ἔσφαγμαι

     σφάζω

    атт. σφάττω (fut. σφάξω, aor. ἔσφαξα; pass.: fut. σφᾰγήσομαι, aor. ἐσφάγην - реже ἐσφάχθην, pf. ἔσφαγμαι)

    1) закалывать, зарезывать

    

(μῆλα καὴ βοῦς Hom.)

    2) перерезывать

    

(δέρην τινός Eur.)

    3) закалывать в жертву Hom.

    

πρὸς βωμῷ σφαγείς Aesch. — заколотый у алтаря

    4) убивать, умерщвлять Her., Aesch., Plat.

    

σ. ἑαυτόν Thuc. — кончать жизнь самоубийством

    5) растерзывать

    

(τινὰ ὥσπερ οἱ λύκοι τὰ πρόβατα Arst.)

σφάζω, Od.4.320, Hdt.2.39, E.Tr. 134 (lyr.); in Com. (Cratin. 361) and Prose, from Pl. (Grg. 468c) downwards, [full] σφάττω, cf. Σφαττόμενος title of play by Diph., IG22.2363.34, and ς[φά] ττετ[αι] SIG 1024.36 (Myconus, iii/ii B.C.); [dialect] Boeot. [full] σφάδδω An.Ox.4.325: [tense] fut.

A

σφάξω E.Heracl. 493

: [tense] aor.

ἔσφαξα Il.2.422

: [tense] pf. ἔσφᾰκα, known from [tense] plpf.

ἐσφάκειν D.C.73.6

, ([etym.] ἀπο-) 78.7:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

σφᾰγήσομαι E.Andr. 315

, Heracl. 583, ([etym.] ἀπο-) X.HG3.1.27: [tense] aor. ἐσφάγην [ᾰ] Trag. (A.Eu. 305, etc.) and late Prose, Plu.Publ.4, etc.; less freq. ἐσφάχθην, Pi.P. 11.23, Hdt.5.5, E.IT 177 (lyr., nowhere else in Trag.): [tense] pf.

ἔσφαγμαι Od.10.532

, D.23.68:—slay, slaughter, properly by cutting the throat (v.

σφαγή 11

), in Hom. always of cattle,

μῆλ' ἁδινὰ σφάζουσι καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς Od.1.92

, cf. 9.46, 23.305, Il.9.467.

II esp. slaughter victims for sacrifice, 1.459, etc.; ἔσφαζ' ἐπ' ὤμων μόσχον cut its throat, as it hung from the servant's shoulders, E.El. 813;

σ. παρθένου δέρην Id.Or. 1199

:—[voice] Pass., Od.10.532;

ἀρνίον ἐσφαγμένον Apoc. 5.6

.

2 generally, slay, kill, of human victims, as Iphigeneia, Menoeceus, Pi.P.11.23, E.Ph. 913, cf. A.Ag. 1433, Ch. 904; σ. τινὰ ἐς τὸν κρητῆρα so that the blood ran into the bowl, Hdt.3.11:— [voice] Pass.,

σφάζεται ἐς τὸν τάφον Id.5.5

;

πρὸς βωμῷ σφαγείς A.Eu. 305

.

3 of any slaughter by knife or sword, Hdt.5.25, 7.107;

σ. ἑαυτόν Th.2.92

;

σ. καὶ ἐκδέρειν Pl.Euthd. 301c

;

τὸν ἴδιον ἀδελφόν PMag.Osl.1.5

, cf. 1 Ep.Jo.3.12.

4 of animals, tear by the throat,

σ. ὥσπερ οἱ λύκοι τὰ πρόβατα Arist.HA 612b2

.

5 of any killing, BGU 388 ii 21 (ii A.D.), OGI 697 ([place name] Egypt), Sammelb.7436.7 (vi A.D.), Gloss.

6 metaph., torment, τινα POxy.259.33 (i A.D.).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to slaughter (by cutting the throat), to kill, to sacrifice' (Il.).

Other forms: - άττω (young-Att., anal. [Schwyzer 715]), - άδδω (Boeot.), aor. σφάξαι (Il.), pass. σφαγῆναι (IA. etc.), - χθῆναι (Pi., Hdt., E. in lyr. a.o.), fut. σφάξω (E. a.o.), pass. - γήσομαι (Att.), perf. midd. ἔσφαγμαι (Od.), act. ἔσφακα (late).

Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, κατα-.

Derivatives: 1. σφαγ-ή ( δια-, κατα-) f. `slaughter, killing; throat' (trag., Att. prose etc.) with - ῖτις ( φλέψ) `belonging to the throat (to the slaughter?)' (medic., Arist.; Redard 102), - εύς m. `slaughterer, sacrificial knife' (S., E., decrees ap. And., D. a.o.; Bosshardt 41). 2. - ιος `belonging to the slaughter, killing' (Hp., S. in lyr. a.o.); - ιον ( προ-), -mostly pl. - ια n. `victim, oblation, esp. before a battle' (IA.; Eitrem Symb. Oslo. 18,9ff.) with - ιάζομαι, - ιάζω `to slaughter, to sacrifice' (IA.), - ιασμός m. (E. in lyr., Plu. a.o.). 3. - ίς f. `slaughter-knife, sacrificial knife' (E. a.o.; also referring to σφαγή, Chantraine Form. 338) with - ίδιον (Suid.); but ἐπι-σφαγ-ίς `nape of the neck, where the axe strikes' and παρα-σφαγ-ίς `part next to the throat' (Poll.) Hypostases of σφαγή. 4. - εῖον n. `slaughtering-bowl, sacrificial bowl' (A., E., Ar., inscr.; from σφαγ-ή or - εύς?, cf. ἱερεῖον; on - ιον, - εῖον Schwyzer 470). 5. - ιστήριον = - εῖον (sch.). 6. σφάγμα n. `the killing' (sch.), futher only to the prefixed verbs, e.g. πρόσφαγ-μα (A., E. a.o.). 7. σφάκ-της m. `murderer' (late), in compp., e.g. καλαμο- σφάζω `one who kills with a pin' (Ph.), with - τικη μάχαιρα (Zonar.) 8. - τήρ m. `id.', only δια- σφάζω, χιμαρο- σφάζω (AP), - τρια f. `sacrificial priestess' (Ael.). 9. - τρον n. `sacrificial tax' (Palmyra II^p, Poll.). 10. - σφάξ, e.g. δια-σφάξ, - άγος f. `rip, split, chasm' (Hdt. a.o.). 11. - σφαγ-ία f., e.g. βοο- σφάζω `the killing of oxen' ( APl.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: The above regular system can be without difficulty be understood as a Greek creation from a primary verb σφάζω, σφάξαι or a noun σφαγ-. -- No agreement outside Greek. Untenable hypotheses are mentioned by Bq and WP. 2, 653 (after Prellwitz and Persson), also in Hofmann Et. Wb. (to Arm. spananem `kill'). Cf. φάσγανον. -- Furnée 300 connects φάσγανον as φασγ-\/ σφαγ-; hard to consider as certain.

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