religiōsus

rĕlĭgĭōsus (in the poets also rellig-), a, um, adj. [religio], reverencing or fearing God ( the gods), pious, devout, religious:

qui omnia quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 (cf. religio init.):

religiosi dicuntur, qui faciendarum praetermittendarumque rerum divinarum secundum morem civitatis delectum habent, nec se superstitionibus implicant,

Fest. p. 289, 15 Müll.:

naturā sancti et religiosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

asotos ita non religiosos ut edant de patellā,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

si magis religiosa fuerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 37:

nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

mortuis religiosa jura tribuere,

religious rites, Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

mores justi, integri, religiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184: amicitiae religiosā quādam necessitudine imbutae, quint. 1, 2, 20: hominem occidere religiosissimum erat, was a thing exceedingly pious or pleasing to the gods, Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13; cf.:

aliqui nomine quoque consalutare religiosius putant, etc.,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 23:

Judaei, viri religiosi,

Vulg. Act. 2, 5.—

Eccl. Lat., of or belonging to the clergy, clerical (opp. saecularis), Salv. Avar. 3, 5.—

Transf. (acc. to religio, II.).

Subject., religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous:

civitas religiosa, in principiis maxime novorum bellorum... ne quid praetermitteretur, quod aliquando factum esset. ludos Jovi donumque vovere consulem jussit,

Liv. 31, 9:

per hos quoque dies abstinent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae,

Col. 11, 2, 98; 11, 3, 62:

quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere,

was a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 2, 5; 3, 22; 5, 52; 6, 27; cf.:

religiosum est, quod jurati legibus judicarunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48.—

Overscrupulous, over-anxious, superstitious (rare and only ante-class.): religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1:

ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior? Cato ap. Fest. s. v. repulsior, p. 236: ut stultae et miserae sumus Religiosae,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37.—

In gen., scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate, conscientious:

religiosus est non modo deorum sanctitatem magni aestimans, sed etiam officiosus adversus homines,

Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

quod et in re misericordem se praebuerit et in testimoniis religiosum,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 26:

testis religiosissimus,

id. Vatin. 1, 1:

natio minime in testimoniis dicendis religiosa,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 9:

quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44:

ad Atticorum aures teretes et religiosas qui se accommodant,

id. Or. 9, 27:

ephorus vero non est religiosissimae fidei,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 2:

religiosissimis verbis jurare,

Petr. 21. —

Of the objects of religious veneration (temples, statues, utensils, etc.), holy, sacred:

templum sane sanctum et religiosum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 65:

signum sacrum ac religiosum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127;

and so with sacer,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

dies,

Suet. Tib. 61:

ex Aesculapi religiosissimo fano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

Ceres antiquissima, religiosissima,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49, § 109; cf.:

religiosissimum simulacrum Jovis Imperatoris,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: altaria,

id. Planc. 35, 68:

deorum limina,

Verg. A. 2, 365:

loca,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

sacra religiosissima,

Vell. 2, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 7:

vestes,

id. Tib. 36; id. Oth. 12:

simulacra,

Sedul. 1, 227:

divini juris sunt veluti res sacrae et religiosae... (sunt res) religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3 sq. —

Esp.: dies religiosus, a day upon which it was unlucky to undertake any thing important, a day of evil omen, e. g. the dies Alliensis, the dies atri, etc., Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. 379, 19; Liv. 6, 1; 26, 17; 37, 33; Suet. Tib. 61; id. Claud. 14 al.; cf. Gell. 4, 9, 4; and Fest. s. h. v. p. 231.—

Solum religiosum, land consecrated by the burial of the dead, Gai. Inst. 2, 6 sq.—Hence, adv.: rē̆lĭgĭōsē.

Piously, religiously:

religiosius deos colere,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

templum religiosissime colere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

natalem religiosius celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 8.—

Considerately, scrupulously, punctually, exactly, conscientiously:

testimonium dicere,

Cic. Cael. 22, 55; cf. Plin. Pan. 65, 2:

commendare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17 fin.:

nihil religiose administrabat,

Col. 3, 10, 7; cf. id. 8, 5, 11:

quicquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat,

considerately, cautiously, Nep. Att. 15:

religiosius rem rusticam colere,

Col. 11, 2, 95:

poëticen religiosissime veneror,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 2.

* * *

rĕlĭgĭōsus (in the poets also rellig-), a, um, adj. [religio], reverencing or fearing God ( the gods), pious, devout, religious:

qui omnia quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 (cf. religio init.):

religiosi dicuntur, qui faciendarum praetermittendarumque rerum divinarum secundum morem civitatis delectum habent, nec se superstitionibus implicant,

Fest. p. 289, 15 Müll.:

naturā sancti et religiosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

asotos ita non religiosos ut edant de patellā,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

si magis religiosa fuerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 37:

nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

mortuis religiosa jura tribuere,

religious rites, Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

mores justi, integri, religiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184: amicitiae religiosā quādam necessitudine imbutae, quint. 1, 2, 20: hominem occidere religiosissimum erat, was a thing exceedingly pious or pleasing to the gods, Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13; cf.:

aliqui nomine quoque consalutare religiosius putant, etc.,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 23:

Judaei, viri religiosi,

Vulg. Act. 2, 5.—

Eccl. Lat., of or belonging to the clergy, clerical (opp. saecularis), Salv. Avar. 3, 5.—

Transf. (acc. to religio, II.).

Subject., religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous:

civitas religiosa, in principiis maxime novorum bellorum... ne quid praetermitteretur, quod aliquando factum esset. ludos Jovi donumque vovere consulem jussit,

Liv. 31, 9:

per hos quoque dies abstinent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae,

Col. 11, 2, 98; 11, 3, 62:

quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere,

was a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 2, 5; 3, 22; 5, 52; 6, 27; cf.:

religiosum est, quod jurati legibus judicarunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48.—

Overscrupulous, over-anxious, superstitious (rare and only ante-class.): religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1:

ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior? Cato ap. Fest. s. v. repulsior, p. 236: ut stultae et miserae sumus Religiosae,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37.—

In gen., scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate, conscientious:

religiosus est non modo deorum sanctitatem magni aestimans, sed etiam officiosus adversus homines,

Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

quod et in re misericordem se praebuerit et in testimoniis religiosum,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 26:

testis religiosissimus,

id. Vatin. 1, 1:

natio minime in testimoniis dicendis religiosa,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 9:

quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44:

ad Atticorum aures teretes et religiosas qui se accommodant,

id. Or. 9, 27:

ephorus vero non est religiosissimae fidei,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 2:

religiosissimis verbis jurare,

Petr. 21. —

Of the objects of religious veneration (temples, statues, utensils, etc.), holy, sacred:

templum sane sanctum et religiosum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 65:

signum sacrum ac religiosum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127;

and so with sacer,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

dies,

Suet. Tib. 61:

ex Aesculapi religiosissimo fano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

Ceres antiquissima, religiosissima,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49, § 109; cf.:

religiosissimum simulacrum Jovis Imperatoris,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: altaria,

id. Planc. 35, 68:

deorum limina,

Verg. A. 2, 365:

loca,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

sacra religiosissima,

Vell. 2, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 7:

vestes,

id. Tib. 36; id. Oth. 12:

simulacra,

Sedul. 1, 227:

divini juris sunt veluti res sacrae et religiosae... (sunt res) religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3 sq. —

Esp.: dies religiosus, a day upon which it was unlucky to undertake any thing important, a day of evil omen, e. g. the dies Alliensis, the dies atri, etc., Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. 379, 19; Liv. 6, 1; 26, 17; 37, 33; Suet. Tib. 61; id. Claud. 14 al.; cf. Gell. 4, 9, 4; and Fest. s. h. v. p. 231.—

Solum religiosum, land consecrated by the burial of the dead, Gai. Inst. 2, 6 sq.—Hence, adv.: rē̆lĭgĭōsē.

Piously, religiously:

religiosius deos colere,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

templum religiosissime colere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

natalem religiosius celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 8.—

Considerately, scrupulously, punctually, exactly, conscientiously:

testimonium dicere,

Cic. Cael. 22, 55; cf. Plin. Pan. 65, 2:

commendare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17 fin.:

nihil religiose administrabat,

Col. 3, 10, 7; cf. id. 8, 5, 11:

quicquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat,

considerately, cautiously, Nep. Att. 15:

religiosius rem rusticam colere,

Col. 11, 2, 95:

poëticen religiosissime veneror,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 2.

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

sacres porci,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

Macr. S. 3, 7:

sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

In gen.

Absol.:

quicquam (opp. profanum),

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

locus sacer et profanus,

id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

miscebis sacra profanis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

(legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

Ov. H. 9, 159:

aedes,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

lucus late sacer,

Verg. A. 5, 761:

arvum Martis,

Ov. M. 7, 101:

ara,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

aurum,

Liv. 5, 50; cf.

pecunia (opp. privata),

Quint. 4, 2, 8:

arma,

Liv. 24, 21:

tus,

Ov. M. 14, 130:

sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

Cat. 68, 75:

ales (so called from its use in augury),

Verg. A. 11, 721:

luces (with profestae),

Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

dies (with religiosus),

Suet. Tib. 61:

tempus,

Hor. C. S. 4:

commissum,

a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

laurus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

robur,

Ov. M. 8, 752:

aqua,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

fontes,

Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

focus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

Tarentum,

id. C. 1, 28, 29:

fines,

Sil. 3, 501; cf.

montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

id. 4, 70;

vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

Hor. A. P. 391;

and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

Cybebe,

id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

sacer lapis,

a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—

With gen. (class.):

ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

urna Veneris,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

urna Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

Dianae celebris dies,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

sepulcrum Batti veteris,

Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—

With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

Ov. M. 7, 623:

esculus Jovi sacra,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

Nymphis cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 109:

Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

Verg. A. 6, 484:

pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

Tac. A. 15, 53:

cupressus Diti sacra,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

aesculus Jovi,

id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—

Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

silentium,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

laedere amantes,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

lingua (Ciceronis),

Mart. 5, 69, 7:

Maro,

id. 8. 56, 3:

quaedam patris memoria,

Quint. 11, 1, 59:

O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

Luc. 9, 983:

heu sacri vatum errores,

Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

auris Caesaris,

Mart. 7, 99, 4:

sacri lateris custos,

id. 6, 76, 1:

apud aures sacras mentitus est,

Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

se Imperatori mentitum,

id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.

In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.

With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 7.—

Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

Liv. 3, 55.—

Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of persons:

ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

homo sacerrimus,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —

Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

Cat. 14, 12:

hircus alarum,

id. 71, 1:

auri fames,

Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

aurum fame,

Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

venenum (Medeae),

Val. Fl. 7, 165:

nox,

id. 8, 25:

arma metu,

id. 4, 185; cf.

pavor,

id. 1, 798:

insania,

Stat. Th. 10, 804:

morbus,

i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).

Lit.

Sing.:

sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

metuens velut contingere sacrum,

id. S. 2, 3, 110:

apud Cluacinae sacrum,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

Minervae,

Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrum Herculi facere,

Liv. 1, 7:

facere Junoni,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

facto per Magos sacro,

Suet. Ner. 34:

sollemne sacrum conficere,

Flor. 1, 13, 16:

ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

Quint. 1, 5, 67:

arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

Liv. 41, 12:

sacrum piaculare fieri,

id. 29, 19:

sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

id. ib. 14, 80:

nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

in sacro est,

id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—

Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

Ov. M. 2, 713:

Troïa,

Tib. 2, 5, 40:

velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

of the same,

Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

cumque suis penetralia sacris,

i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

jactata aequoribus sacra,

Hor. C.4,4,54:

pueri Sacra canunt,

sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

Sall. C. 22, 2:

qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

(Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

sacra Jovi facturus erat,

Ov. M. 3, 26:

sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

Verg. A. 4, 638:

ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

Liv. 1, 20:

densi circumstant sacra ministri,

Ov. M. 2, 717:

arcana sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

fera,

id. ib. 13, 454:

nefanda,

id. ib. 10, 228:

mystica,

id. H. 2, 42:

horrida,

Sil. 3, 140:

veneranda,

id. 7, 382:

casta,

Stat. Achill. 1, 370.

Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

sacra Cereris conficere,

id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

Cereris,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

Eleusina,

Suet. Claud. 23:

Junonis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

Orphica,

rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

Bacchia,

Ov. M. 3, 518:

trieterica Bacchi,

id. ib. 6, 587:

Dianae,

id. ib. 7, 94;

15, 489: Isidis,

Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—

The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

sacra privata perpetua manento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

Liv. 5, 52:

ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

Liv. 4,2:

sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

sacrorum alienatio,

id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

sacrum familiare,

Macr. S. 1, 16:

nuptialia,

marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

called also jugalia,

Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—

Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

vatum,

Pers. prol. 7:

Maronis,

Mart. 7, 63, 5. —

Prov.

Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

inter sacrum et saxum positus,

App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —

Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—

Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

Ov. M. 7, 709:

peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

id. 5, 13, 60):

litterarum colere,

id. 10, 1, 92:

studiorum profanare,

Tac. Or. 11.

* * *

* * *

āter, tra, trum, adj. [cf. aithô, to burn; Sanscr. idh; aithôn aithêr, Aitnê, [p. 188] Aetna, aether, aestus, aestas] (pr. burnt black, black as a coal; cf.:

Tam excoctam reddam atque atram quam carbost,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 63: hence), black; and specif., coalblack, lustreless-black, sable, dark (opp. albus, lustreless-white, and diff. from niger, glossy black, v. albus init.; class. and freq., but never in Vulg., which uses niger).

Lit.:

album an atrum vinum potas?

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 17:

atrior multo Quam Aegyptii,

id. Poen. 5, 5, 11:

alba et atra discernere non poterat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: nigra scuta, tincta corpora;

atras ad proelia noctes legunt,

Tac. G. 43:

Mos erat antiquus niveis atrisque capillis, etc.,

Ov. M. 15, 41; so id. ib. 15, 44; cf.

albus: fauces,

Lucr. 6, 1147:

dens,

Hor. Epod. 8, 3:

nubes,

Lucr. 6, 180; Hor. C. 2, 16, 2:

lumen, with smoke,

Verg. A. 7, 457:

agmen, with dust,

id. ib. 12, 450 Serv.:

axis, with blood,

Sil. 2, 186:

Eridanus ater stragibus,

id. 6, 107:

bilis,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 64, and Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11 (cf. the Gr. melancholia):

cruor,

Hor. Epod. 17, 31:

tempestas,

Lucr. 6, 258 sq.; Verg. A. 5, 693:

hiemps,

id. ib. 7, 214:

canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25:

corvus atro gutture,

Cat. 108, 5:

venena,

Verg. G. 2, 130:

Tartara,

Lucr. 3, 966; so,

Cocytus,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 17:

mare,

dark, stormy, id. S. 2, 2, 16:

fluctus,

Verg. A. 5, 2: mons, v. 2. ater.— The proverb albus an ater, v. albus.— Poet., = atratus, clothed in black:

lictores,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 6; cf. albus, I. B. 2.—

Trop.

In gen., black, dark, gloomy, sad, dismal, unfortunate, etc.:

funus,

Lucr. 2, 580:

formido,

id. 4 [173], and id. 6, 254; so,

Timor,

Verg. A. 9, 719:

cupressus,

id. ib. 3, 64:

dies,

id. ib. 6, 429; Prop. 3, 2, 4:

mors,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 13:

fila trium sororum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 16:

Esquiliae (as a burying-place),

dismal, id. S. 2, 6, 32:

seu mors atris circumvolat alis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 58:

cura,

id. C. 3, 1, 40; 3, 14, 13; 4, 11, 35:

lites,

id. A. P. 423:

comes,

id. S. 2, 7, 115:

serpens,

Verg. G. 1, 129; Ov. M. 3, 63 al.:

genius.. vultu mutabilis, albus et ater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 189.—In Roman civil life, dies atri are the days on which the state experienced some calamity, unlucky days. (This designation is said to have arisen from the Roman custom of marking every unfortunate day in the calendar with coal); Varr. L. L. 6, § 29; Liv. 6, 1; Gell. 5, 17; Fest. s. v. nonarum, p. 179 Müll.; id. s. v. religiosus, p. 278 Müll.; Ov. A. A. 1, 418; Macr. S. 1, 15 fin. and 16; Afran. ap. Non. p. 73, 33:

si atro die faxit insciens, probe factum esto,

Liv. 22, 10.—

Esp.

Rare and poet., of mind or feeling, malevolent, malicious, virulent (cf. niger, II. D., and the Gr. melas, II. 4 Lidd. and Scott):

versus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 30:

si quis atro dente me petiverit,

id. Epod. 6, 15.—

Also poet. of something difficult to be understood, dark, obscure (so melas, Anth. Pal. 11, 347):

latebrae Lycophronis atri,

Stat. p. 5, 3, 157.— Comp. v. supra, I.— Sup. and adv. not used.

Āter mons, a mountain in the interior of Africa, north of Phazania ( Fezzan), Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 35.<

āter, tra, trum, adj. [cf. aithô, to burn; Sanscr. idh; aithôn aithêr, Aitnê, [p. 188] Aetna, aether, aestus, aestas] (pr. burnt black, black as a coal; cf.:

Tam excoctam reddam atque atram quam carbost,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 63: hence), black; and specif., coalblack, lustreless-black, sable, dark (opp. albus, lustreless-white, and diff. from niger, glossy black, v. albus init.; class. and freq., but never in Vulg., which uses niger).

Lit.:

album an atrum vinum potas?

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 17:

atrior multo Quam Aegyptii,

id. Poen. 5, 5, 11:

alba et atra discernere non poterat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: nigra scuta, tincta corpora;

atras ad proelia noctes legunt,

Tac. G. 43:

Mos erat antiquus niveis atrisque capillis, etc.,

Ov. M. 15, 41; so id. ib. 15, 44; cf.

albus: fauces,

Lucr. 6, 1147:

dens,

Hor. Epod. 8, 3:

nubes,

Lucr. 6, 180; Hor. C. 2, 16, 2:

lumen, with smoke,

Verg. A. 7, 457:

agmen, with dust,

id. ib. 12, 450 Serv.:

axis, with blood,

Sil. 2, 186:

Eridanus ater stragibus,

id. 6, 107:

bilis,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 64, and Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11 (cf. the Gr. melancholia):

cruor,

Hor. Epod. 17, 31:

tempestas,

Lucr. 6, 258 sq.; Verg. A. 5, 693:

hiemps,

id. ib. 7, 214:

canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25:

corvus atro gutture,

Cat. 108, 5:

venena,

Verg. G. 2, 130:

Tartara,

Lucr. 3, 966; so,

Cocytus,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 17:

mare,

dark, stormy, id. S. 2, 2, 16:

fluctus,

Verg. A. 5, 2: mons, v. 2. ater.— The proverb albus an ater, v. albus.— Poet., = atratus, clothed in black:

lictores,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 6; cf. albus, I. B. 2.—

Trop.

In gen., black, dark, gloomy, sad, dismal, unfortunate, etc.:

funus,

Lucr. 2, 580:

formido,

id. 4 [173], and id. 6, 254; so,

Timor,

Verg. A. 9, 719:

cupressus,

id. ib. 3, 64:

dies,

id. ib. 6, 429; Prop. 3, 2, 4:

mors,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 13:

fila trium sororum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 16:

Esquiliae (as a burying-place),

dismal, id. S. 2, 6, 32:

seu mors atris circumvolat alis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 58:

cura,

id. C. 3, 1, 40; 3, 14, 13; 4, 11, 35:

lites,

id. A. P. 423:

comes,

id. S. 2, 7, 115:

serpens,

Verg. G. 1, 129; Ov. M. 3, 63 al.:

genius.. vultu mutabilis, albus et ater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 189.—In Roman civil life, dies atri are the days on which the state experienced some calamity, unlucky days. (This designation is said to have arisen from the Roman custom of marking every unfortunate day in the calendar with coal); Varr. L. L. 6, § 29; Liv. 6, 1; Gell. 5, 17; Fest. s. v. nonarum, p. 179 Müll.; id. s. v. religiosus, p. 278 Müll.; Ov. A. A. 1, 418; Macr. S. 1, 15 fin. and 16; Afran. ap. Non. p. 73, 33:

si atro die faxit insciens, probe factum esto,

Liv. 22, 10.—

Esp.

Rare and poet., of mind or feeling, malevolent, malicious, virulent (cf. niger, II. D., and the Gr. melas, II. 4 Lidd. and Scott):

versus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 30:

si quis atro dente me petiverit,

id. Epod. 6, 15.—

Also poet. of something difficult to be understood, dark, obscure (so melas, Anth. Pal. 11, 347):

latebrae Lycophronis atri,

Stat. p. 5, 3, 157.— Comp. v. supra, I.— Sup. and adv. not used.

Āter mons, a mountain in the interior of Africa, north of Phazania ( Fezzan), Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 35.<

fulgŭrĭo, īvi, ītum, 4, v. n. and a. [fulgur] (ante-class.).

Neutr., to hurl lightnings, to lighten: suo sonitu claro fulgurivit Juppiter, Naev. ap. Non. 110, 17 (Trag. Rel. v. 13 Rib.).—

Act., to strike with lightning; only in the part. perf. pass.:

fulguritum id quod est fulmine ictum: qui locus statim fieri putabatur religiosus, quod eum deus sibi dicasse videretur,

Fest. p. 92 Müll.; so as subst.: fulgŭrī-tum, i, n., that which has been struck by lightning, Arn. 5, 4; 5, 1: fulguritae arbores, Lucil. ap. Non. 110, 19; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 138; Varr. L. L. 5, § 70 Müll.; of a person: quasi fulguritus, Sen. de Ira, 3, 23, 6.

fulgŭrĭo, īvi, ītum, 4, v. n. and a. [fulgur] (ante-class.).

Neutr., to hurl lightnings, to lighten: suo sonitu claro fulgurivit Juppiter, Naev. ap. Non. 110, 17 (Trag. Rel. v. 13 Rib.).—

Act., to strike with lightning; only in the part. perf. pass.:

fulguritum id quod est fulmine ictum: qui locus statim fieri putabatur religiosus, quod eum deus sibi dicasse videretur,

Fest. p. 92 Müll.; so as subst.: fulgŭrī-tum, i, n., that which has been struck by lightning, Arn. 5, 4; 5, 1: fulguritae arbores, Lucil. ap. Non. 110, 19; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 138; Varr. L. L. 5, § 70 Müll.; of a person: quasi fulguritus, Sen. de Ira, 3, 23, 6.

in-nŏcens, entis, adj. ( gen. plur. innocentūm, Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 5;

but innocentium,

Cic. Verr. 4, 52, § 116), that does no harm.

Lit., harmless, inoffensive, innoxious (syn. insons):

epistula,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18:

ruina,

Mart. 1, 83, 11:

innocentis pocula Lesbii,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 21:

innocentior cibus,

Plin. 23, 7, 67, § 132.—

Transf., that harms no one, blameless, guiltless, innocent.

In gen.: servus, Plant. Capt. 3, 5, 7: [p. 958] innocens is dicitur, non qui leviter nocet, sed qui nihil nocet, Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 41:

innocens si accusatus sit, absolvi potest,

id. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:

vir integer, innocens, religiosus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7:

parricidii,

Flor. 4, 1:

factorum innocens sum,

Tac. A. 4, 34:

innocentissimo patre privatus est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 88:

contentiones,

carried on without bitterness, Vell. 1, 11, 6:

vita innocentissimus,

id. 2, 2, 2.—As subst.: innŏcens, entis, m., the guiltless man:

cum innocente abstinentiā certabat (Cato),

Sall. C. 54, 5; Auct. Her. 2, 3, 5. —

In partic., disinterested, upright:

praetores,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 12:

vir innocens et industrius,

Suet. Vit. 2; Plin. Pan. 28, 3.—Hence, adv.: innŏcenter, harmlessly, blamelessly, innocently:

vivere,

Quint. 7, 4, 18:

opes innocenter paratae,

Tac. A. 4, 44.— Comp.:

omnia, quae caeduntur, innocentius decrescente luna, quam crescente fiunt,

more safely, better, Plin. 18, 32, 75, § 321:

agere,

Tac. H. 1, 9. — Sup.: vita innocentissime acta, Auct. Decl. ap. Sall. 2.

in-nŏcens, entis, adj. ( gen. plur. innocentūm, Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 5;

but innocentium,

Cic. Verr. 4, 52, § 116), that does no harm.

Lit., harmless, inoffensive, innoxious (syn. insons):

epistula,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18:

ruina,

Mart. 1, 83, 11:

innocentis pocula Lesbii,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 21:

innocentior cibus,

Plin. 23, 7, 67, § 132.—

Transf., that harms no one, blameless, guiltless, innocent.

In gen.: servus, Plant. Capt. 3, 5, 7: [p. 958] innocens is dicitur, non qui leviter nocet, sed qui nihil nocet, Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 41:

innocens si accusatus sit, absolvi potest,

id. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:

vir integer, innocens, religiosus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7:

parricidii,

Flor. 4, 1:

factorum innocens sum,

Tac. A. 4, 34:

innocentissimo patre privatus est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 88:

contentiones,

carried on without bitterness, Vell. 1, 11, 6:

vita innocentissimus,

id. 2, 2, 2.—As subst.: innŏcens, entis, m., the guiltless man:

cum innocente abstinentiā certabat (Cato),

Sall. C. 54, 5; Auct. Her. 2, 3, 5. —

In partic., disinterested, upright:

praetores,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 12:

vir innocens et industrius,

Suet. Vit. 2; Plin. Pan. 28, 3.—Hence, adv.: innŏcenter, harmlessly, blamelessly, innocently:

vivere,

Quint. 7, 4, 18:

opes innocenter paratae,

Tac. A. 4, 44.— Comp.:

omnia, quae caeduntur, innocentius decrescente luna, quam crescente fiunt,

more safely, better, Plin. 18, 32, 75, § 321:

agere,

Tac. H. 1, 9. — Sup.: vita innocentissime acta, Auct. Decl. ap. Sall. 2.

pūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root pū, purificare, lustrare; cf.: pŭtus, pŭto; whence also poinê; Lat. poena], clean, pure, i. e. free from any foreign, esp. from any contaminating admixture (syn.: illimis, liquidus).

Lit.

Clean, free from dirt or filth, pure, unstained, undefiled:

purae aedes,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6:

et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam,

Tib. 2, 1, 14; Hor. Epod. 17, 49; id. S. 1, 4, 68:

vestis,

Verg. A. 12, 169:

ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:

amnis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

aqua,

id. C. 3, 16, 29; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 20:

fons,

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 3:

lympha,

Sil. 7, 170:

amphorae,

Hor. Epod. 2, 15:

fictilia,

Tib. 1, 1, 30:

torus,

id. 1, 3, 26:

purissima mella,

Verg. G. 4, 163:

aëre purior ignis,

Ov. M. 15, 243:

hasta,

unstained with blood, Stat. Th. 11, 450.—

In gen., free or clear from any admixture or obstruction: terra, cleared (from stones, bushes, etc.), Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

sol,

clear, bright, Hor. C. 3, 29, 45:

orbis,

Ov. M. 4, 348:

caelum,

Tib. 4, 1, 10:

luna,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:

vesper,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

dies,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 2:

aurum,

refined, without dross, Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84; 33, 6, 32, § 99:

argentum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52:

gemma,

Ov. M. 2, 856.— Absol.: pū-rum, i, n., a clear, bright, unclouded sky, Verg. G. 2, 364; Hor. C. 1, 34, 7.—

Transf.

In gen., plain, natural, naked, unadorned, unwrought, unmixed, unadulterated, unsophisticated: argentum, plain, i. e. unornamented, without figures chased upon it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49; 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Juv. 9, 141; cf.:

coronarum aliae sunt purae, aliae caelatae,

Vitr. 7, 3; and:

utrum lanx pura an caelata sit,

Dig. 6, 1, 6:

vasa,

not pitched, Col. 12, 4, 4:

locus,

not built upon, vacant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll.; Liv. 24, 14; Dig. 13, 7, 43:

humus,

Cic. Sen. 15, 59:

solum,

Liv. 1, 44 fin.:

ager,

Ov. F. 3, 582:

campus,

Verg. A. 12, 771:

purus ab arboribus campus,

Ov. M. 3, 709:

hasta,

without an iron head, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 68:

toga,

without purple stripes, Phaedr. 3, 10, 10:

esse utramque sibi per se puramque necesse'st,

unmixed, Lucr. 1, 506.—

Cleansing, purifying:

idem ter socios pura circumtulit undā,

Verg. A. 6, 229:

sulfur,

Tib. 1, 5, 11.—

Trop.

Pure, unspotted, spotless, chaste, undefiled, unpolluted, faultless, etc.:

animus omni admixtione corporis liberatus, purus et integer,

Cic. Sen. 22, 80:

castus animus purusque,

id. Div. 1, 53, 121:

estne quisquam qui tibi purior esse videatur?

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:

puriora et dilucidiora,

id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: vita et pectore puro, Hor.S. 1,6, 64; id. Ep. 1, 2, 67: pectus purum et firmum, stainless, faultless, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17 (Trag. v. 340 Vahl.):

familia,

that has solemnized the funeral rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

gladium purum ab omni caede servare,

Sen. Ep. 24, 7:

purae a civili sanguine manus,

id. Suas. 6, 2:

purus sum a peccato,

Vulg. Prov. 20, 9:

pectus purum ab omni sceleris contagione,

Lact. 5, 12, 2.—Of freedom from sensual passion:

animam puram conservare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

noctes, opp. spurcae,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 62; id. Poen. 1, 2, 137; Tib. 1, 3, 26; Mart. 6, 66, 5; 9, 64:

corpus,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9.—With gen.:

integer vitae scelerisque purus,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 1.—Of purity of style:

oratio Catuli sic pura est, ut Latine loqui paene solus videatur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 29; cf.: purum et candidum genus dicendi, id. Or. 16, 53:

sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53:

sermo quam purissimus,

id. 4, 2, 118:

multo est tersior ac magis purus (Horatius),

id. 10, 1, 94:

pura et illustris brevitas,

Cic. Brut. 75, 262:

pura et incorrupta consuetudo dicendi,

id. ib. 75, 261:

pressus sermo purusque,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., unconditional, without exception, absolute; entire, complete:

judicium purum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:

pura et directa libertas,

Dig. 40, 4, 59:

causa,

ib. 46, 3, 5.—

Clear, complete, over and above:

quid possit ad dominos puri ac reliqui provenire,

clear gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 200.—

Relig. t. t., free from religious claims or consecration:

purus autem locus dicitur, qui neque sacer neque sanctus est neque religiosus, sed ab omnibus huiusmodi nominibus vacare videtur,

Dig. 11, 7, 2, § 4; cf.

ib. § 2: quae tandem est domus ab istā suspicione religionis tam vacua atque pura,

Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 11.—

Not desecrated, undefiled.

Untrodden, fresh:

locus,

Liv. 25, 17, 3.—

Not defiled by a funeral or burial:

familia,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57.—

Free from mourning:

dies,

Ov. F. 2, 558.— Adv., in two forms, pūrē and (ante-class. and poet.) pūrĭ-ter ( sup. ‡ purime, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.), purely, clearly, without spot or mixture.

Lit.

Form pure:

pure eluere vasa,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 3; cf.: pure lautum=aquā purā lavatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 248 Müll.:

lavare,

Liv. 5, 22.—

Form puriter:

puriter transfundere aquam in alterum dolium,

Cato, R. R. 112:

puriter lavit dentes,

Cat. 39, 14.—

Comp., brightly, clearly:

splendens Pario marmore purius,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

purius osculari,

Sen. Ben. 2, 12, 2.—

Sup.:

quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,

Cato, R. R. 66.—

Trop., purely, chastely; plainly, clearly, simply.

Form pure:

si forte pure velle habere dixerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 61:

quiete et pure et eleganter acta aetas,

Cic. Sen. 5, 13:

pure et caste deos venerari,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Liv. 27, 37; cf.:

radix caste pureque collecta,

Plin. 22, 10, 12, § 27.—Of style:

pure et emendate loqui,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 2, 4:

pure apparere,

clearly, obviously, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100:

quid pure tranquillet,

perfectly, fully, id. Ep. 1, 18, 102.—

Form puriter:

si vitam puriter egi,

Cat. 76, 19.—

Sup.:

Scipio omnium aetatis suae purissime locutus,

Gell. 2, 20, 5:

purissime atque illustrissime aliquid describere,

very distinctly, very clearly, id. 9, 13, 4.—

In partic., jurid., unconditionally, simply, absolutely:

aliquid legare,

Dig. 8, 2, 35:

contrahi,

ib. 18, 2, 4; 39, 2, 22 fin.; 26, 2, 11; Gai. Inst. 1, 186.

pūrus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root pū, purificare, lustrare; cf.: pŭtus, pŭto; whence also poinê; Lat. poena], clean, pure, i. e. free from any foreign, esp. from any contaminating admixture (syn.: illimis, liquidus).

Lit.

Clean, free from dirt or filth, pure, unstained, undefiled:

purae aedes,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 6:

et manibus puris sumite fontis aquam,

Tib. 2, 1, 14; Hor. Epod. 17, 49; id. S. 1, 4, 68:

vestis,

Verg. A. 12, 169:

ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:

amnis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

aqua,

id. C. 3, 16, 29; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 20:

fons,

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 3:

lympha,

Sil. 7, 170:

amphorae,

Hor. Epod. 2, 15:

fictilia,

Tib. 1, 1, 30:

torus,

id. 1, 3, 26:

purissima mella,

Verg. G. 4, 163:

aëre purior ignis,

Ov. M. 15, 243:

hasta,

unstained with blood, Stat. Th. 11, 450.—

In gen., free or clear from any admixture or obstruction: terra, cleared (from stones, bushes, etc.), Cic. Sen. 17, 59:

sol,

clear, bright, Hor. C. 3, 29, 45:

orbis,

Ov. M. 4, 348:

caelum,

Tib. 4, 1, 10:

luna,

Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:

vesper,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

dies,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 2:

aurum,

refined, without dross, Plin. 33, 4, 25, § 84; 33, 6, 32, § 99:

argentum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52:

gemma,

Ov. M. 2, 856.— Absol.: pū-rum, i, n., a clear, bright, unclouded sky, Verg. G. 2, 364; Hor. C. 1, 34, 7.—

Transf.

In gen., plain, natural, naked, unadorned, unwrought, unmixed, unadulterated, unsophisticated: argentum, plain, i. e. unornamented, without figures chased upon it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49; 2, 4, 23, § 52; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Juv. 9, 141; cf.:

coronarum aliae sunt purae, aliae caelatae,

Vitr. 7, 3; and:

utrum lanx pura an caelata sit,

Dig. 6, 1, 6:

vasa,

not pitched, Col. 12, 4, 4:

locus,

not built upon, vacant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll.; Liv. 24, 14; Dig. 13, 7, 43:

humus,

Cic. Sen. 15, 59:

solum,

Liv. 1, 44 fin.:

ager,

Ov. F. 3, 582:

campus,

Verg. A. 12, 771:

purus ab arboribus campus,

Ov. M. 3, 709:

hasta,

without an iron head, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 68:

toga,

without purple stripes, Phaedr. 3, 10, 10:

esse utramque sibi per se puramque necesse'st,

unmixed, Lucr. 1, 506.—

Cleansing, purifying:

idem ter socios pura circumtulit undā,

Verg. A. 6, 229:

sulfur,

Tib. 1, 5, 11.—

Trop.

Pure, unspotted, spotless, chaste, undefiled, unpolluted, faultless, etc.:

animus omni admixtione corporis liberatus, purus et integer,

Cic. Sen. 22, 80:

castus animus purusque,

id. Div. 1, 53, 121:

estne quisquam qui tibi purior esse videatur?

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 18:

puriora et dilucidiora,

id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46: vita et pectore puro, Hor.S. 1,6, 64; id. Ep. 1, 2, 67: pectus purum et firmum, stainless, faultless, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17 (Trag. v. 340 Vahl.):

familia,

that has solemnized the funeral rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57:

gladium purum ab omni caede servare,

Sen. Ep. 24, 7:

purae a civili sanguine manus,

id. Suas. 6, 2:

purus sum a peccato,

Vulg. Prov. 20, 9:

pectus purum ab omni sceleris contagione,

Lact. 5, 12, 2.—Of freedom from sensual passion:

animam puram conservare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

noctes, opp. spurcae,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 62; id. Poen. 1, 2, 137; Tib. 1, 3, 26; Mart. 6, 66, 5; 9, 64:

corpus,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9.—With gen.:

integer vitae scelerisque purus,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 1.—Of purity of style:

oratio Catuli sic pura est, ut Latine loqui paene solus videatur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 8, 29; cf.: purum et candidum genus dicendi, id. Or. 16, 53:

sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53:

sermo quam purissimus,

id. 4, 2, 118:

multo est tersior ac magis purus (Horatius),

id. 10, 1, 94:

pura et illustris brevitas,

Cic. Brut. 75, 262:

pura et incorrupta consuetudo dicendi,

id. ib. 75, 261:

pressus sermo purusque,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., unconditional, without exception, absolute; entire, complete:

judicium purum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:

pura et directa libertas,

Dig. 40, 4, 59:

causa,

ib. 46, 3, 5.—

Clear, complete, over and above:

quid possit ad dominos puri ac reliqui provenire,

clear gain, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 200.—

Relig. t. t., free from religious claims or consecration:

purus autem locus dicitur, qui neque sacer neque sanctus est neque religiosus, sed ab omnibus huiusmodi nominibus vacare videtur,

Dig. 11, 7, 2, § 4; cf.

ib. § 2: quae tandem est domus ab istā suspicione religionis tam vacua atque pura,

Cic. Har. Resp. 6, 11.—

Not desecrated, undefiled.

Untrodden, fresh:

locus,

Liv. 25, 17, 3.—

Not defiled by a funeral or burial:

familia,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57.—

Free from mourning:

dies,

Ov. F. 2, 558.— Adv., in two forms, pūrē and (ante-class. and poet.) pūrĭ-ter ( sup. ‡ purime, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 252 Müll.), purely, clearly, without spot or mixture.

Lit.

Form pure:

pure eluere vasa,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 3; cf.: pure lautum=aquā purā lavatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 248 Müll.:

lavare,

Liv. 5, 22.—

Form puriter:

puriter transfundere aquam in alterum dolium,

Cato, R. R. 112:

puriter lavit dentes,

Cat. 39, 14.—

Comp., brightly, clearly:

splendens Pario marmore purius,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

purius osculari,

Sen. Ben. 2, 12, 2.—

Sup.:

quam mundissime purissimeque fiat,

Cato, R. R. 66.—

Trop., purely, chastely; plainly, clearly, simply.

Form pure:

si forte pure velle habere dixerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 61:

quiete et pure et eleganter acta aetas,

Cic. Sen. 5, 13:

pure et caste deos venerari,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Liv. 27, 37; cf.:

radix caste pureque collecta,

Plin. 22, 10, 12, § 27.—Of style:

pure et emendate loqui,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 2, 4:

pure apparere,

clearly, obviously, Hor. S. 1, 2, 100:

quid pure tranquillet,

perfectly, fully, id. Ep. 1, 18, 102.—

Form puriter:

si vitam puriter egi,

Cat. 76, 19.—

Sup.:

Scipio omnium aetatis suae purissime locutus,

Gell. 2, 20, 5:

purissime atque illustrissime aliquid describere,

very distinctly, very clearly, id. 9, 13, 4.—

In partic., jurid., unconditionally, simply, absolutely:

aliquid legare,

Dig. 8, 2, 35:

contrahi,

ib. 18, 2, 4; 39, 2, 22 fin.; 26, 2, 11; Gai. Inst. 1, 186.

sērĭus, a, um, adj. [perh. for sevrius; root sev-, severus; Gr. sebas, semnos], grave, earnest, serious, opp. to sportive, jocular (class. only of things;

severus, both of persons and things): res (opp. jocosae),

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134:

sermo (opp. jocus),

Auct. Her. 3, 14, 25:

non res potissimum seria, sed quasi ludus ac jocus,

Lact. 2, 18, 3: graves seriaeque res, Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103; so,

res serias omnis extollo in alium diem,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 51:

ait rem seriam Velle agere mecum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 23, 7 fin.:

dies religiosus ad agendum quicquam rei seriae,

id. 26, 17 al.:

verba,

Tib. 3, 6, 52; cf. Hor. A. P. 107:

quaestiones,

Suet. Calig. 32:

carmina,

Plin. Pan. 54, 2:

curae,

id. ib. 82 fin.:

partes dierum,

id. ib. 49 fin.:

tempus,

id. Ep. 4, 25, 3 et saep.:

opinor hercle hodie quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51:

si aliquid serium, etc.,

Quint. 6, 3, 16:

nec quicquam grave ac serium,

Tac. A. 3, 50 fin. —With sup.:

verba seria dictu,

Hor. A. P. 107.—As subst.: sērĭum, i, and more freq. sērĭa, ōrum, n., earnestness, seriousness; serious matters or discourse (often opp. jocus); sing.:

si quid per jocum Dixi, nolito in serium convortere,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 42:

itaque res in serium versa est,

Curt. 5, 7, 10:

nihil ad serium,

Tac. A. 6, 14.— Plur.:

quīcum joca, seria, ut dicitur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

joca atque seria cum humillimis agere,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

cum his seria ac jocos celebrare,

Liv. 1, 4 fin.:

per seria per jocos,

Tac. A. 2, 13:

sed tamen amoto quaeramus seria ludo,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 27; 2, 2, 125; id. A. P. 226; Ov. F. 5, 341 al.:

mala,

Hor. A. P. 451:

mea (opp. lusus),

Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 31:

(Marsus) seria partitur in tria genera,

Quint. 6, 3, 108:

ille seria nostra, ille deliciae,

Plin. Ep. 8, 1, 2.—Of persons, for severus (ante- and post-class.): non ego te novi tristem servum, serium? Afran. ap. Non. 33, 33:

amicos serios aspernatur,

App. Mag. 98, p. 336, 9:

Solon,

id. ib. 9, p. 278 fin.; Amm. 26, 2, 2; 29, 6, 1; Treb. Claud. 12, 5; Mam. Grat. Act. 12, 2; Quint. Decl. 15, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms.

sērĭō, in earnest, seriously (mostly anteclass.; a favorite word of Plaut.;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): nec joco nec serio,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 25:

si quid dictum est per jocum, Non aequom est id te serio praevortier,

id. ib. 3, 2, 40:

an id joco dixisti? equidem serio ac vero ratus,

id. ib. 3, 3, 9; so (opp. joco) id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 30; Liv. 7, 41, 3: vereor serio, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 195; Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 225; id. Cas. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 1, 1, 29; id. Merc. 4, 1, 19; id. Ps. 1, 3, 106; 4, 7, 94; id. Poen. 1, 1, 32; 1, 3, 26; 1, 3, 29; id. Rud. 2, 5, 11; 4, 4, 1; id. Truc. 2, 2, 47; 2, 5, 29; Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 3; 3, 3, 22; id. Ad. 5, 9, 18; Liv. 4, 25 fin.; Quint. 1, 2, 1; 9, 2, 14; Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 10.—

sērĭē, in earnest, seriously:

(post-class.) vultu serie pulcro,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 15.

sērĭus, comp. adv., v. 3. sero.