-
1 कृ
kṛi
Ā. 2. sg. kṛishé;
impf. 2. andᅠ 3. sg. ákar, 3. sg. rarely ákat ṠBr. III, XI ;
3. du. ákartām;
pl. ákarma, ákarta ( alsoᅠ BhP. ix), ákran (aor., according to Pāṇ. 4-2, 80 Kāṡ.);
Ā. ákri RV. X, 159, 4 and 174, 4,
ákṛithās RV. V, 30, 8,
ákṛita ( RV.);
akrātām ( ṠāṇkhṠr.), ákrata ( RV. AV.):
Impv. kṛidhí ( alsoᅠ MBh. I, 5141 and BhP. VIII),
kṛitám, kṛitá;
Ā. kṛishvá, kṛidhvám;
Subj. 2. andᅠ 3. sg. kar pl. kárma, kárta andᅠ kartana, kran;
Ā. 3. sg. kṛita RV. IX, 69, 5,
3. pl. kránta RV. I, 141, 3:
Pot. kriyāma RV. X, 32, 9 ;
pr. p. P. (nom. pl.) krántas Ā. krāṇá. cl. 1. P. kárasi, kárati, kárathas, káratas, káranti;
Ā. kárase, kárate, kárāmahe:
impf. ákaram, ákaras, ákarat (aor., according to Pāṇ. 3-1, 59):
Impv. kára, káratam, káratām:
Subj. káram, kárāṇi, káras, kárat, kárāma, káran;
Ā. karāmahai;
pr. p. (f.) kárantī (Naigh.) III. cl. 5. P. kṛiṇómi, - ṇóshi, - ṇóti, kṛiṇuthás, kṛiṇmás andᅠ kṛiṇmasi, kṛiṇuthá, kṛiṇvánti;
Ā. kṛiṇvé, kṛiṇushé, kṛiṇuté, 3. du. kṛiṇvaíte RV. VI, 25, 4 ;
pl. kṛiṇmáhe, kṛiṇváte:
impf. ákṛiṇos, ákṛiṇot, ákṛiṇutam, ákṛiṇuta andᅠ - ṇotana RV. I, 110, 8,
ákṛiṇvan;
Ā. 3. sg. ákṛiṇuta pl. ákṛiṇudhvam, ákṛiṇvata:
Impv. kṛiṇú orᅠ kṛiṇuhí orᅠ kṛiṇutā́t, kṛiṇótu, kṛiṇutám, kṛiṇutā́m, 2. pl. kṛiṇutá orᅠ kṛiṇóta orᅠ kṛiṇótana, 3. pl. kṛiṇvántu;
Ā. kṛiṇushvá, kṛiṇutā́m, kṛiṇvā́thām, kṛiṇudhvám:
Subj. kṛiṇávas, - ṇávat orᅠ - ṇávāt, kṛiṇávāva, - ṇávāma, - ṇávātha, - ṇávatha, - ṇávan;
Ā. kṛiṇávai (once - ṇavā RV. X, 95, 2),
kṛiṇavase ( alsoᅠ ṠvetUp. II, 7 v.l. - ṇvase), kṛiṇavate, kṛiṇávāvahai, kṛiṇávāmahai, 3. pl. kṛiṇávanta ( RV.) orᅠ kṛiṇavante orᅠ kṛiṇvata ( RV.):
Pot. Ā. kṛiṇvītá;
pr. p. P. kṛiṇvát (f. -vatī́) Ā. kṛiṇvāṇá. IV) cl. 8. (this is the usual formation in the Brāhmaṇas;
Sūtras, andᅠ in classical Sanskṛit) P. karómi
(ep. kurmi MBh. III, 10943 R. II, 12, 33);
kurvás, kuruthás, kurutás, kurmás < kulmas in an interpolation after RV. X, 128 >,
kuruthá, kurvánti;
Ā. kurvé, etc., 3. pl. kurváte (Pāṇ. 6-4, 108-110):
impf. akaravam, akaros, akarot, akurva, etc.;
Ā. 3. sg. akuruta pl. akurvata:
Impv. kuru, karotu (in the earlier language 2. andᅠ 3. sg. kurutāt, 3. sg. alsoᅠ BhP. VI, 4, 34),
kuruta orᅠ kurutana Nir. IV, 7 ;
Ā. kurushva, kurudhvam, kurvátām:
Subj. karavāṇi, karavas, - vāt, - vāva orᅠ - vāvas (Pāṇ. 3-4, 98 Kāṡ.),
- vāma orᅠ - vāmas ( ib.), - vātha, - van;
Ā. karavai, kuruthās, karavāvahai ( TUp. ;
- he MBh. III, 10762),
karavaithe, - vaite (Pāṇ. 3-4, 95, Kāṡ),
- vāmahai (- he MBh. R. I, 18, 12):
Pot. P. kuryām Ā. kurvīya (Pāṇ. 6-4, 109 and 110) ;
pr. p. P. kurvát (f. -vatī́);
Ā. kurvāṇá:
perf. P. cakā́ra, cakártha, cakṛivá, cakṛimá, cakrá (Pāṇ. 7-2, 13) ;
Ā. cakré, cakriré;
p. cakṛivas (acc. cakrúsham RV. X, 137, 1);
Ā. cakrāṇa ( Vop.): 2nd fut. karishyáti;
Subj. 2. sg. karishyā́s RV. IV, 30, 23 ; 1st fut. kártā:
Prec. kriyāsam:
aor. P. Ved. cakaram RV. IV, 42, 6,
acakrat RV. IV, 18, 12, ácakriran RV. VIII, 6, 20 ;
Ā. 1. sg. kṛiske RV. X, 49, 7 ;
Class. akārshīt Pāṇ. 7-2, 1 Kāṡ. ;
(once akārashīt BhP. I, 10, 1);
Pass. aor. reflex. akāri andᅠ akṛita (Pāṇ. 3-1, 62 Kāṡ.):
Inf. kártum, Ved. kártave, kártavaí, kártos ( seeᅠ ss.vv.);
ind. p. kṛitvā́, Ved. kṛitvī́ < RV. > andᅠ kṛitvā́ya TS. IV, V ;
to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake RV. etc.;
to do anything for the advantage orᅠ injury of another (gen. orᅠ loc.) MBh. R. etc.;
to execute, carry out (as an order orᅠ command) ib. ;
to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build ib. ;
to form orᅠ construct one thing out of another (abl. orᅠ instr.) R. I, 2, 44 Hit. etc.. ;
to employ, use, make use of (instr.) ṠvetUp. Mn. X, 91 MBh. etc.. ;
to compose, describe R. I ;
to cultivate Yājñ. II, 158 (cf. Mn. X, 114);
to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend
(e.g.. varshāṇidaṡacakruḥ, « they spent ten years» MBh. XV, 6 ;
kshaṇaṉkuru, « wait a moment» MBh. ;
cf. kritakshaṇa);
to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (acc. orᅠ loc. orᅠ instr. e.g.. ardháṉ-kṛi, to take to one's own side orᅠ party, cause to share in (gen.;
seeᅠ 2. ardhá);
haste orᅠ pāṇau-kṛi, to take by the hand, marry Pāṇ. 1-4, 77 ;
hṛidayena-kṛi, to place in one's heart, love Mṛicch. ;
hṛidi-kṛi, to take to heart, mind, think over, consider Rājat. V, 313 ;
manasi-kṛi id. R. II, 64, 8 Hcar. ;
to determine, purpose <ind. p. - sikṛitvā orᅠ - si-kṛitya> Pāṇ. 1-4, 75 ;
vaṡe-kṛi, to place in subjection, become master of Mn. II, 100);
to direct the thoughts, mind, etc. ( mánas RV. Mn. MBh. etc.. ;
orᅠ buddhim Nal. XXVI, 10 orᅠ matim MBh. R. orᅠ bhāvam < ib. >, etc.)
towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on
(loc. dat. inf., orᅠ a sentence with iti e.g.. māṡokemanaḥkṛithāḥ,
do not turn your mind to grief Nal. XIV, 22 ;
gamanāyamatiṉcakre, he resolved upon going R. I, 9, 55 ;
alābuṉsamutsrashṭuṉmanaṡcakre, he resolved to create a gourd MBh. III, 8844 ;
drashṭātavâ̱smî ̱timatiṉcakāra, he determined to seeᅠ him MBh. III, 12335);
to think of (acc.) R. I, 21, 14 ;
to make, render (with two acc. e.g.. ādityaṉkāshṭhāmakurvata, they made the sun their goal AitBr. IV, 7) RV. ṠBr. etc.;
to procure for another, bestow, grant (with gen. orᅠ loc.) RV. VS. ṠBr. etc.. ;
Ā. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume ṠBr. BṛĀrUp. Mn. VII, 10 etc.. ;
to give aid, help any one to get anything (dat.) RV. VS. ;
to make liable to (dat.) RV. III, 41, 6 ṠBr. IV ;
to injure, violate (e.g.. kanyāṉ-kṛi, to violate a maiden) Mn. VIII, 367 and 369 ;
to appoint, institute ChUp. Mn. ;
to give an order, commission Mn. R. II, 2, 8 ;
to cause to get rid of, free from (abl. orᅠ - tas) Pāṇ. 5-4, 49 Kāṡ. ;
to begin (e.g.. cakreṡobhayitumpurīm, they began to adorn the city) R. II, 6, 10 ;
to proceed, act, put in practice VS. ṠBr. AitBr. etc.;
to worship, sacrifice RV. ṠBr. Mn. III, 210 ;
to make a sound ( svaram orᅠ ṡabdam) MBh. III, 11718 Pāṇ. 4-4, 34 Hit.),
utter, pronounce (often ifc. with the sounds phaṭ, phut, bhāṇ, váshaṭ, svadhā́, svā́hā, hiṉ), pronounce any formula (Mn. II, 74 and XI, 33) ;
(with numeral adverbs ending in dhā) to divide, separate orᅠ break up into parts (e.g.. dvidhā-kṛi, to divide into two parts, ind. p. dvidhākṛitvā orᅠ dvidhā-kṛitya orᅠ - kāram Pāṇ. 3-4, 62 ;
sahasradhā-kṛi, to break into a thousand pieces);
(with adverbs ending in vat) to make like orᅠ similar, consider equivalent (e.g.. rājyaṉtṛiṇa-vatkṛitvā, valuing the kingdom like a straw Vet.);
(with adverbs ending in sāt)
to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject
( seeᅠ ātma-sāt, bhasma-sāt) Pāṇ. 5-4, 52ff. ;
The above senses of kṛi may be variously modified orᅠ almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples:
sakhyaṉ-kṛi, to contract friendship with;
pūjāṉ-kṛi, to honour;
rājyaṉ-kṛi, to reign;
snehaṉ-kṛi, to show affection;
ājñāṉ orᅠ nideṡaṉ orᅠ ṡāsanaṉ orᅠ kāmaṉ orᅠ yācanāṉ orᅠ vacaḥ orᅠ vacanaṉ orᅠ vākyaṉ-kṛi, to perform any one's command orᅠ wish orᅠ request etc.;
dharmaṉ-kṛi, to do one's duty Mn. VII, 136 ;
nakhāni-kṛi, « to clean one's nails» seeᅠ kṛita-nakha;
udakaṉ Mn. Yājñ. R. Daṡ. orᅠ salilaṉ R. I, 44, 49 kṛi, to offer a libation of Water to the dead;
to perform ablutions;
astrāṇi-kṛi, to practise the use of weapons MBh. III, 11824 ;
darduraṉ-kṛi, to breathe the flute Pāṇ. 4-4, 34 ;
daṇḍaṉ-kṛi, to inflict punishment etc. Vet. ;
kālaṉ-kṛi, to bring one's time to an end i.e. to die;
ciraṉ-kṛi, to be long in doing anything, delay;
manasā (for - si seeᅠ above) kṛi, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate MBh. ;
ṡirasā-kṛi, to place on one's the head;
mūrdhnā-kṛi, to place on one's head, obey, honour
Very rarely in Veda AV. XVIII, 2, 27,
but commonly in the Brāhmaṇas, Sūtras,
andᅠ especially in classical Sanskṛit the perf.
forms cakāra andᅠ cakre auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives e.g.. āsāṉcakre, « he sat down» ;
gamayā́ṉcakāra, « he caused to go» < seeᅠ Pāṇ. 3-1, 40 ;
in Veda some other forms of kṛi are used in a similar way, viz. pr. karoti ṠāṇkhṠr. ;
impf. akar MaitrS. and Kāṭh. ;
3. pl. akran MaitrS. and TBr. ;
Prec. kriyāt MaitrS. ( seeᅠ Pāṇ. 3-1, 42);
according to Pāṇ. 3-1, 41, alsoᅠ karotu with vid>
Caus. kārayati, - te,
to cause to act orᅠ do, cause another to perform, have anything made orᅠ done by another
(double acc. instr. andᅠ acc. < seeᅠ Pāṇ. 1-4, 53 >
e.g.. sabhāṉkāritavān, he caused an assembly to be made Hit. ;
rāja-darṡanaṉmāṉkāraya, cause me to have an audience of the king;
vāṇijyaṉkārayedvaiṡyam, he ought to cause the Vaiṡya to engage in trade Mn. VIII, 410 ;
naṡakshyāmikiṉcitkārayituṉtvayā, I shall not be able to have anything done by thee MBh. II, 6);
to cause to manufacture orᅠ form orᅠ cultivate Lāṭy. Yājñ. II, 158 MBh. etc.. ;
to cause to place orᅠ put, have anything placed, put upon, etc.
(e.g.. taṉcitrapaṭaṉvāsa-gṛihebhittāvakārayat,
he had the picture placed on the wall in his house Kathās. V, 30) Mn. VIII, 251. ;
Sometimes the Caus. of kṛi is used for the simple verb orᅠ without a causal signification
(e.g.. padaṉkārayati, he pronounces a word Pāṇ. 1-3, 71 Kāṡ. ;
mithyāk-, he pronounces wrongly ib. ;
kaikeyīmanurājānaṉkāraya, treat orᅠ deal with Kaikeyī as the king does R. II, 58, 16):
Desid. cíkīrshati (aor. 2. sg. acikīrshīs ṠBr. III), ep. alsoᅠ - te, to wish to make orᅠ do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after AV. XII, 4, 19 ṠBr. KātyṠr. Mn. etc.. ;
to wish to sacrifice orᅠ worship AV. V, 8, 3:
Intens. 3. pl. karikrati (pr. p. kárikrat seeᅠ Naigh. II, 1 and Pāṇ. 7-4, 65),
to do repeatedly RV. AV. TS. ;
Class. carkarti orᅠ carikarti orᅠ carīkarti Pāṇ. 7-4, 92 Kāṡ.,
alsoᅠ carkarīti orᅠ carikarīti orᅠ carīkarīti orᅠ cekrīyate < ib. Sch. Vop. >;
+ cf. Hib. caraim, « I perform, execute» ;
ceard, « an art, trade, business, function» ;
sucridh, « easy» ;
Old Germ. karawan, « to prepare» ;
Mod. Germ. gar, « prepared (as food)» ;
Lat. creo, ceremonia;
κραίνω, κρόνος
2) cl. 3. P. p. cakrát (Pot. 2. sg. cakriyās;
aor. 1. sg. akārsham AV. VII, 7, 1 orᅠ akārisham RV. IV, 39, 6),
to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (gen.) RV. AV.:
Intens. (1. sg. carkarmi, 1. pl. carkirāma, 3. pl. carkiran;
Impv. 2. sg. carkṛitā́t andᅠ carkṛidhi;
aor. 3. sg. Ā. cárkṛishe) id. RV. AV. (cf. kārú, kīrí, kīrtí.)
3) to injure, etc. seeᅠ 2. kṛī
to make the sound kharaṭa Pāṇ. 5-4, 57 Kāṡ. ;
P. - karoti, to make straight ib.
-
2 चित्
cít
(Pāṇ. 3-2, 92) forming a layer orᅠ stratum, piled up VS. I, XII TS. I ;
(cf. kaṅka-, karma-, cakshuṡ-, droṇa-, prâ̱ṇa-, manaṡ-, rathacakra-, vāk-, ṡyena-, andᅠ ṡrotra-cít.)
cit
« giving heed to» orᅠ « revenging <guilt, ṛiṇa->» seeᅠ ṛiṇa-
3) mfn. ifc. id., seeᅠ 2. cit
4) cl. 1. cétati (impf. acetat RV. VII, 95, 2 ;
p. cétat RV.) cl. 2. (Ā. Pass. 3. sg. cité X, 143, 4 ;
p. f. instr. citantyā I, 129, 7 ;
Ā. citāna, IX, 101, 11 VS. X, 1)
cl. 3. irreg. cīhetati ( RV. ;
Subj. ciketat RV. ;
Impv. 2. sg. cikiddhi RV. ;
p. cikitāná RV. ;
perf. cikéta RV. etc.;
ciceta Vop. VIII, 37 ;
3. du. cetatur AV. III, 22, 2 ;
Ā. andᅠ Pass. cikité RV. etc.;
3. pl. - tre RV. ;
for p. cikitvás seeᅠ s.v.;
Ā. Pass. cicite Bhaṭṭ. II, 29 ;
aor. acetīt Vop. VIII, 35 ;
Ā. Pass. áceti andᅠ céti RV. ;
for acait seeᅠ 2. ci;
fut. 1st céttā I, 22, 5)
to perceive, fix the mind upon, attend to, be attentive, observe, take notice of (acc. orᅠ gen.) RV. SV. AV. Bhaṭṭ. ;
to aim at, intend, design (with dat.) RV. I, 131, 6; X, 38, 3 ;
to be anxious about, care for (acc. orᅠ gen.), I, IX f. ;
to resolve, III, 53, 24; X, 55, 6 ;
to understand, comprehend, know (perf. often in the sense of pr.)
RV. AV. VII, 2, 1 and 5, 5 ;
P. Ā. to become perceptible, appear, be regarded as, be known RV. VS. X, XV:
Caus. cetáyati, - te
(2. pl. cetáyadhvam Subj. cetayat Impv. 2. du. cetayethām impf. ácetayat RV. ;
3. pl. citáyante RV. ;
p. citáyat RV. (eleven times);
cetáyat X, 110, 8, etc.. ;
Ā. cetayāna seeᅠ s.v.) to cause to attend, make attentive, remind of. I, 131, 2 and IV, 51, 3 ;
to cause to comprehend, instruct, teach RV. ;
to observe, perceive, be intent upon RV. MBh. XII, 9890 Kathās. XIII, 10 ;
Ā. (once P. MBh. XVIII, 74)
to form an idea in the mind, be conscions of, understand, comprehend, think, reflect upon
TS. VI ṠBr. ChUp. VII, 5, 1 MBh. BhP. VIII, 1, 9 Prab. ;
P. to have a right notion of. know MBh. III, 14877 ;
P. « to recover consciousness», awake Bhaṭṭ. VIII, 123 ;
Ā. to remember, have consciousness of (acc.) Pāṇ. 3-2, 112 Kāṡ. Bādar. II, 3, 18 Sch. ;
to appear, be conspicuous, shine RV. TS. III:
Desid. cíkitsati (fr. kit Pāṇ. 3-1, 5 Dhātup. XXIII, 24 ;
exceptionally Ā. MBh. XII, 12544 ;
Impv. - tsatu Subj. - tsāt aor. 2. sg. ácikitsīs AV. ;
Pass. p. cikitsyamāna Suṡr. Pañcat.) to have in view, aim at, be desirous AV. V, 11, 1; IX, 2, 3 ;
to care for, be anxious about, VI, X ;
(Pāṇ. 3-1, 5 Siddh.) to treat medically, cure KātyṠr. XXV MBh. I, XII Suṡr. Pañcat. Bhartṛ. ;
to wish to appear RV. I, 123, 1:
Caus. of Desid. (fut. cikitsayishyati) to cure Mālav. IV, 4/5, 6 f.:
Intens. cekite
(fr. 2. ci?, orᅠ for - tte RV. I, 53, 3 and 119, 3; II, 34, 10 ;
p. cékitat IX, 111, 3 ;
Ā. cékitāna RV. eight times) to appear, be conspicuous, shine RV. ;
5) mfn. ifc. « thinking» seeᅠ a-, duṡ-, manaṡ-, vipaṡ-, andᅠ huraṡ-cít;
cf. alsoᅠ apa-cit;
f. thought, intellect, spirit, soul VS. IV, 19 KapS. Bhartṛ. BhP. ;
cf. sa- andᅠ ācít;
pure Thought (Brahma cf. RTL. p. 34) Vedântas. Prab. ;
6) ind. only in comp.
-
3 दृश्
dṛiṡ1) (Pres. forms supplied by paṡ q.v.;
pf. P. dadárṡa RV. etc.
2. sg. dadarṡitha andᅠ dadrashṭha Pāṇ. 7-2, 65 ;
Ā. dadṛiṡé AV. < dádṛiṡe, 3pl. - dṛiṡre RV. ;
- ṡrire TBr. >;
p. P. dadṛiṡvás RV. ;
- sivas Up. ;
darṡivas q.v.;
Ā. dádṛiṡāna RV. ;
fut. P. - drakshyáti Br. etc.;
Ā. - shyate andᅠ fut. 2. drashṭā MBh. ;
aor. P. adarṡam, - ṡas, - ṡat, 3. pl. - ṡur Br. ;
1. pl. adarṡma TS. ;
adṛiṡma JaimBr. ;
Subj. darṡam, - ṡat, - ṡathas RV. AV. ;
Ā. 3. pl. ádṛiṡran VS. AV. Br. ;
- ṡram RV. ;
p. dṛiṡāná orᅠ dṛíṡāna <cf. s.v.> RV. ;
P. dṛiṡan, 3. pl. ádṛiṡan Br. ;
Pot. dṛiṡéyam RV. ;
- ṡema AV. ;
P. adrākshit andᅠ adrāk Br. ;
Ā. 3. pl. ádṛikshata;
Subj. 2. sg. dṛíkshase RV. ;
inf. dṛiṡé andᅠ driṡáye RV. ;
dráshṭum AV. etc.;
ind. p. dṛishṭvā́ AV. etc. MBh. alsoᅠ dṛiṡya, - ṭvāya RV. ;
- dṛíṡya RV. ;
- darṡam Daṡ.) to seeᅠ, behold, look at, regard, consider RV. AV. ṠBr. MBh. etc.;
to seeᅠ i.e. wait on, visit MBh. R. ;
to seeᅠ with the mind, learn, understand MBh. Kāv. etc.;
to notice, care for, look into, try, examine Yājñ. Pañc. ;
to seeᅠ by divine intuition, think orᅠ find out, compose, contrive (hymns, rites, etc.) Br. Nir. II, 11:
Pass. dṛiṡyáte (ep. alsoᅠ - ti) aor. adárṡi RV. etc. to be seen, become visible, appear RV. AV. ṠBr. MBh. etc.;
to be shown orᅠ manifested, appear as ( iva), prove Mn. MBh. Kāv. etc.:
Caus. P. Ā. darṡayati, - te AV. etc.;
aor. adīdṛiṡat Br. ;
adadarṡat Pāṇ. 7-4, 7,
to cause to seeᅠ orᅠ be seen, to show a thing
(Ā. esp. of something belonging to one's self) orᅠ person (P. andᅠ Ā. with orᅠ scil. ātmānam, alsoᅠ one's self),
to (acc. AV. IV, 20, 6 ṠBr. etc.. ;
gen. Mn. IV, 59 MBh. etc.. ;
dat. R. II, 31, 33 Ragh. etc.. ;
instr. after Ā. refl. Pāṇ. 1-4, 53 Kāṡ.);
to show = prove, demonstrate Mn. MBh. Kāv. etc.. ;
to produce (money) i.e. pay Mn. VIII, 155 ;
(a witness), 158:
Desid. Ā. dīdṛikshate (ep. alsoᅠ - ti)
to wish to seeᅠ, long for (acc.) RV. III, 30, 13 ṠBr. MBh. etc..:
Desid. of Caus. didarṡayishati, to wish to show Ṡaṃk. ;
adidarṡayishīt Nid.:
Intens. darīdṛiṡṡate, to be always visible Bhojapr. ;
darǏdarshṭi orᅠ dard- Pāṇ. 7-4, 90; 91. ;
+ cf. Gk. δέρκομαι, δέδορκα, ἔδρακον;
Goth. tarhjan
dṛíṡ2) m. (nom. k, Ved. ṅ Pāṇ. 7-1, 83)
seeing, viewing, looking at;
knowing, discerning Yājñ. MBh. etc. (ifc. cf. āyurveda-d-, dishṭa-d-, pṛithag-d-, mántra-d-, sama-d-, sarva-d-, sūryad-);
f. sight, view (dat. dṛiṡé as inf. cf. 1 dṛiṡ);
look, appearance (in ī-d-, kī-d-, tā-d-);
the eye R. Var. etc. ( alsoᅠ n. BhP. IV, 4, 24);
theory, doctrine Vcar. ;
(astrol.) the aspect of a planet orᅠ the observed spot
+ cf. Gk. δρα for δρακ in ὑπόδρα
-
4 पश्
paṡ
to seeᅠ (with na « to be blind»),
behold, look at, observe, perceive, notice RV. etc. etc.;
to be a spectator, look on (esp. p. e.g.. tasyapaṡyataḥ, while he looks on, before his eyes Mn. ;
paṡyantītishṭhati, she stands ind. looks on Ṡak.);
to seeᅠ a person (either « visit» orᅠ « receive as a visitor») MBh. R. etc.;
to live to seeᅠ, experience, partake of. undergo, incur Mn. MBh. etc.;
to learn, find out ib. ;
to regard orᅠ consider as, take for (acc. with acc. orᅠ adv. in vat) ib. ;
to seeᅠ with the spiritual eye, compose, invent (hymns, rites etc.) RV. Br. ṠāṇkhṠr. ;
( alsoᅠ with sādhu) to have insight orᅠ discernment Mn. MBh. etc.;
to consider, think over, examine ib. ;
to foresee ib. ;
( paṡyāmi, « I seeᅠ orᅠ l am convinced», andᅠ paṡya, - ṡyata, « seeᅠ, behold, look here!» often employed parenthetically orᅠ interjectionally MBh. Kāv. etc.) <Orig. identical with spaṡ, q.v.>
páṡ
3) cl. 10. P. pāṡayati, to fasten, bind Dhātup. XXXIII, 45. ;
Cf. pash andᅠ pas;
+ Zd. pas;
Lat. pac-iscor, pax;
Goth. fahan;
Angl. Sax. fâ̱n
-
5 सन्न
sannámfn. set down VS. ṠBr. ṠrS. ;
sitting at i.e. occupied with (comp.) Hariv. ;
sunk down in (loc.) BhP. ;
depressed, low (in spirits), languid, exhausted, decayed, perished, lost, dead AV. etc. etc.;
shrunk, contracted ( seeᅠ comp.);
resting, motionless ( seeᅠ ib.);
weak, low ( seeᅠ ib.);
(= prasanna), appeased, satisfied ( seeᅠ sannī-kṛita);
m. Buchanania Latifolia L. ;
(prob.) n. destruction, loss ( seeᅠ sanna-da)
sanna
- सन्नकण्ठ
- सन्नजिह्व
- सन्नतर
- सन्नद
- सन्नधी
- सन्ननौक
- सन्नभाव
- सन्नमय
- सन्नमुसल
- सन्नवाच्
- सन्नशरीर
-
6 केशिन्
keṡínmfn. (Pāṇ. 5-2, 109) having fine orᅠ long hair (said of Rudra <cf. kapardin>, of his female attendants, of female demons, andᅠ of men)
AV. XI, 2, 18 (cf. RV. X, 136, 1 ff.) and 31; XII, 5, 48;XIV, 2, 59 ;
having a mane (as Indra's andᅠ Agni's horses) RV. ;
having tips (as rays orᅠ flames) RV. I, 140, 8 and 151, 6 ;
(ī) m. « N. of Rudra» ( seeᅠ before);
of Vishṇu L. ;
« a horse» ( seeᅠ before);
a lion L. ;
N. of an Asura slain by Kṛishṇa MBh. Hariv. etc.;
of a son of Vasu-deva andᅠ Kauṡalyā BhP. IX, 24, 47 ;
(Pāṇ. 6-4, 165) N. of Dārbhya orᅠ Dālbhya;
( inī) f. N. of Durgā;
(gaṇa kurv-ādi) N. of an Apsaras MBh. I, 2558; III, 14562 ;
of a Rākshasī Buddh. ;
of the daughter of the king of Vidarbha (wife of Sagara andᅠ mother of A.-samañjas) Hariv. 797 ff. R. ;
of the wife of Ājamīḍha (Suhotra) andᅠ mother of Jahnu MBh. I, 3722 Hariv. 1416 and 1756 ;
of the wife of Viṡravas andᅠ mother of Rāvaṇa andᅠ Kumbha-karṇa BhP. VII, 1, 43 ;
of a servant of Damayantī Nal. XXII, 1 ;
of the daughter of a Brāhman Buddh. ;
Chrysopogon aciculatus L. ;
Nardostachys Jaṭā-māṇsī L. ;
( inī) f. seeᅠ kaiṡiná;
( ínīs), Ved. f. pl. « the attendants of Rudra» ( seeᅠ before);
« N. of certain female demons» ( seeᅠ before)
-
7 गा
gā
jagāti, Nalgh. II, 14 (v.l.) ;
Subj. jígāt;
Impv. jígātu;
aor. agāt;
3. pl. agan BhP. I, 9, 40 ;
Subj. (1. sg. gesham seeᅠ anu- andᅠ upa-),
2. sg. gā́s, 3. sg. gāt, 2. pl. gātá, 3. pl. gur;
<perf. jigāya seeᅠ ud->, perf. Pot. jagāyāt Naigh. II, 14; RV. X, 28, 1 ;
inf. gā́tave RV. II, 3, 1 ;
in Class. Sanskṛit only the aor. P. agāt occurs, for Ā. seeᅠ adhi-;
aor. Pass. agāyi, agāsātām Kāṡ. on Pāṇ. 2-4, 45 and 77 ;
cl. 2. P. gā́ti Naigh. II, 14 ;
Ā. gāte Dhātup. XX, 53)
to go, go towards, come, approach (with acc. orᅠ loc.) RV. AV. etc.;
to go after, pursue RV. IV, 3, 13; X, 18, 4 ;
to fall to one's (dat.) share, be one's (acc.) due, VIII, 45, 32 Ragh. XI, 73 ;
to come into any state orᅠ condition (acc.), undergo, obtain MBh. III, 10697 R. etc.. ;
to go away (from abl.;
to any place loc.) RV. X, 108, 9 ;
to come to an end Naish. VIII, 109 ;
to walk (on a path acc. orᅠ instr.) RV. VIII, 2, 39 and 5, 39 ;
( jigāti) to be born Vop. on Dhātup. XXV, 25:
Desid. jigīshati, to desire to go BhP. II, 10, 25 ;
+ cf. βίβημι, ἔβημ;
Old Germ. gām, gās, etc.;
Goth. ga-tvo;
Eng. go
2) mfn. Ved. ifc. « going» (cf. a-gā;
agre-, tamo-, puro-, samana- andᅠ svasti-gā́) Pāṇ. 3-2, 67. ;
3) mfn. ( gai) ifc. « singing» seeᅠ sāma-gā;
(ā) f. seeᅠ s.v. 3. ga
-
8 दण्ड
daṇḍá(= δένδρον, hence cognate with dā4ru andᅠ dṛī) m. (n. <cf. ikshu-> gaṇa ardharcâ̱di) a stick, staff, rod, pole, cudgel, club RV. etc. (staff given at investiture with the sacred thread ṠBr. etc.;
« penis <with vaitasá>», XI, 5, 1, 1 ;
« trunk» seeᅠ ṡuṇḍā-;
« arm» orᅠ « leg» seeᅠ dor-, bāhu-;
« tusk» seeᅠ daṉshṭrā-);
= -ḍakâ̱sana BṛNārP. XXXI, 115 (n.) ;
a stalk, stem (of a tree;
cf. ikshu-, ud-, khara-) MBh. II, 2390 ;
the staff of a banner, 2079; IV, XIV ;
the handle (of a ladle, sauce-pan, fly-flap, parasol etc.) AitBr. ṠBr. etc.;
the steam of a plough L. ;
« a mast» seeᅠ mahādaṇḍa-dhara;
the cross-bar of a lute which holds the strings ṠāṇkhṠr. XVII ;
the stick with which a lute is played L. ;
a churning-stick (cf. -ḍâ̱hata) L. ;
a pole as a measure of length (= 4 Hastas) VarBṛS. XXIV, 9 MārkP. II ;
N. of a measure of time (= 60 Vi-kalās) BrahmaP. II VarP. BhavP. ;
N. of a staff-like appearance in the sky (« N. of a planet» ( L. ;
cf. - bhāsa) VarBṛS. ;
N. of a constellation, XX, 2 VarBṛ. Laghuj. ;
a form of military array (cf. - vyuha) L. ;
a line (cf. - pāta);
a staff orᅠ sceptre as a symbol of power andᅠ sovereignty (cf. nyasta-), application of power, violence Mn. VII f. MBh. ;
power over (gen. orᅠ in comp.), control, restraint (cf. vāg-, mano-, kāya- < karma- MārkP. xli, 22 >;
tri-daṇḍin) Subh. ;
embodied power, army ( koṡa-, du. « treasure andᅠ army» Mn. IX, 294 MBh. Kir. II, 12)
Mn. VII Ragh. XVII, 62 ;
the rod as a symbol of judicial authority andᅠ punishment, punishment (corporal, verbal, andᅠ fiscal;
chastisement andᅠ imprisonment, reprimand, fine) TāṇḍyaBr. XVII, 1 Mn. MBh. etc.. ;
(cf. guptá andᅠ gūḍha-);
pride L. ;
m. a horse L. ;
Punishment (son of Dharma andᅠ Kriyā VP. I, 7, 27 MārkP. l);
Yama L. ;
Ṡiva MBh. XII, 10361 ;
N. of an attendant of the Sun. III, 198 ;
(gaṇa ṡivâ̱di andᅠ ṡaunakâ̱di) N. of a man with the patr. Aupara MaitrS. III, 8, 7 TS. VI, 2, 9, 4 ;
of a prince slain by Arjuna (brother of - dhara, identified with the Asura Krodha-hantṛi) MBh. if. VIII ;
of a Rakshas R. VII, 5, 39 ;
seeᅠ - oḍaka;
(ā) f. Hedysaruni lagopodioides, Npr. ;
- दण्डकन्दक
- दण्डकपालिन्
- दण्डकमण्डलु
- दण्डकर्तृ
- दण्डकर्मन्
- दण्डकल
- दण्डकलितवत्
- दण्डकाक
- दण्डकाष्ठ
- दण्डकुश
- दण्डकुल
- दण्डकेतु
- दण्डगौरी
- दण्डग्रहण
- दण्डग्राह
- दण्डघटना
- दण्डघ्न
- दण्डचक्र
- दण्डच्छदन
- दण्डजित
- दण्डढक्का
- दण्डताडन
- दण्डताम्रि
- दण्डत्व
- दण्डदास
- दण्डधर
- दण्डधार
- दण्डधारक
- दण्डधारण
- दण्डधारिन्
- दण्डधृक्
- दण्डनायक
- दण्डनिधान
- दण्डनिपातन
- दण्डनियोग
- दण्डनीति
- दण्डनेट्रि
- दण्डप
- दण्डपक्षक
- दण्डपरायण
- दण्डपांसुल
- दण्डपाणि
- दण्डपात
- दण्डपातन
- दण्डपातिन्
- दण्डपारुष्य
- दण्डपाल
- दण्डपालक
- दण्डपाशक
- दण्डपिङ्गलक
- दण्डपोण
- दण्डप्रजित
- दण्डप्रणयन
- दण्डप्रणाम
- दण्डप्रदान
- दण्डबाहु
- दण्डभङ्ग
- दण्डभय
- दण्डभाज्
- दण्डभास
- दण्डभीति
- दण्डभृत्
- दण्डमत्स्य
- दण्डमानव
- दण्डमातङ्ग
- दण्डमाथ
- दण्डमुख
- दण्डमुख्य
- दण्डयात्रा
- दण्डयाम
- दण्डयोग
- दण्डलेश
- दण्डवत्
- दण्डवध
- दण्डवाचिक
- दण्डवादिन्
- दण्डवारित
- दण्डवलधि
- दण्डवासिक
- दण्डवासिन्
- दण्डवाहिन्
- दण्डविकल्प
- दण्डविषय
- दण्डविष्कम्भ
- दण्डवीर्व
- दण्डवृक्षक
- दण्डव्यूह
- दण्डव्रतधर
- दण्डशत्रु
- दण्डशर्मन्
- दण्डश्री
- दण्डसंख्या
- दण्डसेन
- दण्डस्थान
- दण्डहस्त
-
9 प्रणि
-
10 बन्धक
bandhakam. a binder, one who is employed in binding (esp. animals) MBh. ;
a catcher ( seeᅠ naga- andᅠ pāṡa-b-);
a violator, ravisher L. ;
a band, tie ( seeᅠ pāṡu-b-);
a dam, dike ( seeᅠ jala-b-);
a promise, vow L. ;
exchanging, barter W. ;
a city L. ;
(ifc. with numerals) a part ( seeᅠ sa-daṡa-b-);
m. orᅠ n. (?) pledging orᅠ a pledge ( seeᅠ sa-b-);
(ī) f. (connected, scil. with many men), an unchaste woman, harlot, courtezan MBh. Kāv. etc.;
a barren woman L. (cf. bandhyā);
a female elephant L. ;
n. binding, confinement W. ;
- बन्धकत्व
-
11 भङ्ग
bhaṅgámfn. breaking, bursting (said of the Soma) RV. IX, 61, 13 ;
m. breaking, splitting, dividing, shattering, breaking down orᅠ up VS. etc. etc.;
a break orᅠ breach (lit. andᅠ fig.), disturbance, interruption, frustration, humiliation, abatement, downfall, decay, ruin, destruction Mn. MBh. etc.;
fracture ( seeᅠ asthi-bh-);
paralysis, palsy L. ;
bending, bowing, stretching out ( seeᅠ karṇa-, gātra-, - grīvā-bh-);
knitting, contraction ( seeᅠ bhrū-bh-);
separation, analysis (of words) Sāh. ;
overthrow, rout, defeat ( alsoᅠ in a lawsuit) Hit. Kām. Yājñ. Sch. ;
rejection, refusal Kālid. ;
refutation Sarvad. ;
panic, fear Rājat. ;
pain ( seeᅠ pārṡva-bh-);
a piece broken off, morsel, fragment Kālid. Kād. ;
a bend, fold, Sah. (cf. vastra-bh-);
a wave Ragh. Gīt. ;
+ cf. Lith. bangá
a water-course, channel L. ;
fraud, deceit L. ;
a tortuous course, roundabout way of speaking (= orᅠ w.r. for bhaṅgi) Sarvad. ;
toilet, fashion (for bhaṅgi?) Var. ;
= gamana L. ;
N. of a serpent-demon MBh. ;
(with Buddhists) the constant decay taking place in the universe, constant flux orᅠ change;
(with Jainas) a dialectical formula beginning with syāt q.v.;
( bhaṅgá) m. hemp AV. ;
(ā) f. seeᅠ below
-
12 समान
sam-ānám. (for samāna andᅠ sa-māna) one of the five vital airs (that which circulates about the navel andᅠ is essential to digestion;
it is personified as a son of Sādhya) AV. etc. etc.
samāná
in RV. V, 87, 4 abl. sg. samānásmās for samānā́t seeᅠ 1. sama;
for sam-ana seeᅠ sam-an, seeᅠ sa-māna)
same, identical uniform, one (= eka L.) RV. etc. etc.;
alike, similar, equal (in size, age, rank, sense orᅠ meaning etc.), equal orᅠ like to (with instr. gen., orᅠ comp.) VS. etc. etc.;
having the same place orᅠ organ of utterance, honogeneous (as a sound orᅠ letter) Vop. ;
holding the middle between two extremes, middling moderate BhP. ;
common, general, universal all RV. Br. ṠrS. BhP. ;
whole (as a number opp. to « a fraction») Pāṇ. 5-2, 47 Vārtt. 4 ;
being (= sat, after an adj.) Divyāv. ;
virtuous, good L. ;
- varṇa-bhid L. ;
(am) ind. like, equally with (instr.) Kir. ;
m. an equal. friend TBr. Cāṇ. BhP. ;
(ī) f. a kind of metre Piṇg. ;
(prob.) n. N. of wk. (cf. ṡākhā-s-)
sa-māna
seeᅠ sam-āna)
possessing honour orᅠ esteem, honoured by (gen.) Vet. ;
with anger BhP. ;
2) mfn. having the same measure L.
-
13 आ
ā1) the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far
2) ind. a particle of reminiscence Pāṇ. 1-1, 14 Pat. ;
alsoᅠ of compassion orᅠ pain <more correctly written 1. ās q.v.>, andᅠ of assent L. <This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās) Pāṇ. 1-1, 14. >
3) ās m. N. of Ṡiva L. ;
grandfather L. ;
(ās) f. N. of Lakshmī L. ;
ā́4) (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, andᅠ their derivatives) near, near to, towards ( seeᅠ ā-kram etc.;
in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb;
in a few cases RV. I, 10, 11 and V, 64, 5,
a verb in the imperative is to be supplied;
with roots like gam, yā, andᅠ i, « to go», andᅠ 1. dā, « to give», it reverses the action;
e.g.. ā-gacchati, « he comes» ;
ā-datte, « he takes»). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to RV. ;
(with a preceding noun in the acc., as jósham orᅠ váram) for RV. ;
(with a following acc.) up to. exclusively AitBr. ;
(with a preceding abl.) from RV. AV. ;
out of, from among (e.g.. bahúbhyaā́, « from among many») RV. ;
towards (only in asmádā́, « towards us») RV. ;
(with a following abl. cf. Pāṇ. 2-1, 13 and 3, 10)
up to, to, as far as RV. AV. etc.;
from RV. I, 30, 21 ;
(with a preceding loc.) in, at, on RV. AV. (As an adv. after words expressing a number orᅠ degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g.. trírā́divás, « quite orᅠ fully three times a day» ;
mahimā́vāmíndrâ̱gnīpánishṭha, ā́, « your greatness, O Indra andᅠ Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed», etc.) RV. ;
(after a subst. orᅠ adj.) « as, like», ( orᅠ it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word) RV., (after a verb) RV. V, 7, 7 and KenaUp. ;
(as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, andᅠ (it is placed either between the two words connected <rarely after the second RV. X, 16, 11, orᅠ after both RV. X, 92, 8 >
orᅠ, if there are more, after the last < RV. IV, 57, 1 and X, 75, 5 >;
seeᅠ alsoᅠ â̱taṡca s.v.)
In classical Sanskṛit it may denote the limit « to», « until», « as far as», « from»,
either not including the object named orᅠ including it
(sometimes with acc. orᅠ abl. orᅠ forming an adv.)
e.g.. ā-maraṇam orᅠ ā-maranāt, « till death» Pañcat. ;
(cf. ā-maraṇâ̱nta etc.);
ā-gopālādvijātayaḥ, « the twice-born including the cowherds» MBh. II, 531 ;
ā-samudram orᅠ ā-samudrāt, « as far as the ocean» orᅠ « from the ocean» (but not including it);
ā-kumāram, « from a child» orᅠ « from childhood» orᅠ « to a child»
(cf. Lat. apuero) MBh. III, 1403 ;
ā-kumāramyaṡaḥpāṇineḥ, « the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children» ;
ājānu-bāhu mfn. « one whose arms reach down to the knees» R. I, 1, 12 ;
( seeᅠ alsoᅠ ākarṇa- andᅠ ājanma-);
(cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyushám, ā-saptama, ôtsūyám.) Prefixed to adj. <rarely to subst.;
cf. ā-kopa> it implies diminution Pāṇ. 2-2, 18 Comm. ;
« a little» e.g.. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish Ragh. XVI, 51 ;
( seeᅠ alsoᅠ ā-pakva, ôshṇa, etc.) Some commentaries
(e.g.. Comm. on Ragh. III, 8) occasionally give to ā in this application the meaning samantāt, « all through, completely», as ā-nīla, « blue all round»
- आइ
- आइन्ध्
- आइन्व्
- आइष्
- आईक्ष्
- आईक्षीर्
- आईक्षीष्
- आउक्ष्
- आउक्षूर्णु
- आऋ
- आॠञ्ज्
- आॠध्
-
14 इष्
ish
cl. 4. P. íshyati andᅠ 9. P. Ā. ishṇā́ti
(p. ishṇát RV. I, 181, 6, andᅠ ishṇāná RV. I, 61, 13 ;
pf. 3. pl. īshus RV., andᅠ īshiré AV. ;
aishīt;
inf. ishádhyai RV. VII, 43, 1)
to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing RV. ;
to send out orᅠ off, stream out, pour out, discharge;
to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim AV. ṠBr. ;
to impel, incite, animate, promote RV. AV. VS. ṠBr. ;
2) ifc. mfn. moving quickly, speedy. seeᅠ aram-ish
3) cl. 6. P., ep. andᅠ Ved. alsoᅠ Ā. ic-cháti (Subj. icchāt RV. AV.), icchate AV. XI, 5, 17 ;
impf. aicchat, iyesha andᅠ īshe, eshishyate, aishīt, eshitum orᅠ eshṭum), to endeavour to obtain, strive, seek for RV. AV. ṠBr. AitBr. ;
to endeavour to make favourable;
to desire, wish, long for, request;
to wish orᅠ be about to do anything, intend RV. AV. ṠBr. R. Hit. Ṡak. etc.;
to strive to obtain anything (acc.) from any one (abl. orᅠ loc.);
to expect orᅠ ask anything from any one MBh. Mn. Ṡak. Ragh. Hit. etc.;
to assent, be favourable, concede KātyṠr. Mn. Kathās. ;
to choose Mn. ;
to acknowledge, maintain, regard, think Pāṇ. Comm.:
Pass. ishyate, to be wished orᅠ liked;
to be wanted MBh. Hit. Ṡak. etc.;
to be asked orᅠ requested;
to be prescribed orᅠ ordered Mn. R. ;
to be approved orᅠ acknowledged;
to be accepted orᅠ regarded as MBh. Prab. Yājñ. Mn. etc.;
to be worth;
to be wanted as a desideratum seeᅠ 2. ishṭi:
Caus. eshayati, (in surg.) to probe Suṡr. II, 7, 15:
Desid. eshishishati;
+ with ish cf. Old Germ. eiscôm, « I ask» ;
Mod. Germ. heische;
Angl. Sax. ásciani;
cf. alsoᅠ Gk. ἰότης, ἴμερος;
Lith. jëskóti;
Russ. iskate, « to seek»
4) mfn. ifc. seeking for ( seeᅠ gav-ish, paṡv-ish, etc.);
ṭ f. wish Hariv. <cf. iṭ-cara>
5) ṭ f. anything drunk, a draught, refreshment, enjoyment;
libation;
the refreshing waters of the sky;
sap, strength, freshness, comfort, increase;
good condition, affluence RV. AV. VS. AitBr.
-
15 बृह्
bṛih
vṛiháti (pf. babarha, vavárha;
fut. varkshyati, varhishyati;
varḍhā, varhitā;
aor. barhīt, avṛikshat;
ind. p. vriḍhvā, varhitvā, vṛíhya, barham, várham;
Ved. inf. vṛihas:
Pass. vṛihyate;
aor. varhi), to tear, pluck, root up (without a prep. only with mūlam TS. Āpast.):
Caus. barháyati ( seeᅠ ni-bṛih):
Desid. vivṛikshati, vivarhishati Gr.:
Intens. varīvarḍhi, varīvṛihyate ib. ;
2) orᅠ bṛiṉh cl. 1. P. Dhātup. XVII, 85 bṛiṉhati ( alsoᅠ - te ṠBr. andᅠ bṛihati AV. ;
pf. babarha AV. ;
A. p. babṛihāṇá RV.), to be thick, grow great orᅠ strong, increase (the finite verb only with a prep.):
Caus. bṛiṉhayati, - te ( alsoᅠ written vṛi-), to make big orᅠ fat orᅠ strong, increase, expand, further, promote MBh. Kathās. Pur. Suṡr. ;
barhayati seeᅠ sam-bṛih:
Intens. barbṛihat, barbṛihi seeᅠ upa-bṛih
3) prayer. seeᅠ bṛíhas-pati
4) orᅠ bṛiṉh ( alsoᅠ written vṛih orᅠ vṛiṉh). cl. s. P. Dhātup. XVII, 85 ;
bṛinhati ( orᅠ barhati;
3. pl. pf. Ā. babṛiiṉhire Ṡiṡ. XVII, 31),
to roar, bellow, trumpet (said of an elephant) MBh. Hariv. etc.;
alsoᅠ cl. so. P. Dhātup. XXXIII, 95 ;
to speak;
to shine
-
16 विसर्ग
vi-sarga
vi-sargám. sending forth, letting go, liberation, emission, discharge GṛṠrS. MBh. etc.;
voiding, evacuation (of excrement) ṠBr. MBh. Suṡr. ;
opening (of the closed hand) KātyṠr. ;
getting rid of, sending away, dismissal, rejection Mn. MBh. etc.;
letting loose i.e. driving out (cows;
seeᅠ go-vis-);
final emancipation, exemption from worldly existence BhP. ;
cessation, end RV. GṛS. ;
end of the annual course of the sun Car. ;
destruction of the world BhP. ;
giving, granting, bestowal Mn. MBh. etc.;
scattering, hurling, throwing, shooting, casting ( alsoᅠ of glances) MBh. Ragh. BhP. ;
producing, creating (esp. secondary creation orᅠ creation in detail by Purusha;
seeᅠ under sarga) Bhag. BhP. ;
creation (in the concrete sense), product, offspring Hariv. BhP. ;
« producer», cause BhP. ;
membrum virile ib. ;
the sun's southern course L. ;
separation, parting W. (cf. - cumbana);
light, splendour ib. ;
N. of a symbol in grammar (= vi-sarjanīya, which is the older term seeᅠ below) Pāṇ. Sch. Ṡrutab. MBh. BhP. ;
N. of Ṡiva MBh. XIII, 1241 ;
- cumbana n. a parting kiss Ragh. ;
- lupta n. elision of the Visarga Pratāp.
-
17 वी
vī1) cl. 2. P. Dhātup. XXIV, 39 ;
veti (accord. toᅠ some in the conjug. tenses substituted for aj;
2. sg. véshi alsoᅠ as Impv. RV. ;
3. pl. vyánti RV. AV. Br. ;
Subj. 2. 3. sg. ves RV. ;
Impv. vǏhí, vītāt ib. ;
3. pl. viyantu TS. ;
p. Ā. vyāná RV. ;
pf. vivāya, vivye ib. ;
aor. avaishīt Gr.;
3. pl. aveshan Subj. veshat RV. ;
fut. vetā, veshyati inf. vetum Gr.),
to go, approach, (either as a friend i.e. « seek orᅠ take eagerly, grasp, seize, accept, enjoy»,
orᅠ as an enemy i.e. « fall upon, attack, assail, visit, punish, avenge») RV. AV. TS. Br. ;
to set in motion, arouse, excite, impel RV. ;
to further, promote, lead orᅠ bring orᅠ help any one to (two acc.) ib. ;
to get, procure ib.:
Pass. - vīyáte etc. AV. Br.:
Caus. vāyayati orᅠ vāpayati (aor. avīvayat), to cause to go orᅠ approach etc.;
to impregnate Pāṇ. 6-1, 55:
Desid. vivīshati Gr.:
Intens., seeᅠ ā-vī andᅠ vevī
+ cf. accord. toᅠ some,
Lat. ve-nari;
Germ. weida, Weide, weiden
vī́2) mfn. going to, eager for, desirous orᅠ fond of (gen.) RV. I, 143, 5 ;
(cf. deva-vī́, pada-vī́);
set in motion ( seeᅠ parṇa-v-);
m. the act of going, motion L. ;
vî ̱
impf. vy-ait;
pf. vî ̱yāya;
inf. vy-etum;
for vyayati, vyayayati seeᅠ vyay), to go apart orᅠ in different directions, diverge, be diffused orᅠ scattered orᅠ distributed orᅠ divided orᅠ extended RV. etc. etc.;
to be lost, perish, disappear Up. MBh. etc.;
to go through, traverse RV. VS. AitBr.:
Intens. ( orᅠ cl. 4.) Ā. vî ̱yate, to pass through, traverse RV. ;
4) mfn. (weak form of vye) covered (cf. hiraṇya-vī́)
5) m. = 1. vi, a bird ( seeᅠ takva-vī́);
f. a female bird L. ;
6) in comp.= 3. vi (in vī-kāṡa, - cayana, - taṉsa, - nāha, - barha, - mārga, - rudh, - vadha, - vāha, - vidha, - vṛita, - sarpa, - hāra, qq.vv.)
-
18 वेद
veda1) m. (fr. 1. vid q.v.) knowledge, true orᅠ sacred knowledge orᅠ lore, knowledge of ritual RV. AitBr. ;
N. of certain celebrated works which constitute the basis of the first period of the Hindū religion (these works were primarily three, viz.
1. the Ṛig-veda,
2. the Yajur-veda
<of which there are, however, two divisions seeᅠ taittirīya-saṉhitā, vājasaneyi-saṉhitā>,
3. the Sāma-veda;
these three works are sometimes called collectively trayī,
« the triple Vidyā» orᅠ « threefold knowledge», but the Ṛig-veda is really the only original work of the three, andᅠ much the most ancient
<the oldest of its hymns being assigned by some who rely on certain astronomical calculations to a period between 4000 andᅠ 2500 B.C., before the settlement of the Āryans in India;
andᅠ by others who adopt a different reckoning to a period between 1400 andᅠ 1000 B.C., when the Āryans had settled down in the Panjāb>;
subsequently a fourth Veda was added, called the Atharva-veda, which was probably not completely accepted till after Manu, as his law-book often speaks of the three Vedas-calling them trayambrahmasanātanam, « the triple eternal Veda»,
but only once XI, 33 mentions the revelation made to Atharvan andᅠ Aṇgiras, without, however, calling it by the later name of Atharva-veda;
each of the four Vedas has two distinct parts,
viz. 1. Mantra, i.e. words of prayer andᅠ adoration often addressed either to fire orᅠ to some form of the sun orᅠ to some form of the air, sky, wind etc.,
andᅠ praying for health, wealth, long life, cattle, offspring, victory, andᅠ even forgiveness of sins, andᅠ 2. Brāhmaṇa, consisting of Vidhi andᅠ Artha-vāda,
i.e. directions for the detail of the ceremonies at which the Mantras were to be used andᅠ explanations of the legends etc. connected with the Mantras
< seeᅠ brāhmaṇa, vidhi>, both these portions being termed ṡruti, revelation orally communicated by the Deity, andᅠ heard but not composed orᅠ written down by men <cf. I. W. 24 etc.. >,
although it is certain that both Mantras andᅠ Brāhmaṇas were compositions spread over a considerable period, much of the latter being comparatively modern;
as the Vedas are properly three, so the Mantras are properly of three forms,
1. Ṛic, which are verses of praise in metre, andᅠ intended for loud recitation;
2. Yajus, which are in prose, andᅠ intended for recitation in a lower tone at sacrifices;
3. Sāman., which are in metre, andᅠ intended for chanting at the Soma orᅠ Moon-plant ceremonies, the Mantras of the fourth orᅠ Atharva-veda having no special name;
but it must be borne in mind that the Yajur andᅠ Sāma-veda hymns, especially the latter, besides their own Mantras, borrow largely from the Ṛig-veda;
the Yajur-veda andᅠ Sāma-veda being in fact not so much collections of prayers andᅠ hymns as special prayer- andᅠ hymn-books intended as manuals for the Adhvaryu andᅠ Udgātṛi priests respectively < seeᅠ yajur-veda, sāma-veda>;
the Atharva-veda, on the other hand, is, like the Ṛig-veda, a real collection of original hymns mixed up with incantations, borrowing little from the Ṛig andᅠ having no direct relation to sacrifices, but supposed by mere recitation to produce long life, to cure diseases, to effect the ruin of enemies etc.;
each of the four Vedas seems to have passed through numerous Ṡākhās orᅠ schools, giving rise to various recensions of the text, though the Ṛig-veda is only preserved in the Ṡākala recension, while a second recension, that of the Bhāshkalas, is only known by name;
a tradition makes Vyāsa the compiler andᅠ arranger of the Vedas in their present form:
they each have an Index orᅠ Anukramaṇī <q.v.>, the principal work of this kind being the general Index orᅠ Sarvânukramaṇī <q.v.>;
out of the Brāhmaṇa portion of the Veda grew two other departments of Vedic literature, sometimes included under the general name Veda,
viz. the strings of aphoristic rules, called Sūtras <q.v.>,
andᅠ the mystical treatises on the nature of God andᅠ the relation of soul andᅠ matter, called Upanishad. <q.v.>, which were appended to the Āraṇyakas <q.v.>, andᅠ became the real Veda of thinking Hindūs, leading to the Darṡanas orᅠ systems of philosophy;
in the later literature the name of « fifth Veda» is accorded to the Itihāsas orᅠ legendary epic poems andᅠ to the Purāṇas, andᅠ certain secondary Vedas orᅠ Upa-vedas <q.v.> are enumerated;
the Vedâṇgas orᅠ works serving as limbs < for preserving the integrity> of the Veda are explained under vedâ̱ṅga below:
the only other works included under the head of Veda being the Pariṡishṭas, which supply rules for the ritual omitted in the Sūtras;
in the Bṛihad-āraṇyaka Upanishad. the Vedas are represented as the breathings of Brahmā., while in some of the Purāṇas the four Vedas are said to have issued out of the four mouths of the four-faced Brahmā. andᅠ in the Vishṇu-Purāṇa the Veda andᅠ Vishṇu are identified) RTL. 7 etc.. IW. 5; 24 etc.. ;
N. of the number « four» VarBṛS. ; Srutabh.;
2) m. (fr. 3. vid) finding, obtaining, acquisition ( seeᅠ su-v-);
property, goods ĀṡvGṛ. ;
vedá3) m. (perhaps connected with 1. ve, to weave orᅠ bind together) a tuft orᅠ bunch of strong grass (Kuṡa orᅠ Muñja) made into a broom ( andᅠ used for sweeping, making up the sacrificial fire etc., in rites) AV. MS. Br. ṠrS. Mn. ;
4) m. N. of a pupil of Āyoda MBh. ;
(ā) f. N. of a river VP. ;
5) feeling, perception ṠBr. ;
= vṛitta (v.l. vitta) L. (cf. 2. veda)
- वेदकर्तृ
- वेदकविस्वामिन्
- वेदकार
- वेदकारणकारण
- वेदकुम्भ
- वेदकुशल
- वेदकौलेयक
- वेदगत
- वेदगर्भ
- वेदगर्व
- वेदगाथ
- वेदगाम्भीर्य
- वेदग्न्प्त
- वेदगुप्ति
- वेदगुह्य
- वेदघोष
- वेदचक्षुस्
- वेदजननी
- वेदज्ञ
- वेदतत्त्व
- वेदतत्त्वार्थ
- वेदतात्पर्य
- वेदतैजस
- वेदत्रय
- वेदत्रयी
- वेदत्व
- वेददक्षिणा
- वेददर्शन
- वेददर्शिन्
- वेददल
- वेददान
- वेददीप
- वेददीपिका
- वेददृष्ट
- वेदधर
- वेदधर्म
- वेदधारण
- वेदध्वनि
- वेदनाद
- वेदनिघण्टु
- वेदनिधि
- वेदनिन्दक
- वेदनिन्दा
- वेदनिन्दिन्
- वेदनिर्घोष
- वेदपठितृ
- वेदपथ
- वेदपथिन्
- वेदपददर्पण
- वेदपदस्तव
- वेदपाठ
- वेदपाठक
- वेदपाठिन्
- वेदपादरामायण
- वेदपादशिवस्तोत्र
- वेदपादस्तव
- वेदपादस्तोत्र
- वेदपारग
- वेदपारायणविधि
- वेदपुण्य
- वेदपुरुष
- वेदप्रकाश
- वेदप्रदान
- वेदप्रपद्
- वेदप्रवाद
- वेदप्लाविन्
- वेदफल
- वेदबाहु
- वेदबाह्य
- वेदबीज
- वेदब्रह्मचर्य
- वेदब्राह्मण
- वेदभाग
- वेदभाष्य
- वेदमन्त्र
- वेदमय
- वेदमातृ
- वेदमातृका
- वेदमालि
- वेदमाहात्म्य
- वेदमित्र
- वेदमुख
- वेदमुण्ड
- वेदमूर्ति
- वेदमूल
- वेदयज्ञ
- वेदरक्षण
- वेदरहस्य
- वेदरात
- वेदराशि
- वेदलक्षण
- वेदलक्षणसूत्रवृत्ति
- वेदवचन
- वेदवत्
- वेदवदन
- वेदवाक्य
- वेदवाद
- वेदवादिन्
- वेदवास
- वेदवाह
- वेदवाहन
- वेदवाह्य
- वेदविक्रयिन्
- वेदविचार
- वेदवित्त्व
- वेदविद्
- वेदविद्या
- वेदविद्वस्
- वेदविप्लावक
- वेदविलासिनी
- वेदविहित
- वेदवृत्त
- वेदवृद्ध
- वेदवेदाङ्ग
- वेदवैनाशिका
- वेदव्यास
- वेदव्रत
- वेदव्रतिन्
- वेदशब्द
- वेदशाखा
- वेदशास्त्र
- वेदशिर
- वेदशिरस्
- वेदशीर्ष
- वेदश्रवस्
- वेदश्री
- वेदश्रुत
- वेदश्रुति
- वेदसंस्थित
- वेदसंहिता
- वेदसंन्यास
- वेदसंन्यासिक
- वेदसंन्यासिन्
- वेदसमर्थन
- वेदसमाप्ति
- वेदसम्मत
- वेदसम्मित
- वेदसार
- वेदसूक्तभाष्य
- वेदसूत्र
- वेदस्तुति
- वेदस्पर्श
- वेदस्मृता
- वेदस्मृति
- वेदस्मृती
- वेदस्वामिन्
- वेदहीन
-
19 व्यस्त
vy-ástamfn. cut in pieces, dismembered (said of Vṛitra) RV. I, 32, 7 torn asunder, gaping TPrāt. ;
severed, separated, divided, distinct ( vy-astekāle, « at different times», « now andᅠ then»), single, simple Mn. MBh. etc.;
multiplied, various, manifold Prab. Kāvyâd. ;
opposed to, inverse, reverse ( seeᅠ comp.);
disordered, disarranged, confused, bewildered ( seeᅠ comp.);
scattered, dispersed, jyot. Uttarar. ;
expelled, removed Megh. ;
spread, extended ( seeᅠ comp.);
changed, altered ( seeᅠ comp.);
inherent in orᅠ pervading all the several parts of anything (in phil opp. to sam-asta), penetrated, pervaded;
(am) ind. severally, separately, partially MW. ;
- keṡá mf (ī)n. having dishevelled hair AV. - tā f. - tva n. severalty, individuality W. ;
individual inherence ib. ;
agitation, bewilderment ib. ;
- trairāṡika n. the rule of three inverted Col.;
- nyāsa mfn. « having separate impressions», rumpled (as a couch) Ratnâv. II, 11 ;
- pada n. confused statement of a case (in a lawcourt;
as, when a man is accused of debt, it is stated in defence that he has been assaulted), counter-plaint Yājñ. Sch. ;
(in gram.) a simple orᅠ uncompounded word W. ;
- puccha mfn. having an extended tail Ṡulbas. ;
- rātriṉ-diva mfn. dividing orᅠ separating night andᅠ day MW. ;
- vidhi m. inverted rule, any rule for inversion Col.;
- vṛitti mfn. (a word) whose proper force orᅠ meaning is changed orᅠ altered Ragh. XI, 73.
-
20 श्री
ṡrī
ṡrīṇáti, ṡrīṇīté (Gr. alsoᅠ pf. ṡiṡrāya, ṡiṡrīye;
aor. aṡraishīt, aṡreshṭa etc.;
for aṡiṡrayuḥ seeᅠ 2. abhi-ṡrī), to mix, mingle, cook (cf. abhi- andᅠ ā-ṡrī) RV. TS. VS. Br. ;
(= 1. ṡri), to burn, flame, diffuse light RV. I, 68, 1. ;
2) mfn. (ifc.) mixing, mingling, mixed with;
f. mixing, cooking
3) f. (prob. to be connected with 1. ṡri andᅠ alsoᅠ with 1. ṡrī in the sense of « diffusing light orᅠ radiance» ;
nom. ṡrī́s accord. toᅠ some alsoᅠ ṡrī) light, lustre, radiance, splendour, glory, beauty, grace, loveliness ( ṡriyé andᅠ ṡriyaí, « for splendour orᅠ beauty», « beauteously», « gloriously» cf. ṡriyáse;
du. ṡriyau, « beauty andᅠ prosperity» ;
ṡriyaātmajāḥ, « sons of beauty» i.e. horses <cf. ṡrī-putra>;
ṡriyaḥputrāḥ, « goats with auspicious marks») RV. etc. etc.;
prosperity, welfare, good fortune, success, auspiciousness, wealth, treasure, riches ( ṡriyā, « accordñaccording to fortune orᅠ wealth»), high rank, power, might, majesty, royal dignity ( orᅠ « Royal dignity» personified;
ṡriyobhājaḥ, « possessors of dignity», « people of high rank») AV. etc. etc.;
symbol orᅠ insignia of royalty Vikr. IV, 13 ;
N. of Lakshmī (as goddess of prosperity orᅠ beauty andᅠ wife of Vishṇu, produced at the churning of the ocean, alsoᅠ as daughter of Bhṛigu andᅠ as mother of Darpa) ṠBr. etc. etc.;
N. of Sarasvatī ( seeᅠ - pañcamī);
of a daughter of king Su-ṡarman Kathās. ;
of various metres Col.;
(the following only in L. « a lotus-flower;
intellect, understanding;
speech;
cloves;
Pinus Longifolia;
Aegle Marmelos;
a kind of drug = vṛiddhi;
N. of a Buddhist goddess andᅠ of the mother of the 17th Arhat»);
m. N. of the fifth musical Rāga ( seeᅠ rāga) Saṃgīt. ;
mfn. diffusing light orᅠ radiance, splendid, radiant, beautifying, adorning (ifc.;
seeᅠ agni-, adhvara-, kshatra-, gaṇa-, jana-ṡrī etc.) RV. IV, 41, 8 ;
<The word ṡrī is frequently used as an honorific prefix (= « sacred», « holy») to the names of deities (e.g.. Ṡri-Durgā, Ṡrī-Rāma), andᅠ may be repeated two, three, orᅠ even four times to express excessive veneration. (e.g.. Ṡrī-ṡrī-Durgā etc.);
it is alsoᅠ used as a respectful title (like « Reverend») to the names of eminent persons as well as of celebrated works andᅠ sacred objects
(e.g.. Ṡrī-Jayadeva. ṠrīBhāgavata), andᅠ is often placed at the beginning orᅠ back of letters, manuscripts, important documents etc.;
alsoᅠ before the words caraṇa andᅠ pāda « feet», andᅠ even the end of personal names.>
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