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41 ἀνθρώπειος
A human, opp. θεῖος, Heraclit.78;τὰ-ήϊα Democr. 37
;ἀνθρωπηΐη φωνή Hdt.2.55
;ἡ ἀ. φύσις Id.3.65
, al.;ἀ. σῶμα Canthar.3D.
,ἀ τι παθεῖν IG5(1).1208.52
([place name] Gythium);ἀ. πήματα
such as man is subject to,A.
Pers. 706; ἀ. ψόγος reproach of men, Id.Ag. 937;τέχνη ἀ. Th.2.47
; ἀνθρωπήϊα πρήγματα human affairs, Hdt.1.32, cf. Pl.Prm. 134e;τὰ ἀ. A.Fr. 159
, Pl.Phd. 89e;ἅπαντα τἀ. S.Aj. 132
, Antiph.240b, etc.; τὸ ἀ. mankind, human nature,πέφυκε τὸ ἀ. ἄρχειν τοῦ εἴκοντος Th.4.61
, cf. 5.105.2 human, suited to man, within man's powers,ἡ ἀ. εὐδαιμονίη Hdt.1.5
; ἀδύνατον καὶ οὐκ ἀ. not for man to attempt, Pl.Prt. 344c;ὅσα γε τἀ.
in all human probability,Id.
Cri. 47a; κατὰ τὸ ἀ. (v.l. -πινον) Th.1.22.3 human, opp. mythical,ἡ ἀ. λεγομένη γενεή Hdt.3.122
.4 ἀνθρωπείους ἡμέρας· τὰς ἀποφράδας (Rhod.), Hsch.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνθρώπειος
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42 ἀπεννέπω
A forbid: abs., A.Th. 1058, E.Ph. 1657; ἀ. τι forbid it, S.OC 209; more freq. c. acc. et inf.,ἀ. τινὰ ποιεῖν E.Med. 813
, Heracl. 556; , HF 1295; ἀ. τινὰ θαλάμων order him from the chamber, Id.IA 552(lyr.).2 c. acc.rei, deprecate,ἀνδροκμῆτας δ'.. ἀπεννέπω τύχας A.Eu. 957
(lyr.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπεννέπω
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43 ἀπότεισμα
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπότεισμα
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44 ἀρχιφρουρέω
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀρχιφρουρέω
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45 ἀστειεύομαι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀστειεύομαι
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46 ἀϋτέω
ἀϋτέω [pron. full] [ῡ], used by Hom. only in 3 pers. [tense] impf., and in Trag. (never in S.) only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf.:Aἠΰτησα Nonn.D.11.185
, Epigr.Gr. 995.7: ( αὔω B):—cry, shout,μακρὸν ἀΰτει Il.20.50
;καὶ μέγ' ἀΰτει 21.582
;κληδὼν ἀϋτεῖ A.Ag. 927
: c. acc. cogn.,τοιαῦτ' ἀϋτῶν Id.Th. 384
;ἀΰτει δ' ὀξύ Id.Pers. 1058
(lyr.); , etc.2 c. acc. pers., call to,ἀΰτει πάντας ἀρίστους Il.11.258
;ἀΰτευν Ἄρτεμιν E.Hipp. 167
(lyr.); τί Ζῆν' ἀϋτεῖς; why call on Zeus? Ar.Lys. 717: c. acc. pers. et inf., E.Rh. 668. -
47 ἄβυσσος
ἄβυσσος, ον,A bottomless, unfathomed,πηγαί Hdt.2.28
;ἄτης ἄβυσσον πέλαγος A.Supp. 470
; ; : generally, unfathomable, boundless, ; ;φρένα Δίαν καθορᾶν, ὄψιν ἄβυσσον A.Supp. 1058
.IIἡ ἄ.
the great deep, Ge.1.2, etc.: the abyss, underworld, Ev. Luc.8.31, Ep.Rom.10.7, Apoc.9.1, etc.; the infinite void, PMag.Par. 1.1120, cf. PMag.Lond.121.261.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄβυσσος
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48 ἄνωθεν
ἄνωθεν and [full] ἄνωθε (Ar.Ec. 698), [dialect] Dor. [full] ἄνωθα Tab.Heracl.1.17: ([etym.] ἄνω):—Adv. of Place,A from above, from on high,θεοὺς ἄ. γῆς ἐποπτεύειν ἄχη A.Ag. 1579
;ὕδατος ἄ. γενομένου Th.4.75
;βάλλειν ἄ. Id.7.84
; from the interior of a country, Id.1.59, X.An.7.7.2; esp. from inner Asia, Plu.Dem.14; from the north, Hdt.4.105.2 like ἄνω, above, on high, opp. κάτωθεν or κάτω, A.Ag. 871 (dub.): of the gods, Id.Supp. 597 (lyr.), Pl.Lg. 717b; of men on earth, οἱ ἄ. the living, A.Ch. 834 (lyr.), E.Hel. 1014; those on deck (in a ship), Th.7.63; of birds of the air, S.El. 1058 (lyr.); ἡ ἄ. Φρυγία upper Phrygia, D.23.155.b rarely c. gen.,ἄ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Hdt.1.75
;τοῦ καρποῦ Hp.Art.80
;τῆς νεώς Plu. Them.12
.II in narrative or in quiry, from the beginning, from farther back, ἄ. ἄρχεσθαι, ἐπιχειρεῖν, Pl.Phlb. 44d, Lg. 781d;ἄ. ἐξετάζειν τὸ γένος D.44.69
, cf. Men.Epit.23; in quotations, above, earlier, Sch.E.Ph. 249, etc.:οἱ ἔμπροσθεν καὶ ἄ. γονεῖς
ancestors,Pl.
Ti. 18d;Κορίνθιαι εἰμὲς ἄ.
by descent,Theoc.
15.91, cf. 22.164, Call.Aet.3.1.32; πονηρὸς ἄ. a born rogue, D.45.80;ἐκ προγόνων ἄ. τετιμημένος IG22.1072
;ἄ. ἀναμάρτητον
from early life,Phld.
Sto.Herc.339.17.16;ἐν τοῖς ἄ. χρόνοις D.9.41
.3 over again, anew, afresh,φιλίαν ἄ. ποιεῖται J.AJ1.18.3
, Artem.1.14, cf. Ev.Jo.3.3;πάλιν ἄ. Ep.Gal.4.9
, cf. Harp. s.v. ἀνάδικοι κρίσεις; κτίστης ἄνωθε γενόμενος IG7.2712.58. -
49 ἐλέγχω
A , etc.: [tense] aor.ἤλεγξα Il.9.522
, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ἐλεγχθήσομαι Antipho 2.4.10
, X.Mem.1.7.2: [tense] aor.ἠλέγχθην Antipho
l.c., Pl.Grg. 458a, etc.: [tense] pf. : [ per.] 3sg. ἐλήλεγκται Antiphol.c. ( ἐξ-ηλεγμένοι is f.l. in Lys. 6.44): [tense] plpf.ἐξ-ελήλεγκτο D.32.27
:—disgrace, put to shame, μῦθον ἐ. treat a speech with contempt, Il.9.522; ἐ. τινά put one to shame, Od. 21.424.—This usage is only [dialect] Ep.II cross-examine, question, Hdt.2.115, Pl.Ap. 18d, etc.;μὴ 'λεγχε τὸν πονοῦντα A.Ch. 919
;φύλαξ ἐλέγχων φύλακα S.Ant. 260
; ;Id.
OT 333, cf. 783;ἔλεγχ', ἐλέγχου Ar.Ra. 857
;ἐ. τινὰ περί τινος Id.Pl. 574
;ἕνεκά τινος Antiph.207.10
; : c. acc. et inf., accuse one of doing, E.Alc. 1058:—[voice] Pass., to be convicted, Hdt.1.24, 117; , cf. Pl.Prt. 331c, 331d: with part.,ἐλεγχθεὶς διαφθείρας Antipho 2.3.9
, cf. 2.4.10;ἐλεγχθήσεται γελοῖος ὤν X.Mem.1.7.2
.2 test, bring to the proof,ἀνδρῶν ἀρετὰν παγκρατὴς ἐλέγχει ἀλάθεια B.Fr. 10.2
; πρᾶγμ' ἐ. A.Ag. 1351 ([voice] Pass.,τὸ πρᾶγμ' ἐλεγχθέν Ar.Ec. 485
); ([voice] Pass., Id.Tht. 161e): with subject. clause, ἐ. τινά, εἰ .., A.Ch. 851, Ar.Eq. 1232.3 prove, τοῦτο ἐ. ὡς .. Pl.Phdr. 273b, cf. Sph. 256c: abs., bring convincing proof, ὡς ἡ ἀνάγκη ἐ. Hdt.2.22; αὐτὸ τὸ ἔργον ἐ. Th.6.86;περί τινος D.21.5
.4 refute, confute, τινά or τι, Pl.Grg. 470c, al., D.28.2, Luc.Nigr.4:—[voice] Pass., Pl.Tht. 162a; χρυσὸς κληῖδας ἐλέγχει proves that they avail not, AP5.216 (Paul. Sil.).b put right, correct, prove by a reductio ad impossibile,ὅσα ἔστιν ἀποδεῖξαι, ἔστι καὶ ἐλέγξαι τὸν θέμενον τὴν ἀντίφασιν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς Arist.SE 170a24
; παράδοξα ἐ. Id.EN 1146a23. -
50 ἥρως
ἥρως, ὁ (also ἡ in signf. 111), gen. ἥρωος ( ἥρως codd. in Od.6.303, fort. leg. ἥρω?ἥρωςXος), IG22.1641.6 (iv B.C.), etc.; alsoAἥρω D.19.249
, IG2.1191 (iii B.C.), Paus.10.4.10: dat. ἥρωϊ, mostly in formἥρῳ Il.7.453
, Od.8.483, Pl.Com.174.18, Orac. ap. D.43.66: acc. , IG3.810 (ἥρω?ἥρωςXα Epigr.Gr.774
([place name] Priene)); usu. in formἥρω IG2.1058.25
(iv B.C.), Pl.R. 391d, A.R.2.766, etc., alsoἥρων Hdt.1.167
:—Plur., nom. ἥρωες ([pron. full] ω?ἥρωςX Pi.P.4.58), rarely [var] contr. ἥρως, as in Ar.Fr. 304: dat.ἥρωσιν A.Fr.55
, Ar.Av. 1485;ἡρώνεσσι Sophr.154
: acc. ἥρωας ([pron. full] ω?ἥρωςX Pi.P.1.53), rarely ἥρως, as in A.Ag. 516, Luc.Dem.Enc.4:— hero, ἥρωες Δαναοί, Ἀχαιοί, Il.2.110,19.34;στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων Od.1.101
; ἡρώων ἀγοράς, of the Phaeacians, 7.44;ἥρῳ Δημοδόκῳ 8.483
;οἱ ἡγεμόνες τῶν ἀρχαίων μόνοι ἦσαν ἥρωες, οἱ δὲ λαοὶ ἄνθρωποι Arist.Pr. 932b18
, but cf. Il. cc.3 heroes, as objects of worship,ἥ. ἀντίθεοι Pi.P.1.53
,4.58; ἥ. θεός, of Heracles, Id.N.3.22; but [Ἡρακλέϊ] τῷ μὲν ὡς Ὀλυμπίῳ θύουσι, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ ὡς ἥρωι ἐναγίζουσι Hdt.2.44
; Σίσυφος ἥ. Thgn.711; twice in A., Ag. 516, Fr.55; once in E., Fr. 446(lyr.); ; esp. of local deities, founders of cities, patrons of tribes, etc., Hdt.1.168, Th.4.87, Pl.Lg.l.c., Arist.Pol. 1332b18, etc.; at Athens, ἥ. ἐπώνυμοι heroes after whom the φυλαί were named, Paus.1.5.1,2, cf. Hdt.5.66; of historical persons to whom divine honours were paid, as Brasidas at Amphipolis, Th.5.11, cf. Hdt.5.114,7.117: hence,= Lat. divus, ἥρωα ἀπεδείξατε [τὸν Αὔγουστον] D.C.56.41; also,= Lares, D.H.4.14; ὁ κατ' οἰκίαν ἥ.,= Lar familiaris, ib.2.II later,= μακαρίτης, deceased, Alciphr.3.37, Hld.7.13: pl., PMag.Par.1.1390: freq. in Inscrr.,ἥρως χρηστέ, χαῖρε IG9(2).806
, cf. 14.223, etc.; even of women, ib.9(2).961 ([place name] Larissa), al.; θεοῖς ἥρωσι,= Dis Manibus, ib.14.1795 ([place name] Rome), etc.; (Acraeph.).III ἥ. ποικίλος, = στιγματίας, Hsch., Phot.IV βοῦς ἥ., = ἡγεμών, IG22.1126.32.V v. Ἥρων. -
51 ἴσως
A equally, in like manner, Sapph.Supp.25.11, S.Ph. 758, Pl.Lg. 805a, etc.; ὡς ἰσαίτατα ib. 744c; evenly, Hp.Off.3.II equally, with reference to equality,τὸ ὀρθὸν ληπτέον ἴσως Arist.Pol. 1283b40
; fairly, equitably, ἴ. καὶ κοινῶς Aen. Tact.22.24;οὐκ ἴ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς D.10.74
;μηδὲν ἴ. καὶ δικαίως φρονοῦντας D.H.10.40
;οὐκ ἴσως χρήσασθαί τινι Plb.23.2.7
.III probably, perhaps, Alc.Supp.33, Hdt.6.124, A.Pr. 319, S.Ph. 144, Pl. Grg. 473b, etc.;ἴ. που E.El. 518
;οὔτε συμφόρως οὔτ' ἴ. καλῶς D.5.10
;οὐκ ἴσως, ἀλλ' ὄντως Pl.Lg. 965c
: ironical,σμικρά γε ἴ. προσθήκη Id.R. 339b
: freq. joined with ἄν or τάχ' ἄν, e.g. S.Aj. 691, 1009, Pl.Ap. 31a;ἀμφισβητοῦντες προστιθέασιν ἀεὶ τὸ ἴσως καὶ τάχα Arist.Rh. 1389b18
: ἴσως without ἄν c. opt. is f.l. in A.Supp. 727, E.IT 1055; ἴ. μέν.., ἴ. δέ.. perhaps so or so, X.Cyr.4.3.2: repeatedἴ., ἴ. Ar.Nu. 1320
, D.3.33: used to soften or qualify a positive assertion, S.OC 661, Ar.Ra. 224, Pl.Phd. 61c, Phdr. 233e, Arist.Metaph. 987a26, etc.IV with numerals, about, Ar.Pl. 1058, Damox.3.2. -
52 καίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `kill' (trag., Timocr. 1, 9, Theoc. l. c.);Compounds: also with κατα- `id.' (X.).Derivatives: - κοναί φόνοι H.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: By-form to κτείνω (s. v.) with the same simplification of the anlaut as in χαμαί beside χθών (Schwyzer 326). The supposition, καίνω, κανεῖν would have arisen from κατα-κανεῖν with dissimilation for κατα-κτανεῖν (Kieckers IF 36, 233ff., Chantraine Sprache 1, 142 n. 3), is difficult to connect with the chronology of the attestations. S. Brugmann, Grundr.2 1, 792 n. 1, Kretschmer Glotta 10, 231, Deroy L'Ant. class. 23, 313. Cf. Lejeune, Phonét. 32.Page in Frisk: 1,755Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καίνω
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53 μαλακός
Grammatical information: adj.Compounds: Compp., e.g. μαλακογνώμων `of weak mind' (A.), μαλακο-κρανεύς "Weakskull", bird-name, `gray shrike' (Arist.); Boßhardt 62, Chantraine Form. 130.Derivatives: μαλακία, - ίη (IA.), μαλακότης (Pl., Arist., Herod.) `weakness, effefeminacy'. - μαλακίων m. in address `sweetheart' (Ar. Ek. 1058; Chantraine 165); τὰ μαλάκια `molluscs' (Arist.); μαλακώδης `weakhearted' (St. Byz.). -- Denomin. verbs: 1. μαλάσσω, - ττω `make weak, soften' (Pi., IA.) with μάλαγμα n. `emollient, softening plaster, softening material' (Pl., Thphr., Ph. Bel. etc.) with μαλαγμα-τώδης (medic.), - τίζω (Zos.Alch.); μάλαξις `softening' (Thphr., Plu.); μαλακ-τήρ "weakener", μαλακός ἐλέφαντος `ivory workerer' (Plu.); - τικός `softening' (Hp., Plu.). 2. μαλακίζομαι `be softened' (Att.). 3. μαλακύνω `soften' (X., hell.) with μαλάκυνσις `softening' (Alex. Aphr.).Etymology: The nearest cognate of μαλακός seems monosyllabic βλά̄ξ (with long vowel; s. v. and Schwyzer 360); so a primary κ-deriv. If we separate the two, an n-stem as intermediate is possible (Schwyzer 496 f., Chantraine Form. 384). The basis could be the wide-spread verb `rub, meal', s. μύλη; also μέλδομαι, ἀμαλδύνω, ἀμαλός. Cf. also μαλθακός. It could be * mlh₂-k- \> *μλᾱκ- and * mlh₂-ek- \> *μαλ-ακ-.Page in Frisk: 2,165-166Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαλακός
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54 νηλ(ε)ής
Grammatical information: adj.Other forms: - εές (ep. poet. Il.); metr. lengthened νηλειής, - ειές (Hes. Th. 770 a. h. Ven. 245 [verse-begin], A. R. 4, 476; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 74 u. 101)Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in νηλεό-ποινος `punishing pitilessly' (Hes.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [???] *n̥-h₁leu̯-es- `pitiless'Etymology: In the sense of `without pity' from the negation *n̥ and ἔλεος (\< *h₁leu̯os, s.v.) or ἐλεέω; as `unescapable' from ἀλέομαι \< *h₂leu̯- (Schulze KZ 29, 262 = Kl. Schr. 375). S. Chantraine Rev. de phil. 56, 289, W. Burkert Zum altgr. Mitleidsbegriff, Diss. Erlangen 1955 (s. Seyffert Gnomon 31,389ff.). -- The PN Νηλεύς (Hom.) is often connected ("the one without pity" as god of death?, s. Fick-Bechtel 430, Schulze Q. 289, Deroy Rev. belge de phil. 36, 1058), but the name is rather Pre-Greek. Quite uncertain hypotheses on pre-gr. origin in Bosshardt 133 and Lombardo Ist. Lomb. 91, 248.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νηλ(ε)ής
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55 βαστάζω
βαστάζω fut. βαστάσω; 1 aor. ἐβάστασα (-ξα Sir 6:25, AcPl Ha 8, 4; cp. Sir 6:25; B-D-F §71) (Hom.+) in all senses with suggestion of a burden involved.① to cause to come to a higher position, pick up, take up (Jos., Ant. 7, 284 β. τ. μάχαιραν ἀπὸ τ. γῆς) stones J 10:31 (cp. 8:59).② to sustain a burden, carry, bearⓐ a physical object Hs 9, 2, 4; AcPl Ha 8, 4; a jar of water Mk 14:13; Lk 22:10; a bier 7:14, cp. 1 Cl 25:3; stones Hs 9, 3, 4f; 9, 4, 1 (abs.); 3; 9, 6, 7; support: heaven 9, 2, 5; πύργον 9, 4, 2; κόσμον 9, 14, 5.—A cross J 19:17 (Chariton 4, 2, 7; 4, 3, 10 σταυρὸν ἐβάστασα; Artem. 2, 56 σταυρὸν β.); of drugs used for magical purposes φάρμακα εἰς τὰς πυξίδας β. carry drugs in boxes Hv 3, 9, 7; of animals used for riding Rv 17:7 (cp. Epict. 2, 8, 7). Pass. Hv 3, 8, 2; Hs 9, 4, 3; 9, 6, 7; 9, 14, 5 (see 9, 24, 6 for interpretation: those who joyfully bear the name of the Son of God are borne by him). Of pers. who are carried Ac 3:2; 21:35; GJs 20:3 (not pap).—Esp. of pregnant women: ἡ κοιλία ἡ βαστάσασά σε Lk 11:27.—10:4; Ro 11:18; B 7:8.—The meaning AcPl Ha 2, 4 is unclear because of the fragmentary context.ⓑ fig. ext. of 2aα. of bearing anything burdensome (4 Km 18:14; Sir 6:25): a cross (following Jesus in his suffering) Lk 14:27; legal requirements Ac 15:10 (JNolland, NTS 27, ’80, 113–15); ζυγὸν τοῦ κυρίου Christian conduct D 6:2.—ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε, Gal 6:2; cp. vs. 5.β. be able to bear up under especially trying or oppressive circumstances bear, endure (Epict. 1, 3, 2, Ench. 29, 5; Aesop, Fab. 391 P. misfortune and trouble; PBrem 36, 8f [Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 352] οὐ βαστάζουσι τοσοῦτο τέλεσμα; Job 21:3 v.l.) the burden and heat of the day Mt 20:12; κακούς Rv 2:2. δύνασθαι β. be able to bear words, of divine mysteries J 16:12; Hv 1, 3, 3; bear patiently, put up with: weaknesses of the weak Ro 15:1; cp. IPol 1:2; evil Rv 2:3; κρίμα bear one’s judgment=must pay the penalty Gal 5:10. ὸ̔ δύνασαι βάστασον tolerate or accept what you can D 6:3 (counsel respecting restrictions about food, followed by caution against eating food offered in a polytheistic setting).ⓒ without the idea of outward or inward stress carry, bear, marks Gal 6:17 (s. Dssm. B 265ff [BS 352ff]); the name (message) of Jesus β. τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐνώπιον ἐθνῶν Ac 9:15 (cp. POxy 1242 I, 17, where Alexandrian Gentiles and Jews appear before Trajan ἕκαστοι βαστάζοντες τ. ἰδίους θεούς); Hs 8, 10, 3; 9, 28, 5.③ to carry someth. (freq. burdensome) from a place, carry away, remove (PFay 122, 6 [c. 100 A.D.]; Bel 36 Theod.).ⓐ without moral implication, a corpse (Jos., Ant. 3, 210; 7, 287; POxy 2341, 8) J 20:15. Of sandals remove Mt 3:11 (cp. PGM 4, 1058 βαστάξας τὸ στεφάνιον ἀπὸ τ. κεφαλῆς; NKrieger, Barfuss Busse Tun, NovT 1, ’56, 227f). Of disease remove (Galen, De Compos. Medic. Per. Gen. 2, 14, citing a 1st cent. physician Asklepiades ψώρας τε θεραπεύει καὶ ὑπώπια βαστάζει; s. also Rydbeck, Fachprosa, ’67, 155f) Mt 8:17; IPol 1:3 (unless this pass. is to be understood in the sense of 2bα).ⓑ with moral implication take surreptitiously, pilfer, steal (Polyb. 32, 15, 4; Diog. L. 4, 59; Jos., Ant. 1, 316; 7, 393; PTebt 330, 7; BGU 46, 10; 157, 8; PFay 108, 16; POxy 69, 4) J 12:6.—B. 707. DELG. M-M. TW. -
56 καθόλου
καθόλου adv. (earlier Gk.: Demosth. et al. [B-D-F §225; also 12, 3]; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist; Jos., Bell. 4, 460; 5, 390, Ant. 4, 286; Just.) entirely, completely, μὴ κ. not at all (Sb 4369a, 36; Ex 22:10 v.l.) τὸ κ. μὴ φθέγγεσθαι not to speak at all Ac 4:18 (s. B-D-F §399, 3; Ezk 13:3; TestGad 5:5. μηδὲν τὸ καθόλου λαβεῖν: BGU 1058, 25; 1106, 24; 1165, 24 [all I B.C.]). κ. τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2 [not g and h]).—M-M. Sv. -
57 μαρτυρία
μαρτυρία, ας, ἡ (s. μαρτυρέω; Hom.+—KLatte, Martyria: Pauly-W. XIV 2, 2032–39; Kl. Pauly III 1058).① confirmation or attestation on the basis of personal knowledge or belief, testimonyⓐ act of testifying testimony, testifying (Pla., Leg. 11 p. 937a εἰς μαρτυρίαν κληθείς; Epict. 3, 22, 86 the μ. of the Cynic; PHal 1, 222 εἰς μαρτυρίαν κλῆσις; Iren. 5, 28, 4 [Harv. II 403, 5] διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν μ. κατακριθεὶς πρὸς θηρία) οὗτος ἦλθεν εἰς μαρτυρίαν J 1:7. Of the two witnesses: ὅταν τελέσωσιν τ. μαρτυρίαν αὐτῶν Rv 11:7.ⓑ content of testimonyα. of historical attestation or testimony (Diod S 11, 38, 6 τῆς ἱστορίας δικαία μαρτυρία; Just., D. 79, 2 ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἠσαίου) J 19:35; 21:24 (JChapman, JTS 31, 1930, 379–87); Papias (2:17).β. esp. w. ref. to Jesusא. of human testimony concerning Jesus: by the Baptist J 1:19. By Paul Ac 22:18 (s. TRE XXIII 23–31). By believers Rv 12:11. Human testimony rejected J 5:34.ב. of transcendent testimony concerning Jesus: he bears witness to himself as the central point of the Christian message: J 3:11, 32f; 8:14. His self-attestation is rejected vs. 13; cp. 5:31. Jesus also testifies concerning himself in Rv 1:2, 9.—God attests him (cp. Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 12 D.: μ. παρὰ Ἀπόλλωνος, p. 13 ἐκ Διός; Dexippus Athen. [III A.D.]:100 Fgm. 1, 7 Jac. ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ μ. for the ‘god’ Lycurgus) J 5:32, 36 (μαρτυρία μείζων as Dionys. Soph., Ep. 77.—Cp. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 9, 25 τὰ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ γενόμενα παράδοξα … τὴν ἀπὸ θεοῦ εἶχε μ.). 1J 5:9bc, 10ab, 11.—RAsting (s. εὐαγγέλιον, end).—On John s. EHoskyns, The Fourth Gosp., ed. FDavey ’47 p. 58–95.ג. Rv speaks of the μαρτυρία or the μ. Ἰησοῦ which the Christians, or certain Christians (martyrs, prophets), possess: 6:9; 12:17; 19:10ab; 20:4.—FMazzaferri, Bible Translator 39, ’88, 114–22: John’s book is the personal testimony of Jesus.② testimony in court, testimony (Demosth. 29, 7 al.; Jos., Ant. 4, 219) Mk 14:56, 59; Lk 22:71. κατά τινος against someone Mk 14:55; δύο ἀνθρώπων ἡ μ. the testimony of two persons J 8:17.③ attestation of character or behavior, testimony, statement of approval (Jos., Ant. 6, 346; cp. Did., Gen. 212, 1) 1J 5:9a; 3J 12; Tit 1:13. ἡ μ. τῆς ἀγαθῆς πράξεως testimony concerning good deeds 1 Cl 30:7. μαρτυρίαν καλὴν ἔχειν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν have a good standing with outsiders 1 Ti 3:7 (μ.=recommendation: Dio Chrys. 28 [45], 9; Chion, Ep. 2; SIG1073, 17 [II A.D.]).—In the obscure concatenation of clauses 1:6, love seems to be ἔργων δικαιοσύνης μαρτυρία a testimony of upright deeds.—Of a good testimony fr. God (Dio Chrys. 16 [33], 12 τῆς μεγίστης ἔτυχε μαρτυρίας παρὰ τοῦ δαιμονίου) Hs 5, 2, 6.④ testimony that invites death, a martyr’s death, martyrdom (Iren. 1, 28, 1 [Harv. I 220, 10]) MPol 1:1; 13:2; 17:1.—DELG s.v. μάρτυς. M-M. TW. Sv. -
58 σαλπιστής
σαλπιστής, οῦ, ὁ (s. two prec. entries; a later form for the older σαλπι(γ)κτής.—Theophr., Char. 25; Polyb. 1, 45, 13; Dionys. Hal. 4, 17, 3; 4, 18, 3; Chariton 8, 2, 6 al.; SIG 1058, 4; 1059 II, 20; Sb 4591, 3.—WRutherford, The New Phrynichus 1881, 279; Lob., Phryn. 191f) trumpeter Rv 18:22.—DELG s.v. σάλπιγξ. M-M. TW. -
59 χλωρός
χλωρός, ά, ό (cp. χλόη ‘a young green shoot or plant’, but s. DELG s.v. χλωρός and Frisk s.v. χλόη on relationship of the two words) an adj. of color somewhat indeterminate in sense, but gener. as part of the spectrum lying betwen blue and yellow, with shade more closely defined through context.① yellowish-green, (light) green of plants (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; En 5:1; TestGad 2:2; Philo) χλωρὸς χόρτος (PLond II, 287, 15 p. 202 [I A.D.] al.; Gen 1:30) Mk 6:39; Rv 8:7. Of branches or sticks green, fresh Hs 8, 1, 10–18; 8, 2, 2 v.l.; 4 al. Of vegetation 9, 1, 6f; 9, 21, 1; 9, 22, 1; 9, 24, 1; cp. 9, 21, 2 w. application to the doubters, who are neither green nor dry.—Subst. τὸ χλωρόν (oft. pap). πᾶν χλωρόν everything that is green = every plant (Gen 2:5; Dt 29:22) Rv 9:4.② pale, greenish gray (cp. the relatively paler appearance of the dorsal side of a leaf compared to its ventral side) as the color of a pers. in sickness contrasted with appearance in health (Hippocr., Prognost. 2 p. 79, 18 Kühlew.; Thu. 2, 49, 5; Maximus Tyr. 20, 5b.—Of ‘pale’ fear Il. 7, 479; 10, 376), so the horse ridden by Death (χλ. of death Sappho, Fgm. 2, 14 Diehl2 [31, 14 L-P.]; Artem. 1, 77 p. 71, 27) ἵππος χλωρός Rv 6:8 (see s.v. πυρρός).—RGradwohl, D. Farben im AT, Beih. ZAW 83, ’63, 27–33; EIrwin, Colour Terms in Greek Poetry ’74, 31–78 (in Sappho: χλ. ‘greener than grass’; s. HKing IJCT 2, ’96, 376, 26 [lit.]).—B. 1058. Schmidt, Syn. III 51–54. M-M. -
60 ἀμήν
ἀμήν (LXX occas. for אָמֵן, usu. transl. by γένοιτο; taken over by Christians; in pap symbol. expressed by the number 99 [α=1 + μ=40 + η=8 + ν=50; ESchaefer, PIand I 29], but also as ἀμήν [POxy 1058, 5]. Ins: ISyriaW 1918; MvOppenheim-HLucas, ByzZ 14, 1905, p. 34ff, nos. 36, 39, 46, 84)ⓐ as expression of faith let it be so, truly, amen liturgical formula at the end of the liturgy, spoken by the congregation (cp. 1 Ch 16:36; 2 Esdr 15:13; 18:6; TestSol, TestAbr; TestJob 53:8; GrBar 17:4; ApcEsdr 7 end; ApcMos); hence τὸ ἀ. λέγειν 1 Cor 14:16, cp. Rv 5:14. At the end of a doxology (cp. 3 Macc 7:23; 4 Macc 18:24; Mel., P. 45, 323; 65, 466) Mt 6:13 v.l.; Ro 1:25; 9:5; 11:36; 15:33; 16:24 v.l., 27; Gal 1:5; 6:18; Eph 3:21; Phil 4:20, 23 v.l.; 1 Ti 1:17; 6:16; 2 Ti 4:18; Hb 13:21, 25 v.l.; 1 Pt 4:11; 5:11; Jd 25; Rv 1:6; 7:12; 1 Cl 20:12; 32:4; 38:4; 43:6; 45:8; 50:7; 58:2; 61:3; 65:2; 2 Cl 20:5; AcPl Ha 2, 34. W. ναί as transl.: ναί, ἁ., yes (so shall it be), amen Rv 1:7. Sim. γένοιτο, ἀμήν GJs 6:2, cp. ἀμήν 7:1 (pap, some mss. ἀ. γένοιτο as TestAbr A 2 p.79, 14 [Stone p. 6]; Just., A I, 65, 4, τὸ Ἀμὴν … Γένοιτο σημαίνει=‘Amen’ means ‘May it be so’).—Accord. to later custom (cp. Tob; 3 and 4 Macc; ApcSed 16:10 p. 137, 19 Ja.; Cyranides p. 124, 18 Ἀμήν• τέλος• ἀμήν• ἀμήν) ἀ. was almost always put at the end of books, but not in the older mss. (and hence v.l.) Mt 28:20; Mk 16:20; Lk 24:53; J 21:25; Ac 28:31; 1 Cor 16:24; 2 Cor 13:13; Hb 13:25; GJs 25:2 al. The liturg. formula is extended to ἀ. ἁλληλουϊά (q.v.) after the doxology Rv 19:4; to ἀ., ἔρχου κύριε Ἰησοῦ (cp. μαρὰν ἀθᾶ) 22:20 or μαρὰν ἀθᾶ ἀ. D 10:6.—At beginning and end of a doxology Rv 7:12.—τὸ ἀ. (w. τὸ ναί): διὸ καὶ διʼ αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀ. τῷ θεῷ πρὸς δόξαν therefore the ‘amen’ is spoken through him to God’s glory (w. ref. to the liturgical use of ‘amen’) 2 Cor 1:20; s. 1 Cor 14:16, above.—Henceⓑ asseverative particle, truly, always w. λέγω, beginning a solemn declaration but used only by Jesus (I assure you that, I solemnly tell you) Mt 5:18, 26; 6:2, 5, 16; 8:10 al. Mk 3:28; 8:12; 9:1 al. Lk 4:24; 12:37; vs. 44 v.l.; 18:17 al. (JO’Neill, JTS 10, ’59, 1–9). For this J always has ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω (OT אָמֵן אָמֵן [Num 5:22; 2 Esdr 18:6; Ps 41:14; 72:19], Gk. mostly γένοιτο, γένοιτο, but 2 Esdr 18:6 ἀμήν and in the corresp. passage 1 Esdr 9:47 likew., w. the v.l. ἀμ. ἀμ. [as in PGM 22b, 21; 25], only to strengthen a preceding statement) 1:51; 3:3, 5, 11; 5:19, 24f al. On the emphatic force of repetition s. Rdm.2 68, 1. Cp. Aristaen., Ep. 1, 24 εὐθὺς εὐ.; 2, 13 οἶδα οἶ.② Christ as the ultimate affirmation, the Amen, ὁ ἀ., only in the enigmatic lang. of Rv, explained as ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστὸς κ. ἀληθινός 3:14 (Ps 88:38); LGillet, ET 56, ’44/45, 134–36; LSilbermann, JBL 82, ’63, 213–15.—On the word gener. Dalman, Worte 185; Jesus 27f (Eng. tr. 30); PGlaue, Amen: ZKG, n.F. 7, 1925, 184–98; EPeterson, Εἷς θεός, 1926, index; DDaube JTS 45, ’44, 27–31; Goodsp., Probs., 96–98; FSchilling, ATR 38, ’56, 175–81; AStuiber, JAC 1, ’58, 153–59; JGreig, Studia Evangelica 5, ’68, 10–13; KBerger, Die Amen-Worte Jesu, ’70, ZNW 63, ’72, 45–75; STalmon, Textus 7, ’69, 124–29; JStrugnell, HTR 67, 177–82; PGlaue, RAC I 378–80.—M-M. TW.
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