conscientiously

* * *

* * *

* * *

fĭdes, ĕi ( gen. sing. scanned fĭdēï, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1; Lucr. 5, 102.— Ante-class. and poet. form of the gen. fide, like die, facie, etc., Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 1; id. Poen. 4, 2, 68; Ov. M. 3, 341; 6, 506; 7, 728; 737; Hor. C. 3, 7, 4; cf. Prisc. p. 781 P.; Charis. p. 53 ib.; Ritschl, Proleg. p. 90.— Dat. fide, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 80; 91; 105; Enn. ap. Non. 112, 1, or Ann. v. 111 ed. Vahl.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 95), f. [fido], trust in a person or thing, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief (syn.: fidelitas, fiducia, confidentia).

Lit.

In gen.:

si sciat noster senex, fidem non esse huic habitam,

that he has not been trusted, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 52; cf.:

fides ut habeatur, duabus rebus effici potest... iis fidem habemus, quos plus intelligere quam nos arbitramur... bonis viris ita fides habetur, ut nulla sit in iis fraudis injuriaeque suspicio... prudentia sine justitia nihil valeat ad faciendam fidem, etc.,

to give confidence, produce confidence, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; see in the foll.: neque pauci, neque leves sunt, qui se duo soles vidisse dicant;

ut non tam fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda sit,

to give credence, id. Rep. 1, 10; cf.:

quod si insanorum visis fides non est habenda, quia falsa sunt, cur credatur somniantium visis, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

si ita posset defendere, tamen fides huic defensioni non haberetur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 148:

me miseram! forsitan hic mihi parvam habeat fidem,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117; cf.:

cum jam minor fabulis haberetur fides,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

(fidem) majorem tibi habui quam paene ipsi mihi,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 18, 1:

ex aliis ei maximam fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4:

cui maximam fidem suarum rerum habeat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131; cf.:

cui summam omnium rerum fidem habebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:

fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere,

Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113:

testimonio fidem tribuere,

id. Sull. 3, 10; cf.:

Cratippus iisdem rebus fidem tribuit,

id. Div. 1, 3, 5:

et auctoritatem orationi affert et fidem,

id. Or. 34, 120:

si tota oratio nostra omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmat,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

constituere fidem,

id. Part. Or. 9, 31: fidem facit oratio, awakens or produces belief, id. Brut. 50, 187; cf.:

quoniam auribus vestris... minorem fidem faceret oratio mea,

id. Cat. 3, 2, 4:

aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37, 1;

so with dare (rare): res ipsa fidem sermoni meo dabit,

App. M. 4, p. 146, 25:

Hercules cui ea res immortalitatis fidem dedit,

assured of, Just. 24, 4, 4; Plin. Pan. 74, 3.—With object-clauses:

fac fidem, te nihil nisi populi utilitatem et fructum quaerere,

evince, show, Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 22: tibi fidem faciemus, nos ea suadere, quae, etc., will convince, Balb. et Opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 8, A. fin.:

mihi fides apud hunc est, nihil me istius facturum,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10; cf.:

cum vix fides esset, rem ullo modo successuram,

Suet. Vesp. 7:

male fidem servando illis quoque abrogant fidem,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 41:

quorum rebus gestis, fidem et auctoritatem in testimonio inimicitiarum suspicio derogavit,

Cic. Font. 7, 13; cf.:

alicui abrogare fidem juris jurandi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; and:

omnibus abrogatur fides,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

quae res fidem abrogat orationi,

Auct. Her. 1, 10, 17:

imminuit et oratoris auctoritatem et orationis fidem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 156:

multa fidem promissa levant,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10: fidem addere, to give credence (opp. fidem demere):

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

Tac. G. 3 fin. —

In partic., in mercant. lang., credit:

cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, neque creditae pecuniae solverentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 1, 2; cf.:

scimus, Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

fides de foro sublata erat,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

labefacta jam fide,

credit being impaired, Suet. Vesp. 4:

pecunia suā aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua,

Sall. C. 24, 2:

non contentus agrariis legibus fidem moliri coepit,

Liv. 6, 11, 8; cf.:

fidem abrogare,

id. 6, 41, 11:

fidemque remque, perdere,

credit and means, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 36; cf.:

res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

nisi fide staret res publica, opibus non staturam,

Liv. 23, 48, 9 Drak.; freq.: res fidesque, for fame and fortune, property and credit, i. e. entire resources, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18; id. Truc. 1, 1, 24; 38; id. Most. 1, 2, 64; Sall. J. 73, 6 Cort.—

Beyond the mercant. sphere ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

segetis certa fides meae,

i. e. return, yield, Hor. C. 3, 16, 30:

at tibi... Persolvat nullā semina certa fide,

Tib. 2, 3, 62:

fallax fides unius anni,

Plin. Pan. 32, 4:

quia hanc ejus terrae fidem Menander eludit,

Quint. 12, 10, 25.

Transf., that which produces confidence or belief.

The quality that produces confidence in a person, trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty; in things, credibility, truth, etc.

In gen. (erroneously regarded by Cicero as the primary signif. of the word; wherefore he derived it from fio; v. the foll. passages):

fundamentum justitiae est fides, id est dictorum conventorumque constantia et veritas. Ex quo, audeamus imitari Stoicos, credamusque, quia fiat, quod dictum est, appellatam fidem,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23 Beier; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 17 (Rep. 4, 7, p. 428 ed. Mos.); id. Fam. 16, 10 fin.:

justitia creditis in rebus fides nominatur,

id. Part. Or. 22, 78:

meo periculo hujus ego experiar fidem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 99; cf.:

fides fidelitasque amicum erga,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 2:

homo antiqua virtute ac fide,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88; cf.:

exemplum antiquae probitatis et fidei,

Cic. Rep. 3, 5:

esse summa probitate ac fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

vir aequissimus, singulari fide,

id. ib. 3, 17:

quorum fides est laudata,

id. ib. 2, 36:

quibus facillime justitia et fides convalescit,

id. ib. 2, 14:

unde justitia, fides, aequitas?

id. ib. 1, 2:

cujus virtuti, fidei, felicitati (Gallia) commendata est,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

aequitas et fides,

id. Rep. 1, 35; cf.:

si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides,

id. ib. 3, 18 fin.:

quanta fide, quanta religione,

id. Font. 6, 13:

hinc fides, illinc fraudatio,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenu' fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 ed. Vahl.): ubi societas? ubi fides majorum? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: nulla sancta societas, nec fides regni est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 8, 26 (Trag. v. 412 ed. Vahl.):

mea eraga te fides et benevolentia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 1:

pro vetere ac perpetua erga populum Romanum fide,

Caes. B. G. 5, 54, 4:

in fide atque amicitia civitatis Aeduae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 2:

in fide manere,

id. ib. 7, 4, 5; cf.:

sincera fide in pace Ligures esse,

Liv. 40, 34, 11:

si tibi optima fide sua omnia concessit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144:

praestare fidem,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Top. 10, 42; id. Att. 16, 7, 2; id. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

te oro per tuam fidem, ne, etc.,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 55: Eu. Dic bona fide: tu id aurum non surripuisti? Ly. Bona. Eu. Neque scis, quis abstulerit? Ly. Istuc quoque bona, Plaut. Mil. 4, 10, 42:

de pace cum fide agere,

Liv. 32, 33, 10:

jussas cum fide poenas luam,

Hor. Epod. 17, 37:

haecne marita fides?

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 11:

Aeacidae dederat pacis pignusque fidemque,

faithful bail, Ov. M. 12, 365:

perjura patris fides,

perjured faith, dishonesty, Hor. C. 3, 24, 59 et saep.—Prov.:

fides ut anima, unde abiit, eo numquam redit,

Pub. Syr. 181 (Rib.):

fidem qui perdit, quo se servet relicuo,

id. 166.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

nam cum Gabinii levitas... omnem tabularum fidem resignasset, etc.,

trustworthiness, credibility, Cic. Arch. 5, 9; cf.:

nunc vero quam habere auctoritatem et quam fidem possunt (litterae)?

id. Fl. 9, 21; and:

visa, quae fidem nullam habebunt,

id. Ac. 2, 18, 58 fin.; and:

qui non speciem expositionis sed fidem quaerit,

truth, Quint. 10, 1, 32:

aliter oraculorum, aliter haruspicum fides confirmari aut refelli potest,

id. 5, 7, 36:

probationum,

id. 4 praef. §

6: liber spectatae fidei,

Gell. 1, 7, 1:

paulum distare ab eo (lapide) in unguentorum fide multi existimant Lygdinos, etc.,

in faithful preservation, keeping in good condition, Plin. 36, 8, 13, § 62.—

In poets several times, faithful, true fulfilment of a promise:

dicta fides sequitur,

Ov. M. 3, 527 (cf.:

res dicta secuta est,

id. ib. 4, 550):

vota fides sequitur,

id. ib. 8, 713:

promissa exhibuere fidem,

were fulfilled, id. ib. 7, 323; cf.:

en haec promissa fides est?

is this the fulfilment of the oracle? Verg. A. 6, 346.—

In partic., in jurid. lang., bona fides, good faith, sincerity; hence, EX FIDE BONA or BONA FIDE, in good faith, sincerely, honestly, conscientiously:

arbitrum illum adegit, QVICQVID SIBI DARE FACERE OPORTERET EX FIDE BONA,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66; cf.: quanti verba illa: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, etc.... Q. quidem Scaevola, pontifex maximus, summam vim esse dicebat in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur EX FIDE BONA;

fideique bonae, nomen existimabat manare latissime, idque versari in tutelis societatibus, fiduciis mandatis, rebus emptis venditis, conductis locatis, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 17, 70; id. Att. 6, 1, 15: praetor ait: QVI [p. 747] BONA FIDE EMIT, etc., Dig. 6, 2, 7, § 11 sq.; cf.:

bonae fidei emptori subrepta re quam emerit,

Just. Inst. 4, 1, 15:

ubi lex inhibet usucapionem, bona fides possidenti nihil prodest,

Dig. 41, 3, 24:

tot judicia de fide mala, quae ex empto aut vendito aut conducto aut locato contra fidem fiunt, etc.,

i. e. deception, dishonesty, Cic. N. D. 3, 30, 74:

bonā fide = certissime,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 30; id. Aul. 4, 10, 42; id. Capt. 4, 2, 110; cf.:

mala fide,

Dig. 41, 2, 1, § 6.—

An assurance that produces confidence, a promise, engagement, word, assurance, confirmation.

In gen.:

fide data, credamus,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 61: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.):

atque etiam, si quid singuli temporibus adducti hosti promiserunt, est in eo ipso fides conservanda: ut primo Punico bello Regulus... ad supplicium redire maluit, quam fidem hosti datam fallere,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

fidem dare, violare, in fide non stare,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

Pompei fides, quam de me Caesari dederat,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 12:

inter se fidem et jusjurandum dare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:

obligare fidem alicui,

to plight one's faith, Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; cf.:

fidem reliquis interponere,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6 fin.:

fide mea spondeo, futurum ut, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10:

diffidens, de numero dierum Caesarem fidem servaturum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36, 1:

si fidem mecum servas,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 48:

tecum servavi fidem,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 10; id. Merc. 3, 1, 33:

fides juris jurandi cum hoste servanda,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

fidem erga imperatorem conservare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 84, 3:

fidem erga populum Romanum servare,

Liv. 24, 4, 5:

servata erga Galbam,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

in regem suum servata,

Curt. 6, 5, 2:

ut fidem vobis praestaremus,

Liv. 28, 39, 2; so,

fidem alicui praestare,

Curt. 6, 4, 9; Liv. 30, 15, 5; Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

non servata fides deditis est,

Liv. 24, 1, 10; cf. Cic. de Sen. 20, 75; Sen. Ep. 71, 17:

fidem suam liberare,

to perform his promise, Cic. Fl. 20, 47; cf.:

fidem alicujus liberare,

id. Fam. 12, 7, 2: so,

fidem exsolvere,

Liv. 3, 19, 1; 22, 23, 8; 24, 16, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 6; Luc. 9, 98 al.:

fidem frangere,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16;

for which violare, v. above,

id. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

fidem amittere,

Nep. Eum. 10:

istius fide ac potius perfidiā decepti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: quantum mea fides studii mihi afferat, my plighted word (to defend the king), id. Deiot. 1, 1:

contioni deinde edicto addidit fidem,

confirmed, Liv. 2, 24, 6.—

Pregn., a given promise of protection or security, a guaranty; hence, in gen., protection, guardian care:

introduxi Vulturcium sine Gallis: fidem ei publicam jussu senatus dedi,

promised him protection, security, in the name of the public, Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 8; cf.: Vulturcius interrogatus... primo fingere alia;

post, ubi fide publica dicere jussus est, omnia uti gesta erant aperit,

Sall. C. 47, 1:

cum se diceret indicaturum de conjuratione, si fides publica data esset,

id. ib. 48, 4:

uti L. Cassius ad Jugurtham mitteretur, eumque interposita fide publica Romam duceret,

id. J. 32, 1; cf.:

privatim praeterea fidem suam interponit, quam ille non minoris quam publicam ducebat,

id. ib. fin.:

qui Romam fide publica venerat,

id. ib. 35, 7; so,

too, simply fides: Lusitani contra interpositam fidem interfecti,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89:

fide accepta ab legatis, vim abfuturam,

Liv. 38, 33, 3:

Thais patri se commendavit in clientelam et fidem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 9; cf.:

se in Chrysogoni fidem et clientelam contulerunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 37, 106:

quaere in cujus fide sint et clientela,

id. ib. 33, 93:

aliquid in fidem alicujus tradere,

Liv. 38, 31, 2:

frugi hominem, plenum religionis videtis positum in vestra fide ac potestate: atque ita, ut commissus sit fidei, permissus potestati,

Cic. Font. 14, 30; cf.:

se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2:

in alicujus fidem ac potestatem venire,

id. ib. 2, 13, 2:

in fide alicujus esse,

Cic. Planc. 41, 97; cf. id. Fam. 13, 65, 2:

ea (jura) fidei suae commissa,

id. Off. 1, 34, 124:

civitas in Catonis fide locata,

id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

recipere aliquid in fidem,

id. ib. 15, 14, 3; cf.:

aliquem in fidem necessitudinemque suam recipere,

id. Fam. 13, 19, 2:

recipere aliquem in fidem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15, 1; 4, 22, 3:

hortatur, ut populi Romani fidem sequantur,

id. ib. 4, 21, 8: jura fidemque supplicis erubuit (Achilles), the protection due to a suppliant, Verg. A. 2, 541:

di, obsecro vostram fidem!

your protection, assistance, help, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 11; id. Am. 5, 1, 78; id. Most. 1, 1, 74; 2, 2, 97; cf.:

fidem vestram oro atque obsecro, judices,

Cic. Mur. 40, 86:

deum atque hominum fidem implorabis,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25;

so in colloq. lang. frequently elliptic. as an exclamation: Di vostram fidem!

by the protection of the gods! for heaven's sake! Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 58, id. Men. 5, 2, 119; id. Poen. 4, 78 al.; Ter. And. 4, 3, 1; 4, 4, 5; id. Eun. 3, 1, 28 al.; cf.:

tuam fidem, Venus!

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 40:

pro deum atque hominum fidem!

id. ib. 5, 3, 16; id. Ep. 4, 2, 10; Ter. And. 1. 5, 2; 1, 5, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9 al.; Sall. C. 20, 10 al.;

for which: pro deorum atque hominum fidem!

Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;

and in a different order: pro deorum fidem atque hominum,

id. Lael. 15, 52;

also simply pro deum fidem,

Liv. 3, 67, 7 Drak. N. cr.; and:

per fidem!

Petr. 100, 5; Tac. Or. 35; App. M. 6, p. 175.—

The faith, the Christian religion as a system of belief (eccl. Lat.):

domicilium fidei,

Lact. 4, 30 fin.; Vulg. Apoc. 14, 12 al.

Fides, personified as a goddess:

praeclare Ennius: O Fides alma, apta pinnis, et jus jurandum Jovis! Qui jus igitur jurandum violat, is Fidem violat,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104 (Enn. Trag. v. 410 ed. Vahl.); cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 74 Müll.; Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47; 2, 23, 61; 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 11, 28; Plaut. Cas. prol. 2; id. Aul. 3, 6, 46; 50; 4, 2, 14; Verg. A. 1, 292; Hor. C. 1, 35, 21; 4, 5, 20; id. C. S. 57.

fĭdes, ium, plur., or fides, is, sing., f. [= sphidê], a stringed instrument, lyre, lute, cithern.

Lit.

In gen.

In plur. (only so in classic prose): Fides genus citharae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 89, 16 Müll.:

(hominis) omnis vultus omnesque voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sonant, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216;

so different from nervi,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; id. Leg. 2, 15, 39; id. Brut. 54, 199; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 (v. Madv. ad h. l., p. 601 sq.):

ut in fidibus aut tibiis, atque in cantu ipso ac vocibus concentus est quidam tenendus ex distinctis sonis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 42; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf. id. de Or. 3, 51, 197: Fi. Fides non reddis? Pe. Neque fides neque tibias, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 77;

with tibiae,

Quint. 1, 10, 14; 20; 11, 3, 59:

Orpheus, Threïciā fretus citharā fidibusque canoris,

Verg. A. 6, 120:

fidibus cantare alicui,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 64:

fidibus canere praeclare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Div. 2, 59, 122:

uti,

id. Tusc. 5, 39, 113:

dicere longum melos,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 4:

placare deos,

id. ib. 1, 36, 1:

discere,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

docere aliquem,

id. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

scire,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 53:

vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 12:

fidibusne Latinis Thebanos aptare modos studet,

i. e. to imitate Pindaric odes in Latin poetry, id. Ep. 1, 3, 12.—

Sing. ( poet.):

sume fidem et pharetram: fies manifestus Apollo,

Ov. H. 15, 23; so,

Teïa,

Hor. C. 1, 17, 18:

Cyllenea,

id. Epod. 13, 9:

quodsi blandius Orpheo moderere fidem,

id. C. 1, 24, 14.—

Prov.: vetus adagium est: Nihil cum fidibus graculo, i. e. ignoramuses have nothing to do with poetry, Gell. N. A. praef. § 19.—

Esp., Fides, is, f., a constellation, i. q. Lyra, the Lyre:

cedit clara Fides Cyllenia,

Cic. Arat. 381; Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12;

in the form Fidis,

Col. 11, 2, 14; 40; Sid. Carm. 16, 5.—

Transf., in sing., i. q. nervus, chorda, a string of a musical instrument:

quae tuba quaeve lyra Flatibus incluta vel fidibus,

Prud. Cath. 3, 81.

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:

o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,

Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:

piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,

Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):

si quis pius est,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:

uxor pia et pudica,

id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

di meliora piis,

Verg. G. 3, 513:

poëta,

Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:

pio vatis ab ore,

Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:

piorum sedes,

Cic. Phil. 14, 12:

arva piorum,

Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:

far,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:

tura,

Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:

luci,

sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:

pia et aeterna pax,

a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:

Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,

id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:

ore pio,

id. M. 7, 172; so,

quosque pium est adhibere deos,

id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:

stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,

justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:

pius in parentes,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:

pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,

Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:

seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,

Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:

pius dolor,

Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:

quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,

id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:

metus,

of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—

Transf., in gen.

Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato, R. R. praef.—

Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:

pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,

Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:

pie sancteque colere deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:

memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,

id. Sen. 22, 81:

metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,

id. Mil. 38, 103:

pie lugere,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:

quod utrumque piissime tulit,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:

o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,

Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:

piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,

Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):

si quis pius est,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:

uxor pia et pudica,

id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

di meliora piis,

Verg. G. 3, 513:

poëta,

Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:

pio vatis ab ore,

Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:

piorum sedes,

Cic. Phil. 14, 12:

arva piorum,

Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:

far,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:

tura,

Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:

luci,

sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:

pia et aeterna pax,

a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:

Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,

id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:

ore pio,

id. M. 7, 172; so,

quosque pium est adhibere deos,

id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:

stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,

justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:

pius in parentes,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:

pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,

Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:

seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,

Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:

pius dolor,

Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:

quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,

id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:

metus,

of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—

Transf., in gen.

Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato, R. R. praef.—

Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:

pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,

Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:

pie sancteque colere deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:

memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,

id. Sen. 22, 81:

metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,

id. Mil. 38, 103:

pie lugere,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:

quod utrumque piissime tulit,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:

o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,

Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:

piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,

Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):

si quis pius est,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:

uxor pia et pudica,

id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

di meliora piis,

Verg. G. 3, 513:

poëta,

Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:

pio vatis ab ore,

Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:

piorum sedes,

Cic. Phil. 14, 12:

arva piorum,

Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:

far,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:

tura,

Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:

luci,

sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:

pia et aeterna pax,

a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:

Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,

id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:

ore pio,

id. M. 7, 172; so,

quosque pium est adhibere deos,

id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:

stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,

justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:

pius in parentes,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:

pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,

Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:

seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,

Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:

pius dolor,

Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:

quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,

id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:

metus,

of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—

Transf., in gen.

Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato, R. R. praef.—

Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:

pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,

Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:

pie sancteque colere deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:

memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,

id. Sen. 22, 81:

metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,

id. Mil. 38, 103:

pie lugere,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:

quod utrumque piissime tulit,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

pĭus (written PIIVS, Inscr. Viscont. Monum. Degli Scip. tab. 6, n. 1; cf. Cic. Quint. 1, 4, 11), a, um (voc. pie:

o crucifer bone, lucisator Omnipotens pie,

Prud. Cath. 3, 1.— Comp. only magis pius; cf. Charis. pp. 88 and 130 P.— Sup.:

piissimus, used by Antonius, and condemned by Cicero, as: verbum omnino nullum in linguā Latinā,

Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43; but freq. in the post-Aug. per., e. g. Sen. Contr. 4, 27 med.; id. Consol. ad Polyb. 26 med.; Tac. Agr. 43; Curt. 9, 6, 17; Flor. 4, 7, 15; Inscr. Orell. 418 et saep. From rare form PIENS, found in inscriptions, Murat. 1624, 4; Mus. Ver. 129, 3 Maff., is derived another form of the sup., PIENTISSIMVS, Inscr. Orell. 200; 203; 3592), adj. [etym. dub.; often referred to tiô, timaô], that acts according to duty, dutiful; esp. that performs what is due to the gods and religion in general, to parrents, kindred, teachers, country; pious, devout, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind, good, grateful, respectful, loyal, patriotic, etc. (of persons and things):

si quis pius est,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 26:

uxor pia et pudica,

id. Am. 5, 1, 33: Capus... pium ex se Anchisen generat, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

(deos) piorum et impiorum habere rationem,

Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 15; id. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

di meliora piis,

Verg. G. 3, 513:

poëta,

Cat. 16, 5: pii vates. Verg. A. 6, 662; cf.:

pio vatis ab ore,

Ov. F. 3, 326.—So as subst. freq. pĭi, of the departed, the blessed:

piorum sedes,

Cic. Phil. 14, 12:

arva piorum,

Ov. M. 11, 62: cf. Bentley on Hor. C. 3, 4, 6.—Of things having reference to religion:

far,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 20:

tura,

Ov. H. 7, 24; 21, 7:

luci,

sacred, holy, Hor. C. 3, 4, 6:

pia et aeterna pax,

a conscientiously kept and eternal peace, Cic. Balb. 16, 35:

Poeni homines immolare pium esse duxerunt,

id. Rep. 3, 9; cf. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 96:

ore pio,

id. M. 7, 172; so,

quosque pium est adhibere deos,

id. F. 4, 829.— As subst.: pĭum, i, n.:

stabit pro signis jusque piumque tuis,

justice and equity, Ov. A. A. 1, 200; id. H. 8, 4.—Of respectful, affectionate conduct towards parents, etc.:

pius in parentes,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 90:

pius Aeneas, on account of his filial love for Anchises,

Verg. A. 1, 220; 305; 378; 4, 393; 5, 26 et saep.; cf.:

seniorque parens, pia sarcina nati,

Ov. H. 7, 107; id. M. 7, 482:

pius dolor,

Cic. Sest. 2: impietate pia est, she is affectionate (towards her brothers) through want of affection (for her son), her sisterly triumphed over her maternal love, Ov. M. 8, 477:

quo pius affectu Castora frater amat,

id. Tr. 4, 5, 30:

metus,

of a wife for her husband, id. M. 11, 389: bellum, waged for one's country or allies, Liv. 30, 31; 39, 36; Sil. 15, 162.—

Transf., in gen.

Honest, upright, honorable (very rare): pius quaestus, Cato, R. R. praef.—

Benevolent, kind, gentle, gracious (postAug.): clementia patrem tuum in primis Pii nomine ornavit, M. Aurel. ap. Vulcat. Gallic. in Avid. Cass. 11:

pius enim et clemens es, Dominus Deus,

Vulg. 2 Par. 30, 9; id. Ecclus. 2, 13.— Pĭus, a title of the emperors after M. Antoninus, on coins and inscrr.; v. Eckh. D. N. 7, p. 36; 8, p. 453; Inscr. Orell. 840 sq.— Poet., of a wine-jar: testa, my kindly jar, = benigna, Hor. C. 3, 21, 4.—Hence, adv.: pĭē, piously, religiously, dutifully, affectionately:

pie sancteque colere deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56; 1, 17, 45; id. Att. 6, 7, 1:

memoriam nostri pie inviolateque servabitis,

id. Sen. 22, 81:

metuo ne scelerate dicam in te, quod pro Milone dicam pie,

id. Mil. 38, 103:

pie lugere,

id. de Or. 2, 40, 167; Ov. H. 15, 153.— Sup.:

quod utrumque piissime tulit,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 34, 4.

rĕlĭgĭōsus (in the poets also rellig-), a, um, adj. [religio], reverencing or fearing God ( the gods), pious, devout, religious:

qui omnia quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 (cf. religio init.):

religiosi dicuntur, qui faciendarum praetermittendarumque rerum divinarum secundum morem civitatis delectum habent, nec se superstitionibus implicant,

Fest. p. 289, 15 Müll.:

naturā sancti et religiosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

asotos ita non religiosos ut edant de patellā,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

si magis religiosa fuerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 37:

nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

mortuis religiosa jura tribuere,

religious rites, Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

mores justi, integri, religiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184: amicitiae religiosā quādam necessitudine imbutae, quint. 1, 2, 20: hominem occidere religiosissimum erat, was a thing exceedingly pious or pleasing to the gods, Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13; cf.:

aliqui nomine quoque consalutare religiosius putant, etc.,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 23:

Judaei, viri religiosi,

Vulg. Act. 2, 5.—

Eccl. Lat., of or belonging to the clergy, clerical (opp. saecularis), Salv. Avar. 3, 5.—

Transf. (acc. to religio, II.).

Subject., religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous:

civitas religiosa, in principiis maxime novorum bellorum... ne quid praetermitteretur, quod aliquando factum esset. ludos Jovi donumque vovere consulem jussit,

Liv. 31, 9:

per hos quoque dies abstinent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae,

Col. 11, 2, 98; 11, 3, 62:

quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere,

was a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 2, 5; 3, 22; 5, 52; 6, 27; cf.:

religiosum est, quod jurati legibus judicarunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48.—

Overscrupulous, over-anxious, superstitious (rare and only ante-class.): religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1:

ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior? Cato ap. Fest. s. v. repulsior, p. 236: ut stultae et miserae sumus Religiosae,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37.—

In gen., scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate, conscientious:

religiosus est non modo deorum sanctitatem magni aestimans, sed etiam officiosus adversus homines,

Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

quod et in re misericordem se praebuerit et in testimoniis religiosum,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 26:

testis religiosissimus,

id. Vatin. 1, 1:

natio minime in testimoniis dicendis religiosa,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 9:

quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44:

ad Atticorum aures teretes et religiosas qui se accommodant,

id. Or. 9, 27:

ephorus vero non est religiosissimae fidei,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 2:

religiosissimis verbis jurare,

Petr. 21. —

Of the objects of religious veneration (temples, statues, utensils, etc.), holy, sacred:

templum sane sanctum et religiosum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 65:

signum sacrum ac religiosum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127;

and so with sacer,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

dies,

Suet. Tib. 61:

ex Aesculapi religiosissimo fano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

Ceres antiquissima, religiosissima,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49, § 109; cf.:

religiosissimum simulacrum Jovis Imperatoris,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: altaria,

id. Planc. 35, 68:

deorum limina,

Verg. A. 2, 365:

loca,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

sacra religiosissima,

Vell. 2, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 7:

vestes,

id. Tib. 36; id. Oth. 12:

simulacra,

Sedul. 1, 227:

divini juris sunt veluti res sacrae et religiosae... (sunt res) religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3 sq. —

Esp.: dies religiosus, a day upon which it was unlucky to undertake any thing important, a day of evil omen, e. g. the dies Alliensis, the dies atri, etc., Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. 379, 19; Liv. 6, 1; 26, 17; 37, 33; Suet. Tib. 61; id. Claud. 14 al.; cf. Gell. 4, 9, 4; and Fest. s. h. v. p. 231.—

Solum religiosum, land consecrated by the burial of the dead, Gai. Inst. 2, 6 sq.—Hence, adv.: rē̆lĭgĭōsē.

Piously, religiously:

religiosius deos colere,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

templum religiosissime colere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

natalem religiosius celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 8.—

Considerately, scrupulously, punctually, exactly, conscientiously:

testimonium dicere,

Cic. Cael. 22, 55; cf. Plin. Pan. 65, 2:

commendare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17 fin.:

nihil religiose administrabat,

Col. 3, 10, 7; cf. id. 8, 5, 11:

quicquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat,

considerately, cautiously, Nep. Att. 15:

religiosius rem rusticam colere,

Col. 11, 2, 95:

poëticen religiosissime veneror,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 2.

rĕlĭgĭōsus (in the poets also rellig-), a, um, adj. [religio], reverencing or fearing God ( the gods), pious, devout, religious:

qui omnia quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72 (cf. religio init.):

religiosi dicuntur, qui faciendarum praetermittendarumque rerum divinarum secundum morem civitatis delectum habent, nec se superstitionibus implicant,

Fest. p. 289, 15 Müll.:

naturā sancti et religiosi,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

asotos ita non religiosos ut edant de patellā,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 22:

si magis religiosa fuerit,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 37:

nostri majores, religiosissimi mortales,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

mortuis religiosa jura tribuere,

religious rites, Cic. Lael. 4, 13:

mores justi, integri, religiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184: amicitiae religiosā quādam necessitudine imbutae, quint. 1, 2, 20: hominem occidere religiosissimum erat, was a thing exceedingly pious or pleasing to the gods, Plin. 30, 1, 4, § 13; cf.:

aliqui nomine quoque consalutare religiosius putant, etc.,

id. 28, 2, 5, § 23:

Judaei, viri religiosi,

Vulg. Act. 2, 5.—

Eccl. Lat., of or belonging to the clergy, clerical (opp. saecularis), Salv. Avar. 3, 5.—

Transf. (acc. to religio, II.).

Subject., religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous:

civitas religiosa, in principiis maxime novorum bellorum... ne quid praetermitteretur, quod aliquando factum esset. ludos Jovi donumque vovere consulem jussit,

Liv. 31, 9:

per hos quoque dies abstinent terrenis operibus religiosiores agricolae,

Col. 11, 2, 98; 11, 3, 62:

quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere,

was a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 2, 5; 3, 22; 5, 52; 6, 27; cf.:

religiosum est, quod jurati legibus judicarunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48.—

Overscrupulous, over-anxious, superstitious (rare and only ante-class.): religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas, Poët. ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1:

ecquis incultior, religiosior, desertior? Cato ap. Fest. s. v. repulsior, p. 236: ut stultae et miserae sumus Religiosae,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 37.—

In gen., scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate, conscientious:

religiosus est non modo deorum sanctitatem magni aestimans, sed etiam officiosus adversus homines,

Fest. p. 278 Müll.:

quod et in re misericordem se praebuerit et in testimoniis religiosum,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 26:

testis religiosissimus,

id. Vatin. 1, 1:

natio minime in testimoniis dicendis religiosa,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

judex,

Quint. 4, 1, 9:

quem rerum Romanarum auctorem laudare possum religiosissimum,

Cic. Brut. 11, 44:

ad Atticorum aures teretes et religiosas qui se accommodant,

id. Or. 9, 27:

ephorus vero non est religiosissimae fidei,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 2:

religiosissimis verbis jurare,

Petr. 21. —

Of the objects of religious veneration (temples, statues, utensils, etc.), holy, sacred:

templum sane sanctum et religiosum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 65:

signum sacrum ac religiosum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127;

and so with sacer,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

dies,

Suet. Tib. 61:

ex Aesculapi religiosissimo fano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93:

Ceres antiquissima, religiosissima,

id. ib. 2, 4, 49, § 109; cf.:

religiosissimum simulacrum Jovis Imperatoris,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: altaria,

id. Planc. 35, 68:

deorum limina,

Verg. A. 2, 365:

loca,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

sacra religiosissima,

Vell. 2, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 7:

vestes,

id. Tib. 36; id. Oth. 12:

simulacra,

Sedul. 1, 227:

divini juris sunt veluti res sacrae et religiosae... (sunt res) religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3 sq. —

Esp.: dies religiosus, a day upon which it was unlucky to undertake any thing important, a day of evil omen, e. g. the dies Alliensis, the dies atri, etc., Cic. Att. 9, 5, 2; Lucil. ap. Non. 379, 19; Liv. 6, 1; 26, 17; 37, 33; Suet. Tib. 61; id. Claud. 14 al.; cf. Gell. 4, 9, 4; and Fest. s. h. v. p. 231.—

Solum religiosum, land consecrated by the burial of the dead, Gai. Inst. 2, 6 sq.—Hence, adv.: rē̆lĭgĭōsē.

Piously, religiously:

religiosius deos colere,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

templum religiosissime colere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

natalem religiosius celebrare,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 8.—

Considerately, scrupulously, punctually, exactly, conscientiously:

testimonium dicere,

Cic. Cael. 22, 55; cf. Plin. Pan. 65, 2:

commendare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17 fin.:

nihil religiose administrabat,

Col. 3, 10, 7; cf. id. 8, 5, 11:

quicquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat,

considerately, cautiously, Nep. Att. 15:

religiosius rem rusticam colere,

Col. 11, 2, 95:

poëticen religiosissime veneror,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 2.

sancĭo, xi, ctum, 4 ( pluperf. sancierat, Pompon. ap. Diom. p. 368 P.; id. ap. Prisc. p. 904 ib.:

sancivi,

Prisc. 904; Diom. 368; part. perf. sancitum, Lucr. 1, 587; Cass. Sev. ap. Diom. l. l.), v. a. [Sanscr. root sac, sak, to accompany, honor (cf. sequor); whence also sacer; cf. Gr. HaG, hagios, hagnos], to render sacred or inviolable by a religious act; to appoint as sacred or inviolable.

Lit., mostly of legal ordinances or other public proceedings, to fix unalterably; to establish, appoint, decree, ordain; also, to make irrevocable or unalterable; to enact, confirm, ratify, sanction (freq. and class.; cf.: caveo, scisco).

Sancire legem (jus, foedus, etc.):

legibus istis, quas senatus de ambitu sancire voluerit, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 18, 44:

Cretum leges, quas sive Juppiter sive Minos sanxit,

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; cf.:

quasdam leges ex integro sanxit,

Suet. Aug. 34; and:

sancire legem, Ne quis, etc.,

Liv. 3, 55:

tabulas Quas bis quinque viri sanxerunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 24:

quam temere in nosmet legem sancimus iniquam,

id. S. 1, 3, 67:

legem sanciendo,

Liv. 3, 55 et saep.— Pass.:

haec igitur lex sanciatur, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 12, 40, and 13, 44; cf.:

M. Valerius consul de provocatione legem tulit diligentius sanctam,

Liv. 10, 9:

sacrosanctum esse nihil potest, nisi quod populus plebesve sanxisset,

Cic. Balb. 14, 33:

sanxisset jura nobis,

id. Rep. 3, 11, 18: jus utile civitati, Pompon. ap. Prisc. p. 904:

in quibus (legibus) illa eadem sancta sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123:

cum aut morte tuā sancienda sint consulum imperia, aut impunitate in perpetuum abroganda,

Liv. 8, 7:

SENTENTIAM,

Inscr. Orell. 4405:

foedus,

to ratify the treaty, Liv. 1, 24; so Cic. Sest. 10, 24:

foedera sanguine,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 5, 13; Liv. 23, 8 fin.; 25, 16; Tac. A. 12, 46; cf. poet.:

foedera fulmine,

Verg. A. 12, 200.—

Sancire lege (edicto, etc.) aliquid, de aliquā re, ut, ne, etc.:

alia moribus confirmarunt, sanxerunt autem alia legibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

genus id agrorum certo capite legis confirmari atque sanciri,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

quod aedilis plebis fuisset, contra quam sanctum legibus erat,

Liv. 30, 19:

ne res efferatur jurejurando ac fide sanciatur petunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 39, 37:

neque enim rogationibus plebisve scitis sancta sunt ista praecepta,

Quint. 2, 13, 6:

coetibus ac sacrificiis conspirationem civitatum,

Tac. Agr. 27:

eadem fuit (causa) nihil de hac re lege sanciendi,

Liv. 34, 4:

nihil lege ullā in alios sanxit,

Just. 3, 2, 8:

de jure praediorum sanctum apud nos est jure civili, ut, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 65:

inhumanissimā lege sanxerunt, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:

habeat legibus sanctum, Si quis...uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20:

lege naturae, communi jure gentium sanctum est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Har. Resp. 14, 32:

primo duodecim tabulis sanctum, ne quis, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 16:

Flaccus sanxit edicto, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 28, 67:

in omne tempus gravi documento sancirent, ne, etc.,

Liv. 28, 19:

nec, quominus id postea liceret, ulla lex sanxit,

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3.—

Without abl.:

de quibus confirmandis et sanciendis legem comitiis centuriatis laturus est,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

acta Caesaris,

id. Att. 14, 21, 2:

quae dubia sunt, per vos sancire vult,

id. Agr. 3 4, 13:

augurem Jovis optimi maximi,

id. Phil. 13, 5, 12:

cum de eo nihil sanxerit, quod antea commissum non erat,

id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70:

quid est, quod tam accurate tamque diligenter caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101.—

With acc. and inf.:

rursus fide sanxerunt liberos Tarentinos leges suaque omnia habituros,

Liv. 25, 8:

omnes liberos esse sanxit,

Suet. Claud. 25.—

Lex sancit, decrees, ordains (with acc. or obj.-clause):

at hoc Valeria lex non dicit, Corneliae leges non sanciunt,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 8:

consularis lex sanxit, ne qui magistratus sine provocatione crearetur,

id. Rep. 2, 31, 54; cf.:

res et ab naturā profectas et ab consuetudine probatas, legum metus et religio sanxit,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 160.—

Poet., with relative-clause:

quid quaeque queant, per foedera naturaï, Quid porro nequeant, sancitum quandoquidem exstat,

Lucr. 1, 587. —

To render sacred to any one, to devote, consecrate, dedicate:

sancire alicui carmina,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 215; cf. id. Th. 11, 344: templum, Coripp. 4, 264.—

Transf., to forbid under pain of punishment, to enact a penalty against (very rare):

incestum pontifices supplicio sanciunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf.:

noxiae poena par esto, ut in suo vitio quisque plectatur: vis capite, avaritia multa, honoris cupiditas ignominiā sanciatur,

id. ib. 3, 20, 46; id. Planc. 19, 47:

hoc (sc. insidiae) quamquam video neque more turpe haberi, neque aut lege sanciri aut jure civili: tamen naturae lege sanctum est,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

erranti viam non monstrare, quod Athenis exsecrationibus publicis sanctum est,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55:

Solon capite sanxit, si qui in seditione non alterius utrius partis fuisset,

made it a capital offence, id. Att. 10, 1, 2.—With abl. of fine:

injurias factas quinque et viginti assibus sanxerunt,

Gell. 20, 1, 31.—Hence, sanc-tus, a, um, P. a.

Orig., rendered sacred, established as inviolable, i. e. sacred, inviolable (whereas sacer signifies consecrated to a deity. Thus, e. g., a temple, grove, or the like, is sacer locus;

but sanctus locus is any public place which it is forbidden to injure or disturb. A sacer locus is also sanctus, but the converse is not always true): proprie dicimus sancta, quae neque sacra neque profana sunt, sed sanctione quādam confirmata, ut leges sanctae sunt, quia sanctione quādam sunt subnixae. Quod enim sanctione quādam subnixum est, id sanctum est, etsi deo non sit consecratum,

Dig. 1, 8, 9:

sanctum est, quod ab injuriā hominum defensum atque munitum est...In municipiis quoque muros esse sanctos,

ib. 1, 8, 8; cf.:

sanctae res, veluti muri et portae,

ib. 1, 8, 1:

campus,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

tribuni ejus (plebis) essent sanctique sunto,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 9 (cf. sacrosanctus):

societas,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26; id. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

fides induciarum,

Liv. 8, 37:

nullum esse officium, nullum jus tam sanctum atque integrum, quod non ejus scelus atque perfidia violarit et imminuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 109; so,

officium,

id. Quint. 6, 26:

poëtae...poëtae nomen,

id. Arch. 8, 18 sq. —Hence, aerarium sanctius, a special treasure of the State, which was only to be used in cases of extreme necessity (v. aerarium).—Of persons:

hospites ab injuriā prohibent sanctosque habent,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23:

ut vestris etiam legionibus sanctus essem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 60:

uxor,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 30.—Because to the idea of inviolability is readily attached that of exalted worth, of sacredness, or divinity (as, on the contrary, our word sacred afterward received the meaning of inviolable, e. g. sacred rights, a sacred promise, sacred honor, etc.), sanctus denotes,

Venerable, august, divine, sacred, pure, holy (very freq. and class.); of a divinity, and of things in any way belonging to one: Saturno sancte create, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 607 Vahl.): Juno Saturnia sancta dearum, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 ib.): teque pater Tiberine (veneror) tuo cum flumine sancto, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 55 ib.):

numen,

Lucr. 5, 309; 6, 70:

sedes deum,

id. 5, 147; Cic. Rep. 5, 5, 7:

fana,

Lucr. 5, 74:

delubra,

id. 6, 417; 6, 1272:

sanctus augustusque fons,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

sanctior dies (with sollemnis),

Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

ignes (of a sacrifice),

Verg. A. 3, 406 et saep.—

After Augustus,

a title given to the emperors, Ov. F. 2, 127; Val. Fl. 1, 11:

sanctius et reverentius est visum nomen Augusti,

Flor. 4, 12, 66:

intra limina sanctioris aulae,

Mart. 5, 6, 8 (al. aevi):

amicitiae sanctum et venerabile nomen,

Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 15:

libertas,

Liv. 3, 52:

pudicitia,

id. 3, 52.—

Of character, morally pure, good, innocent, pious, holy, just, etc. (freq. and class.): cum esset ille vir exemplum innocentiae, cumque illo nemo neque integrior esset in civitate neque sanctior, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229; cf.:

sanctissimi viri,

id. Lael. 11, 39:

homines frugalissimi, sanctissimi,

id. Fl. 29, 71:

sancti et religiosi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; cf.:

qui sunt sancti, qui religionum colentes,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

vir in publicis religionibus foederum sanctus et diligens,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 49: veteres et sancti viri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9:

sanctius consilium,

Liv. 30, 16; cf.:

jura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum,

Verg. A. 1, 426:

da (mihi) justo sanctoque videri,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 61:

Dareus ut erat sanctus et mitis,

Curt. 3, 8, 5:

amores,

pure, chaste, Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 68; cf.:

virgines,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 27:

sanctissima conjux,

Verg. A. 11, 158:

pudor,

Tib. 1, 3, 83:

mores (with pudicitia),

Juv. 10, 298 et saep.:

me quidem id multo magis movet, quod mihi est et sanctius antiquius,

Cic. Att. 12, 19, 4:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducatur?

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6; cf.:

est et sancta et gravis oratio (Calvi),

Quint. 10, 1, 115; so comp.:

oratio,

id. 8, 3, 24:

genus orationis,

id. 4, 2, 125:

eloquentia,

Tac. Or. 4:

manus sanctas habere,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8:

sanctissima disciplina (Stoicorum),

Gell. 1, 2, 7; cf. Lucr. 3, 371. —

In eccl. Lat., substt.

sanctus, i, m., a saint, holy man:

sancti tui,

Vulg. 2 Par. 6, 41:

omnes sancti ejus,

id. Psa. 30, 24. —

sanctum, i, n., a holy place; esp.:

sanctum sanctorum,

Vulg. Exod. 26, 34 et saep.:

in sancto habitas,

id. Psa. 21, 4.—Also in plur.:

sancta sanctorum,

Vulg. Exod. 40, 11 et saep.: violare sancta, id. Judith, 9, 11. — Adv.: sanctē (acc. to B.), solemnly, conscientiously, scrupulously, religiously, with holy awe, etc.:

jurare,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112; Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 4:

adjurare,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 27; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26:

nimis sancte pius,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 8; cf.:

pie sancteque colimus naturam excellentem,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

auguste sancteque consecrare,

id. ib. 2, 24, 62:

disce verecundo sanctius ore loqui,

Mart. 8, 1, 2:

multa sunt severius scripta quam in antiquis legibus et sanctius,

Cic. Rab. Post. 4, 8:

se sanctissime gerere,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 13:

te sancte precor,

Liv. 2, 10:

illae (tabulae) servantur sancte,

scrupulously, religiously, Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 7; cf.:

me ea, quae tibi promitto ac recipio, sanctissime esse observaturum,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 5:

virgines tam sancte habuit,

Curt. 3, 12, 21:

exempla conservatae sanctissime utrobique opinionis,

Quint. 1, 2, 4:

apud Sallustium dicta sancte et antique,

purely, chastely, id. 8, 3, 44.

sancĭo, xi, ctum, 4 ( pluperf. sancierat, Pompon. ap. Diom. p. 368 P.; id. ap. Prisc. p. 904 ib.:

sancivi,

Prisc. 904; Diom. 368; part. perf. sancitum, Lucr. 1, 587; Cass. Sev. ap. Diom. l. l.), v. a. [Sanscr. root sac, sak, to accompany, honor (cf. sequor); whence also sacer; cf. Gr. HaG, hagios, hagnos], to render sacred or inviolable by a religious act; to appoint as sacred or inviolable.

Lit., mostly of legal ordinances or other public proceedings, to fix unalterably; to establish, appoint, decree, ordain; also, to make irrevocable or unalterable; to enact, confirm, ratify, sanction (freq. and class.; cf.: caveo, scisco).

Sancire legem (jus, foedus, etc.):

legibus istis, quas senatus de ambitu sancire voluerit, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 18, 44:

Cretum leges, quas sive Juppiter sive Minos sanxit,

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; cf.:

quasdam leges ex integro sanxit,

Suet. Aug. 34; and:

sancire legem, Ne quis, etc.,

Liv. 3, 55:

tabulas Quas bis quinque viri sanxerunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 24:

quam temere in nosmet legem sancimus iniquam,

id. S. 1, 3, 67:

legem sanciendo,

Liv. 3, 55 et saep.— Pass.:

haec igitur lex sanciatur, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 12, 40, and 13, 44; cf.:

M. Valerius consul de provocatione legem tulit diligentius sanctam,

Liv. 10, 9:

sacrosanctum esse nihil potest, nisi quod populus plebesve sanxisset,

Cic. Balb. 14, 33:

sanxisset jura nobis,

id. Rep. 3, 11, 18: jus utile civitati, Pompon. ap. Prisc. p. 904:

in quibus (legibus) illa eadem sancta sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123:

cum aut morte tuā sancienda sint consulum imperia, aut impunitate in perpetuum abroganda,

Liv. 8, 7:

SENTENTIAM,

Inscr. Orell. 4405:

foedus,

to ratify the treaty, Liv. 1, 24; so Cic. Sest. 10, 24:

foedera sanguine,

id. post Red. ad Quir. 5, 13; Liv. 23, 8 fin.; 25, 16; Tac. A. 12, 46; cf. poet.:

foedera fulmine,

Verg. A. 12, 200.—

Sancire lege (edicto, etc.) aliquid, de aliquā re, ut, ne, etc.:

alia moribus confirmarunt, sanxerunt autem alia legibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

genus id agrorum certo capite legis confirmari atque sanciri,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

quod aedilis plebis fuisset, contra quam sanctum legibus erat,

Liv. 30, 19:

ne res efferatur jurejurando ac fide sanciatur petunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 39, 37:

neque enim rogationibus plebisve scitis sancta sunt ista praecepta,

Quint. 2, 13, 6:

coetibus ac sacrificiis conspirationem civitatum,

Tac. Agr. 27:

eadem fuit (causa) nihil de hac re lege sanciendi,

Liv. 34, 4:

nihil lege ullā in alios sanxit,

Just. 3, 2, 8:

de jure praediorum sanctum apud nos est jure civili, ut, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 65:

inhumanissimā lege sanxerunt, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 37, 63; cf.:

habeat legibus sanctum, Si quis...uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20:

lege naturae, communi jure gentium sanctum est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Har. Resp. 14, 32:

primo duodecim tabulis sanctum, ne quis, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 16:

Flaccus sanxit edicto, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 28, 67:

in omne tempus gravi documento sancirent, ne, etc.,

Liv. 28, 19:

nec, quominus id postea liceret, ulla lex sanxit,

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3.—

Without abl.:

de quibus confirmandis et sanciendis legem comitiis centuriatis laturus est,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

acta Caesaris,

id. Att. 14, 21, 2:

quae dubia sunt, per vos sancire vult,

id. Agr. 3 4, 13:

augurem Jovis optimi maximi,

id. Phil. 13, 5, 12:

cum de eo nihil sanxerit, quod antea commissum non erat,

id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70:

quid est, quod tam accurate tamque diligenter caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101.—

With acc. and inf.:

rursus fide sanxerunt liberos Tarentinos leges suaque omnia habituros,

Liv. 25, 8:

omnes liberos esse sanxit,

Suet. Claud. 25.—

Lex sancit, decrees, ordains (with acc. or obj.-clause):

at hoc Valeria lex non dicit, Corneliae leges non sanciunt,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 8:

consularis lex sanxit, ne qui magistratus sine provocatione crearetur,

id. Rep. 2, 31, 54; cf.:

res et ab naturā profectas et ab consuetudine probatas, legum metus et religio sanxit,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 160.—

Poet., with relative-clause:

quid quaeque queant, per foedera naturaï, Quid porro nequeant, sancitum quandoquidem exstat,

Lucr. 1, 587. —

To render sacred to any one, to devote, consecrate, dedicate:

sancire alicui carmina,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 215; cf. id. Th. 11, 344: templum, Coripp. 4, 264.—

Transf., to forbid under pain of punishment, to enact a penalty against (very rare):

incestum pontifices supplicio sanciunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf.:

noxiae poena par esto, ut in suo vitio quisque plectatur: vis capite, avaritia multa, honoris cupiditas ignominiā sanciatur,

id. ib. 3, 20, 46; id. Planc. 19, 47:

hoc (sc. insidiae) quamquam video neque more turpe haberi, neque aut lege sanciri aut jure civili: tamen naturae lege sanctum est,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

erranti viam non monstrare, quod Athenis exsecrationibus publicis sanctum est,

id. ib. 3, 13, 55:

Solon capite sanxit, si qui in seditione non alterius utrius partis fuisset,

made it a capital offence, id. Att. 10, 1, 2.—With abl. of fine:

injurias factas quinque et viginti assibus sanxerunt,

Gell. 20, 1, 31.—Hence, sanc-tus, a, um, P. a.

Orig., rendered sacred, established as inviolable, i. e. sacred, inviolable (whereas sacer signifies consecrated to a deity. Thus, e. g., a temple, grove, or the like, is sacer locus;

but sanctus locus is any public place which it is forbidden to injure or disturb. A sacer locus is also sanctus, but the converse is not always true): proprie dicimus sancta, quae neque sacra neque profana sunt, sed sanctione quādam confirmata, ut leges sanctae sunt, quia sanctione quādam sunt subnixae. Quod enim sanctione quādam subnixum est, id sanctum est, etsi deo non sit consecratum,

Dig. 1, 8, 9:

sanctum est, quod ab injuriā hominum defensum atque munitum est...In municipiis quoque muros esse sanctos,

ib. 1, 8, 8; cf.:

sanctae res, veluti muri et portae,

ib. 1, 8, 1:

campus,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

tribuni ejus (plebis) essent sanctique sunto,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 9 (cf. sacrosanctus):

societas,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26; id. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

fides induciarum,

Liv. 8, 37:

nullum esse officium, nullum jus tam sanctum atque integrum, quod non ejus scelus atque perfidia violarit et imminuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 109; so,

officium,

id. Quint. 6, 26:

poëtae...poëtae nomen,

id. Arch. 8, 18 sq. —Hence, aerarium sanctius, a special treasure of the State, which was only to be used in cases of extreme necessity (v. aerarium).—Of persons:

hospites ab injuriā prohibent sanctosque habent,

Caes. B. G. 6, 23:

ut vestris etiam legionibus sanctus essem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 60:

uxor,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 30.—Because to the idea of inviolability is readily attached that of exalted worth, of sacredness, or divinity (as, on the contrary, our word sacred afterward received the meaning of inviolable, e. g. sacred rights, a sacred promise, sacred honor, etc.), sanctus denotes,

Venerable, august, divine, sacred, pure, holy (very freq. and class.); of a divinity, and of things in any way belonging to one: Saturno sancte create, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 607 Vahl.): Juno Saturnia sancta dearum, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 576 (Ann. v. 65 ib.): teque pater Tiberine (veneror) tuo cum flumine sancto, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 55 ib.):

numen,

Lucr. 5, 309; 6, 70:

sedes deum,

id. 5, 147; Cic. Rep. 5, 5, 7:

fana,

Lucr. 5, 74:

delubra,

id. 6, 417; 6, 1272:

sanctus augustusque fons,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

sanctior dies (with sollemnis),

Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

ignes (of a sacrifice),

Verg. A. 3, 406 et saep.—

After Augustus,

a title given to the emperors, Ov. F. 2, 127; Val. Fl. 1, 11:

sanctius et reverentius est visum nomen Augusti,

Flor. 4, 12, 66:

intra limina sanctioris aulae,

Mart. 5, 6, 8 (al. aevi):

amicitiae sanctum et venerabile nomen,

Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 15:

libertas,

Liv. 3, 52:

pudicitia,

id. 3, 52.—

Of character, morally pure, good, innocent, pious, holy, just, etc. (freq. and class.): cum esset ille vir exemplum innocentiae, cumque illo nemo neque integrior esset in civitate neque sanctior, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229; cf.:

sanctissimi viri,

id. Lael. 11, 39:

homines frugalissimi, sanctissimi,

id. Fl. 29, 71:

sancti et religiosi,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44; cf.:

qui sunt sancti, qui religionum colentes,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

vir in publicis religionibus foederum sanctus et diligens,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 19, § 49: veteres et sancti viri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9:

sanctius consilium,

Liv. 30, 16; cf.:

jura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum,

Verg. A. 1, 426:

da (mihi) justo sanctoque videri,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 61:

Dareus ut erat sanctus et mitis,

Curt. 3, 8, 5:

amores,

pure, chaste, Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 68; cf.:

virgines,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 27:

sanctissima conjux,

Verg. A. 11, 158:

pudor,

Tib. 1, 3, 83:

mores (with pudicitia),

Juv. 10, 298 et saep.:

me quidem id multo magis movet, quod mihi est et sanctius antiquius,

Cic. Att. 12, 19, 4:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducatur?

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6; cf.:

est et sancta et gravis oratio (Calvi),

Quint. 10, 1, 115; so comp.:

oratio,

id. 8, 3, 24:

genus orationis,

id. 4, 2, 125:

eloquentia,

Tac. Or. 4:

manus sanctas habere,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8:

sanctissima disciplina (Stoicorum),

Gell. 1, 2, 7; cf. Lucr. 3, 371. —

In eccl. Lat., substt.

sanctus, i, m., a saint, holy man:

sancti tui,

Vulg. 2 Par. 6, 41:

omnes sancti ejus,

id. Psa. 30, 24. —

sanctum, i, n., a holy place; esp.:

sanctum sanctorum,

Vulg. Exod. 26, 34 et saep.:

in sancto habitas,

id. Psa. 21, 4.—Also in plur.:

sancta sanctorum,

Vulg. Exod. 40, 11 et saep.: violare sancta, id. Judith, 9, 11. — Adv.: sanctē (acc. to B.), solemnly, conscientiously, scrupulously, religiously, with holy awe, etc.:

jurare,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 112; Ter. Hec. 1, 1, 4:

adjurare,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 27; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26:

nimis sancte pius,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 8; cf.:

pie sancteque colimus naturam excellentem,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

auguste sancteque consecrare,

id. ib. 2, 24, 62:

disce verecundo sanctius ore loqui,

Mart. 8, 1, 2:

multa sunt severius scripta quam in antiquis legibus et sanctius,

Cic. Rab. Post. 4, 8:

se sanctissime gerere,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 13:

te sancte precor,

Liv. 2, 10:

illae (tabulae) servantur sancte,

scrupulously, religiously, Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 7; cf.:

me ea, quae tibi promitto ac recipio, sanctissime esse observaturum,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 5:

virgines tam sancte habuit,

Curt. 3, 12, 21:

exempla conservatae sanctissime utrobique opinionis,

Quint. 1, 2, 4:

apud Sallustium dicta sancte et antique,

purely, chastely, id. 8, 3, 44.