ἡμετέρῳ

ἡμέτερος

our: masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

ἡμέτερος

our: masc /neut gen sg (doric aeolic)

ἡμέτερος

our: masc /neut dat sg

Βλ. λ. ημετέρω

Βλ. λ. ημετέρω

ἡμετέρῳ, ἡμέτερος

our: masc /neut dat sg

ἡμετέρῳ, ἡμέτερος

our: masc /neut dat sg

δέ,

A but: adversative and copulative Particle,

I answering to μέν (q. v.),

τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην Th.1.12

, etc.

II without preceding μέν,

1 adversative, expressing dist. opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ' ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ' οὔτε τί πω εἶπας ll.1.108;

ὀρθῶς ἔλεξας, οὐ φίλως δέ μοι λέγεις E.Or. 100

, cf. S.Ant.85, etc.;

τέθνηκεν ἀνδρὸς οὐδενός, θεοῦ δ' ὕπο Id.Ph. 334

; so in Prose,

οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. Th.4.86

;

οἱ αἰχμάλωτοι.. ᾤχοντο εἰς Δεκέλειαν, οἱ δ' εἰς Μέγαρα X.HG1.2.14

, cf. Cyr.4.5.46;

ἡ δ' ἑτέρα IG2.652A45

.

2 copulative,

a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν ([etym.] ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) Th.4.66, cf. Il.7.48: when a Subst. is folld. by words in apposition,

Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ Hdt.7.8

.

β'; μήτηρ βασιλέως βασίλεια δ' ἐμή A.Pers. 152

; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ.

διπλᾶδ' ὁρᾶν Id.Th. 974

.

b in enumerations or transitions, Il.1.43-49, 345- 351, X.Cyr.1.2.1, etc.; with repetition of a word in different relations,

ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν.., θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Il.24.483

;

σάκος εἷλε.., εἵλετο δ' ἔγχος 14.9

sq.;

Ζεύς ἐστιν αἰθήρ, Ζεὺς δὲ γῆ, Ζεὺς δ' οὐρανός A.Fr.70

;

κινεῖκραδίαν, κινεῖδὲ χόλον E. Med.99

;

ὄζει ἴων, ὄζει δὲ ῥόδων, ὄζει δ' ὑακίνθου Hermipp.82.8

; in rhetorical outbursts,

οὐκ ἂν εὐθέως εἴποιεν· τὸν δὲ βάσκανον, τὸν δὲ ὄλεθρον, τοῦτον δὲ ὑβρίζειν,—ἀναπνεῖν δέ. D.21.209

; in a climax, πᾶν γύναιον καὶ παιδίον καὶ θηρίον δέ nay even beast, Pl.Tht. 171e, cf.X. HG5.2.37; in the combination

καὶ δέ Il.23.80

, al.,

καὶ.. δέ A.Pr. 973

, E.El. 1117, etc., each particle retains its force.

c answering to τε (q. v.),

ἃ τῶν τε ἀποβαινόντων ἕνεκα ἄξια κεκτῆσθαι, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτὰ αὑτῶν Pl.R. 367c

.

3 implying causal connexion, less direct than γάρ, Il.6.160, Od.1.433.

4 in questions, with implied opposition,

ἑόρακας δ', ἔφη, τὴν γυναῖκα; X.Cyr.5.1.4

;

καὶ ὁ Σωκράτης, εἰπέ μοι, ἔφη, κύνας δὲ τρέφεις; Id.Mem.2.9.2

, cf. 2.1.26, S. Ant. 1172: in Trag. (not in Com. or Oratt.), when the speaker turns from one person to another, the voc. stands first, then the pers. Pron. folld. by δέ, as

Μενέλαε, σοὶ δὲ τάδε λέγω.. E.Or. 622

, etc.; also in Hdt.,

ὦ δέσποτα, ἐγὼ δὲ ταῦτα ἐποίησα 1.115

.

b τί δέ; what then? to mark a transition in dialogue; v. τίς.

II in apodosi:

1 after hypothetical clauses, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I.., Il.1.137, cf. Od.12.54;

εἰ μηδὲ τοῦτο βούλει ἀποκρίνασθαι, σὺ δὲ τοὐντεῦθεν λέγε X.Cyr.5.5.21

, cf. Pi.O.3.43 (v.l.), A.Ag. 1060, Hdt.5.1, etc.

b after temporal or relative clauses, with ἐπεί, ἕως, etc., Il.24.255, Hdt.9.70, etc.;

μέχρι.. εἶχον τὰ βέλη, οἱ δὲ ἀντεῖχον Th.3.98

; with demonstr. Pronouns or Advbs. answering to a preceding relative, οἵηπερ φύλλων γενεή,

τοίη δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν Il.6.146

, etc.;

ἆθλα οἷς κεῖται ἀρετῆς μέγιστα, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἄνδρες ἄριστοι πολιτεύουσιν Th.2.46

;

τοὺς δ' ἔλαβε τυράννους.. τούτους δὲ.. ἐξεδίδου Hdt.5.37

, cf. Isoc.4.98, Pl.La. 194d;

οἷα μὲν ἕκαστα ἐμοὶ φαίνεται τοιαῦτα μὲν ἔστιν ἐμοί, οἷα δὲ σοί, τοιαῦτα δὲ αὖ σοί Id.Tht. 152a

: sts. after a participle,

οἰόμενοι.. τιμῆς τεύξεσθαι, ἀντὶ δὲ τούτων οὐδ' ὅμοιοι.. ἐσόμεθα X.An.6.6.16

, cf. Isoc.15.71 (v.l.).

2 to resume after an interruption or parenthesis,

χρόνου δὲ ἐπιγινομένου καὶ κατεστραμμένων σχεδὸν πάντων..,—κατεστραμμένων δὲ τούτων.. Hdt.1.28

,29;

νῦν δ' αὖ πάλιν ὑπό τε πλούτου διαθρυπτόμενος.. καὶ ὑπ' ἀνθρώπων.. ὑπὸ τοιούτων δέ.. X.Cyr.7.2.23

; with an anacoluthon,

ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἄρα,—οἷ ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ.. τῇ ἐμῇ ψυχῇ ἰτέον, αὕτη δὲ δή.. Pl.Phd. 80d

: for δ' οὖν, v. οὖν.

3 to begin a story, ἦμος δ' ἠέλιος.. well, when the sun.., Od.4.400.

4 to introduce a proof, τεκμήριον δέ, σημεῖον δέ, v. sub vocc.

B POSITION of δέ. It usu. stands second: hence freq. between Art. and Subst. or Prep. and case; but also after Subst., or words forming a connected notion, hence it may stand third,

γυναῖκα πιστὴν δ' ἐν δόμοις εὕροι A.Ag. 606

, cf. Th. 411, Eu. 531, S.Ph. 959, etc.; fourth, Id.OT 485, E.Hel. 688, A.Pr. 323, 383, etc.; fifth, ib. 401codd.; even sixth, Epigen.7(codd. Poll.); so in Prose after a neg., οὐχ ὑπ' ἐραστοῦ δέ, to avoid confusion between οὐ δέ and οὐδέ, Pl.Phdr. 227c.

δεῖγμα, ατος, τό, ([etym.] δείκνυμι)

A sample, pattern,

καρπῶν Isoc.15.54

, cf. POxy.113.5 (ii A.D.);

τοῦ βίου Ar.Ach. 988

; λαβὼν δ' Ἄδραστον δεῖγμα τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων taking him as evidence of.., E.Supp. 354;

μὴ.. αὐτοὶ καθ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν δ. τοιοῦτον ἐξενέγκητε D.21.183

;

τοῦτο τὸ δ. ἐξενηνοχὼς περὶ αὐτοῦ Id.19.12

, cf. Pl.Lg. 788c; δείγματος εἵνεκα by way of sample, D.23.65;

δείγματος χάριν S.E.M.11.40

; δ. προφέρειν, ἐκτίθεσθαι, παρασχεῖν, Pl.Lg. 718b, Plb.4.24.9, D.H.Rh.6.5;

δ. μικροψυχίας Men. Georg.Fr.3

; δ. ψυχῆς sign of life, Luc.Prom.Es2 (s.v.l.);

δ. φιλοσοφίας Ἀττικῆς Id.Scyth.7

;

[ἀνδριάντα] δ. ἀρετᾶς θεμένα Epigr.Gr.860.6

, cf. IG14.967, etc.

b plan, sketch, PGiss.15.3.

c sense-evidence,

τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀργάνου δείγματα Epicur.Nat.11.7

.

2 mart, bazaar, in the Piraeus, X.HG5.1.21, Lys.Fr.75.6;

περιεπάτουν ἐν τῷ δ. τῷ ἡμετέρῳ D.35.29

; elsewh., IPE1.16B49 ([place name] Olbia), Aen. Tact.30.2, Plb.5.88.8, D.S.19.45.

b metaph.,

δ. δικῶν Ar.Eq. 979

.

εὐεργ-εσία, [dialect] Ion. [suff] εὐεργ-εσίη, ἡ,

A well-doing, opp. κακοεργίη, Od.22.374; opp. κακότης, Thgn.548, etc.

II a good deed, kindness,

εὐεργεσίας ἀποτίνειν Od.22.235

, cf. Hes.Th. 503 (pl.); ἡ ἐξ Ἱστιαίου εὐ. done by him, Hdt.5.11;

ἐκτίνειν Id.3.47

(pl.); εὐεργεσίας ἀποδέξασθαι ἔς τινας ib.67;

καταθέσθαι ἔς τινα Th.1.128

;

εὐ. πεποιημέναι ἔς τινα Hdt.4.165

;

προέσθαι X.An.7.7.47

;

προσφέρειν Pl.Grg. 513e

; opp.

εὐ. ἀπολαβεῖν Isoc.14.57

;

εὐ. ὀφείλεταί μοι Th.1.137

, cf. 32; ἀντ' εὐεργεσίης for service done, Simon.97.6, Theoc. 17.116, cf. B.1.47 (pl.), IG12.108;

ἀπ' εὐεργεσίας καθίστασαν τοὺς βασιλεῖς Arist.Pol. 1286b10

: c. gen., εὐ. τῆς πόλεως good service done the state, Pl.Lg. 850b: pl., public services,

τὰς τῶν προγόνων εὐεργεσίας Lys. 14.24

, etc.

2 ψηφίζεσθαί [τινι] εὐεργεσίαν to vote him the title of εὐεργέτης (q.v.), D.20.60, cf. IG22.29, etc.;

κείσεταί σοι εὐ. ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ οἴκῳ ἐς αἰεὶ ἀνάγραπτος Th.1.129

, cf. X.HG1.1.26, etc.

III Εὐεργεσία, personified, = Lat. Liberalitas, D.C.71.34.

2 epith. of Hera at Argos, Hsch.

κεῖμαι,

A

κεῖσαι Il.19.319

, etc. (

κατά-κειαι h.Merc. 254

, Arc. κεῖοι Tab.Defix. in Philol.59.201),

κεῖται Il.6.47

, Hdt.1.9,4.62 (v.l. κέεται), IG 12.94.25; pl.

κεῖνται A.Supp. 242

, [dialect] Ion.

κέᾰται Il.11.659

, al., Hdt. ( προς-κέανται is f.l. 1.133, cf. προς-κέαται, v.l. - κέονται, Hp.Fract.6),

κείᾰται Mimn.11.6

( κατα- Il.24.567),

κέονται Il.22.510

, Od.16.232, prob. in Alc.94,

συγ-κέονται Aret.SD2.4

; imper. κεῖσο, κείσθω, Il.18.178, Hdt.2.171; subj. [ per.] 3sg.

κέηται Pl.Sph. 257c

, Lycurg.113, [dialect] Ep. κεῖται (fr. κέψ-ε-ται) Il.19.32, Od.2.102, al.,

δια-κέησθε Isoc.15.259

,

κείωνται IG22.1176.21

; opt. [ per.] 3sg.

κέοιτο Hdt.1.67

, Hp.Art.14 ( κατα-), Is.6.32, Pl.R. 477a; inf.

κεῖσθαι Il.8.126

, Hp.Prog.3, Hdt.2.127, al., κέεσθαι v.l.in ib.2, cf.Hp.Aër.6, Archim. Aequil.1 Prooem.; part.

κεί μενος Il.7.265

, etc.: [tense] impf.

ἐκείμην Od.13.284

, etc., [dialect] Ep.

κείμην 9.434

; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.

κέσκετο 21.41

, ( παρε-) 14.521; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

ἐκέατο Hdt.1.167

, [dialect] Ep.

κέατο Il.13.763

,

κείατο 11.162

;

κεῖντο 21.426

, ( ἐπέ-) Od.6.19: [tense] fut.

κείσομαι Il.18.121

, A.Ch. 895, etc., [dialect] Dor.

κεισεῦμαι Theoc.3.53

. (Cf. Skt. śéte ( = κεῖται), also śáyate 'lie', Gr. κοίτη, κοιμάομαι, perh. Lat. cunae, etc.):— to be laid (used as [voice] Pass. to τίθημι): hence, lie, lie outstretched, used by Hom. mostly with Preps.,

πυρὴν.. ᾗ ἔνι κεῖται Πάτροκλος Il.23.210

;

κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ 9.556

;

ἐπὶ γαίῃ 11.162

;

ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ Od.21.390

; also

ἐπί τινος, ὀστέα.. κείμεν' ἐπ' ἠπείρου 1.162

;

τὸ δ' ἥμισυ κεῖτ' ἐπὶ γαίης Il.13.565

, cf. 20.345; but ὁ δ' ἐπ' ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα lay stretched over.., Od.11.577, al.; later κεῖσθαι εἰς .., in pregnant sense,

εἰς ἀνάγκην κείμεθ' E.IT 620

;

εἰς ὀλίγην κ. κόνιν AP9.677

(Agath.); also ἐπὶ τὴν ὁδὸν κ. to be strewn upon the path, Call.Iamb.1.250: Archit., κείμενον σχῆμα, opp. ὠρθωμένον, plan, opp. elevation, Apollod.Poliorc.163.3: c.acc.,

τόπον.. ὅντινα κεῖται S.Ph. 145

(anap.).

2 lie down to rest, repose, Od.13.281, etc.;

πορφυρέᾳ κείμενος ἐν χλανίδι Simon.37.12

; lie, remain,

κεῖτο γὰρ ἐν νήεσσι.. Ἀχιλλεύς Il.2.688

, cf. 7.230, etc.;

οὐ χρῆν ἥσυχον κεῖσθαι πόδα S.Fr.142.13

; lie still, λασίην ὑπὸ γαστέρ' ἐλυσθεὶς κείμην, of Odysseus under the ram's belly, Od.9.434: metaph., κακὸν κείμενον a sleeping evil, S.OC 510 (lyr.);

τοῦ κύματος κειμένου Ael.NA15.5

.

3 lie sick or wounded, ἐν νήσῳ κεῖτο, of Philoctetes, Il.2.721, cf. 15.240;

κείσεται οὐτηθείς 8.537

, cf. 11.659;

γήραϊ λυγρῷ κεῖται ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀρημένος 18.435

;

κεῖτ' ὀλιγηπελέων Od.5.457

; lie in misery,

ἐοικότι κεῖται ὀλέθρῳ 1.46

;

κεῖται ἐν ἄλγεσι θυμός 21.88

, cf. S.Ph. 183 (lyr.);

κ. ἐν κακοῖς E.Ph. 1639

, Hec. 969; κειμένῳ ἐπεμπηδᾶν to kick him when he's down, Ar.Nu. 550.

4 lie dead, Il.5.467, 16.541, al., A.Ag. 1438, 1446, S.Ph. 359;

κεῖται δὲ νεκρὸς περὶ νεκρῷ Id.Ant. 1240

: rare in Prose,

χίλιοι.. νεκροὶ κείμενοι Hdt.8.25

, cf. Hdn. 2.1.8.

b freq. also in epitaphs, lie buried,

τῇδε κείμεθα Simon. 92

, cf. 97;

κεῖσαι ζῶν ἔτι μᾶλλον τῶν ὑπὸ γᾶς Id.60

; also

κ. ἐν Ταρ τάρῳ Pi.P.1.15

; ἐν τάφῳ, ἐν Ἅιδου, παρ' Ἅιδῃ, A.Ch. 895, S.El. 463, OT 972; also in Prose,

τὸν χῶρον ἐν τῷ κέοιτο Ὀρέστης Hdt.1.67

, cf. 4.11,9.105, Th.2.43; κ.ὑπό τινων to be buried by.., Plu.2.583c.

5 freq. of a corpse, lie unburied, Il.18.338, 19.32;

κεῖται.. νέκυς ἄκλαυτος ἄθαπτος 22.386

;

μὴ δή με ἕλωρ Δαναοῖσιν ἐάσῃς κεῖσθαι 5.685

; also κεῖτ' ἀπόθεστος.. ἐν πολλῇ κόπρῳ lay uncared for, of the old hound of Odysseus, Od.17.296;

εὐνὴ.. κάκ' ἀράχνια κεῖται ἔχουσα 16.35

; of places, lie in ruins,

δόμοι.. χαμαιπετεῖς ἔκεισθ' ἀεί A.Ch. 964

(lyr.), cf. Pl.R. 425a, Lyc.252.

6 of wrestlers, have a fall, A.Eu. 590;

πεσών γε κείσομαι Ar.Nu. 126

.

II of places, to be situated, lie,

νῆσος ἀπόπροθεν εἰν ἁλὶ κεῖται Od.7.244

, cf. 9.25, 10.196, etc.; ἐν τῇ [γῇ] κείμενά ἐστι τὰ Σοῦσα (for κεῖται) Hdt.5.49;

Αἴγινα.. πρὸς νότου κ. πνοάς A.Fr. 404

;

πρὸ Μεγάρων κ. Th.3.51

;

πόλις αὐτάρκη θέσιν κειμένη Id.1.37

;

θέσιν κέεσθαι νοσερωτάτην Hp.

Aër.6, cf. Arist. HA 496a14; κ. πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον, πρὸς ἄρκτον, Id.Mete. 360b14, 363a3.

2 of things, lie or be in a place,

ὅθι οἱ φίλα δέμνι' ἔκειτο Od.8.277

; ἕλε δίφρον κείμενον placed there, 17.331, cf. 410;

φόρμιγγα.., ἥ που κεῖται ἐν ἡμετέροισι δόμοισι 8.255

: in Prose,

δύο τράπεζαι ἐκείσθην Lys.13.37

;

χύτρας εὐκρινῶς κειμένας X.Oec.8.19

.

3 fit, of shoes, Herod. 7.121.

4 κεῖσθαι, posture, attitude, as a category, Arist.Cat. 2a2.

III to be laid up, in store, of goods, property, etc.,

δόμοις ἐν κτήματα κεῖται Il.9.382

;

πολλὰ δ' ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρὸς κειμήλια κ. 6.47

; βασιλῆϊ δὲ κεῖται ἄγαλμα is reserved.., 4.144; μνῆμα ξείνοιο.. κέσκετ' ἐνὶ μεγάροισι was left lying.., Od.21.41; of things dedicated to a god,

κ. ἐν θησαυρῷ Hdt.1.51

, cf. 52, Alc.94; of money, κείμενα deposits, Hdt.6.86.

ά; κ. σοι εὐεργεσία ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ οἴκῳ Th.1.129

, cf. SIG22.15 (Epist. Darei), Pl.R. 345a; πολλὰ χρήματα ἐπὶ τῇ τούτου τραπέζῃ κεῖταί μοι at his bank, Isoc.17.44;

παρά τινι Pl.Ep. 346c

; τἀργύριόν σοι κείσεται the caution-money shall be deposited, Ar.Ra. 624; δραχ μὴν ὑπόθες.—Answ.

κεῖται πάλαι Diph.73.2

: metaph., εἰ ταῦτ' ἀνατὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη shall be placed to her credit, S.Ant. 485, cf. Pi.I. 5(4).18.

IV to be placed in position,

τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ τοίχου.. κειμένων κιόνων IG12.372.46

.

2 to be set up, ordained,

ἄεθλα κεῖτ' ἐν ἀγῶνι Il.23.273

, cf. Hdt.8.26,93, Th.2.46;

ὅπλων ἔκειτ' ἀγὼν πέρι S.Aj. 936

(lyr.).

3 of laws, κεῖται νόμος the law is laid down, E.Hec. 292;

νόμοι ἐπ' ὠφελίᾳ τῶν ἀδικουμένων κεῖνται Th.2.37

;

νόμοι κεῖνται περί τινος Antipho 6.2

; οἱ νόμοι οἱ κείμενοι the established laws, Ar.Pl. 914, cf. Lys.1.48, etc.;

οἱ ὑπὸ τῶν θεῶν κείμενοι νόμοι X.Mem. 4.4.21

;

οἱ νόμοι οἱ ὑπὸ οἱ τῶν βασιλέων κείμενοι Isoc.1.36

, cf. D.24.62;

καινὰ κεῖσθαι θέσμι' ἀνθρώποις E.Med. 494

; αἱ κείμεναι ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπατικῶν γνῶμαι the votes given by.., D.H.7.47; οὐκέτι κ. ἡ διαθήκη no longer holds, Is.6.32; so of philosophical arguments, hold good,

κατά τινων Phld.Rh.1.51

S.;

θάνατος ὧν κεῖται πέρι E. Ion 750

;

κείμεναι ζημίαι Lys.14.9

, cf. Th.3.45.

4 to be laid down in argument, posited, assumed,

τοῦτο ἡμῖν οὕτω κείσθω Pl.R. 350d

, etc.;

ὡμολογημένον ἡμῖν κ. Id.Plt. 300e

; freq. in Arist.,

κείσθω

let it be assumed, Apr.

34b23

,al.; τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κείμενον the assumption, Metaph.1008b2, 1047b10(pl.);

τὰ περὶ τὴν διάνοιαν ἐν τοῖς περὶ ῥητορικῆς κ. Po. 1456a35

.

5 of names, οὔνομα κεῖται the name is given, Hdt.4.184, 7.200, cf. X.Cyr.2.2.12, Pl.Sph. 257c, etc.; ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς κείμενον [ὄνομα] Is.3.32; κεῖσθαι without ὄνομα, Pl.Cra. 392d; κείμενα ὀόματα established terms, Arist. Top. 140a3, Demetr.Eloc.96.

6 metaph., πάντα δεινὰ κἀπικινδύνως βροτοῖς κεῖται, παθεῖν μὲν εὖ, παθεῖν δὲ θάτερα danger is set before men, that they may.., S.Ph. 503.

V metaph., of continuing conditions, ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πένθος ἔκειτο lay heavy, Od.24.423; εὔστομα κείσθω remain unspoken, Hdt.2.171; νεῖκος ἔκειτό τισι there was an enduring feud, S.OT 491 (lyr.); Ἑλλήνων κείσομαι ἐν στόματι my name shall be a household word, AP9.62 (Even.);

πολλῶν κείμενος ἐν στόμασιν Thgn.240

;

εὖ κείμενα A.Ch. 693

; μὴ κινεῖν (sc. κακὸν) εὖ κείμενον 'let sleeping dogs lie', Pl.Phlb. 15c, cf. Hyp. Fr.30, Suid.

2 ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται, i.e. these things are yet in the power of the gods, to give or not, Il.17.514, 20.435.

3 κεῖσθαι ἔν τινι to rest entirely or be dependent on him,

ἐν ἀγαθοῖσι κ. πολίων κυβερνάσιες Pi.P.10.71

;

ἐν ὔμμι ὡς θεῷ κείμεθα S.OC 248

(lyr.); also

ἐπί τινι, τὰ δ' οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κ. Pi.P.8.76

: also with simple dat.,

Λεωφίλῳ πάντα κεῖται Archil.69

, prob.in Com.Adesp.1325; of things, depend upon,

τὸ πανηγυρικὸν ἐν μελέτῃ καὶ τριβῇ κ. Phld.Rh.1.93

S.;

τὰ.. γυμνάσια ἐν τῇ κινήσει κ. Antyll.

ap. Orib.6.23.1.

4 Medic., to be left to settle, of urine, Hp.Epid.1.26.β.

b φάρυγξ οὐ φλεγμαίνουσα, κειμένη δέ, i.e. not swollen, ib.2.2.24.

5 Gramm., of words and phrases, to be found, occur,

παρὰ τῷ ποιητῃ Str.7.3.6

, cf. Ath.2.58b;

κεῖται ἐν τῷ Περὶ Πλούτου Phld.Oec. p.39

J.; ποῦ κεῖται; Ath.4.165d, cf. Κειτούκειτος; κ. ἀντί τινος to be used instead of.., Str.8.6.7; τὸ κείμενον the received text, Sch.vulg.Pi.O.2.48.

μεδέων, οντος, ὁ, ([etym.] μέδω) participial Subst.,

A guardian, ruler, Hom. (only in Il.), always of Zeus, as connected with special places, Ἴδηθεν μεδέων ruling from Ida, Il.3.276, etc.;

Δωδώνης μ. 16.234

; also Κυλλήνης μ., of Hermes, h.Merc.2;

Πάν, Ἀρκαδίας μ. Pi.Fr.95

;

Ἀπόλλων Τελμεσσοῦ μ. SIG1044.8

(Halic., iv/iii B. C.); τῷ μεδεῦντι Νείλεω δήμου (i. e. Apollo) Call.Fr.95; δελφίνων μ., of Poseidon, Ar.Eq. 560 (lyr.);

σοὶ τῷ πάντων μ. E.Fr.912.1

(anap.): c. dat. loci, Pi.O.7.88;

μ. καὶ χθονὶ καὶ πελάγει AP6.30

(Maced.): generally, ruler,

ἡμετέρῳ μεδέοντι Call.Jov.86

.

2 fem. μεδέουσα, guardian goddess, of Aphrodite,

Σαλαμῖνος μεδέουσα h.Hom.10.4

; of Mnemosyne,

Ἐλευθῆρος μεδέουσα Hes.Th.54

; of Pallas, τῆς ἱερωτάτης μεδέουσα χώρας ([place name] Attica) Ar.Eq. 585 (lyr.), cf. 763; νεὼς Ἀθηναίας τῆς Ἀθηνῶν μεδεούσης prob. in IG12(1).977.10 (Carpathos, iv B. C.), cf. Supp.Epigr.1.375,376 ([place name] Samos), 3.3.5 ([place name] Athens), Plu.Them.10: generally, [

Ἑλένη] μ. θαλάσσης E.Or. 1690

(anap.);

τόξων μ. Ἄρτεμιν Id.Hipp. 167

(lyr.). —[dialect] Aeol. participial form μέδεις (as if from μέδημι), Alc.5 (wrongly expld. as [ per.] 2sg. ind. by Apion ap.A.D.Synt.92.7); other forms in late poets,

μεδέουσι Q.S.5.525

;

μεδέεις Epigr.Gr.975

;

μεδέοιεν IG14.1363.10

.

φωστήρ, ῆρος, ὁ,

A that which gives light, οἱ φ. the lights of heaven, stars, LXXGe.14, al., Simp. in Epict.p.72 D.; οἱ δύο φ., i.e. sun and moon, ibid., cf. Procl.Hyp.4.72, etc.;

φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ Ep.Phil.2.15

.

2 splendour, radiance,

ὁ φ. αὐτῆς ὅμοιος λίθῳ τιμιωτάτῳ Apoc.21.11

.

3 metaph., of a king,

τῷ φ. τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Them.Or.16.204c

.

4 of the eyes, Vett.Val.110.22.

II opening for light, door or window, Hsch.

ἡγέομαι, [dialect] Dor. [pref] ἁγ- (irreg. [tense] pres. part.

A

ἁγώμενος Hymn.Curet.4

), [tense] impf. ἡγούμην ll.12.28, etc., [dialect] Ion.

- εύμην Hdt.2.115

,

ἡγέοντο Id.9.15

: [tense] fut.

ἡγήσομαι Il.14.374

, etc.: [tense] aor. 1

ἡγησάμην Od.14.48

, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 ἡγήθην in pass. sense, PGiss.48.20 (iii A.D.) (cf. περιηγ-): [tense] pf.

ἥγημαι Hdt.1.126

, 2.115,

ἅγημαι Pi.P.4.248

:—go before, lead the way,

ὣς εἰπὼν ἡγεῖθ', ἡ δ' ἕσπετο Παλλὰς 'Αθήνη Od.1.125

;

ἂν πάϊς ἡγήσαιτο νήπιος 6.300

, etc.;

πρόσθεν δὲ.. Ἶρις ἡγεῖτ' Il.24.96

;

ἡγοῦ πάροιθε E. Ph. 834

;

ἡ. ἐπὶ νῆα Od.13.65

;

ἐς τεῖχος Il.20.144

;

κλισίηνδε Od.14

. 48, cf. Hdt.2.93, etc.;

ἡγησόμενος οὐδεὶς ἔσται X.An.2.4.5

: Astron., precede in the daily movement, Autol.2.3, al.

b c. dat. pers.,

Τρωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι Il.22.101

;

ἐκ Δουλιχίου.. ἡγεῖτο μνηστῆρσι Od.16.397

;

οἱ γὰρ βλέποντες τοῖς τυφλοῖς ἡγούμεθα Ar.Pl.15

;

ἡ. τοῖς πολίταις πρὸς ἀρετήν X.Ages.10.2

.

c with ὁδόν added, ὁδὸν ἡγήσασθαι to go before on the way, Od.10.263;

ἡ. τινὶ τὴν ὁδόν Hdt.9.15

.

d c. acc. loci, ἥ οἱ.. πόλιν ἡγήσαιτο who might guide him to the city, Od.6.114, cf. 7.22, 15.82;

ἡ. βωμοὺς ἀστικούς A.Supp. 501

.

e ἅρματα ἡ. drive chariots, Philostr.Im.2.23.

f of logical priority, to be antecedent, opp. ἕπεσθαι, Stoic.2.71, 88, S.E. M.8.110, al., Dam.Pr. 241, Phlp. in GC195.13, in Ph.496.14.

g ἡγούμενον, τό, the leading principle, the main thing, Ph.Bel.63.14, cf. Sosip.1.47.

2 c. dat. pers. et gen. rei, to be one's leader in a thing,

θεῖος ἀοιδὸς.. ἡμῖν ἡγείσθω.. ὀρχηθμοῖο Od.23.134

; ἡ. τινὶ σοφίας, ᾠδῆς, Pi.P.l.c., Pl.Alc.1.125d;

ἀλήθεια δὴ πάντων μὲν ἀγαθῶν θεοῖς ἡγεῖται πάντων δὲ ἀνθρώποις Id.Lg. 730c

;

ἡ. τοῦ χοροῦ Πέρσαις X.Cyr.8.7.1

, cf. Call.Del. 313: c. gen. rei, ἁ. νόμων to lead the song, Pi.N.5.25;

φρόνησις ἡ. τοῦ ὀρθῶς πράττειν Pl.Men. 97c

;

ἡ. παντὸς καὶ λόγου καὶ ἔργου X.Mem.2.3.15

: also,

τὸ ὀρθῶς τοῖς τοιούτοις χρῆσθαι ἐπιστήμη ἦν ἡγουμένη Pl.Euthd. 281a

.

3 c. dat. rei, to be leader in.., κερδοσύνῃ, νηπιέῃσι ἡ. τινί, Il.22.247, Od.24.469.

4 c. acc. rei, lead, conduct,

ἡ. τὰς πομπάς D.21.174

; τὴν ἀποδημίαν (v.l. for ᾐτήσατο) Dinon 7;

τὰς τύχας E.Supp. 226

: with adverbial acc.,

ἡ γλῶσσα πάνθ' ἡγουμένη S.Ph.99

.

5 part. ἡγούμενος, η, ον, as Adj., σκέλη ἡγούμενα, opp. ἑπόμενα, the front legs, Arist.IA 713b6; ὁ ἡ. πούς the advanced foot, Id.Fr.74.

II lead, command in war, c. dat.,

νῆες θοαί, ᾗσιν 'Αχιλλεὺς ἐς Τροίην ἡγεῖτο Il.16.169

, cf. Od.14.238; οὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν ἐπὶ στίχας ἡγήσαιτο might lead them to their ranks, Il.2.687;

ἡ. Τρώεσσιν ἐς Ἴλιον 5.211

;

ἡ. Μῄοσιν 2.864

;

λόγχαισιν E.Ba. 1360

;

ἑτέροις Lys. 31.17

, cf. X.An.5.2.6;

ἐν ταῖς στρατείαις, αἷς ἡγεῖται βασιλεύς Isoc. 12.180

: also generally,

πόλει E.Fr.282.24

; but usu. c. gen.,

Σαρπηδὼν δ' ἡγήσατ'.. ἐπικούρων Il.12.101

;

ἡγήσατο λαῶν 15.311

, cf. 2.567, al.;

ἡ. τῆς ἐξόδου Th.2.10

;

ἡγούμενος τῶν ἡδονῶν ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀγόμενος ὑπ' αὐτῶν Isoc.9.45

: abs., to be in command, Id.16.21, etc.

2 rule, have dominion, c. gen., τῆς 'Ασίης, τῆς συμμαχίης, Hdt.1.95, 7.148;

οἱ Θεσσαλίης ἡγεόμενοι Id.9.1

: abs., οἱ ἡγούμενοι the rulers, S. Ph. 386, cf. A.Ag. 1363;

ἡ. ἐν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς

leading men,

Act.Ap. 15.22

; ἡ. σχολῆς to be the head of a philosophical school, Phld.Acad. Ind.p.107 M., al.

3 as official title, ἡγούμενος, ὁ, president,

συνόδου PGrenf.2.67.3

(iii A.D.); γερδίων ib.43.9 (i A.D.);

ἱερέων PLond. 2.281.2

(i A.D.): abs., PFay.110.26 (i A.D.).

b of Roman governors, ἡ. ἔθνους,= Lat. praeses provinciae, POxy.1020.5 (ii/iii A.D.);

ἡ. τῆς Γαλατίας Luc.Alex.44

.

c of subordinate officials,

ἡ. τοῦ στρατηγοῦ POxy.294.19

(i A.D.);

κώμης PRyl.125.3

(i A.D.).

d abbot, Just.Nov.7.1, al.: fem. - μένη abbess, ibid.

4 ἡγούμενος as Adj., principal,

πυλών PFlor.382.15

(iii A.D.), POxy.55.9 (iii A.D.).

III post-Hom., believe, hold, Hdt. (usu. in [tense] pf. ἥγημαι, [ per.] 3pl. ἡγέαται), etc.;

ἡ. τι εἶναι Id.1.126

, al.;

ἡγεῖσθε δὲ [θεοὺς] βλέπειν.. πρὸς τὸν εὐσεβῆ βροτῶν S.OC 278

, cf. Th.2.89, Ar.Nu. 1020 (lyr.), etc.

2 with an attributive word added, ἡ. τινὰ βασιλέα hold or regard as king, Hdt.6.52;

μηδ' αὐθαδίαν εὐβουλίας ἀμείνον' ἡγήσῃ ποτέ A.Pr. 1035

;

ἅπαντας ἐχθροὺς τῶν θεῶν ἡγοῦ πλέον Id.Ch. 902

, cf. 905; ἡ. τἄλλα πάντα δεύτερα to hold everything else secondary, S.Ph. 1442; οὐκ αἰσχρὸν ἡγῇ.. τὰ ψευδῆ λέγειν; ib. 108, cf. Ant. 1167;

τὰς τούτων ἀπορίας ἀντιπάλους ἡ. τῷ ἡμετέρῳ πλήθει Th.4.10

;

περὶ πολλοῦ ἥγημαι μὴ ξεινοκτονέειν Hdt.2.115

;

περὶ πλείονος Isoc.19.10

;

περὶ πλείστου Th.2.89

;

περὶ οὐδενός Lys.7.26

; παρ' οὐδέν Decr. ap. D.18.164: c. part.,

πᾶν κέρδος ἡγοῦ ζημιουμένη φυγῇ E.Med. 454

.

3 esp. of belief in gods,

τὴν μεγίστην δαίμονα ἥγηνται εἶναι Hdt.2.40

, cf. 3.8; ἡ. θεούς to believe in gods, Ar.Eq.32, E.Hec. 800, Ba. 1326;

δαίμονας ἡ. Pl.Ap. 27d

.

4 ἡγοῦμαι δεῖν think fit, deem necessary, c. inf., And.1.23, D.1.20: without δεῖν, παθεῖν μᾶλλον ἡγησάμενοι ἤ .. Th.2.42 (s.v.l.);

ἡγησάμην διατάγματι αὐτοὺς σωφρονίσαι Inscr.Magn.114

(ii A.D.);

ἡγήσατο ἐπαινέσαι Pl.Prt. 346b

.

IV [tense] pf. in pass. sense, τὰ ἁγημένα,= τὰ νομιζόμενα, Orac. ap. D.43.66; ἡγεόμενον being led, Hdt.3.14 ( ἀγόμενον Dind.): hence act. form ἡγέω, Hdn.Gr.2.950. ( sāg-, cf. Lat. praesagio.)

οἶκος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)

① house

ⓐ lit.

α. a dwelling Lk 11:17 (cp. πίπτω 1bβ); 12:39; 14:23 (unless οἶκ. means dining room here as Phryn. Com. [V B.C.] 66 Kock; X., Symp. 2, 18; Athen. 12, 54a); Ac 2:2; (w. ἀγροί, κτήματα) Hs 1:9. εἰς τὸν οἶκόν τινος into or to someone’s house (Judg 18:26) ἀπέρχεσθαι Mt 9:7; Mk 7:30; Lk 1:23; 5:25; εἰσέρχεσθαι Lk 1:40; 7:36; 8:41; Ac 11:12; 16:15b; ἔρχεσθαι Mk 5:38; καταβαίνειν Lk 18:14; πορεύεσθαι 5:24; ὑπάγειν Mt 9:6; Mk 2:11; 5:19; ὑποστρέφειν Lk 1:56; 8:39.—κατοικεῖν εἰς τὸν οἶκόν τινος live in someone’s house Hm 4, 4, 3; Hs 9, 1, 3. οἱ εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου the members of my household Lk 9:61. εἰς τὸν … οἶκον ἐγένετο χαρά AcPl Ha 6, 2.—εἰς τὸν οἶκον into the house; home: ἀνάγειν Ac 16:34. ἀπέρχεσθαι Hs 9, 11, 2. ἔρχεσθαι Lk 15:6. ὑπάγειν Hs 9, 11, 6. ὑποστρέφειν Lk 7:10.—εἰς τὸν οἶκον (w. ὐποδέχεσθαι) Lk 10:38 v.l. (s. οἰκία 1a).—εἰς οἶκόν τινος to someone’s house/home Mk 8:3, 26. εἰς οἶκόν τινος τῶν ἀρχόντων Lk 14:1 (on the absence of the art. s. B-D-F §259, 1; Rob. 792).—εἰς οἶκον home (Aeschyl., Soph.; Diod S 4, 2, 1): εἰσέρχεσθαι Mk 7:17; 9:28. ἔρχεσθαι 3:20.—ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου ἐκείνου Ac 19:16.—ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τινός in someone’s house Ac 7:20; 10:30; 11:13; Hs 6, 1, 1.—ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ in the house, at home J 11:20; Hv 5:1.—ἐν οἴκῳ at home (Strabo 13, 1, 38; UPZ 59, 5 [168 B.C.]; 74, 6; POxy 531, 3 [II A.D.]; 1 Km 19:9) Mk 2:1 (Goodsp., Probs. 52); 1 Cor 11:34; 14:35.—κατὰ τοὺς οἴκους εἰσπορεύεσθαι enter house after house Ac 8:3. κατʼ οἴκους (opp. δημοσίᾳ) from house to house i.e. in private 20:20. In the sing. κατʼ οἶκον (opp. ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ) in the various private homes (Jos., Ant. 4, 74; 163.—Diod S 17, 28, 4 κατʼ οἰκίαν ἀπολαύσαντες τῶν βρωτῶν=having enjoyed the food in their individual homes) 2:46; 5:42. ἡ κατʼ οἶκόν τινος ἐκκλησία the church in someone’s house Ro 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19; Col 4:15; Phlm 2 (s. ἐκκλησία 3bα; EJudge, The Social Pattern of Christian Groups in the First Century ’60; LWhite, House Churches: OEANE III 118–21 [lit.]). τὰ κατὰ τὸν οἶκον household affairs (Lucian, Abdic. 22) 1 Cl 1:3.

β. house of any large building οἶκος τοῦ βασιλέως the king’s palace (Ael. Aristid. 32, 12 K.=12 p. 138 D.; 2 Km 11:8; 15:35; 3 Km 7:31; Jos., Ant. 9, 102) Mt 11:8. οἶκος ἐμπορίου (s. ἐμπόριον) J 2:16b. οἶκος προσευχῆς house of prayer Mt 21:13; Mk 11:17; Lk 19:46 (all three Is 56:7). οἶκ. φυλακῆς prison-house 14:7 (Is 42:7).—Esp. of God’s house (Herodas 1, 26 οἶκος τῆς θεοῦ [of Aphrodite]; IKosPH 8, 4 οἶκος τῶν θεῶν.—οἶκ. in ref. to temples as early as Eur., Phoen. 1372; Hdt. 8, 143; Pla., Phdr. 24e; ins [cp. SIG ind. IV οἶκος d; Thieme 31]; UPZ 79, 4 [II B.C.] ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τῷ Ἄμμωνος; POxy 1380, 3 [II A.D.]; LXX; New Docs 1, 6f; 31; 139) οἶκος τοῦ θεοῦ (Jos., Bell. 4, 281) Mt 12:4; Mk 2:26; Lk 6:4. Of the temple in Jerusalem (3 Km 7:31 ὁ οἶκος κυρίου; Just., D. 86, 6 al.) ὁ οἶκός μου Mt 21:13; Mk 11:17; Lk 19:46 (all three Is 56:7). ὁ οἶκ. τοῦ πατρός μου J 2:16a; cp. Ac 7:47, 49 (Is 66:1). Specif. of the temple building (Eupolem.: 723 fgm 2, 12 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 34, 14]; EpArist 88; 101) μεταξὺ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ τοῦ οἴκου between the altar and the temple building Lk 11:51. Of the heavenly sanctuary, in which Christ functions as high priest Hb 10:21 (sense bα is preferred by some here).

γ. in a wider sense οἶκ. occasionally amounts to city (cp. the note on POxy 126, 4.—Jer 22:5; 12:7; TestLevi 10, 5 οἶκος … Ἰερους. κληθήσεται) Mt 23:38; Lk 13:35.

ⓑ fig. (Philo, Cher. 52 ὦ ψυχή, δέον ἐν οἴκῳ θεοῦ παρθενεύεσθαι al.)

α. of the Christian community as the spiritual temple of God ὡς λίθοι ζῶντες οἰκοδομεῖσθε οἶκος πνευματικός as living stones let yourselves be built up into a spiritual house 1 Pt 2:5 (ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 286–91; JHElliott (s. end) 200–208). The tower, which Hermas uses as a symbol of the Christian community, is also called ὁ οἶκ. τοῦ θεοῦ: ἀποβάλλεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκ. τοῦ θ. Hs 9, 13, 9. Opp. εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τὸν οἶκ. τοῦ θεοῦ Hs 9, 14, 1.—The foll. pass. are more difficult to classify; mng. 2 (the Christians as God’s family) is poss.: ὁ οἶκ. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Pt 4:17; ἐν οἴκῳ θεοῦ ἀναστρέφεσθαι ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐκκλησία θεοῦ ζῶντος 1 Ti 3:15.

β. dwelling, habitation, of the human body (Just., D. 40, 1 τὸ πλάσμα … οἶκ. ἐγένετο τοῦ ἐμφυσήματος; Mel., P. 55, 402 τοῦ σαρκίνου οἴκου; Lucian, Gall. 17) as a habitation of hostile spirits Mt 12:44; Lk 11:24. Corresp. the gentiles are called an οἶκ. δαιμονίων 16:7.

② household, family (Hom. et al.; Artem. 2, 68 p. 161, 11 μετὰ ὅλου τοῦ οἴκου; Ath. 3, 2 τὸν ὑμέτερον οἶκον) Lk 10:5; 19:9; Ac 10:2; 11:14; 16:31; 18:8. ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπειν ruin whole families Tit 1:11 (cp. Gen 47:12 πᾶς ὁ οἶκος=‘the whole household’). ὁ Στεφανᾶ οἶκ. Stephanas and his family 1 Cor 1:16; ὁ Ὀνησιφόρου οἶκ. 2 Ti 1:16; 4:19. ὁ οἶκ. Ταουί̈ας ISm 13:2. Esp. freq. in Hermas: τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ὅλου τοῦ οἴκου σου the sins of your whole family Hv 1, 1, 9; cp. 1, 3, 1; 2, 3, 1; Hs 7:2. … σε καὶ τὸν οἶκ. σου v 1, 3, 2; cp. m 2:7; 5, 1, 7; Hs 7:5ff. W. τέκνα m 12, 3, 6; Hs 5, 3, 9. Cp. 1 Ti 3:4, 12 (on the subj. matter, Ocellus Luc. 47 τοὺς ἰδίους οἴκους κατὰ τρόπον οἰκονομήσουσι; Letter 58 of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 362, 3]). ἡ τοῦ Ἐπιτρόπου σὺν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτῆς καὶ τῶν τέκνων the (widow) of Epitropus together with all her household and that of her children IPol 8:2 (Sb 7912 [ins 136 A.D.] σὺν τῷ παντὶ οἴκῳ). ἀσπάζομαι τοὺς οἴκους τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου σὺν γυναιξὶ καὶ τέκνοις I greet the households of my brothers (in the faith), including their wives and children ISm 13:1. In a passage showing the influence of Num 12:7, Hb 3:2–6 contrasts the οἶκος of which Moses was a member and the οἶκος over which Christ presides (cp. SIG 22, 16f οἶκος βασιλέως; Thu 1, 129, 3 Xerxes to one ἐν ἡμετέρῳ οἴκῳ; sim. οἶκος of Augustus IGR I, 1109 [4 B.C.], cp. IV, 39b, 26 [27 B.C.]; s. MFlory, TAPA 126, ’96, 292 n. 20). Hence the words of vs. 6 οὗ (i.e. Χριστοῦ) οἶκός ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς whose household we are.—On Christians as God’s family s. also 1bα above. τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκ. προστῆναι manage one’s own household 1 Ti 3:4f; cp. vs. 12 and 5:4.—On management of an οἶκος s. X., Oeconomicus. On the general topic of family MRaepsaet-Charlier, La femme, la famille, la parenté à Rome: L’Antiquité Classique 62, ’93, 247–53.

③ a whole clan or tribe of people descended fr. a common ancestor, house=descendants, nation, transf. sense fr. that of a single family (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 127 §531 οἴκοι μεγάλοι=famous families [of Caesar’s assassins]; Dionys. Byz. 53 p. 23, 1; LXX; Jos., Ant. 2, 202; 8, 111; SibOr 3, 167) ὁ οἶκ. Δαυίδ (3 Km 12:19; 13:2) Lk 1:27, 69 (on the probability of Semitic inscriptional evidence for the phrase ‘house of David’ s. articles pro and con in Bar 20/2, ’94, 26–39; 20/3, ’94, 30–37; 20/4, ’94, 54f; 20/6, ’94, 47; 21/2, ’95, 78f). ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς Δ. 2:4.—οἶκ. Ἰσραήλ Mt 10:6; 15:24; Ac 2:36; 7:42 (Am 5:25); Hb 8:10 (Jer 38:33); 1 Cl 8:3 (quot. of unknown orig.). AcPlCor 2:10. πᾶς οἶκ. Ἰσραήλ GJs 7:3 (Jer 9:25). ὁ οἶκ. Ἰς. combined w. ὁ οἶκ. Ἰούδα Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31). οἶκ. Ἰακώβ (Ex 19:3; Is 2:5; Just., A I, 53, 4;, D. 135, 6) Lk 1:33; Ac 7:46. οἶκ. τοῦ Ἀμαλήκ 12:9.

④ a house and what is in it, property, possessions, estate (Hom. et al.; s. also Hdt. 3, 53; Isaeus 7, 42; Pla., Lach. 185a; X., Oec. 1, 5; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 15 Jac.; Jos., Bell. 6, 282; Just., D. 139, 4) ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον καὶ ὅλον τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ over Egypt and over all his estate Ac 7:10 (cp. Gen 41:40; Artem. 4, 61 προέστη τοῦ παντὸς οἴκου).—S. the lit. on infant baptism, e.g. GDelling, Zur Taufe von ‘Häusern’ im Urchrist., NovT 7, ’65, 285–311=Studien zum NT ’70, 288–310.—JHElliott, A Home for the Homeless ’81. B. 133; 458. Schmidt, Syn. II 508–26. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἐν prep. w. dat. (Hom.+). For lit. s. ἀνά and εἰς, beg. For special NT uses s. AOepke, TW II 534–39. The uses of this prep. are so many and various, and oft. so easily confused, that a strictly systematic treatment is impossible. It must suffice to list the main categories, which will help establish the usage in individual cases. The earliest auditors/readers, not being inconvenienced by grammatical and lexical debates, would readily absorb the context and experience little difficulty.

① marker of a position defined as being in a location, in, among (the basic idea, Rob. 586f)

ⓐ of the space or place within which someth. is found, in: ἐν τῇ πόλει Lk 7:37. ἐν Βηθλέεμ Mt 2:1. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 3:1 (Just., D. 19, 5, cp. A I, 12, 6 ἐν ἐρημίᾳ) ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Ac 5:42. ἐν οἴκῳ 1 Ti 3:15 and very oft. ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house Lk 2:49 and perh. Mt 20:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302, C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός; PTebt 12, 3; POxy 523, 3; Tob 6:11 S; Goodsp., Probs. 81–83). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Mt 20:3. ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ in heaven (Arat., Phaen. 10; Diod S 4, 61, 6; Plut., Mor. 359d τὰς ψυχὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ λάμπειν ἄστρα; Tat. 12, 2 τὰ ἄστρα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ) Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3); Rv 12:1; IEph 19:2.—W. quotations and accounts of the subject matter of literary works: in (Ps.-Demetr. c. 226 ὡς ἐν τῷ Εὐθυδήμῳ; Simplicius in Epict. p. 28, 37 ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι; Ammon. Hermiae in Aristot. De Interpret. c. 9 p. 136, 20 Busse ἐν Τιμαίῳ παρειλήφαμεν=we have received as a tradition; 2 Macc 2:4; 1 Esdr 1:40; 5:48; Sir 50:27; Just., A I, 60, 1 ἐν τῷ παρὰ Πλάτωνι Τιμαίῳ) ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9. ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Lk 24:44; J 1:45. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις Ac 13:40. ἐν Ἠλίᾳ in the story of Elijah Ro 11:2 (Just., D. 120, 3 ἐν τῷ Ἰούδα). ἐν τῷ Ὡσηέ 9:25 (Just., D. 44, 2 ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ). ἐν Δαυίδ in the Psalter ( by David is also prob.: s. 6) Hb 4:7. ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ in another prophet B 6:14. Of inner life φανεροῦσθαι ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσι be made known to (your) consciences 2 Cor 5:11. ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Mt 5:28; 13:19; 2 Cor 11:12 et al.

ⓑ on ἐν τῷ ὄρει (X., An. 4, 3, 31; Diod S 14, 16, 2 λόφος ἐν ᾧ=a hill on which; Jos., Ant. 12, 259; Just., D. 67, 9 ἐν ὄρει Χωρήβ) J 4:20f; Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ in the market Mt 20:3. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mt 5:25. ἐν πλαξίν on tablets 2 Cor 3:3. ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν on the street corners Mt 6:5.

ⓒ within the range of, at, near (Soph., Fgm. 37 [34 N.²] ἐν παντὶ λίθῳ=near every stone; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 19 ἐν Τύρῳ=near Tyre; Polyaenus 8, 24, 7 ἐν τῇ νησῖδι=near the island; Diog. L. 1, 34; 85; 97 τὰ ἐν ποσίν=what is before one’s feet; Jos., Vi. 227 ἐν Χαβωλώ) ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακείῳ (q.v.) J 8:20. ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ near the pool of Siloam Lk 13:4. καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ τινος sit at someone’s right hand (cp. 1 Esdr 4:29) Eph 1:20; Hb 1:3; 8:1.

ⓓ among, in (Hom.+; PTebt 58, 41 [111 B.C.]; Sir 16:6; 31:9; 1 Macc 4:58; 5:2; TestAbr B 9 p. 13, 27 [Stone p. 74]; Just., A I, 5, 4 ἐν βαρβάροις) ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ in the generation now living Mk 8:38. ἐν τῷ γένει μου among my people Gal 1:14 (Just., D. 51, 1 al. ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν). ἐν ἡμῖν Hb 13:26. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ in the crowd Mk 5:30 (cp. Sir 7:7). ἐν ἀλλήλοις mutually (Thu. 1, 24, 4; Just., D. 101, 3) Ro 1:12; 15:5. ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν (=among the commanding officers: Diod S 18, 61, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 21 §84) Ἰούδα Mt 2:6 et al. ἐν ἀνθρώποις among people (as Himerius, Or. 48 [14], 11; Just., A I, 23, 3, D. 64, 7) Lk 2:14; cp. Ac 4:12.

ⓔ before, in the presence of, etc. (cp. Od. 2, 194; Eur., Andr. 359; Pla., Leg. 9, 879b; Demosth. 24, 207; Polyb. 5, 39, 6; Epict. 3, 22, 8; Appian, Maced. 18 §2 ἐν τοῖς φίλοις=in the presence of his friends; Sir 19:8; Jdth 6:2; PPetr. II, 4 [6], 16 [255/254 B.C.] δινὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἐν ὄχλῳ ἀτιμάζεσθαι=before a crowd) σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τοῖς τελείοις in the presence of mature (i.e. spiritually sophisticated) adults 1 Cor 2:6 (cp. Simplicius in Epict. p. 131, 20 λέγειν τὰ θεωρήματα ἐν ἰδιώταις). ἐν τ. ὠσὶν ὑμῶν in your hearing Lk 4:21 (cp. Judg 17:2; 4 Km 23:2; Bar 1:3f), where the words can go linguistically just as well w. πεπλήρωται as w. ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη (this passage of scripture read in your hearing). ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τινος in someone’s eyes, i.e. judgment (Wsd 3:2; Sir 8:16; Jdth 3:4; 12:14; 1 Macc 1:12) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:23). ἔν τινι in the same mng. as early as Trag. (Soph., Oed. C. 1213 ἐν ἐμοί=in my judgment, Ant. 925 ἐν θεοῖς καλά; also Pla., Prot. 337b; 343c) ἐν ἐμοί 1 Cor 14:11; possibly J 3:21 (s. 4c below) and Jd 1 belong here.—In the ‘forensic’ sense ἔν τινι can mean in someone’s court or forum (Soph., Ant. 459; Pla., Gorg. 464d, Leg. 11, 916b; Ael. Aristid. 38, 3 K.=7 p. 71 D.; 46 p. 283, 334 D.; Diod S 19, 51, 4; Ps.-Heraclit., Ep. 4, 6; but in several of these pass. the mng. does not go significantly beyond ‘in the presence of’ [s. above]) ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Cor 6:2 ( by you is also tenable; s. 6 below).

ⓕ esp. to describe certain processes, inward: ἐν ἑαυτῷ to himself, i.e. in silence, διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:8; Lk 12:17; διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17; εἰδέναι J 6:61; λέγειν Mt 3:9; 9:21; Lk 7:49; εἰπεῖν 7:39 al.; ἐμβριμᾶσθαι J 11:38.

② marker of a state or condition, in

ⓐ of being clothed and metaphors assoc. with such condition in, with (Hdt. 2, 159; X., Mem. 3, 11, 4; Diod S 1, 12, 9; Herodian 2, 13, 3; Jdth 10:3; 1 Macc 6:35; 2 Macc 3:33) ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν μαλακοῖς dressed in soft clothes Mt 11:8. περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις Rv 3:5; 4:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς walk about in long robes Mk 12:38 (Tat. 2, 1 ἐν πορφυρίδι περιπατῶν); cp. Ac 10:30; Mt 11:21; Lk 10:13. ἐν λευκοῖς in white (Artem. 2, 3; 4, 2 ἐν λευκοῖς προϊέναι; Epict. 3, 22, 1) J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Prob. corresp. ἐν σαρκί clothed in flesh (cp. Diod S 1, 12, 9 deities appear ἐν ζῴων μορφαῖς) 1 Ti 3:16; 1J 4:2; 2J 7. ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ in all his glory Mt 6:29 (cp. 1 Macc 10:86). ἐν τ. δόξῃ τοῦ πατρός clothed in his Father’s glory 16:27; cp. 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:31.

ⓑ of other states and conditions (so freq. w. γίνομαι, εἰμί; Attic wr.; PPetr II, 11 [1], 8 [III B.C.] γράφε, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ἐν οἷς εἶ; 39 [g], 16; UPZ 110, 176 [164 B.C.] et al.; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 2 πάλιν ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ γενέσθαι; 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι; Tat. 20, 1f οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἄπειρος ὁ οὐρανός, … πεπερασμένος δὲ καὶ ἐν τέρματι; Mel., HE 4, 26, 6 ἐν … λεηλασίᾳ ‘plundering’): ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις Lk 16:23. ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ 1J 3:14. ἐν ζωῇ Ro 5:10. ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς Phlm 13 (Just., A II, 2, 11 ἐν δ. γενέσθαι). ἐν πειρασμοῖς 1 Pt 1:6; ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός Ro 8:3. ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι 1 Th 2:2. ἐν φθορᾷ in a state of corruptibility 1 Cor 15:42. ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν 2 Cor 10:6 (cp. PEleph 10, 7 [223/222 B.C.] τ. λοιπῶν ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ὄντων; PGen 76, 8; 3 Macc 5:8); ἐν ἐκστάσει in a state of trance Ac 11:5 (opp. Just., D, 115, 3 ἐν καταστάσει ὤν). Of qualities: ἐν πίστει κ. ἀγάπῃ κ. ἁγιασμῷ 1 Ti 2:15; ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ Tit 3:3; ἐν πανουργίᾳ 2 Cor 4:2; ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι 1 Ti 2:2; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:26; ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7; ἐν δόξῃ Phil 4:19.

③ marker of extension toward a goal that is understood to be within an area or condition, into: ἐν is somet. used w. verbs of motion where εἰς would normally be expected (Diod S 23, 8, 1 Ἄννων ἐπέρασε ἐν Σικελίᾳ; Hero I 142, 7; 182, 4; Paus. 7, 4, 3 διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ; Epict. 1, 11, 32; 2, 20, 33; Aelian, VH 4, 18; Vett. Val. 210, 26; 212, 6 al., s. index; Pel.-Leg. 1, 4; 5; 2, 1; PParis 10, 2 [145 B.C.] ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ; POxy 294, 4; BGU 22, 13; Tob 5:5 BA; 1 Macc 10:43; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 23=Stone p. 60 [s. on the LXX Thackeray 25]; πέμψον αὐτοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ En 10:9; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 22 [Stone p. 14] δάκρυα … ἐν τῷ νιπτῆρι πίπτοντα): εἰσέρχεσθαι Lk 9:46; Rv 11:11; ἀπάγειν GJs 6:1; ἀνάγειν 7:1; εἰσάγειν 10:1; καταβαίνειν J 5:3 (4) v.l.; ἀναβαίνειν GJs 22:13; ἀπέρχεσθαι (Diod S 23, 18, 5) Hs 1:6; ἥκειν GJs 5:1; ἀποστέλλειν 25:1. To be understood otherwise: ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ the word went out = spread in all Judaea Lk 7:17; likew. 1 Th 1:8. The metaphorical expr. ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous Lk 1:17 is striking but consistent w. the basic sense of ἐν. S. also γίνομαι, δίδωμι, ἵστημι, καλέω, and τίθημι. ἐν μέσῳ among somet. answers to the question ‘whither’ (B-D-F §215, 3) Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 8:7.

④ marker of close association within a limit, in

ⓐ fig., of pers., to indicate the state of being filled w. or gripped by someth.: in someone=in one’s innermost being ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα in him dwells all the fullness Col 2:9. ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα (prob. to be understood as local, not instrumental, since ἐν αὐ. would otherwise be identical w. διʼ αὐ. in the same vs.) everything was created in association with him 1:16 (cp. M. Ant. 4, 23 ἐν σοὶ πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; AFeuillet, NTS 12, ’65, 1–9). ἐν τῷ θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν your life is hid in God 3:3; cp. 2:3. Of sin in humans Ro 7:17f; cp. κατεργάζεσθαι vs. 8. Of Christ who, as a spiritual being, fills people so as to be in charge of their lives 8:10; 2 Cor 13:5, abides J 6:56, lives Gal 2:20, and takes form 4:19 in them. Of the divine word: οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 1:10; μένειν ἔν τινι J 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν Col 3:16. Of God’s spirit: οἰκεῖν (ἐνοικεῖν) ἔν τινι Ro 8:9, 11; 1 Cor 3:16; 2 Ti 1:14. Of spiritual gifts 1 Ti 4:14; 2 Ti 1:6. Of miraculous powers ἐνεργεῖν ἔν τινι be at work in someone Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; ποιεῖν ἔν τινι εὐάρεστον Hb 13:21. The same expr. of God or evil spirits, who somehow work in people: 1 Cor 12:6; Phil 2:13; Eph 2:2 al.

ⓑ of the whole, w. which the parts are closely joined: μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ remain in the vine J 15:4. ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι μέλη πολλὰ ἔχομεν in one body we have many members Ro 12:4. κρέμασθαι ἔν τινι depend on someth. Mt 22:40.

ⓒ esp. in Paul. or Joh. usage, to designate a close personal relation in which the referent of the ἐν-term is viewed as the controlling influence: under the control of, under the influence of, in close association with (cp. ἐν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰμί 2 Km 19:44): of Christ εἶναι, μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί (ἐν τῷ θεῷ) J 10:38; 14:10f (difft. CGordon, ‘In’ of Predication or Equivalence: JBL 100, ’81, 612f); and of Christians 1J 3:24; 4:13, 15f; be or abide in Christ J 14:20; 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρί 1J 2:24. ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα done in communion with God J 3:21 (but s. 1e above).—In Paul the relation of the individual to Christ is very oft. expressed by such phrases as ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν κυρίῳ etc., also vice versa (FNeugebauer, NTS 4, ’57/58, 124–38; AWedderburn, JSNT 25, ’85, 83–97) ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός Gal 2:20, but here in the sense of a above.—See, e.g., Dssm., D. ntl. Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’ 1892; EWeber, D. Formel ‘in Chr. Jesu’ u. d. paul. Christusmystik: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff; LBrun, Zur Formel ‘in Chr. Jesus’ im Phil: Symbolae Arctoae 1, 1922, 19–37; MHansen, Omkring Paulus-Formeln ‘i Kristus’: TK 4/10, 1929, 135–59; HBöhlig, ʼΕν κυρίῳ: GHeinrici Festschr. 1914, 170–75; OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft d. Pls² ’56; AWikenhauser, D. Christusmystik d. Pls² ’56; KMittring, Heilswirklichkeit b. Pls; Beitrag z. Verständnis der unio cum Christo in d. Plsbriefen 1929; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik d. Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr., WMontgomery, The Myst. of Paul the Ap., ’31); WSchmauch, In Christus ’35; BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 210f; FBüchsel, ‘In Chr.’ b. Pls: ZNW 42, ’49, 141–58. Also HKorn, D. Nachwirkungen d. Christusmystik d. Pls in den Apost. Vätern, diss. Berlin 1928; EAndrews, Interpretation 6, ’52, 162–77; H-LParisius, ZNW 49, ’58, 285–88 (10 ‘forensic’ passages); JAllan, NTS 5, ’58/59, 54–62 (Eph), ibid. 10, ’63, 115–21 (pastorals); FNeugebauer, In Christus, etc. ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body ( 1 Cor 15) ’62, 110–13.—Paul has the most varied expressions for this new life-principle: life in Christ Ro 6:11, 23; love in Christ 8:39; grace, which is given in Christ 1 Cor 1:4; freedom in Chr. Gal 2:4; blessing in Chr. 3:14; unity in Chr. vs. 28. στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ stand firm in the Lord Phil 4:1; εὑρεθῆναι ἐν Χ. be found in Christ 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χ. 1 Cor 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χ. Ro 8:1.—1 Pt 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χ., ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 15:18.—Rv 14:13; ζῳοποιεῖσθαι 1 Cor 15:22.—The formula is esp. common w. verbs that denote a conviction, hope, etc. πεποιθέναι Gal 5:10; Phil 1:14; 2 Th 3:4. παρρησίαν ἔχειν Phlm 8. πέπεισμαι Ro 14:14. ἐλπίζειν Phil 2:19. καύχησιν ἔχειν Ro 15:17; 1 Cor 15:31. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Phil 4:2. ὑπακούειν Eph 6:1. λαλεῖν 2 Cor 2:17; 12:19. ἀλήθειαν λέγειν Ro 9:1. λέγειν καὶ μαρτύρεσθαι Eph 4:17. But also apart fr. such verbs, in numerous pass. it is used w. verbs and nouns of the most varied sort, often without special emphasis, to indicate the scope within which someth. takes place or has taken place, or to designate someth. as being in close assoc. w. Christ, and can be rendered, variously, in connection with, in intimate association with, keeping in mind ἁγιάζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:2, or ἅγιος ἐν Χ. Phil 1:1; ἀσπάζεσθαί τινα 1 Cor 16:19. δικαιοῦσθαι Gal 2:17. κοπιᾶν Ro 16:12. παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 4:1. προσδέχεσθαί τινα Ro 16:2; Phil 2:29. χαίρειν 3:1; 4:4, 10. γαμηθῆναι ἐν κυρίῳ marry in the Lord=marry a Christian 1 Cor 7:39. προϊστάμενοι ὑμῶν ἐν κυρίῳ your Christian leaders (in the church) 1 Th 5:12 (but s. προί̈στημι 1 and 2).—εὐάρεστος Col 3:20. νήπιος 1 Cor 3:1. φρόνιμος 4:10. παιδαγωγοί vs. 15. ὁδοί vs. 17. Hence used in periphrasis for ‘Christian’ οἱ ὄντες ἐν κυρίῳ Ro 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χ. 2 Cor 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χ. Gal 1:22; 1 Th 2:14; νεκροὶ ἐν Χ. 4:16; ἐκλεκτός Ro 16:13. δόκιμος vs. 10. δέσμιος Eph 4:1. πιστὸς διάκονος 6:21; ἐν Χ. γεννᾶν τινα become someone’s parent in the Christian life 1 Cor 4:15. τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κυρίῳ 9:1.—The use of ἐν πνεύματι as a formulaic expression is sim.: ἐν πν. εἶναι be under the impulsion of the spirit, i.e. the new self, as opposed to ἐν σαρκί under the domination of the old self Ro 8:9; cp. ἐν νόμῳ 2:12. λαλεῖν speak under divine inspiration 1 Cor 12:3. ἐγενόμην ἐν πνεύματι I was in a state of inspiration Rv 1:10; 4:2; opp. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος came to himself Ac 12:11 (cp. X., An. 1, 5, 17 et al.).—The expr. ἐν πν. εἶναι is also used to express the idea that someone is under the special infl. of a good or even an undesirable spirit: Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; Lk 2:27; 1 Cor 12:3; Rv 17:3; 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πν. ἀκαθάρτῳ (ὤν) Mk 1:23 (s. GBjörck, ConNeot 7, ’42, 1–3).—ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι be in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ those who are subject to the law Ro 3:19. ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἀποθνῄσκειν die because of a connection w. Adam 1 Cor 15:22.—On the formula ἐν ὀνόματι (Χριστοῦ) s. ὄνομα 1, esp. dγג. The OT is the source of the expr. ὀμνύναι ἔν τινι swear by someone or someth. (oft. LXX) Mt 5:34ff; 23:16, 18ff; Rv 10:6; παραγγέλλομέν σοι ἐν Ἰησοῦ Ac 19:14 v.l. The usage in ὁμολογεῖν ἔν τινι acknowledge someone Mt 10:32; Lk 12:8 (s. ὁμολογέω 4b) is Aramaic.

⑤ marker introducing means or instrument, with, a construction that begins w. Homer (many examples of instrumental ἐν in Radermacher’s edition of Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. p. 100; Reader, Polemo p. 258) but whose wide currency in our lit. is partly caused by the infl. of the LXX, and its similarity to the Hebr. constr. w. בְּ (B-D-F §219; Mlt. 104; Mlt-H. 463f; s. esp. M-M p. 210).

ⓐ it can serve to introduce persons or things that accompany someone to secure an objective: ‘along with’

α. pers., esp. of a military force, w. blending of associative (s. 4) and instrumental idea (1 Macc 1:17; 7:14, 28 al.): ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπαντῆσαι meet, w. 10,000 men Lk 14:31 (cp. 1 Macc 4:6, 29 συνήντησεν αὐτοῖς Ἰούδας ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀνδρῶν). ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ Jd 14 (cp. Jdth 16:3 ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ).

β. impers. (oft. LXX; PTebt 41, 5 [c. 119 B.C.]; 16, 14 [114 B.C.]; 45, 17 al., where people rush into the village or the house ἐν μαχαίρῃ, ἐν ὅπλοις). (Just., D. 86, 6 τῆς ἀξίνης, ἐν ἧ πεπορευμένοι ἦσαν … κόψαι ξύλα) ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔρχεσθαι come with a stick (as a means of discipline) 1 Cor 4:21 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Mort. 23, 3 Ἑρμῆν καθικόμενον ἐν τῇ ῥάβδῳ; Gen 32:11; 1 Km 17:43; 1 Ch 11:23; Dssm., B 115f [BS 120]). ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας with the full blessing Ro 15:29. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ Mt 16:28. ἐν αἵματι Hb 9:25 (cp. Mi 6:6). ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει τοῦ Ἠλίου equipped w. the spirit and power of Elijah Lk 1:17. φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ come with the preaching of the gospel 2 Cor 10:14. μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ not burdened w. old leaven 1 Cor 5:8.

ⓑ it can serve to express means or instrumentality in terms of location for a specific action (cp. TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 5f [Stone p. 30] κρατῶν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζυγόν; Tat. 9, 2 οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεσσοῖς ἀθύροντες ‘those who play w. gaming pieces’ [as, e.g., in backgammon]): κατακαίειν ἐν πυρί Rv 17:16 (cp. Bar 1:2; 1 Esdr 1:52; 1 Macc 5:5 al.; as early as Il. 24, 38; cp. POxy 2747, 74; Aelian, HA 14, 15. Further, the ἐν Rv 17:16 is not textually certain). ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν, ἀρτύειν Mt 5:13; Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34 (s. M-M p. 210; WHutton, ET 58, ’46/47, 166–68). ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκαίνειν Rv 7:14. ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν Hb 9:22. ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποκτείνειν kill with the sword Rv 6:8 (1 Esdr 1:50; 1 Macc 2:9; cp. 3:3; Jdth 16:4; ἀπολεῖ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ En 99:16; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἐν ῥ. πεσῇ … πεσοῦνται ἐν μαχαίρῃ; cp. Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 12 ἐν ἀκοντίῳ φονεύειν). ἐν μαχαίρῃ πατάσσειν Lk 22:49 (διχοτομήσατε … ἐν μ. GrBar 16:3); ἐν μ. ἀπόλλυσθαι perish by the sword Mt 26:52. ποιμαίνειν ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (s. ποιμαίνω 2aγ and cp. PGM 36, 109). καταπατεῖν τι ἐν τοῖς ποσίν tread someth. w. the feet Mt 7:6 (cp. Sir 38:29). δύο λαοὺς βλέπω ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου I see two peoples with my eyes GJs 17:2 (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὀρᾶν=see with the eyes: cp. Il. 1, 587; Od. 8, 459; Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 20 Diehl²). ποιεῖν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι do a mighty deed w. one’s arm Lk 1:51 (cp. Sir 38:30); cp. 11:20. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι be justified by the blood Ro 5:9. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2; ἐν τ. παρακλήσει 2 Cor 7:7. εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογίᾳ Eph 1:3. λαλοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς ἐν ψάλμοις 5:19. ἀσπάσασθαι … ἐν εὐχῇ greet w. prayer GJs 24:1. Of intellectual process γινώσκειν ἔν τινι know or recognize by someth. (cp. Thuc. 7, 11, 1 ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε; Sir 4:24; 11:28; 26:29) J 13:35; 1J 3:19; cp. ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου in the breaking of bread Lk 24:35 (s. 10c).—The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).—ἐν ᾧ whereby Ro 14:21.—The idiom ἀλλάσσειν, μεταλλάσσειν τι ἔν τινι exchange someth. for someth. else Ro 1:23, 25 (cp. Ps 105:20) is not un-Greek (Soph., Ant. 945 Danaë had to οὐράνιον φῶς ἀλλάξαι ἐν χαλκοδέτοις αὐλαῖς=change the heavenly light for brass-bound chambers).

⑥ marker of agency: with the help of (Diod S 19, 46, 4 ἐν τοῖς μετέχουσι τοῦ συνεδρίου=with the help of the members of the council; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 9 p. 259, 31 ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἑαλωκότες) ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Mt 9:34. ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις λαλεῖν 1 Cor 14:21. κρίνειν τ. οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί Ac 17:31 (cp. SIG² 850, 8 [173/172 B.C.] κριθέντω ἐν ἄνδροις τρίοις; Synes., Ep. 91 p. 231b ἐν ἀνδρί); perh. 1 Cor 6:2 (s. 1e); ἀπολύτρωσις ἐν Χρ. redemption through Christ Ro 3:24 (cp. ἐν αὐτῷ σωθήσεσθε Just., A I, 60, 3).

⑦ marker of circumstance or condition under which someth. takes place: ἐν ᾧ κρίνεις Ro 2:1 (but s. B-D-F §219, 2); ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει 14:22; ἐν ᾧ καυχῶνται 2 Cor 11:12; ἐν ᾧ τις τολμᾷ 11:21; ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν whereas they slander 1 Pt 2:12, cp. 3:16 (on these Petrine pass. s. also ὅς 1k); ἐν ᾧ ξενίζονται in view of your changed attitude they consider it odd 4:4. ἐν ᾧ in 3:19 may similarly refer to a changed circumstance, i.e. from death to life (WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, ’65, esp. 135–42: ‘in this sphere, under this influence’ [of the spirit]). Other possibilities: as far as this is concerned: πνεῦμα• ἐν ᾧ spirit; as which (FZimmermann, APF 11, ’35, 174 ‘meanwhile’ [indessen]; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, ’46, 108–15: ‘on that occasion’=when he died).—Before a substantive inf. (oft. LXX; s. KHuber, Unters. über den Sprachchar. des griech. Lev., diss. Zürich 1916, 83): in that w. pres. inf. (POxy 743, 35 [2 B.C.] ἐν τῷ δέ με περισπᾶσθαι οὐκ ἠδυνάσθην συντυχεῖν Ἀπολλωνίῳ; Just., D. 10, 3 ἐν τῷ μήτε σάββατα τηρεῖν μήτε …) βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν as they were having rough going in the waves=having a difficult time making headway Mk 6:48. ἐθαύμαζον ἐν τῷ χρονίζειν … αὐτόν they marveled over his delay Lk 1:21. ἐν τῷ τὴν χεῖρα ἐκτείνειν σε in that you extend your hand Ac 4:30; cp. 3:26; Hb 8:13. W. aor. inf. ἐν τῷ ὑποτάξαι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα Hb 2:8. Somet. the circumstantial and temporal (s. 7 and 10) uses are so intermingled that it is difficult to decide between them; so in some of the pass. cited above, and also Hv 1, 1, 8 et al. (B-D-F §404, 3; Rob. 1073).—WHutton, Considerations for the Translation of ἐν, Bible Translator 9, ’58, 163–70; response by NTurner, ibid. 10, ’59, 113–20.—On ἐν w. article and inf. s. ISoisalon-Soininen, Die Infinitive in der LXX, ’65, 80ff.

⑧ marker denoting the object to which someth. happens or in which someth. shows itself, or by which someth. is recognized, to, by, in connection with: ζητεῖν τι ἔν τινι require someth. in the case of someone 1 Cor 4:2; cp. ἐν ἡμῖν μάθητε so that you might learn in connection w. us vs. 6. Cp. Phil 1:30. ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί that this may be done in my case 1 Cor 9:15 (Just., D. 77, 3 τοῦτο γενόμενον ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Χριστῷ). ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν perh. they glorified God in my case Gal 1:24, though because of me and for me are also possible. μήτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ἀνεκεφαλαιώθη ἡ ἱστορία GJs 13:1 (s. ἀνακεφαλαιόω 1). ποιεῖν τι ἔν τινι do someth. to (with) someone (Epict., Ench. 33, 12; Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 18 μὴ ἑτεροῖόν τι ποιήσῃς ἐν ἐμοί; Gen 40:14; Jdth 7:24; 1 Macc 7:23) Mt 17:12; Lk 23:31. ἐργάζεσθαί τι ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι have someth. in someone J 3:15 (but ἐν αὐτῷ is oft. constr. w. πιστεύων, cp. v.l.); cp. 14:30 (s. BNoack, Satanas u. Soteria ’48, 92). ἵνα δικαιοσύνης ναὸν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι ἀναδείξῃ AcPlCor 2:17 (s. ἀναδείκνυμι 1).—For the ordinary dat. (Diod S 3, 51, 4 ἐν ἀψύχῳ ἀδύνατον=it is impossible for a lifeless thing; Ael. Aristid. 49, 15 K.=25 p. 492 D.: ἐν Νηρίτῳ θαυμαστὰ ἐνεδείξατο=[God] showed wonderful things to N.; 53 p. 629 D.: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς βελτίστοις εἰσὶ παῖδες, ἐν δὲ πονηροτάτοις οὐκέτι=it is not the case that the very good have children, and the very bad have none [datives of possession]; 54 p. 653 D.: ἐν τ. φαύλοις θετέον=to the bad; EpJer 66 ἐν ἔθνεσιν; Aesop, Fab. 19, 8 and 348a, 5 v.l. Ch.) ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί Gal 1:16. φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς Ro 1:19 (Aesop 15c, 11 Ch. τ. φανερὸν ἐν πᾶσιν=evident to all). ἐν ἐμοὶ βάρβαρος (corresp. to τῷ λαλοῦντι βάρβ.) 1 Cor 14:11 (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 21 μάταιός ἐστιν ἐν ἐμοί). δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις Ac 4:12. θεῷ … ἐν ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:14.—Esp. w. verbs of striking against: προσκόπτω, πταίω, σκανδαλίζομαι; s. these entries.

⑨ marker of cause or reason, because of, on account of (PParis 28, 13=UPZ 48, 12f [162/161 B.C.] διαλυόμενοι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ; Ps 30:11; 1 Macc 16:3 ἐν τῷ ἐλέει; 2 Macc 7:29; Sir 33:17)

ⓐ gener. ἁγιάζεσθαι ἔν τινι Hb 10:10; 1 Cor 7:14. ἐν τ. ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν Ro 1:24; perh. ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 9:7; Hb 11:18 (both Gen 21:12). ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν because of their many words Mt 6:7. ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν this is the reason why we believe J 16:30; cp. Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4 (Just., D. 68, 7 οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δυσωπήσω ὑμᾶς μὴ πείθεσθαι τοῖς διδασκάλοις ὑμῶν=‘surely you will be convinced by this [argument] to lose confidence in your teachers, won’t you?’); perh. 2 Cor 5:2. Sim., of the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ at this statement Ac 7:29; cp. 8:6. W. attraction ἐν ᾧ = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that = because Ro 8:3; Hb 2:18; 6:17.

ⓑ w. verbs that express feeling or emotion, to denote that toward which the feeling is directed; so: εὐδοκεῖν (εὐδοκία), εὐφραίνεσθαι, καυχᾶσθαι, χαίρειν et al.

⑩ marker of a period of time, in, while, when

ⓐ indicating an occurrence or action within which, at a certain point, someth. occurs Mt 2:1. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 3:1. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς afterward Lk 7:11. ἐν τῷ μεταξύ meanwhile (PTebt 72, 190; PFlor 36, 5) J 4:31. in the course of, within ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (X., Ages. 1, 34; Diod S 13, 14, 2; 20, 83, 4; Arrian, Anab. 4, 6, 4 ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις; Aelian, VH 1, 6; IPriene 9, 29; GDI 1222, 4 [Arcadia] ἰν ἁμέραις τρισί; EpArist 24; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:3 Jac.) Mt 27:40; J 2:19f.

ⓑ point of time when someth. occurs ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως Mt 11:22 (En 10:6; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ J 6:44; 11:24; 12:48; cp. 7:37. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ Mt 8:13; 10:19; cp. 7:22; J 4:53. ἐν σαββάτῳ 12:2; J 7:23. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ J 11:9 (opp. ἐν τῇ νυκτί vs. 10). ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ on the second visit Ac 7:13. ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ in the new age Mt 19:28. ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; Phil 2:12 (here, in contrast to the other pass., there is no reference to the second coming of Christ.—Just., D. 31, 1 ἐν τῇ ἐνδόξῳ γινομένῃ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ; 35, 8; 54, 1 al.); 1J 2:28. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει in the resurrection Mt 22:28; Mk 12:23; Lk 14:14; 20:33; J 11:24 (Just., D. 45, 2 ἐν τῇ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσει). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the last trumpet-call 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει at the appearance of Jesus/Christ (in the last days) 2 Th 1:7; 1 Pt 1:7, 13; 4:13.

ⓒ to introduce an activity whose time is given when, while, during (Diod S 23, 12, 1 ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις=in the case of this kind of behavior) ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ when (you) pray Mt 21:22. ἐν τῇ στάσει during the revolt Mk 15:7. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ in the course of his teaching Mk 4:2; 12:38. If Lk 24:35 belongs here, the sense would be on the occasion of, when (but s. 5b). ἐν αὐτῷ in it (the preaching of the gospel) Eph 6:20. γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ (τῇ προσευχῇ) while you are watchful in it Col 4:2. Esp. w. the pres. inf. used substantively: ἐν τῷ σπείρειν while (he) sowed Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; cp. 6:48 (s. 7 above and βασανίζω); ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους while people were asleep Mt 13:25; ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτόν during the accusations against him 27:12. W. the aor. inf. the meaning is likewise when. Owing to the fundamental significance of the aor. the action is the focal point (s. Rob. 1073, opp. B-D-F §404) ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνήν Lk 9:36. ἐν τῷ ἐπανελθεῖν αὐτόν 19:15. ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτούς 9:34.—W. ἐν ᾦ while, as long as (Soph., Trach. 929; Cleanthes [IV/III B.C.] Stoic. I p. 135, 1 [Diog. L. 7, 171]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 11 Jac.; Plut., Mor. 356c; Arrian, Anab. 6, 12, 1; Pamprepios of Panopolis [V A.D.] 1, 22 [ed. HGerstinger, SBWienAk 208/3, 1928]) Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 24:44 D; J 5:7.

⑪ marker denoting kind and manner, esp. functioning as an auxiliary in periphrasis for adverbs (Kühner-G. I 466): ἐν δυνάμει w. power, powerfully Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ justly Ac 17:31; Rv 19:11 (cp. Just., A II, 4, 3 and D. 16, 3; 19, 2 ἐν δίκῃ). ἐν χαρᾷ joyfully Ro 15:32. ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ earnestly Ac 26:7. ἐν σπουδῇ zealously Ro 12:8. ἐν χάριτι graciously Gal 1:6; 2 Th 2:16. ἐν (πάσῃ) παρρησίᾳ freely, openly J 7:4; 16:29; Phil 1:20. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ Ac 5:23. ἐν τάχει (PHib 47, 35 [256 B.C.] ἀπόστειλον ἐν τάχει) Lk 18:8; Ro 16:20; Rv 1:1; 22:6. ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7 (belongs prob. not to σοφία, but to λαλοῦμεν: in the form of a secret; cp. Polyb. 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; Just., D. 63, 2 Μωυσῆς … ἐν παραβολῇ λέγων; 68, 6 εἰρήμενον … ἐν μυστηρίῳ; Diod S 17, 8, 5 ἐν δωρεαῖς λαβόντες=as gifts; 2 Macc 4:30 ἐν δωρεᾷ=as a gift; Sir 26:3; Polyb. 28, 17, 9 λαμβάνειν τι ἐν φερνῇ). Of the norm: ἐν μέτρῳ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου μέρους acc. to the measure of each individual part Eph 4:16. On 1 Cor 1:21 s. AWedderburn, ZNW 64, ’73, 132–34.

⑫ marker of specification or substance: w. adj. πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει Eph 2:4; cp. Tit 2:3; Js 1:8.—of substance consisting in (BGU 72, 11 [191 A.D.] ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε) τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν Eph 2:15. ἐν μηδενὶ λειπόμενοι Js 1:4 (contrast Just., A I, 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι). Hb 13:21a.— amounting to (BGU 970, 14=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 242, 14f [177 A.D.] προσηνενκάμην αὐτῷ προοῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις) πᾶσαν τὴν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε Ac 7:14.—Very rarely for the genitive (Philo Mech. 75, 29 τὸ ἐν τῷ κυλίνδρῳ κοίλασμα; EpArist 31 ἡ ἐν αὐτοῖς θεωρία = ἡ αὐτῶν θ.; cp. 29; Tat. 18, 1 πᾶν τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ εἶδος) ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι the free gift in beneficence or grace Ro 5:15.—DELG. LfgrE s.v. ἐν col. 569 (lit. esp. early Greek). M-M. TW.