sama

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

Sămărīa, ae, f., = Samareia (orig. Heb.), the middle district of Palestine, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.—Hence,

Să-mărītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of Samaria, the Samaritans, Tac. A. 12, 54; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 29.—In sing.: Sămărī-tes, ae, m., a Samaritan, Hadr. ap. Vop. Sat. 8.—

Sămărītis, ĭdis, f., a Samaritan woman, Juvenc. 2, 246; 252; Alcim. 3, 405.—

Sămărītānus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

via,

Sedul. 4, 222.—In plur., the Samaritans, Vulg. 2 Esd. 4, 2.—

Sămărītĭcus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

mulier,

Juvenc. 2, 256.—

Sămă-rēus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

superstitio,

Cassiod. Var. 3, 45.

Sămărīa, ae, f., = Samareia (orig. Heb.), the middle district of Palestine, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.—Hence,

Să-mărītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of Samaria, the Samaritans, Tac. A. 12, 54; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 29.—In sing.: Sămărī-tes, ae, m., a Samaritan, Hadr. ap. Vop. Sat. 8.—

Sămărītis, ĭdis, f., a Samaritan woman, Juvenc. 2, 246; 252; Alcim. 3, 405.—

Sămărītānus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

via,

Sedul. 4, 222.—In plur., the Samaritans, Vulg. 2 Esd. 4, 2.—

Sămărītĭcus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

mulier,

Juvenc. 2, 256.—

Sămă-rēus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

superstitio,

Cassiod. Var. 3, 45.

Sămărīa, ae, f., = Samareia (orig. Heb.), the middle district of Palestine, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.—Hence,

Să-mărītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of Samaria, the Samaritans, Tac. A. 12, 54; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 29.—In sing.: Sămărī-tes, ae, m., a Samaritan, Hadr. ap. Vop. Sat. 8.—

Sămărītis, ĭdis, f., a Samaritan woman, Juvenc. 2, 246; 252; Alcim. 3, 405.—

Sămărītānus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

via,

Sedul. 4, 222.—In plur., the Samaritans, Vulg. 2 Esd. 4, 2.—

Sămărītĭcus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

mulier,

Juvenc. 2, 256.—

Sămă-rēus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

superstitio,

Cassiod. Var. 3, 45.

Sămărīa, ae, f., = Samareia (orig. Heb.), the middle district of Palestine, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.—Hence,

Să-mărītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of Samaria, the Samaritans, Tac. A. 12, 54; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 29.—In sing.: Sămărī-tes, ae, m., a Samaritan, Hadr. ap. Vop. Sat. 8.—

Sămărītis, ĭdis, f., a Samaritan woman, Juvenc. 2, 246; 252; Alcim. 3, 405.—

Sămărītānus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

via,

Sedul. 4, 222.—In plur., the Samaritans, Vulg. 2 Esd. 4, 2.—

Sămărītĭcus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

mulier,

Juvenc. 2, 256.—

Sămă-rēus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

superstitio,

Cassiod. Var. 3, 45.

Sămărīa, ae, f., = Samareia (orig. Heb.), the middle district of Palestine, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.—Hence,

Să-mărītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of Samaria, the Samaritans, Tac. A. 12, 54; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 29.—In sing.: Sămărī-tes, ae, m., a Samaritan, Hadr. ap. Vop. Sat. 8.—

Sămărītis, ĭdis, f., a Samaritan woman, Juvenc. 2, 246; 252; Alcim. 3, 405.—

Sămărītānus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

via,

Sedul. 4, 222.—In plur., the Samaritans, Vulg. 2 Esd. 4, 2.—

Sămărītĭcus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

mulier,

Juvenc. 2, 256.—

Sămă-rēus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

superstitio,

Cassiod. Var. 3, 45.

Sămărīa, ae, f., = Samareia (orig. Heb.), the middle district of Palestine, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.—Hence,

Să-mărītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of Samaria, the Samaritans, Tac. A. 12, 54; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 29.—In sing.: Sămărī-tes, ae, m., a Samaritan, Hadr. ap. Vop. Sat. 8.—

Sămărītis, ĭdis, f., a Samaritan woman, Juvenc. 2, 246; 252; Alcim. 3, 405.—

Sămărītānus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

via,

Sedul. 4, 222.—In plur., the Samaritans, Vulg. 2 Esd. 4, 2.—

Sămărītĭcus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

mulier,

Juvenc. 2, 256.—

Sămă-rēus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

superstitio,

Cassiod. Var. 3, 45.

Sămărīa, ae, f., = Samareia (orig. Heb.), the middle district of Palestine, Plin. 5, 13, 14, § 68.—Hence,

Să-mărītae, ārum, m., the inhabitants of Samaria, the Samaritans, Tac. A. 12, 54; Vulg. 4 Reg. 17, 29.—In sing.: Sămărī-tes, ae, m., a Samaritan, Hadr. ap. Vop. Sat. 8.—

Sămărītis, ĭdis, f., a Samaritan woman, Juvenc. 2, 246; 252; Alcim. 3, 405.—

Sămărītānus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

via,

Sedul. 4, 222.—In plur., the Samaritans, Vulg. 2 Esd. 4, 2.—

Sămărītĭcus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

mulier,

Juvenc. 2, 256.—

Sămă-rēus, a, um, adj., Samaritan:

superstitio,

Cassiod. Var. 3, 45.

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.

Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.

After a plural subject:

hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:

multa concurrunt simul,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:

(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,

id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

tres simul soles effulserunt,

Liv. 41, 21 fin.:

tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,

Curt. 9, 10, 7:

duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,

Quint. 11, 1, 69:

Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,

Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:

multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:

quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—

With a plur. object:

(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,

Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:

duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:

si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

ambo cum simul conspicimus,

Liv. 40, 46 init.:

simul omnibus portis erupit,

id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:

tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,

Liv. 6, 4, 6:

totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,

Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:

igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,

Sall. J. 101, 1.—

Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:

omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,

Liv. 6, 35, 6:

multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,

id. 43, 6, 1.—

Referring to an attributive participle understood:

multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),

Liv. 44, 45:

trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),

id. 6, 4, 1:

inter duo simul bella,

id. 7, 27, 7:

tot simul malis victi,

Curt. 4, 4, 12.

Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:

novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:

jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,

id. Most. 4, 2, 26:

qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?

id. Am. 2, 2, 122:

me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:

quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:

simul consilium cum re amisti?

id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,

Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:

Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,

id. Brut. 64, 230:

cum corporibus simul animos interire,

id. Lael. 4, 13:

vobiscum simul considerantis,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,

id. Mil. 18, 48:

simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

simul cum lumine pandit,

id. Arat. 704 (452):

simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,

Sall. C. 2, 5:

cum anima simul,

id. ib. 33, 4:

simul cum occasu solis,

id. J. 91, 2:

simul cum dono designavit templi finis,

Liv. 1, 10, 5:

si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,

id. 8, 31, 7:

ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,

id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:

quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:

qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:

in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:

cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,

Liv. 5, 13, 13:

extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):

simul his,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:

quippe simul nobis habitat,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:

his simul,

Sil. 3, 268:

Magnetibus simul transmissi,

Tac. A. 4, 55:

quindecimviri septemviris simul,

id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.

Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:

juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:

quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),

id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:

quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:

ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,

id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:

domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.

Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.

Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.

Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):

semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:

Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:

dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,

Liv. 40, 16 init.:

quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,

id. 6, 27, 9:

Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,

id. 41, 6 fin.:

Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,

id. 8, 19, 11:

simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,

id. 10, 40, 1:

eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,

id. 6, 11, 3:

obruit animum simul luctus metusque,

id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:

simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,

Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;

or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—

Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):

nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:

faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:

ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,

Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—

Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):

convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:

oculis simul ac mente turbatum,

Liv. 7, 26, 5:

quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,

id. 8, 39, 7:

pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,

Curt. 3, 5, 2:

terrestri simul navalique clade,

id. 4, 3, 14:

vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:

qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,

Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:

populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,

Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—

Placed before the last term.

Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:

Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,

Sall. J. 97, 1:

Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,

id. ib. 73, 2:

Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,

id. ib. 84, 5:

milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,

id. ib. 92, 2:

Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,

Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—

Simulque (rare):

ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,

Curt. 8, 10, 25.—

Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):

Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:

Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,

Cic. Arat. 270 (36):

inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,

id. ib. 342 (101):

ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,

Tac. H. 2, 83. —

Inserted in the last term ( poet.):

memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;

interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,

id. S. 1, 5, 32.—

Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.

Et simul or simulque:

contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,

i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:

quod... et simul quia,

Lucr. 5, 1181:

ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,

id. 5, 1213:

sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:

ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,

id. Arat. 713 (460):

postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,

Sall. J. 52, 6:

equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,

Liv. 3, 62, 8:

tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,

id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—

Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:

salve! simul autem vale!

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;

simul enim augebimus diligentiam,

Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—

Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:

simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,

Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:

illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,

id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:

simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,

Sall. J. 91, 1:

nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,

Liv. 32, 18, 3:

simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,

id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—

Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:

Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:

tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:

quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,

id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.

Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).

Simul alone:

ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:

sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:

alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23:

Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,

Liv. 7, 32, 3:

tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,

id. 5, 21, 3.—

More freq. simul et (= etiam):

quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:

nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65:

demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 4:

legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,

Liv. 41, 19 med.:

ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,

id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.

Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;

freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:

omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;

simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,

Sall. C. 19, 2:

cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,

id. J. 4, 2:

nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,

Liv. 39, 47:

a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,

Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;

2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,

Sall. C. 16, 4:

hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,

id. J. 25, 5:

ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,

Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:

equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,

Curt. 4, 10, 11:

Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,

Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:

committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.

Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).

With independent clauses:

simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,

Liv. 3, 5, 2:

accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,

id. 21, 26, 7:

ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,

id. 9, 25, 8:

simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,

Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—

With dependent clauses:

venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,

Liv. 39, 46 fin.:

Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,

id. 44, 13 init.:

consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,

id. 44, 8, 1:

simul questi... simul nuntiantes,

id. 42, 46:

plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,

Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—

Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:

Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13:

Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,

Liv. 40, 21, 1. —

Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:

cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,

Liv. 2, 10, 10:

ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,

id. 42, 52 med.:

et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,

id. 5, 10, 3:

increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,

id. 2, 65, 4:

tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,

id. 21, 33, 5:

inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,

id. 41, 11:

simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,

id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.

Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,

sĭmŭlac

, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.

Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:

Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:

non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,

id. Caecil. 16, 46:

dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,

id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:

Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,

Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:

at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):

simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—

Simul atque:

L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,

id. Mur. 10, 22:

simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:

simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,

id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:

simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,

id. Quint. 5, 18:

qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—

Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):

simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,

id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):

simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,

id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:

nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,

id. Arat. 596 (349).—

Simul et:

simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:

ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,

id. ib. 10, 4, 12:

quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,

id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,

omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—

Simul ubi:

quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,

Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—

Simul alone, = simul atque:

simul herbae inceperint nasci,

Cato, R. R. 48:

hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):

simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,

Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:

simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,

Liv. 6, 1, 6:

simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,

id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.

Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.

After a plural subject:

hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:

multa concurrunt simul,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:

(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,

id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

tres simul soles effulserunt,

Liv. 41, 21 fin.:

tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,

Curt. 9, 10, 7:

duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,

Quint. 11, 1, 69:

Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,

Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:

multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:

quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—

With a plur. object:

(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,

Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:

duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:

si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

ambo cum simul conspicimus,

Liv. 40, 46 init.:

simul omnibus portis erupit,

id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:

tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,

Liv. 6, 4, 6:

totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,

Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:

igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,

Sall. J. 101, 1.—

Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:

omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,

Liv. 6, 35, 6:

multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,

id. 43, 6, 1.—

Referring to an attributive participle understood:

multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),

Liv. 44, 45:

trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),

id. 6, 4, 1:

inter duo simul bella,

id. 7, 27, 7:

tot simul malis victi,

Curt. 4, 4, 12.

Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:

novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:

jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,

id. Most. 4, 2, 26:

qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?

id. Am. 2, 2, 122:

me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:

quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:

simul consilium cum re amisti?

id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,

Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:

Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,

id. Brut. 64, 230:

cum corporibus simul animos interire,

id. Lael. 4, 13:

vobiscum simul considerantis,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,

id. Mil. 18, 48:

simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

simul cum lumine pandit,

id. Arat. 704 (452):

simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,

Sall. C. 2, 5:

cum anima simul,

id. ib. 33, 4:

simul cum occasu solis,

id. J. 91, 2:

simul cum dono designavit templi finis,

Liv. 1, 10, 5:

si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,

id. 8, 31, 7:

ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,

id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:

quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:

qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:

in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:

cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,

Liv. 5, 13, 13:

extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):

simul his,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:

quippe simul nobis habitat,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:

his simul,

Sil. 3, 268:

Magnetibus simul transmissi,

Tac. A. 4, 55:

quindecimviri septemviris simul,

id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.

Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:

juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:

quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),

id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:

quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:

ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,

id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:

domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.

Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.

Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.

Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):

semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:

Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:

dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,

Liv. 40, 16 init.:

quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,

id. 6, 27, 9:

Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,

id. 41, 6 fin.:

Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,

id. 8, 19, 11:

simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,

id. 10, 40, 1:

eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,

id. 6, 11, 3:

obruit animum simul luctus metusque,

id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:

simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,

Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;

or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—

Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):

nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:

faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:

ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,

Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—

Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):

convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:

oculis simul ac mente turbatum,

Liv. 7, 26, 5:

quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,

id. 8, 39, 7:

pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,

Curt. 3, 5, 2:

terrestri simul navalique clade,

id. 4, 3, 14:

vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:

qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,

Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:

populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,

Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—

Placed before the last term.

Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:

Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,

Sall. J. 97, 1:

Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,

id. ib. 73, 2:

Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,

id. ib. 84, 5:

milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,

id. ib. 92, 2:

Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,

Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—

Simulque (rare):

ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,

Curt. 8, 10, 25.—

Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):

Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:

Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,

Cic. Arat. 270 (36):

inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,

id. ib. 342 (101):

ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,

Tac. H. 2, 83. —

Inserted in the last term ( poet.):

memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;

interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,

id. S. 1, 5, 32.—

Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.

Et simul or simulque:

contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,

i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:

quod... et simul quia,

Lucr. 5, 1181:

ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,

id. 5, 1213:

sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:

ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,

id. Arat. 713 (460):

postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,

Sall. J. 52, 6:

equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,

Liv. 3, 62, 8:

tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,

id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—

Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:

salve! simul autem vale!

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;

simul enim augebimus diligentiam,

Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—

Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:

simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,

Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:

illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,

id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:

simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,

Sall. J. 91, 1:

nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,

Liv. 32, 18, 3:

simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,

id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—

Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:

Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:

tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:

quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,

id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.

Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).

Simul alone:

ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:

sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:

alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23:

Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,

Liv. 7, 32, 3:

tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,

id. 5, 21, 3.—

More freq. simul et (= etiam):

quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:

nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65:

demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 4:

legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,

Liv. 41, 19 med.:

ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,

id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.

Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;

freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:

omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;

simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,

Sall. C. 19, 2:

cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,

id. J. 4, 2:

nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,

Liv. 39, 47:

a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,

Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;

2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,

Sall. C. 16, 4:

hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,

id. J. 25, 5:

ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,

Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:

equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,

Curt. 4, 10, 11:

Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,

Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:

committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.

Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).

With independent clauses:

simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,

Liv. 3, 5, 2:

accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,

id. 21, 26, 7:

ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,

id. 9, 25, 8:

simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,

Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—

With dependent clauses:

venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,

Liv. 39, 46 fin.:

Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,

id. 44, 13 init.:

consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,

id. 44, 8, 1:

simul questi... simul nuntiantes,

id. 42, 46:

plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,

Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—

Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:

Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13:

Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,

Liv. 40, 21, 1. —

Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:

cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,

Liv. 2, 10, 10:

ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,

id. 42, 52 med.:

et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,

id. 5, 10, 3:

increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,

id. 2, 65, 4:

tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,

id. 21, 33, 5:

inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,

id. 41, 11:

simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,

id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.

Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,

sĭmŭlac

, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.

Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:

Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:

non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,

id. Caecil. 16, 46:

dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,

id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:

Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,

Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:

at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):

simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—

Simul atque:

L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,

id. Mur. 10, 22:

simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:

simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,

id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:

simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,

id. Quint. 5, 18:

qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—

Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):

simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,

id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):

simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,

id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:

nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,

id. Arat. 596 (349).—

Simul et:

simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:

ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,

id. ib. 10, 4, 12:

quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,

id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,

omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—

Simul ubi:

quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,

Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—

Simul alone, = simul atque:

simul herbae inceperint nasci,

Cato, R. R. 48:

hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):

simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,

Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:

simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,

Liv. 6, 1, 6:

simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,

id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

sēsămum ( sīsăm-), i, n., = sêsamon.

Sesame or sesamum, an oily plant, a native of the East, Col. 2, 10, 18; 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 56; 12, 15, 3; Pall. Sept. 7; id. Oct. 1, 3; Cels. 5, 15; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 113; Petr. 1 fin. —Collat. form sēsĭma or sē-săma, ae, f., = sêsamê, Col. 2, 7, 1; Plin. 15, 7, 7, § 30; 18, 7, 10, § 49; 18, 10, 22, § 96, and 18, 10, 23, § 98.—

Sesamum silvestre, another name for cici, the palma Christi, castor-oil plant, Plin. 15, 7, 7, § 25.

sēsămum ( sīsăm-), i, n., = sêsamon.

Sesame or sesamum, an oily plant, a native of the East, Col. 2, 10, 18; 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 56; 12, 15, 3; Pall. Sept. 7; id. Oct. 1, 3; Cels. 5, 15; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 113; Petr. 1 fin. —Collat. form sēsĭma or sē-săma, ae, f., = sêsamê, Col. 2, 7, 1; Plin. 15, 7, 7, § 30; 18, 7, 10, § 49; 18, 10, 22, § 96, and 18, 10, 23, § 98.—

Sesamum silvestre, another name for cici, the palma Christi, castor-oil plant, Plin. 15, 7, 7, § 25.

sĭmĭlis, e, adj. [Sanscr. samā, together; Gr. hama, omoios; Lat. simul, simulare; cf. simia], like, resembling, similar (cf. par); constr. with gen. (so usu. in ante-Aug. Lat.), with dat. (rare in Cic., except with neuter nouns), with inter, atque, and absol.

With gen. (mostly ante - Aug.; so always in Plaut. and Ter.; cf. Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 7; but in Cic. almost exclusively of living beings; yet always veri simile; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12);

of persons: similes avorum,

Lucr. 4, 1218:

nimis simili'st mei,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 286; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 226:

ecquid mei similist (puer)?

id. Truc. 2, 6, 24 Speng.:

omnis inveniri similis tui vis,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 50 Brix:

ita est istaec (amica) hujus similis nostrae tua,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 39:

alia ejus similis,

id. ib. 2, 5, 38:

similis est Sagaristionis,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 14:

hominis similis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; Val. Max. 9, 14, 2:

symbolum ejus similem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 55:

sui similem speciem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

sui similis res,

Lucr. 5, 830:

volo me patris mei similem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 53: patris similem esse. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30:

non tam potuit patris similis esse, quam ille fuerat sui,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121: quaererem ex eo, cujus suorum similis fuisset Africani fratris nepos; facie vel patris, vitā omnium perditorum ita similis, ut esset facile deterrimus;

cujus etiam similis P. Crassi nepos, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 18:

est similis majorum suorum,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 57:

haud similis virgo est virginum nostrarum,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 22: haud parasitorum aliorum simil'est, Naev. ap. Non. 224, 26:

virum non similem furis hujus,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 91:

domini similis es,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 43:

in magistratu privatorum similes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

multi Gnathonum similes cum sint,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

plures Romuli quam Numae similes reges,

Liv. 1, 20:

ut sis tu similis Coeli Byrrhique latronum, Non ego sim Capri neque Sulci,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 69 et saep.:

deos esse tui similes putas?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 128; so,

tui,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 16; Liv. 22, 39:

nostri similes,

id. 26, 50:

sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7; cf.:

alterum similem sui quaerere,

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

nihil est appetentius similium sui quam natura,

id. ib. 14, 50:

quam uterque est similis sui!

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 16:

tui similem esse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 6:

sui similis gens,

Tac. G. 4.—Of things:

tam similem quam lacte lactist (i. e. lactis est, Brix ad loc.),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 85:

haec atque hujus similia alia damna,

id. ib. 3, 1, 105:

perpulchra credo dona aut nostri similia,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 15 Umpfenb.:

quid habet illius carminis simile haec oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

si fabularum similia didicimus,

id. ib.:

paupertatem, ignominiam, similia horum,

id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

similes meorum versus,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 3:

nonne hoc monstri simile'st?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 43; so,

monstri,

id. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 61:

prodigii,

Cic. Lig. 4, 11:

narrationem veri similem,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 83; cf.

Cels. ap. Cuint. 2, 15, 32: simile veri,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

quae similia veri sint,

Liv. 5, 21 Drak. N. cr.; v. verus, and cf. also in the foll.—In comparing persons with things:

hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere... Novarum aedium esse arbitror similem ego hominem,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6 sq.:

amator simil'est oppidi hostilis,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 68:

meretricem esse similem sentis condecet,

id. ib. 2, 1, 16: tu pueri pausilli simili'es, Nov. ap. Non. 224, 28:

equi te Esse feri similem dico,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 57.— Comp.: hominem hominis similiorem numquam vid: ego alterum, Neque aqua aquae, neque lac [p. 1701] test lactis usquam similius, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 29 sq. Brix ad loc.:

Rhodii Atticorum similiores,

Cic. Brut. 13, 52.— Sup.:

hic noster quaestus aucupii simillimu'st,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 63; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 72:

meretrix fortunati oppidi,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 82:

tener et lactens puerique simillimus aevo,

Ov. M. 15, 201:

simillima societas hereditatis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 55:

quid esset simillimum veri,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11.—

With dat. (of both persons and things; freq., and in post-Aug. writers almost always; not in Plaut. or Ter. acc. to Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 570 sq.; 579 sq.; but contra, v. Ussing ad Plaut. Am. v. 595): simia quam similis nobis, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97 (Sat. v. 45 Vahl.):

patri suo,

Cat. 61, 221; cf.:

similis quidem (genitos) alios avo et ex geminis quoque alterum patri, alterum matri, annoque post genitum majori similem fuisse ut geminum. Quasdam sibi similis semper parere, quasdam viro, quasdam nulli, quasdam feminam patri, marem sibi,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 51:

similis malo est,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 36: Terentio non similem dices quempiam, Afran. ap. Suet. Vit. Ter. fin.:

filius patri similis,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12 Madv. N. cr.:

sit suo similis patri,

Cat. 61, 217:

patri,

Ov. M. 6, 622:

parentibus ac majoribus suis,

Quint. 5, 10, 24:

par similisque ceteris,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

huic in hoc similis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

similes Icilio,

Liv. 3, 65:

hinnuleo,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 1:

puro te similem vespero petit Rhode,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

multum similis metuenti,

id. S. 2, 5, 92:

fluctuanti,

Liv. 6, 13 Drak.:

flenti,

Ov. M. 3, 652:

cognoscenti,

id. ib. 2, 501:

roganti,

id. ib. 3, 240:

cogitantibus et dubitantibus,

Quint. 11, 2, 47:

ediscenti,

id. 11, 2, 46:

legenti,

id. 11, 2, 32 et saep.—Of things:

res similis nostris rebus,

Lucr. 5, 435:

quid simile habet epistula aut judicio aut contioni?

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

quid illi simile bello fuit?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

qui non Fescennino versu (i. e. versui) similem jaciebant,

Liv. 7, 2 Drak. N. cr.:

argumentum vero simile comoediae,

Quint. 2, 4, 2; cf.:

similia veris erant,

Liv. 10, 20, 5:

partim vera partim mixta eoque similia veris,

id. 29, 20, 1; 8, 20, 5:

cui vitio simile sit schema, ut, etc.,

Quint. 9, 3, 10:

primus (iambus) ad extremum similis sibi,

Hor. A. P. 254:

versus sibi,

Quint. 9, 4, 60:

oratio fuit precibus quam jurgio similis, similior,

Liv. 3, 40 Drak. N. cr.—Comp.:

flunt omnia castris quam urbi similiora,

Liv. 4, 31 fin.:

similius vero facit ipsos in amicitiam redisse,

id. 8, 26, 6; 10, 26, 13; Quint. 3, 8, 31.— Sup.:

puro simillimus amni,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

media simillima veris sunt,

Liv. 26, 49:

simillimum id vero fecit,

id. 44, 30, 4.—

With gen. and dat. together:

tum similes matrum materno semine fiunt, Ut patribus patrio,

Lucr. 4, 1211:

neque lac lacti magis est simile quam ille ego similis est mei,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 54 Ussing ad loc.:

deos hominum quam homines deorum, hoc illi, illud huic,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

itaque plectri similem linguam nostri solent dicere, chordarum dentis, naris cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 59, 149; cf. under e.—

In a doubtful construction. On account of the form:

fugae similis profectio,

Caes. B. G. 5, 47; 6, 7; 7, 43 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 13 et saep.—Because of an unsettled reading:

similem Caesaris (or Caesari),

Suet. Caes. 52.—

With in and acc.:

in speciem Junonis,

App. M. 10, p. 253 fin. —

With inter:

homines inter se cum formā tum moribus similes,

Cic. Clu. 16, 46; so,

homines inter se (opp. differentes),

Quint. 12, 10, 22:

(catulos) Inter se similes,

Ov. M. 13, 835:

quae sunt inter se similia,

Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206:

res inter se similes,

Quint. 9, 2, 51.—In a twofold construction:

nihil est unum uni tam simile, tam par, quam omnes inter nosmetipsos sumus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

sunt inter se similia, sed non etiam prioribus,

Quint. 9, 3, 49.—

With atque ( ac), et, ut si, tamquam si:

si quid docere vis, aliquid ab isto simile in aestimatione atque a ceteris esse factum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 193:

ut simili ratione atque ipse fecerit suas injurias persequantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38 fin.:

nec similem habeat vultum, et si ampullam perdidisset,

Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 31;

v. Madv. ad h. l.: similes sunt, ut si qui dicant, etc.,

id. Sen. 6, 17:

similes sunt di, tamquam si Poeni, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 64, 131.—

Absol.:

decet facta moresque hujus habere me similes,

Plaut. Am 1, 1, 114:

ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aeque sumi, quam haec est atque ista,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 68 Brix ad loc.:

ita formā simili pueri (gemini), ut, etc.,

id. Men. prol. 19:

meus est (puer), nimium quidem simili'st,

id. Truc. 2, 6, 26:

laudantur simili prole puerperae,

i. e. that look like their fathers, Hor. C. 4, 5, 23:

ecce similia omnia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 34:

par est avaritia, similis improbitas,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118;

but cf., in a more restricted sense: similia omnia magis quam paria,

Liv. 45, 43:

ad quam (amicitiam) se similis animus applicet,

Cic. Lael. 14, 48:

sicut erat in simili causā antea factum,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

quod in simili culpā versabantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

simili ratione,

id. B. G. 7, 4; id. B. C. 3, 76 al.:

similem esse te volo quomodo filium, non quomodo imaginem,

Sen. Ep. 84, 8:

ecce aliud simile, dissimile,

Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

si quis Aristotelem similem emit,

a likeness of Aristotle, Juv. 2, 6; cf.:

tabella, in quā tam similem videbis Issam, ut sit tam similis sibi nec ipsa,

Mart. 1, 109, 19 sq.; 7, 87, 4:

te similem,

your likeness, Stat. S. 3, 3, 201; 5, 1, 1.— Poet., adverb. (=similiter):

similis medios Juturna per hostīs Fertur,

Verg. A. 12, 477.— Comp.:

similiorem mulierem Magisque eandem non reor deos facere posse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 48:

nihil hoc simile est similius,

id. Am. 1, 1, 290. — Sup.:

simillimos dicito esse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91.—Hence, subst.: sĭmĭle, is, n.

A comparison, likeness, parallel case, or example:

quo facilius res perspici possit hoc simile ponitur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54:

utuntur simili,

id. ib. 3, 14, 46:

nec improbum sit pro simili accipi, quod plus sit,

Quint. 7, 1, 61:

qui memoriam ab aliquo simili transferunt ad id, quod, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 30 et saep.:

ignavi et erepti et similia,

id. 1, 5, 69; 1, 6, 2; 2, 4, 26; 3, 5, 16 et saep.; cf.:

latitatio, metus, similia,

id. 7, 2, 46:

de philosophiā, de republicā, similibus,

id. 9, 4, 19; 11, 3, 153.—

Resemblance, simile et majus est et par et minus, Quint. 7, 8, 7.— Adv. in two forms, simulter (ante-class.) and similiter (class.).

sĭmulter, in like manner, similarly:

exossabo ego illum simulter itidem ut muraenam coquos,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 148 (cited ap. Non. 170, 25: simulter pro similiter); v. Ritschl ad Plaut. 1. 1.—

sĭmĭlĭter, in like manner, similarly (syn. pariter).

Absol. (so most freq.):

ecquid adsimulo similiter?

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 37:

similiter atque uno modo,

Cic. Brut. 66, 233:

illa quae similiter desinunt aut quae cadunt similiter,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Tusc. 4, 11, 25:

si non similiter semper ingrediamur in argumentationem,

id. Inv. 1, 41, 76:

addunt etiam C. Marium... Similiter vos, cum, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 14:

quorum non similiter fides est nec justitia laudata,

id. Rep. 2, 36, 61 et saep.— Comp.: scurram multo similius imitatum, more perfectly or naturally, Phaedr. 5, 5, 34.— Sup.:

ut, etc.... simillime, etc.,

just so, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—

With atque ( ac), et, ut si:

neque vero illum similiter, atque ipse eram, commotum esse vidi,

Cic. Phil. 1, 4, 9; id. Ac. 2, 23, 72; Quint. 3, 7, 26:

similiter facis, ac si me roges, cur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

similiter facere eos... ut si nautae certarent, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 25, 87:

similiter facit ut si posse putet,

id. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

similiter et si dicat, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 21; v. Madv. ad h. l.— Sup.:

hic excipit Pompeium, simillime atque ut illā lege Glaucippus excipitur,

Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 13.—

With dat.:

similiter his, etc.,

Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.

sĭmĭlis, e, adj. [Sanscr. samā, together; Gr. hama, omoios; Lat. simul, simulare; cf. simia], like, resembling, similar (cf. par); constr. with gen. (so usu. in ante-Aug. Lat.), with dat. (rare in Cic., except with neuter nouns), with inter, atque, and absol.

With gen. (mostly ante - Aug.; so always in Plaut. and Ter.; cf. Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 7; but in Cic. almost exclusively of living beings; yet always veri simile; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12);

of persons: similes avorum,

Lucr. 4, 1218:

nimis simili'st mei,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 286; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 226:

ecquid mei similist (puer)?

id. Truc. 2, 6, 24 Speng.:

omnis inveniri similis tui vis,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 50 Brix:

ita est istaec (amica) hujus similis nostrae tua,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 39:

alia ejus similis,

id. ib. 2, 5, 38:

similis est Sagaristionis,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 14:

hominis similis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; Val. Max. 9, 14, 2:

symbolum ejus similem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 55:

sui similem speciem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

sui similis res,

Lucr. 5, 830:

volo me patris mei similem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 53: patris similem esse. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30:

non tam potuit patris similis esse, quam ille fuerat sui,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121: quaererem ex eo, cujus suorum similis fuisset Africani fratris nepos; facie vel patris, vitā omnium perditorum ita similis, ut esset facile deterrimus;

cujus etiam similis P. Crassi nepos, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 18:

est similis majorum suorum,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 57:

haud similis virgo est virginum nostrarum,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 22: haud parasitorum aliorum simil'est, Naev. ap. Non. 224, 26:

virum non similem furis hujus,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 91:

domini similis es,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 43:

in magistratu privatorum similes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

multi Gnathonum similes cum sint,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

plures Romuli quam Numae similes reges,

Liv. 1, 20:

ut sis tu similis Coeli Byrrhique latronum, Non ego sim Capri neque Sulci,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 69 et saep.:

deos esse tui similes putas?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 128; so,

tui,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 16; Liv. 22, 39:

nostri similes,

id. 26, 50:

sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7; cf.:

alterum similem sui quaerere,

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

nihil est appetentius similium sui quam natura,

id. ib. 14, 50:

quam uterque est similis sui!

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 16:

tui similem esse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 6:

sui similis gens,

Tac. G. 4.—Of things:

tam similem quam lacte lactist (i. e. lactis est, Brix ad loc.),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 85:

haec atque hujus similia alia damna,

id. ib. 3, 1, 105:

perpulchra credo dona aut nostri similia,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 15 Umpfenb.:

quid habet illius carminis simile haec oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

si fabularum similia didicimus,

id. ib.:

paupertatem, ignominiam, similia horum,

id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

similes meorum versus,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 3:

nonne hoc monstri simile'st?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 43; so,

monstri,

id. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 61:

prodigii,

Cic. Lig. 4, 11:

narrationem veri similem,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 83; cf.

Cels. ap. Cuint. 2, 15, 32: simile veri,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

quae similia veri sint,

Liv. 5, 21 Drak. N. cr.; v. verus, and cf. also in the foll.—In comparing persons with things:

hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere... Novarum aedium esse arbitror similem ego hominem,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6 sq.:

amator simil'est oppidi hostilis,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 68:

meretricem esse similem sentis condecet,

id. ib. 2, 1, 16: tu pueri pausilli simili'es, Nov. ap. Non. 224, 28:

equi te Esse feri similem dico,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 57.— Comp.: hominem hominis similiorem numquam vid: ego alterum, Neque aqua aquae, neque lac [p. 1701] test lactis usquam similius, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 29 sq. Brix ad loc.:

Rhodii Atticorum similiores,

Cic. Brut. 13, 52.— Sup.:

hic noster quaestus aucupii simillimu'st,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 63; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 72:

meretrix fortunati oppidi,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 82:

tener et lactens puerique simillimus aevo,

Ov. M. 15, 201:

simillima societas hereditatis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 55:

quid esset simillimum veri,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11.—

With dat. (of both persons and things; freq., and in post-Aug. writers almost always; not in Plaut. or Ter. acc. to Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 570 sq.; 579 sq.; but contra, v. Ussing ad Plaut. Am. v. 595): simia quam similis nobis, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97 (Sat. v. 45 Vahl.):

patri suo,

Cat. 61, 221; cf.:

similis quidem (genitos) alios avo et ex geminis quoque alterum patri, alterum matri, annoque post genitum majori similem fuisse ut geminum. Quasdam sibi similis semper parere, quasdam viro, quasdam nulli, quasdam feminam patri, marem sibi,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 51:

similis malo est,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 36: Terentio non similem dices quempiam, Afran. ap. Suet. Vit. Ter. fin.:

filius patri similis,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12 Madv. N. cr.:

sit suo similis patri,

Cat. 61, 217:

patri,

Ov. M. 6, 622:

parentibus ac majoribus suis,

Quint. 5, 10, 24:

par similisque ceteris,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

huic in hoc similis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

similes Icilio,

Liv. 3, 65:

hinnuleo,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 1:

puro te similem vespero petit Rhode,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

multum similis metuenti,

id. S. 2, 5, 92:

fluctuanti,

Liv. 6, 13 Drak.:

flenti,

Ov. M. 3, 652:

cognoscenti,

id. ib. 2, 501:

roganti,

id. ib. 3, 240:

cogitantibus et dubitantibus,

Quint. 11, 2, 47:

ediscenti,

id. 11, 2, 46:

legenti,

id. 11, 2, 32 et saep.—Of things:

res similis nostris rebus,

Lucr. 5, 435:

quid simile habet epistula aut judicio aut contioni?

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

quid illi simile bello fuit?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

qui non Fescennino versu (i. e. versui) similem jaciebant,

Liv. 7, 2 Drak. N. cr.:

argumentum vero simile comoediae,

Quint. 2, 4, 2; cf.:

similia veris erant,

Liv. 10, 20, 5:

partim vera partim mixta eoque similia veris,

id. 29, 20, 1; 8, 20, 5:

cui vitio simile sit schema, ut, etc.,

Quint. 9, 3, 10:

primus (iambus) ad extremum similis sibi,

Hor. A. P. 254:

versus sibi,

Quint. 9, 4, 60:

oratio fuit precibus quam jurgio similis, similior,

Liv. 3, 40 Drak. N. cr.—Comp.:

flunt omnia castris quam urbi similiora,

Liv. 4, 31 fin.:

similius vero facit ipsos in amicitiam redisse,

id. 8, 26, 6; 10, 26, 13; Quint. 3, 8, 31.— Sup.:

puro simillimus amni,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

media simillima veris sunt,

Liv. 26, 49:

simillimum id vero fecit,

id. 44, 30, 4.—

With gen. and dat. together:

tum similes matrum materno semine fiunt, Ut patribus patrio,

Lucr. 4, 1211:

neque lac lacti magis est simile quam ille ego similis est mei,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 54 Ussing ad loc.:

deos hominum quam homines deorum, hoc illi, illud huic,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90:

itaque plectri similem linguam nostri solent dicere, chordarum dentis, naris cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 59, 149; cf. under e.—

In a doubtful construction. On account of the form:

fugae similis profectio,

Caes. B. G. 5, 47; 6, 7; 7, 43 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 13 et saep.—Because of an unsettled reading:

similem Caesaris (or Caesari),

Suet. Caes. 52.—

With in and acc.:

in speciem Junonis,

App. M. 10, p. 253 fin. —

With inter:

homines inter se cum formā tum moribus similes,

Cic. Clu. 16, 46; so,

homines inter se (opp. differentes),

Quint. 12, 10, 22:

(catulos) Inter se similes,

Ov. M. 13, 835:

quae sunt inter se similia,

Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206:

res inter se similes,

Quint. 9, 2, 51.—In a twofold construction:

nihil est unum uni tam simile, tam par, quam omnes inter nosmetipsos sumus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

sunt inter se similia, sed non etiam prioribus,

Quint. 9, 3, 49.—

With atque ( ac), et, ut si, tamquam si:

si quid docere vis, aliquid ab isto simile in aestimatione atque a ceteris esse factum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 193:

ut simili ratione atque ipse fecerit suas injurias persequantur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38 fin.:

nec similem habeat vultum, et si ampullam perdidisset,

Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 31;

v. Madv. ad h. l.: similes sunt, ut si qui dicant, etc.,

id. Sen. 6, 17:

similes sunt di, tamquam si Poeni, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 64, 131.—

Absol.:

decet facta moresque hujus habere me similes,

Plaut. Am 1, 1, 114:

ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aeque sumi, quam haec est atque ista,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 68 Brix ad loc.:

ita formā simili pueri (gemini), ut, etc.,

id. Men. prol. 19:

meus est (puer), nimium quidem simili'st,

id. Truc. 2, 6, 26:

laudantur simili prole puerperae,

i. e. that look like their fathers, Hor. C. 4, 5, 23:

ecce similia omnia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 34:

par est avaritia, similis improbitas,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118;

but cf., in a more restricted sense: similia omnia magis quam paria,

Liv. 45, 43:

ad quam (amicitiam) se similis animus applicet,

Cic. Lael. 14, 48:

sicut erat in simili causā antea factum,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

quod in simili culpā versabantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

simili ratione,

id. B. G. 7, 4; id. B. C. 3, 76 al.:

similem esse te volo quomodo filium, non quomodo imaginem,

Sen. Ep. 84, 8:

ecce aliud simile, dissimile,

Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

si quis Aristotelem similem emit,

a likeness of Aristotle, Juv. 2, 6; cf.:

tabella, in quā tam similem videbis Issam, ut sit tam similis sibi nec ipsa,

Mart. 1, 109, 19 sq.; 7, 87, 4:

te similem,

your likeness, Stat. S. 3, 3, 201; 5, 1, 1.— Poet., adverb. (=similiter):

similis medios Juturna per hostīs Fertur,

Verg. A. 12, 477.— Comp.:

similiorem mulierem Magisque eandem non reor deos facere posse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 48:

nihil hoc simile est similius,

id. Am. 1, 1, 290. — Sup.:

simillimos dicito esse,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91.—Hence, subst.: sĭmĭle, is, n.

A comparison, likeness, parallel case, or example:

quo facilius res perspici possit hoc simile ponitur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54:

utuntur simili,

id. ib. 3, 14, 46:

nec improbum sit pro simili accipi, quod plus sit,

Quint. 7, 1, 61:

qui memoriam ab aliquo simili transferunt ad id, quod, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 30 et saep.:

ignavi et erepti et similia,

id. 1, 5, 69; 1, 6, 2; 2, 4, 26; 3, 5, 16 et saep.; cf.:

latitatio, metus, similia,

id. 7, 2, 46:

de philosophiā, de republicā, similibus,

id. 9, 4, 19; 11, 3, 153.—

Resemblance, simile et majus est et par et minus, Quint. 7, 8, 7.— Adv. in two forms, simulter (ante-class.) and similiter (class.).

sĭmulter, in like manner, similarly:

exossabo ego illum simulter itidem ut muraenam coquos,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 148 (cited ap. Non. 170, 25: simulter pro similiter); v. Ritschl ad Plaut. 1. 1.—

sĭmĭlĭter, in like manner, similarly (syn. pariter).

Absol. (so most freq.):

ecquid adsimulo similiter?

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 37:

similiter atque uno modo,

Cic. Brut. 66, 233:

illa quae similiter desinunt aut quae cadunt similiter,

id. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Tusc. 4, 11, 25:

si non similiter semper ingrediamur in argumentationem,

id. Inv. 1, 41, 76:

addunt etiam C. Marium... Similiter vos, cum, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 5, 14:

quorum non similiter fides est nec justitia laudata,

id. Rep. 2, 36, 61 et saep.— Comp.: scurram multo similius imitatum, more perfectly or naturally, Phaedr. 5, 5, 34.— Sup.:

ut, etc.... simillime, etc.,

just so, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—

With atque ( ac), et, ut si:

neque vero illum similiter, atque ipse eram, commotum esse vidi,

Cic. Phil. 1, 4, 9; id. Ac. 2, 23, 72; Quint. 3, 7, 26:

similiter facis, ac si me roges, cur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

similiter facere eos... ut si nautae certarent, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 25, 87:

similiter facit ut si posse putet,

id. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:

similiter et si dicat, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 21; v. Madv. ad h. l.— Sup.:

hic excipit Pompeium, simillime atque ut illā lege Glaucippus excipitur,

Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 13.—

With dat.:

similiter his, etc.,

Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.

sĭmŭl (ante-class. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl; v. infra; and sĕmŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also simitu. The final l of simul was scarcely pronounced in the vulg. lang., and in comic poetry does not make position with an initial consonant following; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. [Sanscr. sama-; Gr. hama, homos]; cf. semel, = eodem tempore, una, at the same time, together, at once, as soon as.

Referring, as temporal adverb, to plural nouns of the same sentence, and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., simultaneously.

After a plural subject:

hunc ambo in saxo semul sedent ejecti,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 72:

multa concurrunt simul,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 31:

(duo homines) simul cenare voluerunt,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

Zmyrnae cum simul essemus compluris dies,

id. Rep. 1, 8, 13:

tres simul soles effulserunt,

Liv. 41, 21 fin.:

tria simul agmina populabantur Indos,

Curt. 9, 10, 7:

duo simul hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt,

Quint. 11, 1, 69:

Othonem multa simul exstimulabant,

Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the logical subject is understood:

multos modios salis simul (i. e. amicis) edendos esse,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes both the subject and predicate are understood:

quare si simul (i. e. nos agere) placebit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—

With a plur. object:

(Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul,

Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8:

duas res simul nunc agere decretum'st mihi,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 1:

si duos consules simul ex Italia ejectos... res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

ambo cum simul conspicimus,

Liv. 40, 46 init.:

simul omnibus portis erupit,

id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So with singular implying a plural:

tota (urbs) simul exsurgere aedificiis coepit,

Liv. 6, 4, 6:

totam simul causam ponit ante oculos,

Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural noun:

igitur undique simul (i. e. ex omnibus locis simul) speculatores citi sese ostendunt,

Sall. J. 101, 1.—

Referring [p. 1703] to plural attributes:

omnium simul rerum... discrimine proposito,

Liv. 6, 35, 6:

multarum simul civitatium legati Romam convenerunt,

id. 43, 6, 1.—

Referring to an attributive participle understood:

multitudo plurium simul gentium (= simul eodem loco versantium),

Liv. 44, 45:

trium simul bellorum victor (= eodem tempore gestorum),

id. 6, 4, 1:

inter duo simul bella,

id. 7, 27, 7:

tot simul malis victi,

Curt. 4, 4, 12.

Referring to nouns, etc., connected by the preposition cum: simul cum = una cum (v. una, s. v. unus), together with:

novi (illum) cum Calcha semul,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48:

jube in urbem veniat jam tecum semul,

id. Most. 4, 2, 26:

qui ipsus equidem nunc primum istanc tecum conspicio semul?

id. Am. 2, 2, 122:

me misisti ad portum cum luci semul,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 40:

quae (amicitia) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit simul,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7:

simul consilium cum re amisti?

id. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

Critolaum simul cum Diogene venisse commemoras,

Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100:

Hortensius tecum simul pro Appio Claudio dixit,

id. Brut. 64, 230:

cum corporibus simul animos interire,

id. Lael. 4, 13:

vobiscum simul considerantis,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

testamentum Cyri simul obsignavi cum Clodio,

id. Mil. 18, 48:

simul cum lege Aelia magistratum iniit,

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

simul cum lumine pandit,

id. Arat. 704 (452):

simul cum moribus immutatur fortuna,

Sall. C. 2, 5:

cum anima simul,

id. ib. 33, 4:

simul cum occasu solis,

id. J. 91, 2:

simul cum dono designavit templi finis,

Liv. 1, 10, 5:

si (dictator) se (Fabium) simul cum gloria rei gestae extinxisset,

id. 8, 31, 7:

ut cresceret simul et neglegentia cum audacia hosti,

id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una:

quippe omnes semul didicimus tecum una,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With ellipsis of mecum:

qui scribis morderi te interdum quod non simul sis,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) must be supplied after simul, likewise, together with him, them, etc.:

in vigiliam quando ibat miles, tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86:

cum simul P. Rutilius venisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

hos qui simul erant missi, fallere,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

prae metu ne simul (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet,

Liv. 5, 13, 13:

extra turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. inter se),

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul with abl. alone = cum with abl. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. Gr. hama with dat.):

simul his,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 86:

quippe simul nobis habitat,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29:

his simul,

Sil. 3, 268:

Magnetibus simul transmissi,

Tac. A. 4, 55:

quindecimviri septemviris simul,

id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. Troad. 1049.

Referring to a preceding adverb. clause, at the same time, i.e. as that of the action described:

juris ubi dicitur dies, simul patronis dicitur,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17:

quamquam ego vinum bibo, at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere quom vinum bibo, una cum vino),

id. Pers. 2, 1, 3:

quando nihil sit (quod det), semul amare desinat,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.:

ubi res prolatae sunt, quom rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus,

id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.:

domum numquam introibis, nisi feres pallam simul (i. e. cum introibis),

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.

Referring to two or more co-ordinate terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the same time, and also, both... and ( at once), together.

Referring to co-ordinate terms of the same sentence.

Simul preceding all the coordinate terms which are connected by et, ac, atque, que, or by et... et (freq. in the histt.):

semul flere sorbereque haud facile est,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104:

Q. Hortensi ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228: Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, Sall. J. 70, 5:

dicenti lacrimae simul spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,

Liv. 40, 16 init.:

quae simul auxilio tribunicio et consensu plebis impediri coepta,

id. 6, 27, 9:

Lycios sub Rhodiorum simul imperio et tutela esse,

id. 41, 6 fin.:

Priverni qui simul a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt,

id. 8, 19, 11:

simul divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt,

id. 10, 40, 1:

eximio simul honoribus atque virtutibus,

id. 6, 11, 3:

obruit animum simul luctus metusque,

id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6:

simul ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque,

Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So with three or more co-ordinate terms, either all connected by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23;

or asyndetic: nunc simul res, fides, fama, virtus, decus deseruerunt,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—

Simul after all the coordinate terms (mostly ante-class.):

nunc operam potestis ambo mihi dare et vobis simul,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40:

faxo et operam et vinum perdiderit simul,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 42:

ut si quis sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusetur,

Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—

Simul after the first of the co-ordinate terms (so not in Cic.):

convenit regnum simul atque locos ut haberet,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3:

oculis simul ac mente turbatum,

Liv. 7, 26, 5:

quod ubi auditum simul visumque est,

id. 8, 39, 7:

pulvere simul ac sudore perfusum,

Curt. 3, 5, 2:

terrestri simul navalique clade,

id. 4, 3, 14:

vota nuncupabantur simul et solvebantur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5:

qui ima simul ac summa foveret aequaliter,

Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In post-Aug. prose without any temporal idea, = as well as:

populi Romani facta simul ac dicta memoratu digna... deligere constitui,

Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—

Placed before the last term.

Simul et (= simul etiam), and at the same time, and also:

Jugurtha, postquam oppidum Capsam aliosque locos munitos, simul et magnam pecuniam amiserat,

Sall. J. 97, 1:

Marium fatigantem de profectione, simul et invisum et offensum,

id. ib. 73, 2:

Marius hortandi causa, simul et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit,

id. ib. 84, 5:

milites modesto imperio habiti, simul et locupletes,

id. ib. 92, 2:

Perseus cum adventu consulis, simul et veris principio strepere omnia cerneret,

Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—

Simulque (rare):

ut (materia) fragilis incumberet, simulque terra umore diluta,

Curt. 8, 10, 25.—

Simul, without any conjunction (so in Cic., but only poet.):

Neptuno grates habeo et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3:

Electra Stereopeque, simul sanctissima Maja,

Cic. Arat. 270 (36):

inter solis iter, simul inter flamina venti,

id. ib. 342 (101):

ambiguus consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite atque equite, simul longis navibus mare clauderet,

Tac. H. 2, 83. —

Inserted in the last term ( poet.):

memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 9;

interea Maecenas advenit atque Coccejus, Capitoque simul Fontejus,

id. S. 1, 5, 32.—

Referring to two or more co-ordinate clauses or sentences.

Et simul or simulque:

contundam facta Talthybi, contem namque omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

eamus, et de istac simul consilium volo capere una tecum,

i. e. while going, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65:

quod... et simul quia,

Lucr. 5, 1181:

ratio Ecquaenam fuerit origo... et simul ecquae sit finis, etc.,

id. 5, 1213:

sed iidem illi ita mecum loquuntur... et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28:

ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et simul sum admiratus cur, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

emergit Nixi caput, et simul effert sese clara Fides et, etc.,

id. Arat. 713 (460):

postquam Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proelio clamorem augeri,

Sall. J. 52, 6:

equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos peditum accendunt,

Liv. 3, 62, 8:

tum rigere omnibus corpora... et simul lassitudine et... fame etiam deficere,

id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—

Simul with autem or enim, introducing the second sentence:

salve! simul autem vale!

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus sane suspicionem tuam;

simul enim augebimus diligentiam,

Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—

Simul preceding co-ordinate sentences, generally connected by et... et, but also by a single copulative conjunction:

simul enim et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum,

Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5:

illa autem altera ratio quae simul et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit,

id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60:

simul et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare,

Sall. J. 91, 1:

nullus portus erat qui simul et omnis onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet,

Liv. 32, 18, 3:

simul et cohors invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus... concurrerunt,

id. 32, 24, 3: simul Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—

Referring to co-ordinate clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions:

Mnesilochum ut requiram atque ut eum mecum ad te adducam semul,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2:

tantum faciam ut notam apponam... et simul significem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2:

quod eo liberius ad te seribo, quia nostrae laudi favisti, simulque quod video non novitati esse invisum meae,

id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting dependent clauses, simul often stands for a co-ordinating conjunction; v. VI. infra.

Introducing an independent sentence, at the same time, also, likewise (cf.: itaque, igitur, deinde, tum, etc.).

Simul alone:

ego Tiresiam consulam quid faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77:

sequimini! simul circumspicite ne quis adsit arbiter,

id. Mil. 4, 4, 1:

alterum ipse efficiam ut attente audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10:

hoc proprium virtutis existimant... simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23:

Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt... simul in Campanos stimulabat ira,

Liv. 7, 32, 3:

tibi (Apollo) decimam partem praedae voveo. Te simul, Juno, precor ut, etc.,

id. 5, 21, 3.—

More freq. simul et (= etiam):

quia videbitur Magis verisimile id esse... simul et conficiam facilius ego quod volo,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55:

nolite committere ut in re tam inveterata quidquam novi sentiatis. Simul et illa omnia ante oculos vestros proponite, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65:

demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 4:

legati jam reverterant... simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc.,

Liv. 41, 19 med.:

ipse ad Sycurium progressus, opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari passim exercitum jubet,

id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.

Simul itself stands as co-ordinating conjunction, to connect dependent clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the same time, and also (not ante-class.; rare in Cic.;

freq. in the histt.): ei Verres possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, simul ut esset poena quod, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124:

omnes vocat ad diripiendos Eburones, ut potius Gallorum vita quam legionarius miles periclitetur, simul ut... pro tali facinore stirps et nomen civitatis tollatur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34: quippe foedum hominem a republica procul esse volebat;

simul quia boni complures praesidium in eo putabant,

Sall. C. 19, 2:

cujus de virtute, quia multi dixere, praetereundum puto, simul ne per insolentiam quis existumet memet studium meum laudando extollere,

id. J. 4, 2:

nihil horum... discere cum cerneret posse, simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc.,

Liv. 39, 47:

a sermone Graeco puerum incipere malo, quia Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, simul quia disciplinis quoque Graecis prius instruendus est,

Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, [p. 1704] 70;

2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases with dependent clauses: his amicis confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum ingens erat, et quod... opprimendae reipublicae consilium cepit,

Sall. C. 16, 4:

hi, quod res in invidia erat, simul et ab Numidis obsecrati,

id. J. 25, 5:

ob eam iram, simul ut praeda militem aleret, duo milia peditum... populari agrum jussit,

Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3:

equites praemisit speculatum, simul ut ignem exstinguerent,

Curt. 4, 10, 11:

Otho, quamquam turbidis rebus, etc., simul reputans non posse, etc.,

Tac. H. 1, 83 init.:

committere igitur eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, simul quod ab illa parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.

Simul. as co-ordinating conjunction, is frequently placed before each of the co-ordinate terms (simul... simul = hama men... hama de), partly... partly; not only... but at the same time (not anteAug.).

With independent clauses:

simul castra oppugnabantur, simul pars exercitus ad populandum agrum Romanum missa,

Liv. 3, 5, 2:

accolas Hannibal simul perlicit ad naves fabricandas, simul et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant,

id. 21, 26, 7:

ab his simul custodes trucidari coepti, simul datum signum armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent,

id. 9, 25, 8:

simul gratias agit, simul gratulatur quod, etc.,

Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—

With dependent clauses:

venit ad quaerendum, simul quod non deducerent praesidia, simul quod in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent,

Liv. 39, 46 fin.:

Perseus cum audisset, simul Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, simul classem Iolci stare,

id. 44, 13 init.:

consul ad Phylan ducit, simul ut praesidium firmaret, simul ut militi frumentum divideret,

id. 44, 8, 1:

simul questi... simul nuntiantes,

id. 42, 46:

plus quam imponebatur oneris recepi, simul ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, simul ne... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a dependent clause with an independent sentence: Athenas ierant, simul ut pro legatione praemio esset honos, simul peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant,

Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—

Co-ordinating dependent clauses with adverbial phrases:

Germani frequenter in castra venerunt, simul sui purgandi causa, simul ut de induciis impetrarent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13:

Philippus, simul ne ocio miles deterior fieret, simul avertendae suspicionis causa... in Maedicam ducere pergit,

Liv. 40, 21, 1. —

Connecting single nouns or phrases belonging to the same predicate:

cum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul clamor Romanorum impetum sustinuit,

Liv. 2, 10, 10:

ad se simul legatos, simul milites missos,

id. 42, 52 med.:

et Romae simul dilectu, simul tributo conferendo laboratum est,

id. 5, 10, 3:

increpando simul temeritatem, simul ignaviam,

id. 2, 65, 4:

tum vero si mul ab hostibus, simul ab iniquitate loco rum Poeni oppugnabantur,

id. 21, 33, 5:

inter simul complorationem feminarum, simul nefandam caedem,

id. 41, 11:

simul a mari, simul a terra ingredienti,

id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.

Simul, in connection with ac, atque (also written in one word,

sĭmŭlac

, sĭmŭlatque), rarely with ut, and very rarely with et, is used as subordinating, temporal conjunction, as soon as. For simulac, etc., simul alone is freq.

Simul ac: simul ac lacrimas de ore noegeo (i. e. candido) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Mull.:

Demenaetum simul ac conspexero hodie,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73:

non simul ac se ipse commovit, sensit quid intersit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

si simul ac procul conspexit armatos, recessisset,

id. Caecil. 16, 46:

dicebam, simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui,

id. Phil. 2, 35, 89:

Alcibiades, simul ac se remiserat, dissolutus reperiebatur,

Nep. Alcib. 1. 4:

at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arca,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by primum (= ut primum):

simul ac primum ei occasio visa est, quaestor consulem deseruit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—

Simul atque:

L. Clodius, simul atque introductus est, rem conficit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

simul atque increpuit suspicio tumultus, artes ilico nostrae conticescunt,

id. Mur. 10, 22:

simul atque audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 95:

simul atque enim se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,

id. Rep. 2, 26, 49:

simul atque sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat,

id. Quint. 5, 18:

qui, simul atque in oppidum venerat, inmittebantur illi continuo Cibyratici canes,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:

simul atque de Caesaris adventu cognitum est,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—

Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33):

simul ut experrecti sumus, visa illa contemnimus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

simul ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, statim quaesivi, etc.,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

nostros omnia consequi potuisse, simul ut velle coepissent,

id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2):

simul ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam,

id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12:

nam simul ut supero se totum lumine Cancer extulit, extemplo cedit delapsa Corona,

id. Arat. 596 (349).—

Simul et:

simul et quid erit certi, scribam ad te,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2:

ego ad te statim habebo quod scribam, simul et videro Curionem,

id. ib. 10, 4, 12:

quam accepi simul et in Cumanum veni,

id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has simul et, which the editors variously changed into simulatque, simulac, simul ut, simul; so,

omne animal simul et ortum est, se ipsum diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, where the vulg. has simul ut, and Madv. reads simul [et] ortum.—

Simul ubi:

quod simul ubi conspexit, equites emisit,

Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—

Simul alone, = simul atque:

simul herbae inceperint nasci,

Cato, R. R. 48:

hic simul argentum repperit, cura sese expedivit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: simul limen intrabo, illi extrabunt illico, Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):

simul inflavit tibicen, a perito carmen agnoscitur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

nostri, simul in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

simul increpuere arma, hostis pedem rettulit,

Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by primum:

simul primum magistratio abiit, dicta dies est,

Liv. 6, 1, 6:

simul primum anni tempus navigabile praebuisset mare,

id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

sincērus, a, um, adj. [sin- = sim-, v. simplex; root in Sanscr. sama, whole, together; and root skir-, Sanscr. kir-, pour out], clean, pure, sound, not spoiled, uninjured, whole, entire, real, natural, genuine, sincere (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense; cf.: simplex, verus, incorruptus).

Lit.:

omnia fucata et simulata a sinceris atque veris (internoscere),

Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

aliquem ab omni incommodo, detrimento, molestiā sincerum integrumque conservare,

unharmed, unhurt, id. Fam. 13, 50, 2:

corpus (with sine vulnere),

Ov. M. 12, 100; cf.

pars,

id. ib. 1, 191:

membra,

Lucr. 3, 717:

porci sacres,

sound, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; cf. in comp.: cum jam me sinceriore corpusculo factum diceret (medicus), Gell. 18, 10, 4: sincerum tergum... corium sincerissimum, clear (of weals), Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 51 sq.; cf.

so, corium,

id. Most. 4, 1, 13:

vas,

clean, Hor. S. 1, 3, 56; id. Ep. 1, 2, 54:

ex amphorā primum quod est sincerissimum effluit,

Sen. Ep. 108, 26:

lac,

Col. 7, 8, 1; so,

Amineum,

id. 12, 47, 6:

crocus,

Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 32:

axungia,

id. 28, 9, 37, § 135:

gemma (opp. sordium plena),

id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

propria et sincera et tantum sui similis gens,

unmixed, pure, Tac. G. 4; so,

populus,

id. H. 4, 64 fin.; Suet. Aug. 40:

nobilitas,

Liv. 4, 4, 7:

nitor,

Sen. Ep. 66, 46.— Comp.: lux sincerior, App. de Mundo, p. 58, 29.—

Sincerum, adverb.:

non sincerum sonĕre,

that it does not ring clearly, is not genuine, Lucr. 3, 873.—

Trop.:

Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium,

sound, uncorrupted, Cic. Or. 8, 25:

nihil erat in ejus (Cottae) oratione nisi sincerum,

id. Brut. 55, 202; cf.:

esse videtur Homeri (versus) simplicior et sincerior,

Gell. 13, 26, 3; so,

sincera gratia sermonis Attici,

Quint. 10, 1, 65:

sincera et integra natura,

Tac. Or. 28 fin.:

animus,

Sen. Cons. Helv. 11, 6:

vir,

id. Ep. 73, 4:

opiniones,

id. ib. 94, 68:

Minerva,

pure, chaste, Ov. M. 8, 664:

sincerum equestre proelium,

unmixed, pure, Liv. 30, 11:

non sincerum gaudium praebere,

not unmixed, not undisturbed, id. 34, 41; so,

gaudium,

id. 44, 44:

gaudium sincerius,

Just. 10, 1, 3:

voluptas,

Ov. M. 7, 453:

fama,

unblemished, Gell. 6, 8, 5:

Thucydides rerum gestarum pronunciator sincerus,

honest, candid, upright, Cic. Brut. 83, 287; cf.:

Fabii Annales, bonae atque sincerae vetustatis libri,

Gell. 5, 4, 1.— Sup.:

Q. Claudius optimus et sincerissimus scriptor,

Gell. 15, 1, 4:

verus atque sincerus Stoicus,

id. 1, 2, 7 et saep.:

mirabilia multa, nihil simplex, nihil sincerum,

natural, genuine, Cic. Att. 10, 6, 2:

nihil est jam sanctum neque sincerum in civitate,

id. Quint. 1, 5:

aliquid non sinceri,

id. Div. 2, 57, 118:

fides,

Liv. 39, 2, 1:

concordia,

Tac. A. 3, 64:

caritas,

id. ib. 2, 42.—Hence, advv.

sincērē, uprightly, honestly, well, frankly, sincerely: sincere dicere, * Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 97:

satin' ego oculis utilitatem obtineo sincere, an parum,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 28:

sincere et ex animo dicere,

Cat. 109, 4: pronunciare, * Caes. B. G. 7, 20: agere, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 9:

administrare provincias,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8.— Comp., Gell. 6 (7), 3, 55.— Sup., Aug. Ep. ad Volus. 3 fin. —

sincērĭter, sincerely:

aliquid cupere,

Gell. 13, 16, 1; Cod. Just. 8, 28, 10.

sēsămum ( sīsăm-), i, n., = sêsamon.

Sesame or sesamum, an oily plant, a native of the East, Col. 2, 10, 18; 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 56; 12, 15, 3; Pall. Sept. 7; id. Oct. 1, 3; Cels. 5, 15; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 113; Petr. 1 fin. —Collat. form sēsĭma or sē-săma, ae, f., = sêsamê, Col. 2, 7, 1; Plin. 15, 7, 7, § 30; 18, 7, 10, § 49; 18, 10, 22, § 96, and 18, 10, 23, § 98.—

Sesamum silvestre, another name for cici, the palma Christi, castor-oil plant, Plin. 15, 7, 7, § 25.