290d

στρᾰτηγ-ικός, ή, όν,

A of or for a general,

πρᾶξις Pl.Plt. 304e

; [ ἐπιστήμη] Arist.EN 1096a32; [ τέχνη] ib. 1094a9;

ἔργα X.Oec.20.6

;

οἴκησις PPetr.3p.343

(iii B.C.);

κατάλυσις BGU1767.6

(i B.C.);

σκηνή Plu. Luc.16

;

μαχαιροφόρος PGen.31.14

(ii A.D.): ἡ -κή (sc. τέχνη),=

στρατηγία 11

, Pl.Euthd. 290d, etc.: so τὰ ς. X.Cyr.1.6.12; also a treatise on strategy, D.L.5.80;

σ. βιβλία Ael.Tact.1.2

.

II of persons, suited or fitted for command, general-like, versed in generalship, Pl.Grg. 455c, X.Mem.1.1.8, etc.: [comp] Sup., Id.Cyr.8.4.7, Phld.Mus. p.76 K. Adv. -κῶς, εὖ καὶ ς. Ar.Av. 362: [comp] Comp.

- ώτερον Plb. 10.32.7

.

2 at Rome, praetorian,

ἐπαρχία Str.14.6.6

; οἱ ς., = milites praetoriani, Plu.Oth.9; σ. βῆμα tribunal praetorium, D.H.5.28.

b = praetorius, ex-praetor, SIG840 (Olympia, ii A.D.).

σῡκ-ῐνος, η, ον,

A of the figtree, σ. ξύλον fig-wood, Hp.Ulc.12, Ar.V. 145 (where reference is made to the pungent smoke produced by burning it, cf. Arist.Fr. 227, Thphr. Ign.72); κλῳὸς ς. Ar.V. 897;

τορύνη Pl.Hp.Ma. 290d

sq.; σύκινα Χῖα Chian fig-trees, PCair.Zen.33.12 (iii B.C.): the wood of the fig was proverbially cheap and useless, Zen.3.44, Sch.Ar.Pl. 947: hence,

2 metaph., σ. ἄνδρες worthless, good-for-nothing fellows, Theoc.10.45;

σ. σοφιστής Antiph.122.4

; prov., σ. ἐπικουρία, of feeble, useless help, Hsch. (v. σκύτινος)

; σ. γνώμη Luc.Ind.6

; σ. σύζυγος a false, treacherous comrade, with a play on συκοφαντικός, Ar.Pl. 946.

II of figs, πῶμα ς. fig-wine, Plu.2.752b; ὁ σ. καρπός the fig-harvest, PCair.Zen.354.20 (iii B.C.).

τᾰρακ-τήριον, τό,

A stirrer, gloss on τορύνη, Sch.Pl.Hp.Ma. 290d.

τορῡν-η, ἡ,

A stirrer, ladle for stirring things while boiling, Sophr.110, Ar.Eq. 984 (lyr.), Av.78;

χρυσῆ τ. ἢ συκίνη Pl.Hp.Ma. 290d

.

II τορύνη· σιτῶδές τι, Hsch. [[pron. full] ῡ in Ar. ll. cc., but [pron. full] ῠ in AP6.305 (Leon.): nothing can be proved from Eup. 370.]

φρόν-ημα, ατος, τό,

A mind, spirit,

ἔστ' ἂν Διὸς φ. λωφήσῃ χόλου A.Pr. 378

;

Αἰσχύλου φ. ἔχων Telecl.14

; with limiting epithets,

φ. δύσθεον A.Ch. 191

; ὑπέρτολμον ib. 595(lyr.);

ὠμόν Id.Th. 537

;

ἐλεύθερον Pl.Lg. 865d

;

τυραννικόν Id.R. 573b

, X. Lac.15.8: pl., Hdt.9.54.

2 thought, purpose, will,

φθέγμα καὶ ἀνεμόεν φ. S.Ant. 354

(lyr.); ψυχὴ καὶ φ. καὶ γνώμη ib. 176, cf. 207; τὸ φ. τῆς σαρκός, τοῦ πνεύματος, Ep.Rom.8.6: freq. in pl., καρτεροῖς φρονήμασι with stubborn thoughts, A.Pr. 209;

ματαίων.. φρονημάτων ἡ γλῶσσ' ἀληθὴς γίγνεται κατήγορος Id.Th. 438

;

ἐμπέδοις φ. S.Ant. 169

; τὰ σκλήρ' ἄγαν φ. ib. 473;

τὰ φ. ἀληθινὰ καὶ πάντῃ μεγάλα ἐκέκτηντο Pl.Criti. 120e

.

II either in good or bad sense,

1 high spirit, resolution, pride,

τὸ Ἀθηναίων φ. Hdt.8.144

, cf. 9.7.β; ἀνδρί γε φ. ἔχοντι to a man of spirit, Th.2.43;

φ. τε καὶ πίστις Arist. Pol. 1313b2

; φ. ἔχων ἐλεύθερον ib. 1314a3; courage, opp. δειλία, Jul. Or.2.59c (pl.);

δουλοῖ τὸ φ. τὸ αἰφνίδιον Th.2.61

: c. [tense] fut. inf., ἐν φρονήματι ὄντες τῆς Πελοποννήσου ἡγήσεσθαι aspiring to be leaders of the P., Id.5.40: freq. in pl., high thoughts, proud designs,

διασείσειν τὰ Ἀθηναίων φ. Hdt.6.109

, cf. 3.122, 125, 9.54;

οὐ.. ξυμφέρει τοῖς ἄρχουσι φ. μεγάλα ἐγγίγνεσθαι τῶν ἀρχομένων Pl.Smp. 182c

, cf. 190b, Isoc. 6.89;

Ζεύς τοι κολαστὴς τῶν ὑπερκόμπων ἄγαν φ. A.Pers. 828

;

τῶν φ. ὁ Ζεὺς κολαστὴς τῶν ἄγαν ὑπερφρόνων E.Heracl. 387

.

2 in bad sense, presumption, arrogance,

φρονήματος πλέως ὁ μῦθός ἐστιν A.Pr. 953

, cf. E.Heracl. 926 (lyr.), Ar.V. 1024 (anap.), Pax25, Pl.Plt. 290d, etc.;

τὸ τῶν Ἀτρειδῶν φ. Phld.Rh.2.217

S., etc.: pl.,

παυσάμενοι τῶν φ. Isoc.14.37

;

φ. τυραννικά Plu.Eum.13

.

III pl., = φρένες, heart, breast,

ἰὸς ἐκ φρονημάτων.. πεσών A.Eu. 478

.

ἀποτρόπ-αιος, ον,

A averting evil, freq. of Apollo, Ar.Eq. 1307, Av.61, Pl. 359, Orac. ap. D. 21.53, CIG464: generally,

θεοὶ ἀ. Hp.Vict.4.89

, Pl.Lg. 854b, X.HG3.3.4, Paus.2.11.1.

2 of sacrifices, D.H.5.54, Plu.2.290d,292a.

II [voice] Pass., that ought to be averted, ill-omened,

φαντασίαι Ph.2.433

;

δυσφημίαι Plu.2.587f

;

θέαμα Luc.Tim.5

;

ἄκουσμα Id.Gall.2

, etc.

ἐγχειρ-έω, Arc. [full] ἰγχηρέω IG5(2).6.12 (Tegea, iv B.C.): ([etym.] χείρ):—

A take a thing in hand, undertake, attempt, c. dat.rei, E.Med. 377, X.Vect. 6.1, etc.: later, c. acc. rei,

ἔργον PPetr.2p.37

(iii B.C.): c. inf., Pl. Prt. 310c, X.Mem.2.3.12, etc.;

τὸν ἐγχειρήσαντα συκοφαντεῖν Hyp. Eux.34

: abs., to make an attempt or beginning, S.El. 1026, Th.4.4, etc.

2 lay hands on, attack, πόλεσι ib. 122: abs., X.HG4.5.16;

πρὸς τὰ κατὰ τοὺς πολεμίους Plb.2.22.11

.

3 put hand to a case requiring medical treatment,

τινί Hp. de Arte 3

; τῇσι νούσοισιν ib. 13.

4 try one's hand in argument,

εἰς ἑκάτερον Plu.Cic.21

:— [voice] Pass., to be discussed, Id.2.687e codd.

II in late Poets, take in hand, c. acc.,

ἔργον Epigr.Gr.1038.36

.— ἐπιχειρέω is more common in [dialect] Att. [suff] ἐγχείρ-ημα, ατος, τό, undertaking, attempt, S.OT 540, Pl. Plt. 290d, Antiph.29, D.27.34, Aen.Tact.24.15, Plu.Cleom.25, etc.; essay in argument, Epicur.Dial.1413.7 (pl.).

Ἑκάτη [pron. full] [ᾰ], ἡ, ([etym.] ἕκᾰτος)

A Hecate, lit. she who works her will, Hes.Th. 411, h.Cer.25,52, E.Fr. 955, etc. ;

Ἑ. φωσφόρος Ar.Fr. 594a

, E.Fr. 968.

b v. ἕκατος.

II Ἑκάτης δεῖπνον Hecate's dinner, a meal set out by rich persons at the foot of her statue ἐν τριόδοις on the 30th day of each month, when it became a sort of dole for beggars and paupers, Ar.Pl. 594 et Sch. adloc., cf. Plu.2.280c, 290d, AB247: hence, as it consisted of offal, Ἑκαταῖα κατεσθίειν, of a rapscallion, D.54.39, cf. Luc.DMort.1.1.

ἔξεστι, imper. ἐξέστω, subj. ἐξῇ, inf. ἐξεῖναι, part. ἐξόν: [tense] impf. ἐξῆν: [tense] fut. ἐξέσται, opt.

A

ἐξέσοιτο X.Ages.1.24

, part. ἐξεσόμενον (v. infr.): impers. (v. ἔξειμι B):—it is allowed, is possible, c. inf., Hdt.1.183, etc.: c. dat. pers. et inf., ib. 138, A.Eu. 899, etc.;

ἔ. σοι ἀνδρὶ γενέσθαι X. An.7.1.21

;

ἔ. εὐδαίμοσι γενέσθαι

'licet esse beatis',

D.3.23

: with acc. instead of second dat.,

ἔ. ὑμῖν φίλους γενέσθαι Th.4.20

: c. acc. pers. et inf., Ar.Ach. 1079, Pl.Plt. 290d: neut. part. abs., ἐξεόν τοι.. ἕτερα ποιέειν since it was possible for thee to.., Hdt.4.126;

ἐξόν σοι γάμου τυχεῖν A.Pr. 648

;

ἐξὸν κεκλῆσθαι S.El. 365

;

ὡς οὐκ ἐξεσόμενον τῇ πόλει δίκην.. λαμβάνειν Lys.14.10

.

ἔτνος, εος, τό,

A thick soup made with pease or beans, Ar.Ach. 246, Ra.62, 506, Pl.Hp.Ma. 290d;

ἔ. πίσινον Ar.Eq. 1171

;

φάκινον Hp.

Acut.(Sp.) 53;

κυάμινον Gal.Vict.Att.53

; as poultice, τὸ ἔτνος τὸ ἐκ τῶν κυάμων Lycusap. Orib.9.35.1. ( ἑτνος from a false deriv. from ἕω, EM387.9, etc.)

ἕψω, [tense] impf.

A

ἧψον Ar.Ra. 505

, al.: [tense] fut.

ἑψήσω Nicoch.15

, Men.260: [tense] aor.

ἥψησα Hdt.1.119

(v.l. ἕψ-), Ar.Fr.4, Pl.Euthd. 301d, etc.; cf. συν-έψω: [tense] pf.

ἥψηκα Ph.2.245

:—[voice] Med., imper.

ἕψου A.Fr. 310

: [tense] fut.

ἑψήσομαι Pl.R. 372c

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἕψεται Antiph.217.4

, part.

ἑψόμενος Pi. N.4.82

, Hp.Int.44: [tense] fut.

ἑψηθήσομαι Gal.13.398

: [tense] aor.

ἡψήθην Hdt.4.61

, Plu.2.690c, etc., part.

ἑψηθείς Dsc.5.85

, Eup.1.139 (v.l. ἑφθέντες): [tense] pf.

ἡψημένος D.S.2.9

, ἑψ- Arist.Pr. 884b14, Hp.Mul.1.78.—[full] ἕψω is [dialect] Att. acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.456: [full] ἑψέω is dub., imper. ἕψεε v.l. in Hp.Acut. (Sp.) 63, [tense] impf. ἥψεε v.l. ἕψεε Hdt.1.48; elsewh. in Hdt. and Hp. the uncontracted forms are found: [full] ἑψάω is a late form, Olymp.in Mete. 315.8, al.:—boil, seethe, of meat and the like (never in Hom., where meat is roasted, v. ὀπτάω), Hdt.1.48, al., Hp.VM3, Pl.Euthd. 301c, etc.; ἕ. χύτραν ' to keep the pot boiling', Ar.Ec. 845, Pl.Hp.Ma. 290d; prov. of useless labour,

λίθον ἕψεις Ar.V. 280

(lyr.), Pl.Erx. 405b: c. gen. partit., ἥψομεν τοῦ κορκόρου we boiled some pimpernel, Ar.V. 239:—[voice] Med.,

ἕψου μηδὲ λυπηθῇς πυρί A.Fr. 310

:—[voice] Pass., to be boiled, of meat, Hdt.4.61, etc.; of liquids, boil, Arist.Mete. 379b28, Plu.2.690c.

2 digest,

τὰ σιτία Hp.Acut.28

.

3 of metals, smelt, refine,

ἑψόμενος χρυσός Pi.N.4.82

.

4 [voice] Med., ἑψήσασθαι κόμην dye it, Poll.2.35:—also in [voice] Act., Phot., Hsch. ( ἐψεῖν cod.).

5 metaph., γῆρας ἀνώνυμον ἕψειν cherish an inglorious old age, Pi.O.1.83.

ἱερᾱτ-ικός, ή, όν,

A priestly, sacerdotal,

θυσίαι Arist.Pol. 1285b10

;

ὑπομνήματα Plu.Marc.5

; στέφανος, ἁγιστεῖαι, Id.2.34e, 729a;

ὀνόματα Luc.Philops.12

;

λόγος Ptol.Tetr. 87

(- ατητικός codd.);

βίος Jul.Ep. 89b

; ἡ ἱ. (sc. τέχνη), = ἱερατεία, Pl.Plt. 290d; οἱ ἱ. the priestly caste, Hld.7.11, cf. Dam.Pr. 399. Adv. - κῶς in a sacerdotal sense, ib. 256; ἱ. ζῆν as a priest should, Jul. l.c.;

σεμνῶς καὶ ἱ. κρίνειν δίκας Just.Nov.79.1

.

2 ἱ. βύβλος, χάρτης, name of a kind of papyrus, Str.17.1.15, PMag.Par.1.2105; κόλλημα, πιττάκιον, made of this material, ib.2068,3142.

II devoted to sacred purposes, τὰ ἱ. the sacred fund, IGRom.3.1137 (Syria, iii A.D.).

III [suff] ἱερᾱτ-ικόν, τό, name of a plaster, Gal.13.183.

ἴχνος, εος, τό,

A track, footstep, Od.17.317, Hes.Op. 680, Hdt.4.82; of the spoor of game, X.Cyn.6.15, etc.: metaph., track, trace,

κατ' ἴχνος πλατᾶν ἄφαντον A.Ag. 695

(lyr.); ἐς ταὐτὸν ἐλθὼν.. λόγων ἴ. Id.Pr. 845;

ἴ. κακῶν ῥινηλατούσῃ Id.Ag. 1184

;

ἴ. παλαιᾶς δυστέκμαρτον αἰτίας S. OT 109

;

ἴ. τειχέων E.Hel. 108

;

ἴχνη τῶν πληγῶν Pl.Grg. 524c

;

τὰ τῶν κονδύλων ἴ. Aeschin.3.212

: with neg., not a trace,

μαζῶν οὐδὲ ἴχνη Aret.SD1.8

; ἴ. ποδὸς θεῖναι, Lat. vestigia ponere, E.IT 752, cf. Or. 234;

θέσθαι AP7.464

(Antip.); λεπτὸν ἴ. ἀρβύλης τίθετε step softly, E.Or. 140 (lyr.);

ἴ. ἐπαντέλλειν ποδός Id.Ph. 105

(lyr.);

ἴ. ἐρείδειν AP5.300

(Paul. Sil.); ἐν ἴχνεσί τινος πόδα νέμειν (metaph.) Pi.N.6.15;

ἰχνῶν τινος ἔχεσθαι Lib.Or.64.4

;

τοῖς στοιχοῦσι τοῖς ἴχνεσι τῆς πίστεως Ep.Rom.4.12

; κατ' ἴχνος ᾄσσειν, κατ' ἴχνη διώκειν, S.Aj.32, Pl.R. 410b, cf. E.Hec. 1059 (lyr.);

εἰς ἴχνος τινὸς ἰέναι Pl.Ep. 330e

; ἴ. μετιέναι, μετελθεῖν, Id.Phdr. 276d, Tht. 187e; ἴχνους προσάπτεσθαι hit upon a trail, Id.Plt. 290d;

τοῖς ἀρχαίοις ἴ. ἐς τὰ θεμέλια χρωμένους Jul.Or.2.66b

;

ἴχνη ὑποψίας εἴς τινα φέρει Antipho 2.3.10

;

μήτ' ἴ. μήτ' αἴθυγμα.. παραδιδόντων Phld.Sign.29

, cf. Rh.1.91 S.

2 poet., foot, E.Ba. 1134, Herod.7.20.

3 hard sole of the foot, LXX De.11.24,al., Gal.10.876, Orib.47.9.7; sole of a shoe, Hp.Art.62,Arr.Ind.16.5; sandal, POxy.1449.51 (pl., iii A.D.).

4 τὰ ἴ. τῶν χειρῶν the palms of the hands, LXX 1 Ki.5.4.

5 ἴ. ἀνθρώπινον, as a measure of length, Ruf.Anat.31.

6 track, route in the desert, PRyl.197.8 (ii A.D.).

7 pl., representations of footprints as votive offerings indicating the presence of a God,

ἀνέθηκαν.. κατὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐνέργιαν ἴχνη αὐτοῦ χρύσεα τέσσερα BCH51.106

([place name] Panamara), etc.

ὀρτῠγο-θήρας, ου, ὁ,

A quail-catcher, Pl.Euthd. 290d.

ὀρτῠγο-τρόφος, ὁ,

A keeper of quails, Pl.Euthd. 290d.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: "holy", `dedicated to a god, divine', also in gen. praising `glorious, excellent, strong, quick etc.' (cf. below); ἱερόν n. `consecrated area, temple' (posthom.), ἱερά n. pl., rarely sg. `Weihgeschenk, sacrifice(animal)' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor., NWGr. ἱαρός, Ion. poet. ἰ̄ρός, Aeol. ἶρος

Dialectal forms: Myc. i-je-ro, i-je-re-u i-je-re-ja ijerowoko \/ ἱΏεροϜοργος\/

Compounds: As 1. member in many compp., not mentioned here.

Derivatives: (Dialectforms not noted): 1. ἱερεύς (Il.), Arc. Cypr. ἱερής, Ion. also ἱέρεως (hardly taken from ἀρχιέρεως, Sommer Nominalkomp. 129, Egli Heteroklisie 111f. with new explan.) m. `who performs the sacrifices (τὰ ἱερά), offerer, priest' (Schulze KZ 52, 193 = Kl. Schr. 573; after Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς rather backformation from ἱερεύω; on meaning and spread E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 81f.). From ἱερεύς: a) several feminines (cf. on βασιλεύς): ἱέρεια (Il.), Cypr. ἰερήϜιϳα, Ion. ἱερέη, -ῆ; ἱερηΐς (Megar.), ἱέρισσα (pap. II<sup>a</sup>); b) the nouns ἱερεία `priest-ship' (Thyateira; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 311), ἱερεῖον, -ήϊον `sacrif. animal' (Il.), ἱερ(ε)ωσύνη `priest-ship' (IA) with ἱερ(ε)ώσυνος `priesterly' (hell.); c) the adjective ἱερευτικός `priesterly (pap.); d) the denominatives ἱερεύω `offer, devote' (Il.) with ἱέρευσις (sch.) and ἱερεύσιμος (Plu. 2, 729d, besides θύσιμος; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94), or from ἱερός, ἱερά; ἱερεώομαι, ἱερεώσασθαι `be priest' (hell.; Schulze Symb. phil. Danielsson 304 = Kl. Schr. 325). - 2. ἱερόλας = ἱερεύς (S. Fr. 57; uncertain; on the formation Chantraine Formation 238). - 3. ἱερῖτιν καθαρμοῦ δεομένην, ἱκέτιν H. (A. Fr. 93). - 4. ἱερατικός `priesterly, hieratic' (Pl. Plt. 290d, Arist.; cf. also ἱερατεύω, ἱερατεία below). - 5. Ι῝ερυς PN (Leumann Glotta 32, 220). - 6. Several denomin.: a) ἱερεύω, cf. om ἱερεύς; b) ἱεράομαι care for the victims ( ἱερά)' (Hdt., Th.); c) ἱεράζω `id.' (Ion. islands), Boeot. ἱαρειάδδω, prob. from ἱαρεία; d) ἱερόω `consecrate' (Att., Locr. etc.) with ἱέρωμα `consecration' (Cret., Epid. etc.), ἱερωτός (Thess.); e) ἱερίζω = καθαίρω H. (s. ἁγνίτης) with ἱεριστής `who cares for the ἱερα' and ἱερισμός `holy service' (hell.); f) ἱερατεύω `be priest' with ἱερατεία, ἱεράτευμα, ἱερατεῖον; ἱεριτεύω `id.'; ἱερωτεύω `id.' with ἱερωτεία; all dialectical, hell.; on the formation Schwyzer 732, Solmsen Glotta 1, 80.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [299] * ish₁ro- `holy'

Etymology: The different meanings, partly also the variation in form induced many scholars to split ἱερός in two or even in three words. Thus one has because of the long anlaut in ἱ̄ερὸν ἰχθύν Π 407, ἱαρὸς ὄρνις (Alkm. Fr. 26) and ἱερὸς ὄρ. (AP 7, 171), which can be easily explained as metr. lengthening, assumed a special Ϝῑερός `rapid, quick', from where ἱέραξ `hawk' (s. v.). In the meaning `strong, forceful' ἱερός would however be identical with Skt. iṣirá- etwa `strong, active'; here also Celtic river names like Isara (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 121f.). A third ἱερός, as `holy', would have connections with Italic and Germanic, e. g. Osc. aisusis `sacrifiis', Paelign. aisis, Umbr. erus `dis', OHG ēra ` Ehre'. Thus esp. Schulze Q. 207ff. after Ahrens Phil. 27, 585ff., Solmsen Unt. 147ff. For uniform origin, though in parts different, Kuhn KZ 2, 274, Meillet Zeitschr. celt. Phil. 10, 309, Devoto Studi etr. 5, 316, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 21f., Specht in Schaeder ZDMG 94, 408, Duchesne-Guillemin Mélanges Boisacq 1, 333ff., who as support of the old comparison with Skt. iṣirá- pointed to the agreement between ἱερὸν μένος and Skt. iṣiréṇa mánasā (instr.). On which now R. Schmitt Dichtung u. Dichtersprache 111-114. - Kretschmer Glotta 11, 278ff. (s. also Glotta 30, 88) considered ἱερός as cross of Gr. * aisaros, * eiseros `divine' (with Etr. aesar `god' and Osc. aisusis etc.) and an IE word for `strong' (= Skt. iṣirá-). - See P. Wülfing von Martitz, Glotta 38 (1960) 272-307 and 39 (1961)24-43; s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 207. J.P. Locher, Unters. zυ ἱερός haupts. bei Homer (Berne 1963). The change ἱερός, ἱαρός, ἰ̄ρός (IE * iseros, *isr̥os, *isrós ?) Schwyzer 482 and 243; Ramat, Sprache 8 (1962) 4-28 connects Skt. iṣṇāti `set in movement', which gives * ish₁ro-. Lesbian ἶρος must be due to assimilation. Dot. ἱαρός is due to dev. before r. On the aspiration ibd. 219f. On the meaning (against ἅγιος, ἁγνός) Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 61ff.; also J. Chr. Bolkestein Ο῝σιος en εὑσεβής. diss. Amsterdam 1936, Palmer Eranos 53, 4ff., Defradas Rev. de phil. 81, 208ff. - Older lit. in Bq. García Ramón, Akten VII. Fachtagung, Innsbruck 1992, 183-205, connects 1. eis- (Pok. 299f.) `set in motion', i. e. Skt. iṣṇāti, Gr. ἰνάω (ῑ-), which gives * h₁ish₂-ro-, but assumes that between s and cons. a laryngeal was lost, giving ἰ̃ ρος etc.; - ερος and - αρος would be replacements.

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ἔξεστιν impers. verb, 3 sg. of the unused ἔξειμι; fut. ἐξέσται LXX (Eur., Hdt. et al.; LXX; ParJer 5:20; Just., A I, 66, 1; Ath.)

① to be authorized for the doing of someth., it is right, is authorized, is permitted, is proper.

ⓐ w. pres. inf. foll. (Lucian, Jud. 3; Esth 8:12g; 4 Macc 1:12; Ath. 32, 2 al.). Mt 12:2, 12; 14:4. W. aor. inf. foll. (X., An. 4, 3, 10; Ath. 6:3 al.) Mt 12:10; 15:26 D; 19:3; 22:17; 27:6; Mk 3:4 (ἔξεστιν … ἤ); 12:14; Lk 6:9; 14:3. Without inf., which is easily supplied fr. the context (cp. PRyl 77, 43 τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἐξῆν; Ath. 16, 3) Mk 2:24; Lk 6:2; Ac 8:36 [37] v.l.; 1 Cor 10:23.

ⓑ foll. by dat. of pers. and pres. inf. (X., Hiero 1, 26; BGU 1127, 20 [18 B.C.]; PSI 203, 7; Jos., Ant. 13, 252) Mk 6:18; Ac 16:21; 22:25; GJs 2:2. Foll. by dat. of pers. and aor. inf. (2 Esdr 4:14; 1 Macc 14:44) Mt 20:15; Mk 10:2; J 5:10; 18:31 (JAllen, Why Pilate?: CMoule Festschr., ’70, 78–83; on the legal issues s. also SSafrai, CRINT I/1, 397–400); Ac 21:37; GJs 1:2; 2:2.—Foll. by dat. of pers. without the necessity of supplying an inf. (PRyl 62, 16 πάντα τὰ ἄλλα ἔξεστί μοι) 1 Cor 6:12.

ⓒ foll. by acc. w. inf. (Pla., Pol., 290d al.) Mk 2:26; Lk 6:4 (s. B-D-F §409, 3; Rob. 1084f); 20:22.

ⓓ the ptc. of ἐ. is ἐξόν; by the addition of the copula, which must oft. be understood (as Isaeus 6, 50; Jos., Ant. 8, 404), it comes to mean the same as ἔξεστιν: w. pres. inf. foll. ISm 8:2; foll. by dat. of pers. and aor. inf. 2 Cor 12:4; PEg² 48 (cp. Just., A I, 66, 1). ἐ. ἦν w. dat., and aor. inf. (Esth 4:2; Jos., Ant. 20, 202) Mt 12:4. W. dat., and inf. to be supplied μὴ εἶναι ἐ. αὖτῷ he had no authority MPol 12:2.

② to be within the range of possibility, it is possible the ptc. of ἐ. (s. above) w. aor. inf. foll. Ac 2:29—B. 647. M-M. TW.