id. Aug. 98:

mortuo laudes congessit,

id. Tit. 11:

mala alicui,

Sen. Contr. 1, 7, 2: meli mou, psuchê mou congeris usque, Mart. 10, 68, 5:

spes omnis in unum Te mea congesta est,

Ov. M. 8, 113:

in unum omnia,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 117; cf.: iis nihil, quo expleri possit eorum meritum, tributurum populum Romanum, si omnia simul congesserit, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 7.—Esp., of crimes, etc.:

maledicta in aliquem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 15; cf.:

congestis probris,

Suet. Tib. 54:

quae (crimina) postea sunt in eum congesta,

Cic. Mil. 24, 64:

causas alicujus rei in aliquem,

Liv. 3, 38, 7.— Hence, * congestus, a, um, P. a., lit. brought together; hence, in pregn. signif., pressed together, thick:

gobio congestior alvo,

Aus. Mos. 132.—

* Adv.: congestē, briefly, summarily:

haec breviter et congeste,

Capitol. Marc. Aur. 19 fin.

con-gĕro, ōnis, m. [1. congero], a thief, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 6; cf. Fulg. p. 566, 13: congerones qui aliena ad se congregant; so also 2. gero.

dē-fĕro, tŭli, lātum, ferre, v. a., to bear or bring away a thing from a place; to bear, carry, bring down.

Lit.

In gen.

Without stating the terminus (not very freq.):

roseam Auroram per oras Aetheris,

Lucr. 5, 656; 5, 273; 6, 639:

Rhodanus amnis segnem deferens Ararim,

Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 33; 6, 27, 31, § 136; Ov. M. 9, 117;

ex Helicone coronam,

Lucr. 1, 119:

ramalia arida tecto,

Ov. M. 8, 646. — Absol.:

flumina liquida ac deferentia,

Plin. Pan. 82 med. —Far more freq.,

Indicating the terminus (by ad, in, an adv. of place, the dat., etc.):

literas ad Caesarem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 45, 3:

epistolam ad Ciceronem,

id. ib. 5, 48, 3 and 8; cf.:

mandata ad aliquem,

id. B. C. 1, 9; 3, 22:

aurum ad gnatum suum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 115; cf. id. Truc. 2, 5, 64; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 18;

natos ad flumina,

Verg. A. 9, 604:

Germani ad castra Romanorum delati,

Caes. B. G. 6, 42 fin. et saep.:

semen quod ex arbore per surculos defertur in terram,

Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 4:

aurum et omnia ornamenta sua in aerarium,

Liv. 5, 25:

aedes in planum et colli subicere,

id. 2, 7: cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 31:

ferrum in pectus,

Tac. A. 1, 35:

castra in viam,

Liv. 22, 15:

aciem in campos,

id. 9, 37:

in praeceps deferri,

id. 5, 47; cf. id. 44, 5; Quint. 1, 12, 10:

praeceps in undas deferar,

Verg. E. 8, 60; Ov. F. 6, 228:

in vicum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 269 et saep.:

hunc sub aequora,

i. e. submerge, Ov. M. 14, 601:

quasdam (virgines) ex plebe homines domos deferebant,

Liv. 1, 9:

si forte eo (sc. Demetriadem) deferret fuga regem,

id. 36, 20:

quo pennis delata sit ales,

Lucr. 6, 822:

cum pallam mihi Detulisti,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 42; so,

epistolas alicui,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 109 et saep.

In partic.

Naut. t. t., to drive away, drive down, drive a ship, or those on board a ship, to any place:

onerariae duae paullo infra delatae sunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 36 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 30:

una (navis) delata Oricum,

id. ib. 3, 14, 2:

(Labienus) longius delatus aestu, etc.,

id. B. G. 5, 8, 2:

quem cum ex alto ignotas ad terras tempestas et in desertum litus detulisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 3, 8.—

Rarely in gen., to bring, convey to any place (as a ship, its passengers):

e portu navis huc nos dormientes detulit,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 69.—

Mercant. t. t., to bring to market, to sell (post-Aug.):

nexos maniplos,

Col. 10, 315: pallium. Petr. 12, 2:

videamus hoc, quod concupiscimus, quanti deferatur,

Sen. Ep. 42.

Trop.

In gen., to bring:

redde harmoniaī Nomen, ab organicis alto delatum Heliconi,

brought, Lucr. 3, 133; 5, 65:

(Alexander) eadem fortunae pignora in discrimen detulisset,

Liv. 9, 18 fin.; cf.:

fabulas in certamen,

Quint. 10, 1, 66: hac re ad consilium delata, having been taken into consideration, Caes. B. G. 3, 23 fin.; so,

rem ad consilium,

id. ib. 5, 28, 2:

qui ad agendum nihil cogitati detulerit,

Quint. 4, 5, 2:

(poëta) si foret hoc nostrum delatus in aevum, Detereret sibi multa,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 68. —

With particular accessory notions.

To bring, give to one, grant, confer upon, allot, to offer to any one, transfer, deliver (for syn. v. do—very freq.).

Aliquid ad aliquem:

ad hunc totius belli summam omnium voluntate deferri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 7:

imperium ad aliquem,

id. ib. 6, 2; 7, 4, 6; Cic. Leg. 3, 2; id. Lig. 1, 3:

omnem rem ad Pompeium,

id. Fam. 1, 1; cf.:

omnia ad unum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 23, 67:

causam ad Galbam,

id. Brut. 22, 86:

primas ad aliquem,

id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 et saep.—

Aliquid alicui:

sibi a Caesare regnum civitatis deferri,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6, 2; Fasti ap. Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 87; cf.:

regnum et diadema uni,

Hor. Od. 2, 2, 22:

fasces indigno,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 34:

praemium dignitatis alicui (opp. denegare),

Cic. Fl. 1:

ultro ei legationem (opp. denegare),

id. Fam. 13, 55; cf. id. ib. 4, 13:

palmam alicujus rei Crasso,

id. de Or. 2, 56; cf. Liv. 7, 13; Quint. 10, 1, 53:

omnem ei auctoritatem,

Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

pacem hostibus,

Liv. 23, 13:

Octaviam neptem condicionem,

Suet. Caes. 27 et saep. —

With acc. alone, or absol.:

jusjurandum,

to tender an oath, Quint. 5, 6, 6; cf. ib. § 3 and § 4;

si quid petet, ultro defer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 23 et saep.—

To bring or give an account of, to report, announce, signify, state (for syn. v. declaro init. —

very freq.): qui nostra consilia ad adversarios deferat,

Cic. Clu. 52; so,

aliquid ad aliquem,

id. Mil. 9 fin.; id. Cat. 3, 3, 7; Caes. B. G. 2, 17, 4; 5, 25, 4 et saep.:

ut (haec) per eos ad Caesarem deferrentur,

id. ib. 7, 17 fin.; so with per, id. B. C. 3, 30, 6; 3, 63, 5 al.:

qui ad Caesarem detulerint delaturive sint, me poenitere consilii mei,

Cic. Att. 11, 7, 5; so with acc. and inf., id. Verr. 2, 5, 62; Verg. A. 4, 299 al.—

Legal t. t.: nomen, and post-Aug., aliquem, to indict, impeach, accuse before the pretor, as plaintiff or informer (for syn. cf.:

denuntio, indico): nomen alicujus de parricidio,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28:

nomen amici mei de ambitu,

id. Cael. 31, 76; id. Rosc. Am. 23; nomen suo familiari (dat.) eadem de re, id. ib. 23:

nomen tibi,

id. Pis. 33, 82; cf.:

illi nonnihil tamen in deferendo nomine secuti,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 8:

ad deferendos reos praemio duci,

Quint. 12, 7, 3:

reos ad praetorem,

Tac. A. 14, 41:

reos ejusdem criminis detulerunt,

Quint. 11, 1, 79; cf.:

defertur majestatis,

Tac. A. 14, 48 (v. Draeger ad loc.):

adulterii,

id. ib. 4, 42:

impietatis in principem,

id. ib. 6, 47:

Drusus defertur moliri res novas,

id. ib. 2, 27; cf.:

defertur simulavisse partum,

ib. 3, 22:

ad deferenda de Perseo crimina,

Liv. 42, 11; cf. Quint. 4, 2, 98; cf.

also: et cum occiderentur, detuli sententiam,

voted to condemn, Vulg. Act. 26, 10. — Absol.:

et minari et deferre etiam non orator potest,

Quint. 4, 1, 22.—Of denouncing:

quae apud vos de me deferunt,

Cic. Agr. 3, 1.—

Pub. law t. t.

Aliquid ad aerarium, and more freq. simply aliquid, to give in at the Aerarium:

horum nomina ad aerarium detulisset,

Cic. Phil. 5, 5 fin.:

quamquam rationes deferre properarim (for which referre is repeatedly used just before),

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 3.—Hence of persons, to recommend them for future consideration and reward, for their services to the state:

in beneficiis ad aerarium delatus est,

Cic. Arch. 5 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 20, 7; id. Balb. 28; id. Att. 5, 7:

senatus consultum factum ad aerarium deferre,

the public archives, Liv. 39, 4, 8; Tac. A. 3, 51; 13, 28; Suet. Aug. 94, 3.—

Deferre in censum, to report any thing for assessment, to return one's property to the censors:

mille quingentum aeris in censum,

Gell. 16, 10, 10;

for which, deferre censum,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 159; Tac. A. 6, 41.— Pass. in mid. force:

deferri in censum,

to report one's self for assessment, Eutr. 1, 7.—

To ascribe, Amm. 14, 6, 8.

dē-lēgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to send, assign, dispatch, delegate a person to any place, person or business; to assign, confide, commit, intrust any thing to a person (for attention, care, protection, etc.); to charge a person with a business; to lay or impose upon a person any charge, order, business, command, etc., esp. of that which one prefers not to attend to in person (good prose; not in Caes.; perh. not in Cic.; v. the doubtful passage Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 2, and Orell. ad loc.).

In gen.

With personal objects:

si cui fautores delegatos viderint, etc.,

Plaut. Am. prol. 67 and 83:

aliquem in Tullianum,

Liv. 29, 22 fin.:

infantem ancillis ac nutricibus,

Tac. G. 20; cf. id. Or. 29:

Cassium Longinum occidendum delegaverat,

Suet. Calig. 57:

studiosos Catonis ad illud volumen delegamus,

refer to, Nep. Cato 3 fin.:

ad senatum,

Liv. 5, 20 fin. —

With a thing as object: hunc laborem alteri delegavi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1; so,

curam nepotum alicui,

Quint. 4 prooem. §

2: officium alicui,

id. 6 prooem. §

1: ministerium triumviris,

Tac. Agr. 2; cf.:

jurisdictionem magistratibus,

Suet. Claud. 23:

ordinandas bibliothecas alicui,

id. Caes. 56; cf. id. Gramm. 21:

obsidione delegata in curam collegae,

Liv. 9, 13:

delegato sibi officio functi sunt,

Lact. 1, 4, 6. —

In partic., t. t. in the lang. of business, to assign, transfer, make over, either one who is to pay a debt or the debt itself: delegare est vice sua alium reum dare creditori, vel cui jusserit, Dig. 46, 2, 11:

debitorem,

ib. 12:

debitores nobis deos,

Sen. Ben. 4, 11; cf.:

delegabo te ad Epicurum, ab illo fiet numeratio,

id. Ep. 18, 14:

nomen paterni debitoris,

Dig. 37, 6, 1.— Absol.:

Quinto delegabo, si quid aeri meo alieno superabit,

Cic. Att. 13, 46, 3:

Balbi regia condicio est delegandi,

id. ib. 12, 12:

terram,

to assign, Vulg. 3 Reg. 11, 18.—

Trop., to attribute, impute, ascribe to:

si hoc crimen optimis nominibus delegare possumus,

Cic. Font. 4, 8; so,

causam peccati mortuis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 22, 2:

scelera ipsa aliis,

Tac. A. 13, 43:

omne rei bene aut secus gestae in Etruria decus dedecusque ad Volumnium,

Liv. 10, 19; cf.:

servati consulis decus ad servum,

id. 21, 46 fin.

in-flīgo, ixi, ictum, 3, v. a., to strike a thing on or against (syn.: incutere, illidere).

Lit.:

alicui securim,

Cic. Planc. 29, 70:

cratera viro,

Ov. M. 5, 83:

caput suum parietibus,

Lact. de Mort. Pers. 49:

puppis inflicta vadis,

dashed against, Verg. A. 10, 303:

inflicta terga,

struck, beaten, Val. Fl. 4, 281. —

Trop.:

cum ex verbo adversarii aliquid in ipsum infligitur,

is hurled at, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255.—

Transf., to inflict by striking:

mortiferam plagam infligere,

Cic. Vatin. 8, 20:

vulnera,

id. Pis. 14, 32.—

In gen., to inflict, impose upon:

infligere alicui turpitudinem,

Cic. Pis. 26, 63:

detrimenta civitati,

Just. 3, 5:

fuit consuetudo, ut, intra certa tempora non latis usuris, graviores infligerentur,

laid upon, imposed, Dig. 22, 1, 11:

alicui pretium rei emptae,

ib. 3, 5, 30.

ĭn-ūro, ussi, ustum, 3, v. a., to burn in, to burn.

Lit.:

foramen,

i. e. to make an uneven hole, such as is made by burning, Col. 4, 29, 16.—Of encaustic painting:

Nicias scripsit se inussisse,

Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

cerae tinguntur isdem his coloribus ad eas picturas quae inuruntur,

id. 35, 7, 31, § 49. — To burn in a mark:

notas et nomina gentis,

Verg. G. 3, 158; Just. 44, 4, 9:

inustis barbarum litterarum notis,

Curt. 5, 5, 6.—

To burn off or away, remove by burning:

inustis infantum dexterioribus mammis... unde Amazones dictae sunt,

Just. 2, 4, 11:

ferro candente calcaribus inustis,

Col. 8, 2, 3; cf. Plin. 23, 8, 77, § 148.—

Trop., to brand, to imprint or attach indelibly:

ne qua generi ac nomini suo nota nefariae turpitudinis inuratur,

Cic. Sull. 31, 88:

quas ille leges fuit impositurus nobis atque inusturus?

id. Mil. 12, 33: aliquid calamistris, id. Brut. 75, 262:

censoriae severitatis nota inuri,

id. Clu. 46, 129:

signa probitatis... domesticis inusta notis veritatis,

id. Planc. 12, 29:

acerbissimum alicui dolorem,

id. Phil. 11, 15, 38:

alicui famam superbiae et crudelitatis,

id. Mur. 4, 8:

plurima mala rei publicae,

id. Phil. 2, 46, 117:

alicui ignominiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16:

vivet semper in pectoribus illorum, quidquid istuc praesens necessitas inusserit,

Liv. 9, 3 fin.:

nota turpitudinis inusta vitae alicujus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6 init.; Liv. 3, 58:

mihi dolorem,

Cic. Mil. 36, 99:

ei dolorem,

id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19; cf.:

hunc dolorem cineri ejus atque ossibus,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 113. —Hence, ĭnustus, a, um, P. a., burned; subst.: inusta, ōrum, n., burned parts, burns, Plin. 22, 14, 16, § 37.

ĭn-ūro, ussi, ustum, 3, v. a., to burn in, to burn.

Lit.:

foramen,

i. e. to make an uneven hole, such as is made by burning, Col. 4, 29, 16.—Of encaustic painting:

Nicias scripsit se inussisse,

Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

cerae tinguntur isdem his coloribus ad eas picturas quae inuruntur,

id. 35, 7, 31, § 49. — To burn in a mark:

notas et nomina gentis,

Verg. G. 3, 158; Just. 44, 4, 9:

inustis barbarum litterarum notis,

Curt. 5, 5, 6.—

To burn off or away, remove by burning:

inustis infantum dexterioribus mammis... unde Amazones dictae sunt,

Just. 2, 4, 11:

ferro candente calcaribus inustis,

Col. 8, 2, 3; cf. Plin. 23, 8, 77, § 148.—

Trop., to brand, to imprint or attach indelibly:

ne qua generi ac nomini suo nota nefariae turpitudinis inuratur,

Cic. Sull. 31, 88:

quas ille leges fuit impositurus nobis atque inusturus?

id. Mil. 12, 33: aliquid calamistris, id. Brut. 75, 262:

censoriae severitatis nota inuri,

id. Clu. 46, 129:

signa probitatis... domesticis inusta notis veritatis,

id. Planc. 12, 29:

acerbissimum alicui dolorem,

id. Phil. 11, 15, 38:

alicui famam superbiae et crudelitatis,

id. Mur. 4, 8:

plurima mala rei publicae,

id. Phil. 2, 46, 117:

alicui ignominiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16:

vivet semper in pectoribus illorum, quidquid istuc praesens necessitas inusserit,

Liv. 9, 3 fin.:

nota turpitudinis inusta vitae alicujus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 6 init.; Liv. 3, 58:

mihi dolorem,

Cic. Mil. 36, 99:

ei dolorem,

id. Tusc. 3, 9, 19; cf.:

hunc dolorem cineri ejus atque ossibus,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 113. —Hence, ĭnustus, a, um, P. a., burned; subst.: inusta, ōrum, n., burned parts, burns, Plin. 22, 14, 16, § 37.

lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.

A publicist's t. t.

To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:

ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,

Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

juste pieque legatus venio,

Liv. 1, 32:

tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4:

quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,

Gell. 7, 14, 8.—

Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):

quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,

what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —

Beyond the official sphere:

quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?

committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—

To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):

eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:

ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 2, 6:

istum legatum iri non arbitror,

id. ib. 10, 1, 4:

ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

Dolabella me sibi legavit,

chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:

Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,

Sall. J. 28.—

A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):

Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,

Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:

usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,

id. Top. 3, 14:

cui argentum omne legatum est,

Quint. 5, 10, 62:

in argento legato,

id. 7, 2, 11.—

Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:

uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,

Cic. Clu. 12, 33:

si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,

id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,

lēgātus, i, m.

(Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

legatos mittere,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:

missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,

Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—

(Acc. to lego, I. B.).

An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:

quos legatos tute tibi legasti?

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,

id. Clu. 36, 99:

Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:

Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,

id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:

neque se ei legatum defuturum,

id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:

hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

(Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,

id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:

quaestorius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,

id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:

magnitudo et splendor legati,

Liv. 38, 58, 9:

in magna legatum quaere popina,

Juv. 8, 172.—

Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—

Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:

Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;

legatus praetorius,

Tac. Agr. 7.—

lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:

legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,

Dig. 30, 116:

Hortensii legata cognovi,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:

reliqua legata varie dedit,

Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:

legatum peto ex testamento,

Quint. 4, 2, 6:

jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,

Suet. Dom. 8:

cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,

Juv. 9, 62:

legatorum genera sunt quattuor,

Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.

lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.

Lit.

In gen.:

oleam,

Cato, R. R. 144:

nuces,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

herbas collibus,

Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:

roscida mala,

id. ib. 8, 38:

flores in calathos,

Ov. F. 5, 218:

spolia caesorum,

Liv. 5, 39:

quos (montanos asparagos),

Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:

ossa,

Ov. H. 10, 150:

homini mortuo ossa,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:

reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,

Suet. Aug. 100. —

Esp.

To take out, pick out, extract, remove:

quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,

Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:

ossa vivis,

id. ad Marc. 22, 3:

ossa in capite lecta,

id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:

ossa e vulneribus,

Quint. 6, 1, 30.—

To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):

oleam qui legerit,

Cato, R. R. 144, 1:

ficus non erat apta legi,

Ov. F. 2, 254.—

Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:

extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,

i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:

quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,

Ov. F. 3, 462:

stamen,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—

Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:

omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,

Verg. G. 1, 373:

vela legunt socii,

id. A. 3, 532:

ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,

Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:

prora funem legit Argus ab alta,

draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:

ancoras classis legit,

is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—

To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:

majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,

Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:

sacra divum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:

soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—

Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):

nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,

Ov. M. 5, 579:

pars cetera pontum Pone legit,

sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:

vada dura lego,

id. ib. 3, 706:

freta,

id. ib. 3, 127:

aequora Afra,

Ov. F. 4, 289:

Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,

id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:

subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

id. M. 3, 17; cf.:

et vestigia retro Observata legit,

Verg. A. 9, 392:

tortos orbes,

to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—

To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):

Inarimen Prochytenque legit,

Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:

navibus oram Italiae,

Liv. 21, 51 fin.:

oram Campaniae,

Suet. Tib. 11; cf.

terram,

id. Aug. 16. —

Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):

alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,

pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:

judices,

Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:

omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,

id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:

scribam,

to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:

condiciones nubendi,

id. Cael. 15:

cives in patres,

Liv. 23, 22:

viros ad bella,

Ov. M. 7, 669:

geminasque legit de classe biremes,

Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:

senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,

Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—

With inf.:

fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,

Stat. Th. 1, 530.

Trop.

To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:

nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—

To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.

In gen.:

tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,

Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—

In partic., to read or peruse a writing:

ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,

Cic. Top. 1:

defensionem causae,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:

aliquid studiose intenteque,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:

significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,

id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:

liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

orationem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:

antiquos et novos,

Quint. 2, 5, 23:

antiquos studiosius,

id. 3, 6, 62:

poëtas,

id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:

Horatius fere solus legi dignus,

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,

id. 10, 1, 116:

dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:

sepulcra legens,

when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

legentium plerisque,

Liv. 1 praef. §

4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,

to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:

nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,

Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:

legendi usus,

Lact. 3, 25, 9:

memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,

Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—

In partic.

To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):

convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:

audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,

Plin. Ep. 9, 34:

obturem impune legentibus aures,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:

quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,

with recitation, id. A. P. 475:

quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,

to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—

To find in an author or a writing:

ut scriptum legimus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:

legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,

id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:

ego vero haec scripta legi,

id. Planc. 39, 94:

praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,

Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:

in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,

Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—

A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;

v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,

Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,

argentum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:

ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:

uxor lectissima,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

(verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,

id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,

id. Or. 68, 227:

juvenum lectissime,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:

viginti lectis equitum comitatus,

Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):

ab lego lecte ac lectissime,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:

lectius,

Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.

A publicist's t. t.

To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:

ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,

Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

juste pieque legatus venio,

Liv. 1, 32:

tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4:

quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,

Gell. 7, 14, 8.—

Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):

quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,

what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —

Beyond the official sphere:

quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?

committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—

To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):

eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:

ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 2, 6:

istum legatum iri non arbitror,

id. ib. 10, 1, 4:

ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

Dolabella me sibi legavit,

chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:

Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,

Sall. J. 28.—

A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):

Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,

Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:

usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,

id. Top. 3, 14:

cui argentum omne legatum est,

Quint. 5, 10, 62:

in argento legato,

id. 7, 2, 11.—

Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:

uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,

Cic. Clu. 12, 33:

si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,

id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,

lēgātus, i, m.

(Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

legatos mittere,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:

missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,

Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—

(Acc. to lego, I. B.).

An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:

quos legatos tute tibi legasti?

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,

id. Clu. 36, 99:

Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:

Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,

id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:

neque se ei legatum defuturum,

id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:

hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

(Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,

id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:

quaestorius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,

id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:

magnitudo et splendor legati,

Liv. 38, 58, 9:

in magna legatum quaere popina,

Juv. 8, 172.—

Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—

Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:

Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;

legatus praetorius,

Tac. Agr. 7.—

lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:

legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,

Dig. 30, 116:

Hortensii legata cognovi,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:

reliqua legata varie dedit,

Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:

legatum peto ex testamento,

Quint. 4, 2, 6:

jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,

Suet. Dom. 8:

cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,

Juv. 9, 62:

legatorum genera sunt quattuor,

Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.

lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.

Lit.

In gen.:

oleam,

Cato, R. R. 144:

nuces,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

herbas collibus,

Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:

roscida mala,

id. ib. 8, 38:

flores in calathos,

Ov. F. 5, 218:

spolia caesorum,

Liv. 5, 39:

quos (montanos asparagos),

Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:

ossa,

Ov. H. 10, 150:

homini mortuo ossa,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:

reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,

Suet. Aug. 100. —

Esp.

To take out, pick out, extract, remove:

quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,

Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:

ossa vivis,

id. ad Marc. 22, 3:

ossa in capite lecta,

id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:

ossa e vulneribus,

Quint. 6, 1, 30.—

To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):

oleam qui legerit,

Cato, R. R. 144, 1:

ficus non erat apta legi,

Ov. F. 2, 254.—

Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:

extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,

i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:

quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,

Ov. F. 3, 462:

stamen,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—

Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:

omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,

Verg. G. 1, 373:

vela legunt socii,

id. A. 3, 532:

ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,

Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:

prora funem legit Argus ab alta,

draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:

ancoras classis legit,

is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—

To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:

majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,

Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:

sacra divum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:

soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—

Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):

nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,

Ov. M. 5, 579:

pars cetera pontum Pone legit,

sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:

vada dura lego,

id. ib. 3, 706:

freta,

id. ib. 3, 127:

aequora Afra,

Ov. F. 4, 289:

Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,

id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:

subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

id. M. 3, 17; cf.:

et vestigia retro Observata legit,

Verg. A. 9, 392:

tortos orbes,

to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—

To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):

Inarimen Prochytenque legit,

Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:

navibus oram Italiae,

Liv. 21, 51 fin.:

oram Campaniae,

Suet. Tib. 11; cf.

terram,

id. Aug. 16. —