620

* * *

• For those in misery perhaps better things will follow. (Virgil)

intentionally, on purpose, designedly.

see Nouiomagi Batauorum

ENG Andean emerald

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

ac-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. ( fut. perf. accepso = accepero, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31, or Rib. Trag. Rel. 118) [capio], to accept.

In gen., to take a person or thing to one's self: leno ad se accipiet hominem et aurum, will take the man and his money to himself (into his house), Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51.

Of things received by the hand, to take, receive: cette manus vestras measque accipite, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 1 (Trag. v. 320 ed. Vahl.):

ex tua accepi manu pateram,

Plaut. Amph. 2, 2, 132; hence, trop. of the word given, the promise, with which a grasping of the hand was usually connected: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.; so in the Gr. pista dounai kai labein); cf. Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 87; so Verg. A. 8, 150;

in Ter. of a person to be protected: hanc (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 62; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 5, and Sall. C. 6, 5, —

Of things received or taken by different parts of the body: accipite hoc onus in vestros collos, Cato ap. Non. 200, 23:

gremio,

Verg. A. 1, 685:

oculis aut pectore noctem (i. e. somnum),

id. ib. 4, 531.—

In gen., very freq.,

as implying action, to take, to take possession of, to accept (Gr. dechesthai);

of something that falls to one's share, to get, to receive, to be the recipient of (Gr. lambanein).—

To take, accept:

hanc epistulam accipe a me,

take this letter from me, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 52; 4, 2, 26; cf. id. Ep. 3, 4, 26:

persuasit aliis, ut pecuniam accipere mallent,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82:

condicionem pacis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

armis obsidibusque acceptis Crassus profectus est,

after he had taken into his possession the arms and hostages, id. ib. 3, 23:

divitias,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3:

aliquid a patre,

to inherit, id. Timoth. 1, 1; id. Att. 1:

accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint,

Verg. A. 3, 486 al. —Hence to receive or entertain as guest:

haec (tellus) fessos placidissima portu accipit,

Verg. A. 3, 78:

Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean,

id. ib. 8, 71; 155; Ov. M. 8, 655 al.—Of admittance to political privileges:

Nomentani et Pedani in civitatem accepti,

Liv. 8, 14; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

magnifice volo summos viros accipere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:

in loco festivo sumus festive accepti,

id. ib. 5, 19; so id. Cist. 1, 1, 12; id. Men. 5, 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 1, 32, etc.; Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 52; Lucr. 3, 907; Cic. Att. 16, 6; Ov. F. 2, 725 al.—Hence also ironically, to entertain, to treat, deal with:

ego te miseris jam accipiam modis,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 3:

hominem accipiam quibus dictis maeret,

id. Men. 5, 1, 7:

indignis acceptus modis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12. Perh. also Lucil. ap. Non. 521, 1: adeo male me accipiunt decimae, treat or use me ill, deal harshly with me; and ib. 240, 8: sic, inquam, veteratorem illum vetulum lupum Hannibalem acceptum (Non. explains the latter in a very unusual manner, by deceptum).—

To get, to receive, to be the recipient of, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31; Lucr. 1, 819, 909; 2, 762, 885, 1009:

ictus,

id. 4, 1048 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 243: vulnera accipiunt tergo): aridior nubes accipit ignem, takes or catches fire, Lucr. 6, 150; Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

humanitatem iis tribuere debemus, a quibus accepimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9:

pecuniam ob rem judicandam,

id. Verr. 1, 38:

luna lumen solis accipit,

id. de Or. 3, 45; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

praeclarum accepimus a majoribus morem,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 44: praecepta, Caes. B. G. 2, 6: accepi tuas litteras (in another sense than above), I have received your letter, it has reached me (allatae sunt ad me), Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; 2, 1, 1; 10, 1 al.:

acceptā injuriā ignoscere quam persequi malebant,

Sall. C. 9, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

calamitatem,

ib. 1, 31:

detrimenta,

ib. 5, 22; cf. Cic. Mur. 21, 44 al. So often of dignities and offices:

provinciam,

id. Fam. 2, 10, 2:

consulatum,

Suet. Aug. 10:

Galliam,

id. Caes. 22 al.

In partic.

To take a thing by hearing, i. e.,

To hear, to perceive, to observe, to learn (cf. opp. do = I give in words, i. e. I say): hoc simul accipe dictum, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204): quod ego inaudivi, accipite, Pac. ap. Non. 126, 22 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 81): hoc etiam accipe quod dico, Lucil. ap. Non. 240, 1:

carmen auribus,

Lucr. 4, 983 (so id. 6, 164); 1, 270; cf. Verg. A. 2, 65:

voces,

Lucr. 4, 613 (so 6, 171):

si te aequo animo ferre accipiet,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 23:

quae gerantur, accipies ex Pollione,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6; 1, 9, 4; Liv. 1, 7. —Hence very freq. in the histt., to get or receive intelligence of any thing, to learn:

urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

as I have learned, Sall. C. 6, 1, and so al.—

To comprehend or understand any thing communicated:

haud satis meo corde accepi querelas tuas,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 18:

et si quis est, qui haec putet arte accipi posse,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

ut non solum celeriter acciperet, quae tradebantur, etc.,

Nep. Att. 1, 3; so Quint. 1, 3, 3; 2, 9, 3 al.—

With the accessory idea of judging, to take a thing thus or thus, to interpret or explain, usually constr. with ad or in c. acc.:

quibus res sunt minus secundae... ad contumeliam omnia accipiunt magis,

the more unfortunate one is, the more inclined is he to regard every thing as an insult, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 15:

in eam partem accipio,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 37; cf. Cic. Fam. 10, 6; id. Att. 16, 6; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 2:

non recte accipis,

you put a wrong construction upon this, id. And. 2, 2, 30:

quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit,

Sall. C. 3, 2.— Hence: accipere aliquid omen, or in omen, to regard a thing as a ( favorable) omen, to accept the omen (cf. dechesthai ton oiônon), Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103; 2, 40, 83; Liv. 1, 7, 11; 21, 63 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 62; id. A. 1, 28; 2, 13; Flor. 4, 12, 14 al.—Hence poet.:

accipio agnoscoque deos,

Verg. A. 12, 260; cf. Ov. M. 7, 620.—

To take a thing upon one's self, to undertake (syn. suscipio):

accipito hanc ad te litem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23: meā causā causam accipite, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 47; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 24; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 20 al.—Hence also,

To bear, endure, suffer any thing disagreeable or troublesome:

hanccine ego ut contumeliam tam insignem ad me accipiam!

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1:

nil satis firmi video, quamobrem accipere hunc me expediat metum,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 96; 5, 1, 59; id. Eun. 4, 6, 24; id. Ad. 2, 1, 53; id. Ph. 5, 2, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

calamitatem,

id. Off. 3, 26:

injuriam,

id. ib. 1, 11 al.—

To accept a thing, to be satisfied with, to approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta; Pam.:

Accipio,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 48:

accepit condicionem, dein quaestum accipit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 52:

visa ista... accipio iisque interdum etiam assentior, nec percipio tamen,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

preces suas acceptas ab dis immortalibus ominati,

Liv. 42, 30, 8 Drak. Cf. Herz, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: “equi te esse feri similem, dico.” Ridemus et ipse Messius: “accipio.” I allow it, Exactly so, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.—

In mercant. lang., t. t., to receive or collect a sum:

pro quo (frumento) cum a Varinio praetore pecuniam accepisset,

Cic. Fl. 45; hence subst.: acceptum, i, n., the receipt, and in account-books the credit side:

in acceptum referre alicui,

to carry over to the credit side, to place to one's credit, Cic. Verr. 1, 36, 57; id. Rosc. Com. 2; id. Phil. 2, 16; id. Caec. 6, 17; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 234 (opp. datum or expensum).—Hence also trop., to owe or be indebted to one, in a good or a bad sense:

ut esset nemo qui non mihi vitam suam, liberos, remp. referret acceptam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5:

omnia mala, quae postea vidimus, uni accepta referemus Antonio,

ascribe, id. ib. 22; Caes. B. G. 8, 58; id. B. C, 3, 57: Acceptum [p. 18] refero versibus, esse nocens, Ov. Trist. 2, 10. —

In the gram m., to take a word or phrase thus or thus, to explain a word in any manner:

adversus interdum promiscue accipitur,

Charis. p. 207 P. al.—(Syn. nanciscor and adipiscor: he to whom something is given, accipit; he who gets by a fortunate occurrence, nanciscitur; he who obtains it by exertion, adipiscitur. “ Sumimus ipsi: accipimus ab alio,” Vel. Long. p. 2243 P.—“Inter tenere, sumere et accipere hoc interest, quod tenemus quae sunt in nostra potestate: sumimus posita: accipimus data,” Isid. Diff. 1).—Hence, acceptus, a, um, P. a., welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus. Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i. e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable;

hence the usual position: gratus atque acceptus).—First, of persons: essetne apud te is servus acceptissimus?

Plaut. Cap. 3, 5, 56:

plebi acceptus erat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13;

acceptus erat in oculis,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5.—

Of things: dis et hominibus est acceptum quod, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:

quod vero approbaris. id gratum acceptumque habendum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3:

quorum mihi dona accepta et grata habeo,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56:

rem populo Romano gratam acceptamque,

Cic. Phil. 13, 50;

tempore accepto exaudivi,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 2.— Comp., Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Rep. 6, 13; Tac. A. 6, 45 al.— Sup., see above.— Adv. accepte does not occur.

ac-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. ( fut. perf. accepso = accepero, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31, or Rib. Trag. Rel. 118) [capio], to accept.

In gen., to take a person or thing to one's self: leno ad se accipiet hominem et aurum, will take the man and his money to himself (into his house), Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51.

Of things received by the hand, to take, receive: cette manus vestras measque accipite, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 1 (Trag. v. 320 ed. Vahl.):

ex tua accepi manu pateram,

Plaut. Amph. 2, 2, 132; hence, trop. of the word given, the promise, with which a grasping of the hand was usually connected: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.; so in the Gr. pista dounai kai labein); cf. Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 87; so Verg. A. 8, 150;

in Ter. of a person to be protected: hanc (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 62; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 5, and Sall. C. 6, 5, —

Of things received or taken by different parts of the body: accipite hoc onus in vestros collos, Cato ap. Non. 200, 23:

gremio,

Verg. A. 1, 685:

oculis aut pectore noctem (i. e. somnum),

id. ib. 4, 531.—

In gen., very freq.,

as implying action, to take, to take possession of, to accept (Gr. dechesthai);

of something that falls to one's share, to get, to receive, to be the recipient of (Gr. lambanein).—

To take, accept:

hanc epistulam accipe a me,

take this letter from me, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 52; 4, 2, 26; cf. id. Ep. 3, 4, 26:

persuasit aliis, ut pecuniam accipere mallent,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82:

condicionem pacis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

armis obsidibusque acceptis Crassus profectus est,

after he had taken into his possession the arms and hostages, id. ib. 3, 23:

divitias,

Nep. Epam. 4, 3:

aliquid a patre,

to inherit, id. Timoth. 1, 1; id. Att. 1:

accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint,

Verg. A. 3, 486 al. —Hence to receive or entertain as guest:

haec (tellus) fessos placidissima portu accipit,

Verg. A. 3, 78:

Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean,

id. ib. 8, 71; 155; Ov. M. 8, 655 al.—Of admittance to political privileges:

Nomentani et Pedani in civitatem accepti,

Liv. 8, 14; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

magnifice volo summos viros accipere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:

in loco festivo sumus festive accepti,

id. ib. 5, 19; so id. Cist. 1, 1, 12; id. Men. 5, 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 1, 32, etc.; Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 52; Lucr. 3, 907; Cic. Att. 16, 6; Ov. F. 2, 725 al.—Hence also ironically, to entertain, to treat, deal with:

ego te miseris jam accipiam modis,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 3:

hominem accipiam quibus dictis maeret,

id. Men. 5, 1, 7:

indignis acceptus modis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12. Perh. also Lucil. ap. Non. 521, 1: adeo male me accipiunt decimae, treat or use me ill, deal harshly with me; and ib. 240, 8: sic, inquam, veteratorem illum vetulum lupum Hannibalem acceptum (Non. explains the latter in a very unusual manner, by deceptum).—

To get, to receive, to be the recipient of, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31; Lucr. 1, 819, 909; 2, 762, 885, 1009:

ictus,

id. 4, 1048 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 243: vulnera accipiunt tergo): aridior nubes accipit ignem, takes or catches fire, Lucr. 6, 150; Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

humanitatem iis tribuere debemus, a quibus accepimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9:

pecuniam ob rem judicandam,

id. Verr. 1, 38:

luna lumen solis accipit,

id. de Or. 3, 45; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

praeclarum accepimus a majoribus morem,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 44: praecepta, Caes. B. G. 2, 6: accepi tuas litteras (in another sense than above), I have received your letter, it has reached me (allatae sunt ad me), Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; 2, 1, 1; 10, 1 al.:

acceptā injuriā ignoscere quam persequi malebant,

Sall. C. 9, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

calamitatem,

ib. 1, 31:

detrimenta,

ib. 5, 22; cf. Cic. Mur. 21, 44 al. So often of dignities and offices:

provinciam,

id. Fam. 2, 10, 2:

consulatum,

Suet. Aug. 10:

Galliam,

id. Caes. 22 al.

In partic.

To take a thing by hearing, i. e.,

To hear, to perceive, to observe, to learn (cf. opp. do = I give in words, i. e. I say): hoc simul accipe dictum, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204): quod ego inaudivi, accipite, Pac. ap. Non. 126, 22 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 81): hoc etiam accipe quod dico, Lucil. ap. Non. 240, 1:

carmen auribus,

Lucr. 4, 983 (so id. 6, 164); 1, 270; cf. Verg. A. 2, 65:

voces,

Lucr. 4, 613 (so 6, 171):

si te aequo animo ferre accipiet,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 23:

quae gerantur, accipies ex Pollione,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6; 1, 9, 4; Liv. 1, 7. —Hence very freq. in the histt., to get or receive intelligence of any thing, to learn:

urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

as I have learned, Sall. C. 6, 1, and so al.—

To comprehend or understand any thing communicated:

haud satis meo corde accepi querelas tuas,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 18:

et si quis est, qui haec putet arte accipi posse,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

ut non solum celeriter acciperet, quae tradebantur, etc.,

Nep. Att. 1, 3; so Quint. 1, 3, 3; 2, 9, 3 al.—

With the accessory idea of judging, to take a thing thus or thus, to interpret or explain, usually constr. with ad or in c. acc.:

quibus res sunt minus secundae... ad contumeliam omnia accipiunt magis,

the more unfortunate one is, the more inclined is he to regard every thing as an insult, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 15:

in eam partem accipio,

id. Eun. 5, 2, 37; cf. Cic. Fam. 10, 6; id. Att. 16, 6; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 2:

non recte accipis,

you put a wrong construction upon this, id. And. 2, 2, 30:

quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit,

Sall. C. 3, 2.— Hence: accipere aliquid omen, or in omen, to regard a thing as a ( favorable) omen, to accept the omen (cf. dechesthai ton oiônon), Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103; 2, 40, 83; Liv. 1, 7, 11; 21, 63 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 62; id. A. 1, 28; 2, 13; Flor. 4, 12, 14 al.—Hence poet.:

accipio agnoscoque deos,

Verg. A. 12, 260; cf. Ov. M. 7, 620.—

To take a thing upon one's self, to undertake (syn. suscipio):

accipito hanc ad te litem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23: meā causā causam accipite, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 47; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 24; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 20 al.—Hence also,

To bear, endure, suffer any thing disagreeable or troublesome:

hanccine ego ut contumeliam tam insignem ad me accipiam!

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1:

nil satis firmi video, quamobrem accipere hunc me expediat metum,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 96; 5, 1, 59; id. Eun. 4, 6, 24; id. Ad. 2, 1, 53; id. Ph. 5, 2, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

calamitatem,

id. Off. 3, 26:

injuriam,

id. ib. 1, 11 al.—

To accept a thing, to be satisfied with, to approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta; Pam.:

Accipio,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 48:

accepit condicionem, dein quaestum accipit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 52:

visa ista... accipio iisque interdum etiam assentior, nec percipio tamen,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

preces suas acceptas ab dis immortalibus ominati,

Liv. 42, 30, 8 Drak. Cf. Herz, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: “equi te esse feri similem, dico.” Ridemus et ipse Messius: “accipio.” I allow it, Exactly so, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.—

In mercant. lang., t. t., to receive or collect a sum:

pro quo (frumento) cum a Varinio praetore pecuniam accepisset,

Cic. Fl. 45; hence subst.: acceptum, i, n., the receipt, and in account-books the credit side:

in acceptum referre alicui,

to carry over to the credit side, to place to one's credit, Cic. Verr. 1, 36, 57; id. Rosc. Com. 2; id. Phil. 2, 16; id. Caec. 6, 17; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 234 (opp. datum or expensum).—Hence also trop., to owe or be indebted to one, in a good or a bad sense:

ut esset nemo qui non mihi vitam suam, liberos, remp. referret acceptam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5:

omnia mala, quae postea vidimus, uni accepta referemus Antonio,

ascribe, id. ib. 22; Caes. B. G. 8, 58; id. B. C, 3, 57: Acceptum [p. 18] refero versibus, esse nocens, Ov. Trist. 2, 10. —

In the gram m., to take a word or phrase thus or thus, to explain a word in any manner:

adversus interdum promiscue accipitur,

Charis. p. 207 P. al.—(Syn. nanciscor and adipiscor: he to whom something is given, accipit; he who gets by a fortunate occurrence, nanciscitur; he who obtains it by exertion, adipiscitur. “ Sumimus ipsi: accipimus ab alio,” Vel. Long. p. 2243 P.—“Inter tenere, sumere et accipere hoc interest, quod tenemus quae sunt in nostra potestate: sumimus posita: accipimus data,” Isid. Diff. 1).—Hence, acceptus, a, um, P. a., welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus. Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i. e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable;

hence the usual position: gratus atque acceptus).—First, of persons: essetne apud te is servus acceptissimus?

Plaut. Cap. 3, 5, 56:

plebi acceptus erat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13;

acceptus erat in oculis,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5.—

Of things: dis et hominibus est acceptum quod, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:

quod vero approbaris. id gratum acceptumque habendum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3:

quorum mihi dona accepta et grata habeo,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56:

rem populo Romano gratam acceptamque,

Cic. Phil. 13, 50;

tempore accepto exaudivi,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 2.— Comp., Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Rep. 6, 13; Tac. A. 6, 45 al.— Sup., see above.— Adv. accepte does not occur.

ardĕo, rsi, rsum, 2, v.n. ( perf. subj. ARDVERINT, Inscr. Fratr. Arval., of the time of the emperor Alexander Severus, in Inscr. Orell. 961) [cf. Sanscr. ghar = to shine. Sonne foll. by Curt.], to take fire, to kindle; hence,

Lit., to be on fire, to burn, blaze (syn.:

ardesco, exardeo, flagro, incendor, uror): Nam multis succensa locis ardent sola terrae,

for the soil is on fire in different places, Lucr. 2, 592:

tecta ardentia,

id. 3, 1064: Ultimus ardebit, quem etc., i. e. His home will burn last, whom etc., Juv. 3, 201:

ardente domo,

Tac. A. 15, 50 fin.:

radii ardentes,

Lucr. 6, 618: circumstant cum ardentibus taedis, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 51 Vahl.):

caput arsisse Servio Tullio dormienti,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121:

vis ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145:

Praeneste ardentes lapides caelo decidisse,

Liv. 22, 1:

rogum parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus,

Ov. M. 2, 620; 2, 245; 14, 747:

arsurae comae,

Verg. A. 11, 77:

videbat quod rubus arderet,

Vulg. Exod. 3, 2; ib. Deut. 5, 23; ib. Joan. 15, 6.—

Trop.

Of the eyes, to flash, glow, sparkle, shine (syn.:

fulgeo, inardesco, mico): ardent oculi,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 62; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; 2, 5, 62; cf.:

oculi ejus (erant) ut lampas ardens,

Vulg. Dan. 10, 6.—

Poet., transf. to color, to sparkle, glisten, glitter, dazzle:

Tyrio ardebat murice laena,

Verg. A. 4, 262:

campi armis sublimibus ardent,

id. ib. 11, 602. —

In gen., of any passionate emotion [p. 156] or excitement, to burn, glow, be inflamed, usu. with abl. (dolore, irā, studio, invidiā, etc.), but often without an abl.; to be strongly affected, esp. with love; to be inflamed, burn, glow, to blaze, be on fire, be consumed, etc. (syn.: ardesco, exardeo, furo).

With abl.:

quippe patentia cum totiens ardentia morbis Lumina versarent oculorum, expertia somno,

they rolled around the open eyeballs glowing with heat, Lucr. 6, 1180:

In fluvios partim gelidos ardentia morbo Membra dabant,

their limbs burning with the heat of fever, id. 6, 1172:

ardere flagitio,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 1:

amore,

Ter. Eun. 1. 1, 27; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47:

iracundiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12:

curā,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9:

dolore et irā,

Cic. Att. 2, 19:

cupiditate,

id. Pis. 24:

studio et amore,

id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2:

desiderio,

id. Mil. 15; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 37:

podagrae doloribus,

to be tormented with, id. Fin. 5, 31, 94:

furore,

Liv. 2, 29 fin. et saep.:

cum arderet Syria bello,

Cic. Att. 5, 6; id. Fam. 4, 1; Liv. 28, 24 fin. al.—

Without an abl.:

ipse ardere videris,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188 (incensus esse, B. and K.); cf. Quint. 11, 3, 145:

omnium animi ad ulciscendum ardebant,

were fired, eager, Caes. B. G. 6, 34:

Ardet,

Ov. M. 6, 609:

ultro implacabilis ardet,

Verg. A. 12, 3:

ardet in arma,

id. ib. 12, 71; so,

in caedem,

Tac. H. 1, 43.— Poet. with inf. as object (cf. infra), to desire ardently to do a thing:

ruere ardet utroque,

Ov. M. 5, 166:

Ardet abire fugā dulcīsque relinquere terras,

Verg. A. 4, 281; 11, 895; Val. Fl. 6, 45.—Esp., to burn with love (syn. uror):

ex aequo captis ardebant mentibus ambo,

Ov. M. 4, 62:

deus arsit in illā,

id. ib. 8, 50 (cf.:

laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Circen,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 19):

arsit Virgine raptā,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 9, 6; and with acc. of the object loved (as supra, in constr. with the inf.): formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, Corydon had a burning passion for, etc., Verg. E. 2, 1:

comptos arsit adulteri Crines,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 13:

delphini pueros miris et humanis modis arserunt,

Gell. 6, 8; cf. Arusian. Mess. p. 209 Lind.

arsus, roasted, Plin. Val. 2, 9.— ardens, entis, P. a., prop. on fire, burning; hence, glowing, fiery, ardent, hot, etc., lit. and trop.

Lit.: sol ardentissimus, Tubero ap. Gell. 6, 4, 3:

ardentissimum tempus,

Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123:

Austri ardentes,

id. 12, 19, 42, § 93:

quinta (zona) est ardentior illis,

hotter, Ov. M. 1, 46:

ardens Africa,

Luc. 9, 729.—

Trop.

Of the eyes:

oculi,

glowing, Verg. G. 4, 451.—

Of color:

ardentissimus color,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16:

apes ardentes auro,

glowing, glittering as with gold, Verg. G. 4, 99; so id. A. 10, 262.—

Of wounds, burning, smarting:

ardenti morsu premere dolorem,

with burning bite, Lucr. 3, 663.—

Of wine, strong, fiery:

ardentis Falerni Pocula,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 19; cf. Mart. 9, 7, 45.—

Of passion or strong feeling, burning, glowing, eager, impatient, ardent:

avaritia ardens,

Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 36:

mortem ardentiore studio petere,

id. ib. 2, 19, 61:

ardentes in eum litteras ad me misit,

id. Att. 14, 10 fin.:

ardentissimus dux,

Flor. 4, 2, 42; 1, 8, 2:

ardentissimus amor,

Vulg. 3, Reg. 11, 2:

studia,

Ov. M. 1, 199:

Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in nobis,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:

furor,

ib. Isa. 30, 27:

miserere ardentis (sc. amore),

Ov. M. 14, 691.— Poet. with gen.:

ardens caedis,

Stat. Th. 1, 662.—In Cic. freq. of passionate, excited discourse:

nec umquam is qui audiret, incenderetur, nisi ardens ad eum perveniret oratio,

Cic. Or. 38, 132:

verbum,

id. ib. 8, 27 (cf. id. Brut. 24 fin.):

nisi ipse (orator) inflammatus ad eam (mentem) et ardens accesserit,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 190:

orator gravis, acer, ardens,

id. Or. 28, 99 al. — Adv. ardenter, only trop., in a burning, fiery, eager, passionate manner, ardently, eagerly, passionately:

ardenter aliquid cupere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.:

ardentius sitire,

to have a more burning thirst, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

ardentius diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7, id. Pan. 85, 7:

ardentius amare,

Suet. Calig. 25.— Sup.:

ardentissime diligere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3; Suet. Dom. 22.

artus (not arctus), a, um, adj. [v. arma], prop. fitted; hence,

Lit., close, strait, narrow, confined, short, brief:

exierunt regionibus artis,

Lucr. 6, 120:

claustra,

id. 1, 70; so id. 3, 808:

nec tamen haec ita sunt arta et astricta, ut ea laxare nequeamus,

Cic. Or. 65, 220:

artioribus apud populum Romanum laqueis tenebitur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

nullum vinculum ad astringendam fidem jure jurando majores artius esse voluerunt,

id. Off. 3, 31, 111:

compages,

Verg. A. 1, 293:

nexus,

Ov. M. 6, 242:

arto stipata theatro,

pressed together in a contracted theatre, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 60:

toga,

a narrow toga without folds, id. ib. 1, 18, 30 (cf. exigua toga, id. ib. 1, 19, 13):

nimis arta convivia,

i. e. with too many guests, who are therefore compelled to sit close together, id. ib. 1, 5, 29 et saep.—Hence, subst.: artum, i, n., a narrow place or passage:

ventus cum confercit, franguntur in arto montes nimborum,

Lucr. 6, 158 Lachm.:

multiplicatis in arto ordinibus,

Liv. 2, 50; so id. 34, 15:

nec desilies imitator in artum,

nor, by imitating, leap into a close place, Hor. A. P. 134.—

Trop., strict, severe, scanty, brief, small:

sponte suā cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

subjected himself to the severity of the laws, Lucr. 5, 1147:

Additae leges artae et ideo superbae quasque etc.,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 12:

vincula amoris artissima,

Cic. Att. 6, 2: artior somnus, a sounder or deeper sleep, id. Rep. 6, 10:

arti commeatus,

Liv. 2, 34; Tac. H. 4, 26; cf.:

in arto commeatus,

id. ib. 3, 13:

artissimae tenebrae,

very thick darkness, Suet. Ner. 46 (for which, in class. Lat., densus, v. Bremi ad h. l., and cf. densus) al.—So, colligere in artum, to compress, abridge:

quae (volumina) a me collecta in artum,

Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44.—Of hope, small, scanty:

spes artior aquae manantis,

Col. 1, 5, 2: ne spem sibi ponat in arto, diminish hope, expectation, [p. 169] Ov. M. 9, 683:

quia plus quam unum ex patriciis creari non licebat, artior petitio quattuor petentibus erat,

i. e. was harder, had less ground of hope, Liv. 39, 32; and of circumstances in life, etc., straitened, distressing, wretched, needy, indigent (so in and after the Aug. per. for the class. angustus):

rebus in artis,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 25:

artas res nuntiaret,

Tac. H. 3, 69:

tam artis afflictisque rebus,

Flor. 2, 6, 31; so Sil. 7, 310:

fortuna artior expensis,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 117:

ne in arto res esset,

Liv. 26, 17.— Adv.: artē (not arcte), closely, close, fast, firmly.

Lit.:

arte (manus) conliga,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 29:

boves arte ad stipites religare,

Col. 6, 2, 5:

arte continere aliquid,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

aciem arte statuere,

Sall. J. 52, 6:

arte accubare,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 39.— Comp.:

calorem artius continere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 25:

artius astringi,

Hor. Epod. 15, 5:

signa artius conlocare,

Sall. C. 59, 2:

artius ire,

Curt. 4, 13, 34:

artius pressiusque conflictari,

Gell. 10, 6.— Sup.:

milites quam artissime ire jubet,

Sall. J. 68, 4:

artissime plantas serere,

Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 16.—

Trop.:

arte contenteque aliquem habere,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63; id. Merc. prol. 64:

arte et graviter dormire,

soundly, Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:

arte appellare aliquem,

briefly, by shortening his name, Ov. P. 4, 12, 10:

artius adstringere rationem,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32:

abstinentiam artissime constringere,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8.—

Transf.:

arte diligere aliquem,

strongly, deeply, Plin. Ep. 6, 8; so also id. ib. 2, 13.

artus, ūs, m. [id.], mostly plur. (artua, n., Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 102; quoted in Non. p. 191, 12.—Hence, dat. acc. to Vel. Long. p. 2229 P. and Ter. Scaur. p. 2260 P. artibus; yet the ancient grammarians give their decision in favor of artubus, which form is also supported by the best MSS.; cf. arcus.—The singular is found only in Luc. 6, 754; Val. Fl. 4, 310, and Prisc. p. 1219 P.).

A.. Lit., a joint:

molles commissurae et artus (digitorum),

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:

suffraginum artus,

Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248:

elapsi in pravum artus,

Tac. H. 4, 81:

dolor artuum,

gout, Cic. Brut. 60, 217.—Sometimes connected with membra, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 102:

copia materiaï Cogitur interdum flecti per membra, per artus,

in every joint and limb, Lucr. 2, 282; 3, 703 al.; Suet. Calig. 28; cf.

Baumg.-Crus., Clavis ad Suet.: cernere laceros artus, truncata membra,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5.—

Trop., the muscular strength in the joints; hence, in gen., strength, power: Epicharmeion illud teneto;

nervos atque artus esse sapientiae, non temere credere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 10.—More freq.,

The limbs in gen. (very freq., esp. in the poets; in Lucr. about sixty times): cum tremulis anus attulit artubus lumen, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 36 Vahl.); so Lucr. 3, 7; cf. id. 3, 488; 6, 1189:

artubus omnibus contremiscam,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121: dum nati (sc. Absyrti) dissupatos artus captaret parens, vet. poet. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67:

copia concita per artus Omnīs,

Lucr. 2, 267:

moribundi artus,

id. 3, 129 al.:

rogumque parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 620 al.:

salsusque per artus Sudor iit,

Verg. A. 2, 173; 1, 173 al.:

veste strictā et singulos artus exprimente,

and showing each limb, Tac. G. 17:

artus in frusta concident,

Vulg. Lev. 1, 6; 8, 20;

ib. Job, 16, 8.—Of plants: stat per se vitis sine ullo pedamento, artus suos in se colligens,

its tendrils, Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 13, where Jahn reads arcus.

artus (not arctus), a, um, adj. [v. arma], prop. fitted; hence,

Lit., close, strait, narrow, confined, short, brief:

exierunt regionibus artis,

Lucr. 6, 120:

claustra,

id. 1, 70; so id. 3, 808:

nec tamen haec ita sunt arta et astricta, ut ea laxare nequeamus,

Cic. Or. 65, 220:

artioribus apud populum Romanum laqueis tenebitur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

nullum vinculum ad astringendam fidem jure jurando majores artius esse voluerunt,

id. Off. 3, 31, 111:

compages,

Verg. A. 1, 293:

nexus,

Ov. M. 6, 242:

arto stipata theatro,

pressed together in a contracted theatre, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 60:

toga,

a narrow toga without folds, id. ib. 1, 18, 30 (cf. exigua toga, id. ib. 1, 19, 13):

nimis arta convivia,

i. e. with too many guests, who are therefore compelled to sit close together, id. ib. 1, 5, 29 et saep.—Hence, subst.: artum, i, n., a narrow place or passage:

ventus cum confercit, franguntur in arto montes nimborum,

Lucr. 6, 158 Lachm.:

multiplicatis in arto ordinibus,

Liv. 2, 50; so id. 34, 15:

nec desilies imitator in artum,

nor, by imitating, leap into a close place, Hor. A. P. 134.—

Trop., strict, severe, scanty, brief, small:

sponte suā cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

subjected himself to the severity of the laws, Lucr. 5, 1147:

Additae leges artae et ideo superbae quasque etc.,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 12:

vincula amoris artissima,

Cic. Att. 6, 2: artior somnus, a sounder or deeper sleep, id. Rep. 6, 10:

arti commeatus,

Liv. 2, 34; Tac. H. 4, 26; cf.:

in arto commeatus,

id. ib. 3, 13:

artissimae tenebrae,

very thick darkness, Suet. Ner. 46 (for which, in class. Lat., densus, v. Bremi ad h. l., and cf. densus) al.—So, colligere in artum, to compress, abridge:

quae (volumina) a me collecta in artum,

Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44.—Of hope, small, scanty:

spes artior aquae manantis,

Col. 1, 5, 2: ne spem sibi ponat in arto, diminish hope, expectation, [p. 169] Ov. M. 9, 683:

quia plus quam unum ex patriciis creari non licebat, artior petitio quattuor petentibus erat,

i. e. was harder, had less ground of hope, Liv. 39, 32; and of circumstances in life, etc., straitened, distressing, wretched, needy, indigent (so in and after the Aug. per. for the class. angustus):

rebus in artis,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 25:

artas res nuntiaret,

Tac. H. 3, 69:

tam artis afflictisque rebus,

Flor. 2, 6, 31; so Sil. 7, 310:

fortuna artior expensis,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 117:

ne in arto res esset,

Liv. 26, 17.— Adv.: artē (not arcte), closely, close, fast, firmly.

Lit.:

arte (manus) conliga,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 29:

boves arte ad stipites religare,

Col. 6, 2, 5:

arte continere aliquid,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

aciem arte statuere,

Sall. J. 52, 6:

arte accubare,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 39.— Comp.:

calorem artius continere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 25:

artius astringi,

Hor. Epod. 15, 5:

signa artius conlocare,

Sall. C. 59, 2:

artius ire,

Curt. 4, 13, 34:

artius pressiusque conflictari,

Gell. 10, 6.— Sup.:

milites quam artissime ire jubet,

Sall. J. 68, 4:

artissime plantas serere,

Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 16.—

Trop.:

arte contenteque aliquem habere,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63; id. Merc. prol. 64:

arte et graviter dormire,

soundly, Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:

arte appellare aliquem,

briefly, by shortening his name, Ov. P. 4, 12, 10:

artius adstringere rationem,

Cic. Fat. 14, 32:

abstinentiam artissime constringere,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8.—

Transf.:

arte diligere aliquem,

strongly, deeply, Plin. Ep. 6, 8; so also id. ib. 2, 13.

artus, ūs, m. [id.], mostly plur. (artua, n., Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 102; quoted in Non. p. 191, 12.—Hence, dat. acc. to Vel. Long. p. 2229 P. and Ter. Scaur. p. 2260 P. artibus; yet the ancient grammarians give their decision in favor of artubus, which form is also supported by the best MSS.; cf. arcus.—The singular is found only in Luc. 6, 754; Val. Fl. 4, 310, and Prisc. p. 1219 P.).

A.. Lit., a joint:

molles commissurae et artus (digitorum),

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150:

suffraginum artus,

Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248:

elapsi in pravum artus,

Tac. H. 4, 81:

dolor artuum,

gout, Cic. Brut. 60, 217.—Sometimes connected with membra, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 102:

copia materiaï Cogitur interdum flecti per membra, per artus,

in every joint and limb, Lucr. 2, 282; 3, 703 al.; Suet. Calig. 28; cf.

Baumg.-Crus., Clavis ad Suet.: cernere laceros artus, truncata membra,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5.—

Trop., the muscular strength in the joints; hence, in gen., strength, power: Epicharmeion illud teneto;

nervos atque artus esse sapientiae, non temere credere,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 10.—More freq.,

The limbs in gen. (very freq., esp. in the poets; in Lucr. about sixty times): cum tremulis anus attulit artubus lumen, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 36 Vahl.); so Lucr. 3, 7; cf. id. 3, 488; 6, 1189:

artubus omnibus contremiscam,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121: dum nati (sc. Absyrti) dissupatos artus captaret parens, vet. poet. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67:

copia concita per artus Omnīs,

Lucr. 2, 267:

moribundi artus,

id. 3, 129 al.:

rogumque parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus, etc.,

Ov. M. 2, 620 al.:

salsusque per artus Sudor iit,

Verg. A. 2, 173; 1, 173 al.:

veste strictā et singulos artus exprimente,

and showing each limb, Tac. G. 17:

artus in frusta concident,

Vulg. Lev. 1, 6; 8, 20;

ib. Job, 16, 8.—Of plants: stat per se vitis sine ullo pedamento, artus suos in se colligens,

its tendrils, Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 13, where Jahn reads arcus.

Astŭra, ae, m., = Astura.

A river in Asturia, now Esla, Flor. 4, 12, 54.—

A river (and f., an island and town) in Latium, near which Cicero had a villa, Cic. Att. 12, 40; id. Fam. 6, 19; Liv. 8, 13; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 57; cf. Mann. Ital. I. p. 620.

Bĕrŏē, ēs, f., = Beroê.

The nurse of Semele, Ov. M. 3, 278; Hyg. Fab. 167.—

One of the Oceanids, Verg. G. 4, 341.—

The wife of Doryclus of Epirus, Verg. A. 5, 620 Wagn.

cădo, cĕcĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( part. pres. gen. plur. cadentūm, Verg. A. 10, 674; 12, 410), v. n. [cf. Sanscr. çad-, to fall away].

Lit.

In an extended sense, to be driven or carried by one ' s weight from a higher to a lower point, to fall down, be precipitated, sink down, go down, sink, fall (so mostly poet.; in prose, in place of it, the compounds decĭdo, occĭdo, excĭdo, etc.; cf. also ruo, labor;

opp. surgo, sto): tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 25: (aves) praecipites cadunt in terram aut in aquam, fall headlong to the earth or into the water, Lucr. 6, 745; cf. id. 6, 828;

imitated by Verg.: (apes) praecipites cadunt,

Verg. G. 4, 80:

nimbus, Ut picis e caelo demissum flumen, in undas Sic cadit, etc.,

Lucr. 6, 258:

cadit in terras vis flammea,

id. 2, 215; so with in, id. 2, 209; 4, 1282; 6, 1006; 6, 1125; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:

in patrios pedes,

Ov. F. 2, 832.—With a different meaning:

omnes plerumque cadunt in vulnus,

in the direction of, towards their wound, Lucr. 4, 1049; cf.:

prolapsa in vulnus moribunda cecidit,

Liv. 1, 58, 11:

cadit in vultus,

Ov. M. 5, 292:

in pectus,

id. ib. 4, 579.—Less freq. with ad:

ad terras,

Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216:

ad terram,

Quint. 5, 10, 84.—The place from which is designated by ab, ex, de:

a summo cadere,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 15:

a mento cadit manus,

Ov. F. 3, 20:

aves ab alto,

Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112:

ut cadat (avis) e regione loci,

Lucr. 6, 824:

ex arbore,

Plin. 17, 20, 34, § 148; Dig. 50, 16, 30, § 4; 18, 1, 80, § 2:

cecidisse de equo dicitur,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

cadere de equo,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 125 (for which Cæsar, Nepos, and Pliny employ decidere):

de manibus arma cecidissent,

Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 21; cf.:

de manibus civium delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

Verg. E. 1, 84:

de caelo,

Lucr. 5, 791; Ov. M. 2, 322:

de matre (i. e. nasci),

Claud. in Rufin. 1, 92.—With per:

per inane profundum,

Lucr. 2, 222:

per aquas,

id. 2, 230:

per salebras altaque saxa,

Mart. 11, 91; cf.:

imbre per indignas usque cadente genas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 18.—With the adverb altius: altius atque cadant summotis nubibus imbres, and poured forth from a greater height, etc., Verg. E. 6, 38.—And absol.:

folia nunc cadunt,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 24; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12; Lucr. 6, 297:

ut pluere in multis regionibus et cadere imbres,

id. 6, 415:

cadens nix,

id. 3, 21; 3, 402:

velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

Liv. 1, 56, 12: quaeque ita concus [p. 259] sa est, ut jam casura putetur, Ov. P. 2, 3, 59:

cadentem Sustinuisse,

id. M. 8, 148:

saepius, of epileptics,

Plin. Val. 12, 58:

casuri, si leviter excutiantur, flosculi,

Quint. 12, 10, 73.—

Esp.

Of heavenly bodies, to decline, set (opp. orior), Ov. F. 1, 295:

oceani finem juxta solemque cadentem,

Verg. A. 4, 480; 8, 59; Tac. G. 45:

soli subjecta cadenti arva,

Avien. Descr. Orb. 273; cf. Tac. Agr. 12:

quā (nocte) tristis Orion cadit,

Hor. Epod. 10, 10:

Arcturus cadens,

id. C. 3, 1, 27.—

To separate from something by falling, to fall off or away, fall out, to drop off, be shed, etc.:

nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 57:

dentes cadere imperat aetas,

Lucr. 5, 671; Sen. Ep. 12, 3; 83, 3:

pueri qui primus ceciderit dens,

Plin. 28, 4, 9, § 41:

barba,

Verg. E. 1, 29:

quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo Lapsa cadunt folia,

id. A. 6, 310; cf. Cat. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 61:

lanigeris gregibus Sponte suā lanae cadunt,

Ov. M. 7, 541:

saetae,

id. ib. 14, 303:

quadrupedibus pilum cadere,

Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 231:

poma,

Ov. M. 7, 586:

cecidere manu quas legerat, herbae,

id. ib. 14, 350:

elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae,

id. ib. 9, 571:

et colus et fusus digitis cecidere remissis,

id. ib. 4, 229.—

Of a stream, to fall, empty itself:

amnis Aretho cadit in sinum maris,

Liv. 38, 4, 3; 38, 13, 6; 44, 31, 4:

flumina in pontum cadent,

Sen. Med. 406:

flumina in Hebrum cadentia,

Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 50:

tandem in alterum amnem cadit,

Curt. 6, 4, 6.—

Of dice, to be thrown or cast; to turn up:

illud, quod cecidit forte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 23 sq.; Liv. 2, 12, 16.—

Alicui (alicujus) ad pedes, to fall at one ' s feet in supplication, etc. (post-class. for abicio, proicio), Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 19; Eutr. 4, 7; Aug. Serm. 143, 4; Vulg. Joan. 11, 32 al.—

Super collum allcujus, to embrace (late Lat.), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20.—

In a more restricted sense.

To fall, to fall down, drop, fall to, be precipitated, etc.; to sink down, to sink, settle (the usual class. signif. in prose and poetry):

cadere in plano,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 17 sq.:

deorsum,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 89:

uspiam,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12:

Brutus, velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

Liv. 1, 56, 12; cf. id. 5, 21, 16; 1, 58, 12:

dum timent, ne aliquando cadant, semper jacent,

Quint. 8, 5, 32:

sinistrā manu sinum ad ima crura deduxit (Caesar), quo honestius caderet,

Suet. Caes. 82:

cadere supinus,

id. Aug. 43 fin.:

in pectus pronus,

Ov. M. 4, 579:

cadunt toti montes,

Lucr. 6, 546:

radicitus exturbata (pinus) prona cadit,

Cat. 64, 109:

concussae cadunt urbes,

Lucr. 5, 1236:

casura moenia Troum,

Ov. M. 13, 375; id. H. 13, 71:

multaque praeterea ceciderunt moenia magnis motibus in terris,

Lucr. 6, 588: languescunt omnia membra;

bracchia palpebraeque cadunt,

their arms and eyelids fall, id. 4, 953; 3, 596; so,

ceciderunt artus,

id. 3, 453:

sed tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent,

Cic. Dom. 52, 133; cf.:

oculos vigiliā fatigatos cadentesque in opere detineo,

Sen. Ep. 8, 1:

patriae cecidere manus,

Verg. A. 6, 33:

cur facunda parum decoro Inter verba cadit lingua silentio?

Hor. C. 4, 1, 36:

cecidere illis animique manusque,

Ov. M. 7, 347; Val. Fl. 1, 300; cf. II. F. infra.—

In a pregn. signif. (as in most langg., to fall in battle, to die), to fall so as to be unable to rise, to fall dead, to fall, die (opp. vivere), Prop. 2 (3), 28, 42 (usu. of those who die in battle;

hence most freq. in the histt.): hostes crebri cadunt,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 79 sq.:

aut in acie cadendum fuit aut in aliquas insidias incidendum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; Curt. 4, 1, 28; Ov. M. 7, 142:

ut cum dignitate potius cadamus quam cum ignominiā serviamus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

pauci de nostris cadunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15; id. B. C. 3, 53:

optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari,

Sall. J. 92, 8; so id. C. 60, 6; id. J. 54, 10; Nep. Paus. 1, 2; id. Thras. 2, 7; id. Dat. 1, 2; 6, 1; 8, 3; Liv. 10, 35, 15 and 19; 21, 7, 10; 23, 21, 7; 29, 14, 8; Tac. G. 33; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 27; Ov. M. 7, 142:

per acies,

Tac. A. 1, 2:

pro patriā,

Quint. 2, 15, 29:

ante diem,

Verg. A. 4, 620:

bipenni,

Ov. M. 12, 611:

ense,

Val. Fl. 1, 812.—Not in battle:

inque pio cadit officio,

Ov. M. 6, 250.—With abl. of means or instrument:

suoque Marte (i. e. suā manu) cadunt,

Ov. M. 3, 123; cf. Tac. A. 3, 42 fin.:

suā manu cecidit,

fell by his own hand, id. ib. 15, 71:

exitu voluntario,

id. H. 1, 40:

muliebri fraude cadere,

id. A. 2, 71: cecidere justā Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendae Flamma Chimaerae, Hor. C. 4, 2, 14 sq.:

manu femineā,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1179:

femineo Marte,

Ov. M. 12, 610.—With abl. of agent with ab:

torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat,

should be slain by, Ov. H. 9, 36; so id. M. 5, 192; Suet. Oth. 5:

a centurione volneribus adversis tamquam in pugnā,

Tac. A. 16, 9.—And without ab:

barbarae postquam cecidere turmae Thessalo victore,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; imitated by Claudian, IV. Cons. Hon. 89; Grat. Cyn. 315.—

Of victims, to be slain or offered, to be sacrificed, to fall ( poet.):

multa tibi ante aras nostrā cadet hostia dextrā,

Verg. A. 1, 334:

si tener pleno cadit haedus anno,

Hor. C. 3, 18, 5; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 4, 1, 15; Ov. M. 7, 162; 13, 615; id. F. 4, 653.—

In mal. part., = succumbo, to yield to, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 104; Tib. 4, 10, 2; Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 7.—

Matre cadens, just born ( poet.), Val. Fl. 1, 355; cf. of the custom of laying the new-born child at the father's feet: tellure cadens. Stat. S. 1, 2, 209; 5, 5, 69.

Trop.

To come or fall under, to fall, to be subject or exposed to something (more rare than its compound incidere, but class.); constr. usually with sub or in, sometimes with ad:

sub sensus cadere nostros,

i. e. to be perceived by the senses, Lucr. 1, 448:

sub sensum,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48: in cernendi sensum. id. Tim. 3:

sub oculos,

id. Or. 3, 9:

in conspectum,

to become visible, id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50:

sub aurium mensuram,

id. Or. 20, 67:

sponte suā (genus humanum) cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

subjected itself to law and the force of right, Lucr. 5, 1146; so id. 3, 848:

ad servitia,

Liv. 1, 40, 3:

utrorum ad regna,

Lucr. 3, 836; so,

sub imperium dicionemque Romanorum,

Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

in potestatem unius,

id. Att. 8, 3, 2:

in cogitationem,

to suggest itself to the thoughts, id. N. D. 1, 9, 21:

in hominum disceptationem,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

in deliberationem,

id. Off. 1, 3, 9:

in offensionem alicujus,

id. N. D. 1, 30, 85:

in morbum,

id. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

in suspitionem alicujus,

Nep. Paus. 2, 6:

in calumniam,

Quint. 9, 4, 57:

abrupte cadere in narrationem,

id. 4, 1, 79:

in peccatum,

Aug. in Psa. 65, 13.—

In gen.: in or sub aliquem or aliquid, to belong to any object, to be in accordance with, agree with, refer to, be suitable to, to fit, suit, become (so esp. freq. in philos. and rhet. lang.):

non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc pudorem, non in hanc vitam, non in hunc hominem ista suspitio,

Cic. Sull. 27, 75:

cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri, emolumenti sui causā?

id. Off. 3, 20, 81; so id. Cael. 29, 69; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

haec Academica... in personas non cadebant,

id. Att. 13, 19, 5:

qui pedes in orationem non cadere quī possunt?

id. Or. 56, 188:

neque in unam formam cadunt omnia,

id. ib. 11, 37; 57, 191; 27, 95; id. de Or. 3, 47, 182; Quint. 3, 7, 6; 4, 2, 37; 4, 2, 93; 6, prooem. § 5; 7, 2, 30 and 31; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 82:

heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus?

Verg. E. 9, 17; Cic. Or. 27, 95; 11, 37; Quint. 3, 5, 16; 3, 6, 91; 5, 10, 30; 6, 3, 52; 7, 2, 31; 9, 1, 7;

9, 3, 92: hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit, ut, etc.,

id. 2, 17, 32:

in iis rebus, quae sub eandem rationem cadunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 8, 3, 56.—

To fall upon a definite time (rare):

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, cum, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 10, 18.—Hence, in mercantile lang., of payments, to fall due: in eam diem cadere ( were due) nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4.—

(Acc. to I. 1. e.) Alicui, to fall to one (as by lot), fall to one ' s lot, happen to one, befall; and absol. (for accidere), to happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out (esp. in an unexpected manner; cf. accido; very freq. in prose and poetry).

Alicui:

nihil ipsis jure incommodi cadere possit,

Cic. Quint. 16, 51:

hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Att. 3, 1:

insperanti mihi, cecidit, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 96; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Mil. 30, 81:

mihi omnia semper honesta et jucunda ceciderunt,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

sunt, quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti,

Verg. G. 4, 165:

haec aliis maledicta cadant,

Tib. 1, 6, 85:

neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadunt,

Prop. 1, 10, 24:

ut illis... voluptas cadat dura inter saepe pericla,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 40: verba cadentia, uttered at random, id. Ep. 1, 18, 12.—

Ab sol., Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.;

Cic. Leg.2, 13, 33: verebar quorsum id casurum esset,

how it would turn out, id. Att. 3, 24:

aliorsum vota ceciderunt,

Flor. 2, 4, 5:

cum aliter res cecidisset ac putasses,

had turned out differently from what was expected, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1:

sane ita cadebat ut vellem,

id. Att. 3, 7, 1; id. Div. 2, 52, 107; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 73, Nep. Milt. 2, 5 Dähne:

cum, quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens, a furioso incepto eos deterreret,

Liv. 36, 34, 3; 22, 40, 3; 35, 13, 9; 38, 46, 6; Plin. Pan. 31, 1; Tac. A. 2, 80; 6, 8; Suet. Tib. 14 al.; Verg. A. 2, 709:

ut omnia fortiter fiant, feliciter cadant,

Sen. Suas. 2, p. 14:

multa. fortuito in melius casura,

Tac. A. 2, 77.—With adj.:

si non omnia caderent secunda,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

vota cadunt, i.e. rata sunt,

are fulfilled, realized, Tib. 2, 2, 17 (diff. from Prop. 1, 17, 4; v. under F.).—

With in and acc.: nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit (cf. metaballei), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—Esp.: in (ad) irritum or cassum, to be frustrated, fail, be or remain fruitless:

omnia in cassum cadunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; Lucr. 2, 1166:

ad irritum cadens spes,

Liv. 2, 6, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 26:

in irritum,

id. A. 15, 39; cf. with irritus, adj.:

ut irrita promissa ejus caderent,

Liv. 2, 31, 5:

haud irritae cecidere minae,

id. 6, 35, 10.—

To fall, to become less (in strength, power, worth, etc.), to decrease, diminish, lessen:

cadunt vires,

Lucr. 5, 410:

mercenarii milites pretia militiae casura in pace aegre ferebant,

Liv. 34, 36, 7.—More freq. in an extended signif. (acc. to I. B. 2.),

To lose all one ' s strength, worth, value, etc., to fall, to perish, vanish, decay, cease.

In gen.: pellis item cecidit, vestis contempta ferina. declined in value, Lucr. 5, 1417:

turpius est enim privatim cadere (i. e. fortunis everti) quam publice,

Cic. Att. 16, 15, 6; so id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

atque ea quidem tua laus pariter cum re publicā cecidit,

id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

tanta civitas, si cadet,

id. Har. Resp. 20, 42:

huc cecidisse Germanici exercitus gloriam, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 13:

non tibi ingredienti fines ira cecidit?

Liv. 2, 40, 7; Pers. 5, 91:

amicitia nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

animus,

to fail, Liv. 1, 11, 3; Ov. M. 11, 537; cf. id. ib. 7, 347:

non debemus ita cadere animis, etc.,

to lose courage, be disheartened, Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 4:

tam graviter,

id. Off. 1, 21, 73; cf. Sen. Ep. 8, 3.—Esp., to fail in speaking:

magnus orator est... minimeque in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit numquam cadet,

Cic. Or. 28, 98:

alte enim cadere non potest,

id. ib. —So in the lang. of the jurists, causā or formulā, to lose one ' s cause or suit:

causā cadere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 19, 57; so id. de Or. 1, 36, 166 sq.; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 17; Luc. 2, 554; Suet. Calig. 39:

formulā cadere,

Sen. Ep. 48, 10; Quint. 3, 6, 69.—With in:

ita quemquam cadere in judicio, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 28, 58.—Also absol.:

cadere,

Tac. H. 4, 6; and:

criminibus repetundarum,

id. ib. 1, 77:

conjurationis crimine,

id. A. 6, 14:

ut cecidit Fortuna Phrygum,

Ov. M. 13, 435:

omniaque ingrato litore vota cadunt, i. e. irrita sunt,

remain unfulfilled, unaccomplished, Prop. 1, 17, 4 (diff. from Tib. 2, 2, 17; v. above, D. 2.); cf.:

at mea nocturno verba cadunt zephyro,

Prop. 1, 16, 34:

multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula,

to fall into disuse, grow out of date, Hor. A. P. 70 —Hence of theatrical representations, to fall through, to fail, be condemned (opp. stare, to win applause;

the fig. derived from combatants): securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176.— Impers.. periculum est, ne cadatur, Aug. Don. Persev. 1.—

Esp. of the wind (opp. surgo), to abate, subside, die away, etc.:

cadit Eurus et umida surgunt Nubila,

Ov. M. 8, 2:

ventus premente nebulā cecidit,

Liv. 29, 27, 10:

cadente jam Euro,

id. 25, 27, 11:

venti vis omnis cecidit,

id. 26, 39, 8:

ubi primum aquilones ceciderunt,

id. 36, 43, 11; cf.:

sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor,

Verg. A. 1, 154:

ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae,

id. E. 9, 58; id. G. 1, 354 Serv. and Wagn.—

Rhet. and gram. t. t. of words, syllables, clauses, etc., to be terminated, end, close:

verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; 67, 223: qua (littera [p. 260] sc. m) nullum Graece verbum cadit, Quint. 12, 10, 31:

plerique censent cadere tantum numerose oportere terminarique sententiam,

Cic. Or. 59, 199; so id. Brut. 8, 34:

apto cadens oratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 32:

numerus opportune cadens,

id. 9, 4, 27:

ultima syllaba in gravem vel duas graves cadit semper,

id. 12, 10, 33 Spald.: similiter cadentia = omoioptôta, the ending of words with the same cases or verbal forms, diff. from similiter desinentia = omoioteleuta, similar endings of any kind, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Or. 34, 135; Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28; Quint. 9, 4, 42; cf. id. 9, 4, 18; 9, 3, 78; 9, 3, 79; 1, 7, 23; Aquil. Rom. Figur. §§ 25 and 26.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.