-
1 cōdex
cōdex icis, m (for caudex), a block: Codice misso, O.—A log for punishing slaves, stocks: inmundus, Pr.: residens in codice, Iu. — A block sawn into tablets, book, writing, manuscript, document (in leaves; cf. volumen, a roll): multos codices implevit: falsus.—Esp., an account-book: accepti et expensi, a ledger: in codicis extremā cerā, the last tablet: referre in codicem.* * *trunk of tree; piece/block of wood; blockhead; (bound) book; note/account book -
2 codex
cōdex, ĭcis, v. caudex. -
3 Codex Juris Canonici
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4 Caudex
1. I. (α).Caudex, Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 121; 12, 15, 34, § 67; Verg. G. 2, 30 et saep.—(β).Codex, Ov. M. 12, 432; Col. 4, 8, 2; 5, 6, 21.— Hence,B.The block of wood to which one was bound for punishment:C. II.codex,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 39; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 44; Juv. 2, 57. —Inpartic.A.A block of wood split or sawn into planks, leaves or tablets and fastened together:B.quia plurium tabularum contextus caudex apud antiquos vocatur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4: quod antiqui pluris tabulas conjunctas codices dicebant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 535, 20.—Hence,(Since the ancients orig. wrote upon tablets of wood smeared with wax.) A book, a writing (its leaves were not, like the volumina, rolled within one another, but, like those of our books, lay over one another; cf. Dict. of Antiq.).(α).Caudex, Cato ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Ant. 1, 2.—(β).Codex, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 119; id. Clu. 33, 91; Quint. 10, 3, 28; Dig. 32, 1, 52 al.—C.Esp. of an accountbook and particularly of a ledger (while adversaria signifies the waste-book; hence only the former was of any validity in law): non habere se hoc nomen ( this item) in codice accepti et expensi relatum confitetur:D.sed in adversariis patere contendit, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5; v. the passage in connection; cf. id. ib. 3, 9: in codicis extremā cerā (i. e. upon the last tablet), id. Verr. 2, 1, 36. §92: referre in codicem,
id. Sull. 15, 44.—A code of laws: Codex Theodosianus, Justinianus, etc.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. s. v.2.Caudex, cis, m., a Roman cognomen: App. Claudius Caudex, consul A. U. C. 490, B. C. 264, Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4; Aur. Vict. 37. -
5 caudex
1. I. (α).Caudex, Plin. 16, 30, 53, § 121; 12, 15, 34, § 67; Verg. G. 2, 30 et saep.—(β).Codex, Ov. M. 12, 432; Col. 4, 8, 2; 5, 6, 21.— Hence,B.The block of wood to which one was bound for punishment:C. II.codex,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 39; Prop. 4 (5), 7, 44; Juv. 2, 57. —Inpartic.A.A block of wood split or sawn into planks, leaves or tablets and fastened together:B.quia plurium tabularum contextus caudex apud antiquos vocatur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4: quod antiqui pluris tabulas conjunctas codices dicebant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 535, 20.—Hence,(Since the ancients orig. wrote upon tablets of wood smeared with wax.) A book, a writing (its leaves were not, like the volumina, rolled within one another, but, like those of our books, lay over one another; cf. Dict. of Antiq.).(α).Caudex, Cato ap. Front. Ep. ad M. Ant. 1, 2.—(β).Codex, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 119; id. Clu. 33, 91; Quint. 10, 3, 28; Dig. 32, 1, 52 al.—C.Esp. of an accountbook and particularly of a ledger (while adversaria signifies the waste-book; hence only the former was of any validity in law): non habere se hoc nomen ( this item) in codice accepti et expensi relatum confitetur:D.sed in adversariis patere contendit, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5; v. the passage in connection; cf. id. ib. 3, 9: in codicis extremā cerā (i. e. upon the last tablet), id. Verr. 2, 1, 36. §92: referre in codicem,
id. Sull. 15, 44.—A code of laws: Codex Theodosianus, Justinianus, etc.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. s. v.2.Caudex, cis, m., a Roman cognomen: App. Claudius Caudex, consul A. U. C. 490, B. C. 264, Sen. Brev. Vit. 13, 4; Aur. Vict. 37. -
6 cauda
cauda (also cōda, like codex, plostrum, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 86, 19; id. R. R. 2, 7, 5; Petr. 44, 12; Fest. p. 178, 29; Paul. ex Fest. p. 38, 17 Müll.) [etym. dub.; cf. codex], ae, f., the tail of animals, Lucr. 2, 806; 3, 658; Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 222; id. Fin. 3, 5, 18; Plin. 11, 50, 111, § 264; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 3; 2, 5, 8.—2.Prov.a.Caudam jactare popello, to flatter, fawn upon (the figure taken from dogs), Pers. 4, 15.—b.Caudam trahere, to have a tail stuck on in mockery, to be made a fool of, Hor. S. 2, 3, 53; Vell. 2, 83, 3; cf.:* 3. II.vitium bono viro quasi caudam turpissimam apponere,
Lact. 6, 18, 16. —Transf.:III.membrum virile,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 45; 2, 7, 49.—Trop., of the addition to the name Verres, making it Verrucius:videtis extremam partem nominis, codam illam Verrinam tamquam in luto demersam in liturā,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191. -
7 acceptum
acceptum ī, n [accipio], the receipt, in account-books the credit side: alqd in acceptum referre (alicui), to carry to the credit side, pass to one's credit: codex accepti et expensi, ledger: tabulae accepti et expensi: ex acceptis et datis apparere, from the receipts and payments.* * *receipts (vs. expenditures); favors; receipt side of account; written receipt -
8 cauda
cauda or (low) cōda [cf. caudex, codex], ae, f a tail: leonis: pavonis: Delphinum caudae, V.: picta (of a peacock), H.: tenuissima, the smallest part, O.—Prov.: caudam trahere, i. e. to be mocked, H.: coda illa Verrina. — The privy member, H.* * *tail (animal); extreme part/tail of anything; penis; train/edge/trail (garment) -
9 caudex
caudex icis, m [cf. cauda], a trunk of a tree, stock, stem: caudicibus sectis (in grafting), V.— Meton., a blockhead, T.; see also codex.* * *trunk of tree; piece/hunk of wood; blockhead; (bound) book; note/account book -
10 cōdicillī
cōdicillī ōrum, m dim. [codex], a writingtablet, note-book: sententias in codicillos referre. —A note, billet, C.: codicillos ferre cum praecepto, Ta.— A petition, Ta. — An imperial rescript, patent, Ta.—A will, testament, Ta. -
11 expēnsum
expēnsum ī [P. n. of expensus], money paid, a payment: codex accepti et expensi, receipts and disbursements: tabulae accepti et expensi.* * *expenditure, money paid out; expenses (Bee) -
12 A
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah. -
13 a
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah. -
14 chirographon
chīrŏgrăphum, i, n. (access. form * chīrŏgrăphus, i, m., sc. libellus or codex, Fulvius ap. Quint. 6, 3, 100 Spald., together with chirographum, Quint. ib. 5, 13, 8; and chīrŏgrăphon, i, n., Sid. Carm. 16, 56), = cheirographon.I.One ' s own handwriting, autograph; pure Lat. manus (in good prose;II.freq. in Cic.): extrema pagella pupugit me tuo chirographo,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; Planc. ib. 10, 21, 3; Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16; 2, 4, 8:neque utar meo chirographo neque signo,
id. Att. 2, 20, 5:imitari,
id. N. D. 3, 30, 74 al. —Meton (abstr. pro concr.), that which is written with one ' s own hand: credidi chirographis ejus ( assurances in his own handwriting), Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 1;B.so,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; id. Brut. 80, 277; id. Fam. 12, 1, 2; id. Phil. 1, 7, 16; Quint. 9, 2, 73; Suet. Aug. 87; id. Tib. 6; id. Calig. 24.—In the lang. of business, t. t., a bond, surety, or obligation under one ' s own hand (diff. from syngrapha, q. v.; not found with this meaning in Cic.), Gai Inst. 3, 134; Dig. 20, 1, 26; 49, 14, 3; Suet. Caes. 17; id. Calig. 12; id. Dom. 1; Gell. 14, 2, 7. -
15 chirographum
chīrŏgrăphum, i, n. (access. form * chīrŏgrăphus, i, m., sc. libellus or codex, Fulvius ap. Quint. 6, 3, 100 Spald., together with chirographum, Quint. ib. 5, 13, 8; and chīrŏgrăphon, i, n., Sid. Carm. 16, 56), = cheirographon.I.One ' s own handwriting, autograph; pure Lat. manus (in good prose;II.freq. in Cic.): extrema pagella pupugit me tuo chirographo,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; Planc. ib. 10, 21, 3; Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16; 2, 4, 8:neque utar meo chirographo neque signo,
id. Att. 2, 20, 5:imitari,
id. N. D. 3, 30, 74 al. —Meton (abstr. pro concr.), that which is written with one ' s own hand: credidi chirographis ejus ( assurances in his own handwriting), Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 1;B.so,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; id. Brut. 80, 277; id. Fam. 12, 1, 2; id. Phil. 1, 7, 16; Quint. 9, 2, 73; Suet. Aug. 87; id. Tib. 6; id. Calig. 24.—In the lang. of business, t. t., a bond, surety, or obligation under one ' s own hand (diff. from syngrapha, q. v.; not found with this meaning in Cic.), Gai Inst. 3, 134; Dig. 20, 1, 26; 49, 14, 3; Suet. Caes. 17; id. Calig. 12; id. Dom. 1; Gell. 14, 2, 7. -
16 chirographus
chīrŏgrăphum, i, n. (access. form * chīrŏgrăphus, i, m., sc. libellus or codex, Fulvius ap. Quint. 6, 3, 100 Spald., together with chirographum, Quint. ib. 5, 13, 8; and chīrŏgrăphon, i, n., Sid. Carm. 16, 56), = cheirographon.I.One ' s own handwriting, autograph; pure Lat. manus (in good prose;II.freq. in Cic.): extrema pagella pupugit me tuo chirographo,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; Planc. ib. 10, 21, 3; Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16; 2, 4, 8:neque utar meo chirographo neque signo,
id. Att. 2, 20, 5:imitari,
id. N. D. 3, 30, 74 al. —Meton (abstr. pro concr.), that which is written with one ' s own hand: credidi chirographis ejus ( assurances in his own handwriting), Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 1;B.so,
Cic. Fam. 2, 13, 3; id. Brut. 80, 277; id. Fam. 12, 1, 2; id. Phil. 1, 7, 16; Quint. 9, 2, 73; Suet. Aug. 87; id. Tib. 6; id. Calig. 24.—In the lang. of business, t. t., a bond, surety, or obligation under one ' s own hand (diff. from syngrapha, q. v.; not found with this meaning in Cic.), Gai Inst. 3, 134; Dig. 20, 1, 26; 49, 14, 3; Suet. Caes. 17; id. Calig. 12; id. Dom. 1; Gell. 14, 2, 7. -
17 claudico
claudĭco ( clōdĭco, Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249, like Claudius and Clodius, codex and caudex, etc., v. au), āre, v. n. [claudeo; like albico, candico from albeo, candeo], to limp, halt, be lame (class.).I.Prop.:B.Carvilio graviter claudicanti ex vulnere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249; Ov. F. 3, 758; Col. 6, 12, 3; Suet. Aug. 80; Just. 6, 2, 6.—In Lucretius, meton., of other irregular or unbalanced motions, to waver, wabble, halt; of the lame wings of birds, Lucr. 6, 834;II.of the wavering of balances or scales,
id. 4, 515; and of the earth's axis, id: 6, 1107.—Trop., to halt, waver, to be wanting, incomplete or defective:claudicat ingenium,
Lucr. 3, 453:tota res vacillat et claudicat, Cic. N. D, 1, 38, 107: vereri ne tota amicitia quasi claudicare videatur,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 69; so id. Brut. 63, 227; Liv. 22, 39, 3 (al. leg. claudo); Col. 4, 2, 1; Just. 6, 2, 5 and 6:ut constare possimus nobismet ipsis nec in ullo officio claudicare,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119; cf.:in comoediā, claudicamus,
Quint. 10, 1, 99.—So of discourse:ne sermo in aequalitate horum omnium sicut pedum claudicet,
Quint. 11, 3, 43:si quid in nostrā oratione claudicat,
Cic. de Or. 3, 51, 198.—And once of the measure of a verse: claudicat hic versus;haec, inquit, syllaba nutat,
Claud. Epigr. 79, 3. -
18 Claudius
Claudĭus ( Clōdĭus, like claudo and clodo, codex and caudex, plostrum and plaustrum, [p. 351] etc.), Claudĭa, Clōdĭa, the name of two very celebrated Roman gentes (one patrician, the other plebeian; cf. Suet. Tib. 1 and 2; Verg. A. 7, 708; Liv. 2, 16, 4).A.Claudius; so,1.App. Claudius Caecus (v. Appius).—2.The historian Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, a contemporary of Sulla and Sisenna, Vell. 2, 9, 6; Gell. 1, 7, 9.—Called simply Claudius, Liv. 8, 19, 13; 9, 5, 2.—3.The emperor Claudius;4. B.in full, Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus,
Suet. Claud. 1 sqq.; Tac. A. 11, 1 sqq.—Clodius. Thus the restless tribune of the people, and enemy of Cicero, P. Clodius Pulcher, who was killed by Milo; v. Cic. Mil.—II.Hence,A.Claudĭus ( Clōd-), a, um, Claudian, Clodian: Via Claudia (Clodia), a branch of the Via Cassia, Ov. P. 1, 8, 44; Front. Aquaed. 11.—Aqua Claudia, an aqueduct begun by the emperor Caligula, and finished by the emperor Claudius, Front. Aquaed. 13 sq.; Suet. Claud. 20 Bremi.—Tribus Claudia, beyond the Anio, named after the progenitor of the gens Claudia, Liv. 2, 16, 5; Verg. A. 7, 708; cf.B.Serv. in h. l.—Leges Clodiae,
proceeding from the tribune of the people, Clodius, Cic. Sest. 25 and 26; cf. Orell. Ind. Leg. s. h. v.—Claudĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to a Claudius (esp. to the emperor of this name):C.castra,
of App. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 23, 31, 3: tonitrua, named after the same, Paul. ex Fest. p. 57, 10 Müll.:tempora,
of the emperor Claudius, Tac. A. 14, 11; id. H. 5, 12:cometa,
visible in his time, Sen. Q. N. 7, 21 and 29.—Clōdĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Clodius, the enemy of Cicero:crimen,
his murder, Cic. Mil. 27, 72:incendia,
caused by him, id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2:operae,
id. ib. 2, 3, 2. -
19 Clod
Claudĭus ( Clōdĭus, like claudo and clodo, codex and caudex, plostrum and plaustrum, [p. 351] etc.), Claudĭa, Clōdĭa, the name of two very celebrated Roman gentes (one patrician, the other plebeian; cf. Suet. Tib. 1 and 2; Verg. A. 7, 708; Liv. 2, 16, 4).A.Claudius; so,1.App. Claudius Caecus (v. Appius).—2.The historian Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, a contemporary of Sulla and Sisenna, Vell. 2, 9, 6; Gell. 1, 7, 9.—Called simply Claudius, Liv. 8, 19, 13; 9, 5, 2.—3.The emperor Claudius;4. B.in full, Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus,
Suet. Claud. 1 sqq.; Tac. A. 11, 1 sqq.—Clodius. Thus the restless tribune of the people, and enemy of Cicero, P. Clodius Pulcher, who was killed by Milo; v. Cic. Mil.—II.Hence,A.Claudĭus ( Clōd-), a, um, Claudian, Clodian: Via Claudia (Clodia), a branch of the Via Cassia, Ov. P. 1, 8, 44; Front. Aquaed. 11.—Aqua Claudia, an aqueduct begun by the emperor Caligula, and finished by the emperor Claudius, Front. Aquaed. 13 sq.; Suet. Claud. 20 Bremi.—Tribus Claudia, beyond the Anio, named after the progenitor of the gens Claudia, Liv. 2, 16, 5; Verg. A. 7, 708; cf.B.Serv. in h. l.—Leges Clodiae,
proceeding from the tribune of the people, Clodius, Cic. Sest. 25 and 26; cf. Orell. Ind. Leg. s. h. v.—Claudĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to a Claudius (esp. to the emperor of this name):C.castra,
of App. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 23, 31, 3: tonitrua, named after the same, Paul. ex Fest. p. 57, 10 Müll.:tempora,
of the emperor Claudius, Tac. A. 14, 11; id. H. 5, 12:cometa,
visible in his time, Sen. Q. N. 7, 21 and 29.—Clōdĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Clodius, the enemy of Cicero:crimen,
his murder, Cic. Mil. 27, 72:incendia,
caused by him, id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2:operae,
id. ib. 2, 3, 2. -
20 codicilli
cōdĭcilli, ōrum (sing. post-class. and rare in the meaning II. B. 2. infra, Cod. Just. 1, 5, 4, § 5; Cod. Th. 8, 18, 7; 16, 5, 40; Dig. 29, 7, 19; cf. ib. 50, 16, 148), m. dim. [codex = caudex].I.Wood cut and split for burning, only in Cato, R. R. 37, 5; 130. —II.(Acc. to caudex, III., a writing-tablet; hence) A writing, letter, esp. a short writing, note, billet, a petition, etc.; cf. Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 89, and 33, 1, 4, § 12.A.In gen., Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 28; id. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 9, 26, 1; id. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 1; id. Att. 4, 8, 2: cum codicillis venit puer, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; Suet. Tib. 51; id. Claud. 5; id. Oth. 10; id. Gram. 14; Sen. Ep. 55, 10; Tac. A. 4, 39; 6, 9; Suet. Ner. 49; Sen. Clem. 15 al. —B.Specif., in the time of the empire,1.A writing of the emperor conferring some privilege, a diploma, a cabinet order, Suet. Tib. 22, 42; id. Calig. 18; 54; id. Claud. 29; Cod. Th. 6, 4, 23.—2.A brief testamentary order, usu. as an addition or appendix to a will, a codicil, Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 1; Tac. A. 15, 64 fin.; cf. Dig. 29, tit. 7: de jure codicillorum.
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Codex — • The name given to a manuscript in leaf form, distinguishing it from a roll Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Codex Codex † … Catholic encyclopedia
codex — CÓDEX s.n. v. codice. Trimis de hai, 22.06.2004. Sursa: DEX 98 códex s. n., pl. códexuri Trimis de siveco, 10.08.2004. Sursa: Dicţionar ortografic CÓDEX codexuri n. înv … Dicționar Român
Codex — (röm. Ant.), 1) Baumstamm; 2) Klotz, welchen Sklaven, daran geschmiedet, nach sich schleppten, um am Fliehen gehindert zu werden; 3) aus einem Stamm ausgehöhlter Kahn; 4) Handschrift, Buch, Gesetzbuch; daher 5) ein Buch, namentlich ein aus… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
codex — manuscript volume (especially an ancient one), 1845, from L. codex (see CODE (Cf. code)) … Etymology dictionary
Codex — Co dex, n.; pl. {Codices}. [L. See {Code}.] 1. A book; a manuscript. [1913 Webster] 2. A collection or digest of laws; a code. Burrill. [1913 Webster] 3. An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures, or any part of them, particularly the New… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Codex — (lat.), s. Kodex … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Codex — (lat., Mehrzahl Codĭces), die zu einem Buch verbundenen Schreibwachstafeln der Römer; nach der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst s.v.w. alte Handschrift (C. manuscriptus), z.B. C. argentĕus, die mit silbernen Buchstaben geschriebene, zu Upsala… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Codex [1] — Codex, lat., Baumstamm, ferner hölzerne Tafel, auf welche eine Schrift eingegraben wurde, sodann hölzerne Tafel mit Wachs überzogen zum Beschreiben mittelst des Griffels; endlich Buch, besonders großes … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
