reproach

bestĭa, ae, f. [perh. akin to fera and to belua], a beast (as a being without reason; opp. to man; while animal, = aliving being, includes man; bestia includes both fera, the beast as distinguished by fierceness, and belua, as distinguished by its size or ferocity; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, p. 290 sq.).

Lit.

In gen. (in the classical per. mostly in prose;

esp. freq. in Cic., who uses it in its most extended signif., of every kind of living creature excepting man): disserens, neque in homine inesse animum vel animam nec in bestiā,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 21; 5, 13, 38; id. N. D. 2, 11, 31; id. Agr. 2, 4, 9:

quod si hoc apparet in bestiis volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris... quanto id magis in homine fit natura, etc.,

id. Lael. 21, 81; id. N. D. 2, 48, 124.—So of the serpent, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 75.—Of the crocodile and other amphibious animals, Cic. l. l.—Of the dog, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56. —Of the elephant (for the more usual belua), Liv. 33, 9, 7.—Of the ass, Suet. Aug. 96.—Of a caterpillar, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 62.—

Of the ostrich: sequitur natura avium, quarum grandissimi et paene bestiarum generis struthiocameli,

Plin. 10, 1, 1, § 1; cf. Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6; 9, 1, 1, § 10.—With muta, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; Liv. 7, 4, 6 (cf. mutae pecudes, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 8, 24).—And for the designation of a wild animal, with fera:

vinctum ante se Thyum agebat, ut si feram bestiam captam duceret,

Nep. Dat. 3, 2 Dähne; Liv. 26, 13, 12; 26, 27, 12; Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; Just. Inst. 2, 1, 12 sq.—

As a term of reproach (cf. belua and our beast):

mala tu es bestia,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 21; id. Poen. 5, 5, 13.—And, humorously, of the odor of the armpits (cf. ala and caper), Cat. 69, 8.—

Esp., when the contest with animals became more usual in the public spectacles at Rome (not yet customary A.U.C. 583, B.C. 171, Liv. 44, 9, 4), bestia designated, without the addition of fera, a wild beast destined to fight with gladiators or criminals (v. bestiarius;

usually lions, tigers, panthers, etc.).—Hence, ad bestias mittere aliquem,

to send one to fight with wild beasts, Cic. Pis. 36, 89; so, bestiis obioere aliquem, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3:

condemnare aliquem ad bestias,

Suet. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 14:

dare aliquem ad bestias,

Dig. 48, 8, 11; Gell. 5, 14, 27:

ad pugnam bestiarum datus, Gell. l. l. § 10: tradere aliquem ad bestias depugnandas, Dig. l. l.: bestiarum damnatio,

the condemnation to fight with wild beasts, ib. 48, 13, 6 al. —Hence the expl.:

bestiarum vocabulum proprie convenit leonibus, pardis et lupis, tigribus et vulpibus, canibus et simiis ac ceteris, quae vel ore vel unguibus saeviunt, exceptis serpentibus,

Isid. Orig. 12, 2, 1 (but cf. supra, 1.).—

Transf., as a constellation, the wotf, Vitr. 9, 4 (7) (called by Cic. Arat. 211 or 455, Quadrupes vasta).

Bestĭa, ae, m., a cognomen in the Calpurnian family.

The consul L. Calpurnius Bestia, Sall. J. 27, 4 al.; Flor. 3, 1, 7.—

The tribune of the people L. Bestia, Cic. Brut. 34, 128; id. de Or. 2, 70, 283.—

Another tribune of the people, L. Bestia, a confederate of Catiline, Sall. C. 17, 3; 43, 1.

cădāver, ĕris, n. [cado, I. B. 2.; cf. Isid. Orig. 11, 2, 35, and the Gr. ptôma, from piptô].

Lit., a dead body of man or brute, a corpse, carcass (class.).

Of man:

taetra cadavera,

Lucr. 2, 415; 3, 719; 4, 682; 6, 1154;

6, 1273: aqua cadaveribus inquinata,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97.—Freq. of the bodies of slaves, criminals, etc., Cic. Mil. 13, 33; Hor. S. 1, 8, 8; 2, 5, 85.—Of the dead bodies of those who fell in war, Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Sall. C. 61, 4; 61, 8; id. J. 101 fin.; Flor. 2, 6, 18; 3, 2, 85; Val. Max. 7, 6, 5.—Of the body of Caligula, Suet. Calig. 59:

semiustum,

id. Dom. 15 al.:

informe,

Verg. A. 8, 264.—Esp., as med. t. t. for a corpse:

recentia,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; 11, 37, 70, § 184; Val. Max. 9, 2, ext. 10; Sen. Contr. 10, 34.—

Of brutes:

aggerat ipsis In stabulis turpi dilapsa cadavera tabo,

Verg. G. 3, 557.—Hence, as a term of reproach of a despised, worthless man, a carcass:

ab hoc ejecto cadavere quidquam mihi aut opis aut ornamenti expetebam?

Cic. Pis. 9, 19; 33, 82.—

Meton., the remains, ruins of desolated towns: tot oppidŭm cadavera, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4.

caenum (less correctly coenum), i, n. [cunio], dirt, filth, mud, mire (always with access. idea of loathsomeness, diff. from limus, lutum, etc.:

omnes stultos insanire, ut male olere omne caenum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 24, 54; freq. and class. in prose and poetry);

prop.: pulchrum ornatum turpes mores pejus caeno collinunt,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 133; cf. id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; 4, 2, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 21, 4; id. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 173; Lucr. 6, 977; Verg. G. 4, 49; id. A. 6, 296; Ov. M. 1, 418; * Hor. S. 2, 7, 27; Curt. 3, 13, 11; 4, 3, 25; Tac. A. 1, 73; *Suet. Vit. 17:

cloacarum,

Col. 2, 15, 6; 7, 4, 6; Plin. 31, 6, 32, § 61; Stat. Th. 9, 502; Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 13.— Prov.: mordicus petere e caeno cibum, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 138, 22.—

Trop., filth, dirt, uncleanness:

ut eum ex lutulento caeno propere hinc eliciat foras (sc. ex amore meretricum),

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 17:

in tenebris volvi caenoque,

Lucr. 3, 77; cf.:

ex caeno plebeio consulatum extrahere,

Liv. 10, 15, 9.—Also as a term of reproach, dirty fellow, vile fellow, Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 3; id. Ps. 1, 3, 132; Cic. Sest. 8, 20; id. Dom. 18, 47.

cănis ( cănes, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18; id. Trin. 1, 2, 133; 1, 2, 135; Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll., or Ann. v. 518 Vahl.; Lucil. ap. Varr. ib.; cf. Charis. 1, 17, p. 118 P.; abl. always cane; gen. plur. canum; v. Neue, Formenl. pp. 223, 258 sq.), comm. [Sanscr. cvan; Gr. kuôn, kunos; Germ. Hund; Engl. hound].

Lit., a dog.

In gen., v. Varr. R. R. 1, 21; 2, 9, 1 sqq.; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 142 sqq.; Col. 7, 12, 1: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibus latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.):

introiit in aedĭs ater alienus canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: inritata canes, Lucil. ap. Charis. 1, p. 100 P.:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

in Hyrcaniă plebs publicos alit canes, optumates domesticos: nobile autem genus canum illud scimus esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

si lupi canibus similes sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

canes ut montivagae persaepe ferai Naribus inveniunt quietes,

Lucr. 1, 405:

canis acer,

Hor. Epod. 12, 6:

acres,

Varr. R. R. 1, 21:

acriores et vigilantiores,

Cato, R. R. 124:

assiduus,

Col. R. R. 7, 12, 5:

catenarius,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 2:

catenă vinctus,

Petr. 29:

Molossi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 115; cf. Lucr. 5, 1063:

obscenae,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Ov. F. 4, 936:

pastoralis,

Col. 7, 12, 3:

pecuarius,

id. 7, 12, 8:

pulicosa,

id. 7, 13, 2:

rabidi,

Lucr. 5, 892; Sen. Oedip. 932:

rabiosus,

Plin. 29, 4, 32, § 98:

saeva canum rabies,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 17; Plin. 8, 40, 63, § 152:

est verunculus in linguă canum, quo exempto nec rabidi fuint, etc.,

id. 29, 4, 32, § 100: rabiosa. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75:

venatici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 31; Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

alere canes ad venandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; Curt. 9, 1, 31:

vigiles,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

canum fida custodia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 150:

fida canum vis,

Lucr. 6, 1222:

levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda,

id. 5, 864:

caput mediae canis praecisae,

Liv. 40, 6, 1; cf. Curt. 10, 9, 12:

saepe citos egi per juga longa canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

canibus circumdare saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57:

hos non inmissis canibus agitant,

id. G. 3, 371:

leporem canibus venari,

id. ib. 3, 410.—

Esp.

As a term of reproach, to denote,

A shameless, vile person, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 33 Donat. ad loc.; Hor. Epod. 6, 1; cf. id. S. 2, 2, 56; Petr. 74, 9; Suet. Vesp. 13. —

A fierce or enraged person, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 14, 5, 1, 18; Hyg. Fab. 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57; Sen. Cons. Marc. 22, 5.—

As the regular designation of the hangers-on or parasites of an eminent or rich Roman; a follower, dog, creature:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus suis quos circa se habuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

cohors ista quorum hominum est? Volusii haruspices et Canelii medici et horum canum quos tribunal meum vides lambere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11, §

28: apponit de suis canibus quendam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 40; 2, 5, 56, § 146; id. Att. 6, 3, 6; id. Pis. 10, 23.—

In mythical lang.

Tergeminus, i. e. Cerberus. Ov. A. A. 3, 322; id. Tr. 4, 7, 16;

called also viperius,

id. Am. 3, 12, 26:

Tartareus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 649:

triformis,

id. Herc. Oet. 1202: Echidnaea. Ov. M. 7, 409; cf.:

infernae canes,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 35; Verg. A. 6, 257; Luc. 6, 733. —

Semidei canes, Anubis, Luc. 8, 832.—

Prov.

Stultitia est venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 82.—

Cane pejus et angui Vitare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 30.—

Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto, will never be frightened from the greasy hide, Hor. S. 2, 5, 83.—

Canis caninam non ēst (cf. Engl. dog won ' t eat dog), Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll.—

A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper, Ov. R. Am. 422.—

CAVE CANEM, beware of the dog, a frequent inscription of warning to trespassers on doors, etc., Petr. 29; Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320. —Hence:

Cave Canem,

the title of a satire by Varro, Non. p. 75, 22.—

Transf. [p. 279]

Esp.:

Canis Major, or simply Canis,

a constellation of twenty stars, Hyg. Astr. 3, 34; of which the brighest is Sirius or Canicula, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 108 (349); 123 (367); 138 (382); 276 (522); Vitr. 9, 5, 2; Verg. G. 1, 218; 2, 353; Hor. S. 1, 7, 25; id. Ep. 1, 10, 16; Tib. 3, 5, 2; Ov. F. 4, 904; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 234 sqq.—

Canis Minor, or Minusculus, the Little Dog, = Prokuôn, commonly called Antecanis (hence the plur. canes), Vitr. 9, 52; Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268; Ov. F. 4, 904.—Acc. to the fable, the dog of Erigone, daughter of Icarius;

hence, Erigoneïus,

Ov. F. 5, 723, and Icarius, id. ib. 4, 939.—

The sea-dog, called canis marinus, Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110; and mythically, of the dogs of Scylla, Lucr. 5, 890; Verg. A. 3, 432; Tib. 3, 4, 89; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146; Luc. 1, 549 Cort.; Sen. Med. 351.—

The worst throw with dice, the dog-throw (cf. canicula and alea):

damnosi,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 46; Ov. Tr. 2, 474:

canem mittere,

Suet. Aug. 71; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 65.—Prov.:

tam facile quam canis excidit,

Sen. Apocol. 10, 2.—

A Cynic philosopher:

Diogenes cum choro canum suorum,

Lact. Epit. 39, 4.—

A kind of fetter, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 37 dub. (al. camum; v. camus); cf. 1. catulus.

Cănis, is, m., a small river tributary to the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.

cănis ( cănes, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18; id. Trin. 1, 2, 133; 1, 2, 135; Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll., or Ann. v. 518 Vahl.; Lucil. ap. Varr. ib.; cf. Charis. 1, 17, p. 118 P.; abl. always cane; gen. plur. canum; v. Neue, Formenl. pp. 223, 258 sq.), comm. [Sanscr. cvan; Gr. kuôn, kunos; Germ. Hund; Engl. hound].

Lit., a dog.

In gen., v. Varr. R. R. 1, 21; 2, 9, 1 sqq.; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 142 sqq.; Col. 7, 12, 1: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibus latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.):

introiit in aedĭs ater alienus canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: inritata canes, Lucil. ap. Charis. 1, p. 100 P.:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

in Hyrcaniă plebs publicos alit canes, optumates domesticos: nobile autem genus canum illud scimus esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

si lupi canibus similes sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

canes ut montivagae persaepe ferai Naribus inveniunt quietes,

Lucr. 1, 405:

canis acer,

Hor. Epod. 12, 6:

acres,

Varr. R. R. 1, 21:

acriores et vigilantiores,

Cato, R. R. 124:

assiduus,

Col. R. R. 7, 12, 5:

catenarius,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 2:

catenă vinctus,

Petr. 29:

Molossi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 115; cf. Lucr. 5, 1063:

obscenae,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Ov. F. 4, 936:

pastoralis,

Col. 7, 12, 3:

pecuarius,

id. 7, 12, 8:

pulicosa,

id. 7, 13, 2:

rabidi,

Lucr. 5, 892; Sen. Oedip. 932:

rabiosus,

Plin. 29, 4, 32, § 98:

saeva canum rabies,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 17; Plin. 8, 40, 63, § 152:

est verunculus in linguă canum, quo exempto nec rabidi fuint, etc.,

id. 29, 4, 32, § 100: rabiosa. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75:

venatici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 31; Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

alere canes ad venandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; Curt. 9, 1, 31:

vigiles,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

canum fida custodia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 150:

fida canum vis,

Lucr. 6, 1222:

levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda,

id. 5, 864:

caput mediae canis praecisae,

Liv. 40, 6, 1; cf. Curt. 10, 9, 12:

saepe citos egi per juga longa canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

canibus circumdare saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57:

hos non inmissis canibus agitant,

id. G. 3, 371:

leporem canibus venari,

id. ib. 3, 410.—

Esp.

As a term of reproach, to denote,

A shameless, vile person, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 33 Donat. ad loc.; Hor. Epod. 6, 1; cf. id. S. 2, 2, 56; Petr. 74, 9; Suet. Vesp. 13. —

A fierce or enraged person, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 14, 5, 1, 18; Hyg. Fab. 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57; Sen. Cons. Marc. 22, 5.—

As the regular designation of the hangers-on or parasites of an eminent or rich Roman; a follower, dog, creature:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus suis quos circa se habuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

cohors ista quorum hominum est? Volusii haruspices et Canelii medici et horum canum quos tribunal meum vides lambere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11, §

28: apponit de suis canibus quendam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 40; 2, 5, 56, § 146; id. Att. 6, 3, 6; id. Pis. 10, 23.—

In mythical lang.

Tergeminus, i. e. Cerberus. Ov. A. A. 3, 322; id. Tr. 4, 7, 16;

called also viperius,

id. Am. 3, 12, 26:

Tartareus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 649:

triformis,

id. Herc. Oet. 1202: Echidnaea. Ov. M. 7, 409; cf.:

infernae canes,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 35; Verg. A. 6, 257; Luc. 6, 733. —

Semidei canes, Anubis, Luc. 8, 832.—

Prov.

Stultitia est venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 82.—

Cane pejus et angui Vitare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 30.—

Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto, will never be frightened from the greasy hide, Hor. S. 2, 5, 83.—

Canis caninam non ēst (cf. Engl. dog won ' t eat dog), Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll.—

A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper, Ov. R. Am. 422.—

CAVE CANEM, beware of the dog, a frequent inscription of warning to trespassers on doors, etc., Petr. 29; Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320. —Hence:

Cave Canem,

the title of a satire by Varro, Non. p. 75, 22.—

Transf. [p. 279]

Esp.:

Canis Major, or simply Canis,

a constellation of twenty stars, Hyg. Astr. 3, 34; of which the brighest is Sirius or Canicula, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 108 (349); 123 (367); 138 (382); 276 (522); Vitr. 9, 5, 2; Verg. G. 1, 218; 2, 353; Hor. S. 1, 7, 25; id. Ep. 1, 10, 16; Tib. 3, 5, 2; Ov. F. 4, 904; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 234 sqq.—

Canis Minor, or Minusculus, the Little Dog, = Prokuôn, commonly called Antecanis (hence the plur. canes), Vitr. 9, 52; Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268; Ov. F. 4, 904.—Acc. to the fable, the dog of Erigone, daughter of Icarius;

hence, Erigoneïus,

Ov. F. 5, 723, and Icarius, id. ib. 4, 939.—

The sea-dog, called canis marinus, Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110; and mythically, of the dogs of Scylla, Lucr. 5, 890; Verg. A. 3, 432; Tib. 3, 4, 89; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146; Luc. 1, 549 Cort.; Sen. Med. 351.—

The worst throw with dice, the dog-throw (cf. canicula and alea):

damnosi,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 46; Ov. Tr. 2, 474:

canem mittere,

Suet. Aug. 71; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 65.—Prov.:

tam facile quam canis excidit,

Sen. Apocol. 10, 2.—

A Cynic philosopher:

Diogenes cum choro canum suorum,

Lact. Epit. 39, 4.—

A kind of fetter, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 37 dub. (al. camum; v. camus); cf. 1. catulus.

Cănis, is, m., a small river tributary to the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.

căpella, ae, f. dim. [caper; cf.: puer, puella], a she-goat.

Lit., Col. 7, 6, 4; Cat. 19, 16; 20, 10; Tib. 1, 1, 31; Verg. E. 7, 3; 10, 7; Hor. Epod. 16, 49; id. S. 1, 1, 110; id. Ep. 1, 7, 86; Ov. M. 13, 691 al.—A piece of statuary, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87.—

As a term of reproach, a dirty fellow, Amm. 17, 12; 24, 8 (cf. canicula).—

A star on the left shoulder of the constellation Auriga (usu. called capra), Plin. 18, 26, 66, § 248; rising in the rainy season; hence, sidus pluviale capellae, Ov. M. 3, 594:

signum pluviale,

id. F. 5, 113.

Căpella. ae, m., a Roman proper name.

An elegiac poet, Ov. P. 4, 16, 36. —

Capella Antistius, a teacher of rhetoric, Lampr. Comm. 1, 6.—

Martianus Mineus Felix Capella, a learned grammarian of Madaura, in Africa, in the second half of the fifth century; his Satyricon treats of the liberal arts.—Hence, Căpel-lĭānus, a um, adj., belonging to a Capella, Mart. 11, 31, 17.

căpella, ae, f. dim. [caper; cf.: puer, puella], a she-goat.

Lit., Col. 7, 6, 4; Cat. 19, 16; 20, 10; Tib. 1, 1, 31; Verg. E. 7, 3; 10, 7; Hor. Epod. 16, 49; id. S. 1, 1, 110; id. Ep. 1, 7, 86; Ov. M. 13, 691 al.—A piece of statuary, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87.—

As a term of reproach, a dirty fellow, Amm. 17, 12; 24, 8 (cf. canicula).—

A star on the left shoulder of the constellation Auriga (usu. called capra), Plin. 18, 26, 66, § 248; rising in the rainy season; hence, sidus pluviale capellae, Ov. M. 3, 594:

signum pluviale,

id. F. 5, 113.

Căpella. ae, m., a Roman proper name.

An elegiac poet, Ov. P. 4, 16, 36. —

Capella Antistius, a teacher of rhetoric, Lampr. Comm. 1, 6.—

Martianus Mineus Felix Capella, a learned grammarian of Madaura, in Africa, in the second half of the fifth century; his Satyricon treats of the liberal arts.—Hence, Căpel-lĭānus, a um, adj., belonging to a Capella, Mart. 11, 31, 17.

căpella, ae, f. dim. [caper; cf.: puer, puella], a she-goat.

Lit., Col. 7, 6, 4; Cat. 19, 16; 20, 10; Tib. 1, 1, 31; Verg. E. 7, 3; 10, 7; Hor. Epod. 16, 49; id. S. 1, 1, 110; id. Ep. 1, 7, 86; Ov. M. 13, 691 al.—A piece of statuary, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 87.—

As a term of reproach, a dirty fellow, Amm. 17, 12; 24, 8 (cf. canicula).—

A star on the left shoulder of the constellation Auriga (usu. called capra), Plin. 18, 26, 66, § 248; rising in the rainy season; hence, sidus pluviale capellae, Ov. M. 3, 594:

signum pluviale,

id. F. 5, 113.

Căpella. ae, m., a Roman proper name.

An elegiac poet, Ov. P. 4, 16, 36. —

Capella Antistius, a teacher of rhetoric, Lampr. Comm. 1, 6.—

Martianus Mineus Felix Capella, a learned grammarian of Madaura, in Africa, in the second half of the fifth century; his Satyricon treats of the liberal arts.—Hence, Căpel-lĭānus, a um, adj., belonging to a Capella, Mart. 11, 31, 17.

carcer, ĕris, m. [Sicilian karkaron; cf. O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 13; etym. dub.; cf. scrinium], an enclosed place; hence,

A prison, jail (syn.:

custodia, vincula): si tresviri me in carcerem conpegerint,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 3; id. Poen. 3, 3, 79; Lucr. 3, 1016; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 22 sq.; Liv. 6, 36, 112 al.:

carcer, quem vindicem scelerum majores nostri esse voluerunt,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27.

Poet., of the custody of the winds, Verg. A. 1, 54; Ov. M. 4, 663; 14, 224; id. F. 2, 456;

and of the lower world: carcer inferorum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1222:

Ditis,

Luc. 6, 797.— Trop., of the chains of the body:

qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14, 14; so id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; Luc. 6, 721.—

Esp., the Roman State-prison, close to the Forum, at the foot of the Capitoline Hill, on the right of the Sacra Via, built by Ancus Marcius, Liv. 1, 33, 8; extended under ground by Servius Tullius; hence this part of the prison is called Tullianum. Varr. L. L. 5, § 151, p. 42 Bip.; Cic. Sull. 25, 70; Sall. C. 55, 3; Liv. 1, 33, 8; Tac. A. 3, 51 al.; cf.:

in inferiorem demissus carcerem,

Liv. 34, 44, 8:

in carcerem conditi,

id. 29, 22, 7; cf. also Fest. p. 356 Müll., and Becker. Antiq. 1, 262 sq.; v. also Tullianum and robur, II. A.—

Meton.

The imprisoned criminals: in me carcerem effudistis, [p. 291] Cic. Pis. 7, 16.—

As a term of reproach ( = carcerarius), jail-bird, scapegallows: carcer vix carcere dignus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 26; Ter. Phorm. l. l.—

The barrier or starting-place in the race-course (opp. meta or calx; v. h. vv.); usu. in plur., carceres, Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.; Lucr. 2, 264; 4, 990; Cic. Brut. 47, 173; Verg. G. 1, 512; * Hor. S. 1, 1, 114 al. —In sing. (mostly poet.), Enn. Ann. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (v. 88 Vahl.); Tib. 1, 4, 32 (imitated by Ov. H. 18, 166); Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Verg. G. 3, 104; id. A. 5, 145 Serv.; Ov. M. 10, 652; id. Tr. 5, 9, 29; 5, 12, 26; Suet. Caes. 21; Stat. Th. 6, 522.—

Trop., the commencement, beginning, of a course of action or of a condition:

a quibus carceribus decurrat ad metas,

Varr. R. R. 1, 3; so id. ib. 2, 7, 1:

ad carceres a calce revocari,

i.e. to begin life anew, Cic. Sen. 23, 83; cf.:

cum aequalibus, quibus cum tamquam e carceribus emissus sis,

id. Lael. 27, 101.

carnĭfex or carnŭfex, fĭcis, m. [v. caro-facio], an executioner, hangman, Plaut Bacch. 4, 4, 37; id. Capt. 5, 4, 22; id. Rud. 3, 6, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; id. Phil. 11, 3, 7; id. Quint. 15, 50; id. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; Quint. 5, 10, 59; Lucr. 3, 1017; Cat. 97, 12; Juv. 8, 175 al.; this office was considered so disgraceful that he was not permitted to live in the city, Cic. Rab. Perd. 4 sq.; but in the Subura, Mart. 2, 17, 1 sqq.—

As a term of reproach, scoundrel, villain, rascal, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 220; 2, 1, 41; Ter. And. 1, 2, 12; id. Eun. 4, 4, 3; Cic. Pis. 5, 11.—

Trop., tormenter, murderer, Ter. And. 4, 1, 27 Don.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 9; Liv. 2, 35, 1; 2, 56, 8; 2, 42, 23 fin.:

Fortuna gloriae carnifex,

murderer, destroyer of fame, Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39. — Poet., adj., murderous, killing:

carnifex avis,

Mart. 11, 84, 10:

pedes (sc. podagrici),

id. 12, 48, 10:

manus,

Sil. 1, 173:

epulae,

deadly, Claud. B. Gild. 178:

libido,

Arn. 1, 41.

carnĭfex or carnŭfex, fĭcis, m. [v. caro-facio], an executioner, hangman, Plaut Bacch. 4, 4, 37; id. Capt. 5, 4, 22; id. Rud. 3, 6, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; id. Phil. 11, 3, 7; id. Quint. 15, 50; id. Rab. Perd. 4, 12; Quint. 5, 10, 59; Lucr. 3, 1017; Cat. 97, 12; Juv. 8, 175 al.; this office was considered so disgraceful that he was not permitted to live in the city, Cic. Rab. Perd. 4 sq.; but in the Subura, Mart. 2, 17, 1 sqq.—

As a term of reproach, scoundrel, villain, rascal, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 220; 2, 1, 41; Ter. And. 1, 2, 12; id. Eun. 4, 4, 3; Cic. Pis. 5, 11.—

Trop., tormenter, murderer, Ter. And. 4, 1, 27 Don.; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 9; Liv. 2, 35, 1; 2, 56, 8; 2, 42, 23 fin.:

Fortuna gloriae carnifex,

murderer, destroyer of fame, Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39. — Poet., adj., murderous, killing:

carnifex avis,

Mart. 11, 84, 10:

pedes (sc. podagrici),

id. 12, 48, 10:

manus,

Sil. 1, 173:

epulae,

deadly, Claud. B. Gild. 178:

libido,

Arn. 1, 41.

caudex, ĭcis, m. (more recent orthography cōdex) [etym. dub.; cf. cauda].

The trunk of a tree, the stock, stem (rare).

Caudex, Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 121; 12, 15, 34, § 67; Verg. G. 2, 30 et saep.—

Codex, Ov. M. 12, 432; Col. 4, 8, 2; 5, 6, 21.— Hence,

The block of wood to which one was bound for punishment:

codex,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 39; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 44; Juv. 2, 57. —

A term of reproach, block, dolt, blockhead:

caudex,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 4; Petr. 74.—

Inpartic.

A block of wood split or sawn into planks, leaves or tablets and fastened together:

quia plurium tabularum contextus caudex apud antiquos vocatur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4: quod antiqui pluris tabulas conjunctas codices dicebant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 535, 20.—Hence,

(Since the ancients orig. wrote upon tablets of wood smeared with wax.) A book, a writing (its leaves were not, like the volumina, rolled within one another, but, like those of our books, lay over one another; cf. Dict. of Antiq.).

Caudex, Cato ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Ant. 1, 2.—

Codex, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 119; id. Clu. 33, 91; Quint. 10, 3, 28; Dig. 32, 1, 52 al.—

Esp. of an accountbook and particularly of a ledger (while adversaria signifies the waste-book; hence only the former was of any validity in law): non habere se hoc nomen ( this item) in codice accepti et expensi relatum confitetur:

sed in adversariis patere contendit, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5; v. the passage in connection; cf. id. ib. 3, 9: in codicis extremā cerā (i. e. upon the last tablet), id. Verr. 2, 1, 36. §

92: referre in codicem,

id. Sull. 15, 44.—

A code of laws: Codex Theodosianus, Justinianus, etc.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. s. v.

Caudex, cis, m., a Roman cognomen: App. Claudius Caudex, consul A. U. C. 490, B. C. 264, Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4; Aur. Vict. 37.

caudex, ĭcis, m. (more recent orthography cōdex) [etym. dub.; cf. cauda].

The trunk of a tree, the stock, stem (rare).

Caudex, Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 121; 12, 15, 34, § 67; Verg. G. 2, 30 et saep.—

Codex, Ov. M. 12, 432; Col. 4, 8, 2; 5, 6, 21.— Hence,

The block of wood to which one was bound for punishment:

codex,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 39; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 44; Juv. 2, 57. —

A term of reproach, block, dolt, blockhead:

caudex,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 4; Petr. 74.—

Inpartic.

A block of wood split or sawn into planks, leaves or tablets and fastened together:

quia plurium tabularum contextus caudex apud antiquos vocatur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4: quod antiqui pluris tabulas conjunctas codices dicebant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 535, 20.—Hence,

(Since the ancients orig. wrote upon tablets of wood smeared with wax.) A book, a writing (its leaves were not, like the volumina, rolled within one another, but, like those of our books, lay over one another; cf. Dict. of Antiq.).

Caudex, Cato ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Ant. 1, 2.—

Codex, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 119; id. Clu. 33, 91; Quint. 10, 3, 28; Dig. 32, 1, 52 al.—

Esp. of an accountbook and particularly of a ledger (while adversaria signifies the waste-book; hence only the former was of any validity in law): non habere se hoc nomen ( this item) in codice accepti et expensi relatum confitetur:

sed in adversariis patere contendit, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5; v. the passage in connection; cf. id. ib. 3, 9: in codicis extremā cerā (i. e. upon the last tablet), id. Verr. 2, 1, 36. §

92: referre in codicem,

id. Sull. 15, 44.—

A code of laws: Codex Theodosianus, Justinianus, etc.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. s. v.

Caudex, cis, m., a Roman cognomen: App. Claudius Caudex, consul A. U. C. 490, B. C. 264, Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4; Aur. Vict. 37.

cĕler, ĕris, e ( masc. cĕleris, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 760 P.; fem. celer, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. l. l.; cf. acer; sup. celerissimus, Enn. and Manlius ap. Prisc. l. l.) [cello; cf. Doed. Syn. 2, pp. 123 and 93, urging, pressing forward; cf. also 1. cello], swift, fleet, quick, speedy (with the access. idea of energy, struggling, and even power; v. Doed. above cited; syn.: expeditus, promptus, velox, citatus; opp. tardus, segnis, lentus).

Of corporeal objects:

face te propere celerem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 1:

hasta, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. l. l.: sagitta,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 9; Ov. M. 5, 367: configebat tardus celeres (sc. aves), Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 32:

pennae,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 53:

Mercurius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 13:

Cynthia,

id. ib. 3, 28, 12:

Diana,

Ov. M. 4, 304:

deae,

id. ib. 2, 119:

rivi,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 14:

curriculum,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 13:

flamma,

Lucr. 2, 192; cf. id. 5, 302:

ignis,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 76:

motus,

Lucr. 4, 177; cf.:

celer atque instabilis motus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 5:

receptus,

id. B. C. 1, 59:

lapsus,

Lucr. 4, 324; Ov. M. 6, 216:

ictus,

Lucr. 3, 636:

impete,

id. 6, 334:

turbo,

Verg. A. 12, 855:

venti,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 10; 1, 15, 3; 1, 14, 5:

cerva,

Cat. 64, 341:

canis,

Tib. 4, 3, 14:

equus,

id. 1, 2, 70; 4, 1, 91:

lupi,

id. 2, 1, 20:

classis,

Cat. 64, 53:

ratis,

id. 63, 1:

navis,

id. 4, 2:

carina,

Ov. M. 9, 447:

lintres,

Prop. 1, 14, 3:

pedes,

id. 3 (4), 9, 18:

remedia,

quickly working, efficacious, Nep. Att. 21, 2.— Poet. with gen. gerund:

nandi,

Sil. 4, 587.—With inf.:

excipere aprum,

Hor. C. 3, 12, 11; so id. ib. 4, 6, 39; id. Ep. 1, 20, 25.— Poet., celer for celeriter, Ov. M. 2, 119; 2, 838; 9, 765.—

Of mental and abstract objects:

oderunt Sedatum celeres,

lively, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 90; cf. Vell. 2, 73:

mens, quā nihil est celerius,

Cic. Or. 59, 200; cf. Lucr. 3, 183:

oratio celeris et concitata,

rapid, hurried, Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 138; 9. 4, 83; 9, 4, 111;

9, 4, 135: consilium,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 1.—

Implying reproach, rash, hasty, precipitate:

consilia,

Liv. 9, 32, 3; so id. 22, 38, 13; cf. id. 2, 51, 7;

and so iambi (of the fire of youth),

rash, hasty, Hor. C. 1, 16, 24:

victoria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 3:

desperatio rerum,

Liv. 21, 1, 5:

ratione,

Lucr. 4, 144; 4, 255; 4, 775:

fata celerrima,

Verg. A. 12, 507:

mors,

Tib. 4, 1, 205.— Adv., quickly, speedily (syn.: velociter, cito, continuo, confestim, festinanter).

cĕlĕrĕ, Enn. et Nov. ap. Non. p. 510, 9 sq.; Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 4.—

cĕlĕrĭter, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 2; Cic. Att. 15, 27, 1; id. Fam. 3, 1, 2; 9, 11, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 52 et saep.— Comp. celerius, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 24, § 60; Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 3; Nep. Cim. 3, 2 al.— Sup. celerrime, Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45; Caes. B. G. 1, 37 al.

Cĕler, ĕris, m., a Roman cognomen in the gens Caecilia, Domitia, Egnatia, etc., Cic. Brut. 89, 305; id. Att. 10, 1, 4; Sall. C. 30, 5 al.

Cĕler, v. Celeres.

cĕler, ĕris, e ( masc. cĕleris, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 760 P.; fem. celer, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. l. l.; cf. acer; sup. celerissimus, Enn. and Manlius ap. Prisc. l. l.) [cello; cf. Doed. Syn. 2, pp. 123 and 93, urging, pressing forward; cf. also 1. cello], swift, fleet, quick, speedy (with the access. idea of energy, struggling, and even power; v. Doed. above cited; syn.: expeditus, promptus, velox, citatus; opp. tardus, segnis, lentus).

Of corporeal objects:

face te propere celerem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 1:

hasta, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. l. l.: sagitta,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 9; Ov. M. 5, 367: configebat tardus celeres (sc. aves), Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 32:

pennae,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 53:

Mercurius,

id. ib. 2, 7, 13:

Cynthia,

id. ib. 3, 28, 12:

Diana,

Ov. M. 4, 304:

deae,

id. ib. 2, 119:

rivi,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 14:

curriculum,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 13:

flamma,

Lucr. 2, 192; cf. id. 5, 302:

ignis,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 76:

motus,

Lucr. 4, 177; cf.:

celer atque instabilis motus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 5:

receptus,

id. B. C. 1, 59:

lapsus,

Lucr. 4, 324; Ov. M. 6, 216:

ictus,

Lucr. 3, 636:

impete,

id. 6, 334:

turbo,

Verg. A. 12, 855:

venti,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 10; 1, 15, 3; 1, 14, 5:

cerva,

Cat. 64, 341:

canis,

Tib. 4, 3, 14:

equus,

id. 1, 2, 70; 4, 1, 91:

lupi,

id. 2, 1, 20:

classis,

Cat. 64, 53:

ratis,

id. 63, 1:

navis,

id. 4, 2:

carina,

Ov. M. 9, 447:

lintres,

Prop. 1, 14, 3:

pedes,

id. 3 (4), 9, 18:

remedia,

quickly working, efficacious, Nep. Att. 21, 2.— Poet. with gen. gerund:

nandi,

Sil. 4, 587.—With inf.:

excipere aprum,

Hor. C. 3, 12, 11; so id. ib. 4, 6, 39; id. Ep. 1, 20, 25.— Poet., celer for celeriter, Ov. M. 2, 119; 2, 838; 9, 765.—

Of mental and abstract objects:

oderunt Sedatum celeres,

lively, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 90; cf. Vell. 2, 73:

mens, quā nihil est celerius,

Cic. Or. 59, 200; cf. Lucr. 3, 183:

oratio celeris et concitata,

rapid, hurried, Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 138; 9. 4, 83; 9, 4, 111;

9, 4, 135: consilium,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 1.—

Implying reproach, rash, hasty, precipitate:

consilia,

Liv. 9, 32, 3; so id. 22, 38, 13; cf. id. 2, 51, 7;

and so iambi (of the fire of youth),

rash, hasty, Hor. C. 1, 16, 24:

victoria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 3:

desperatio rerum,

Liv. 21, 1, 5:

ratione,

Lucr. 4, 144; 4, 255; 4, 775:

fata celerrima,

Verg. A. 12, 507:

mors,

Tib. 4, 1, 205.— Adv., quickly, speedily (syn.: velociter, cito, continuo, confestim, festinanter).

cĕlĕrĕ, Enn. et Nov. ap. Non. p. 510, 9 sq.; Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 4.—

cĕlĕrĭter, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 2; Cic. Att. 15, 27, 1; id. Fam. 3, 1, 2; 9, 11, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 52 et saep.— Comp. celerius, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 24, § 60; Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 3; Nep. Cim. 3, 2 al.— Sup. celerrime, Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45; Caes. B. G. 1, 37 al.

Cĕler, ĕris, m., a Roman cognomen in the gens Caecilia, Domitia, Egnatia, etc., Cic. Brut. 89, 305; id. Att. 10, 1, 4; Sall. C. 30, 5 al.

Cĕler, v. Celeres.