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  • 21 machinery

    1. организационный аппарат
    2. оборудование
    3. механизм
    4. машины и оборудование
    5. машины
    6. машинное оборудование

     

    машинное оборудование
    термин " машинное оборудование" означает:
    - сборочную единицу, состоящую из соединенных частей или компонентов, по крайней мере, одна из которых находится в движении, имеет соответствующие приводы, схему управления, цепь питания, и т.д., соединенные вместе с целью специального применения, в частности, для производства, обработки, перемещения или упаковки материала;
    - группу машин, которые для достижения той же цели организованы и управляется таким образом, что они функционируют как единое целое;
    - взаимозаменяемое оборудование, модифицирующее функции машины, которое отдельно поставляется на рынок и предназначено для установки на машине или на серии различных машин или на приводном устройстве самим оператором, при условии, что данное оборудование не является запасной частью или инструментом.
    [Директива 98/37/ЕЭС по машинному оборудованию]

    EN

    machinery
    ‘machinery’ means:
    — an assembly of linked parts or components, at least one of which moves, with the appropriate
    actuators, control and power circuits, etc., joined together for a specific application, in particular
    for the processing, treatment, moving or packaging of a material,
    — an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole,
    — interchangeable equipment modifying the function of a machine, which is placed on the market for the purpose of being assembled with a machine or a series of different machines or with a tractor by the operator himself in so far as this equipment is not a spare part or a tool
    [DIRECTIVE 98/37/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    3. The following are excluded from the scope of this Directive:

    3. Из области применения данной Директивы исключаются:

    — machinery whose only power source is directly applied manual effort, unless it is a machine used for lifting or lowering loads,

    - машинное оборудование, для которых источником энергии является исключительно непосредственное применение ручной силы, за исключением механизмов для подъема и опускания грузов;

    — machinery for medical use used in direct contact with patients,

    - медицинские приборы;

    — special equipment for use in fairgrounds and/or amusement parks,

    - специальное оборудование для использования в аттракционах и/или парках для развлечений;

    — steam boilers, tanks and pressure vessels,

    - паровые котлы, резервуары и сосуды под давлением;

    — machinery specially designed or put into service for nuclear purposes which, in the event of failure, may result in an emission of radioactivity,

    - машинное оборудование, специально сконструированное или используемое в атомной отрасли, которые в случае аварии могут привести к выделению радиоактивных веществ;

    — radioactive sources forming part of a machine,

    - радиоактивные источники, составляющие часть машин;

    — firearms,

    - стрелковое оружие;

    — storage tanks and pipelines for petrol, diesel fuel, inflammable liquids and dangerous substances,

    - емкости для хранения или трубопроводы для бензина, дизельного топлива, огнеопасных жидкостей и опасных веществ;

    — means of transport, i.e. vehicles and their trailers intended solely for transporting passengers by air or on road, rail or water networks, as well as means of transport in so far as such means are designed for transporting goods by air, on public road or rail networks or on water. Vehicles used in the mineral extraction industry shall not be excluded,

    - транспортные средства, т.е. средства перевозки и их прицепы, предназначенные исключительно для перевозки пассажиров по воздуху, автодороге, железной дороге, или водными путями, а также транспортные средства, сконструированные для транспортировки грузов по воздуху, по общедоступным дорогам, железным дорогам или водным путям. Средства транспортировки, используемые в горнодобывающей промышленности, не исключаются из области применения настоящей Директивы;

    — seagoing vessels and mobile offshore units together with equipment on board such vessels or units,

    - морские суда и мобильные береговые агрегаты вместе с оборудованием на борту, такие как танки или установки;

    — cableways, including funicular railways, for the public or private transportation of persons,

    - канатные дороги, включая фуникулерные железные дороги для общественного или частного пользования, предназначенные для транспортировки людей;

    — agricultural and forestry tractors, as defined in Article 1(1) of Directive 74/150/EEC (1),

    (1) Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (OJ L 84, 28.3.1974, p. 10). Directive as last amended by Decision 95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC (OJ L 1.1.1995, p. 1).

    -сельскохозяйственные и лесные тракторы, подпадающие под определение статьи 1 (1) Директивы Совета 74/150/ЕЭС(1);

    (1) Директива Совета 74/150/ЕЭС от 4 марта 1974 г. по сближению законодательных актов Государств-членов, относящихся к одобрению типов колесных сельскохозяйственных или лесных тракторов (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 84, 28.3.1974 г., стр.10). Директива, измененная последний раз Решением 95/1/ЕЭС, Евроатом, ECSC (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 1/1/1995 г., стр 1)

    — machines specially designed and constructed for military or police purposes,

    - машины, специально сконструированные и созданные для военных и полицейских целей;

    — lifts which permanently serve specific levels of buildings and constructions, having a car moving between guides which are rigid and inclined at an angle of more than 15 degrees to the horizontal and designed for the transport of:
    (i) persons;
    (ii) persons and goods;
    (iii) goods alone if the car is accessible, that is to say, a person may enter it without difficulty, and fitted with controls situated inside the car or within reach of a person inside,

    - лифты и подъемные устройства, постоянно обслуживающие определенные уровни зданий и конструкций, имеющие транспортную тележку, движущуюся между жесткими направляющими, которые имеют угол наклона более 15 градусов к горизонтальной поверхности и сконструированы для транспортировки:
    (i) людей;
    (ii) людей и имущества;
    (iii) только имущества, в том случае, если кабина лифта открыта, т.е. человек может легко войти в такое транспортное средство и манипулировать средствами управления, находящимися внутри кабины или в пределах досягаемости для человека;

    — means of transport of persons using rack and pinion rail mounted vehicles,

    - транспортные средства для перевозки людей, с использованием зубчатых или реечных рельс, по которым перемещается транспортные средства;

    — mine winding gear,

    - шахтные канатные подъемные устройства;

    — theatre elevators,

    - театральные подъемники;

    — construction site hoists intended for lifting persons or persons and goods.

    - строительные подъемники, предназначенные для подъема людей или людей и грузов.

    4. Where, for machinery or safety components, the risks referred to in this Directive are wholly or partly covered by specific Community Directives, this Directive shall not apply, or shall cease to apply, in the case of such machinery or safety components and of such risks on the implementation of these specific Directives.

    4. Когда для машинного оборудования и компонентов безопасности риски, определенные в настоящей Директиве, полностью или частично покрываются специальными Директивами Сообщества, настоящая Директива не применяется или прекращает свое действие, такое машинное оборудование и компоненты безопасности и такие риски подпадают под действие этих специальных Директив.

    5. Where, for machinery, the risks are mainly of electrical origin, such machinery shall be covered exclusively by Directive 73/23/EEC (2).

    (2) Council Directive 73/23/EEC of 19 February 1973 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (OJ L 77, 26.3.1973, p. 29). Directive as last amended by Directive 93/68/EEC (OJ L 220, 30.8.1993, p. 1).

    5. Когда риски применения машинного оборудования связаны с электрическими источниками, то такое оборудование охватываются исключительно Директивой 73/23/ЕЭС(2).

    (2) Директива Совета 73/23/ЕЭС/ от 19 февраля 1973 года о гармонизации законов Государств-Участников в отношении электрооборудования, предназначенного для использования в условиях определенных пределов напряжения (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 77, 26.03.1973, стр. 29). Директива с последней поправкой Директивой 93/68/ЕЭС (Официальный журнал Европейских сообществ № L 220, 30.08.1993, стр.1).

    Article 2
    1. Member States shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that machinery or safety components covered by this Directive may be placed on the market and put into service only if they do not endanger the health or safety of persons and, where appropriate, domestic animals or property, when properly installed and maintained and used for their intended purpose.

    Статья 2
    1. Государства - члены должны предпринимать все необходимые меры для обеспечения того, чтобы машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности, попадающие под действие настоящей Директивы, поставлялись на рынок и вводились в эксплуатацию, только если они не составляют угрозу для здоровья и безопасности людей и домашних животных, или имуществу при условии надлежащей установки и обслуживания, а также использования по прямому назначению.

    2. This Directive shall not affect Member States’ entitlement to lay down, in due observance of the Treaty, such requirements as they may deem necessary to ensure that persons and in particular workers are protected when using the machinery or safety components in question, provided that this does not mean that the machinery or safety components are modified in a way not specified in the Directive.

    2. Настоящая Директива не ограничивает права Государств - членов устанавливать при должном соблюдении Договора такие требования, которые они посчитают необходимыми для обеспечения защиты людей, особенно работников, при использовании машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, при условии, что модификация такого машинного оборудования и компонентов безопасности была произведена в соответствии с положениями настоящей Директивы.

    3. At trade fairs, exhibitions, demonstrations, etc., Member States shall not prevent the showing of machinery or safety components which do not conform to the provisions of this Directive, provided that a visible sign clearly indicates that such machinery or safety components do not conform and that they are not for sale until they have been brought into conformity by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community. During demonstrations, adequate safety measures shall be taken to ensure the protection of persons.

    3. На торговых ярмарках, выставках, демонстрациях и т.п. Государства - члены не должны препятствовать демонстрации машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, которые не соответствуют положениям настоящей Директивы, при условии, что видимый знак четко указывает, что такое машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности не соответствуют данной Директиве, и что они не предназначаются для продажи до тех пор, пока изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе не приведет их в полное соответствие с Директивой. Во время демонстраций должны приниматься адекватные меры для обеспечения безопасности граждан.

    Article 3
    Machinery and safety components covered by this Directive shall satisfy the essential health and safety requirements set out in Annex I.

    Статья 3
    Машинное оборудование, а также компоненты безопасности, относящиеся к области действия настоящей Директивы, должны полностью удовлетворять основным требованиям по обеспечению здоровья и безопасности, изложенным в Приложении 1.

    Article 4
    1. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market and putting into service in their territory of machinery and safety components which comply with this Directive.

    Статья 4
    1. Государства - члены не должны запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать поставке на рынок машинного оборудования, а также компонентов безопасности, которые соответствуют
    требованиям настоящей Директивы.

    2. Member States shall not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of machinery where the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community declares in accordance with point B of Annex II that it is intended to be incorporated into machinery or assembled with other machinery to constitute machinery covered by this Directive, except where it can function independently.

    ‘Interchangeable equipment’, as referred to in the third indent of Article 1(2)(a), must in all cases bear the CE marking and be accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point A.

    2. Государства - члены не должны запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать поставке на рынок машинного оборудования, если изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе заявляет в соответствии с Приложением II B, что они предназначены для включения в машинное оборудование или компоноваться с другим оборудованием, так, что в соединении они составят машинное оборудование, отвечающее требованиям настоящей Директивы, за исключением тех случаев, когда они могут функционировать независимо.

    "Взаимозаменяемое оборудование" в смысле третьего абзаца с черточкой в Статье 1 (2) (a) должно во всех случаях иметь маркировку "СЕ" и сопровождаться декларацией соответствия, определенной в Приложении II, пункте А.

    3. Member States may not prohibit, restrict or impede the placing on the market of safety components as defined in Article 1(2) where they are accompanied by an EC declaration of conformity by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community as referred to in Annex II, point C.

    3. Государства - члены не имеют права запрещать, ограничивать или препятствовать распространению на рынке компонентов безопасности, определенных Статьей 1 (2), если эти компоненты сопровождаются декларацией соответствия ЕС, заявленной изготовителем или его уполномоченным представителем в Сообществе, как определено в Приложении II, пункте С.

    Article 5
    1. Member States shall regard the following as conforming to all the provisions of this Directive, including the procedures for checking the conformity provided for in Chapter II:
    — machinery bearing the CE marking and accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point A,
    — safety components accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity referred to in Annex II, point C.

    Статья 5
    1. Государства - члены должны считать нижеследующее соответствующим всем положениям настоящей Директивы, включая процедуры проверки соответствия, предусмотренной в Главе II:
    - машинное оборудование, имеющее маркировку "СЕ" и сопровождаемое декларацией соответствия ЕС, как указано в Приложении II, пункте A;
    - компоненты безопасности, сопровождаемые декларацией соответствия ЕС, как указано в Приложении II, пункте C.

    При отсутствии гармонизированных стандартов Государства - члены должны предпринимать любые меры, которые они сочтут необходимыми, для привлечения внимания заинтересованных сторон к существующим национальным техническим стандартам и спецификациям, которые считаются важными или относятся к выполнению основных требований по обеспечению здоровья и безопасности в соответствии с Приложением 1.

    2. Where a national standard transposing a harmonised standard, the reference for which has been published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, covers one or more of the essential safety requirements, machinery or safety components constructed in accordance with this standard shall be presumed to comply with the relevant essential requirements.
    Member States shall publish the references of national standards transposing harmonised standards.

    2. В тех случаях, когда национальный стандарт, заменяющий гармонизированный стандарт, ссылка на который была опубликована в Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ, покрывает одно или несколько основных требований безопасности, машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности, сконструированные в соответствии с таким стандартом, должны считаться соответствующими основным требованиям.
    Государства - члены должны публиковать ссылки на национальные стандарты, заменяющие гармонизированные стандарты.

    3. Member States shall ensure that appropriate measures are taken to enable the social partners to have an influence at national level on the process of preparing and monitoring the harmonised standards.

    3. Государства - члены должны обеспечивать принятие необходимых мер для того, чтобы их социальные партнеры получали возможность влиять на национальном уровне на процессы подготовки и отслеживания гармонизированных стандартов.

    Article 6
    1. Where a Member State or the Commission considers that the harmonised standards referred to in Article 5(2) do not entirely satisfy the essential requirements referred to in Article 3, the Commission or the Member State concerned shall bring the matter before the committee set up under Directive 83/189/EEC, giving the reasons therefor. The committee shall deliver an opinion without delay.
    Upon receipt of the committee’s opinion, the Commission shall inform the Member States whether or not it is necessary to withdraw those standards from the published information referred to in Article 5(2).

    Статья 6
    1. В случае, если Государство - член или Комиссия считают, что гармонизированные стандарты, рассмотренные в Статье 5 (2), не полностью соответствуют основным требованиям, определенным в Статье 3, Комиссия или заинтересованное Государство - член должны поставить этот вопрос на рассмотрение комитета, созданного в соответствии с Директивой 83/189/ЕЭС, обосновав причины такого обращения. Комитет должен безотлагательно вынести решение.
    После получения такого решения комитета Комиссия должна информировать Государства – члены, необходимо или нет отозвать эти стандарты из опубликованной информации, определенной в Статье 5 (2).

    2. A standing committee shall be set up, consisting of representatives appointed by the Member States and chaired by a representative of the Commission.

    The standing committee shall draw up its own rules of procedure.

    Any matter relating to the implementation and practical application of this Directive may be brought before the standing committee, in accordance with the following procedure:

    The representative of the Commission shall submit to the committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within a time limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a vote.

    The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the right to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes.
    The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the committee.
    It shall inform the committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account.

    2. Должен быть создан постоянно действующий комитет, состоящий из представителей, назначенных Государствами – членами, и возглавляемый представителем Комиссии.

    Постоянно действующий комитет будет сам устанавливать порядок действий и процедуры.

    Любой вопрос, относящийся к выполнению и практическому применению настоящей Директивы, может быть поставлен на рассмотрение постоянно действующего комитета, в соответствии со следующими правилами:

    Представитель Комиссии должен представить комитету проект предполагаемых к принятию мер. Комитет должен выразить свое мнение по проекту за время, установленное председателем в соответствии со срочностью вопроса, при необходимости определяемого путем голосования.

    Это мнение должно быть зафиксировано в протоколе; кроме того, каждое Государство - член имеет право потребовать отразить свою позицию в протоколе. Комиссия должна максимально учитывать мнение, вынесенное комитетом.
    Она должна проинформировать комитет, каким образом было учтено его мнение.

    Article 7
    1. Where a Member State ascertains that:
    — machinery bearing the CE marking, or
    — safety components accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity, used in accordance with their intended purpose are liable to endanger the safety of persons, and, where appropriate, domestic animals or property, it shall take all appropriate measures to withdraw such machinery or safety components from the market, to prohibit the placing on the market, putting into service or use thereof, or to restrict free movement thereof.

    Member States shall immediately inform the Commission of any such measure, indicating the reason for its decision and, in particular, whether non-conformity is due to:
    (a) failure to satisfy the essential requirements referred to in Article 3;
    (b) incorrect application of the standards referred to in Article 5(2);
    (c) shortcomings in the standards themselves referred to in Article 5(2).

    Статья 7
    1. Если Государство - член устанавливает, что:
    - машинное оборудование, имеющее маркировку "СЕ", либо
    - компоненты безопасности, сопровождаемые декларацией соответствия ЕС, используемые в соответствии с их назначением, могут нести угрозу безопасности людям, и, если это имеет место, домашним животным или собственности, оно должно принять все необходимые меры для изъятия такого машинного оборудования, либо компонентов безопасности с рынка, запретить их поставку на рынок, ввод в эксплуатацию или использование, либо ограничить их свободное обращение.

    Государства - члены должны немедленно информировать Комиссию о любых подобных мерах, указать причины такого решения и, в особенности, информировать о том, явилось ли это несоответствие результатом:
    a) неспособности удовлетворить основным требованиям, определенным в Статье 3;
    b) неправильного применения стандартов, определенных в Статье 5 (п.2);
    c) недостатков самих стандартов, определенных в Статье 5 (п. 2).

    2. The Commission shall enter into consultation with the parties concerned without delay. Where the Commission considers, after this consultation, that the measure is justified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative and the other Member States. Where the Commission considers, after this consultation, that the action is unjustified, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative and the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community.

    Where the decision referred to in paragraph 1 is based on a shortcoming in the standards, and where the Member State at the origin of the decision maintains its position, the Commission shall immediately inform the committee in order to initiate the procedures referred to in Article 6(1).

    2. Комиссия должна безотлагательно провести консультацию с заинтересованными сторонами. В случае, если после проведения такой консультации, Комиссия полагает, что такая мера обоснована, она должна немедленно информировать об этом Государство - член, которое выдвинуло эту инициативу, а также остальные Государства - члены. Если Комиссия после проведения такой консультации полагает, что действия не были обоснованными, она немедленно извещает об этом Государство - член, проявившее инициативу, и изготовителя, либо его уполномоченного представителя в Сообществе.

    Если решение, указанное в параграфе 1, основано на недостатках в стандартах, и если Государство - член на основании такого решения сохраняет свои позиции, то Комиссия должна немедленно информировать комитет для того, чтобы начать процедуры, описанные в Статье 6 (п. 1).

    3. Where:
    — machinery which does not comply bears the CE marking,
    — a safety component which does not comply is accompanied by an EC declaration of conformity,
    the competent Member State shall take appropriate action against whom so ever has affixed the marking or drawn up the declaration and shall so inform the Commission and other Member States.

    3. Если:
    - машинное оборудование, не соответствующие требованиям, имеют маркировку "СЕ",
    - компоненты безопасности, не соответствующие требованиям, имеют декларацию соответствия ЕС,
    компетентное Государство - член должно начать соответствующие действия против любого, кто поставил маркировку, или составил декларацию, и должно проинформировать об этом Комиссию и другие Государства - члены.

    4. The Commission shall ensure that Member States are kept informed of the progress and outcome of this procedure.

    4. Комиссия должна обеспечить, чтобы Государства – члены были постоянно информированы о ходе и результатах данной процедуры.

    CHAPTER II
    CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
    Article 8

    1. The manufacturer or his authorised representative established in the Community must, in order to certify that machinery and safety components are in conformity with this Directive, draw up for all machinery or safety components manufactured an EC declaration of conformity based on the model given in Annex II, point A or C as appropriate.

    In addition, for machinery alone, the manufacturer or his authorised representatives established in the Community must affix to the machine the CE marking.

    Глава II
    Процедуры оценки соответствия
    Статья 8

    1. Для подтверждения того, что машинное оборудование, а также компоненты безопасности соответствуют положениям настоящей Директивы, изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен составить декларацию ЕС о соответствии на произведенное машинное оборудование и компоненты безопасности по образцу, приведенному в Приложении II, соответственно пунктам A или C.

    Корме того, на машинное оборудование изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен нанести маркировку "СЕ" в соответствии со Статьей 10.

    2. Before placing on the market, the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the Community, shall:
    (a) if the machinery is not referred to in Annex IV, draw up the file provided for in Annex V;
    (b) if the machinery is referred to in Annex IV and its manufacturer does not comply, or only partly complies, with the standards referred to in Article 5(2) or if there are no such standards, submit an example of the machinery for the EC type-examination referred to in Annex VI;
    (c) if the machinery is referred to in Annex IV and is manufactured in accordance with the standards referred to in Article 5(2):
    — either draw up the file referred to in Annex VI and forward it to a notified body, which will acknowledge receipt of the file as soon as possible and keep it,
    — submit the file referred to in Annex VI to the notified body, which will simply verify that the standards referred to in Article 5(2) have been correctly applied and will draw up a certificate of adequacy for the file,
    — or submit the example of the machinery for the EC type-examination referred to in Annex VI.

    2. Перед поставкой на рынок изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе должен:
    (a) в случае, если машинное оборудование не указано в Приложении IV, составить документацию, предусмотренную Приложением V;
    (b) если машинное оборудование указано в Приложении IV, и их изготовитель не выполняет, либо выполняет лишь частично требования стандартов, упомянутых в Статье 5 (2), либо, если таких стандартов не существует, то представить образец машинного оборудования для его испытания ЕС, определенного в Приложении VI;
    (c) если машинное оборудование указано в Приложении IV и изготовлено в соответствии со стандартами, определенными в Статье 5 (п. 2):
    - либо составить документацию, указанную в Приложении VI, и передать ее нотифицированному органу, который подтверждает получение документации в возможно короткие сроки, а также сохраняет ее;
    - представить документацию, указанную в Приложении VI, нотифицированному органу, который просто проверит, что стандарты, упомянутые в Статье 5 (2), были применены правильно и составит сертификат соответствия по этой документации;
    - либо представить образец машинного оборудования для испытания ЕС типового образца, определенного в Приложении VI.

    3. Where the first indent of paragraph 2(c) of this Article applies, the provisions of the first sentence of paragraphs 5 and 7 of Annex VI shall also apply.

    Where the second indent of paragraph 2(c) of this Article applies, the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of Annex VI shall also apply.

    3. В тех случаях, когда может быть применен первый абзац параграфа 2 (с) этой Статьи должны также применяться положения первого предложения параграфов 5 и 7 Приложения VI.

    В тех случаях, когда может быть применен второй абзац пункта 2 (с), должны также применяться положения параграфов 5, 6 и 7 Приложения VI.

    4. Where paragraph 2(a) and the first and second indents of paragraph 2(c) apply, the EC declaration of conformity shall solely state conformity with the essential requirements of the Directive.

    Where paragraph 2(b) and the third indent of paragraph 2(c) apply, the EC declaration of conformity shall state conformity with the example that underwent EC type-examination.

    4. В тех случаях, когда применяется параграф 2 (а) и первый и второй абзацы параграфа 2 (c), декларация ЕС о соответствии должна удостоверить соответствие основным требованиям настоящей Директивы.

    В случае, когда применяется параграф 2 (b) и третий абзац параграфа 2 (c), декларация ЕС о соответствии должна удостоверить соответствие образцу, прошедшему испытание ЕС типового образца.

    5. Safety components shall be subject to the certification procedures applicable to machinery pursuant to paragraphs 2, 3 and 4. Furthermore, during EC type-examination, the notified body shall verify the suitability of the safety component for fulfilling the safety functions declared by the manufacturer.

    5.Компоненты безопасности должны подвергаться процедурам сертификации, применимым к машинному оборудованию в соответствии с параграфами 2, 3, 4. Более того, во время испытания ЕС типового образца нотифицированный орган должен проверить пригодность компонентов безопасности для выполнения тех функций безопасности, которые заявлены изготовителем.

    6. (a) Where the machinery is subject to other Directives concerning other aspects and which also provide for the affixing of the CE marking, the latter shall indicate that the machinery is also presumed to conform to the provisions of those other Directives.
    (b) However, where one or more of those Directives allow the manufacturer, during a transitional period, to choose which arrangements to apply, the CE marking shall indicate conformity only to the Directives applied by the manufacturer. In this case, particulars of the Directives applied, as published in the Official Journal of the European Communities, must be given in the documents, notices or instructions required by the directives and accompanying such machinery.

    6. (a) В тех случаях, когда машинное оборудование подпадает под действие Директив по другим аспектам, которые также предусматривают нанесение маркировки "СЕ", последняя указывает, что такое машинное оборудование соответствуют положениям этих прочих директив.
    (b) Тем не менее, когда одна или несколько таких Директив позволяют изготовителям в течение переходного периода выбирать, какие из положений применить, маркировка "СЕ" будет указывать на соответствие только тем Директивам, которые применялись изготовителем. В этом случае подробная информация о примененных Директивах, опубликованных в Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ, должен приводиться в документах, аннотациях или инструкциях, требуемых в соответствии с Директивами, и сопровождать такое машинное оборудование.

    7. Where neither the manufacturer nor his authorised representative established in the Community fulfils the obligations of paragraphs 1 to 6, these obligations shall fall to any person placing the machinery or safety component on the market in the Community. The same obligations shall apply to any person assembling machinery or parts thereof or safety components of various origins or constructing machinery or safety components for his own use.

    7. Если ни изготовитель, ни его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе не выполнят своих обязательств по предыдущим параграфам, то эти обязательства должны быть выполнены любыми лицами, поставляющими машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности на рынок Сообщества. Такие же обязательства возлагаются на любые лица, осуществляющие сборку машинного оборудования, либо его частей или компонентов безопасности различного происхождения, либо создающие машинное оборудование или компоненты безопасности для собственного пользования.

    8. The obligations referred to in paragraph 7 shall not apply to persons who assemble with a machine or tractor interchangeable equipment as provided for in Article 1, provided that the parts are compatible and each of the constituent parts of the assembled machine bears the CE marking and is accompanied by the EC declaration of conformity.

    8. Обязательства, изложенные в параграфе 7, не применяются к лицам, которые собирают с машиной, механизмом или транспортным средством взаимозаменяемое оборудование, указанное в Статье 1, при условии, что эти части совместимы, и каждая из частей машины в сборе имеет маркировку "СЕ" и Декларацию ЕС о соответствии.

    Article 9
    1. Member States shall notify the Commission and the other Member States of the approved bodies which they have appointed to carry out the procedures referred to in Article 8 together with the specific tasks which these bodies have been appointed to carry out and the identification numbers assigned to them beforehand by the Commission.
    The Commission shall publish in the Official Journal of the European Communities a list of the notified bodies and their identification numbers and the tasks for which they have been notified. The Commission shall ensure that this list is kept up to date.

    Статья 9
    1. Государства - члены должны уведомить Комиссию и другие Государства - члены об утвержденных органах, которые назначаются для выполнения процедур, описанных в Статье 8, также как и для различных особых задач, которые этим органам предназначено выполнять, и об идентификационных номерах, предварительно присвоенных им Комиссией.

    В Официальном журнале Европейских сообществ Комиссия должна публиковать список таких нотифицированных органов и их идентификационные номера, а также задачи, для решения которых они предназначены. Комиссия должна обеспечить своевременность обновления списка.

    2. Member States shall apply the criteria laid down in Annex VII in assessing the bodies to be indicated in such notification. Bodies meeting the assessment criteria laid down in the relevant harmonised standards shall be presumed to fulfil those criteria.

    2. Государства - члены должны применять критерии, изложенные в Приложении VII, для определения органов, которые будут указаны в таких назначениях. Органы, удовлетворяющие критериям, изложенным в соответствующих гармонизированных стандартах, считаются соответствующими критериям.

    3. A Member State which has approved a body must withdraw its notification if it finds that the body no longer meets the criteria referred to in Annex VII. It shall immediately inform the Commission and the other Member States accordingly.

    3. Государство - член, утвердившее такой орган, должно отменить его назначение, если оно обнаружит, что он больше не соответствует критериям, изложенным в Приложении VII. Государство - член должно немедленно известить об этом Комиссию и другие Государства - члены.

    CHAPTER III
    CE MARKING
    Article 10
    1. The CE conformity marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’. The form of the marking to be used is shown in Annex III.

    ГЛАВА III
    МАРКИРОВКА "СЕ"
    Статья 10
    1. Маркировка "СЕ" состоит из заглавных букв "СЕ". Форма маркировки, которая будет использоваться, указана в Приложении III.

    2. The CE marking shall be affixed to machinery distinctly and visibly in accordance with point 1.7.3 of Annex I.

    2. Маркировка "СЕ" должна наноситься на машинное оборудование четко, на видном месте в соответствии с пунктом 1.7.3. Приложения I.

    3. The affixing of markings on the machinery which are likely to deceive third parties as to the meaning and form of the CE marking shall be prohibited. Any other marking may be affixed to the machinery provided that the visibility and legibility of the CE marking is not thereby reduced.

    3. Нанесение маркировок на машинное оборудование таким образом, что это может ввести в заблуждение относительно значения и формы маркировки "СЕ", запрещено. Любые другие маркировки могут быть нанесены на машинное оборудование таким образом, чтобы не мешать видимости и различимости маркировки "СЕ".

    4. Without prejudice to Article 7:
    (a) where a Member State establishes that the CE marking has been affixed unduly, the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community shall be obliged to make the product conform as regards the provisions concerning the CE marking and to end the infringement under the conditions imposed by the Member State;

    (b) where non-conformity continues, the Member State must take all appropriate measures to restrict or prohibit the placing on the market of the product in question or to ensure that it is withdrawn from the market in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 7.

    4. Без ограничения применения Статьи 7:
    (a) если Государство - член устанавливает, что маркировка "СЕ" была нанесена неправильно, изготовитель или его уполномоченный представитель в Сообществе будет обязан привести продукцию в соответствии с положениями, касающимися маркировки "СЕ" и положить конец нарушениям на условиях, установленных Государством - членом;

    (b) если такое несоответствие будет продолжаться, то Государство - член должно принять все соответствующие меры для ограничения или запрещения поставки на рынок такой продукции, либо обеспечить изъятие ее с рынка в соответствии с процедурами, изложенными в Статье 7.

    CHAPTER IV
    FINAL PROVISIONS
    Article 11

    Any decision taken pursuant to this Directive which restricts the placing on the market and putting into service of machinery or a safety component shall state the exact grounds on which it is based. Such a decision shall be notified as soon as possible to the party concerned, who shall at the same time be informed of the legal remedies available to him under the laws in force in the Member State concerned and of the time limits to which such remedies are subject.

    ГЛАВА IV
    ЗАКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ
    Статья 11

    Любое решение, принятое в исполнение настоящей Директивы, ограничивающее поставку на рынок и ввод в эксплуатацию машинного оборудования или компонентов безопасности, должно указывать точные причины, на которых оно основано. Такое решение должно быть по возможности быстро доведено до сведения заинтересованных сторон, их также следует проинформировать о законных мерах, которые могут быть предприняты по действующему законодательству в соответствующем Государстве - члене и о сроках, в которые данные меры применяются.

    Article 12
    The Commission will take the necessary steps to have information on all the relevant decisions relating to the management of this Directive made available.

    Статья 12
    Комиссия предпримет все необходимые шаги для получения информации по всем соответствующим решениям, касающимся применения и распространения настоящей Директивы.

    Article 13
    1. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field governed by this Directive.

    2. The Commission shall, before 1 January 1994, examine the progress made in the standardisation work relating to this Directive and propose any appropriate measures.

    Статья 13
    1. Государства - члены должны передать Комиссии тексты положений национальных законодательных актов, принимаемых в сфере, определяемой настоящей Директивой.

    2. Комиссия должна до 1 января 1994 г. изучить развитие работ по стандартизации, относящиеся к области действия настоящей Директивы и предложить любые целесообразные меры.

    Тематики

    EN

     

    машины
    оборудование


    [Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва]

    машины
    Машина представляет собой аппарат, использующий или применяющий механическую энергию, состоящий из нескольких частей — каждая со своими определенными функциями, которые вместе выполняют некоторые виды работ. Для целей анализа это понятие включает отдельные машины или наборы машин. См. Машины и оборудование (МСО)
    [ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

     

    машины и оборудование

    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    машины и оборудование
    МСО
    Часть основных фондов компании (предприятия), которая включает устройства, преобразующие энергию, материалы и информацию. В аналитической и оценочной практике в общее понятие М. и о. включаются отдельно оцениваемые установки, машины, оборудование и транспортные средства, подразделяемые на виды, а каждый вид – на марки (последним термином для краткости можно обозначать разные модели и модификации машины). Разные марки машин одного вида используются для одних и тех же целей: они способны производить одну и ту же продукцию, выполнять одни и те же работы или оказывать одни и те же услуги ( в противном случае их надо относить в другому виду машин), а следовательно, «взаимозаменяемы» и являются товарами, конкурирующими между собой на рынке Рынок машин каждого вида делится на первичный (новые М..) и вторичный (бывшие в эксплуатации), для которых применяются разные оценочные приемы и инструменты.. М.и о. являются главным объектом инвестирования при разработке и реализации инвестиционного проекта, и, соответственно, одним из основных элементов оценки инвестиционных проектов. Важно, что в отличие от ценных бумаг, акций, М.и о. являются объектами реальных инвестиций, а не финансовых инвестиций.
    [ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

    EN

    machinery
    A group of parts or machines arranged to perform a useful function. (Source: MGH)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    механизм
    Совокупность подвижно соединённых звеньев, совершающих под действием приложенных сил заранее определённые целесообразные движения
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

    машины, механизмы

    Совокупность связанных между собой частей и устройств, как минимум одно из которых движется, имеет соответствующий привод, органы управления и энергетические узлы, соединенные вместе для определенного применения, например для обработки, переработки, производства, транспортирования или упаковки материалов.
    Термины «машина» и «механизм» также распространяются на совокупность машин, которые размещаются и управляются таким образом, чтобы функционировать как единое целое.
    Примечание
    В приложении А приведено общее схематическое изображение машины.
    [ ГОСТ Р ИСО 12100-1:2007]

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    оборудование
    Совокупность связанных между собой частей или устройств, из которых по крайней мере одно движется, а также элементы привода, управления и энергетические узлы, которые предназначены для определенного применения, в частности для обработки, производства, перемещения или упаковки материала. К термину «оборудование» относят также машину и совокупность машин, которые так устроены и управляемы, что они функционируют как единое целое для достижения одной и той же цели.
    [ГОСТ ЕН 1070-2003]

    оборудование
    -

    [IEV number 151-11-25 ]

    оборудование
    Оснащение, материалы, приспособления, устройства, механизмы, приборы, инструменты и другие принадлежности, используемые в качестве частей электрической установки или в соединении с ней.
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60204-1-2007]

    EN

    equipment
    single apparatus or set of devices or apparatuses, or the set of main devices of an installation, or all devices necessary to perform a specific task
    NOTE – Examples of equipment are a power transformer, the equipment of a substation, measuring equipment.
    [IEV number 151-11-25 ]

    equipment
    material, fittings, devices, components, appliances, fixtures, apparatus, and the like used as part of, or in connection with, the electrical equipment of machines
    [IEC 60204-1-2006]

    FR

    équipement, m
    matériel, m
    appareil unique ou ensemble de dispositifs ou appareils, ou ensemble des dispositifs principaux d'une installation, ou ensemble des dispositifs nécessaires à l'accomplissement d'une tâche particulière
    NOTE – Des exemples d’équipement ou de matériel sont un transformateur de puissance, l’équipement d’une sous-station, un équipement de mesure.
    [IEV number 151-11-25]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    организационный аппарат

    [ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]

    Тематики

    • электросвязь, основные понятия

    EN

    3.26 машины (machinery): Устройство, состоящее из соединенных между собой частей или компонентов, по крайней мере, один из которых движется, с соответствующими исполнительными механизмами, силовыми цепями и цепями управления и т.д., объединенных вместе в целях конкретного применения, в частности, для обработки, переработки, перемещения или упаковки материала (материал означает эквивалент вещества или изделия).

    Термин «машины» одновременно означает совокупность машин и механизмов, которые для достижения одной и той же цели установлены и управляются таким образом, что они функционируют как единое целое.

    Источник: ГОСТ Р ЕН 1127-2-2009: Взрывоопасные среды. Взрывозащита и предотвращение взрыва. Часть 2. Основополагающая концепция и методология (для подземных выработок)

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > machinery

  • 22 use

    I [ju:z] verb
    1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!) bruge
    2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.) bruge
    - used
    - user
    - user-friendly
    - user guide
    - be used to something
    - be used to
    - used to
    II [ju:s]
    1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.) brug
    2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.) anvendelsesmulighed; brug
    3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.) til gavn
    4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.) brug
    5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.) brugsret; lov til at bruge
    - usefulness
    - usefully
    - useless
    - be in use
    - out of use
    - come in useful
    - have no use for
    - it's no use
    - make good use of
    - make use of
    - put to good use
    - put to use
    * * *
    I [ju:z] verb
    1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!) bruge
    2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.) bruge
    - used
    - user
    - user-friendly
    - user guide
    - be used to something
    - be used to
    - used to
    II [ju:s]
    1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.) brug
    2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.) anvendelsesmulighed; brug
    3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.) til gavn
    4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.) brug
    5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.) brugsret; lov til at bruge
    - usefulness
    - usefully
    - useless
    - be in use
    - out of use
    - come in useful
    - have no use for
    - it's no use
    - make good use of
    - make use of
    - put to good use
    - put to use

    English-Danish dictionary > use

  • 23 de nacimiento

    from birth
    éste es tonto de nacimiento what a stupid idiot!
    * * *
    (adj.) = from birth, innately, inborn, native-born
    Ex. Contrary to popular belief, people who have been deaf from birth are not indifferent to aesthetic literature.
    Ex. Innately conservative Muslims prefer to exclude Western infiltration and influence.
    Ex. Most cerebral aneurysms are congenital, resulting from an inborn abnormality in an artery wall.
    Ex. Rapid increases in the foreign-born population at the state level are not associated with negative effects on the employment of native-born workers.
    * * *
    (adj.) = from birth, innately, inborn, native-born

    Ex: Contrary to popular belief, people who have been deaf from birth are not indifferent to aesthetic literature.

    Ex: Innately conservative Muslims prefer to exclude Western infiltration and influence.
    Ex: Most cerebral aneurysms are congenital, resulting from an inborn abnormality in an artery wall.
    Ex: Rapid increases in the foreign-born population at the state level are not associated with negative effects on the employment of native-born workers.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de nacimiento

  • 24 director

    adj.
    director, directing.
    m.
    1 director, leader, principal.
    2 superintendent, manager, officer.
    3 conductor, orchestra conductor.
    4 warden.
    5 headmaster, head teacher.
    * * *
    1 directing, managing
    nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 director, manager
    2 (de colegio - hombre) headmaster; (mujer) headmistress
    5 (de cárcel) governor
    6 (de orquesta) conductor
    \
    director,-ra de cine film director
    director,-ra de escena stage manager
    director espiritual father confessor
    director,-ra gerente managing director
    * * *
    (f. - directora)
    noun
    director, manager, head, headmaster
    * * *
    director, -a
    1.
    ADJ [consejo, junta] governing; [principio] guiding
    2. SM / F
    1) (=responsable) [de centro escolar] headteacher, headmaster/headmistress, principal; [de periódico, revista] editor; (Cine, TV) director; [de orquesta] conductor; [de hospital] manager, administrator; [de prisión] governor, warden (EEUU)

    director(a) artístico/a — artistic director

    director(a) de departamento — (Univ) head of department

    director(a) de funeraria — undertaker, funeral director, mortician (EEUU)

    director(a) de interiores — (TV) studio director

    director(a) de tesis — thesis supervisor, research supervisor

    2) (Com) (=gerente) manager; [de mayor responsabilidad] director

    director(a) adjunto/a — assistant manager

    director(a) ejecutivo/a — executive director, managing director

    director(a) técnico/a — technical manager

    3.
    SM
    (Rel)
    * * *
    - tora masculino, femenino
    a) ( de escuela) (m) head teacher, principal (AmE), headmaster (BrE); (f) head teacher, principal (AmE), headmistress (BrE); (de periódico, revista) editor (in chief); ( de hospital) administrator; ( de prisión) warden (AmE), governor (BrE)
    b) (Com) ( gerente) manager; ( miembro de junta directiva) director, executive
    c) (Cin, Teatr) director
    * * *
    = chairman [chairmen, pl.], chairperson [chairpersons, -pl.], chief, chief librarian, director, head, manager [manageress, -fem.], headmaster, office manager, business manager, chair.
    Ex. As head of a committee, and being recognized as such, it's perfectly all right with me if I'm called the chairman rather than the chairwoman.
    Ex. Special thanks to the ISAD Program Planning Committee, in particular its chairperson, for the conceptual organization.
    Ex. He subsequently served as chief of that Division, chief of the Serial Record Division, Assistant Director for Cataloging of the Processing Department, Director of the Processing Department, and Assistant Librarian of Processing Services.
    Ex. The chief librarian or director of libraries, by which title the post is sometimes now known, will in general be fully occupied with making decisions on internal professional policy, committee work, and administration and management in the widest sense.
    Ex. Hugh C, Atkinson, director of the University of Illinois Libraries, has consistently been in the forefront in applying automation to traditional library problems and services.
    Ex. She began her career at Central Missouri State University where she was head of the Documents Depository.
    Ex. Such hosts are more likely to be accessed by end-users such as economists and managers, than information workers.
    Ex. The author played a large part in the successful establishment of the school library when her husband became headmaster = La autora desempeñó un gran papel en la creación de la biblioteca escolar cuando su esposo fue nombrado director.
    Ex. This department is headed by a general office manager who has a staff of bookkeepers, billing clerks, comptrollers, and secretaries.
    Ex. Watman wondered how the profession would react to the idea of a business manager instead of assistant.
    Ex. Once elected, the chair is responsible for maintaining discipline and ensuring that all students are treated fairly.
    ----
    * cargo de director = directorship.
    * cartas al director = letter to the editor.
    * Conferencia de Directores de Bibliotecas Nacionales (CDNL) = Conference of Directors of National Libraries (CDNL).
    * directora conjunta = co-chairperson.
    * director adjunto = assistant director, deputy director, joint director.
    * director artístico = art director.
    * director cinematográfico = film director.
    * director comercial = marketing executive, chief commercial officer.
    * director conjunto = co-chairperson.
    * director de biblioteca = library director.
    * director de cine = film director.
    * director de curso = course leader.
    * director de departamento = department head.
    * director de empresa = company director.
    * director de escuela = school principal.
    * director de filial = branch head.
    * director de finanzas = finance director.
    * director de funeraria = funeral director, undertaker, mortician.
    * director de la biblioteca = head librarian.
    * director de marketing = marketing executive.
    * director de museo = curator.
    * director de operaciones = chief operating officer (COO), director for operations.
    * director de orquesta = conductor.
    * director de periódico = newspaper editor.
    * director de pompas fúnebres = undertaker, funeral director, mortician.
    * director de prisión = prison warden.
    * director de tesis = PhD supervisor, dissertation adviser, dissertation supervisor, thesis supervisor, thesis adviser, research supervisor.
    * director ejecutivo = executive director, executive officer, chief executive officer (CEO), managing director, chief executive.
    * director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.
    * director, el = principal.
    * director financiero = finance director, chief financial officer.
    * director general = executive director, Director-General, executive officer, chief executive officer (CEO), chief executive, senior director.
    * director principal = senior director.
    * partichela de piano director, violín director, etc = piano/violin, etc. conductor part.
    * subdirector = assistant director.
    * * *
    - tora masculino, femenino
    a) ( de escuela) (m) head teacher, principal (AmE), headmaster (BrE); (f) head teacher, principal (AmE), headmistress (BrE); (de periódico, revista) editor (in chief); ( de hospital) administrator; ( de prisión) warden (AmE), governor (BrE)
    b) (Com) ( gerente) manager; ( miembro de junta directiva) director, executive
    c) (Cin, Teatr) director
    * * *
    el director

    Ex: Anthony read the handwritten note he found in his mailbox from the principal of the high school at which he had been employed as head of the school media program for one month.

    = chairman [chairmen, pl.], chairperson [chairpersons, -pl.], chief, chief librarian, director, head, manager [manageress, -fem.], headmaster, office manager, business manager, chair.

    Ex: As head of a committee, and being recognized as such, it's perfectly all right with me if I'm called the chairman rather than the chairwoman.

    Ex: Special thanks to the ISAD Program Planning Committee, in particular its chairperson, for the conceptual organization.
    Ex: He subsequently served as chief of that Division, chief of the Serial Record Division, Assistant Director for Cataloging of the Processing Department, Director of the Processing Department, and Assistant Librarian of Processing Services.
    Ex: The chief librarian or director of libraries, by which title the post is sometimes now known, will in general be fully occupied with making decisions on internal professional policy, committee work, and administration and management in the widest sense.
    Ex: Hugh C, Atkinson, director of the University of Illinois Libraries, has consistently been in the forefront in applying automation to traditional library problems and services.
    Ex: She began her career at Central Missouri State University where she was head of the Documents Depository.
    Ex: Such hosts are more likely to be accessed by end-users such as economists and managers, than information workers.
    Ex: The author played a large part in the successful establishment of the school library when her husband became headmaster = La autora desempeñó un gran papel en la creación de la biblioteca escolar cuando su esposo fue nombrado director.
    Ex: This department is headed by a general office manager who has a staff of bookkeepers, billing clerks, comptrollers, and secretaries.
    Ex: Watman wondered how the profession would react to the idea of a business manager instead of assistant.
    Ex: Once elected, the chair is responsible for maintaining discipline and ensuring that all students are treated fairly.
    * cargo de director = directorship.
    * cartas al director = letter to the editor.
    * Conferencia de Directores de Bibliotecas Nacionales (CDNL) = Conference of Directors of National Libraries (CDNL).
    * directora conjunta = co-chairperson.
    * director adjunto = assistant director, deputy director, joint director.
    * director artístico = art director.
    * director cinematográfico = film director.
    * director comercial = marketing executive, chief commercial officer.
    * director conjunto = co-chairperson.
    * director de biblioteca = library director.
    * director de cine = film director.
    * director de curso = course leader.
    * director de departamento = department head.
    * director de empresa = company director.
    * director de escuela = school principal.
    * director de filial = branch head.
    * director de finanzas = finance director.
    * director de funeraria = funeral director, undertaker, mortician.
    * director de la biblioteca = head librarian.
    * director de marketing = marketing executive.
    * director de museo = curator.
    * director de operaciones = chief operating officer (COO), director for operations.
    * director de orquesta = conductor.
    * director de periódico = newspaper editor.
    * director de pompas fúnebres = undertaker, funeral director, mortician.
    * director de prisión = prison warden.
    * director de tesis = PhD supervisor, dissertation adviser, dissertation supervisor, thesis supervisor, thesis adviser, research supervisor.
    * director ejecutivo = executive director, executive officer, chief executive officer (CEO), managing director, chief executive.
    * director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.
    * director, el = principal.
    * director financiero = finance director, chief financial officer.
    * director general = executive director, Director-General, executive officer, chief executive officer (CEO), chief executive, senior director.
    * director principal = senior director.
    * partichela de piano director, violín director, etc = piano/violin, etc. conductor part.
    * subdirector = assistant director.

    * * *
    masculine, feminine
    1 (de una escuela) ( masculine) head teacher, principal ( AmE), headmaster ( BrE); ( feminine) head teacher, principal ( AmE), headmistress ( BrE); (de un periódico, una revista) editor, editor in chief; (de un hospital) administrator; (de una prisión) warden ( AmE), governor ( BrE)
    2 ( Com) (gerente) manager; (miembro de la junta directiva) director, executive
    3 ( Cin, Teatr) director
    Compuestos:
    director adjunto, directora adjunta
    masculine, feminine deputy director
    director/directora de división
    masculine, feminine divisional director
    director/directora de escena
    masculine, feminine stage manager
    director/directora de orquesta
    masculine, feminine conductor
    director/directora de ventas
    masculine, feminine sales manager o director
    director ejecutivo, directora ejecutiva
    masculine, feminine executive director
    masculine father confessor
    director/directora general
    masculine, feminine (de una empresa) general manager; (de un organismo oficial) director-general
    director/directora gerente
    masculine, feminine managing director
    director técnico, directora técnica
    masculine, feminine ( AmL) head coach ( AmE), manager ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    director
    ◊ - tora sustantivo masculino, femenino

    a) ( de escuela) (m) head teacher, principal (AmE), headmaster (BrE);

    (f) head teacher, principal (AmE), headmistress (BrE);
    (de periódico, revista) editor (in chief);
    ( de hospital) administrator;
    ( de prisión) warden (AmE), governor (BrE)
    b) (Com) ( gerente) manager;

    ( miembro de junta directiva) director, executive;

    c) (Cin, Teatr) director;


    director,-ora sustantivo masculino y femenino
    1 director
    (de un colegio) head teacher, US principal
    (de un periódico) editor
    2 (de una película, musical) director
    (de orquesta) conductor
    ' director' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    achuchar
    - cineasta
    - consejera
    - consejero
    - definitivamente
    - desear
    - dirección
    - directiva
    - directivo
    - directora
    - dtor
    - entrante
    - fiscal
    - galerista
    - general
    - proyecto
    - realizador
    - realizadora
    - sazón
    - script
    - subdirector
    - subdirectora
    - adjunto
    - interino
    - jefe
    - llegar
    - secretario
    - señor
    English:
    advertise
    - climax
    - conductor
    - deputy
    - director
    - dismiss
    - distrust
    - film
    - film maker
    - governor
    - head
    - headmaster
    - hook
    - manager
    - managing
    - MD
    - meeting
    - mgr
    - Postmaster General
    - president
    - principal
    - producer
    - put through
    - showman
    - stage director
    - stage manager
    - superintendent
    - act
    - ask
    - coach
    - controller
    - editor
    - editorial
    - elevate
    - funeral
    - instigation
    - managing director
    - mortician
    - movie
    - stage
    - take
    - warden
    * * *
    director, -ora nm,f
    1. [de empresa] director;
    [de hotel, hospital, banco] manager, f manageress; [de periódico] editor; [de colegio] Br headmaster, f headmistress, US principal; [de cárcel] Br governor, US warden director adjunto associate o deputy director;
    director comercial marketing manager;
    director ejecutivo executive director;
    director espiritual spiritual director;
    director financiero finance o financial director, US chief financial officer;
    director en funciones acting manager;
    director general general manager;
    director gerente managing director, chief executive, esp US chief executive officer;
    director de recursos humanos human resources manager;
    director técnico [en fútbol] director of football;
    director de tesis supervisor;
    director de ventas sales director o manager
    2. [de obra artística] director
    director artístico artistic director;
    director de cine movie o Br film director;
    director de circo ringmaster;
    director de escena producer, stage manager;
    director de fotografía director of photography;
    director musical musical director;
    * * *
    I adj leading
    II m, directora f
    1 de empresa manager
    2 EDU principal, Br
    head (teacher)
    3 TEA, de película director
    * * *
    1) : director, manager, head
    2) : conductor (of an orchestra)
    * * *
    1. (de cine) director
    2. (de empresa, banco) manager
    3. (de colegio) head / headteacher
    4. (de periódico) editor

    Spanish-English dictionary > director

  • 25 empleado

    adj.
    employed.
    f. & m.
    employee, salaried employee, jobholder, member of staff of firm.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: emplear.
    * * *
    nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 employee, clerk
    \
    empleado,-a de hogar servant
    * * *
    1. (f. - empleada)
    noun
    employee, employee
    2. (f. - empleada)
    adj.
    * * *
    empleado, -a
    SM / F [gen] employee; (=oficinista) clerk, office worker

    empleada del hogar — servant, maid

    empleado/a bancario/a, empleado/a de banco — bank clerk

    empleado/a de correos — post-office worker

    empleado/a de cuello y corbata — Cono Sur white-collar worker

    empleado/a de finca urbana — porter, concierge

    empleado/a de pompas fúnebres — undertaker's assistant, mortician's assistant (EEUU)

    empleado/a de ventanilla — booking office clerk, counter clerk

    empleado/a público/a — civil servant

    * * *
    - da masculino, femenino
    a) ( trabajador) employee
    b) ( en oficina) office o clerical worker; ( en banco) bank clerk, teller; ( en tienda) (AmL) clerk (AmE), shop assistant (BrE)
    * * *
    = employee, clerk, staffer, worker, staff member, member of the staff, attendant.
    Ex. LIBR (short for library) is used in English-speaking faculty members or employees who wish to access the library from their own terminals.
    Ex. The cataloguer is expected to find to correct form and write it on a worksheet, so that it can be entered by the clerk doing the keypunching.
    Ex. The increasing involvement of staffers in electronic information products has had only a modest impact on how journalists do their jobs.
    Ex. At our library in Minnesota we have clearly identified material that deals with mudpies, leprechauns, senior power, red power, the Chinese New Year, prisoners' rights, and workers' control.
    Ex. This allows the faculty or staff member to identify his primary library for searching purposes.
    Ex. There were at the time about 90 patients and 80 members of the staff with their families in the building.
    Ex. Other libraries allow bags to be brought in but an attendant is employed to check the contents as the reader leaves the library.
    ----
    * basado en el empleado = employee-centered.
    * despedir a un empleado = dismiss + employee.
    * empleado de correos = post office clerk.
    * empleado de funeraria = mortician.
    * empleado de la compañía suministradora de agua = water board engineer, water board engineer.
    * empleado del estado = state employee.
    * empleado del gobierno = government employee.
    * empleado de librería = bookstore clerk.
    * empleado de línea aérea = airline official.
    * empleado en = in evidence in, in evidence in.
    * empleado que no tiene una tarea asignada fija = floater.
    * empleados = personnel, staff.
    * pluriempleado = multiple job holder.
    * prestación al empleado = employee benefit.
    * * *
    - da masculino, femenino
    a) ( trabajador) employee
    b) ( en oficina) office o clerical worker; ( en banco) bank clerk, teller; ( en tienda) (AmL) clerk (AmE), shop assistant (BrE)
    * * *
    = employee, clerk, staffer, worker, staff member, member of the staff, attendant.

    Ex: LIBR (short for library) is used in English-speaking faculty members or employees who wish to access the library from their own terminals.

    Ex: The cataloguer is expected to find to correct form and write it on a worksheet, so that it can be entered by the clerk doing the keypunching.
    Ex: The increasing involvement of staffers in electronic information products has had only a modest impact on how journalists do their jobs.
    Ex: At our library in Minnesota we have clearly identified material that deals with mudpies, leprechauns, senior power, red power, the Chinese New Year, prisoners' rights, and workers' control.
    Ex: This allows the faculty or staff member to identify his primary library for searching purposes.
    Ex: There were at the time about 90 patients and 80 members of the staff with their families in the building.
    Ex: Other libraries allow bags to be brought in but an attendant is employed to check the contents as the reader leaves the library.
    * basado en el empleado = employee-centered.
    * despedir a un empleado = dismiss + employee.
    * empleado de correos = post office clerk.
    * empleado de funeraria = mortician.
    * empleado de la compañía suministradora de agua = water board engineer, water board engineer.
    * empleado del estado = state employee.
    * empleado del gobierno = government employee.
    * empleado de librería = bookstore clerk.
    * empleado de línea aérea = airline official.
    * empleado en = in evidence in, in evidence in.
    * empleado que no tiene una tarea asignada fija = floater.
    * empleados = personnel, staff.
    * pluriempleado = multiple job holder.
    * prestación al empleado = employee benefit.

    * * *
    masculine, feminine
    1 (trabajador) employee
    la empresa tiene una plantilla de 300 empleados the firm has a staff of 300 o has 300 employees, the firm employs 300 people
    los empleados de esta empresa this company's employees, the people who work for this company
    se ruega notificar a todos los empleados please notify all members of staff
    2 (en una oficina) office o clerical worker; (en un banco) bank clerk, teller; (en una tienda) clerk ( AmE), shop assistant ( BrE)
    Compuestos:
    empleado bancario, empleada bancaria
    masculine, feminine bank clerk
    empleado de hogar, empleada de hogar
    masculine, feminine ( Esp frml) domestic servant ( frml)
    empleado del Estado, empleada del Estado
    masculine, feminine civil servant
    empleado público, empleada pública
    masculine, feminine civil servant
    * * *

     

    Del verbo emplear: ( conjugate emplear)

    empleado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    empleado    
    emplear
    empleado
    ◊ -da sustantivo masculino, femenino



    empleado público civil servant
    b) ( en oficina) office o clerical worker;

    ( en banco) bank clerk, teller;
    ( en tienda) (AmL) clerk (AmE), shop assistant (BrE)
    emplear ( conjugate emplear) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) [empresa/organización] to employ

    b) ( colocar) ‹hijo/sobrinoto fix … up with a job

    2 ( usar) ‹energía/imaginación/material to use
    emplearse verbo pronominal (esp AmL) to get a job
    empleado,-a sustantivo masculino y femenino employee
    (administrativo, funcionario) clerk
    empleada de hogar, domestic servant
    ♦ Locuciones: estar bien empleado (reproche): te está bien empleado, it serves you right
    dar por bien empleado, to be worth it
    emplear verbo transitivo
    1 (utilizar) to use
    (esfuerzo, tiempo) to spend: empleó varias horas en terminar el dibujo, it took him a few hours to finish the picture
    2 (a un trabajador) to employ
    ' empleado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    antigua
    - antiguo
    - botones
    - despachar
    - despedir
    - empleada
    - rebajar
    - trasladar
    - ascender
    - ascenso
    - burocrático
    - chico
    - contratar
    - desahuciar
    - fijo
    - función
    - funcionario
    - guardia
    - informe
    - postergar
    - probar
    - propina
    - rendir
    - sanción
    - sancionar
    - serio
    - suspender
    English:
    buy off
    - clerk
    - deserve
    - discharge
    - dismiss
    - dismissal
    - employee
    - forge
    - godsend
    - in-service
    - man
    - member
    - recruit
    - regular
    - reinstate
    - sign
    - sign on
    - staff
    - suspension
    - temporary
    - terminate
    - travel agent
    - unpaid
    - well-spent
    - white-collar
    - with
    - assistant
    - day
    - news
    - office
    - serve
    - shop
    - temp
    - trainee
    * * *
    empleado, -a adj
    ahí el subjuntivo está mal empleado the subjunctive is used incorrectly there;
    dar algo por bien empleado: dio por bien empleado el esfuerzo he thought it had been well worth the effort;
    si lo consigo, daré por bien empleado el tiempo if I manage to do it, I'll regard it as time well spent;
    Esp
    lo tiene o [m5] le está bien empleado he deserves it, it serves him right
    empleado, -a nm,f
    [asalariado] employee; [de banco, oficina] clerk;
    está de empleado en una tienda/fábrica de ropa he works in a clothes shop/clothing factory;
    consultaron la propuesta con los empleados they discussed the proposal with the staff;
    sólo empleados y personal autorizado [en letrero] staff and authorized personnel only
    empleado de banca bank clerk;
    empleado del estado civil servant;
    Méx empleado de planta permanent employee;
    empleado público public employee
    * * *
    I adj
    1
    :
    le está bien empleado it serves him right
    2
    :
    dar algo por bien empleado consider sth well worthwhile;
    doy el dinero/tiempo por bien empleado I consider it money/time well spent
    II m, empleada f employee;
    empleado a tiempo parcial part-time employee
    * * *
    empleado, -da n
    : employee
    * * *
    1. (en general) employee
    2. (de oficina) clerk

    Spanish-English dictionary > empleado

  • 26 nacido en el país

    (adj.) = native-born
    Ex. Rapid increases in the foreign-born population at the state level are not associated with negative effects on the employment of native-born workers.
    * * *
    (adj.) = native-born

    Ex: Rapid increases in the foreign-born population at the state level are not associated with negative effects on the employment of native-born workers.

    Spanish-English dictionary > nacido en el país

  • 27 natural del país

    (adj.) = native-born
    Ex. Rapid increases in the foreign-born population at the state level are not associated with negative effects on the employment of native-born workers.
    * * *
    (adj.) = native-born

    Ex: Rapid increases in the foreign-born population at the state level are not associated with negative effects on the employment of native-born workers.

    Spanish-English dictionary > natural del país

  • 28 parar

    v.
    1 to stop.
    ¿paramos a o para comer algo? shall we stop and o to have something to eat?
    parar de hacer algo to stop doing something
    no para de molestarme he keeps annoying me
    ¡para ya! stop it!
    ¡para ya de hacer ruido! stop that noise!
    ¡no para quieto un momento! he won't stay still for a single moment!
    sin parar non-stop
    Ella paró el tren She stopped the train.
    Ella paró la pelea She stopped=suspended the fight.
    El tren paró de repente The train stopped suddenly.
    2 to stay.
    3 to end up.
    ¿en qué parará este lío? where will it all end?
    ir a parar a to end up in
    ¿dónde habrán ido a parar mis gafas? where can my glasses have got to?
    4 to go on strike. ( Latin American Spanish)
    5 to raise. ( Latin American Spanish)
    6 to put in a vertical position, to lift up, to put erect.
    Ella paró la escalera She put the ladder erect.
    * * *
    1 to stop
    2 DEPORTE to save, catch
    1 to stop
    ¡para de gritar! stop shouting!
    2 (alojarse) to stay
    ¿dónde estás parando? where are you staying?
    3 (hallarse) to be
    4 (llegar) to lead; (acabar) to end up
    1 to stop
    \
    no parar (quieto,-a) (ser activo, viajar) to be always be on the go 2 (ser inquieto) not to stop moving
    pararse a to stop to
    pararse en seco to stop dead
    sin parar nonstop
    ¿dónde vamos a parar? what's the world coming to?
    * * *
    verb
    2) halt
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ persona, coche, respiración] to stop
    2) [+ tiro, penalti, gol] to save, stop; [+ pase] to intercept, cut off; [+ golpe] to ward off; (Esgrima) to parry
    3) [+ atención] to fix (en on)
    mientes
    4) (Naipes) to bet, stake
    5) (=conducir) to lead
    6) (=arreglar) to prepare, arrange
    7) LAm (=levantar) to raise; (=poner de pie) to stand upright
    8)

    pararla con algn And * to take it out on sb

    2. VI
    1) (=detenerse, terminar) to stop

    ¡pare! — stop!

    ¡no para! siempre está haciendo algo — he never stops! he's always doing something

    ¡y no para! — [hablante] he just goes on and on!

    no parará hasta conseguirlohe won't stop o give up until he gets it

    parar en secoto stop dead

    sin parar, los teléfonos sonaban sin parar — the phones never stopped ringing

    fumaba sin parar — she smoked non-stop, she chain-smoked

    ¡dónde va a parar! *

    es mucho mejor este ¡dónde va a parar! — this one's much better, there's no comparison!

    2)

    parar de hacer algo — to stop doing sth

    no para de quejarse — he never stops complaining, he complains all the time

    3)

    ir a parar — to end up

    ¿dónde habrá ido a parar todo aquel dinero? — what can have become of o happened to all that money?

    ¿dónde vamos a ir a parar? — where's it all going to end?, what is the world coming to?

    4) (=hospedarse) to stay (en at)
    5) (=hacer huelga) to go on strike
    6)

    parar con algn And * to hang about with sb

    7) [perro] to point
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( detenerse) to stop

    dónde vas a parar! — (Esp fam) there's no comparison!

    ir/venir a parar — to end up

    ¿a dónde habrá ido a parar aquella foto? — what can have happened to that photo?

    a dónde iremos a parar!I don't know what the world's coming to

    2) ( cesar) to stop

    parar DE + INF — to stop -ing

    y para de contar — (fam) and that's it

    3) ( hospedarse) to stay; (en bar, club) (fam) to hang out (colloq)
    4) (AmL) obreros/empleados to go on strike
    2.
    parar vt
    1)
    a) <coche/tráfico/persona> to stop; <motor/máquina> to stop, switch off

    cuando se pone a hablar no hay quien lo pare — once he starts talking, there's no stopping him

    b) < hemorragia> to stanch (AmE), to staunch (BrE)
    c) <balón/tiro> to save, stop; < golpe> to block, ward off

    pararla(s) — (Chi, Per fam) to catch on (colloq)

    ¿no la(s) paras? — don't you get it? (colloq)

    2) (AmL)
    a) ( poner de pie) to stand
    b) ( poner vertical) <vaso/libro> to stand... up
    3.
    pararse v pron
    1) ( detenerse)
    a) persona to stop

    ¿te has parado alguna vez a pensar por qué? — have you ever stopped to think why?

    b) reloj/máquina to stop; coche/motor to stall
    2)
    a) (AmL) ( ponerse de pie) to stand up

    ¿te puedes parar de cabeza/de manos? — can you do headstands/handstands?

    b) (AmL) pelo ( hacia arriba) to stick up; ( en los lados) to stick out
    c) (Méx, Ven) ( levantarse de la cama) to get up
    3) (Chi) (Rels Labs) obreros/empleados to (go on) strike
    * * *
    = halt, stop, check, break off, shut down, pull up, go + cold turkey, leave off, give + it a rest, let + it drop, pull over, stop over.
    Ex. Consequently, a freeze-frame or still-picture effect can be achieved by simply halting the movement of the head across the disc.
    Ex. Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.
    Ex. They concluded that 'our citizens may rationally prefer to check crime and disorder by ounces of educational prevention, than by pounds of cure in the shape of large 'lockups' and expensive suits before the law'.
    Ex. During this period the compositors worked non-stop, breaking off only to eat, for the almost incredible period of fifty hours: two days and two nights without rest 'in an atmosphere that would poison a vulture'.
    Ex. Cyberattacks involve routers acting at a predesignated time or trigger time and flooding various targeted Web sites with data -- effectively shutting down the Web site.
    Ex. Trucks started pulling up every hour, day and night, to the library's loading dock and depositing heaps of unordered and unwanted books.
    Ex. Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.
    Ex. This book takes up the thread where Volume One left off.
    Ex. Anyway after a few minutes of being told to give it a rest, she let it drop.
    Ex. Anyway after a few minutes of being told to give it a rest, she let it drop.
    Ex. Since cops were given the go-ahead to pull over people for not wearing seat belts, state troopers have become creative about spotting scofflaws.
    Ex. With luck the lapwings will now be able to stop over in Syria without coming to further harm.
    ----
    * decir rápidamente sin parar = rattle off.
    * hablar sin parar = burble on.
    * no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.
    * on the go = on-the-go.
    * parar a un taxi = hail + a cab.
    * pararse = stall.
    * pararse a + Infinitivo = take + the time to + Infinitivo.
    * pararse a mitad de = stop in + midstream during.
    * pararse a pensar = pause + to think, step back, take + a step back.
    * pararse en el lado del camino = pull over.
    * pararse por completo = come to + a standstill, be at a standstill.
    * sin parar = steadily, non-stop, without a break, without (a) rest, without respite, without stopping.
    * sin parar a pensárselo = off-hand [offhand].
    * sin pararse a pensar = off-the-cuff, off the top of + Posesivo + head.
    * trabajar sin parar = work (a)round + the clock.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( detenerse) to stop

    dónde vas a parar! — (Esp fam) there's no comparison!

    ir/venir a parar — to end up

    ¿a dónde habrá ido a parar aquella foto? — what can have happened to that photo?

    a dónde iremos a parar!I don't know what the world's coming to

    2) ( cesar) to stop

    parar DE + INF — to stop -ing

    y para de contar — (fam) and that's it

    3) ( hospedarse) to stay; (en bar, club) (fam) to hang out (colloq)
    4) (AmL) obreros/empleados to go on strike
    2.
    parar vt
    1)
    a) <coche/tráfico/persona> to stop; <motor/máquina> to stop, switch off

    cuando se pone a hablar no hay quien lo pare — once he starts talking, there's no stopping him

    b) < hemorragia> to stanch (AmE), to staunch (BrE)
    c) <balón/tiro> to save, stop; < golpe> to block, ward off

    pararla(s) — (Chi, Per fam) to catch on (colloq)

    ¿no la(s) paras? — don't you get it? (colloq)

    2) (AmL)
    a) ( poner de pie) to stand
    b) ( poner vertical) <vaso/libro> to stand... up
    3.
    pararse v pron
    1) ( detenerse)
    a) persona to stop

    ¿te has parado alguna vez a pensar por qué? — have you ever stopped to think why?

    b) reloj/máquina to stop; coche/motor to stall
    2)
    a) (AmL) ( ponerse de pie) to stand up

    ¿te puedes parar de cabeza/de manos? — can you do headstands/handstands?

    b) (AmL) pelo ( hacia arriba) to stick up; ( en los lados) to stick out
    c) (Méx, Ven) ( levantarse de la cama) to get up
    3) (Chi) (Rels Labs) obreros/empleados to (go on) strike
    * * *
    = halt, stop, check, break off, shut down, pull up, go + cold turkey, leave off, give + it a rest, let + it drop, pull over, stop over.

    Ex: Consequently, a freeze-frame or still-picture effect can be achieved by simply halting the movement of the head across the disc.

    Ex: Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.
    Ex: They concluded that 'our citizens may rationally prefer to check crime and disorder by ounces of educational prevention, than by pounds of cure in the shape of large 'lockups' and expensive suits before the law'.
    Ex: During this period the compositors worked non-stop, breaking off only to eat, for the almost incredible period of fifty hours: two days and two nights without rest 'in an atmosphere that would poison a vulture'.
    Ex: Cyberattacks involve routers acting at a predesignated time or trigger time and flooding various targeted Web sites with data -- effectively shutting down the Web site.
    Ex: Trucks started pulling up every hour, day and night, to the library's loading dock and depositing heaps of unordered and unwanted books.
    Ex: Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.
    Ex: This book takes up the thread where Volume One left off.
    Ex: Anyway after a few minutes of being told to give it a rest, she let it drop.
    Ex: Anyway after a few minutes of being told to give it a rest, she let it drop.
    Ex: Since cops were given the go-ahead to pull over people for not wearing seat belts, state troopers have become creative about spotting scofflaws.
    Ex: With luck the lapwings will now be able to stop over in Syria without coming to further harm.
    * decir rápidamente sin parar = rattle off.
    * hablar sin parar = burble on.
    * no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.
    * on the go = on-the-go.
    * parar a un taxi = hail + a cab.
    * pararse = stall.
    * pararse a + Infinitivo = take + the time to + Infinitivo.
    * pararse a mitad de = stop in + midstream during.
    * pararse a pensar = pause + to think, step back, take + a step back.
    * pararse en el lado del camino = pull over.
    * pararse por completo = come to + a standstill, be at a standstill.
    * sin parar = steadily, non-stop, without a break, without (a) rest, without respite, without stopping.
    * sin parar a pensárselo = off-hand [offhand].
    * sin pararse a pensar = off-the-cuff, off the top of + Posesivo + head.
    * trabajar sin parar = work (a)round + the clock.

    * * *
    parar [A1 ]
    vi
    A (detenerse) to stop
    ¿el 65 para aquí? does the 65 stop here?
    paró en seco she stopped dead
    el autobús iba muy lleno y no nos paró the bus was very full and didn't stop for us
    ¡dónde vas a parar! ( fam); there's no comparison!
    ir a parar to end up
    si sigue así irá a parar a la cárcel if he goes on like this he'll end up in prison
    ¿a dónde habrá ido a parar aquella foto? what can have happened to that photograph? o where's that photograph got to?
    el documento fue a parar a manos de la policía the document found its way into o ended up in the hands of the police
    ¡a dónde vamos a ir a parar! I don't know what the world's coming to
    venir a parar to end up
    no sé cómo ha podido venir a parar aquí I don't know how it got in here o how it ended up in here
    B (cesar) to stop
    para un momento, que no te entiendo hang on a minute, I don't quite follow you
    el ruido no paró en toda la noche the noise didn't let up o stop all night
    no parará hasta lograr su meta she won't give up o stop until she's achieved her goal
    ha estado llorando toda la noche sin parar he hasn't stopped crying all night
    parar DE + INF to stop -ING
    aún no ha parado de llover it still hasn't stopped raining
    no para de comer she does nothing but eat, she never stops eating
    no para de criticar a los demás he's always criticizing others
    no parar ( fam): no para quieto ni un momento he can't keep still for a minute
    no he parado en toda la mañana I've been on the go all morning ( colloq)
    no pararás hasta que rompas algún cristal you won't be happy until you've broken a window
    no para en casa ni un momento she's never at home, she never spends any time at home
    y para de contar ( fam); and that's it, and that's the lot ( BrE)
    C
    1 (hospedarse) to stay
    siempre paramos en el mismo hotel we always stay at the same hotel
    2 ( fam) (en un bar, club) to hang out ( colloq)
    D ( AmL) «obreros/empleados» to go on strike
    los obreros de la construcción pararán el jueves construction workers are going on strike o are striking on Thursday
    pararon a mediodía they went on strike o ( BrE) they downed tools at noon
    ■ parar
    vt
    1 ‹coche› to stop; ‹motor/máquina› to stop, switch off
    paró el tráfico para que pasara la ambulancia he stopped the traffic to let the ambulance past
    2 ‹persona› to stop
    me paró para preguntarme la hora he stopped me to ask me the time
    cuando se pone a hablar no hay quien lo pare once he starts talking, there's no stopping him
    3 ‹hemorragia› to stanch ( AmE), to staunch ( BrE)
    4 ‹balón/tiro› to save, stop, block; ‹golpe› to block, ward off, parry
    pararla(s) (Chi, Per fam); to catch on ( colloq)
    de inmediato la(s) paró que querían robarle he caught on o twigged right away that they were out to rob him ( colloq)
    ¿no la(s) paras? don't you get it? ( colloq)
    B ( AmL)
    1 (poner de pie) to stand
    páralo en la silla para que vea mejor stand him on the chair so he can see better
    2 (poner vertical) ‹vaso/libro› to stand … up
    el perro paró las orejas the dog pricked up its ears
    1 «persona» to stop
    se paró a hablar con una vecina she stopped to talk to a neighbor
    ¿te has parado alguna vez a pensar por qué? have you ever stopped to think why?
    2 «reloj/máquina» to stop
    se me ha parado el reloj my watch has stopped
    el coche se nos paró en la cuesta the car stalled o the engine stopped as we were going up the hill
    B ( AmL)
    1 (ponerse de pie) to stand up
    párate derecho stand up straight
    se paró en una silla she stood on a chair
    los niños se pararon para saludar a la directora the children stood up to welcome the principal
    ¿te puedes parar de cabeza/de manos? can you do headstands/handstands?
    se paró de un salto y siguió corriendo she jumped up o jumped back onto her feet and carried on running
    pararse para toda la vida ( RPl fam); to be set up for life ( colloq)
    2
    ( AmL) «pelo»: se le paró el pelo del susto he was so scared it made his hair stand on end
    este mechón se me para this tuft of hair won't stay down o keeps sticking up
    3 (Méx, Ven) (levantarse de la cama) to get up
    C ( Chi) ( Rels Labs) «obreros/empleados» to strike, go on strike
    * * *

     

    parar ( conjugate parar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( detenerse) to stop;

    ir/venir a parar to end up;
    fue a parar a la cárcel he ended up in prison;
    ¿a dónde habrá ido a parar aquella foto? what can have happened to that photo?;
    ¡a dónde iremos a parar! I don't know what the world's coming to
    2 ( cesar) to stop;

    ha estado lloviendo sin parar it hasn't stopped raining;
    no para quieto ni un momento he can't keep still for a minute;
    no para en casa she's never at home;
    parar DE + INF to stop -ing;
    paró de llover it stopped raining
    3 (AmL) [obreros/empleados] to go on strike
    verbo transitivo
    1
    a)coche/tráfico/persona to stop;

    motor/máquina to stop, switch off
    b) hemorragia to stanch (AmE), to staunch (BrE)

    c)balón/tiro to save, stop;

    golpe to block, ward off
    2 (AmL)

    b) ( poner vertical) ‹vaso/libroto stand … up;


    pararse verbo pronominal
    1 ( detenerse)

    b) [reloj/máquina] to stop;

    [coche/motor] to stall;

    2


    se paró en una silla she stood on a chair;
    ¿te puedes parar de cabeza/de manos? can you do headstands/handstands?
    b) (AmL) [ pelo] ( hacia arriba) to stick up;

    ( en los lados) to stick out

    parar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 to stop: para de saltar, stop jumping
    para un momento en la farmacia, stop a minute at the chemist's
    no pares de hablar, por favor, keep talking, please
    2 (alojarse) to stay
    3 (finalizar, terminar) el cuadro fue a parar al rastro, the painting ended up in the flea market
    II verbo transitivo
    1 to stop
    2 Dep to save
    3 LAm to stand up
    ♦ Locuciones: dónde va a parar, by far: mi hija es muchísmo más inteligente que la suya, dónde va a parar, my daughter is far more intelligent than theirs
    ' parar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    atajar
    - caer
    - callar
    - casa
    - cesar
    - cuestión
    - dejarse
    - erradicación
    - ir
    - tirón
    - tren
    - contener
    - detener
    - parado
    - seco
    English:
    away
    - break
    - call
    - call at
    - catch
    - come to
    - directly
    - draw
    - end up
    - field
    - go
    - go on
    - halt
    - harp on
    - jaw
    - jerk
    - land up
    - nonstop
    - pull
    - pull in
    - pull over
    - pull up
    - save
    - screech
    - short
    - stop
    - straight
    - talk away
    - talk on
    - way
    - cock
    - dead
    - flag
    - knock
    - land
    - next
    - parry
    - prick
    - quit
    - rattle
    - stall
    - stand
    - steadily
    - stretch
    - through
    - up
    - world
    * * *
    vi
    1. [detenerse, interrumpirse] to stop;
    este tren para en todas las estaciones this train stops at all stations;
    ¿paramos a o [m5] para comer algo? shall we stop and o to have something to eat?;
    párenos aquí [al taxista, conductor] drop us off here;
    no abra la lavadora hasta que (no) pare por completo do not open the washing machine until it has come to a complete stop;
    los obreros pararon diez minutos en señal de protesta the workers stopped work for ten minutes as a protest;
    ¡no para callado/quieto un momento! he won't be quiet/stay still for a single moment!;
    parar de hacer algo to stop doing sth;
    no ha parado de llover desde que llegamos it hasn't stopped raining since we arrived;
    no para de molestarme she keeps annoying me;
    no para de llamarme por teléfono he keeps ringing me up, he's always ringing me up;
    no parará hasta conseguirlo she won't stop until she gets it;
    Fam
    no para [está siempre liado] he's always on the go;
    Fam
    hoy no he parado un momento I've been on the go all day;
    Fam
    ser un no parar [trabajo, vida] to be hectic;
    ¡para ya! stop it!;
    ¡para ya de hacer ruido! stop that noise!;
    un perro, dos gatos y para de contar a dog, two cats and that's it;
    parar en seco to stop dead;
    sin parar non-stop
    2. [alojarse] to stay;
    siempre paro en el mismo hotel I always stay at the same hotel;
    Fam
    solía parar en o [m5] por aquel bar I used to hang out at that bar;
    paro poco en o [m5] por casa I'm not at home much
    3. [acabar] to end up;
    ¿en qué parará este lío? where will it all end?;
    ir a parar a to end up in;
    todos fuimos a parar al mismo lugar we all ended up in the same place;
    ese camino va a parar a la carretera this path leads to the road;
    ¿dónde habrán ido a parar mis llaves? where can my keys have got to?;
    ¡dónde iremos a parar! [¡es increíble!] whatever next!;
    Fam
    ¡dónde va a parar! [¡no compares!] there's no comparison!
    4. [recaer]
    parar en manos de alguien to come into sb's possession
    5. Am [ir a la huelga] to go on strike;
    los médicos paran mañana doctors are on strike tomorrow
    vt
    1. [detener, interrumpir] to stop;
    [asalto] to repel; [golpe] to parry; [penalti, tiro] to save; [balón] to stop;
    para el motor turn the engine off, stop the engine;
    nos paró la policía we were stopped by the police;
    parar (a) un taxi to hail o stop a taxi;
    cuando le da por hablar no hay quien la pare once she starts talking, there's no stopping her;
    Perú, RP Fam
    pararle el carro a alguien to put sb in his/her place;
    Méx Fam
    pararle el gallo o [m5] macho a alguien to put sb in his/her place
    2. Am [poner de pie] to stand;
    pará a la nena, así la peino stand the baby up so I can comb her hair
    3. Am [levantar] to raise;
    paré el espejo para verme mejor I lifted the mirror up so I could see myself better
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 ( detener) stop
    2 L.Am. ( poner de pie) stand up
    II v/i
    1 stop;
    parar de llover stop raining;
    ha estado lloviendo tres horas sin parar it’s been raining for three hours non-stop
    2 en alojamiento stay;
    no sé dónde para I don’t know where he’s staying
    3
    :
    ir a parar end up;
    ¿cómo va a parar todo eso? where is this all going to end?;
    ¿dónde quieres ir a parar? what are you getting at?
    * * *
    parar vt
    1) detener: to stop
    2) : to stand, to prop
    parar vi
    1) cesar: to stop
    2) : to stay, to put up
    3)
    ir a parar : to end up, to wind up
    * * *
    parar vb
    1. (en general) to stop [pt. & pp. stopped]
    ¡para ya de hablar! stop talking!
    2. (gol, penalti) to save
    3. (estar) to be
    ¿sabes dónde paran mis llaves? do you know where my keys are?

    Spanish-English dictionary > parar

  • 29 readaptación

    f.
    1 readaptation, rehabilitation, retraining, readjustment.
    2 reconversion.
    * * *
    1 (rehabilitación) rehabilitation
    2 (profesional) retraining
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino ( a situación) readjustment; ( de obrero) retraining
    * * *
    = readaptation, repurposing.
    Ex. The Commission made readaptation grants available to help workers affected by fundamental changes in market conditions in the steel and coal industries.
    Ex. The author talks about the current state of Web site usability, repurposing content, and the importance of the end users' natural habitat.
    * * *
    femenino ( a situación) readjustment; ( de obrero) retraining
    * * *
    = readaptation, repurposing.

    Ex: The Commission made readaptation grants available to help workers affected by fundamental changes in market conditions in the steel and coal industries.

    Ex: The author talks about the current state of Web site usability, repurposing content, and the importance of the end users' natural habitat.

    * * *
    1 (a una situación) readjustment
    2 (de un obrero) retraining
    * * *
    readjustment

    Spanish-English dictionary > readaptación

  • 30 visitar

    v.
    to visit.
    el médico visitó al paciente the doctor called on o visited the patient
    Ricardo visita a María Richard visits Mary.
    Ricardo visita la casa de María Richard visits Ann's house.
    El turista visita la ciudad The tourist visits the city.
    * * *
    1 (ir a ver a alguien) to visit, pay a visit to, call on, go and see
    2 (lugar) to visit, see
    3 (inspeccionar) to inspect, visit, examine
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1.
    VT (gen) to visit; (brevemente) to call on

    5.000 personas han visitado ya la exposición — 5,000 people have already visited the exhibition

    2.
    VI
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < persona> to visit, visit with (AmE)
    b) < lugar> to visit
    2.
    visitarse v pron (recípr) to visit each other
    * * *
    = pay + a visit, visit, drop in, pay + visit, drop in on, make + the rounds, tour, check out, take + a trip to.
    Ex. Interestingly enough, Green himself had paid a visit to the 'Manchester Reference Library' where he was shown round by the librarian, Andrea Crestadoro, now best remembered as the pioneer of permuted keyword indexes.
    Ex. Interested parties can book time to visit our stores, but this is often inconvenient for them and expensive in terms of staff time.
    Ex. The library needs to be developed as the focal point of the community, a place where the public can drop in for all kinds of activities, not necessarily book-related or 'cultural'.
    Ex. A mobile library paid weekly visits to the workers getting the pipeline across the Volga.
    Ex. I'm already planning a quick train ride to Edinburgh to see the art museums there an drop in on the Edinburgh Festival.
    Ex. You may have seen the lines making the rounds of library e-mail: 'A Zen librarian searched for 'nothing' on the Internet and received 28 million hits'.
    Ex. A 5-day symposium was held at Champagne Public Library and an exhibition toured the public libraries of the state.
    Ex. Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.
    Ex. I have always thought that it would be neat to take a trip to Israel -- as a Christian it would be so historically mind blowing.
    ----
    * visitar a = drop by.
    * visitar a Alguien = look + Nombre + up.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < persona> to visit, visit with (AmE)
    b) < lugar> to visit
    2.
    visitarse v pron (recípr) to visit each other
    * * *
    = pay + a visit, visit, drop in, pay + visit, drop in on, make + the rounds, tour, check out, take + a trip to.

    Ex: Interestingly enough, Green himself had paid a visit to the 'Manchester Reference Library' where he was shown round by the librarian, Andrea Crestadoro, now best remembered as the pioneer of permuted keyword indexes.

    Ex: Interested parties can book time to visit our stores, but this is often inconvenient for them and expensive in terms of staff time.
    Ex: The library needs to be developed as the focal point of the community, a place where the public can drop in for all kinds of activities, not necessarily book-related or 'cultural'.
    Ex: A mobile library paid weekly visits to the workers getting the pipeline across the Volga.
    Ex: I'm already planning a quick train ride to Edinburgh to see the art museums there an drop in on the Edinburgh Festival.
    Ex: You may have seen the lines making the rounds of library e-mail: 'A Zen librarian searched for 'nothing' on the Internet and received 28 million hits'.
    Ex: A 5-day symposium was held at Champagne Public Library and an exhibition toured the public libraries of the state.
    Ex: Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.
    Ex: I have always thought that it would be neat to take a trip to Israel -- as a Christian it would be so historically mind blowing.
    * visitar a = drop by.
    * visitar a Alguien = look + Nombre + up.

    * * *
    visitar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹amigo/familiar/enfermo› to visit, visit with ( AmE)
    el Rey visitó a los heridos the King visited o went to see the injured
    2 ‹país/museo/fábrica› to visit
    visitaron todos los museos de Boston they visited o went to every museum in Boston
    3 ( Inf) ‹sitio web› to visit
    * * *

     

    visitar ( conjugate visitar) verbo transitivo
    a) persona to visit, visit with (AmE)

    b) lugar to visit

    visitarse verbo pronominal ( recípr) to visit each other
    visitar verbo transitivo to visit
    ' visitar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    franquicia
    - ver
    - gustar
    English:
    call
    - call back
    - call in
    - call on
    - come over
    - come round
    - drop in
    - drop round
    - pop in
    - pretence
    - pretense
    - pretext
    - see
    - stop by
    - tour
    - visit
    - worth
    - go
    - sight
    - take
    * * *
    vt
    1. [amigo, enfermo] to visit
    2. [ciudad, museo] to visit
    3. [sujeto: médico] to visit, to call on;
    el médico visitó al paciente the doctor called on o visited the patient
    * * *
    v/t
    1 visit
    2
    :
    el doctor no visita los lunes the doctor isn’t on duty Mondays
    * * *
    : to visit
    * * *
    1. (en general) to visit
    2. (médico) to see [pt. saw; pp. seen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > visitar

  • 31 Soixante-huit

    , or 68
       the milestone year in French life and politics in the second half of the 20th century, when protests by students and workers almost brought down the French government, and led to sweeping changes in French society. The events of 68 were inspired and led by the young generation of the time, wishing to break out of the rather stuffy and conventional society of the time. They coincided with, though initially took a different form to, the 'youth revolution' in Britain and the USA; but while the UK's youth revolution was essentially social and cultural, and led by pop music and op art, France's revolution was political and cultural, a protest against the weight of the Gaullist state.
       The events of May 68 started on the drab concrete campus of the sprawling university of Nanterre in the northern suburbs of Paris, and quickly spread to other universities, notably the Sorbonne. Student leaders, among them DanielCohn- Bendit and Alain Krivine, called for radical change and the end of the 'bourgeois state'; students erected barricades in the Latin Quarter, and were soon joined by workers, notably from the huge Renault plant at Boulogne Billancourt in the Paris suburbs. Though political, the movement sidelined all existing political parties, including the Communists, considered by the new left-wing as being an 'obsolete' political force.
       Faced with turmoil on the streets and a partial collapse of French society, President de Gaulle fled to Germany on 29th May, before returning and promising new elections. But by the time the elections took place, theGrenelle agreements had been negotiated with the trade unions, the heat had died down, and many French people had become seriously alarmed by the turn of events. In the June elections, the Gaullist majority was returned to power with an increased majority.
       The events nevertheless marked the beginning of the end for de Gaulle. In 1969 he organised a referendum on decentralisation, promising to step down if the referendum failed. To a certain extent, de Gaulle's vision of decentralisation was not that wanted by the voters; but in addition, the referendum became seen as a plebiscite on the Gaullist system, rather than on decentralisation. The referendum proposal was rejected by 52.4% of voters, and de Gaulle stepped down.
       It is certain that a new France, less hide-bound, more emancipated and more free, emerged in the aftermath of 68. Whether this would have happened anyway, and whether the means justified the end, are questions about which there is still considerable debate in France to this day.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Soixante-huit

  • 32 Beschäftigung

    Beschäftigung f 1. PERS employment; 2. WIWI activity Beschäftigung abbauen PERS cut employment, reduce employment, cut back employment Beschäftigung annehmen PERS take employment, take a job, accept a job Beschäftigung aufnehmen PERS take up employment, take up work, to start a job Beschäftigung beenden PERS stop working, cease employment, cease working; quit (kündigen) Beschäftigung beginnen PERS start a job, start work, begin work Beschäftigung finden PERS find employment, find work, find a job Beschäftigung haben PERS be employed, have a job Beschäftigung schaffen PERS create employment, create jobs Beschäftigung suchen PERS seek employment, look for employment, seek a job, look for a job, seek work, look for work Beschäftigung verringern PERS reduce employment, cut employment, cut jobs, cut back employment Beschäftigung wieder aufnehmen PERS, SOZ resume work, return to work bisherige Dauer der Beschäftigung PERS current spell of employment, current period of employment in Beschäftigung bleiben PERS remain in employment jmdn. wieder in Beschäftigung bringen PERS get sb back into employment, bring sb back to work, get sb back into work ohne Beschäftigung sein PERS be without employment, be out of work wieder in Beschäftigung bringen PERS bring sb back to work, get sb back into employment
    * * *
    f 1. < Person> employment; 2. <Vw> activity ■ Beschäftigung annehmen < Person> take employment, take a job, accept a job ■ Beschäftigung aufnehmen < Person> take up employment, take up work, to start a job ■ Beschäftigung beenden < Person> stop working, cease employment ■ Beschäftigung beginnen < Person> start a job, start work, begin work ■ Beschäftigung finden < Person> find employment ■ Beschäftigung haben < Person> be employed, have a job ■ Beschäftigung suchen < Person> seek employment, look for employment, seek a job, look for a job, seek work, look for work ■ ohne Beschäftigung sein < Person> be without employment, be out of work
    * * *
    Beschäftigung
    employ[ment], engagement, appointment, (Arbeit) work, (Beruf) vocation, occupation, job, pursuit, business, spell, lay (sl.);
    auf Beschäftigung ausgerichtet (pol.) employment-oriented;
    ohne Beschäftigung unemployed, out of work (employ);
    ohne regelmäßige Beschäftigung at a loose end;
    abhängige Beschäftigung dependent employment;
    Berufskrankheiten auslösende Beschäftigung disease-breeding occupation;
    ausschließliche Beschäftigung sole occupation;
    außerberufliche Beschäftigung outside activities;
    befristete Beschäftigung temporary job;
    berufliche Beschäftigung business occupation;
    einträgliche (entgeltliche) Beschäftigung gainful occupation (US), profitable employment, duck soup (US sl.);
    einzige Beschäftigung exclusive employment (occupation);
    ganztätige Beschäftigung full- (whole-) time job (employment);
    besonders gefährliche Beschäftigung extra-hazardous employment;
    geistlose Beschäftigung routine business;
    gelegentliche Beschäftigung casual employment, employment of a casual nature;
    geringfügige Beschäftigung small-scale employment;
    geschützte Beschäftigung sheltered employment;
    Gewinn bringende Beschäftigung gainful occupation;
    gewöhnliche Beschäftigung usual occupation;
    hauptamtliche Beschäftigung full-time employment (job);
    illegale Beschäftigung underground employment;
    irgendeine Beschäftigung ordinary job;
    kaufmännische Beschäftigung commercial appointment;
    lebenslange Beschäftigung lifelong employment;
    leichte Beschäftigung light occupation;
    lohnende Beschäftigung profitable employment, remunerative occupation;
    mangelnde Beschäftigung underemployment;
    nächtliche Beschäftigung night work;
    nebenberufliche Beschäftigung occupation outside of office work, part-time job;
    regelmäßige Beschäftigung regular occupation;
    saisonabhängige Beschäftigung seasonal employment;
    nicht selbstständige Beschäftigung wage-earning employment;
    sitzende Beschäftigung sedentary employment;
    sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung employment subject to social insurance;
    stundenweise Beschäftigung part-time (casual) employment;
    überwiegende Beschäftigung (Einkommensteuer) paramount occupation;
    übliche Beschäftigung daily (usual) occupation, daily stint;
    unbedeutende Beschäftigung potty little job (sl.);
    ungleichmäßige Beschäftigung unstable employment;
    unregelmäßige Beschäftigung irregular employment;
    unselbstständige Beschäftigung wage-earning employment;
    versicherungsfreie Beschäftigung uninsured employment;
    zeitweilige Beschäftigung part-time employment;
    zukunftsträchtige Beschäftigung prospective employment;
    zumutbare Beschäftigung suitable employment;
    zusätzliche Beschäftigung additional employment;
    entgeltliche Beschäftigung eines anderen using the services of another for pay;
    Beschäftigung älterer Arbeitnehmer employment of elderly people;
    Beschäftigung in der Bauindustrie construction employment;
    Beschäftigung auf der Baustelle on-site employment;
    Beschäftigung im industriellen Bereich manufacturing employment;
    Beschäftigung in einer Branche line activity;
    Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Dienst public service job;
    Beschäftigung in der Dienstleistungsindustrie service employment;
    Beschäftigung von Gelegenheitsarbeitern casualization;
    Beschäftigung in der Industrie factory employment, industrial occupation;
    Beschäftigung von Jugendlichen youth (juvenile) employment;
    Beschäftigung von Kindern child labo(u)r, employment of children;
    Beschäftigung in Kurzarbeit (zwecks Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit) staggering short (of shifts), (zwecks Vermeidung von Entlassungen) work sharing;
    Beschäftigung mit Nichtigkeiten shilly-shally;
    Beschäftigung in der Produktionsindustrie manufacturing employment;
    Beschäftigung im Staatsdienst government job, state employment;
    Beschäftigung in der Stahlindustrie steel-industry employment;
    Beschäftigung von Untervertretern pyramid selling;
    Beschäftigung zeitweise aussetzen to suspend employment;
    Beschäftigung ausüben to carry on a business, to do a job;
    Beschäftigung von älteren Arbeitnehmern erleichtern to facilitate the employment of older workers;
    Beschäftigung finden to find employment;
    untergeordnete Beschäftigung finden to obtain menial tasks;
    Beschäftigung älterer Arbeitnehmer fördern to promote the employment of older workers;
    Beschäftigung bestimmter Arbeitnehmergruppen fördern to encourage the employment of specific groups of workers;
    lebenslange Beschäftigung garantieren to guarantee lifelong employment;
    jem. Beschäftigung geben to employ s. o.;
    einträgliche Beschäftigung haben to live on (be left to) one’s purchases (Scot.);
    regelmäßige Beschäftigung haben to have a regular job;
    einer geregelten Beschäftigung nachgehen to go about one’s lawful business (occupation);
    seiner täglichen Beschäftigung nachgehen to go about one’s usual work, to do one’s daily stint;
    um eine Beschäftigung nachsuchen to apply for a job;
    seine Beschäftigung nicht ernst nehmen to play around (US sl.);
    ohne Beschäftigung sein to be unemployed (out of a job);
    ohne regelmäßige Beschäftigung sein to be at a loose end;
    sich nach einer geeigneten Beschäftigung umsehen to look for occupation suited to one’s abilities;
    jem. eine Beschäftigung verschaffen to find s. o. a job.

    Business german-english dictionary > Beschäftigung

  • 33 entre

    prep.
    1 between.
    entre las diez y las once between ten and eleven o'clock
    entre paréntesis in brackets
    entre nosotros between you and me, between ourselves (en confianza)
    discutían entre sí they were arguing with each other
    era un color entre verde y azul the color was somewhere between green and blue
    dudo entre ir o quedarme I don't know o can't decide whether to go or to stay
    2 among, amongst.
    estaba entre los asistentes she was among those present
    estuvo entre los mejores he was one of o amongst the best
    entre otras cosas among other things
    3 divided by.
    intj.
    come in.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: entrar.
    * * *
    1 (dos términos) between
    2 (varios) among, amongst
    3 (sumando) counting
    4 (en) in
    5 (entremedio) somewhere between
    \
    de entre from among, out of
    entre... y... what with... and...
    entre el frío y la lluvia... what with the cold and the rain...
    entre tanto meanwhile, in the meantime
    por entre (entre) among, amongst 2 (a través) through
    * * *
    prep.
    * * *
    PREP
    1) (=en medio de)
    a) [dos elementos] between

    un líquido entre dulce y amargo — a liquid which is half-sweet, half-sour

    paréntesis, semana
    b) [más de dos elementos] among, amongst

    ¿has buscado entre las fotografías? — have you looked among(st) the photographs?

    puedes hablar, estamos entre amigos — you can speak freely, we're among(st) friends

    empezó a trabajar como mensajero, entre otras cosas — he started work as a courier, among(st) other things

    2) [indicando colaboración, participación]

    le compraremos un regalo entre todos — we'll buy her a present between all of us, we'll all club together to buy her a present

    ¿entre cuántos habéis hecho el trabajo? — how many of you did it take to do the work?

    entre sí: las mujeres hablaban entre sí — the women were talking among(st) themselves

    3) [uso aditivo]

    entre viaje y alojamiento nos gastamos 80 euros — we spent 80 euros between the travel and the accommodation, the travel and the accommodation came to 80 euros between them

    entre niños y niñas habrá unos veinte en total — there are about twenty in total, if you count boys and girls

    entre que era tarde y hacía frío, decidimos no salir — what with it being late and cold, we decided not to go out

    entre unas cosas y otras se nos hizo de noche — before we knew it, it was night

    4) (Mat)
    5) esp LAm
    *
    6)
    * * *
    I
    1)

    ¿por qué no le hacemos un regalo entre todos? — why don't we all get together to buy him a present?

    cuando hablan entre ellos — ( dos personas) when they talk to each other; ( más de dos personas) when they talk among themselves

    2)
    a) (en el número, la colectividad de) among
    b) ( mezclado con) among

    hay unas cien personas entre alumnos y profesoreswith o including pupils and teachers there are about a hundred people

    entre una cosa y otra... — (fam) what with one thing and another... (colloq)

    d) ( en distribuciones) among
    e) (Mat)
    3)

    entre tanto — meanwhile, in the meantime

    II
    adverbio (esp AmL)

    entre más... menos/más... — the more... the less/more...

    * * *
    = amidst, among, amongst, between, inter, across, amid, twixt, betwixt, in between.
    Ex. The second edition of AACR was published in 1978, amidst some dispute as to whether it was either necessary or desirable.
    Ex. He is probably unique among Associations of Research Libraries directors in that he played a significant role in the creation of ALA's Social Responsibilities Round Table.
    Ex. Amongst these are numbered: some specific legal and governmental works, such as laws, decrees, treaties; works that record the collective thought of a body, for example, reports of commissions and committees; and various cartographic materials.
    Ex. Citations to 33 Ph.D.theses produced at the University between 1974 and 1978 were analysed.
    Ex. On magnetic tape, for instance, there will be a need for an inter record gap so that the tape drive has some space, some leeway, when starting or stopping the fast moving tape.
    Ex. Other important elements of libraries, such as the quality of the staff and the nature of the reference collections themselves, vary across libraries.
    Ex. The director continued speaking amid the embers of their mirth.
    Ex. The article ' Twixt dilemma and desk-top deluxe' reports on the developments from the major computer printer manufacturers.
    Ex. Hume says we must distinguish ' betwixt personal identity as it regards our thought or imagination and as it regards our passions or the concern we take in ourselves'.
    Ex. The reason for this is that the qualifier, Public Libraries, is randomly distributed depending on whether other facets are cited in between.
    ----
    * a caballo entre = midway between.
    * a mitad de camino entre = midway between.
    * compromiso entre novios = engagement.
    * conector entre facetas = intra-facet connector.
    * de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.
    * de la zona de entre mareas = intertidal.
    * distinguir entre... y... = draw + the line between... and....
    * entre bastidores = behind the scenes, backstage, offstage.
    * entre corchetes = in brackets.
    * entre culturas = intercultural.
    * entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * entre dos fuegos = crossfire, pig(gy) in the middle.
    * entre el dicho y el hecho hay un gran trecho = many a slip between the cup and the lip.
    * entre el dicho y el hecho hay un gran trecho = There's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * entre ellos contamos con los siguientes = numbered amongst these are.
    * entre éstos se incluyen = amongst these are numbered.
    * entre fronteras = transborder.
    * entre grupos sociales = intergroup.
    * entre instituciones = interagency [inter-agency].
    * entre la espada y la pared = between the rock and the hard place, between the devil and the deep blue sea, between a rock and a hard place.
    * entre la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.
    * entre la población en general = mainstream.
    * entre la profesión = intra-professional.
    * entre las dos y las cuatro = mid-afternoon.
    * entre las páginas de = between the covers of.
    * entre los miembros de la familia = intergenerational.
    * entre los vivos = land of the living, the.
    * entre manos = at hand, in hand.
    * entre medias = in between.
    * entre + Nombre Singular + y + Nombre Singular = between + Nombre Plural.
    * entre nosotros = with us, between you and me, between ourselves.
    * entre ordenadores = computer-to-computer.
    * entre otras cosas = amongst other things, for one thing, inter alia, among other things.
    * entre otros = amongst others, among others.
    * entre países = transfrontier, transborder, transnational, cross-country, cross-national [cross national], cross-border.
    * entre paréntesis = parenthetically, parenthetic, in brackets, in parenthesis.
    * entre profesiones = cross-occupational.
    * entre + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + midst.
    * entre regiones = cross-regional, inter-regional [interregional].
    * entre semana = on weekdays, midweek, weekday.
    * entre sí = each other.
    * entre tres partes = 3-party [three-party].
    * entre tú y yo = between you and me, between ourselves.
    * entre varias bibliotecas = cross-library, cross-library.
    * entre varias instituciones = inter-institutionally [interinstitutionally].
    * entre varias lenguas = cross-lingual.
    * entre varios países = multi-country [multicountry].
    * entre... y... = anywhere from/between... and...., somewhere between... and....
    * espacio entre columnas = intercolumn spacing.
    * estar a caballo entre = stand + midway between.
    * estar entre = fall between.
    * hablar entre dientes sin ser entendido = mumble.
    * niños entre cinco y siete años = five-to-sevens.
    * que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.
    * reconciliación entre = healing of the breach between.
    * resolución de la ambigüedad entre términos = term disambiguation.
    * * *
    I
    1)

    ¿por qué no le hacemos un regalo entre todos? — why don't we all get together to buy him a present?

    cuando hablan entre ellos — ( dos personas) when they talk to each other; ( más de dos personas) when they talk among themselves

    2)
    a) (en el número, la colectividad de) among
    b) ( mezclado con) among

    hay unas cien personas entre alumnos y profesoreswith o including pupils and teachers there are about a hundred people

    entre una cosa y otra... — (fam) what with one thing and another... (colloq)

    d) ( en distribuciones) among
    e) (Mat)
    3)

    entre tanto — meanwhile, in the meantime

    II
    adverbio (esp AmL)

    entre más... menos/más... — the more... the less/more...

    * * *
    = amidst, among, amongst, between, inter, across, amid, twixt, betwixt, in between.

    Ex: The second edition of AACR was published in 1978, amidst some dispute as to whether it was either necessary or desirable.

    Ex: He is probably unique among Associations of Research Libraries directors in that he played a significant role in the creation of ALA's Social Responsibilities Round Table.
    Ex: Amongst these are numbered: some specific legal and governmental works, such as laws, decrees, treaties; works that record the collective thought of a body, for example, reports of commissions and committees; and various cartographic materials.
    Ex: Citations to 33 Ph.D.theses produced at the University between 1974 and 1978 were analysed.
    Ex: On magnetic tape, for instance, there will be a need for an inter record gap so that the tape drive has some space, some leeway, when starting or stopping the fast moving tape.
    Ex: Other important elements of libraries, such as the quality of the staff and the nature of the reference collections themselves, vary across libraries.
    Ex: The director continued speaking amid the embers of their mirth.
    Ex: The article ' Twixt dilemma and desk-top deluxe' reports on the developments from the major computer printer manufacturers.
    Ex: Hume says we must distinguish ' betwixt personal identity as it regards our thought or imagination and as it regards our passions or the concern we take in ourselves'.
    Ex: The reason for this is that the qualifier, Public Libraries, is randomly distributed depending on whether other facets are cited in between.
    * a caballo entre = midway between.
    * a mitad de camino entre = midway between.
    * compromiso entre novios = engagement.
    * conector entre facetas = intra-facet connector.
    * de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.
    * de la zona de entre mareas = intertidal.
    * distinguir entre... y... = draw + the line between... and....
    * entre bastidores = behind the scenes, backstage, offstage.
    * entre corchetes = in brackets.
    * entre culturas = intercultural.
    * entre diferentes edades = cross-age [cross age].
    * entre dos fuegos = crossfire, pig(gy) in the middle.
    * entre el dicho y el hecho hay un gran trecho = many a slip between the cup and the lip.
    * entre el dicho y el hecho hay un gran trecho = There's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * entre ellos contamos con los siguientes = numbered amongst these are.
    * entre éstos se incluyen = amongst these are numbered.
    * entre fronteras = transborder.
    * entre grupos sociales = intergroup.
    * entre instituciones = interagency [inter-agency].
    * entre la espada y la pared = between the rock and the hard place, between the devil and the deep blue sea, between a rock and a hard place.
    * entre la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.
    * entre la población en general = mainstream.
    * entre la profesión = intra-professional.
    * entre las dos y las cuatro = mid-afternoon.
    * entre las páginas de = between the covers of.
    * entre los miembros de la familia = intergenerational.
    * entre los vivos = land of the living, the.
    * entre manos = at hand, in hand.
    * entre medias = in between.
    * entre + Nombre Singular + y + Nombre Singular = between + Nombre Plural.
    * entre nosotros = with us, between you and me, between ourselves.
    * entre ordenadores = computer-to-computer.
    * entre otras cosas = amongst other things, for one thing, inter alia, among other things.
    * entre otros = amongst others, among others.
    * entre países = transfrontier, transborder, transnational, cross-country, cross-national [cross national], cross-border.
    * entre paréntesis = parenthetically, parenthetic, in brackets, in parenthesis.
    * entre profesiones = cross-occupational.
    * entre + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + midst.
    * entre regiones = cross-regional, inter-regional [interregional].
    * entre semana = on weekdays, midweek, weekday.
    * entre sí = each other.
    * entre tres partes = 3-party [three-party].
    * entre tú y yo = between you and me, between ourselves.
    * entre varias bibliotecas = cross-library, cross-library.
    * entre varias instituciones = inter-institutionally [interinstitutionally].
    * entre varias lenguas = cross-lingual.
    * entre varios países = multi-country [multicountry].
    * entre... y... = anywhere from/between... and...., somewhere between... and....
    * espacio entre columnas = intercolumn spacing.
    * estar a caballo entre = stand + midway between.
    * estar entre = fall between.
    * hablar entre dientes sin ser entendido = mumble.
    * niños entre cinco y siete años = five-to-sevens.
    * que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.
    * reconciliación entre = healing of the breach between.
    * resolución de la ambigüedad entre términos = term disambiguation.

    * * *
    A
    se sienta entre Carlos y yo he sits between Carlos and me
    entre estas cuatro paredes within these four walls
    creó una barrera entre ellos it created a barrier between them
    lo escribió entre paréntesis she wrote it in brackets
    se me escapó por entre los dedos it slipped through my fingers
    correteaban por entre los arbustos they ran in and out of the bushes
    no pruebo bocado entre horas I don't eat a thing between meals
    entre estas dos fechas between these two dates
    está abierto entre semana it is open during the week
    entre las cuatro y las cinco between four and five (o'clock)
    con una expresión entre complacida y sorprendida with an expression somewhere between pleasure and surprise, with a half pleased, half surprised look
    es de un color entre el azul y el violeta it's a bluey purple color o a purplish blue color
    vacilaba entre decírselo y callar she was torn between telling him and keeping quiet
    estoy entre el verde y el azul I can't decide between the green one and the blue one
    entre nosotros or entre tú y yo, no tiene la más mínima idea between you and me o just between ourselves, he doesn't have a clue
    las relaciones entre los cuatro hermanos relations between the four brothers
    entre los dos/cuatro logramos levantarlo between the two of us/four of us we managed to lift it
    ¿por qué no le hacemos un regalo entre todos? why don't we all get together to buy him a present?
    entre ellos se entienden they understand each other o one another
    cuando hablan entre ellos no entiendo nada when they talk among themselves, I can't understand a thing
    tres depósitos unidos entre sí por una serie de tubos three tanks linked (to each other) by a series of pipes
    B
    1 (en el número, la colectividad de) among, amongst ( BrE)
    entre los trabajadores among the workers
    bendita tú eres entre todas las mujeres blessed art thou among women
    está entre los mejores/más grandes del mundo it is among the best/largest in the world, it is one of the best/largest in the world
    entre los temas debatidos, éste fue el más conflictivo of the topics discussed this proved to be the most controversial
    hay un traidor entre nosotros there's a traitor among us o ( liter) in our midst
    estamos entre amigos we're all friends here, you're among friends
    es mentiroso, entre otras cosas he's a liar, among other things
    entre las monedas que me dio había algunas extranjeras there were some foreign coins among the ones he gave me
    se perdió entre la muchedumbre he got lost in the crowd
    lo encontré entre la arena I found it in the sand
    hay unas cien personas entre alumnos, padres y profesores with o including pupils, parents and teachers there are about a hundred people
    entre una cosa y otra nos llevó toda una mañana ( fam); what with one thing and another it took us a whole morning ( colloq)
    repártelos entre los niños share them out among the children
    tienes que dividirlo entre cinco you have to divide it by five
    diez entre dos es (igual a) cinco two into ten goes five (times), ten divided by two is five
    C
    entre tanto meanwhile, in the meantime
    entre tanto, vayan poniendo la mesa meanwhile o in the meantime, you can lay the table
    entre tanto (que) lo hacen while they do it
    ( esp AmL): entre más/menos... the more/less...
    entre más pide, menos le dan the more he asks for, the less they give him
    entre menos estudies, menos aprenderás the less you study, the less you will learn
    * * *

     

    Del verbo entrar: ( conjugate entrar)

    entré es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    entre es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    algo entre    
    entrar    
    entre
    entrar ( conjugate entrar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( acercándose) to come in;
    ( alejándose) to go in;

    hazla entre tell her to come in, show her in;
    entró corriendo he ran in, he came running in;
    ¿se puede entre con el coche? can you drive in?;
    había gente entrando y saliendo there were people coming and going;
    ¿cómo entró? how did he get in?;
    entre en or (esp AmL) a algo ‹a edificio/habitación› to go into sth;
    entró en el or al banco she went into the bank
    2 (en etapa, estado) entre en algo ‹en periodo/guerra/negociaciones to enter sth;

    entró en coma he went into a coma
    3
    a) (introducirse, meterse):

    cierra la puerta, que entra frío close the door, you're letting the cold in;

    me entró arena en los zapatos I've got sand in my shoes

    ¿entrará por la puerta? will it get through the door?;


    (+ me/te/le etc):

    el zapato no le entra he can't get his shoe on;
    no me entra la segunda (Auto) I can't get it into second (gear)
    4 [ hambre] (+ me/te/le etc):
    le entró hambre she felt o got hungry;

    me ha entrado la duda I'm beginning to have my doubts;
    me entró sueño I got o began to feel sleepy
    5 ( empezar) to start, begin;
    entró de aprendiz he started o began as an apprentice

    6 ( incorporarse) entre en or (esp AmL) a algo ‹en empresa/ejército/club to join sth;
    en convento to enter sth;
    el año que entré en or a la universidad the year I started college I've just joined the association
    7 ( estar incluido):

    ¿cuántas entran en un kilo? how many do you get in a kilo?
    verbo transitivo ( traer) to bring in;
    ( llevar) to take in;
    ¿cómo van a entre el sofá? how are they going to get the sofa in?

    entre preposición
    1
    a) (dos personas, cosas) between;


    está entre las dos casas it's between the two houses;
    entre paréntesis in brackets;
    cuando hablan entre los dos when they talk to each other
    b) (más de dos personas, cosas) among;


    entre otras cosas among other things;
    se perdió entre la muchedumbre he disappeared into the crowd;
    entre estas cuatro paredes within these walls
    c) (indicando cooperación, distribución):


    le hicimos con regalo entre todos we all got together and brought him a present;
    repártelos entre los niños/entre todos share them out among the children/between everybody
    2 ( en expresiones de tiempo):

    llegaré entre las tres y las cuatro I'll be arriving between three and four;
    cualquier semana entre julio y agosto any week in July or August
    3

    ■ adverbio (esp AmL):
    entre más come más/menos engorda the more he eats the more/less he puts on weight

    entrar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 to come in, go in, enter: los ladrones entraron por la ventana, the burglars entered through the window ➣ Ver nota en ir
    2 (encajar) to fit: esta llave no entra, this key doesn't fit
    3 (estar incluido) to be included: eso no entra en el precio, that's not included in the price
    4 (en una organización, partido) to join, get into: entró en el club, he was admitted to the club
    5 (en una situación) to go into: el avión entró en barrena, the plane went into a spin
    entrar en calor, to warm up
    6 (comenzar) el mes que entra, next month, the coming month
    7 (sobrevenir) to come over: le entraron ganas de llorar, he felt like crying
    me entró un ataque de histeria, I went into hysterics
    8 (agradar) no me entran las lentejas, I don't like lentils
    II verbo transitivo
    1 to bring in: entra las sillas, take the chairs in
    2 Inform to enter
    ♦ Locuciones: entrar en la cabeza: no me entra en la cabeza que hayas hecho eso, I can't understand why you have done that
    ni entrar ni salir, to play no part in the matter: en cuestiones sentimentales ni entro ni salgo, I steer well clear of touchy subjects
    entre preposición
    1 (señalando límites) between: ponlo entre tú y ella, put it between you and her
    entre azul y verde, between blue and green
    (con la colaboración de) lo haremos entre Pedro, Pablo y yo, Peter, Paul and myself will do it between us
    2 (rodeado de) among(st)
    estoy entre amigos, I'm among friends
    (incluido en) está entre los primeros de la clase, he's among the best students of his class
    En general, entre se traduce por between cuando se refiere a dos cosas y among o amongst (más antiguo) cuando se refiere a más de dos. Sin embargo, se puede emplear between, junto con un verbo de movimiento, cuando queremos indicar que un conjunto de cosas se dividió en dos grupos: El río fluye entre los árboles. The river flows between the trees.

    ' entre' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abismal
    - abismo
    - abordaje
    - aclarar
    - adherencia
    - analogía
    - apareamiento
    - barrera
    - bastante
    - bastidor
    - bien
    - caballero
    - caballo
    - cada
    - camaradería
    - camino
    - ceja
    - cerrarse
    - clara
    - claro
    - comillas
    - compenetración
    - competencia
    - conexión
    - confianza
    - confundirse
    - congruencia
    - considerada
    - considerado
    - contarse
    - corporativismo
    - correlación
    - cruce
    - desnivel
    - despertarse
    - dicotomía
    - diente
    - disidencia
    - distanciamiento
    - dividir
    - dividirse
    - dudar
    - economía
    - entendimiento
    - escaramuza
    - escoger
    - espada
    - estragos
    - estrechar
    - estrechamiento
    English:
    ability
    - alike
    - already
    - amid
    - among
    - amongst
    - angular
    - antagonism
    - antipathy
    - backstage
    - barrel
    - barrier
    - behind
    - between
    - blue-collar
    - bond
    - bonding
    - border
    - bracket
    - cement
    - chip in
    - choose
    - chuckle
    - circulate
    - civilian
    - clash
    - close
    - club
    - connect
    - connected
    - dart
    - derby
    - devil
    - differentiate
    - discriminate
    - distinction
    - distinguish
    - divide
    - dole out
    - enter
    - entrails
    - equal
    - equality
    - evenly
    - exit poll
    - export
    - fall out
    - fatalism
    - feature
    - fence
    * * *
    prep
    1. [en medio de dos] between;
    está entre mi casa y la suya it's between my house and hers, it's on the way from my house to hers;
    entre las diez y las once between ten and eleven o'clock;
    entre 1939 y 1945 between 1939 and 1945, from 1939 to 1945;
    entre paréntesis in brackets, in parentheses;
    no abre entre semana it doesn't open during the week;
    no hay punto de comparación entre la ciudad y el campo there's no comparison between the city and the countryside;
    la diferencia entre tú y yo es que… the difference between you and me is that…;
    era un color entre verde y azul the colour was somewhere between green and blue;
    su estado de ánimo estaba entre la alegría y la emoción his state of mind was somewhere between o was a mixture of joy and excitement;
    se encuentra entre la vida y la muerte she is fighting for her life;
    entre nosotros [en confianza] between you and me, between ourselves;
    que quede esto entre tú y yo this is between you and me;
    dudo entre ir o quedarme I don't know o can't decide whether to go or to stay;
    entre una(s) cosa(s) y otra(s)… what with one thing and another…;
    no tuve tiempo de llamarte entre unas cosas y otras between one thing and another I didn't have time to phone you
    2. [en medio de muchos] among, amongst;
    estaba entre los asistentes she was among those present;
    entre los celtas se solía… the Celts used to…;
    entre los médicos se considera que… most doctors believe that…;
    lo hicieron entre tres amigos the three friends did it between them;
    entre todos estoy seguro de que lo conseguiremos I'm sure we'll manage to do it between us;
    es el favorito entre los expertos the experts have him as the favourite;
    estuvo entre los mejores he was one of o amongst the best;
    no temas, estás entre amigos don't be afraid, you're amongst friends;
    desapareció entre la multitud she disappeared into the crowd;
    apareció de entre el humo it emerged from the smoke;
    entre hombres y mujeres somos más de cien there are over a hundred of us, men and women together;
    me regaló, entre otras cosas, una botella de whisky she gave me several things, including a bottle of whisky;
    tu principal defecto, entre otros, es que… your main defect, amongst others, is that…;
    lo encontré entre mis papeles I found it amongst my papers;
    entre sí amongst themselves;
    discutían entre sí they were arguing with each other
    3. [en divisiones]
    divide veinte entre cuatro divide twenty by four;
    ocho entre dos cuatro eight divided by two is four
    entre que loc conj
    Fam [mientras]
    entre que se levanta y se arregla, se le va media mañana it takes her half the morning just to get up and get ready
    entre tanto loc adv
    [mientras tanto] meanwhile;
    haz las camas, entre tanto, yo lavo los platos you make the beds, in the meantime, I'll do the washing up
    entre más loc adv
    Andes, CAm, Méx [cuanto más] the more;
    entre más duerme, más cansado se siente the more she sleeps, the more tired she feels
    * * *
    prp
    1 dos cosas, personas between;
    entre las dos y las tres between two and three
    2 más de dos among(st), between;
    entre nosotros among o between us;
    repartir algo entre tres split sth three ways
    lo pagamos entre todos we paid for it among o between us;
    lo hicieron entre tres they did it between the three of them;
    la relación entre ellos the relationship between them;
    te cuento entre mis amigos I regard you as a friend
    4 MAT
    :
    ocho entre cuatro son dos eight divided by four is two, four into eight is two
    * * *
    entre prep
    1) : between
    2) : among
    * * *
    entre prep
    1. (dos cosas) between

    Spanish-English dictionary > entre

  • 34 keep

    1. I
    1) is it worth keeping? стоит ли это хранить?
    2) this book is yours to keep можете оставить эту книгу себе. эту книгу я вам дарю
    3) butter (eggs, meat, apples, etc.) will keep масло и т. д. не испортится; chocolates that will keep шоколад, который может долго лежать
    4) the news (this statement, etc.) will keep с этим сообщением и т. д. можно повременить; this information can't keep эту информацию нельзя задерживать /нужно скорее опубликовать/; my revenge will keep отомстить я еще успею; it will keep! успеется!
    5) have a family (one's parents, a wife and two children, etc.) to keep иметь на иждивении /содержать/ семью и т. д.
    2. II
    1) keep somewhere keep at home (indoors, in, etc.) оставаться /сидеть/ дома, не выходить из дому; keep in some manner keep together держаться вместе, не разлучаться; let's keep together or we shall lose each other давайте держаться вместе, а то мы потеряем друг друга; if all the cars keep together we shall be quite safe если все машины пойдут вместе, нам нечего бояться; they kept abreast они шли в одну шеренгу
    2) keep in some manner keep well (quite well, all right, etc.) хорошо и т. д. сохраняться; keep for some time cold milk (dried fruit, smoked fish, etc.) keeps longer холодное молоко и т. д. дольше сохраняется / не портится/; fish do not keep long рыба не может долго лежать id how are you keeping? как вы себя чувствуете?, как здоровье?; she is not keeping well она себя неважно чувствует
    3. III
    1) keep smth. keep one's old letters (one's old clothes, his books, the archives, etc.) хранить старые письма и т. д.; this is [the place] where I keep my things (my money, my stores, etc.) вот где я держу свои вещи и т. д.; he can make money but he cannot keep it он умеет зарабатывать деньги, но не умеет их беречь
    2) keep smth. keep this book (this toy, this photograph, etc.) оставлять эту книгу и т. д. себе; since you have found this watch you may keep it раз вы нашли эти часы, то можете оставить их себе [навсегда]; you can keep the box, I don't need it any longer мне больше не нужна эта коробка, оставьте ее себе; keep the change сдачи не надо, оставьте сдачу себе
    3) keep smth. keep the job не менять места работы, работать на том же месте; keep one's seat /one's place/ оставаться на месте, не вставать с места; keep one's room не выходить из комнаты; keep one's bed не вставать с постели: keep one's feet удержаться на ногах, не упасть; keep the saddle удержаться в седле; keep one's balance /one's feet/ удерживать равновесие; keep the middle of the road (the road, the path, one's course, etc.) держаться середины /идти по середине/ дороги и т. д.; keep one's way идти своей дорогой, не сворачивать со своего пути; keep the speed идти с той же скоростью, не сбавлять или не увеличивать скорость; keep time отбивать такт; keep good time верно показывать время
    4) keep smth. keep one's temper (one's presence of mind, one's self-possession, one's composure, etc.) сохранять спокойствие и т. д., не терять спокойствия и т. д.; keep one's head не терять головы; keep silence молчать, хранить молчание; keep one's distance а) держаться на расстоянии; б) не допускать фамильярности
    5) keep smth. keep fruit (vegetables, food, etc.) сохранять фрукты и т. д., не давать фруктам и т. д. портиться; keep its shape (its colour, etc.) сохранять /не терять/ форму и т. д., keep one's figure сохранять фигуру; keep one's looks не дурнеть, сохранять привлекательность; keep good health оставаться в добром здравии
    6) keep smb. what is keeping you? почему вы задерживаетесь /опаздываете/?; don't let me keep you я не буду вас задерживать
    7) keep smth. keep a bridge (a fort, a fortress, the gates of a town, one's grounds, etc.) защищать /удерживать/ мост и т. д.; keep the wicket защищать ворота (а крикете), keep the goal стоять в воротах, защищать ворота (в футболе)
    8) keep smth. keep the rules (the law, order, commandments, etc.) соблюдать /не нарушать/ правила и т. д., придерживаться правил и т. д.; keep a treaty /an agreement/ выполнять /соблюдать/ условия договора; keep an appointment приходить на [деловое] свидание, приходить в назначенное время (место и т. п.); keep a date coll. приходить на свидание: keep one's word (one's promise, etc.) (с)держать слово и т. д., быть верным своему слову и т. д., keep a secret /one's own counsel/ помалкивать, хранить тайну; can you keep a secret? вы умеете молчать /держать язык за зубами/?; keep faith сохранять верность; keep peace сохранять /поддерживать/ мир; keep regular hours ложиться спать и вставать в одно и то же время, вести размеренную жизнь; keep late hours не ложиться /сидеть, работать/ допоздна; keep early hours рано ложиться и рано вставать; we keep late hours in this office в нашем учреждении рабочий день кончается поздно; keep one's birthday (festivals, etc.) отмечать /праздновать/ день рождения и т. д.; keep a fast (Sundays, rites, etc.) соблюдать пост и т. д., keep a ceremony отправлять /совершать/ обряд
    9) keep smb. keep a family (an old mother, a wife and six children, etc.) обеспечивать /содержать/ семью и т. д.; at his age he ought to be able to keep himself в его возрасте пора бы самому зарабатывать на жизнь; he doesn't earn enough to keep himself он себя не может прокормить
    10) keep smth., smb. keep a car (a garden, a horse, etc.) иметь машину и т. д.; keep an inn (a hotel, a school, etc.) держать небольшую гостиницу и т. д.; he kept a bar у неге был бар, он был хозяином бара; keep chickens (poultry, bees, sheep, cattles, etc.) держать /разводить/ цыплят и т. д.; keep a cook (a gardener, servants, a butler, a maid, etc.) держать повара и т. д.; keep boarders держать постояльцев; keep lodgers пускать жильцов; she keeps my dog when I am away я оставляю у нее свою собаку /она смотрит за моей собакой/, когда уезжаю; keep good (bad, rough, etc.) company водиться / дружить/ с хорошей и т. д. компанией /с хорошими и т. д. людьми/
    11) keep smth. keep butter (eggs, tea, wine, meat, etc.) иметь [в продаже] масло и т. д., торговать маслом и т. д., this shop keeps everything you need (fresh eggs, fruit, etc.) в этом магазине есть [в продаже] все, что вам нужно и т. д., keep a stock (a large supply) of machine parts (of vegetables, of socks, etc.) иметь на складе или в ассортименте запас (большое количество) деталей машин и т. д.; do you sell buttons? - I am sorry, but we do not keep them у вас продаются пуговицы? - Нет, у нас их в продаже не бывает
    12) keep smth. keep a diary (the score, records, accounts, books, the register, etc.) вести дневник и т. д.; keep house вести хозяйство; keep watch дежурить, стоять на часах
    4. IV
    1) keep smth. in some manner keep one's papers (one's toys, one's books, etc.) together держать свой документы и т. д. в одном месте; I wish you learnt to keep your things together and not leave them all over the house когда же ты научишься держать свой вещи в одном месте и не разбрасывать их по всему дому?
    2) keep smb., smth. somewhere keep the children (the patient, all of us, etc.) at home (here, in, etc.) держать детей и т. д. дома и т. д., не выпускать детей и т. д. из дому и т. д.; the cold weather kept us indoors мы сидели дома /не выходили из дому/ из-за холодной погоды; keep smb., smth. in some manner keep these birds (these animals, these things, etc.) apart (together, etc.) держать этих птиц и т. д. отдельно [друг от друга] и т. д., не держать этих птиц и т. д. в одном месте /вместе/; soldiers kept five abreast солдаты шагали в шеренге по пять [человек] /по пять человек в ряд/
    3) keep smb., smth. for some time keep the boys (one's friends, the newcomers, etc.) long (late, etc.) надолго и т. д. задерживать /не отпускать/ мальчиков и т. д.; I won't keep you long я вас долго не задержу; what kept you so late? из-за чего вы задержались допоздна?; keep these books (this picture, his bicycle, etc.) long долго держать у себя эти книги и т. д.; don't keep my dictionary long побыстрее верните мне словарь, не держите мой словарь долго; can you keep his papers a little longer? вы не могли бы задержать [у себя] его документы еще на некоторое время?; keep smb., smth. somewhere what kept him there? что его там удерживало /задержало/?
    5. V
    1) || keep smb. prisoner держать кого-л. в плену
    2) || keep smb. company составить кому-л. компанию
    6. VI
    semiaux keep smb., smth. in some state keep one's hands clean (warm, etc.) держать руки чистыми и т. д., keep your hands dry смотри, чтобы у тебя были сухие руки; keep the house (the room, etc.) tidy /neat, clean, etc./ содержать дом и т. д. в чистоте; keep the windows open (shut) держать окна открытыми ( закрытыми); keep one's back straight держаться прямо, не горбиться; keep one's eyes open а) держать глаза открытыми; б) не закрывать глаза на происходящее, отдавать себе отчет в том, что происходит; keep one's head cool сохранять спокойствие /хладнокровие/; I want to keep my conscience clean я хочу, чтобы моя совесть была чиста; keep this day free оставлять этот день свободным; keep smb.'s plans secret держать /хранить/ чьи-л. планы в тайне; keep his things intact оставлять его вещи нетронутыми, не дотрагиваться до его вещей; keep meat (fish, etc.) fresh сохранять мясо и т. д. свежим; keep dinner warm не дать обеду остынуть; you must keep yourself warm тебе нельзя охлаждаться, одевайся теплее; keep a razor sharp следить за тем, чтобы бритва не затупилась /всегда была острой/; keep the children quiet не разрешать детям шуметь, утихомирить детей; keep the patient awake не давать больному засыпать; keep the troops alert держать войска в состоянии боевей готовности; keep the prisoner alive сохранять узнику жизнь; keep one's family safe and sound следить за тем, чтобы в семье все были здоровы; keep people happy давать людям счастье; keep the students (the boys, etc.) busy занимать делом студентов и т. д., keep the саг straight веста машину прямо; keep dictionaries (reference books, brushes, etc.) handy держать /иметь/ словарик и т. д. под рукой
    7. VIII
    semiaux keep smb., smth. doing smth. keep them waiting (him standing, one's mother sitting up, the girl working, etc.) заставлять их ждать и т. д., keep the watch going следить за тем, чтобы часы шли; keep the fire burning поддерживать огонь, не дать костру погаснуть; keep the engine running не выключай мотора; keep a light burning не выключать свет; keep the man going придавать человеку бодрости, поддерживать жизнедеятельность человеческого организма id keep the pot boiling зарабатывать на жизнь, следить за тем, чтобы дела шли; keep the ball rolling поддерживать разговор
    8. IX
    keep smb., smth. in some state keep him interested поддерживать его заинтересованность; keep her advised держать ее в курсе дел, сообщать ей о положении дел /о своих планах и т. п./; keep the headquarters well informed /posted/ постоянно держать штаб в курсе дел, давать в штаб подробную информацию; keep smb. covered держать кого-л. на прицеле; keep one's throat protected закутывать /закрывать/ шею
    9. XI
    1) be kept somewhere be kept in a refrigerator (in a storehouse, on file, in the larder, etc.) храниться в холодильнике и т. д., vegetables were kept in the cellar овощи держали /хранили/ в погребе; be kept for smth. these books (these files, etc.) are kept for reference эти книги и т. д. keep для справок
    3) be kept in some place be kept in prison сидеть в тюрьме; be kept in port быть задержанным в порту; he was kept in bed for a whole week его продержали в постели целую неделю; he was kept in with a flu он сидел дома с гриппом; be kept in some manner be kept under arrest /in custody/ находиться /быть/ под арестом; be kept under lock and key содержаться под замком; be kept somewhere by smth. I am kept here by business меня здесь держат дела; we were kept in by rain мы не могли выйти из-за дождя
    4) be kept for some time milk curdles when it is kept too long когда молоко долго стоит, оно скисает
    5) be kept in some manner the rule (the law, this clause of the treaty, etc.) was punctually kept правило и т. д. точно соблюдалось; his promise (his word) was faithfully kept он оказался верным своему обещанию (своему слову); the secret is solemnly kept тайна строго хранится; the rule is to be kept constantly in mind об этом правиле нельзя ни на минуту забывать; these dates (the festivals, etc.) are solemnly (punctually, usually, etc.) kept эти даты и т. д. торжественно и т. д. отмечаются; be kept somewhere this day is kept all over the world (everywhere, etc.) этот день отмечается во всем мире и т. д.
    6) semiaux be kept in some state the road (the garden, etc.) is well (badly) kept дорога и т. д. содержится в хорошем (в плохом) состоянии; his affairs (his books, her accounts, etc.) are kept in good order его дела и т. д. [находятся] в порядке; the methods are kept up-to-date методы все время совершенствуются /модернизируются/; be kept in repair содержаться в хорошем состоянии, не требовать ремонта; the house (the flat, the hotel, etc.) is kept in repair дом и т. д. содержится в хорошем состоянии; my car is kept in repair моя машина всегда в полном порядке
    7) semiaux be kept doing smth. people don't like to be kept waiting никому не нравится ждать; the firm is kept going фирма продолжает существовать /работать/
    10. XIV
    keep doing smth. keep smiling (walking, writing, moving, etc.) продолжать улыбаться и т. д.; keep asking questions (bothering them, giggling, etc.) беспрестанно /все время/ задавать вопросы и т. д.: the thought kept recurring /running/ through my head эта мысль сверлила мне мозг; his words kept ringing in my ears его слова все время звучали у меня в ушах; the baby kept crying all night ребенок плакал всю ночь; my shoe-laces keep coming undone у меня все время /то и дело/ развязываются шнурки; he keeps changing his plans он то и дело меняет свой планы
    11. XV
    keep in some state keep healthy (fit, inactive, etc.) оставаться здоровым и т. д., keep warm не остывать: keep calm /quiet, cool/ сохранять спокойствие, оставаться спокойным: keep silent /still/ а) хранить молчание; б) не шуметь; keep slender сохранять стройность; keep alert [все время] быть настороже, keep alive остаться в живых; keep aloof держаться особняком; keep awake бодрствовать; keep friendly оставаться по-прежнему дружелюбным; keep quiet about it никому об этом не рассказывать; keep cheerful быть неизменно веселым: the weather keeps fine (cool, dry, clear, etc.) [все. еще] стоит хорошая и т. д. погода; the meat (this milk, etc.) will keep good (sweet) till tomorrow мясо и т. д. до завтрашнего дня не испортится /простоит/
    12. XVI
    1) keep to (along, on, behind, etc.) smth., smb. keep to the house (to one's room, to one's office, etc.) не выходить из дому и т. д., keep to the left (to the right, to the middle of the road, to the side of the road, to the hedge, etc.) держаться левой стороны и т. д., идти по левой стороне и т. д.; keep to the north (to the south, etc.) все время идти /держать курс/ на север и т. д.; don't walk on the grass, keep to the path не ходите по траве, идите по дорожке; keep behind me идите за мной следом; keep along the river (along this road for two miles, along the railway line, etc.) идти вдоль /держаться/ реки и т. д., keep at a distance держаться в отдалении /на расстоянии/; keep abreast of /with/ smth. идти в ногу с чем-л.; keep abreast of the lorry (of the motor launch, etc.) не отставать от грузовика и т. д., keep abreast of /with/ the times идти в ногу со временем; keep abreast of /with/ the latest developments in one's subject (of /with/ the progress in technology, of /with/ the current events, with the news, etc.) быть в курсе последних достижений в своей области и т. д., keep abreast of /with/ the fashion не отставать от моды, следить за модой; keep to one's bed не вставать [с постели], быть больным || keep on good (equal, friendly, etc.) terms with smb. сохранять с кем-л. хорошие и т. д. отношения
    2) keep out of / from/ smth. keep out of danger (out of trouble, out of harm, etc.) избегать опасности и т. д.; keep out of quarrel не вмешиваться /не встревать/ в ссору; keep out of mischief не проказничать, вести себя пристойно; keep out of the (smb.'s) way не вертеться (у кого-л.) под ногами, не мешать (кому-л.); keep from drink не пить /воздерживаться от/ алкогольных напитков
    3) keep for (till, etc.) some time keep for months (for a few days, etc.) сохраняться /стоять/ месяцами и т. д.; these apples will keep till spring эти яблоки могут лежать до весны; keep in (on, etc.) smth. milk (fish, meat, etc.) will keep in the freezer (on ice, etc.) молоко и т. д. в морозильнике и т. д. хорошо сохраняется /не портится/; meat doesn't keep in hot weather в жаркую погоду мясо быстро портится || keep in good health оставаться здоровым, не болеть; keep in good repair быть в хорошем состоянии, не требовать ремонта
    4) keep till (for) smth. the matter (the news, your story, etc.) will keep till morning (for another week, etc.) это дело и т. д. может подождать до утра и т. д., с этим делом и т. д. можно повременить до утра и т. д.
    5) keep to smth. keep to the subject (to the point, to one's argument, to the same course of action, to the truth, etc.) не отклоняться /не отходить/ от темы и т. д.; keep to the rules /to the regulations/ соблюдать правила, действовать в соответствии с правилами; keep to the pattern придерживаться данного образца; keep to one's word /to one's promises, to the pledge/ сдержать данное слово; keep to one's determination неуклонно /твердо/ осуществлять свое намерение; keep to a strict diet соблюдать строгую диету, быть на строгой диете; keep to gruel (to plain food, etc.) сидеть на каше и т. д.; keep to one's native language (to the local dialect, etc.) пользоваться родным языком /говорить на родном языке/ и т. д., keep within smth. keep within one's income (within one's means, etc.) жить в соответствии со своим доходом и т. д., keep within the budget не выходить из бюджета; keep within the law держаться в рамках закона; keep within the bounds of truth and dignity не уклоняться от истины и не терять /не ронять/ достоинства; keep in touch with smb., smth. поддерживать связь /контакт/ с кем-л., чем-л.; keep in touch with everything не отставать от века, быть в курсе всего
    6) keep at smth. keep at the subject (at one's French, etc.) упорно заниматься /работать над/ этим предметом и т. д.; keep at one's studies упорно заниматься; in spite of all we said he kept at the job несмотря на наши увещевания, он упорно делал /продолжал/ свое дело; keep at smb. keep at one's brother приставать к /надоедать/ своему брату; keep at him with appeals for money (for payment, for help, etc.) приставать к нему с просьбами дать денег и т. д.
    13. XVII
    keep from doing smth. keep from laughing (from crying, etc.) удерживаться от смеха и т. д.; I could not keep from smiling (from giving expression to my admiration, etc.) я не мог не улыбнуться и т. д.; I tried to keep from looking at her я старался не смотреть на нее
    14. XVIII
    keep to oneself my father (the boy, etc.) kept generally (most of the time, always, etc.) to himself мой отец и т. д. обычно и т. д. держался особняком / мало с кем общался/; keep smth. to oneself keep the news (the matter, one's impressions, one's remarks, etc.) to oneself держать эти новости и т. д. в тайне, никому не рассказывать этих новостей и т. д.; he kept his sorrow /grief/ to himself он ни с кем не делился своим горем; keep smth. about oneself keep some change about oneself иметь при себе мелочь; I never keep important papers about myself я никогда не ношу с собой важные документы; keep smth. for oneself you may keep the picture for yourself эту картину можете оставить себе /взять себе/ насовсем || keep oneself to oneself а) быть необщительным; б) держаться в стороне, не лезть в чужие дела
    15. XXI1
    1) keep smb., smth. in (at, on, under, eft.) smth. keep the child in bed держать ребенка в постели, не разрешать ребенку вставать; keep a rabbit in a box (lions at the zoo, a prisoner in a cell, a thief in prison, books in a bookcase, a stick in one's hand, etc.) держать кролика в ящике и т. д.; keep one's letters under lock and key держать свои письма под замком; keep a man in custody держать человека под арестом; keep smb. in irons держать кого-л. в кандалах, заковать кого-л. [в цепи]; keep the key in the lock (one's hands in one's pockets, etc.) не вынимать ключ из замка и т. д.; keep a revolver in one's pocket носить револьвер в кармане; keep one's money in a safe хранить деньги в сейфе; keep one's head above water держаться на поверхности; keep the river within its bed не дать реке выйти из берегов, удерживать реку в русле; keep the chain on the door держать дверь на цепочке; keep smb., smth. for some time will you keep my dog for a month? нельзя ли оставить у вас на месяц [мою] собаку?
    2) keep smb., smth. at (from, out of) smth., smb. keep the students at work /at their job/ (at their studies, etc.) не разрешать студентам прекращать работу и т. д., you must keep him at his books вы должны следить, чтобы он усердно занимался; keep the boy at school оставлять мальчика в школе; keep children (workers, etc.) from [their] work (from their task, etc.) не давать детям и т. д. работать и т. д., these books keep me from work эти книги отвлекают меня от работы; keep the boy from school не пустить мальчика в школу; keep him from these people не давать ему общаться или водить дружбу с этими людьми; keep the tears from one's eyes удержать слезы; keep them from danger (the girl from all harm, etc.) уберегать их от опасности и т. д.; keep him out of my way! a) убери его с дороги!; б) пусть он не вертится у меня под ногами!; keep children out of school не пускать детей в школу, не давать детям учиться; keep children out of mischief не давать детям проказничать; keep her out of trouble (out of harm's way, etc.) уберечь ее от неприятностей и т. д.; how can we keep the boy out of her clutches? как нам оградить парня от ее влияния?
    3) keep smth., smb. for (till, etc.) some time keep the fruit till evening оставить фрукты на вечер; she will keep the cake until tomorrow она оставит торт до завтрашнего дня /на завтра/; keep him for an hour задержи его на час; keep smth. for smth., smb. keep this meat for dinner (the wine for company, this bit of gossip for her, etc.) приберегать /оставлять/ это мясо на обед и т. д., keep the money for the future откладывать деньги на будущее; I keep the book for reference я держу эту книгу для справок; keep a seat for me займите мне место; I kept this picture for you я оставил эту картину для вас; keep smth. from smb. keep the news from her friends (something from me, etc.) утаивать эту новость от друзей и т. д., не сообщать эту новость друзьям и т. д., she can keep nothing from him она от него ничего не может скрыть
    4) keep, smb. , smth. in (under) smth. keep the man in a state of fear (in awe of him, in suspense, in ignorance, etc.) держать человека в состоянии страха и т. д.; keep a child in good health [постоянно] следить за здоровьем ребенка; keep the village (enemy troops, etc.) under fire держать деревню и т. д. под огнем /под обстрелом/; keep the house (the ship. etc.) in good condition (in a state of repair, etc.) (содержать дом и т. д. в хорошем состоянии и т. д.; keep smth. under observation держать что-л. под наблюдением || keep him at a distance /at an arm's length/ не подпускать его близко, держать его на расстоянии; keep smb., smth. in mind помнить /не забывать/ кого-л., чего-л.; will you keep me in mind? вы будете иметь меня в виду?; keep smb. in the dark about smth. coll. не сообщать кому-л. /держать кого-л. в неведении/ относительно чего-л.; keep one's wife (one's mother, etc.) in the dark about one's plans держать жену и т. д. в неведении относительно своих планов; keep smb.'s mind off smth. отвлекать кого-л. от чего-л.; keep his mind off his troubles не давать ему думать о неприятностях; keep smb. to his promise /to his word/ вынудить / заставить/ кого-л. сдержать свое обещание ( свое слово); keep track of smth. следить за чем-л.; keep track of events быть в курсе событий, следить за событиями; keep smb., smth. in check сдерживать кого-л., что-л.; keep the epidemic of typhus (the process of erosion, the enemy, etc.) in check препятствовать распространению эпидемии тифа и т. д.
    5) keep smth. for some time if you want to keep fish (meat, butter, etc.) for a long time (for a month, etc.) freeze it если вам надо сохранить рыбу и т. д. подольше /чтобы рыба и т. д. долго полежала/ и т. д., заморозьте ее
    6) keep smb. on smth. keep the patient on a diet (on gruel, on milk, etc.) держать больного на диете и т. д., keep smth. at some level keep the temperature at 80° (the speed at 60 miles per hour, etc.) поддерживать /держать/ температуру на уровне восьмидесяти градусов и т. д. || keep расе /step/ with smb., smth. идти в ногу с кем-л., чем-л., не отставать от кого-л., чего-л.; keep расе with the times (with the events, with the rest of team, etc.) идти в ногу со временем и т. д., keep company with smb. дружить с кем-л.; keep company with grown-up girls водиться /дружить/ со взрослыми девочками
    7) keep smb. at /in/ smth. keep employees at the office (the delegates at the conference, me at home, him in the country, etc.) задерживать служащих на работе и т. д., there was nothing to keep me in England меня ничего больше не задерживало /не удерживало/ в Англии
    8) keep smth. against smb. keep a town (a fort, a castle, a road, etc.) against the enemy защищать город и т. д. от противника; keep smth. at smth. keep the goal at football стоять в воротах, защищать ворота [во время футбольного матча]
    9) keep smb. on smth. he cannot keep a wife on his income на свои доходы он не может содержать жену; keep smb. in smth. coll. keep smb. in cigarettes (in chocolates, in nylons, etc.) хватать кому-л. на сигареты и т. д., keep oneself in clothes (in food, in beer, etc.) обеспечивать себя одеждой и т. д., such jobs barely kept him in clothes такие заработки едва покрывали его расходы на одежду; keep smb. in хате state the miser kept his mother and sister in poverty этот скупец держал свою мать и сестру в нищете
    10) keep smth., smb. for smth. keep fruit (butter, fresh eggs, stamps, postcards, etc.) for sale торговать фруктами и т. д., иметь фрукты и т. д. в продаже; keep dogs (hens, birds, etc.) for sale держать собак и т. д. на продажу || keep eggs (butter, etc.) in store /in reserve/ иметь запасы яиц и т. д.; what do you keep in stock? что у вас есть в наличии /в ассортименте, в продаже/?
    16. XXII
    1) keep smb., smth. from doing smth. keep one's brother from going there (the child from talking too much, etc.) удерживать брата от этой поездки и т. д., не давать брату поехать туда и т. д.; keep him from asking questions не давай /не позволяй/ ему задавать вопросы; keep the enemy from getting to know our plans (the child from hurting himself, the girl from learning too much, etc.) не допустить, чтобы противник узнал о наших планах и т. д.; keep the old man from falling (the fruit from rotting, etc.) не дать старику упасть и т. д.; keep the child from eating too much не допускать, чтобы ребенок ел слишком много; what shall I do to keep this light dress from getting dirty? что мне делать, чтобы это светлое платье не пачкалось /не грязнилось/?; we must do something to keep the roof from falling надо что-то сделать, чтобы не обвалилась крыша; the noise kept him from sleeping шум мешал ему спать; urgent business kept us from joining you срочные дела помешали нам присоединиться к вам
    2) || keep smb., smth. in training поддерживать кого-л., что-л. в хорошей форме; you should keep your memory in training вы должны все время тренировать память; what's the best way of keeping the team in training? как лучше всего держать команду в спортивной форме?
    17. XXIV1
    keep smth. as smth.
    1) keep this photo (this little book, etc.) as a remembrance хранить эту фотографию и т. д. как память
    2) keep the date as a day of mourning (as a jubilee, as a holiday, etc.) отмечать эту дату как день траура и т. д.
    18. XXV
    keep where... keep where you are не трогайтесь с места

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > keep

  • 35 положение

    ср.
    1) position, location, whereabouts положение вне чего-л. ≈ exteriority
    2) position, attitude, posture положение 'на плечо'carry воен. в сидячем положении
    3) situation;
    state, condition;
    standing, status находиться в отчаянном положении ≈ to be in desperate straits/condition считать положение/вопрос очень серьезным ≈ to take a grave view of the matter по( занимаемому) положению ≈ by one's position;
    ex officio международное положениеinternational situation, world situation военное положение семейное положение официальное положение социальное положение материальное положение чрезвычайное положение осадное положение безнадежное положение внутриполитическое положение выигрышное положение затруднительное положение трудное положение зыбкое положение критическое положение ложное положение пиковое положение угрожающее положение шаткое положение щекотливое положение щекотливость положения благоприятное положение безвыходное положение
    4) thesis мн. theses;
    clause;
    provisions мн. (соглашения)
    5) (свод правил) regulations мн.;
    statute по положениюбыть на высоте положения ≈ to be up to the mark, to be on top of the situation войти в чье-л. положение ≈ to understand smb.'s position;
    to sympathize with smb. - спасать положение ставить в глупое положение положение дел положение вещей выходить из положения быть в интересном положении господин положения хозяин положения выход из положения человек с положением
    положени|е - с.
    1. (местонахождение) position;
    определить ~ судна determine a ship`s position, locate a ship;

    2. (поза) position, posture;
    в сидячем ~и in a sitting position/posture;
    исходное ~ спорт. starting position;
    принимать стартовое ~ take* up starting position;
    опасное ~ (в борьбе и т.п.) position of danger;

    3. (состояние) state;
    (условия жизни) condition;
    situation;
    быть на нелегальном ~и be* in hiding, be* operating illegally;
    ~ вещей state of things/affairs каково ~ вещей? what is the state of affairs?, how do things stand?;
    ~ рабочих the condition of the workers;
    он находится в тяжёлом ~и his position is serious, he is in a very serious position;
    быть в стеснённом ~и be* hard up, be* in straits;
    критическое ~ critical situation;
    ~ 'вне игры' спорт. off-side position;
    ~ на рынке эк. market position;
    ~ точки съёмки camera view point position;

    4. (обстановка общественной жизни) situation;
    международное ~ international situation;

    5. (место в обществе) status, position;
    служебное ~ official status, status at work;
    ~ в обществе place/role in society;

    6. (режим) state;
    чрезвычайное ~ state of emergency;

    7. (свод правил) regulations pl., rule pl. ;
    ~ о подоходном налоге income tax regulations pl. ;
    ~ о выборах election regulations pl. ;

    8. (тезис) principle;
    основные ~я main principles;

    9. (в информатике) location;
    быть в ~и разг. (о женщинах) be* in the family way;
    быть на высоте ~я be* up to the mark;
    хозяинmaster of the situation.

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > положение

  • 36 Lage

    Lage f 1. GEN position, situation, sit., status; 2. V&M, IND, WIWI location (Standort; Weinbergslage in der Weinwirtschaft) die Lage pessimistisch betrachten GEN take a gloomy view of the situation die Lage prüfen GEN size up the situation in der Lage sein zu GEN be in a position to nach Lage der Dinge GEN, RECHT in the circumstances, under the circumstances
    * * *
    f < Geschäft> position, situation (sit.), status ■ die Lage pessimistisch betrachten < Geschäft> take a gloomy view of the situation ■ die Lage prüfen < Geschäft> size up the situation ■ in der Lage sein zu < Geschäft> be in a position to ■ nach Lage der Dinge <Geschäft, Recht> in/under the circumstances
    * * *
    Lage
    state, position, situation, condition, footing, circumstances, lines, (Belegenheit) aspect, locality, situs, exposure, location (US), (Buchbinderei) gathering, (Garnitur, Satz) set;
    in bedrängter Lage in straitened circumstances (narrow straits);
    je nach Lage des Falles as the case may be;
    angespannte Lage tight situation, (Betrieb) overextension;
    außenwirtschaftliche Lage external economic situation;
    finanzielle Lage financial showing (position, condition), pecuniary circumstances;
    gesunde finanzielle Lage sound financial position;
    meine finanzielle Lage my worldly circumstances;
    gefährliche Lage distress, state of danger;
    geschäftliche Lage status;
    liquiditätspolitische Lage liquidity status;
    prekäre Lage precarious situation;
    rechtliche Lage legal position;
    steuerliche Lage tax status, taxation position;
    ungünstige Lage disadvantage;
    verkehrsgünstige Lage desirable location;
    allgemeine wirtschaftliche Lagee general economic outlook;
    Lage der Arbeiter conditions of the workers;
    Lage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt manpower situation;
    finanzielle Lage eines laufenden Betriebes going-concern position;
    Lage am Effektenmarkt stock-market situation;
    finanzielle Lage [des Ehemanns im Scheidungsfall] faculties;
    allgemeine Lage in Europa outlook in Europe;
    finanzielle Lage einer Firma financial standing of a firm;
    Lage eines Grundstücks site, situs, locality;
    Lage der öffentlichen Haushalte public-finance situation;
    angespannte Lage des Kapitalmarktes stringency of the capital market;
    Lage des Marktes state of the market;
    gute Lage für den Standort neuer Industriezweige suitable location for new factories (US);
    sich in einer kritischen Lage befinden to be in an insecure position;
    sich finanziell in einer schlimmen Lage befinden to be at one’s beam-ends;
    nach Lage der Akten entscheiden to decide on its merits;
    Überblick über die internationale Lage geben to survey the international situation;
    in bedrängter Lage sein to have one’s back to the wall, to be hard up, to be in a predicament (state of distress);
    finanzielle Lage einer Firma richtig wiedergeben to represent fairly the financial position of a company;
    Lageänderung business trend;
    kontraktive Lageänderung regressive business trend;
    Lagebericht background (situation, status) report, fact-finding survey, summary (estimate) of the situation;
    Lagebesprechung briefing;
    Lagebestimmung orientation;
    Lageort situs (lat.).

    Business german-english dictionary > Lage

  • 37 centro

    m.
    1 center.
    centro de atracción center of attraction
    centro de gravedad center of gravity
    centro de interés center of interest
    centro de mesa centerpiece
    centro nervioso nerve center
    centro óptico optic center
    centro de cálculo computer center
    centro cívico community center
    centro docente o de enseñanza educational institution
    centro recreativo leisure center
    3 city/town center.
    me voy al centro I'm going to town
    centro ciudad o urbano city/town center (en letrero)
    4 center of the city, downtown, city centre.
    5 Centro.
    6 centrum.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: centrar.
    * * *
    1 centre (US center), middle
    2 (de ciudad) town centre, city centre, US downtown area
    me voy al centro I'm going into town, US I'm going downtown
    3 (asociación) centre (US center), association, institution
    4 DEPORTE cross, centre (US center)
    5 PLÍTICA centre (US center)
    \
    centro benéfico charitable organization
    centro ciudad city centre, US downtown area
    centro comercial shopping centre, US mall
    centro cultural cultural centre (US center)
    centro de atracción centre (US center) of attraction
    centro de enseñanza educational institution
    centro de gravedad centre of gravity
    centro de interés centre (US center) of interest
    centro de mesa centrepiece (US centerpiece)
    centro docente educational institution
    centro sanitario hospital, clinic
    medio centro DEPORTE centre (US center) half
    partido de centro PLÍTICA centre (US center) party
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    1. SM
    1) (=medio) centre, center (EEUU)

    las regiones del centro del país — the central areas of the country, the areas in the centre of the country

    2) [de ciudad] centre, center (EEUU)

    no se puede aparcar en el centro — you can't park in the centre (of town), you can't park downtown (EEUU)

    un edificio del centro de Madrida building in the centre of Madrid o in Madrid town centre o (EEUU) in downtown Madrid

    centro ciudad — city centre, town centre

    ir al centro — to go into town, go downtown (EEUU)

    3) (Pol) centre, center (EEUU)

    ser de centro[persona] to be a moderate; [partido] to be in the centre

    los partidos de centro izquierda — the parties of the centre left, the centre-left parties

    4) (=foco) [de huracán] centre, center (EEUU); [de incendio] seat

    ser el centro de atención o atracción o interésto be the focus o centre of attention

    Zaire fue el centro del interés internacionalZaire was the focus of o was at the centre of international attention

    ser un centro de intrigasto be a hotbed of intrigue

    ser el centro de las miradas, Roma es estos días el centro de todas las miradas — all eyes are on Rome at the moment

    5) (=establecimiento) centre, center (EEUU)

    centro comercial — shopping centre, shopping mall

    centro cultural[en un barrio, institución] (local) arts centre; [de otro país] cultural centre

    centro de acogida, centro de acogida de menores — children's home

    centro de coordinación[de la policía] operations room

    centro de enseñanza[gen] educational institution; (=colegio) school

    centro de enseñanza media, centro de enseñanza secundaria — secondary school

    centro de jardinería — garden centre, garden center (EEUU)

    centro de rastreo — (Astron) tracking centre

    centro médico[gen] medical establishment; (=hospital) hospital

    centro penitenciario — prison, penitentiary (EEUU)

    centro recreacional Cuba, Ven sports centre, leisure centre

    centro sanitario= centro médico

    centro universitario(=facultad) faculty; (=universidad) university

    6) (=población)

    centro turístico(=lugar muy visitado) tourist centre; [diseñado para turistas] tourist resort

    centro urbano — urban area, city

    7) (=ropa) CAm (=juego) trousers and waistcoat, pants and vest (EEUU); And, Caribe (=enaguas) underskirt; And (=falda) thick flannel skirt
    2.
    SMF (Ftbl) centre

    delantero centro — centre-forward

    medio centro — centre-half

    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (Mat) center*
    b) ( área central) center*

    ir al centro de la ciudadto go downtown (AmE), to go into town o into the town centre (BrE)

    centro ciudad/urbano — downtown (AmE), city/town centre (BrE)

    2) ( foco)
    a) ( de atención) center*
    b) (de actividades, servicios) center*

    un gran centro cultural/industrial — a major cultural/industrial center

    3) (establecimiento, institución) center*
    4) (Pol) center*
    5) ( en fútbol) cross, center*
    II
    1)
    a) (Mat) center*
    b) ( área central) center*

    ir al centro de la ciudadto go downtown (AmE), to go into town o into the town centre (BrE)

    centro ciudad/urbano — downtown (AmE), city/town centre (BrE)

    2) ( foco)
    a) ( de atención) center*
    b) (de actividades, servicios) center*

    un gran centro cultural/industrial — a major cultural/industrial center

    3) (establecimiento, institución) center*
    4) (Pol) center*
    5) ( en fútbol) cross, center*
    6) centro masculino y femenino ( jugador) center*
    * * *
    = centre [center, -USA], core, hub, office, locus [loci, -pl.], focal point, operation, centrepoint [centerpoint, -USA], pivot.
    Ex. Over 3,000 such centres were set up, but most had closed by 1949.
    Ex. The main list of index terms is the core of the thesaurus and defines the index language.
    Ex. And since the main entry is the hub and most exacting aspect of our cataloging process, its replacement by a title-unit entry would greatly simplify the problem and expedite the operation of cataloging.
    Ex. The principal sprang up from her chair and began to perambulate with swift, precise movements about her spacious office.
    Ex. The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Ex. The library needs to be developed as the focal point of the community, a place where the public can drop in for all kinds of activities, not necessarily book-related or 'cultural'.
    Ex. When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.
    Ex. In our capacity as centerpoints for local activities, we may be equipped with card production equipment for producing catalog cards through the state division of OCLC.
    Ex. The use of decimal notation is seen as the pivot of Dewey's scheme and notational systems are analysed generally and compared with Dewey's.
    ----
    * barrios pobres del centro de la ciudad = inner city.
    * biblioteca de centro penitenciario = prison library.
    * centro accesible mediante Telnet = Telnet-accesible site.
    * centro administrativo = administrative centre.
    * centro artístico = art(s) centre.
    * Centro Bibliotecario en Línea (OCLC) = OCLC (Online Computer Library Center).
    * centro cívico = civic centre.
    * centro comercial = shopping centre, shopping precinct, mall of shops, shopping mall, mall, outlet mall, plaza.
    * centro comunitario = village hall.
    * centro coordinador = focal point, switching point, coordinating centre, hub.
    * centro coordinador de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].
    * centro cultural = cultural centre, cultural institution, cultural venue.
    * centro de acogida = runaway shelter, refuge, shelter, homeless shelter, shelter home.
    * centro de acogida de animales = animal shelter.
    * centro de acogida de mujeres = women's shelter.
    * centro de actividad = focal point.
    * centro de adquisiciones = acquisition centre.
    * centro de análisis de la información = information analysis centre.
    * centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * centro de asesoramiento = counselling centre.
    * centro de asistencia social = welfare facility.
    * centro de atención = centre of attention, limelight, centrepiece [centerpiece, -USA], centre stage, focus of concern, focus of interest, focus of attention, focus.
    * centro de atención al ciudadano = advice centre.
    * centro de audio = audio centre.
    * centro de ayuda al empleo = job-help centre.
    * centro de barrio = neighbourhood centre.
    * centro de belleza = beauty centre.
    * centro de cálculo = computer centre, computing centre, central computing facility.
    * centro de catalogación = cataloguing department.
    * centro de computación = computing centre.
    * centro de comunicaciones = communications hub.
    * centro de congresos = conference centre, convention centre.
    * centro de control = locus of control, mission control.
    * centro de coordinación = re-routing centre.
    * centro de datos = data centre.
    * centro de deportes = sports centre.
    * centro de detención = detention centre.
    * centro de día = day care centre, day centre.
    * centro de día para mayores = day centre for the elderly.
    * centro de distribución = distribution centre.
    * Centro de Distribución de Documentos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLDSC) = British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC).
    * centro de documentación = clearinghouse [clearing house], documentation centre, information centre, information unit, research centre.
    * centro de educación de adultos = adult learning centre, adult learner centre.
    * centro de educación infantil = early education centre.
    * centro de educación sanitaria = consumer health centre, consumer health information centre.
    * centro de, el = centre of, the.
    * centro de enseñanza = education centre.
    * centro de esquí artificial = dry ski centre.
    * centro de estudios = study centre.
    * Centro de Europa = Mitteleurope.
    * centro de gravedad = centre of gravity.
    * centro de información = information agency, information centre.
    * Centro de Información al Ciudadano = Public Information Center (PIC).
    * centro de información ciudadana = community information centre, neighbourhood information centre (NIC).
    * centro de información laboral = job information centre.
    * centro de información sectorial = sectoral information centre.
    * Centro de Información sobre el Ayuntamiento = Kommune Information Centre.
    * centro de investigación = research centre, research unit.
    * centro de jardinería = garden centre.
    * centro de la ciudad = central city, downtown, city centre.
    * centro de las ciencias = science centre.
    * centro del campo = halfway line.
    * centro de Londres = Inner London.
    * centro del pueblo = town centre.
    * centro del visitante = visitor's centre.
    * centro de material didáctico escolar = school resource centre.
    * centro de menores = young offender institution.
    * centro de mesa = epergne.
    * centro de ocio = recreation centre, recreational centre.
    * centro de orientación = referral centre.
    * centro de planificación familiar = family planning clinic, planned parenthood centre.
    * centro deportivo = sports centre.
    * centro de proceso de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].
    * centro de recepción de ovejas = sheep station.
    * centro de recepción y envío = shipping point.
    * centro de reciclado = recycling centre.
    * centro de recursos = resource centre.
    * centro de recursos multimedia = media resource centre.
    * centro de recursos para el aprendizaje (CRA) = learning hub, learning resource centre (LRC).
    * centro de referencia = reference centre.
    * centro de rehabilitación = rehabilitation clinic, rehabilitation centre.
    * centro de reinserción social = half-way house.
    * centro de salud = health centre.
    * centro de trabajo = workplace.
    * centro de vacaciones = resort, tourist resort.
    * centro de vacaciones costero = coastal resort, seaside resort, seaside tourist resort.
    * centro de veraneo = summer resort.
    * centro de veraneo costero = seaside resort, coastal resort.
    * centro educativo = educational centre.
    * centro electoral = polling district.
    * centro financiero = financial centre.
    * centro industrial = manufacturing centre.
    * centro informático = computing centre.
    * Centro Internacional para la Descripción Bibliográfica del UNISIST = UNIBID.
    * centro litúrgico = church centre.
    * centro multimedia = library media centre, media centre.
    * centro multimedia escolar = school media centre, school library media centre.
    * centro municipal de información = local authority information outlet.
    * Centro Nacional de Préstamos = National Lending Centre.
    * centro neurálgico = powerhouse, power engine.
    * centro neurálgico, el = nerve centre, the.
    * centro penitenciario = penitentiary.
    * centro piloto = pilot centre.
    * centro recreativo = recreation centre, recreational centre.
    * centro regional = regional centre.
    * centro religioso = church centre.
    * centro social = community centre, village hall, social centre, drop-in centre, community hall.
    * centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.
    * centro turístico = tourist resort, resort, summer resort.
    * centro turístico costero = beachside resort, seaside resort, coastal resort, seaside tourist resort.
    * centro tutelar de menores = juvenile detention centre.
    * centro urbano = downtown, city centre, town centre.
    * conseguir ser el centro de atención = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight, grab + the limelight.
    * del centro = middle.
    * el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.
    * en el centro de = at the heart of.
    * en el mismo centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).
    * hacia el centro de la ciudad = townward.
    * ir al centro = go + downtown.
    * justo en en centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).
    * material del centro de recursos = resource centre material.
    * mesa de centro = coffee table.
    * mesita de centro = coffee table.
    * no tomándose a uno como el centro de referencia = ex-centric [excentric].
    * pasar a ser el centro de atención = take + centre stage.
    * pasar a ser el centro de atención = come into + focus.
    * período de prácticas en centros = practicum.
    * personal de un centro multimedia escolar = school media staff.
    * poner el centro de atención = put + focus.
    * ser el centro de atención = steal + the limelight, steal + the show, cut + a dash.
    * ser el centro de todas las miradas = cut + a dash.
    * tomándose a uno como centro de referencia = centric.
    * un centro único = one stop shop.
    * visita a centros profesionales = study tour.
    * zona del centro = midsection [mid-section].
    * zona deprimida del centro de la ciudad = inner city.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (Mat) center*
    b) ( área central) center*

    ir al centro de la ciudadto go downtown (AmE), to go into town o into the town centre (BrE)

    centro ciudad/urbano — downtown (AmE), city/town centre (BrE)

    2) ( foco)
    a) ( de atención) center*
    b) (de actividades, servicios) center*

    un gran centro cultural/industrial — a major cultural/industrial center

    3) (establecimiento, institución) center*
    4) (Pol) center*
    5) ( en fútbol) cross, center*
    II
    1)
    a) (Mat) center*
    b) ( área central) center*

    ir al centro de la ciudadto go downtown (AmE), to go into town o into the town centre (BrE)

    centro ciudad/urbano — downtown (AmE), city/town centre (BrE)

    2) ( foco)
    a) ( de atención) center*
    b) (de actividades, servicios) center*

    un gran centro cultural/industrial — a major cultural/industrial center

    3) (establecimiento, institución) center*
    4) (Pol) center*
    5) ( en fútbol) cross, center*
    6) centro masculino y femenino ( jugador) center*
    * * *
    = centre [center, -USA], core, hub, office, locus [loci, -pl.], focal point, operation, centrepoint [centerpoint, -USA], pivot.

    Ex: Over 3,000 such centres were set up, but most had closed by 1949.

    Ex: The main list of index terms is the core of the thesaurus and defines the index language.
    Ex: And since the main entry is the hub and most exacting aspect of our cataloging process, its replacement by a title-unit entry would greatly simplify the problem and expedite the operation of cataloging.
    Ex: The principal sprang up from her chair and began to perambulate with swift, precise movements about her spacious office.
    Ex: The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Ex: The library needs to be developed as the focal point of the community, a place where the public can drop in for all kinds of activities, not necessarily book-related or 'cultural'.
    Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.
    Ex: In our capacity as centerpoints for local activities, we may be equipped with card production equipment for producing catalog cards through the state division of OCLC.
    Ex: The use of decimal notation is seen as the pivot of Dewey's scheme and notational systems are analysed generally and compared with Dewey's.
    * barrios pobres del centro de la ciudad = inner city.
    * biblioteca de centro penitenciario = prison library.
    * centro accesible mediante Telnet = Telnet-accesible site.
    * centro administrativo = administrative centre.
    * centro artístico = art(s) centre.
    * Centro Bibliotecario en Línea (OCLC) = OCLC (Online Computer Library Center).
    * centro cívico = civic centre.
    * centro comercial = shopping centre, shopping precinct, mall of shops, shopping mall, mall, outlet mall, plaza.
    * centro comunitario = village hall.
    * centro coordinador = focal point, switching point, coordinating centre, hub.
    * centro coordinador de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].
    * centro cultural = cultural centre, cultural institution, cultural venue.
    * centro de acogida = runaway shelter, refuge, shelter, homeless shelter, shelter home.
    * centro de acogida de animales = animal shelter.
    * centro de acogida de mujeres = women's shelter.
    * centro de actividad = focal point.
    * centro de adquisiciones = acquisition centre.
    * centro de análisis de la información = information analysis centre.
    * centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * centro de asesoramiento = counselling centre.
    * centro de asistencia social = welfare facility.
    * centro de atención = centre of attention, limelight, centrepiece [centerpiece, -USA], centre stage, focus of concern, focus of interest, focus of attention, focus.
    * centro de atención al ciudadano = advice centre.
    * centro de audio = audio centre.
    * centro de ayuda al empleo = job-help centre.
    * centro de barrio = neighbourhood centre.
    * centro de belleza = beauty centre.
    * centro de cálculo = computer centre, computing centre, central computing facility.
    * centro de catalogación = cataloguing department.
    * centro de computación = computing centre.
    * centro de comunicaciones = communications hub.
    * centro de congresos = conference centre, convention centre.
    * centro de control = locus of control, mission control.
    * centro de coordinación = re-routing centre.
    * centro de datos = data centre.
    * centro de deportes = sports centre.
    * centro de detención = detention centre.
    * centro de día = day care centre, day centre.
    * centro de día para mayores = day centre for the elderly.
    * centro de distribución = distribution centre.
    * Centro de Distribución de Documentos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLDSC) = British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC).
    * centro de documentación = clearinghouse [clearing house], documentation centre, information centre, information unit, research centre.
    * centro de educación de adultos = adult learning centre, adult learner centre.
    * centro de educación infantil = early education centre.
    * centro de educación sanitaria = consumer health centre, consumer health information centre.
    * centro de, el = centre of, the.
    * centro de enseñanza = education centre.
    * centro de esquí artificial = dry ski centre.
    * centro de estudios = study centre.
    * Centro de Europa = Mitteleurope.
    * centro de gravedad = centre of gravity.
    * centro de información = information agency, information centre.
    * Centro de Información al Ciudadano = Public Information Center (PIC).
    * centro de información ciudadana = community information centre, neighbourhood information centre (NIC).
    * centro de información laboral = job information centre.
    * centro de información sectorial = sectoral information centre.
    * Centro de Información sobre el Ayuntamiento = Kommune Information Centre.
    * centro de investigación = research centre, research unit.
    * centro de jardinería = garden centre.
    * centro de la ciudad = central city, downtown, city centre.
    * centro de las ciencias = science centre.
    * centro del campo = halfway line.
    * centro de Londres = Inner London.
    * centro del pueblo = town centre.
    * centro del visitante = visitor's centre.
    * centro de material didáctico escolar = school resource centre.
    * centro de menores = young offender institution.
    * centro de mesa = epergne.
    * centro de ocio = recreation centre, recreational centre.
    * centro de orientación = referral centre.
    * centro de planificación familiar = family planning clinic, planned parenthood centre.
    * centro deportivo = sports centre.
    * centro de proceso de información = clearinghouse [clearing house].
    * centro de recepción de ovejas = sheep station.
    * centro de recepción y envío = shipping point.
    * centro de reciclado = recycling centre.
    * centro de recursos = resource centre.
    * centro de recursos multimedia = media resource centre.
    * centro de recursos para el aprendizaje (CRA) = learning hub, learning resource centre (LRC).
    * centro de referencia = reference centre.
    * centro de rehabilitación = rehabilitation clinic, rehabilitation centre.
    * centro de reinserción social = half-way house.
    * centro de salud = health centre.
    * centro de trabajo = workplace.
    * centro de vacaciones = resort, tourist resort.
    * centro de vacaciones costero = coastal resort, seaside resort, seaside tourist resort.
    * centro de veraneo = summer resort.
    * centro de veraneo costero = seaside resort, coastal resort.
    * centro educativo = educational centre.
    * centro electoral = polling district.
    * centro financiero = financial centre.
    * centro industrial = manufacturing centre.
    * centro informático = computing centre.
    * Centro Internacional para la Descripción Bibliográfica del UNISIST = UNIBID.
    * centro litúrgico = church centre.
    * centro multimedia = library media centre, media centre.
    * centro multimedia escolar = school media centre, school library media centre.
    * centro municipal de información = local authority information outlet.
    * Centro Nacional de Préstamos = National Lending Centre.
    * centro neurálgico = powerhouse, power engine.
    * centro neurálgico, el = nerve centre, the.
    * centro penitenciario = penitentiary.
    * centro piloto = pilot centre.
    * centro recreativo = recreation centre, recreational centre.
    * centro regional = regional centre.
    * centro religioso = church centre.
    * centro social = community centre, village hall, social centre, drop-in centre, community hall.
    * centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.
    * centro turístico = tourist resort, resort, summer resort.
    * centro turístico costero = beachside resort, seaside resort, coastal resort, seaside tourist resort.
    * centro tutelar de menores = juvenile detention centre.
    * centro urbano = downtown, city centre, town centre.
    * conseguir ser el centro de atención = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight, grab + the limelight.
    * del centro = middle.
    * el centro de atención + ser = all eyes + be + on.
    * en el centro de = at the heart of.
    * en el mismo centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).
    * hacia el centro de la ciudad = townward.
    * ir al centro = go + downtown.
    * justo en en centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).
    * material del centro de recursos = resource centre material.
    * mesa de centro = coffee table.
    * mesita de centro = coffee table.
    * no tomándose a uno como el centro de referencia = ex-centric [excentric].
    * pasar a ser el centro de atención = take + centre stage.
    * pasar a ser el centro de atención = come into + focus.
    * período de prácticas en centros = practicum.
    * personal de un centro multimedia escolar = school media staff.
    * poner el centro de atención = put + focus.
    * ser el centro de atención = steal + the limelight, steal + the show, cut + a dash.
    * ser el centro de todas las miradas = cut + a dash.
    * tomándose a uno como centro de referencia = centric.
    * un centro único = one stop shop.
    * visita a centros profesionales = study tour.
    * zona del centro = midsection [mid-section].
    * zona deprimida del centro de la ciudad = inner city.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Mat) center*
    2 (área central) center*
    en el centro de la habitación in the middle o center of the room
    el terremoto afectó al centro del país the earthquake affected the central region o the center of the country
    los países del centro de Europa the countries of Central Europe
    vive en pleno centro de la ciudad she lives right in the center of the town/city
    tengo que ir al centro a hacer unas compras I have to go downtown to do some shopping ( AmE), I have to go into town o into the town centre to do some shopping ( BrE)
    [ S ] centro ciudad downtown ( AmE), city/town centre ( BrE)
    delantero3 (↑ delantero (3))
    Compuestos:
    center* of gravity
    midfield
    centerpiece*
    nerve center*
    center* of power
    1 (de atención) center*
    ha sido el centro de todos los comentarios it has been the main talking point
    se ha convertido estos días en el centro de interés it has become the focus of attention recently
    fue el centro de atracción durante la fiesta she was the center of attention at the party
    ha hecho de su marido el centro de su existencia she has centered her life around her husband
    2 (de actividades, servicios) center*
    centro administrativo administrative center
    un gran centro cultural/industrial a major cultural/industrial center
    Compuestos:
    center* of interest to tourists
    centro de llamadas or ( AmL tb) llamados
    call center*
    operations center*, operations room ( BrE)
    urban center*, population center*
    holiday center*
    ( AmL) leisure center*
    tourist resort o center*
    C (establecimiento, institución) center*
    el centro anglo-peruano the Anglo-Peruvian center
    Compuestos:
    civic center*
    shopping mall ( AmE), shopping centre ( BrE)
    (en Esp) private school o college ( which receives a state subsidy)
    ( Méx) market
    centro de acogida de refugiados reception center* for refugees
    support center*
    primary care center*
    call center*
    user support center*
    help center*
    computer center*
    control center*
    conference center*
    coordination center*
    centro de costos or ( Esp) costes
    cost center*
    cultural center*
    detention center*
    spy headquarters
    private school, academy
    management center*
    information center*
    detention center*
    research center*, research establishment
    speech therapy clinic
    ( Esp) high-tech leisure center*
    family planning clinic
    sports center*
    detention center*
    health center*
    service center*
    telecommunications center*
    ( frml); workplace ( frml)
    ( frml); educational establishment o institution ( frml)
    space center*
    ( frml); hospital
    medical center*
    ( frml); prison, penitentiary ( AmE)
    ( AmL) leisure center*
    leisure center*
    ( frml); hospital
    D ( Pol) center*
    centro chut cross, center*
    F
    * * *

     

    Del verbo centrar: ( conjugate centrar)

    centro es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    centró es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    centrar    
    centro
    centrar ( conjugate centrar) verbo transitivo
    a) imagen› to center( conjugate center)

    b) (Dep) to center( conjugate center)

    c)atención/investigación/esfuerzos› centro algo en algo to focus sth on sth

    verbo intransitivo (Dep) to center( conjugate center), cross
    centrarse verbo pronominal centrose en algo [investigación/atención/esfuerzos] to focus o center( conjugate center) on sth
    centro sustantivo masculino
    a) ( en general) center( conjugate center);

    centro ciudad/urbano downtown (AmE), city/town centre (BrE);

    ser el centro de atención to be the center of attention;
    se convirtió en el centro de interés it became the focus of attention;
    centro turístico tourist resort o center;
    centro comercial shopping mall (AmE), shopping centre (BrE);
    centro de llamadas call center (AmE) o centre (BrE);
    centro de planificación familiar family planning clinic

    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( jugador) center( conjugate center);
    centro delantero center( conjugate center) forward

    centrar verbo transitivo
    1 to centre, US center
    2 (los esfuerzos, la atención) to concentrate, centre, US center
    centro sustantivo masculino
    1 middle, centre, US center
    2 (de una ciudad) town centre
    3 (institución) institution, centre, US center
    4 Pol centre party
    5 centro comercial, shopping centre

    ' centro' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ahorrar
    - Cesid
    - CIS
    - ciudad
    - consejo
    - delantera
    - delantero
    - docente
    - foco
    - gravedad
    - media
    - medio
    - mitad
    - neurálgica
    - neurálgico
    - ombligo
    - retención
    - almendra
    - base
    - blanco
    - comercial
    - deportivo
    - diana
    - hacia
    - hípico
    - lejos
    - mesa
    - mismo
    - para
    - polo
    - posta
    - preescolar
    - rematar
    - retirado
    - señalización
    - señalizar
    - trámite
    English:
    accessible
    - barrage
    - central
    - centre
    - centre forward
    - city
    - community centre
    - core
    - delay
    - downtown
    - garden centre
    - heart
    - hub
    - inner city
    - institute
    - leisure centre
    - mall
    - middle
    - out
    - revolve
    - ROTC
    - run across
    - shopping centre
    - slap
    - space-centre
    - spotlight
    - teaching centre
    - town
    - village hall
    - walk about
    - welfare centre
    - call
    - center
    - clinic
    - coffee
    - community
    - conference
    - control
    - facility
    - focal
    - focus
    - garden
    - health
    - holiday
    - home
    - inner
    - leisure
    - midtown
    - plaza
    - polling
    * * *
    centro nm
    1. [área, punto central] centre;
    en el centro de la vía in the middle of the track;
    estaba en el centro de la muchedumbre she was in the middle of the crowd;
    las lluvias afectarán al centro del país the rain will affect the central region o centre of the country;
    la jardinería es el centro de su existencia her life revolves around gardening
    centro de atención centre of attention;
    centro de atracción centre of attraction;
    las playas son el centro de atracción para el turismo beaches are the main tourist attraction;
    centro de gravedad centre of gravity;
    centro de interés centre of interest;
    Fís centro de masa centre of mass;
    centro de mesa centrepiece;
    centro nervioso nerve centre;
    también Fig centro neurálgico nerve centre; Fís centro óptico optical centre
    2. [de ciudad] town centre;
    me voy al centro I'm going to town;
    tengo una casa en pleno centro I have a house right in the town centre;
    centro ciudad o [m5] urbano [en letrero] city/town centre
    centro histórico = old (part of) town
    3. [económico, administrativo] centre;
    un importante centro financiero/cultural an important financial/cultural centre
    centro turístico tourist resort
    4. [establecimiento, organismo] centre;
    [planta] plant, factory; [tienda] branch; [colegio] school Esp centro de acogida reception centre; Esp centro de acogida para mujeres maltratadas refuge for battered women;
    centro asistencial de día day care centre;
    centro de cálculo computer centre;
    centro cívico community centre;
    centro comercial shopping centre o US mall;
    Am centro comunal community centre; Am centro comunitario community centre;
    centro concertado state-subsidized (private) school;
    centro de control control centre;
    centro cultural cultural centre;
    centro demográfico centre of population;
    centro deportivo sports centre;
    centro de desintoxicación detoxification centre o clinic;
    centro de detención detention centre;
    centro docente educational institution;
    centro educativo educational institution;
    centro de enseñanza educational institution;
    centro espacial space centre;
    centro de estudios academy, school;
    centro excursionista hill-walking club;
    centro de información information centre;
    centro de investigación research institute;
    Esp Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas = government body responsible for conducting opinion polls, sociological surveys etc;
    centro de llamadas call centre;
    Mil centro de mando command centre;
    centro médico medical centre;
    centro meteorológico weather centre;
    centro de negocios business centre;
    centro penitenciario prison, US penitentiary;
    centro de planificación familiar family planning clinic;
    centro regional regional office;
    centro de rehabilitación rehabilitation centre;
    centro de salud clinic, Br health centre;
    centro sanitario clinic, Br health centre;
    centro social community centre;
    centro de trabajo workplace;
    Am centro de tratamiento intensivo intensive care unit
    5. [en política] centre;
    un partido de centro a centre party;
    ser de centro to be at the centre of the political spectrum
    6. Dep [posición]
    centro del campo midfield;
    juega en el centro del campo he plays in midfield
    7. Dep [pase] cross, centre;
    envió un centro al área contraria he crossed the ball into the opposition's penalty area;
    consiguió un espectacular gol con un centro chut he scored a spectacular goal with what was intended more as a cross than a shot
    8. Méx [traje] suit
    9. Hond [chaleco] Br waistcoat, US vest
    10. Cuba [enaguas] underskirt
    * * *
    m
    1 center, Br
    centre
    2 DEP cross
    3 Méx ( traje) suit (and shirt and tie)
    * * *
    centro nmf
    : center (in sports)
    centro nm
    1) medio: center
    centro de atención: center of attention
    centro de gravedad: center of gravity
    2) : downtown
    3)
    centro de mesa : centerpiece
    * * *
    centro n centre

    Spanish-English dictionary > centro

  • 38 significar

    v.
    1 to mean.
    la luz roja significa que está en funcionamiento the red light means (that) it's working
    Esto significa traición This means treachery.
    2 to mean.
    eso significaría una subida de los precios that would mean a price rise
    3 to express.
    4 to signify, to be of importance, to count.
    Este papel significa This paper signifies=is of importance.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar
    1 to mean
    2 (hacer saber) to make known, express
    1 to stand out
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=querer decir) [palabra] to mean; [suceso] to mean, signify

    ¿qué significa "freelance"? — what does "freelance" mean?

    2) (=representar)
    3) (=expresar) to make known, express (a to)

    le significó la condolencia de la familiahe expressed o conveyed the family's sympathy

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( querer decir) palabra/símbolo to mean; hecho to mean, signify (frml)
    b) (suponer, representar) <mejora/ruina> to represent; <esfuerzo/riesgo> to involve
    c) (valer, importar) to mean
    2) (frml) ( expresar) < condolencias> to express; < importancia> to stress; < opinión> to state, make clear
    3) (frml) (distinguir, destacar)

    significar A algo/alguien COMO algo — to establish something/somebody as something

    2.
    significarse v pron (frml) ( destacarse - positivamente) to distinguish oneself; (- negativamente) to draw attention to oneself
    * * *
    = add up to, amount to, mean, signify, stand for, stack up.
    Ex. The impalpable nature of human relations can add up to a situation that bears little resemblance to the logical and ordered material discussed in class.
    Ex. One of the characteristic features of a post-coordinate indexing system is that searching amounts to more than making a note of the records listed under one index heading.
    Ex. These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.
    Ex. Within one main class the same piece of notation may be used to signify different concepts.
    Ex. MARC stands for Machine Readable Cataloguing.
    Ex. By American standards, this may not stack up to much, but in France these efforts to educate citizens stand out as a shining example.
    ----
    * considerar que significa = take to + mean.
    * no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.
    * no significar nada = add up to + nothing.
    * significar el final de = mean + the end of.
    * significar el fin de Algo = mean + an end to.
    * significar éxito = spell + success.
    * significar fracaso = signify + failure, spell + failure.
    * significar la diferencia entre... y = mean + the difference between... and.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( querer decir) palabra/símbolo to mean; hecho to mean, signify (frml)
    b) (suponer, representar) <mejora/ruina> to represent; <esfuerzo/riesgo> to involve
    c) (valer, importar) to mean
    2) (frml) ( expresar) < condolencias> to express; < importancia> to stress; < opinión> to state, make clear
    3) (frml) (distinguir, destacar)

    significar A algo/alguien COMO algo — to establish something/somebody as something

    2.
    significarse v pron (frml) ( destacarse - positivamente) to distinguish oneself; (- negativamente) to draw attention to oneself
    * * *
    = add up to, amount to, mean, signify, stand for, stack up.

    Ex: The impalpable nature of human relations can add up to a situation that bears little resemblance to the logical and ordered material discussed in class.

    Ex: One of the characteristic features of a post-coordinate indexing system is that searching amounts to more than making a note of the records listed under one index heading.
    Ex: These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.
    Ex: Within one main class the same piece of notation may be used to signify different concepts.
    Ex: MARC stands for Machine Readable Cataloguing.
    Ex: By American standards, this may not stack up to much, but in France these efforts to educate citizens stand out as a shining example.
    * considerar que significa = take to + mean.
    * no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.
    * no significar nada = add up to + nothing.
    * significar el final de = mean + the end of.
    * significar el fin de Algo = mean + an end to.
    * significar éxito = spell + success.
    * significar fracaso = signify + failure, spell + failure.
    * significar la diferencia entre... y = mean + the difference between... and.

    * * *
    significar [A2 ]
    vt
    A
    1 (querer decir) «palabra/símbolo» to mean; «hecho» to mean, signify ( frml)
    2 (suponer, representar) to represent
    significa una mejoría del servicio it means o represents an improvement in the service
    la tarea más simple significa un gran esfuerzo the simplest of tasks involves a great deal of effort o is a real effort
    para mí no comer carne no significa ningún sacrificio it's no sacrifice for me not to eat meat
    3 (valer, importar) to mean
    ¿es que yo no significo nada para ti? don't I mean anything to you?
    B ( frml) (expresar) ‹condolencias› to express; ‹importancia› to stress; ‹opinión› to state, make clear
    C ( frml) (distinguir, destacar) significar A algo/algn COMO algo to establish sth/sb AS sth
    ( frml)
    A (destacarsepositivamente) to distinguish oneself; (— negativamente) to draw attention to oneself
    los grupos que más se significaron durante la huelga the groups that were most active o militant during the strike
    B
    (declararse): se significaron en apoyo de los despedidos they declared their support for the fired workers
    no quiso significarse he wouldn't state his position o take a stance
    * * *

    significar ( conjugate significar) verbo transitivo

    b) (suponer, representar) ‹mejora/ruina to represent;

    esfuerzo/riesgo to involve
    c) (valer, importar) to mean

    significar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (querer decir) to mean: esa señal significa que continuemos, that sign means that we must go on
    ¿qué significa sextante?, what does sextante mean?
    2 (equivaler, suponer) to mean: esto significará la ruina, this will mean ruin
    la intervención significaba un gran riesgo, the operation was very risky
    II vi (importar, valer) sus palabras significan mucho para mí, his words are very important to me ➣ Ver nota en mean
    ' significar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    suponer
    - implicar
    - representar
    English:
    denote
    - dinner
    - further
    - have
    - imply
    - mean
    - name
    - signify
    - spell
    - stand for
    - stand
    * * *
    vt
    1. [querer decir] to mean;
    la luz roja significa que está en funcionamiento the red light means (that) it's in operation;
    ¿qué significa “shrapnel”? what does “shrapnel” mean?
    2. [suponer, causar] to mean;
    eso significaría una subida de los precios that would mean a price rise;
    hacer eso significaría nuestra ruina if we did that it would be our ruin
    3. [expresar] to express
    vi
    [tener importancia]
    no significa nada para mí it means nothing to me
    * * *
    v/t mean, signify
    * * *
    significar {72} vt
    1) : to mean, to signify
    2) : to express, to make known
    * * *
    significar vb to mean
    ¿qué significa "gambling"? what does "gambling" mean?

    Spanish-English dictionary > significar

  • 39 Fonction Publique, la

       (see also Haut Fonctionnaire)
       The French civil service. Tenured state employees - all 1.75 million of them, including qualified teachers in the state education system - are called fonctionnaires; non-tenured employees are called " agents de la fonction publique" or " contractuels".. In 2005, state employees represented 22% of the workforce in France, more than in any other large European country. Recruitment, promotion and pension rights are all ordered according to arcane and complex rules, which successive governments have talked of modifying, though to little effect. President Sarkozy has promised major reforms of the French civil service, starting with a slimming down of the number of state employees, largely through the non-replacement of 50% of retiring civil servants. Faced with increasing shortfalls in the pensions budget, public sector pension rights are being slowly brought into line with those in the private sector.
       Jobs in the public sector have always been much sought after in France, notably on account of the job security of the tenured and other essential posts, and good retirement pension schemes. Tenured fonctionnaires have a job for life, and it is very unusual for a fonctionnaire to lose his job; this sanction is normally only applied in cases of serious professional misconduct. Within France, there is occasional animosity from private-sector workers towardsfonctionnaires, who are sometimes projected by the media as having a sheltered and relaxed working life - notably when there are public sector strikes.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Fonction Publique, la

  • 40 rogue

    •• rogue, rogue state

    •• Rogue 1. a criminally dishonest person. 2. a playfully mischievous person (The Random House Dictionary).
    •• Даже самые современные словари ограничиваются в описании этого слова такими значениями, как жулик, мошенник, негодяй, проказник, плюс несколько технических значений. Приводится также словосочетание rogue elephant (слон-отшельник), а также довольно известный полицейский термин rogue’s gallery (архив фотографий преступников). А теперь несколько примеров актуального употребления этого слова. Газета International Herald Tribune цитирует высказывание премьер-министра Малайзии: We still believe there are sincere investors out there. But there are still quite a few rogues who can cause an avalanche forcing others to run for cover. Американские дипломаты нередко называют такие страны, как Ливия, Ирак, Иран, rogue states. Думаю, что ни в первом, ни особенно во втором случае слова мошенник или негодяй не подойдут. Тем более в следующем примере из статьи бывшего прокурора Трибунала ООН по военным преступлениям: The likelihood that a rogue prosecutor would be appointed, let alone the idea that a diverse panel of independent judges would permit the indictment of anyone for political motives, is negligible. Что такое rogue prosecutor? В статье вполне достаточно подсказок. США, пишет автор, опасаются, что its soldiers might one day face frivolous prosecutions by the permanent international court (т.е. что американские военнослужащие будут подвергнуты необоснованному судебному преследованию). Но, пишет он далее, the careful procedures and demanding qualification for the selection of the prosecutor and judges... serve as an effective check against irresponsible behavior. Именно в слове irresponsible и содержится разгадка. Итак, a rogue prosecutor это безответственный прокурор (способный без достаточных оснований возбудить судебное дело). Соответственно a rogue state – «безответственное» государство, государство, не признающее международных норм, государство-изгой. Я встречал также в русских текстах словосочетание экстремистские государства. А в высказывании премьер-министра Малайзии rogues скорее все-таки безответственные лица, чем негодяи или мошенники.
    •• * Когда перевод закрепился в прессе, изменить существующую практику фактически невозможно. Едва ли не все предлагавшиеся варианты соответствий rogue states – экстремистские/ безответственные/ опасные и даже опальные государства – лучше, чем государства-изгои, но ничего уже не поделаешь (в разговоре с французскими коллегами в ООН выяснилось, что им закрепившийся в печати перевод états-voyous тоже не нравится). Но, конечно, слово rogue употребляется не только в этом сочетании. Оно высокочастотно и имеет множество оттенков значений. В этом можно убедиться, заглянув в словари, но и они не передают всего богатства возможных вариантов перевода.
    •• Вот цитата из New York Times:
    •• At a critical turn in the crisis over the sexual abuse of children by rogue priests, the nation’s Roman Catholic bishops tried to show their commitment to reform last year by naming a review board of prominent laypeople led by former Gov. Frank Keating of Oklahoma.
    •• Можно говорить о значении, примерно описываемом так: дискредитировавший себя, запятнавший свою репутацию неподобающим поведением и т.п. Вообще элемент безответственности, незаконности, неправильного поведения – общий в словосочетаниях rogue state и rogue priest. В более широком смысле общим является элемент опасности: rogue elephants опасны для жителей соседних деревень, rogue priests – для семей верующих и для общества в целом, rogue states – для международного сообщества. В приведенной выше фразе возможен, конечно, контекстуальный перевод, основанный на знании ситуации (священники, виновные в развращении несовершеннолетних).
    •• В статье Энн Эплбаум в New York Review of Books читаем:
    •• A few years ago, a series of bombs went off around Moscow and elsewhere in Russia. President Putin blamed the Chechens <...> Others blamed rogue elementsin the Russian security services, and even offered evidence.
    •• Здесь rogue elements можно, по-моему, перевести и как преступные элементы, и даже как темные силы, но точнее всего – вышедшие из-под контроля сотрудники спецслужб. Элемент вышедший из-под контроля имплицитно присутствует и в rogue elephant, и в какой-то мере в rogue state. Но вообще-то это довольно близко к пресловутым оборотням в погонах. Конечно, нередко встречающийся в англоязычной печати «перевод» werewolves wearing police epaulets крайне неудачен. Сказочно-мифический персонаж здесь совсем неуместен, да и «погоны» не надо понимать буквально. Police/ security service turncoats (или просто turncoats) вполне приемлемо.
    •• Несмотря на установленное «самой жизнью» соответствие rogue policemen или police turncoats и «оборотней в погонах», американские корреспонденты в Москве продолжают настаивать на werewolves. David Filipow (Boston Globe) – he should know better! – пишет:
    •• Russians call them werewolves in uniform- police officers who abuse their power to extort and rob the citizens they are supposed to safeguard.
    •• Конечно, журналистам хочется добавить немного местного колорита, отсюда Russians call them (что тоже в общем неверно: выражение запущено в оборот бывшим министром Грызловым, оно неприятно напоминает «убийц в белых халатах» и в речи обычных Russians встречается редко).
    •• Вообще, надо сказать, атрибутивное rogue – богатейшее слово, причем, как выясняется, англичане любят его не меньше, чем американцы.
    •• Все следующие примеры с сайта www.bbc.co.uk:
    •• Researchers may have uncovered why the « rogue» prion protein which causes BSE and CJD is such an efficient destroyer of brain cells. Scientists at two US research centres have discovered that the presence of the protein in one particular part of the brain cell is enough to poison it. CJD is the best-known type of disease thought to be caused by rogueprions. These are misshapenversions of a normal cell protein, which stop behaving in the normal way and cannot be disposed of by the cell.
    •• Rogue white blood cells may hold the secret to how and why some life-threatening diseases develop, US scientists believe.
    •• It could lead to rogue GM crop plants that are harder to control, warns the government agency, which champions wildlife conservation in Britain.
    •• Scientists have discovered that a rogue wave pattern helped cause one of the UK’s biggest maritime disasters.
    •• The United Nations has warned that about 30% of pesticides marketed in the developing world contain toxic substances which pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. The rogue pesticides contained chemicals either banned or severely restricted elsewhere in the world, or concentrations of chemicals which exceeded international limits.
    •• A space mission to knock a potential rogue asteroid off course is undergoing feasibility studies with money from the European Space Agency.
    •• Investigators suspect that a rogue scientist may have obtained access to samples of the bacteria.
    •• В первых нескольких примерах стержневым для переводчика смысловым элементом является аномальность (клеток крови, белка, генетически модифицированных растений, волн). В случае с астероидом подойдет перевод опасный. Rogue scientist – что-то вроде «преступника в белом халате». А может быть, ученый-оборотень? Языковая мода – оружие огромной силы.
    •• Еще примеры. Из статьи Энн Коултер (эта дама – «правее всех правых»):
    •• Liberals waged a vicious campaign of vilification against Bork, saying he would bring back segregated lunch counters, government censorship and “rogue police” engaging in midnight raids.
    •• Здесь rogue police, конечно, не оборотни в погонах, а скорее полиция, сорвавшаяся с тормозов. А может быть – в этом контексте – просто обнаглевшие полисмены.
    •• С сайта BBC:
    •• According to CNN political analyst Bill Schneider, the American people, by 2-to-1, think that he [Rumsfeld] should be allowed to stay on the job. It is not because they are not outraged and disgusted by the prisoner abuse scandal but because they believe that these were “rogue acts of criminality.”
    •• В данном случае, пожалуй, лучше всего просто преступный произвол. Но можно перевести (слегка «русифицируя») и как преступные действия горстки отщепенцев.
    •• Из «Известий»:
    •• Главный врач столичной скорой помощи рассказал «Известиям» об «оборотнях» в белых халатах.
    •• Напрашивается: rogue doctors/first aid workers.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > rogue

См. также в других словарях:

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  • Workers' Socialist League — The Workers Socialist League (WSL) was a Trotskyist political party in the United Kingdom. The group was formed by Alan Thornett and other members of the Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP) after their expulsion from that group in 1974. Origins… …   Wikipedia

  • state — state1 W2S2 [steıt] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(condition)¦ 2¦(government)¦ 3¦(country)¦ 4¦(part of a country)¦ 5 the States 6 be in a state/get into a state 7¦(official ceremony)¦ 8 state of affairs 9 the state of play 10 lie in …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • state — 1 /steIt/ noun 1 CONDITION (C) the mental, emotional, or physical condition that someone or something is in at a particular time: Frankly I wouldn t trust his emotional state right now. | Water exists in three states: liquid, gaseous, and solid.… …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

  • Workers' compensation — (colloquially known as workers comp in North America or compo in Australia) a form of insurance that provides compensation medical care for employees who are injured in the course of employment, in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the… …   Wikipedia

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