122b

δίφρος, ὁ, heterocl. pl. δίφρα, τά, Call.Dian. 135, Nonn.D.27.238: (perh. for διφόρος):—

A chariot-board, on which two could stand, the driver ([etym.] ἡνίοχος ) and the combatant ([etym.] παραιβάτης), Il.5.160, 11.748, Hes.Sc.61: metaph.,

ἕστηκεν ἐν τῷ δ. τῆς πόλεως Pl.R. 566d

.

2 chariot, Il.10.305, al., Pi.P.2.10, al., Arr.Tact.19.3, etc.;

ἐϋπλέκτῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ Il.23.335

;

μεταμείβοντος δίφρον ἐκ δίφρου Jul.Or.3.122b

; of the Sun's chariot, E.Ph.2, Call.Dian. 111;

Μοισᾶν δ. Pi.O.9.81

; travelling-car, Od.3.324; litter,

δ. κατάστεγος D.C.60.2

.

II seat, couch, stool, Il.3.424, 6.354, Od.19.97, Ar.Eq. 1164, Pl.R. 328c, etc.;

δ. Θετταλικός Eup.58

; = Lat. sella curulis, Plb.6.53.9, etc.; judge's seat of office, LXX 1 Ki.1.9, al.; royal throne, OGI199.38 (i A. D.); night-stool, Aristid.Or.49(25).19.

μεταφέρω, [tense] fut.

A

μετοίσω S.Ph. 962

: [tense] aor.

μετήνεγκα D.18.108

, part. - ενεγκών ib. 225: [tense] pf.

μετενήνοχα Pl.Criti. 113a

, and [voice] Pass. - ενήνεγμαι Id.Prt. 339a:—carry across, transfer,

τι εἴς τι Id.Ti. 73e

;

ἐκ τῶν ἀπόρων εἰς τοὺς εὐπόρους τὰς τριηραρχίας D.18.108

; ἀπὸ τούτου ἐφ' ἕτερον δικαστήριον Lex ap.eund. 21.94;

τὴν ἀδικίαν εἰς τὸν αὑτοῦ νόμον Id.24.76

;

ἐπὶ μὴ προσήκοντα πράγματα τοὺς λόγους Id.20.113

; divert funds to other uses, SIG577.65 (Milet., iii/ii B. C.); μ. κέντρα πώλοις apply the goad to the horses in turn, E.Ph. 178 (lyr.);

μ. ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους τὰς μηχανάς X.Cyr.1.6.39

; shift,

μ. τὰ σκεύη Thphr.Char.10.6

; μ. τι ἐπὶ τἀληθές translate it into reality, Pl.Ti. 26c; μ. [τὰ ὀνόματα] εἰς τὴν αὑτῶν φωνήν translate them into their own language, Id.Criti. 113a;

τὸ τῶν λῃτουργιῶν ὄνομ' ἐπὶ τὸ τῶν ἱερῶν μ. D.20.126

; of officials, transfer to another post, BGU15.11 ([voice] Pass., ii A. D.); transfer a sum in an account, PRev.Laws 16.10, al. (iii B. C.):—[voice] Med., bring over with one, ἐξ Αἰγίνης Ἀθήναζε μετενεγκαμένη τὴν πορνείαν Theopomp. Hist. 244;

μετηνέγκαντο τὰ σημεῖα ὡς τοὺς ἑτέρους D.H.9.6

:—[voice] Pass., to be transferred,

εἰς ποίησιν Pl.Prt. 339a

;

μ. ἐνθένδε ἐκεῖσε Jul.Or.3.122b

.

2 change, alter,

εἰ καὶ πάλιν γνώμην μετοίσεις S. Ph. 962

;

μ. τοὺς χρόνους D.18.225

; τὴν ἀξίωσιν μ. change, confound, Aeschin.3.220; of Poets,

μ. ταὔτ' ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω Xenarch.7.2

:— [voice] Pass.,

μετενήνεκται ὑμῖν τὰ τῆς πόλεως δίκαια Aeschin.3.193

; κύνες πυκνὰ μεταφερόμεναι doubling and casting about, X.Cyn.4.5.

3 Rhet., transfer a word to a new sense, use it in a changed sense: and abs., employ metaphor, Arist.EN 1167a10:—[voice] Pass.,

εὖ μετενήνεκται Id.Rh. 1405b6

, cf.

μεταφορά 11

;

ἀφ' ἑτέρων πραγμάτων μ. τὰς ὀνομασίας Phld.Rh.1.167

S.

4 μ. τοὔνομα ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον transfer the word to its literal meaning, re-interpret it etymologically, Arist.Top. 112a32.

τροφ-ή, ἡ, ([etym.] τρέφω)

A nourishment, food, Hdt.3.48, S.Ph.32, 953, Th.1.5, Ev.Matt. 3.4, Gal.6.35, Iamb.VP3.16, etc.;

ἡ καθ' ἡμέραν ἀναγκαία τ. Th.1.2

; the means of maintaining an army, provisions, forage,

τροφὴν παρέχειν Id.8.57

, cf. 6.93: pl., OGI56.70 (Canopus, iii B. C.), etc.

2 βίου τροφαί way of life, livelihood, living, S.OC 338, 446; τροφή alone,

δουλίαν ἕξειν τροφήν Id.Aj. 499

, cf. OC 362;

φεῦ τῆς ἀνύμφου.. σῆς τροφῆς Id.El. 1183

;

τὰς ἐκ γῆς τ. ηὕρετο Pl.Prt. 322a

: then, simply, mode of life,

δίκην τίνουσαι τῆς προτέρας τ. Id.Phd. 81d

, cf. 84b;

βώμιοι τ. E. Ion 52

.

3 that which provides or procures sustenance, as the bow of Philoctetes,

χερὶ πάλλων τὰν ἐμὰν μελέου τροφάν S.Ph. 1126

(lyr.).

4 a meal, τροφαῖς τέτταρσιν ἐχρῶντο Philem.Gloss. ap. Ath. 1.11d.

II nurture, rearing,

παιδία.. τρέφειν.. τροφήν τινα τοιήνδε Hdt.2.2

, cf. 3; χάριν τροφᾶς ἀμείβων v.l. in A.Ag. 729 (lyr.);

νέας τροφῆς στερηθείς S.Aj. 511

;

μητρὸς τ. E. Ion 1377

: freq. in pl., ἐν τροφαῖσιν while in the nursery, opp. ἐφηβήσας, A.Th. 665;

ἠνυτόμαν τροφαῖς Id.Ag. 1159

(lyr.);

ὦ δυσάθλιαι τ. S.OC 330

;

αἱ ἐμαὶ τ. E.Tr. 1187

;

τ. δημόσιαι Arist.Rh. 1361a36

; ἐκτίνων τροφάς, much like τροφεῖα, A.Th. 548;

οἷς ὀδύνας ἀντὶ τροφῶν ἔλιπον IG12(5).973

([place name] Tenos).

2 education, E.Hec. 599 (pl.);

τ. τε καὶ παιδεία Pl.Alc.1.122b

, cf. Arist. EN 1179b34, 1180a26, al.

3 rearing or keeping of animals, Hdt. 2.65;

τροφαῖς ἵππων Pi.O.4.16

.

III sts. in Poets for the concrete θρέμμα, brood, νέα τ. a new generation, S.OT1, cf. A.Th. 786 (lyr.); of animals, ἀρνῶν τροφαί, i.e. young lambs, E.Cyc. 189.

IV a place in which animals are reared,

ἰβίων τροφαί PTeb. 5.70

, cf. 62.19, al. (ii B. C.), PPetr.3p.221 (iii B. C.), etc.

φῐλομᾰχ-έω,

A to be fond of fighting, eager to fight, Plu.Pomp.65, Caes.52, Fab.5, etc.;

φ. πρὸς τὸν Ἀννίβαν Id.2.195d

: metaph. of argument, ib.122b, etc.

ἀφροσέληνος, ὁ,

A = σεληνίτης, Ps.-Democr. ap. Zos.Alch.p.122B., Dsc.5.141.

ἄντυξ, ῠγος, ἡ,

A edge or rim of anything round or curved; and so,

I in Hom. (only in Il.):

1 rim of round shield, 11.6.118, al., E.Rh. 373 (lyr.).

2 rail round front of chariot,

ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας 5.262

, 322;

δοιαὶ δὲ περίδρομοι ἄντυγές εἰσι 5.728

;

καὶ ἄντυγες αἱ περὶ δίφρον 11.535

: in pl. also S.Aj. 1030, Pl.Tht. 207a: in sg.,

μάρπτει δὲ.. ἡνίας ἀπ' ἄντυγος E.Hipp. 1188

.

II post-Hom.:

1 pl., the chariot itself, S.El. 746, E.Ph. 1193: sg.,

κατ' ἄντυγα Νυκτὸς ὀπαδοί Theoc.2.166

, cf. Jul.Or.3.122b.

2 bridge of the lyre, E. Hipp. 1135(lyr.).

3 orbit of a planet, h.Hom.8.8, Procl.H.2.17; vault of heaven,

ἄ. οὐρανίη AP9.806

, cf. 11.292 (Pall.);

ἄ. αἰθερίη IGRom.4.607

; orb, circle of the world, Nonn.D.38.108; ἄ. ἡμίτομος.. σελάνας the disk of the half-moon, Mosch.2.88.

4 in Nonnus, of the curve of the body, ἄ. μαζοῦ, μηρῶν, D.1.348, 15.228, so perh. in Herod.8.29.

5 outermost tier, in a theatre, ἡ ἐσχάτη ἄ. τοῦ

θεάτρου Eun.VSp.489B.

—Poet. word, used by Pl.l.c., Luc.D Deor. 25.2, in signf. 1.2, cf. also 11.5.

ἐφίστημι, [dialect] Ion. [pref] ἐπ-:

A causal in [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor. 1 (also in the later [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. ἐφέστᾰκα, ἐφεστάκειν [ᾰ], v. infr. 11.1, VI. 2):

I set, place upon,

τεῖχος τείχει Th.2.75

;

τι ἐπί τινος Pl.Criti. 116a

;

τι ἐπί τινι X.HG3.1.7

;

ὅρους ἐπὶ οἰκίαν D.41.6

: metaph.,

ἐ. τὴν ἐκεῖ μοῖραν βίῳ Pl.R. 498c

;

ἀνάγκην τινί D.H.1.16

.

II set over,

μ' Ἀπόλλων τῷδ' ἐπέστησεν τέλει A.Ag. 1202

;

φύλακ' ἐπέστησεν βοτ Id.Supp. 303

;

ἐ. τινὰ ὕπαρχόν τισι Hdt.5.27

;

τινὰ παιδαγωγόν τινι Pl. Alc.1.122b

, cf. X.Lac.2.1;

τινὰ πεντηκοντόρῳ Id.An.5.1.15

;

τινὰ τοῖς πράγμασι Isoc.2.27

;

τὸν νόμον Arist.Pol. 1292b28

;

ἐπὶ [συμμάχων] τινά Plb.2.65.9

;

ἐφεστάκει τινὰς πρὸς χρείαν Id.10.20.5

;

κύνα ἐπὶ ποίμνην D.26.22

;

τινὰ ἐπὶ τὰς εὐθύνας Id.18.112

: c. inf.,

βουλὴν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τῆς εὐκοσμίας Isoc.7.37

:—[voice] Pass., to be appointed, instituted, PTeb.61 (b).358 (ii B. C.), etc.

2 bring in,

ἡ τύχη ἐπιστήσασα Ῥωμαίους Plb.15.20.6

; Φίλιππον ἐ. τοῖς πράγμασι to let him have a hand in the business, D.19.34.

3 bring in, cause, occasion,

κατάπληξίν τισι D.S.14.62

; κίνδυνον, ἀγῶνά τινι, App.Hann.55, Syr.10;

ἡ τύχη λοιμικὴν διάθεσιν ἐπέστησε Γαλάταις Plb.2.20.7

.

III set up, establish,

ἀγῶνα Hdt.1.167

, 6.38: c. acc. et inf., ordain, prescribe,

ὁ νόμος ἐφίστησι τὰ λοιπὰ κρίνειν τοὺς ἄρχοντας Arist.Pol. 1287a26

; ἐπιστήσατε quid facere debeamus, Plin.Ep.6.31.12.

IV set by or near to,

ἐπιστήσαντες κύκλῳ τὸ σῆμα ἱππέας Hdt.4.72

; esp. place in rear, of troops,

τὴν φάλαγγα τούτοις κατόπιν ἐ. Plb.1.33.6

, cf. 1.26. 14.

V stop, cause to halt,

ἐπιστῆσαι τὸ στράτευμα X.Cyr.4.2.18

; τὴν ὁδόν, τὴν πορείαν, D.S.17.112, Plu.Cim.1;

τοὺς ἱππέας τοῦ πρόσω Arr.An.5.16.1

; ἐ. τὴν ὁρμήν check it, Plb.16.34.2; τὴν διήγησιν interrupt it, Id.7.11.1; check,

ἔμμηνα Dsc.1.125

, cf. POxy.1088.20 (i A. D.): abs., ἐπιστήσας (sc. ἑαυτόν) having halted, X.An.1.8.15:—[voice] Pass., to be checked, stopped, PPetr.2p.62 (iii B. C.);

ἐὰν ἐφίστηται ἡ κοιλία Sor.1.122

.

VI ἐφίστημι τὴν διάνοιαν κατά τι, περί τινος, fix one's mind upon it, attend to it, Isoc.9.69, Arist.Metaph. 987b3, Thphr. Char.Prooem., etc.;

τὴν σκέψιν περί τινος Arist.Metaph. 1090a2

;

τὸν λόγον Id.Juv. 470b5

;

τὸν νοῦν τινι D.S.12.1

;

αὑτὸν ἐπιστήσας ἐπί τι Arist.Top. 135a26

: ἐπιστῆσαι abs., give attention,

τούτοις ἐπιστήσαντες Id.Mu. 391a26

;

περί τινος Id.GC 315b18

;

περί τι Id.HA 487a13

;

ἐπί τι Plb.1.65.5

, etc.; ἐπιστήσασι μᾶλλον λεκτέον one must speak with more care and accuracy, Arist.Pol. 1335b3, cf. EN 1144a22;

πότερον.. ἤ Jul.

ad Them.265b; ὅτι .. Sor.1.97 (hence ἐπίσταμαι, ἐπιστήμη, qq.v.).

2 c. acc. pers., arrest the attention of, Plu.TG17, cf. 2.17e, Gal.18(2).105; ἐπιστῆσαί τινα ἐπί τι call his attention to, Plb. 2.61.11, cf. 4.34.9; τοῦ καιροῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διήγησιν ἐφεστακότος ἡμᾶς ἐπί τι having led us to.., Id.10.21.2, cf. 31.23.1: hence, object, Plot. 1.4.5.

B intr. in [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., ἐφίσταμαι, [tense] aor. 1 ἐπεστάθην [S.] Fr. [1127.5], E.Hipp. 819, IT 1375, etc., with [tense] pf., [tense] plpf. ([dialect] Aeol. [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg.

ἐπήστᾱκε Schwyzer 646.16

(Cyme, ii B. C.): [dialect] Dor. [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3pl. ἐφεστάκεον [ᾱ] SIG241.146 (Delph., iv B. C.)), and [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act.: (the causal tenses are not found in Hom., the [voice] Med. or [voice] Pass. only in [tense] impf.

ἐφίστατο Il.11.644

; elsewh. always [tense] aor. 2 or [tense] pf. [voice] Act. with [dialect] Ep. inf.

ἐφεστάμεναι Od.24.380

):— stand upon,

τεῖχος.. ῥύατ' ἐφεσταότες Il.18.515

;

πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.373

;

δίφρῳ ἐφεσταότος 17.609

, etc.;

ἐπέστη βηλῷ ἔπι λιθέῳ 23.201

;

ἡ.. ἐπισταθεῖσα ὀρθή Arist.Metaph. 1051a28

;

ἐπὶ τὰς.. σχεδίας Plb.3.46.8

.

2 to be imposed upon,

μόχθων τῶν ἐφεστώτων ἐμοί S.Tr. 1170

.

3 stand on the top or surface, τὸ ἐπιστάμενον [τοῦ γάλακτος], i. e. cream, Hdt.4.2;

λιπαρότητες ἄνω ἐφιστάμεναι Hp.Prog.12

; ἐ. καθάπερ ὀρρὸς [γάλακτι] Dsc.1.72; of vapour, form, Arist.Juv. 469b31.

II to be set over,

ἐφίσταται πύλαις A.Th. 538

;

οἷός τε πολλοῖς προβατίοις ἐφεστάναι Ar.V. 955

;

οἷοι νῷν ἐφεστᾶσι σκοποί S.Aj. 945

;

ἄρχοντες ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ μέρει ἐ. X. Hier.9.5

;

ἐπί τινος Pl.R. 460b

;

ἐπὶ τῆς πολιτείας D.19.298

: rarely c. gen.,

τὸν ἐπεστεῶτα τῆς διώρυχος Hdt.7.117

;

ὅσοι θεοῦ χρημάτων ἐφέστασαν E.Andr. 1098

: abs. in part., ὁ ἐφεστηκώς the person in authority, the officer in command, X.Oec.21.9; οἱ ἐφεστῶτες, [dialect] Ion. οἱ ἐπεστεῶτες, Hdt.2.148, S.Aj. 1072, X.Mem.3.5.19.

III stand by or near,

ὣς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il.13.133

; ἐπ' ἄκρῳ χείλει ἐφεσταότες, ἐ. παρὰ τάφρῳ, 12.52, 199;

θύρῃσιν ἐφίστατο 11.644

; ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας, ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας, Hdt.3.77, Pl.Smp. 212d;

ἐπὶ τοῖς προθύροις Id.Phlb. 64c

; esp. of dreams or visions, appear to,

εὕδοντι ἐπέστη ὄνειρος Hdt.1.34

, cf. 7.14;

ὄναρ κεφαλῆφιν ἐπέστη Il.10.496

;

ἐπιστᾶσα τῆς νυκτός Isoc.10.65

;

ἄγγελος ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς Ev.Luc.2.9

: abs., stand by, Hdt.3.78;

πολλῶν ἐφεστώτων App.Syr.10

;

ἤμην ἐφεστώς Act.Ap.22.20

;

οἱ λέβητες ἐπεστεῶτες Hdt.1.59

;

ὁ ἀντίδικος ἐφέστηκε Pl.Tht. 172e

, cf. Aeschin.3.79; without hostile sense,

ἐπέστης S.OC 558

, cf. Ev.Luc.2.38, etc.; of troops, to be posted after or behind,

κατόπιν ἐ. τοῖς θηρίοις Plb.16.18.7

.

2 in hostile sense, stand against,

τὰ φρονέοντες ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il.15.703

, cf.5.624;

ἔνθα μένος πνείοντες ἐφέστασαν Od.22.203

, cf. 24.380; appear before, of an army,

ἐπὶ τῇ πόλι Hdt.4.203

;

ἐπὶ τὸ βασίλειον Isoc.9.58

; come upon suddenly or by surprise, Th.8.69;

ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστὰς τοῖς γιγνομένοις Isoc.8.41

, cf. D.6.5, Luc.DDeor.17.1;

εἰς τοὺς ὄχλους Isoc.18.9

; so of events, etc.,

αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐ. ὄλεθρος 1 Ep.Thess.5.3

, cf. Ev.Luc.21.34;

διὰ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ζόφον Plb.18.20.7

;

διὰ τὸν ὑετὸν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα Act.Ap.28.2

.

3 metaph., of events, spring upon one, occur,

πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ' ἐπέστη S.OT 777

, cf. Th.3.82; in [tense] pf., impend, be at hand,

τὸν ἐφεστηκότα κίνδυνον τῇ πόλει D.18.176

;

ὁ καιρός.. ἐφέστηκε 2 Ep.Ti.4.6

;

περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως.. ὁ λόγος ἐφέστηκε νῦν Arist.Pol. 1287a2

, cf. Metaph. 999a25; of a more remote future, to be in store, lie in wait for,

κῆρες ἐφεστᾶσιν θανάτοιο Il.12.326

.

IV halt, stop, as in a march,

ἄλλοτε καὶ ἄλλοτε ἐφιστάμενος X.An.2.4.26

(cf. A. V);

ἐπιστὰς περιέμεινα Pl.Smp. 172a

: c. gen.,

ἐ. τοῦ πλοῦ Th.2.91

.

V fix one's mind on, give one's attention to,

σφαγῇ E.Andr. 547

;

τῇ τρύγῃ PFlor.236.4

(iii A. D.);

ἐπί τι Isoc.10.29

, D.18.60;

τοῖς πράγμασιν.. ἐπιστάντες Id.4.12

; ἐπιστάς abs. (sc. τοῖς πράγμασι), Id.18.233;

διὰ ταῦτ' ἐγρήγορεν, ἐφέστηκεν Id.6.19

.

C [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med. in causal sense, set up,

τὰς θύρας X.Ages.8.7

; set, post,

φρουροὺς ἐπεστησάμην Id.Cyr.8.2.19

; τέλος ἐπιστήσασθαι, Lat. finem imponere, Pl.Lg. 802a: [tense] pres. is once so used, τοῦ με τήνδ' ἐφίστασαι βάσιν; why dost thou cause me to halt? S.Tr. 339.

2 ἐπιστησάμενος, intr., having been ἐπιστάτης, IGRom.4.1265 ([place name] Thyatira).

ἱερός (v. sub fin.), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase

A

ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes. Op. 597

, 805, Orac. ap. Hdt.8.77: [dialect] Ion. and poet. [full] ἱρός, ή, όν (v. sub fin.): [dialect] Dor. and N. Greek [full] ἱᾰρός IG22.1126.20, etc.: [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἶρος Sapph.Supp.23.25, Alc.Supp.8.4, but [full] ἴαρος (corr. from ἴερ-) Sapph. Supp. 20a.6: [comp] Sup.

ἱερώτατος Ar.Eq. 582

(lyr.), Pl.Lg. 755e.

I filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural,

ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Od.2.409

, al.;

ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421

, etc.; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, Il.11.631, 5.499;

Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes.Op.

Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Od.10.351, Il.11.726, E.Med. 410 (lyr.); λιβάς, of the Spercheus, S.Ph. 1215 (lyr.); ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', Od.10.275; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, Il.8.66, 11.194;

φάος Hes.Op. 339

; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perh.= ἵπποι) Il.17.464; after Hom.,

ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης A.Fr. 192

(anap.);

ἱ. κῦμα E.Hipp. 1206

, cf. Cyc. 265;

ὄμβρος S.OT 1428

;

δρόσοι E. Ion 117

(lyr.); ὕπνος, of death, Call.Epigr.11; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, Theoc.5.22.

II of divine things, holy,

ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Od.10.426

;

ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων Hes.Th.21

; λέχος, of Zeus, ib.57; δόσις the gift of God, ib. 93; πόλεμος holy war, ' crusade', Ar.Av. 556, etc.

2 of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated,

βωμοί Il.2.305

; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena, 6.89;

ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99

, 431, etc.;

ἐλαίη Od.13.372

;

χοαί S.OC 469

, etc.; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, Hdt.2.36; but ἱ. γράμματα of the Holy Scriptures, 2 Ep.Tim.3.15;

ἱ. βύβλοι OGI56.70

(Canopus, iii B.C.); ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, S.OT 1379, E. Ion 512, etc.;

χρήματα Pl.R. 568d

, etc.;

ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν E. Ion 1285

; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, Str.6.2.6;

χῆνες Plu.2.325c

; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [

κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο Hdt.2.42

; so perh.

ἱ. ἰχθύς Il.16.407

; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. sacrosanctus,

ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος Plu.TG15

, etc.; of Augustus, Mon.Anc.Gr. 5.17; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, D.21.35, cf. SIG685.81 (ii B.C.); ἱ. λόγος legend, Hdt.2.81, etc.;

οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι Pl.Ep. 335a

; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, Men.320, Phot. s.v.; opp. βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, D.H.7.8, AB223; but more freq.

ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος Th.2.52

, X.Vect.5.4, etc.; cf. ὅσιος.

3 under divine protection, freq. of places,

Ἴλιος Il.5.648

, Alc.Supp.8.4;

Πύλος Od. 21.108

;

Θήβη Sapph.Supp. 20a

.6; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, Od.1.2, Il.16.100;

Ἀθῆναι Od.11.323

, cf. Pi.Fr.75, S. Aj. 1221 (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar.Eq. 1037;

Σούνιον ἱρόν Od.3.278

; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, Il.18.504: with gen. of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, Od.6.322, 13.104, cf. Hdt.1.80,2.41, Ar.Pl. 937, X.An.5.3.13, etc.;

γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν Pl.Lg. 955e

; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον ib. 755e, cf. Ti. 45a; with gen. of a human being,

Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι IG12.920

.

b of persons,

φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Il.10.56

;

ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681

;

στρατός Od.24.81

;

βασιλέες Pi.P.5.97

; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, S.OC 287; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, Ar.Ra. 652; c. gen. of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, E.Alc.75, Pl.Phd. 85b.

c under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial,

ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων IGRom.4.571

(Aezani, ii A.D.); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, ib.3.727 ([place name] Lycia), SIG888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), PHamb.4.8 (i A.D.): generally, worshipful,

ἱ. σύνοδος OGI713.9

(Egypt, iii A.D.), etc.

III as Subst.,

1 [full] ἱερά, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims,

ἱερὰ ῥέξας Il.1.147

, etc.;

ἔρδειν Hes.Op. 336

;

διδόναι Od.16.184

;

ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά Il.2.420

, cf. 23.207: less freq. in sg.,

ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ 10.571

;

θῦσαι ἱρά Hdt.1.59

, 8.54, etc.;

θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν Id.2.63

;

αἴθειν S. Ph. 1033

;

ἱ. πατρῷα A.Th. 1015

;

ἱ. ἐπιχώρια Democr.259

.

b after Hom., omens afforded by sacrifice,

τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Hdt. 5.44

; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] X.An.1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. ib. 2.2.3.

c generally, sacred objects or rites, Hdt.1.172,4.33;

τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον D.57.3

; of cult-images, IG Rom.3.800 (syllium).

2 after Hom., [full] ἱερόν, [dialect] Ion. [full] ἱρόν, τό, holy place, Hdt.5.119,al.; opp. νηός, Id.2.170, cf. Th.4.90,5.18; freq. of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. Hdt.2.112; of the Jewish temple, LXX 1 Ch.29.4, Plb.16.39.4, Str.16.2.34, Ev.Matt.24.1.

3 ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, E.Hel. 1002.

4 [full] ἱερός, ὁ (sc. μήν), name of month at Delos, IG12.377.22, 11(2).203A31 (iii B.C.).

5 ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in SIG1010.7 ([place name] Chalcedon), etc.; also of women, [full] ἱεραί, αἱ, IG5(1). l.c., cf. 1511 ([place name] Sparta).

b = ἱερόδουλος, ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), Inscr.Perg.572, GDI5702.39 ([place name] Samos).

IV special phrases, post-Hom.,

1 prov., ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, Plu. 2.815d, Luc.JTr.51, Fug.13, Poll.1.93, Gal.11.182.

2 ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, Eub.57.1.

3 ἱ. βοτάνη, v. βοτάνη.

4 ἱ. (sc. γραμμή) (cf.

γραμμή 111.1

), last line of draught-board,

κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας.. λίθον Alc.82

, cf. Epich.225, Sophr.127; τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς (v.l. τὴν ἱεράν) Plu.Cor.32.

5 ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, Arist.HA 620b35, cf. Ath.7.282e, Plu.2.981d.

6 ἱ. λόχος, v. λόχος.

7 ἱερά (sc. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), SIG1073.48 (Olymp.); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood Ephesus, App.vi p.70; so

ἱ. ἀθλήματα Inscr.Olymp.56

;

ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη IG9(2).525

([place name] Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο ib.527 (ibid.); ἱερός (sc. ἀγών) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον 'divide the honours', Plb.1.58.5, 29.8.9.

8 ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, Hdt.3.33, Hp.Morb. Sacr.tit., Thphr.HP9.11.3, etc., cf. Call.Aet.3.1.14: metaph.,

τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε Heraclit.46

( = Epicur.Fr. 224).

9 ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, Hdt.6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, Cratin. 61, Paus.1.36.3, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, Paus. 5.25.7.

10 ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, Hp. Art.45, Plu.2.981d, Gal.UP5.8, etc.

11 ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, Pl.Ep. 321c, X.An.5.6.4, cf. Pl.Thg. 122b, Luc.Rh.Pr. 1.

12 ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, Poll.2.180.

13 ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), D.4.34.

14 freq. in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, Str. 14.3.8; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, Id.2.4.3; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, Plb.16.1.8; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, Th.3.88; one of the insulae Aegates, Plb.1.60.3.

V Adv. - ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν v.l. in Plu.Lyc.27. [[pron. full] ῐ by nature, but sts. [pron. full] ῑ in [dialect] Ep., esp. in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, Il.16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., Theoc.5.22; also in compds. ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: [pron. full] ῑ always in [var] contr. form ἱρός wh. is used in [dialect] Ep., Hdt., and some [dialect] Ion. inscrr., as IG12(8).265.9 ([place name] Thasos), cf. Semon.7.56, Herod.4.79, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., A.Th. 268, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]

ἀγάπη, ης, ἡ (this term has left little trace in polytheistic Gk. lit. A sepulchral ins, prob. honoring a polytheistic army officer, who is held in ‘high esteem’ by his country [SEG VIII, 11, 6 (III A.D.)] sheds light on an ex. such as Philod., παρρ. col. 13a, 3 Oliv., but s. Söding [below] 294. The restorations in POxy 1380, 28 and 109f [II A.D.] are in dispute: s. New Docs 4, 259 [lit.]; Söding [end] 294f, n. 68 [lit.]. For other exx. from the Gr-Rom. world s. Ltzm., exc. after 1 Cor 13; L-S-J-M; ACeresa-Gastaldo, Αγάπη nei documenti anteriori al NT: Aegyptus 31, ’51, 269–306, has a new pap and a new ins ex. fr. III A.D. secular sources; in RivFil 31, ’53, 347–56 the same author shows it restored in an ins of 27 B.C., but against C-G. s. lit. Söding 293, n. 57. In Jewish sources: LXX, esp. SSol, also pseudepigr., Philo, Deus Imm. 69; Just., D. 93, 4. Cp. ACarr, ET 10, 1899, 321–30. Its paucity in gener. Gk. lit. may be due to a presumed colloq. flavor of the noun (but s. IPontEux I, 359, 6 as parallel to 2 Cor 8:8 below). No such stigma attached to the use of the verb ἀγαπαω (q.v.).

① the quality of warm regard for and interest in another, esteem, affection, regard, love (without limitation to very intimate relationships, and very seldom in general Greek of sexual attraction).

ⓐ of human love

α. without indication of the pers. who is the object of interest (cp. Eccl 9:1, 6; Sir 48:11 v.l.): ἀ. as subj. ἡ ἀ. οἰκοδομεῖ 1 Cor 8:1.—13:4, 8 (on 1 Cor 13 see the comm. [Maxim Tyr. 20:2 praise of ἔρως what it is not and what it is; s. AHarnack, SBBerlAk 1911, 132–63, esp. 152f; ELehmann and AFridrichsen, 1 Cor 13 e. christl.-stoische Diatribe: StKr Sonderheft 1922, 55–95]; EHoffmann, Pauli Hymnus auf d. Liebe: Dtsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwiss. u. Geistesgesch. 4, 1926, 58–73; NLund, JBL 50, ’31, 266–76; GRudberg, Hellas och Nya Testamentet ’34, 149f; HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 5, ’41, 1–32, Nuntius 6, ’52, 47f); Phil 1:9. ἡ ἀ. κακὸν οὐκ ἐργάζεται Ro 13:10; πλήρωμα νόμου ἡ ἀ. ibid.; ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀ. τ. πολλῶν Mt 24:12; ἡ ἀ. ἀνυπόκριτος let love be genuine Ro 12:9, cp. 2 Cor 6:6. As predicate 1 Ti 1:5; 1J 4:16b (cp. bα). As obj. ἀγάπην ἔχειν (Did., Gen. 221, 30) 1 Cor 13:1–3; Phil 2:2 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντες Just., D. 93, 4; διώκειν 1 Cor 14:1; 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; ἐνδύσασθαι τὴν ἀ. Col 3:14. ἀφιέναι Rv 2:4.—2 Pt 1:7; Col 1:8. ἐμαρτύρησάν σου τῇ ἀ. 3J 6. Attributively in gen. case ὁ κόπος τῆς ἀ. 1 Th 1:3; τὸ τ. ὑμετέρας ἀ. γνήσιον the genuineness of your love 2 Cor 8:8. ἔνδειξις τῆς ἀ. vs. 24; cp. πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀ. Tit 2:10 v.l.—Hb 10:24; Phil 2:1; 1 Pt 5:14; 1 Cl 49:2.—In prep. phrases ἐξ ἀγάπης out of love Phil 1:16; παράκλησις ἐπὶ τῇ ἀ. σου comfort from your love Phlm 7; περιπατεῖν κατὰ ἀ., ἐν ἀ. Ro 14:15; Eph 5:2; ἐν ἀ. ἔρχεσθαι (opp. ἐν ῥάβδῳ) 1 Cor 4:21; ἀληθεύειν ἐν ἀ. Eph 4:15. Other verbal combinations w. ἐν ἀ., 1 Cor 16:14; Eph 3:17; 4:2; Col 2:2; 1 Th 5:13; cp. Eph 4:16 (on Eph 1:4 s. bα). ἐν τῇ ἀ. 1J 4:16b, 18. διὰ τῆς ἀ. δουλεύετε ἀλλήλοις Gal 5:13. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη 5:6. διὰ τὴν ἀ. παρακαλῶ for love’s sake I appeal Phlm 9. μετὰ ἀγάπης πολιτεύεσθαι live in love 1 Cl 51:2.—W. ἀλήθεια 2J 3; πίστις 1 Th 3:6; 5:8; 1 Ti 1:14; 2 Ti 1:13; Phlm 5; B 11:8; IEph 1:1; 9:1; 14:1 al. W. πίστις and other concepts on the same plane Eph 6:23; 1 Ti 2:15; 4:12; 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; 3:10; Tit 2:2; Rv 2:19; Hm 8:9; cp. v 3, 8, 2–5. The triad πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη 1 Cor 13:13; s. also Col 1:4f; 1 Th 1:3; 5:8; B 1:4 (cp. Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24 τέσσαρα στοιχεῖα μάλιστα κεκρατύνθω περὶ θεοῦ• πίστις, ἀλήθεια, ἔρως, ἐλπίς and s. Rtzst., Hist. Mon. 1916, 242ff, NGG 1916, 367ff; 1917, 130ff, Hist. Zeitschr. 116, 1916, 189ff; AHarnack, PJ 164, 1916, 5ff=Aus d. Friedens-u. Kriegsarbeit 1916, 1ff; PCorssen, Sokrates 7, 1919, 18ff; ABrieger, D. urchr. Trias Gl., Lbe, Hoff., diss. Heidelb. 1925; WTheiler, D. Vorbereitung d. Neuplatonismus 1930, 148f). W. δύναμις and σωφρονισμός 2 Ti 1:7. Cp. B 1:6.—Attributes of love: ἀνυπόκριτος Ro 12:9; 2 Cor 6:6. γνησία 1 Cl 62:2. φιλόθεος and φιλάνθρωπος Agr 7. σύμφωνος IEph 4:1 ἄοκνος IPol 7:2. ἐκτενής 1 Pt 4:8. It is a fruit of the Spirit καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος Gal 5:22, and takes first rank among the fruits. ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 15:30; cp. Col 1:8. Since the term denotes concern for another, the sense alms, charity ISm 6:2 is readily apparent (cp. ἀ. λαμβάνειν ‘receive alms’ PGen 14, 7).—ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν ἀδελφῶν the members greet you with love IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, cp. ITr 13:1; IRo 9:3. In these passages the object of the love is often made plain by the context; in others it is

β. expressly mentioned

א. impers. ἀ. τῆς ἀληθείας 2 Th 2:10; ἀ. τῆς πατρίδος love for the homeland 1 Cl 55:5.

ב. human beings ἀ. εἴς τινα love for someone εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους Eph 1:15; Col 1:4. εἰς ἀλλήλους καὶ εἰς πάντας 1 Th 3:12; 2 Th 1:3; cp. 2 Cor 2:4, 8; 1 Pt 4:8; 2J 6. ἐν ἀλλήλοις J 13:35. ἐξ ἡμῶν ἐν ὑμῖν 2 Cor 8:7; ἡ ἀ. μου μετὰ ὑμῶν 1 Cor 16:24.

ג. God or Christ (πρὸς τὸν θεόν Orig., C. Cels. 3, 15, 12) ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ love toward God (but in many cases the gen. may be subjective) Lk 11:42; J 5:42; 2 Th 3:5; 1J 2:5, 15; 3:17; 4:12; 5:3; 2 Cor 7:1 P 46 (for φόβος); ἀ. εἰς θεὸν καὶ Χριστὸν καὶ εἰς τὸν πλησίον Pol 3:3; ἀ. εἰς τὸ ὄνομα θεοῦ Hb 6:10.

ⓑ of the love of God and Christ

α. to humans. Of God (cp. Wsd 3:9): 1J 4:10; ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 4:9, 16. εἰς ἡμᾶς Ro 5:8, cp. vs. 5. τετελείωται ἡ ἀ. μεθʼ ἡμῶν 1J 4:17 (s. HPreisker app. to HWindisch Comm. 167); ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ἐν χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:39. ἀγάπην διδόναι bestow love 1J 3:1; ἐν ἀ. προορίσας ἡμᾶς εἰς υἱοθεσίαν Eph 1:4f: the rhythm of the passage suggests the believers as agents for ἀ. in vs. 4 (cp. vs. 15), but 2:4 favors God; s. the comm.—2 Cor 13:13; Jd 2 and 21. God is the source of love 1J 4:7, the θεὸς τῆς ἀ. 2 Cor 13:11, and therefore God is love 1J 4:8, 16. Christians, embraced by God’s love, are τέκνα ἀγάπης B 9:7; 21:9.—Of Jesus’ love J 15:9, 10a, 13 (s. MDibelius, Joh 15:13: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 168–86); 1J 3:16.—Ro 8:35; 2 Cor 5:14; cp. Eph 3:19. Perh. the ἀληθὴς ἀγάπη of Pol 1:1 is a designation of Jesus or his exemplary concern for others.

β. of the relation betw. God and Christ J 15:10b; 17:26 (on the constr. cp. Pel.-Leg. 12, 21 ὁ πλοῦτος ὅν με ἐπλούτισεν ὁ σατανᾶς). τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἀ. αὐτοῦ of the son of (God’s) love, i.e. of (God’s) beloved son Col 1:13 (s. PsSol 13:9 υἱὸς ἀγαπήσεως).—WLütgert, D. L. im NT 1905; BWarfield, PTR 16, 1918, 1–45; 153–203; JMoffatt, Love in the NT 1929; HPreisker, StKr 95, 1924, 272–94, D. urchr. Botschaft v. der L. Gottes 1930; RSchütz, D. Vorgeschichte der joh. Formel ὁ θεὸς ἀγ. ἐστίν diss. Kiel 1917; CBowen, Love in the Fourth Gosp.: JR 13, ’33, 39–49; GEichholz, Glaube u. L. im 1 J: EvTh ’37, 411–37. On ἔρως and ἀ. s. Harnack, SBBerlAk 1918, 81–94; ANygren, Eros u. Agape I 1930, II ’37 (Eng. tr. Agape and Eros, AHebert and PWatson ’32, ’39; on this JRobinson, Theology 48, ’45, 98–104); LGrünhut, Eros u. Ag. ’31. Cp. CTarelli, Ἀγάπη: JTS n.s. 1, ’50, 64–67; ELee, Love and Righteousness: ET 62, ’50/51, 28–31; AŠuštar, Verbum Domini 28, ’50, 110–19; 122–40; 193–213; 257–70; 321–40; TOhm, D. Liebe zu Gott in d. nichtchristl. Religionen, ’50; WHarrelson, The Idea of Agape: JR 31, ’51, 169–82; VWarnach, Agape: Die Liebe als Grundmotiv der ntl. Theol. 1951; JSteinmueller, Ἐρᾶν, Φιλεῖν, Ἀγαπᾶν in Extrabiblical and Bibl. Sources: Studia Anselmiana 27f, ’51, 404–23.—Full bibliog. in HRiesenfeld, Étude bibliographique sur la notion biblique d’ ἀγάπη, surtout dans 1 Cor 13: ConNeot 5, ’41, 1–32; s. also EDNT.

② a common meal eaten by early Christians in connection with their worship, for the purpose of fostering and expressing mutual affection and concern, fellowship meal, a love-feast (the details are not discussed in the NT, although Paul implicitly refers to it 1 Cor 11:17ff; cp. D 9–10; s. also Pliny Ep. 10, 96, 7; AcPlTh 25 [Aa I 252]; Clem. Al., Paed. 2, 1, 4, Strom. 3, 2, 10; Pass. Perp. et Felic. 17, 1; Tertull., Apolog. 39, De Jejun. 17; Minucius Felix 31) Jd 12 (v.l. ἀπάταις; in 2 Pt 2:13 ἀγάπαις is v.l. for ἀπάταις; the same v.l. Eccl 9:6, where ἀπάτη in ms. S is meaningless: s. RSchütz, ZNW 18, 1918, 224; s. ἀγαπάω 3 on J 13:1, 34). ἀγάπη ἄφθαρτος IRo 7:3. ἀγάπην ποιεῖν hold a love-feast ISm 8:2, in both pass. w. prob. ref. to the eucharist (s. ἀγαπάω 2 and 3).—Meals accompanied by religious rites and in a religious context were conducted by various social groups among the Greeks from early times (s. Bauer’s Introduction, pp. xxvii–viii, above). A scholion on Pla. 122b says of such meals among the Lacedaemonians that they were called φιλίτια, because they φιλίας συναγωγά ἐστιν. Is ἀγ. perhaps a translation of φιλία into Christian terminology?—JKeating, The Ag. and the Eucharist in the Early Church 1901; HLeclercq, Dict. d’Arch. I 1903, 775–848; FFunk, Kirchengesch. Abhdlgen. 3, 1907, 1–41; EBaumgartner, Eucharistie u. Ag. im Urchr. 1909; RCole, Love Feasts, a History of the Christian Ag. 1916; GWetter, Altchr. Liturgien II 1921; HLietzmann, Messe u. Herrenmahl 1926 (on this ALoisy, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 1928, 77–95); KVölker, Mysterium u. Ag. 1927; DTambolleo, Le Agapi ’31; BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos in Verbindung mit der altchristlichen Agapenfeier, ’51.—TSöding, Das Wortfeld der Liebe im paganen und biblischen Griechisch: ETL 68, ’92, 284–330.—DELG s.v. ἀγαπάω. M-M. TW. Spicq. TRE s.v. Liebe.

ἀχρεῖος, ον (χρεῖος ‘useful’; Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; Jos., Vi. 50; 117; Ath., R. 70, 16 al.)

① pert. to being of no use or profit, esp. economic, useless, worthless of slaves (Ps.-Pla., Alcib. 1, 17 p. 122b τῶν οἰκετῶν τὸν ἀχρειότατον; Achilles Tat. 5, 17, 8; PParis 68, 54 ἀ. δούλους) in wordplay of one who fails to make a good investment profitless Mt 25:30.

② pert. to being unworthy of any praise, unworthy.—As suggested by the the words that immediately follow it, the clause λέγετε ὅτι δοῦλοι ἀχρεῖοί ἐσμεν Lk 17:10 may play on commercial associations of the cognate noun χρεῖος ‘debt’ Say, ‘We are slaves who are now debt-free’ (as respects the obligations cited in vs. 9), but the statement may simply be typical of servile self-abasement. ἀ. can mean more gener. unworthy, miserable (2 Km 6:22; Is 33:9 Sym., Theod.; Ezk 17:6), or simply worthless without moral connotation (Arrian, Anab. 1, 24, 3; 2, 7, 3). Therefore it is not nec. to omit the adj., as some commentators, following the Sin. Syr., have done (e.g. FBlass; AMerx; Wlh.; JWeiss; APott, D. Text des NTs.² 1919, 103; Moffatt, NT).—CdeVillapadierna, in ACacciari Festschr. ’94, 327–35 renders ‘simple slaves’:—DELG s.v. χρή. M-M.