κᾰϝ-

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `kindle', midd. pass. `burn' (Il.).

Other forms: Att. κάω, aor. καῦσαι, ep. (also Att. inscr. IG 1², 374, 96; 261) κῆαι, pass. καῆναι (ep. ion.), καυθῆναι, fut. καύσω, perf. κέκαυκα, κέκαυ(σ)μαι (IA.),

Dialectal forms: Myc. apu-kekaumeno; pukawo \/ purkawos\/

Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπο-,

Derivatives: -1. καῦμα `fire, heat, glow' (Il.) with καυματ-ώδης (Hp., Arist.), - ηρός (Str.), - ίας (Thphr.; of the sun) `burning, glowing', καυματίζω `burn, singe' (NT, Plu., Arr.). - 2. καῦσις ( ἔγκαυσις etc.) `burning' (IA.) with ( ἐγ-, κατα-)καύσιμος `inflamable' (Pl., X.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 49f.). - 3. καῦσος m. `causus, bilious remittent fever etc.' (Hp., Arist.), from καῦσαι or rather with σο-suffix (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244, Strömberg Wortstudien 87f., Schwyzer 516); from there καυσία `Macedonian hat against the sun', καύσων `id.', also `heat, hot wind etc.' (LXX, NT, medic.; cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207 n. 13), καυσώδης `burning, hot' (Hp., Thphr.), καυσόομαι, - όω `have causus, burn: heaten' (medic., NT, pap.) with καύσωμα `heating' (Gal.). - 4. καυ(σ)τήρ m. `burner, burning iron' (Pi., Hp.), f. fen. καυστειρῆς adjunct of μάχης (Il.), καμίνου (Nic.), from *καύστειρα (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 192; note the switching accent); καυτήριον `branding iron, brand' (LXX, D. S., Str.), dimin. καυτηρίδιον (Gal.), denomin. verb καυτηριάζω `brand' (Str., NT). - 5. καύστης m. `heater etc.' (pap.). - 6. καύστρᾱ f. `place where corpses were burnt' (Str., inscr.). - 7. καυστικός, rare καυτ- `burning, inflamable' (Arist.). - 8. καυθμός `scorching (of trees), firewood' (Thphr., pap.). - Of the compp., e. g. ἔγκαυ-μα, - σις, -( σ)τής, - στήριον, - στον (\> Lat. encaustum; the red purple with which the Roman emperors signed, from where Fr. encre); ὑπόκαυ-σις, - στης, - στήριον, -στρᾱ a. u. - Beside these formations there are older ones, of which the connection with καίω became less clear because of phonetic developments: κᾶλον `wood', κηλέος `burning, blazing', κηώδης, κηώεις `smelling', κηυα meaning uncertain; πυρκαιᾱ́, πυρκαίη, adj. - ιός s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595] * keh₂u- `burn'

Etymology: As καίω may stand for *κάϜ-ι̯ω (from where Att. κά̄ω; Schwyzer 265f.), all forms go back on καυ-, κᾰϜ- except ἔ-κη-α for *ἔ-κηϜ-α (often written with false - ει- in κείαντο etc.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 9; Att. κέαντος with metathesis). In *ἔ-κηϜ-α an old fullgrade root aorist is maintained (Schwyzer 745; prob. not from *ἔ-κηυ-σ-α); the full grade also in ep. κηλέος, κηώδης, and in Delph. κηυα, which shows a PGr. κηϜ- beside κᾰϜ-. - Only Baltic gives a possible connection in Lith. kū̃lės `Brandpilze, Flugbrand, Staubbrand des Getreides', kūlé̇ti `brandig werden', Latv. kũla `old, dry, grass of last year' (cf. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); IE. zero grade kū- (\< * kuH-) beside fullgr. * keh₂us- in ἔ-κηϜ-α, zero grade *kh₂u̯- in *κάϜ-ι̯ω, καῦ-μα. Of course rather unncertain.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `wood, logs (for burning), timber' (h. Merc. 112, Hes. Op. 427, Ion. trag., Call., Cyrene), also `wood for ships' = `ship' (Lacon. in Ar. Lys. 1253, X. HG 1, 1,23, Plu. Alk. 28.).

Other forms: mostly pl. -α,

Compounds: As 1. member in καλο-τύπος ὁ δρυοκολάπτης H., καλο-πέδιλα n. pl. "wooden shoes", kind of foot-fetters (Theoc. 25, 103); καλό-πους, - ποδος m. "wooden foot", i. e. `soemaker's last' (v. l. in Pl. Smp. 191a and Poll. 2, 195; Edict. Diocl.), also καλά-πους (Pl. l. c., Poll. 10, 141; after τετρά-πους?), with the diminutive καλοπόδιον (Gal. 6, 364 [v. l. - απ-], Suid.); as technical expressions καλόπους and καλοπόδιον reached in eastern languages, e. g Arab. qālib, from where Osman. kalyp `form, model' \> NGr. τὸ καλοῦπι `id.', MPers. kalapaδ, NPers. kālbud (Maidhof Glotta 10, 11; Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1933, 49). - Quite doubtful however καλαρ\<ρ\>ύα `canal, water conduit' (Ambracian after sch. Gen. Φ 259), καλαρρυϜαί (cod. - γαί) τάφροι. Άμερίας H., after Schwyzer 438 n. 4 prop. "wooden water conduite" (?); similar καλαρῖνες ὀχετοι `water-pipe']. Λάκωνες H.; cf. ῥινοῦχος `canal' etc., see Kretschmer Glotta 4, 335.

Derivatives: κάλινος `of wood' (Epich., Lyc., A. R., Cyrene); dimin. (?) κάλιον (- ίον?) ξυλάριον, βακτηρίδιον; καλύριον (- ύφιον?) ξυλήφιον H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]\/PGX

Etymology: To καίω, καῦσαι as `firewood'; cf. synonymous δᾱλός `fire-brand' from δαϜ-ελός ( δαίω), so κᾶλον could represent *κάϜ-ελον (Bq). As however Dor. κᾶλον cannot be derived from it, perh. from *κάϜ-αλον (Schwyzer 248, Lejeune Traité de phon. 234; on - ελο-: - αλο- cf. ἔταλον). However, a pre-form *καϜ-αλ- rather suggests a Pre-Greek form; also the connection with καίω does not seem certain. - From κᾶλα pl. Lat. cāla f. `dry wood, firewood'. - See καίω, and κῆλα.

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καίω, [dialect] Att. [full] κάω [pron. full] [ᾱ], [tense] impf.

A

ἔκαιον Od.9.553

, [dialect] Att. ἔκᾱον, [dialect] Ep.

καῖον Il. 21.343

: [tense] fut.

καύσω X.Cyr.5.4.21

, ([etym.] ἐπι-) Pl.Com.186.4, ([etym.] κατα-) Ar. Lys. 1218; also

καύσομαι Id.Pl. 1054

: [tense] aor. 1

ἔκαυσα Id. Pax 1088

, Th. 7.80 (bis), Pl.Grg. 456b, etc.; [dialect] Ep. ἔκηα (certain [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. forms have κει- in codd. of Hom., v. infr.),

ἔκηα Il.1.40

, al.; [ per.] 3sg. ἔκηε ([etym.] ν) 22.170, 24.34, al.; unaugm.

κῆεν 21.349

; [ per.] 3pl. ἔκηαν (v.l. ἔκειαν) Od.22.336; imper.

κεῖον 21.176

codd.; [ per.] 1pl. subj.

κείομεν Il.7.333

([pref] κατα-), 377, 396 (better attested than κήομεν); opt. κήαι, κήαιεν, 21.336, 24.38; inf.

κῆαι Od.15.97

(v.l. κεῖαι)

, κατα-κῆαι 10.533

, 11.46, κακκῆαι ib.74 (v.l. κακκεῖαι); part.

κείαντες 9.231

, 13.26, [dialect] Att.

κέαντες A.Ag. 849

, S.El. 757, ([etym.] ἐκ-) E.Rh.97,

ἐκκέας Ar. Pax 1133

(lyr.),

ἐγκέαντι IG12.374.96

,261: [tense] pf. κέκαυκα ([etym.] κατα-, προς-) X.HG6.5.37, Alex.124.3:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐκαυσάμην ([etym.] ἀν-) Hdt.1.202, 8.19; [dialect] Ep. κείαντο, κειάμενοι, Il.9.88, 234;

κειάμενος Od.16.2

, 23.51:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

καυθήσομαι Hp.Nat.Mul. 107

, ([etym.] κατα-, ἐκ-) Ar.Nu. 1505, Pl.R. 362a; late

κᾰήσομαι 1 Ep.Cor.3.15

: [tense] aor. 1

ἐκαύθην Hp.Epid.4.4

, Int. 28, ([etym.] κατ-) Hdt.1.19, Th.3.74; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.[tense] aor. 2 ἐκάην [pron. full] [ᾰ] Il.9.212 ([etym.] κατ-), Od.12.13, ([etym.] δί-) Hp.Loc.Hom.40, ([etym.] κατ-) Hdt.2.180; inf.

καήμεναι Il.

<*>3.210,

καῆναι Parth.9.8

: [tense] pf.

κέκαυμαι E.Cyc. 457

, Th.4.34, etc.,

κέκαυσμαι Hp.Int.28

; inf.

κεκαῦσθαι Arist.Mete. 343a9

. (From κᾰϝ-yw.)

I kindle,

πυρὰ πολλά Il.9.77

;

πῦρ κείαντες Od.9.231

;

πῦρ κῆαι 15.97

, etc.:—[voice] Med., πῦρ κείαντο they lighted them a fire, Il.9.88, cf. 234, Od.16.2:—[voice] Pass., to be lighted, burn,

πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο Il.1.52

;

θεείου καιομένοιο 8.135

;

καιομένοιο πυρός 19.376

, cf. Hdt.1.86, Ar.V. 1372, etc.;

φῶς πυρὸς καόμενον Pl.R. 514b

; αἱ φλόγες αἱ καιόμεναι.. περὶ τὸν οὐρανόν the meteors which blaze, Arist.Mete. 341b2; of ore, to be smelted, Id.HA 552b10.

II set on fire, burn, μηρία, ὀστέα, Od.9.553, Hes.Th. 557;

νεκρούς Il.21.343

; δένδρεα ib. 338:—[voice] Pass.,

νηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν 9.602

.

2 make hot, of the sun,

ἀνθρώπους Hdt.3.104

: abs., ibid., Pl.Cra. 413b; [ Χείμαρρος]

ἠελίῳ κεκαυμένος

smelted,

AP9.277

(Antiphil.).

3 of extreme cold,

ἡ Χιὼν καίει τῶν κυνῶν τὰς ῥῖνας X.Cyn.8.2

, cf. 6.26 ([voice] Pass.);

κάειν λέγεται.. τὸ ψυχρόν, οὐχ ὡς τὸ θερμόν Arist.Mete. 382b8

.

4 [voice] Pass., of fever-heat,

τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκάετο Th.2.49

: metaph., of passion, esp. of love, to be on fire,

ἐν φρασὶ καιομένα Pi.P.4.219

;

κάομαι τὴν καρδίαν Ar.Lys.9

;

ἔρως.. ὕβρει καόμενος Pl.Lg. 783a

; καίεσθαί τινος (sc. ἔρωτι) Hermesian.7.37, Charito 4.6, cf. Parth.14.2; also καομένη Ἑλλάς Greece being in a fever of excitement, Lys.33.7.

5 suffer from inflammation,

ἐκαύθη ἔσω Hp.Epid.4.20

, cf. 4.

III burn and destroy (in war), τέμνειν καὶ κ., κ. καὶ πορθεῖν, waste with fire and sword, X.HG4.2.15, 6.5.27.

IV of surgeons, cauterize,

ὤμους Hp.Art.11

:—in [voice] Pass., Id.Aph.6.60: abs., τέμνειν καὶ κάειν to use knife and cautery, Pl.Grg. 480c, 521e, X.An.5.8.18, etc.: rarely reversed,

κέαντες ἢ τεμόντες A.Ag. 849

.

V burn or bake pottery, κανθάρους dub. in Phryn.Com.15.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `tumour; rupture, hernia' (Hp., AP), `hump' (Eup., Arist.);

Dialectal forms: Att. κάλη

Compounds: as 1. member in κηλο-τομία `operation for hernia'; as 2. member in ἐντερο-, σαρκο-κήλη (medic.; Strömberg Wortstudien 69f.).

Derivatives: κηλήτης, Att. καλήτης m. `with hernia' (Str., Gal., Phryn.), ( ἐντερο-)-κηλικός (Dsc., Gal.); κάλαμα ὄγκος H. (Chantraine Formation 186f.); denomin. verb καλάζει ὀγκοῦται. Άχαιοί H. On κηλᾶς bird s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [536] * keh₂u(e)l- `tumour, rupture'

Etymology: The difference between Ion. κήλη and Att. κάλη (acc. to gramm. α long) is not explained. `Rückverwandlung' of PAtt. η \> ᾱ cannot be accounted for; diff. ablaut-forms: *κᾱϜ-ελ-ᾱ \> κήλη, *κᾰϜ-ελ-ᾱ \> κάλη (Kretschmer KZ 31, 471f. doubting) is not attractive. Then κάλη must be an unattic term (Björck Alpha impurum 70 doubting); there is no proof. - A remarkable agreement gives a Germanic term for `groin rupture', OWNo. haull m., OE hēala m., OHG hōla f., PGm. * haula(n)-, - ō(n); from Slavic territoy we find with the same meaning Csl. kyla, Russ. kilá, also `knag on a tree', with Lith. kū́las `navel-rupture(?)', kū́la `thickening, swelling, knag'. Al forms mentioned can go back on an l-stem *kāu̯el-, kaul-, kūl- (cf. on ἥλιος). - Pok. 536f., W.-Hofmann s. cūlus, Vasmer Wb. s. kilá.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `full of perfume, sweet-smelling' (Ζ 483, after it D. P. 941); through vowel shortening κεώδης καθαρός; κεῶεν ὄζει εὑωδεῖ H.

Derivatives: κηώεις (Hom., AP, Nonn.)

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: From *κηϜώδης or *κηϜόεις (with metr. lengthening) from *κῆϜος n. `fire, incense', verbal substantive of the aor. *κῆϜ-αι `burn', s. καίω. Solmsen Unt. 124f., also Schwyzer 527. Diff. Thieme Studien 60. - Beside the s-stem *κῆϜος there is *κηϜίον ( τεῖχος: τειχίον a. o.) in κήϊα and κεῖα καθάρματα H., further a form with l (not an l-stem) in *κηϜαλ-έος \> κηλέος `burning', s. v.; on the suffixes cf. e. g. ἔτος: ἔταλον, ἄγκος: ἀγκάλη. As however καίω derives from *καϜ- \< *ßkh₂u̯-, if it is IE, a phase with ē is impossible. So the etym. is wrong. Can it be based on καυσ-?

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `fire' (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. pukawo = *πυρ-καϜοι?

Compounds: Many compp., e.g. πυρ-καϊά, Ion. -ϊή f. `fireplace, pyre' (Il.), from *πυρ-καϜ-ιά̄, compound of πῦρ and καίω ( καῦ-σαι) with ι̯ᾱ-suffix, acc. as in σποδιά, ἀνθρακιά a. o.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 93 w. diff. interpretation; cf. Myc. pukawo; πυρ-φόρος `fire- or torch-bearing, -bearer' (Pi.), later also πυρο-φόρος; cf. Schwyzer 440; πυρι-γενής `born, worked in fire' (E. a.o.); ἄ-πυρ-ος `untouched by fire, without fire' (Il.); on πυρ-πολέω s. πέλομαι; on πυρ-αύστης etc. s. 2. αὔω; on πυρι-ήκης s. v.

Derivatives: Many derivv. A. Subst.: 1. πῠρά n. pl. `watch-fires' (Il.), dat. πυροῖς (X.), prop. plur. of πῦρ with transition in the ο-stems and accentshift (Egli Heteroklisie 18 a. 22 f.). 2. πυρ-ά̄, Ion. -ή f. `fireplace, pyre' (IL). 3. πυρ-σός m., pl. alo - σά n. `firebrand, fire-signal' (with remarkable oxytonesis) with - σώδης `firebrand-like' (E. in lyr.), - σεύω `to ignite, to give a fire-signal' (E.; X.), - σεία, - σευτήρ, σευτής (hell.), - σίτης `fire-colour' (Philostr.). 4. πυρ-ετός m. `burning heat, fever' (Χ 31; after νιφετός? Porzig Satzinhalte 245) with πυρ-έσσω, Att. - έττω, aor. - έξαι, adj. - εκτικός; - ετιάω, - εταίνω, - ετώδης, - έτιον, - ετικός. 5. πυρ-εῖα, Ion. -ήϊα n. pl. `lighter, firesticks' (h. Merc.; not with Zumbach Neuerungen 14 from πυρή `pyre'). 6. πυρ-ία, Ion. - ίη f. `vapour-, sweating-bath etc.' (Ion., Arist.), `fishing by torchlight' (Arist.), with - ιάω `to prepare a vapour-bath, to foment, to warm' (Hp.), from which - ίαμα, - ίασις, - ιατήρ, - ιατήριον (Scheller Oxyton. 55); also - ιάτη f. `warmed animal-milk' (com.). 7. πυρ-ίδιον n. `spark' (Thphr.). 8. πυρ-ίτης m. `copper ore, ore' (Dsc., pap.), "fireman", surn. of Hephaistos (Luc.); Redard 36, 60, 245. 9. πύρ-εθρον, - ος, - ωθρον `pellitory, Anthemis pyrethrum' (because of the warming effect; Strömberg Pfl.namen 82 a. 146f.). 10. πυρ-αλ(λ)ίς s. v. 11. Πυρ-ωνία surn. of Artemis (Paus.). -- B. Adj.: 1. πυρ-ώδης `fire-like, fiery' (IA.); 2. - ινος `fiery' (Arist., Plb.); 3. - όεις `id.' (hell.), also as n. of the planet Mars (Arist., hell.); 4. on πυρρός s. v. C. Verbs: 1. πυρ-όομαι, - όω, also w. ἐκ- a.o., `to catch fire, to set on fire' (Pi., Ion. Att.; Wackernagel Unt. 124) with πύρ-ωσις ( ἐκ-, δια- a.o.) f., - ωμα, - ωτής, - ωτικός; 2. πυρ-εύω `to make fire, to kindle' (Pl.; ἐμπυρ-εύω, - ίζω from ἔμ-πυρος) with - εύς, - ευτής, - ευτικός (more in Bosshardt 83); 3. πυρ-άζω EM as explanation of 4. πυρακτέω; s.v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [828] * peh₂-ur, ph₂-uen-s̯ `fire'

Etymology: With πῦρ, πῠρ-ός agrees exactly Umbr. pir nom. acc. (from * pūr), abl. pur-e (from *pŭr-), thus, with secondary vowelenlargement, Arm. hur, gen. hr-oy (\< *pū̆r-o-) and OWNo. fūrr, fȳrr (\< PGm. * fūr-i-). The word was originally an heteroclitic r \/ n- stem and is still so inflected in Hitt. paḫḫu(u̯a)r, gen. paḫḫu̯enaš. Traces of this formation can still be seen in Germ.: Goth. fōn, gen. fun-ins as opposed to OHG fuir, fiur, Feuer; also in Arm.: hn-oç `fireplace, furnace' a opposed to hur (s. above); note also Toch. A pl. por-äṃ (= -n; combination of r and n?, v. Windekens IF 65, 249 ff.). The ablaut, which appears already from the above cited forms, is now reconstructed as a proterodynamic r\/n-neuter: IE *peh₂<sub>-</sub>ur: ph₂-u̯en-s; cf. Specht KZ 59, 283ff.), was simplified in Greek (the change in quantity is not old). -- Beside this neutral matter-indicating word for `fire' Indo-European had an as old word indicating fire as active entity in Lat. ignis, Skt. agní-, Lith. ugnìs, OCS ognь; a parallel double designation, which represents two different interpretations of nature, is found with the words for `water' (s. ὕδωρ). On this Schulze Kl. Schr. 194f., Meillet MSL 21, 249ff., Bonfante Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 33ff., Mastrelli Arch. glottol. it. 43, 1 ff. On tabuistic replacing words for `fire' Havers Sprachtabu 64ff. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 14f., Pok. 828, W.-Hofmann s. pūrus (relation quite hypothetic and quite doubtful; s. on this with further discussion Mayrhofer s. punā́ti; also Blesse KZ 75, 195).

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `fire' (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. pukawo = *πυρ-καϜοι?

Compounds: Many compp., e.g. πυρ-καϊά, Ion. -ϊή f. `fireplace, pyre' (Il.), from *πυρ-καϜ-ιά̄, compound of πῦρ and καίω ( καῦ-σαι) with ι̯ᾱ-suffix, acc. as in σποδιά, ἀνθρακιά a. o.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 93 w. diff. interpretation; cf. Myc. pukawo; πυρ-φόρος `fire- or torch-bearing, -bearer' (Pi.), later also πυρο-φόρος; cf. Schwyzer 440; πυρι-γενής `born, worked in fire' (E. a.o.); ἄ-πυρ-ος `untouched by fire, without fire' (Il.); on πυρ-πολέω s. πέλομαι; on πυρ-αύστης etc. s. 2. αὔω; on πυρι-ήκης s. v.

Derivatives: Many derivv. A. Subst.: 1. πῠρά n. pl. `watch-fires' (Il.), dat. πυροῖς (X.), prop. plur. of πῦρ with transition in the ο-stems and accentshift (Egli Heteroklisie 18 a. 22 f.). 2. πυρ-ά̄, Ion. -ή f. `fireplace, pyre' (IL). 3. πυρ-σός m., pl. alo - σά n. `firebrand, fire-signal' (with remarkable oxytonesis) with - σώδης `firebrand-like' (E. in lyr.), - σεύω `to ignite, to give a fire-signal' (E.; X.), - σεία, - σευτήρ, σευτής (hell.), - σίτης `fire-colour' (Philostr.). 4. πυρ-ετός m. `burning heat, fever' (Χ 31; after νιφετός? Porzig Satzinhalte 245) with πυρ-έσσω, Att. - έττω, aor. - έξαι, adj. - εκτικός; - ετιάω, - εταίνω, - ετώδης, - έτιον, - ετικός. 5. πυρ-εῖα, Ion. -ήϊα n. pl. `lighter, firesticks' (h. Merc.; not with Zumbach Neuerungen 14 from πυρή `pyre'). 6. πυρ-ία, Ion. - ίη f. `vapour-, sweating-bath etc.' (Ion., Arist.), `fishing by torchlight' (Arist.), with - ιάω `to prepare a vapour-bath, to foment, to warm' (Hp.), from which - ίαμα, - ίασις, - ιατήρ, - ιατήριον (Scheller Oxyton. 55); also - ιάτη f. `warmed animal-milk' (com.). 7. πυρ-ίδιον n. `spark' (Thphr.). 8. πυρ-ίτης m. `copper ore, ore' (Dsc., pap.), "fireman", surn. of Hephaistos (Luc.); Redard 36, 60, 245. 9. πύρ-εθρον, - ος, - ωθρον `pellitory, Anthemis pyrethrum' (because of the warming effect; Strömberg Pfl.namen 82 a. 146f.). 10. πυρ-αλ(λ)ίς s. v. 11. Πυρ-ωνία surn. of Artemis (Paus.). -- B. Adj.: 1. πυρ-ώδης `fire-like, fiery' (IA.); 2. - ινος `fiery' (Arist., Plb.); 3. - όεις `id.' (hell.), also as n. of the planet Mars (Arist., hell.); 4. on πυρρός s. v. C. Verbs: 1. πυρ-όομαι, - όω, also w. ἐκ- a.o., `to catch fire, to set on fire' (Pi., Ion. Att.; Wackernagel Unt. 124) with πύρ-ωσις ( ἐκ-, δια- a.o.) f., - ωμα, - ωτής, - ωτικός; 2. πυρ-εύω `to make fire, to kindle' (Pl.; ἐμπυρ-εύω, - ίζω from ἔμ-πυρος) with - εύς, - ευτής, - ευτικός (more in Bosshardt 83); 3. πυρ-άζω EM as explanation of 4. πυρακτέω; s.v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [828] * peh₂-ur, ph₂-uen-s̯ `fire'

Etymology: With πῦρ, πῠρ-ός agrees exactly Umbr. pir nom. acc. (from * pūr), abl. pur-e (from *pŭr-), thus, with secondary vowelenlargement, Arm. hur, gen. hr-oy (\< *pū̆r-o-) and OWNo. fūrr, fȳrr (\< PGm. * fūr-i-). The word was originally an heteroclitic r \/ n- stem and is still so inflected in Hitt. paḫḫu(u̯a)r, gen. paḫḫu̯enaš. Traces of this formation can still be seen in Germ.: Goth. fōn, gen. fun-ins as opposed to OHG fuir, fiur, Feuer; also in Arm.: hn-oç `fireplace, furnace' a opposed to hur (s. above); note also Toch. A pl. por-äṃ (= -n; combination of r and n?, v. Windekens IF 65, 249 ff.). The ablaut, which appears already from the above cited forms, is now reconstructed as a proterodynamic r\/n-neuter: IE *peh₂<sub>-</sub>ur: ph₂-u̯en-s; cf. Specht KZ 59, 283ff.), was simplified in Greek (the change in quantity is not old). -- Beside this neutral matter-indicating word for `fire' Indo-European had an as old word indicating fire as active entity in Lat. ignis, Skt. agní-, Lith. ugnìs, OCS ognь; a parallel double designation, which represents two different interpretations of nature, is found with the words for `water' (s. ὕδωρ). On this Schulze Kl. Schr. 194f., Meillet MSL 21, 249ff., Bonfante Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 33ff., Mastrelli Arch. glottol. it. 43, 1 ff. On tabuistic replacing words for `fire' Havers Sprachtabu 64ff. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 14f., Pok. 828, W.-Hofmann s. pūrus (relation quite hypothetic and quite doubtful; s. on this with further discussion Mayrhofer s. punā́ti; also Blesse KZ 75, 195).

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