ύτατος

θρᾰσύς, εῖα, ύ, fem. θρασέα, metri gr., Philem.20 (s.v.l.):—

A bold, chiefly of persons, Il.8.89, etc.; also

θ. πόλεμος 6.254

, 10.28, Od.4.146;

θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν 5.434

, Il.17.662, al.;

θ. καρδία Pi.P.10.44

;

πούς Ar.Ra. 330

(lyr.);

ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ ἔργῳ θρασύς Hdt.7.49

; ἡ ἐλπὶς θρασεῖα τοῦ μέλλοντος full of confidence, Th.7.77;

θρασὺς τὸ ἦθος Arist.Pol. 1315a11

.

2 more freq. in bad sense, over-bold, rash,

σὺν δ' ὁ θ. εἵπετ' Ὀδυσσεύς Od.10.436

(Sch. προπετής)

; Γοργόνες Pi.P.12.7

; audacious, arrogant, insolent, A.Pr. 180 (lyr.), Ar.Nu. 445 (anap.), etc.; Ἄρης.. πρὸς ἀλλήλους θ., of civil war, A.Eu. 863; γλώσσῃ θ. S.Aj. 1142;

ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Id.Ph. 1307

;

ἐπὶ τῶν λόγων D.Prooem.32

; ἀνομίᾳ θ. E.IT 275; πονηρὸς εἶ καὶ θ. Ar.Eq. 181;

θρασεῖς καὶ ἄδικοι καὶ ὑβρισταί Pl.Lg. 630b

;

ἀλαζὼν ὁ θ. καὶ προσποιητικὸς ἀνδρείας Arist.EN 1115b29

; [ὅμοιόν τι ἔχει] ὁ θ. τῷ θαρραλέῳ ib. 1151b7; τὸ μὴ θ. modesty, A.Supp. 197: [comp] Comp.

- ύτερος Pl.La. 184b

, Phld.Lib.p.61 O.: [comp] Sup.

- ύτατος Isoc.12.133

, etc.

II of things, to be ventured, c. inf., θρασύ μοι τόδ' εἰπεῖν this I am bold to say, Pi.N.7.50; οὐκ ἆρ' ἐκείνῳ γ' οὐδὲ προσμεῖξαι θρασύ; S.Ph. 106.

III Adv.

- έως Ar.V. 1031

, etc.: [dialect] Aeol. [full] θροσέως Jo.Gramm. Comp.2.1: [comp] Comp. θρασύτερον too boldly, Th.8.103;

- τέρως Phalar.Ep.34

: [comp] Sup.

θρασύτατα Th.8.84

and (with v.l. -άτως) D.S.17.44: neut. as Adv.,

ἀναιδὲς καὶ θρασὺ βλέπειν Cratin.24

D. (I.-E. dhers- in θέρσος (older than θάρσος and θράσος), dhṛs- in θρασύς, Skt. dhṛ[snull ]ṇú- 'bold', cf. Engl. dare, durst.)

θῆλυς, θήλεια, θῆλυ: [dialect] Ep. fem. θήλεα, acc. pl.

A

- εας Il.5.269

(Hom. has regul. fem.

θήλεια Il.8.7

,al., but also θῆλυς as fem., 10.216,al., as in other poets, v. infr.): [dialect] Ion. fem. θήλεα, θήλεαν, θηλέης, θηλέῃ, pl. θήλεαι, θηλέας, θηλέων, Hdt. and Hp.: gen.

θήλυδος S.Fr. 1054

; acc. fem. θηλείην dub. l. in Nic.Al.42, neut. pl.

θήλεια Arat.1068

: [dialect] Ep. also θηλύτερος indicating opposition rather than comparison (cf. ἀρρέντερος)

; θηλύτεραι δὲ γυναῖκες Il.8.520

;

θηλύτεραι δὲ θεαί Od.8.324

;

μάτε ἐρσεναιτέραν μάτε θηλυτέραν Schwyzer 424

(Elis, iv B.C.); in late Prose θηλύτερος, -ύτατος occur as [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. (v. infr. 11): ( θη- 'suckle', cf. θῆσαι):— female, θήλεια θεός a goddess, Il.8.7; Ἥρη θῆλυς ἐοῦσα being female, 19.97, cf. A.Ag. 1231, S.Tr. 1062, E.IT 621; θήλειαι ἵπποι mares, Od.4.636, etc.; σύες θήλειαι sows, 14.16; ὄϊς θῆλυς a ewe, Il.10.216;

θήλεια μῆλα Arat. 1068

; θήλεια ἔλαφος a hind, Pi.O. 3.29;

θήλεα κάμηλος Hdt.3.102

; ἡ θ. ἵππος ib.86;

θ. ὄρνις S.Fr. 477

; ζῷα θ. Pl.Criti. 110c; ἄπαις θήλεος γόνου without female issue, Hdt.3.66;

θῆλυς σπορά E.Hec. 659

;

θήλειαι γυναῖκες Id.Or. 1205

;

θ. κόραι Pl.Lg. 764d

: with masc. nouns, ὁ θῆλυς ὀρεύς the she-mule, Arist.HA 577b22;

ἄνθρωπος θῆλυς Id.PA 688b31

: masc. pl.,

θήλεις χοροί Critias 1.8D.

; but

μὴ εἶναι θεοὺς ἄρρενας μηδὲ θηλείας Phld.Piet.12

.

b ἡ θήλεα, [dialect] Att. - εια, the female, Hdt.3.109, X.Mem.2.1.4;

ἀλέκτωρ ὥστε θηλείας πέλας A.Ag. 1671

(troch.).

c τὸ θ. γένος the female sex, woman-kind, E.Hec. 885; τὸ θ. alone, Id.HF 536, etc.; opp. τὸ ἄρρεν, Pl.R. 454d, Arist.Metaph. 988a5; [

ἡ δεῖνα] τέτοκεν θῆλυ PTeb.422.18

(iii A.D.),al.

d of plants and trees, Thphr.HP3.9.1;

θ. κάλαμος Dsc.1.85

;

θῆλυς φοῖνιξ Ach.Tat.1.17

;

θῆλυ βούτομον Thphr.HP4.10.4

.

2 of or belonging to women,

κουράων θῆλυς ἀϋτή Od.6.122

; θήλεα νοῦσος among the Scythians (cf. Ἐνάρεες), Hdt.1.105;

νόμος A. Ch. 821

(lyr.);

φύσις Pl.R. 453a

;

χάρις APl.4

.<*>87 (Leont.); θ. φόνος murder by women, E.Ba. 796.

II metaph., of persons and things,

1 soft, gentle,

θῆλυς ἐέρση Od.5.467

, Hes.Sc. 395; θ. νύξ ( = ὕπομβρος) S.Fr. 1053.

b

ὕδωρ θ. καὶ μαλακόν Thphr.CP2.6.3

; θηλυτέρα ὀσμή ib.6.15.4; θηλύτατον πεδίον most fruitful, Call.Fr. 296; θηλύτατον ὕδωρ of the Nile, Id.Sos. vii 5.

2 tender, delicate,

Φοίβου θήλειαι.. παρειαί Id.Ap.37

; θῆλυς ἀπὸ χροιῆς delicate of skin, Theoc.16.49; of temper or character, soft, yielding, weak,

θῆλυς ηὕρημαι τάλας S.Tr. 1075

;

γυνὴ δὲ θῆλυ κἀπὶ δακρύοις ἔφυ E.Med. 928

;

θήλεια φρήν Ar.Lys. 708

, cf. E.Andr. 181;

δίαιτα θηλυτέρα ἢ κατ' ἄνδρα Plu.Mar.34

;

θηλύτατος Luc.Im.13

;

παλλακὴ -υτάτη Philostr.VS2.21.2

; τὸ θῆλυ τῆς ψυχῆς effeminacy, Men.599.

3 in mechanics, those parts were called female into which others fitted, as the female vertebra, Poll.2.180;

γίγγλυμος J.AJ3.6.3

.

4 Gramm., feminine, θήλεα [ὀνόματα] Ar.Nu. 682;

θήλεα Arist.Po. 1458a10

.

5 Pythag., of even numbers, Plu.2.264a, 288d.

6 Astrol., of planets, Ptol. Tetr.19; cf.

θηλυκός 3c

.

III θήλειαι, αἱ, kind of cheese made in Crete, Seleuc. ap. Ath.14.650d.

ἰθύς (A) [ῑ], ἰθεῖα, ἰθύ, [dialect] Ion. fem.

A

ἰθέα Hdt.2.17

, Eus.Mynd.63 (but ἰθείης, ῃ, αν are prob. in oblique cases)<*> [comp] Comp. ἰθύντερος Hdn.Gr.2.927: [comp] Sup. ἰθύντατος or - ύτατος (v. infr.):—[dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. form of [dialect] Att. εὐθύς:

1 straight, used by Hom. in this sense only in Adv. ἰθύς (infr. 11); ἰθείῃ τέχνῃ straightway, forthwith, Hdt.9.57;

ἰθέα ὁδός Id.2.17

; ἰθεῖαν (sc. ὁδόν) straight on, Id.7.193; ἐκ τῆς ἰθείης outright, openly, Id.2.161, al.;

ἰ. ἀτραπός Nic.Th. 265

, cf. AP10.3;

ἰθύντατον ἴχνος D.P.651

;

γραφίδες ἰθύταται AP6.63

(Damoch.); ἰθύτατον ὄρος steepest, App.Hisp.1.

2 in moral sense, straight-forward, just, εἰ δ' ἄγ' ἐγὼν αὐτὸς δικάσω,.. ἰθεῖα γὰρ ἔσται [ἡ δίκη] Il.23.580;

ἰθείῃσι δίκῃσιν h.Cer. 152

, Hes.Th.86, cf.Op.36; opp. σκολιαὶ δίκαι, ib. 224: in [comp] Sup. Adv., δίκην ἰθύντατα εἰπεῖν to give judgement the most fairly, Il. 18.508; later

οὔποτε δουλείη κεφαλὴ ἰθεῖα πέφυκεν Thgn.535

;

πρήξιες ἰθύτεραι Id.1026

;

Δίκα ἰθεῖα B.14.54

;

ἰθύς τε καὶ δίκαιος Hdt.1.96

; λόγος ἰ ib. 118.

II ἰθύς, or less freq. ἰθύ, as Adv., straight at, mostly c. gen. objecti,

βῆ ῥ' ἰθὺς Διομήδεος Il.5.849

, cf. 16.584; ἰθὺς κίεν οἴκου went straight towards the dwelling, 24.471, cf. Od.15.511;

ἰθὺ βέλος πέτετ' οὐδ' ἀπολήγει Il.20.99

;

ἔπλεε ἰθὺ τοῦ Ἴστρου Hdt.4.89

;

ἰθὺ τῆς ἀρχῆς τῆς Τομύριος 1.207

, cf. 6.95, al.;

ἰθὺ βαδίζειν Semus 20

;

ἰθὺς πρὸς τεῖχος ἔκιον Il.12.137

;

ἰθὺς ἐπὶ Θεσσαλίης Hdt.5.64

.

2 abs., ἰθὺς φρονέων resolving to go straight on, Il.12.124, cf. 13.135;

ἰθὺς μεμαώς 11.95

, etc.; of a bird's flight, SIG1167.7 (Ephesus, vi B.C.); ἰθὺς μαχέσασθαι to fight face to face, Il.17.168;

μένος χειρῶν ἰθὺς φέρον 5.506

; also τέτραπτο πρὸς ἰθύ οἱ (v.l. πρὸς ἰθύν, cf. sq.) he fronted him face to face, 14.403; κατ' ἰθὺ γούνασιν opposite, i.e. vertically below, the knees, Hp.Off.3; of Time, straightway, Hdt.3.58.

3 regul. Adv.

ἰθέως Id.2.121

.β, al.;

πλέειν ἰθέως ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον Id.8.108

.

------------------------------------

ἰθύς (B) [ῑθῡ], ἡ, used by Hom. only in acc. ἰθύν:

1 ἀν' ἰθύν,= against, πρὸς ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος ἀν' ἰθύν against the stream, Il.21.303; ἐπεὶ δὴ σφαίρῃ ἀν' ἰθὺν πειρήσαντο in throwing straight upwards, Od. 8.377; πρὸς ἰθύν v.l. in Il.14.403.

2 enterprise,

οἷσι μάλιστα πεποίθεα πᾶσαν ἐπ' ἰθύν Od.4.434

;

ἄριστοι πᾶσαν ἐπ' ἰθύν ἐστε μάχεσθαί τε φρονέειν τε Il.6.79

; γυναικῶν γνώομεν ἰθύν their mood, designs, Od.16.304; ἐμὴν ἰ. dub. in h.Ap. 539.

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `confidence, courage, audacity' (Il.)

Other forms: Att. θάρρος (partly a reshaping of hom. θάρσος etc. after Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), Aeol. θέρσος n.

Compounds: Compp., e. g. εὑ-θαρσής `of good courage' (A.), θερσι-επής `talking courageously' (B.; on the 1. member Schwyzer 448).

Derivatives: θαρσαλέος, - ρρ- `with confidence, courageous' (Il.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 253f.), Θερσίτης PN (Hom. etc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 196; cf Risch Gnomon 23, 160 and Bloch Mus. Helv. 12, 59), θαρσήεις `courageous' (Call., Nonn.; innovation, s. Schwyzer 527); denomin. verb θαρσέω, - ρρ-, aor. θαρσῆσαι `be courageous' (Il.; cf. Schwyzer 724, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349; hardly with Leumann l. c. from εὑθαρσέω with θαρρητικός (Arist.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [259] * dʰers- `bold'

Etymology: Beside θάρσος, θέρσος we have θρασύς `audacious, courageous, bold' (since Il.), often as 1. member, e. g. θρασυκάρδιος `with audacious heart' (Il.), Rhod. Θαρσύ-βιος, Ther. Θhαρ(ρ)ύ-μαqhος (cf. Bechtel KZ 51, 145; more forms in Schwyzer 284; on the short names are based Θρασύλος also Leumann Glotta 32, 216 and 223 n. 2); from it θρασύτης `boldness' (IA), Θρασώ surn. of Athena (Lyc.), denomin. verb θρασύνω, θαρσύνω, - ρρ- `encourage' (Il.) with θάρσυνος `with confidence' (Il.; best postverbal; cf. Schwyzer 491 and diff. interpretations); comp. θρασίων (Alcm.), θρασύτερος, - ύτατος (Att.); Seiler Steigerungsformen 55f. - Cf. also ἀτάσθαλος. With θρασύς agrees Skt. dhr̥sú- (gramm.); liter. is dhr̥ṣṇú- `bold' after dhr̥ṣ-ṇ-ó-ti `be audacious'. Full grade θέρσος, for which sec. θάρσος, θράσος through influence of θρασύς, has however in Skt. no agreement (one finds dhárṣa-; would be Gr. *θόρσος). On the other hand Greek replaced the primary verbs by the newly formed θαρσέω, θαρσύνω: Skt. dhr̥ṣ-ṇ-ó-ti, dhárṣati with the perf. da-dhárṣa = Germ., e. g. Goth. ga-dars `τολμῶ' (wold be Gr. *τέ-θορσ-α), Lith. (with infixed nasal) drį̃sti `dare' (\< IE *dhr̥-n-s-), with analog. present dręsù with the nouns drąsà `boldness', OLith. drįsùs (after drį̃sti. Very doubtful Toch. A tsraṣi, B tsir `strong' (Poucha Archiv Orientální 2, 326, ZDMG 93, 206); s. Pedersen Zur toch. Sprachgeschichte 19. - Further forms in Pok. 259, Mayrhofer Wb. 2, 112f., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. drąsùs, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. derzkij; also W.-Hofmann s. īnfestus.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `thick, fat, well-fed, dense, stout' (Il.; on the use in Hom. Treu Von Hom. zur Lyr. 47 ff.).

Compounds: Some compp., e.g. παχυ-μερής `consisting of thick parts, gross, massive' (Ti. Locr., Arist.); ὑπέρ-παχυς `too fat' (Hp.).

Derivatives: 1. Copar.forms: πάσσων, only acc. - ονα (Od.), πάχ-ιστος (Il., Call.), - ίων (Arat.), - ύτερος, - ύτατος (IA.); Seiler Steigerungsformen 40 f. 2. πάχετος (rather with the Hp.mss. - ετός) = παχύς (θ 187, ψ 191, Hp.); also as subst.n. (Nic., Opp.; also ψ 191 possible), for *πάχεθος after μέγεθος? (Benveniste Origines 199); cf. Schwyzer 512, Chantraine Form. 300, Seiler 75. 3. πάχητες πλούσιοι, παχεῖς H. (after πένητες); Πάχης, - ητος m. as PN (Th.; Schwyzer 499). 4. παχυλῶς `in large draughts' (Arist.). 5. πάχος n. `thickness, strength, force' (since ι 324). 6. παχύτης (- υτής? Wackernagel Phil. 95, 177) f. `thickness'. 7. παχύνω, sporad. w. ἐπι-, ἐκ-, συν-, ὑπερ-, `to fatten, to batten' (IA.) with πάχυν-σις f. `thickening', - τικός `fattening, making fat' (medic.), - υσμός m. (Hp.), - υσμα n. (Aët.). 8. Aor. παχῶσαι `to fatten' (medic., Herm. 33, 343).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [127] *bʰn̥ǵʰ- `dende, thick'

Etymology: With παχύς, if from *φαχύς (s. πῆχυς), agrees formally exact Skt. bahú- `much, richly, great, extensive'; from the full grade comp. báṃhīyān (for which with second. zero grade πάσσων) the IE base form appears as *bhn̥ǵh-; from there perh. also Hitt. panku- `together, united, general'. Semant. agrees perfectly Lat. pinguis `fatt', which differs in anlaut; perh. for * finguis through cross with the old word for `fatt' in πιμελή, πίων (s. vv.); diff. ( pinguis "early Italic") Haas, s. Leumann Glotta 42, 75. One compares further Latv. bìezs `dense, thick' and Germ., e.g. OWNo. bingr m. `heap, room (for corn etc.)'; uncertain Toch. B pkante (- atte) `size'. -- On parallel innovation rests the comparison Skt. bahu-lá- `dense, thick, extensive' = παχυ-λῶς (s. above). -- Details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 151, Pok. 127 f., W.-Hofmann s. pinguis, Mayrhofer s. bahúḥ, bahuláḥ.

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