really+and+truly

ἀλήθεια, ας, ἡ (cp. λανθάνω ‘escape notice’ s. DELG s.v. λανθάνω; Schwyzer I 469; Hom. +) prim. ‘hiding nothing’.

① the quality of being in accord with what is true, truthfulness, dependability, uprightness in thought and deed (Alcaeus 57 [366 L.-P.]; Mimnermus 8 al.) of God (Gen 24:27 al.) Ro 3:7; 15:8. Of people (Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78; Arrian, Anab. 7, 30, 3; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 11, 6; 4 Km 20:3; Judg 9:15f al.; EpArist 206) ἐν ἀ. λαλεῖν speak truthfully 2 Cor 7:14; (w. εἰλικρίνεια) 1 Cor 5:8; (w. ἀγαθωσύνη and δικαιοσύνη) Eph 5:9; 1 Cl 19:1; 31:2; 35:2; Pol 2:1; ἐν πάσῃ ἀ. w. perfect fidelity 4:2.—Hm 8:9; 12, 3, 1; Hs 9, 15, 2.

② the content of what is true, truth (opp. ψεῦδος)

ⓐ gener. ἀ. λαλεῖν tell the truth (Zech 8:16) Eph 4:25; Hm 3:5; 2 Cl 12:3. ἀ. λέγειν (Hdt. 2, 115 al.; PGiss 84, 14 [II A.D.] τὴν ἀ. εἰπεῖν) Ro 9:1; 1 Ti 2:7. Fut. ἀ. ἐρῶ 2 Cor 12:6. ἀ. ἀγαπᾶν Hm 3:1. Opp. ψεύδεσθαι κατὰ τῆς ἀ. lie against the truth Js 3:14; εἶπεν αὐτῷ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ. she told him the whole truth Mk 5:33 (cp. Hdt. 9, 89; Thu. 6, 87, 1 al.; Cleopatra ln. 88; POxy 283, 13f [45 A.D.] γνωσθῆναι πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ.; Jos., Bell. 7, 31 πυθόμενος παρʼ αὐτοῦ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀ.). ἐν λόγῳ ἀληθείας by truthful speech 2 Cor 6:7; ῥήματα ἀληθείας Ac 26:25; μόρφωσις τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τῆς ἀ. embodiment of knowledge and truth Ro 2:20; ἡ ἁγνότης τῆς ἀ. the purity that belongs to truth Hv 3, 7, 3. ἔξωθεν τῆς ἀ.=ψευδής 3, 4, 3.

ⓑ esp. of the content of Christianity as the ultimate truth (cp. Plut., Mor. 351e ἀ. περὶ θεῶν; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 178, the proselyte is a μεταναστὰς εἰς ἀ.) Eph 4:21 (CScott, Exp. 8th ser. 3, 1912, 178–85; FBriggs, ET 39, 1928, 526). ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀ. the word of truth Eph 1:13; 2 Ti 2:15; Js 1:18. ὁ λόγος τῆς ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τοῦ παρόντος εἰς ὑμᾶς Col 1:5; cp. 2 Pt 1:12. ἡ ἀ. τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Gal 2:5, 14. ἔστιν ἀ. Χριστοῦ ἐν ἐμοί 2 Cor 11:10. ὁ περὶ ἀ. λόγος Pol 3:2; πείθεσθαι τῇ ἀ. Gal 5:7; πιστεύειν τῇ ἀ. 2 Th 2:12; hence πίστει ἀληθείας belief in the truth vs. 13; δύνασθαί τι κατὰ τῆς ἀ. … ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀ. 2 Cor 13:8; περιπατεῖν ἐν ἀ. 2J 4; 3J 3f (cp. 4 Km 20:3); ζῆν κατὰ ἀ. IEph 6:2; πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ἀ. Pol 5:2; ἐν ἀ. (3 Km 2:4) Hm 3:4; gird oneself w. truth Eph 6:14; cp. Hm 11:4.—Truth expresses itself in virtues like righteousness and holiness, Eph 4:24 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 67, 1 Jac. δικαιοσύνην κ. ἀλ.). Hence it is contrasted w. ἀδικία 1 Cor 13:6; Ro 1:18; 2:8. In the last-named passage a negative attitude toward the truth is called ἀπειθεῖν τῇ ἀ. Also πλανᾶσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. wander from the truth Js 5:19; ἀστοχεῖν περὶ τὴν ἀ. 2 Ti 2:18; καταστρέφειν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. Hs 6, 2, 1, cp. 4; ἀποστρέφειν τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. 2 Ti 4:4 opp. μῦθοι, cp. ἀποστρέφεσθαι Tit 1:14; ἀποστερεῖσθαι τῆς ἀ. 1 Ti 6:5; ἐρευνᾶν περὶ τῆς ἀ. make inquiries about the truth Hm 10, 1, 4; 6; ἀνθίστασθαι τῇ ἀ. oppose the truth (i.e. the gospel) 2 Ti 3:8. Opp. μῦθοι 4:4. Truth can be communicated (cp. Did., Gen. 86, 21): φανερώσει τῆς ἀ. by a clear statement of the truth 2 Cor 4:2 (sim. in later Christian prayer POxy 925, 4f φανέρωσόν μοι τὴν παρὰ σοὶ ἀλ.); is taught D 11:10; recognized 1 Ti 4:3; Hv 3, 6, 2; cp. ἐπίγνωσις τῆς ἀληθείας (Alex. Aphr., Quaest. 3, 12, II 2 p. 102, 3 γνῶσις τ. ἀληθείας) 1 Ti 2:4; 2 Ti 2:25; 3:7; Tit 1:1; Hb 10:26; ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀ.1 Ti 3:15; ὁδὸς τῆς ἀ. 2 Pt 2:2; 1 Cl 35:5 (cp. Pind., P. 3, 103; Eur., Fgm. 289; Gen 24:48 al.; En 104:13; OdeSol 11:3); ὑπακοὴ τῆς ἀ. 1 Pt 1:22; ἀγάπη τῆς ἀ. 2 Th 2:10. God is πατὴρ τῆς ἀ. 2 Cl 3:1; 20:5; φῶς ἀληθείας IPhld 2:1 (cp. Ps 42:3); θεὸς τῆς ἀ. (1 Esdr 4:40) 2 Cl 19:1; cp. 1 Cl 60:2. The reverse genitival constr. in ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:25, is best rendered truth about God (so Twentieth Century NT, NRSV) as opp. to the deception of polytheists, who in effect lie about God despite their better knowledge described vss. 19–21 (REB et al.: truth of God).—Ἀ. is a favorite word of the Joh. lit., and plays a major role in it. God’s word is truth J 17:17 (Ps 118:142). Truth w. χάρις 1:14, 17; w. πνεῦμα 4:23f; cp. ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ ἀ. 1J 3:18 (opp. λόγῳ, γλώσσῃ). W. ἀγάπη 2J 3. The Spirit leads into truth J 16:13; hence πνεῦμα τῆς ἀ. 14:17; 15:26; 16:13; 1J 4:6 (cp. Hm 3:4). πνεῦμα is identified w. ἀ. 1J 5:6; it is mediated through Christ J 1:17, who calls himself truth 14:6 (cp. PGM 5, 148 ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀλήθεια, on the other hand POxy 1380, 63 [early II A.D.] Isis is called ἀ.; Apollonaretal. Berl. Gr. Pap. 11517 [II A.D.]: Her 55, 1920, 188–95 ln. 52 Apollo as the ἀψευδὴς ἀ.; M. Ant., 9, 1, 2 God=Nature ἀλήθεια ὀνομάζεται; Lucian, Hist. Conscr. 61 says of a good history-writer: ἦν ἀλήθεια ἐπὶ πᾶσι); hence as source of praise for a Christian Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται … ὑπʼ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀ. 3J 12. One who possesses Christ knows truth (γινώσκ. τὴν ἀ. as Jos., Ant. 13, 291; Tat. 13, 1; ἀληθείας γνῶσις: Maximus Tyr. 26, 5b; Did., Gen. 116, 17) J 8:32; (cp. 1QS 5:10); 2J 1; does the truth J 3:21, cp. 1J 1:6 (ποιεῖν τὴν ἀ. Gen 32:11; 47:29; Is 26:10 al.; TestReub 6:9; TestBenj 10:3; ἔλεος καὶ ἀ. PsSol 17:15); stands in the truth J 8:44; is of the truth 18:37; cp. 1J 2:21; 3:19 (ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας=corresponding to the truth PTurin I, 6, 13). The truth sets one free J 8:32, but is not present in those who deny the fact of sin in their lives 1J 1:8 or do not heed Christ’s commands. Christ proclaims this truth: λέγειν (Jos., Ant. 10, 124) J 8:45f; 16:7; λαλεῖν 8:40 (also λαλεῖν ἐν ἀ. IEph 6:2); μαρτυρεῖν τῇ ἀ. 18:37. As John the Baptist witnesses to Jesus, he witnesses to the truth 5:33; cp. μαρτυρούντων σου τῇ ἀληθείᾳ bear witness to your ( fidelity to the) truth 3J 3; ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀ. vs. 8. In Pilate’s question τί ἐστιν ἀ.; J 18:38 the worldling speaks (cp. 4 Macc 5:10). Opp. θάνατος ISm 5:1.—Mlt-Turner 177f.

③ an actual event or state, reality (Diogenes 21 p. 114, 10 al. Malherbe; Mel., P. 4, 33; 42, 289 [opp. τύπος] Diod S 2, 8, 4) as opposed to mere appearance (opp. πρόφασις) Phil 1:18. κατὰ ἀλήθειαν rightly Ro 2:2 (cp. Diod S 4, 64, 2 οἱ κατʼ ἀλήθειαν γονεῖς; M. Ant. 2, 11, 3; 4, 11; Damianus of Larissa p. 20, 2 [ed. Schöne 1897]; PCairZen 202, 7 [254 B.C.]; EpArist 140; 4 Macc 5:18; Just. A I, 2, 1; Ath., R. 66, 11; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 13, 84; PGM 12, 235). ἐν ἀληθείᾳ indeed, truly (Jer 33:15; ἀγαπᾶν PsSol 6:6; 10:3; 14:1 al.) Mt 22:16; J 17:19; 1 Cl 63:1 (s. also 2b on 1J 3:18). ἐπιγινώσκειν τὴν χάριν ἐν ἀλ. Col 1:6; οὓς ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀλ. 2J 1, cp. 3J 1, belongs here (like the epist. formulas PFay 118, 26; 119, 26 [100–110 A.D.] τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς πρὸς ἀ.=‘really and truly’). ἐπʼ ἀληθείας in accordance w. the truth, truly (Demosth. 18, 17; SIG 495, 174 [III B.C.]; PAmh 68, 33; POxy 480, 9; Job, Da; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 60; 248): διδάσκειν Mk 12:14; Lk 20:21; εἰπεῖν Mk 12:32; λέγειν Lk 4:25; συνάγεσθαι Ac 4:27; καταλαμβάνεσθαι 10:34; τελειοῦν 1 Cl 23:5; ἐπιστέλλειν 47:3; ἐπʼ ἀ. καὶ οὗτος μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἦν certainly this fellow (s. οὗτος 1aα) was with him, too Lk 22:59.—GStorz, Gebr. u. Bedeutungsentwicklg v. ἀλήθεια u. begriffsverwandten Wörtern, diss. Tüb. 1922; WLuther, ‘Wahrheit’ u. ‘Lüge’ im ältest. Griechentum ’35; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II ’66, 118–44; I de la Potterie, TU 73, ’59, 277–94 (John); BJackayya, CTM 41, ’70, 171–75 (John); RBultmann, Untersuchungen z. J. Ἀλήθεια: ZNW 27, 1928, 113–63.—EDNT. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ὄντως, Adv. part. of εἰμί

A (sum), really, actually, verily, with Verbs, E.HF 610, Ion 223 (lyr.), IA[1622], Ar.Nu.86, Pl. 286, 289, Herod. 4.65, etc.; ὄντως τε καὶ ἀληθῶς really and truly, Pl.Sph. 263d ;

ὄ. φιλοσοφεῖν Epicur.Fr. 220

; opp. to ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, Pl.Lg. 656e ; to εἰκότως, Antipho 2.2.10 and 4.10 : in Pl. with the part. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν, to imply real existence, Phdr. 247c, 247e, R. 597d : also with Nouns,

τὰ ὄντως ἀγαθά Id.Phdr. 260a

;

ὅ γε ὄντως φιλομαθής Id.R. 490a

;

ὄντως ἑταίρας Antiph.212.6

, cf. Men.367, etc.: not used by Th. or Arist., nor in [dialect] Ion. ( ἐόντως is not found) ; more freq in the later dialogues of Pl. than in the earlier.

δίκαιος [ῐ], α, ον, also ος, ον E.Heracl. 901 (lyr.), IT 1202, D.S.5.72: ([etym.] δίκη):

A in Hom. and all writers, of persons, observant of custom or rule, Od.3.52; esp. of social rule, well-ordered, civilized,

ὑβρισταί τε καὶ ἄγριοι οὐδὲ δ. 9.175

, cf. 8.575; [

Γαλακτοφάγοι] δικαιότατοι Il.13.6

; [

Χείρων] δικαιότατος Κενταύρων 11.832

, cf. Thgn.314, 794; δ. πολίτης a good citizen, D.3.21, etc.: metaph. of the sea, Sol.12.2 ([comp] Sup.); δικαίη ζόη a civilized way of living, Hdt.2.177. Adv. δικαίως, μνᾶσθαι woo in due form, decently, Od.14.90;

ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον δ. εἶχον

loyally,

S.Ant. 292

.

2 observant of duty to gods and men, righteous, Od.13.209, etc.;

δ. πρὸς πᾶσαν ὁμιλίην Hp.Medic. 2

;

ἰθὺς καὶ δ. Hdt.1.96

; opp. δυσσεβής, A.Th. 598, cf. 610;

δ. καὶ ὅσιος Pl.Grg. 507b

;

δικαίων ἀδίκους φρένας παρασπᾷς S.Ant. 791

(lyr.); also of actions, etc., righteous, ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίῳ a thing rightly said, Od.18.414, etc.

3 ὁ δίκαιος, euphem. of a sacred snake, GDI 5056 ([place name] Crete).

B later:

I equal, even, well-balanced, ἅρμα δίκαιον evengoing chariot, X.Cyr.2.2.26: so metaph.,

νωμᾷ δικαίῳ πηδαλίῳ στρατόν Pi.P.1.86

;

δικαιόταται ἀντιρροπαί Hp.Art.7

; δικαιότατα μοχλεύειν ibid.: hence, fair, impartial,

βάσανος Antipho 1.8

;

συγγραφεύς Luc.Hist.Conscr.39

.

b legally exact, precise, τῷ δικαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων to speak quite exactly, Hdt.7.108, cf. Th.3.44; of Numbers,

αἱ ἑκατὸν ὀργυιαὶ δίκαιαι Hdt.2.149

. Adv.

-αίως, πάντα δ. ὑμῖν τετήρηται D.21.3

; δ. ἐξετάζειν ib.154.

2 lawful, just, esp. τὸ δ. right, opp. τὸ ἄδικον, Hdt.1.96, A.Pr. 189 (lyr.), etc.;

τὸ δ. τὸ νόμιμον καὶ τὸ ἴσον Arist.EN 1129a34

; δ. διορθωτικόν, διανεμητικόν, ib. 1131b25, 27; τὸ πολιτικὸν δ. ib. 1134b18;

ἔστι ἐπιεικὲς τὸ παρὰ τὸν γεγραμμένον νόμον δ. Id.Rh. 1374a27

, cf. EN 1137b12;

καὶ δίκαια κἄδικα Ar. Nu.99

;

τὰ ἴσα καὶ τὰ δ. D.21.67

; τοὐμὸν δ. my own right, E.IA 810; ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τοῦτο τὸ δ. bring the case to this issue, Antipho6.24; οὐδὲν τῶν δ. ποιεῖν τινί not to do what is just and right by a man, X.HG5.3.10; τὰ δ. ἔχειν, λαμβάνειν, receive one's due, Id.An.7.7.14, 17; τὰ δ. πράττεσθαι πόλιν give a city its deserts, A.Ag. 812; ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου, = δικαίως, Ar.Av. 1435, cf. Th.2.89; so ἀπὸ τοῦ δικαίου, τῶν δικαίων, Inscr.Prien.50.8 (ii B. C.), 123.8 (i B. C.);

μετὰ τοῦ δ. Lys.2.12

, D.21.177; τὸ δίκαιον lawful claim, ἃ ἔχομεν δίκαια πρός .. Th.3.54, cf. D. 21.179, Plu.Luc.3, etc.; τὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους δ. mutual obligations or contracts, Plb.3.21.10; ἐπὶ συγκειμένοις τισὶ δικαίοις on certain agreed terms, D.H.3.51. Adv.

- αίως

rightly, justly,

Hdt.6.137

;

μεῖζον ἢ δ. A.Ag. 376

(lyr.);

καὶ δ. καὶ ἀδίκως And.1.135

.

II of persons and things, meet and right, fitting,

δ. τοῦδε τοῦ φόνου ῥαφεύς A.Ag. 1604

;

κόσμος οὐ φέρειν δ. Id.Eu.55

; ἵππον δ. ποιεῖσθαί τινι make a horse fit for another's use, X.Mem.4.4.5, cf. Cyn.7.4 (ἵππος δ. τὴν σιαγόνα having a good mouth, Poll.1.196).

b normal,

σχήματα Hp.Art.69

;

φύσις Id.Fract.1

([comp] Sup.).

2 real, genuine,

γόνος S.Fr.[1119]

;

ποιῶν τὰ ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ δ. Supp.Epigr.2.184.7

(Tanagra, ii B. C.). Adv., εἴπερ δικαίως ἐστ' ἐμός really and truly mine, S.Aj. 547, cf.Pl.Cra. 418e.

3 ὁ δ. λόγος the plea of equity, Th.1.76. Adv.

- αίως

with reason,

Id.6.34

, cf. S.OT 675: [comp] Comp.

- ότερον Ar.V. 1149

, etc.; also

- οτέρως Isoc. 15.170

: [comp] Sup.

- ότατα Ar.Av. 1222

; [dialect] Aeol.

δικαίτατα IG12(2).526c17

([place name] Eresus).

III ψυχὴ ἐς τὸ δ. ἔβη 'the land of the leal', IG7.2543.3 ([place name] Thebes).

C in Prose, δίκαιός εἰμι, c. inf., δίκαιοί ἐστε ἰέναι you are bound to come, Hdt.9.60, cf. 8.137;

δ. εἰμεν ἔχειν Id.9.27

; δ. εἰμι κολάζειν I have a right to punish, Ar.Nu. 1434, cf. S.Ant. 400;

δ. ἐστι περιπεσεῖν κακοῖς Antipho 3.3.7

; δ. εἰσι ἀπιστότατοι εἶναι they have most reason to distrust, Th.4.17;

δ. βλάπτεσθαι Lys.20.12

;

δ. ἐστιν ἀπολωλέναι

dignus est qui pereat,

D.6.37

; ὁ σπουδαῖος ἄρχειν δ. has a right to.., Arist.Pol. 1287b12; with a non-personal subject,

ἔλεος δ. ἀντιδίδοσθαι Th.3.40

: less freq. in [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup.,

δικαιότεροι χαρίσασθαι Lys.20.34

;

δικαιότατος εἶ ἀπαγγέλλειν Pl.Smp. 172b

; but δίκαιόν ἐστι is also found, Hdt.1.39, A.Pr. 611, etc.: pl.,

δίκαια γὰρ τόνδ' εὐτυχεῖν S.Aj. 1126

, cf. Tr. 495, 1116; δικαίως ἄν, c. opt., Pl. Phdr. 276a. [ δικαίων with penult. short in Orph.Fr.247.2; cf. οὐ δίκαον· οὐ δίκαιον, Hsch.]

ἀψευδ-ής, ές,

A without deceit, truthful, esp. of oracles and the like , Hes.Th. 233, Hdt.1.49, 2.152 ([comp] Sup.), al.; μάντις ἀ., of Apollo, A.Ch. 559, cf. Fr.350.5, Cratin.29 D. ([comp] Sup.);

θεός Ep.Tit.1.2

; ἀψευδεῖ τέχνῃ, of augury, A.Th.26;

ἦθος E.Supp. 869

; unerring, Pl. Tht. 160d, etc.;

μάρτυς-έστατος Ph.2.341

.

2 of things, uncorrupt, pure from all deceit,

ἀ. πρὸς ἄκμονι χάλκευε γλῶσσαν Pi.P.1.86

.

3 ἀψευδής, = κώνειον, Ps.-Dsc.4.78.

II Adv. -δέως, [dialect] Att.-δῶς, really and truly,

οἱ ἀ. ἄριστοι Hdt.9.58

, cf. Ph.1.19, al., Iamb.Myst.2.2: [comp] Sup.

-έστατα, ἐρεῖν Ph.1.34

.

εἰ (Hom.+)

① marker of a condition, existing in fact or hypothetical, if (B-D-F §371f, neg. §428, 1; 2; Rob., indexes; JBoyer, Grace Theological Journal 2, ’81, 75–141, marker of a ‘simple, logical connection between protasis and apodosis’).

ⓐ w. the indic.

α. in all tenses, to express a condition thought of as real or to denote assumptions relating to what has already happened εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ if you really are the Son of God Mt 4:3; sim. 5:29f; 6:23; 8:31; Ac 5:39. εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ if you call yourself a Judean Ro 2:17. εἰ κατακαυχᾶσαι, οὐ σὺ βαστάζεις if you do boast, (remember) you do not support 11:18 al. In Paul the verb is freq. missing, and is to be supplied fr. the context: εἰ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν (sc. ἐστιν), τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρόν (sc. ἐστιν) 8:10. εἰ τέκνα (sc. ἐστέ) if you are children, then … vs. 17, εἰ χάριτι (γέγονεν), οὐκέτι ἐξ ἔργων 11:6 al. The negative in clauses where the reality of the condition is taken for granted is οὐ (earlier Gk. μή [for exception s. Goodwin p. 138f]; s. B-D-F §428, 1): εἰ οὐ δύναται τοῦτο παρελθεῖν Mt 26:42. εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἀφίετε Mk 11:25 [26] v.l. εἰ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε Lk 16:11f; εἰ οὐκ ἀκούουσιν vs. 31. εἰ οὐ φοβοῦμαι Lk 18:4; cp. J 5:47; 10:37; Ro 8:9; 11:21; 1 Cor 7:9; 9:2; 11:6; 15:13ff, 29, 32; 16:22 al. εἰ is rarely found w. the future εἰ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται Mt 26:33; Mk 14:29; εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα 2 Ti 2:12 (cp. Just., A I, 31, 6 εἰ μὴ ἀρνοῖντο Ἰησοῦν); εἰ ὑπομενεῖτε 1 Pt 2:20; εἰ καὶ οὐ δώσει (class. ἐὰν καὶ μὴ δῷ B-D-F §372, 3; Rob. 1012) Lk 11:8. W. aor., when events are regarded as having taken place Mt 24:22; Mk 3:26; 13:20.

β. w. the pres., impf., aor., or plpf. indic. to express an unreal (contrary to fact) condition (B-D-F §360; 372; Rob. 1012ff). ἄν is usu. found in the apodosis (regularly in class.) εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σίδωνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, πάλαι ἂν μετενόησαν if the wonders had been done in T. and S., they would have repented long ago Mt 11:21. εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers 23:30. εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης if the master of the house had known 24:43 (cp. Just., A I, 12, 2 εἰ … ταῦτα ἐγίνωσκον; 18, 1 al.) εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν if he were a prophet, he would know Lk 7:39 al. The pres. indic. εἰ ἔχετε (v.l. εἴχετε) πίστιν … ἐλέγετε ἄν if you had faith … you would say Lk 17:6. Somet. ἄν is lacking in the apodosis (Polyaenus 2, 3, 5 εἰ ἐπεποιήκειμεν … νῦν ἐχρῆν=if we had done … it would have been necessary; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 16, 18 [II B.C.]; PRein I, 7 [II B.C.]; POxy 526, 10; 530, 8 and 17; Just., A I, 10, 6; 11:2 al.—PMelcher, De sermone Epict., diss. Halle 1905, 75; Mlt. 200f) εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος παρὰ θεοῦ, οὐκ ἠδύνατο if this man were not from God, he would not have been able to … J 9:33. εἰ μὴ ἦλθον, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν if I had not come, they would not have sin 15:22; cp. vs. 24. W. the apodosis placed first Mk 9:42 (v.l. περιέκειτο), Lk 17:2; J 19:11.

ⓑ εἰ w. subj., as καὶ εἴ τις θελήσῃ Rv 11:5 (s. 7 below), is unusual, perh. a textual error; B-D-F §372, 3 conjectures κἄν for καὶ εἰ. But εἰ w. subj. is found in the older poets and Hdt. (Kühner-G. II 474), in Aristoph., Equ. 698 et al., in var. dialects (EHermann, Griech. Forschungen I 1912, 277f) and in later times (e.g. Epict., Vett. Val., Lucian [ed. CJacobitz, Index graec. 473a]; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. p. 84, 28; 197, 9; ins [Rdm.² 199]; PRyl 234, 12; POxy 496, 11; Dt 8:5); B-D-F §372, 3; Mlt. 187; Reinhold 107; OSchulthess, AKaegi Festschr. 1919, 161f.

ⓒ εἰ w. the optative is rare: εἰ καὶ πάσχοιτε … μακάριοι even if you should suffer, … you would be blessed 1 Pt 3:14. εἰ θέλοι (v.l. θέλει) τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ if it should be God’s will vs. 17. εἴ τι ἔχοιεν (sc. κατηγορεῖν; cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 εἰ … μηδὲν ἔχοι τις ἐλέγχειν) πρὸς ἐμέ if they should have any charges to bring against me Ac 24:19. εἰ δυνατὸν εἴη (Jos., Ant. 12, 12) if it should be possible 20:16 (but s. B-D-F §385, 2; Just., A II, 15, 2 εἰ δύναιντο). εἰ τύχοι is used as a formula (oft. in later wr., incl. Philo; s. KReik, D. Opt. bei Polyb. u. Philo 1907, 154; Just., A I, 27, 3) it may be, for example, perhaps 1 Cor 15:37; used to tone down an assertion which may be too bold 14:10 (Lucian, Icar. 6 καὶ πολλάκις, εἰ τύχοι, μηδὲ ὁπόσοι στάδιοι Μεγαρόθεν Ἀθήναζέ εἰσιν, ἀκριβῶς ἐπιστάμενοι ‘and many times, so it appears, not even knowing how many stades it is from Megara to Athens’).

② marker of an indirect question as content, that (Kühner-G. II 369, 8; Rob. 965. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 67 §283 ἀγανακτέω εἰ=be exasperated that; Sir 23:14 θελήσεις εἰ μὴ ἐγεννήθης; 2 Macc 14:28; 4 Macc 2:1; 4:7. S. on θαυμάζω 1aγ) ἐθαύμασεν εἰ ἤδη τέθνηκεν he was surprised that he was already dead Mk 15:44a. μὴ θαυμάζετε εἰ μισεῖ ὑμᾶς ὁ κόσμος do not wonder that the world hates you 1J 3:13; θαυμαζόντων …, εἰ τοσαύτη σπουδὴ ἦν τοῦ συλληφθῆναι that there was such interest in arresting MPol 7:2; AcPlCor 2:2 (cp. Just., A II, 8, 3 οὐδὲν … θαυμαστόν, εἰ). Sim. also (Procop. Soph., Ep. 123 χάριν ἔχειν εἰ=that) μαρτυρόμενος … εἰ παθητὸς ὁ Χριστός testifying … that the Christ was to suffer (s. πάσχω 3aα) Ac 26:23.—οὐ μέγα εἰ it is not surprising that 2 Cor 11:15 (cp. Aeschin., In Ctes. 94 ἐστὶ δεινὸν εἰ; Diod S 23, 15, 5, παράδοξον … εἰ=incredible … that; ibid. θαυμαστὸν εἰ; Gen 45:28 μέγα μοί ἐστιν εἰ).— That is also poss. after verbs of knowing or not knowing, e.g. J 9:25; Ac 19:2b; 1 Cor 1:16; 7:16; so CBurchard, ZNW 52, ’61, 73–82 but s. 5bα.

③ marker in causal clauses, when an actual case is taken as a supposition, where we also can use if instead of since: εἰ τὸν χόρτον … ὁ θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν if God so clothes the grass Mt 6:30; Lk 12:28; cp. Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13; J 7:23; 10:35; 13:14, 17, 32; Ac 4:9; 11:17; Ro 6:8; 15:27; Col 2:20; Hb 7:15; 1 Pt 1:17; 1J 4:11.

④ marker of strong or solemn assertion, without apodosis (=in aposiopesis; B-D-F §482; Rob. 1203) εἰ ἔγνως if you only knew Lk 19:42. εἰ βούλει παρενέγκαι if you would only let (this) pass 22:42 v.l. (cp. the letter fr. IV B.C. in Dssm., LO 120, note 5 [LAE 149]).—Hebraistic in oaths, like אִם: may this or that happen to me, if … (cp. 2 Km 3:25; GBuchanan, HTR 58, ’65, 319–24); this amounts to a strong negation certainly not (cp. Ps 7:4f; Gen 14:23) ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν εἰ δοθήσεται truly, I tell you, it will not be given Mk 8:12 (NColeman, JTS 28, 1927, 159–67 interprets this as strongly positive; against him FBurkitt, ibid. 274–76). εἰ εἰσελεύσονται they shall certainly not enter Hb 3:11; 4:3, 5 (all 3 Ps 94:11); B-D-F §372, 4; 454, 5; Mlt-H. 468f; Rob. 94; 1024.

⑤ marker of direct and indirect questions (without particle following)

ⓐ (not in earlier Gk., B-D-F §440, 3; Rob. 916) w. direct questions (Gen 17:17; 44:19; Am 3:3–6; 6:12; TestAbr A 15 p.96, 8 [Stone p. 40]; 18 p. 100, 13 [St. p. 48]): εἰ ἔξεστιν; is it permitted, may one? Mt 12:10; 19:3 (cp. Mk 10:2); Lk 14:3 v.l.; Ac 21:37; 22:25. εἰ ὀλίγοι οἱ σωζόμενοι; are there only a few who will be saved? Lk 13:23; cp. Mk 8:23; Lk 22:49; Ac 1:6; 7:1; 19:2a. Cp. 6aβ.

ⓑ freq. in indir. questions whether (Hom. et al.)

α. w. pres. indic. (Gen 27:21; 42:16; TestJob 31:1; Jos., Ant. 10, 259; 16, 225; Ar 8, 1; Just., A I, 2, 2; A II, 2, 10) εἴπῃς εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός whether you are the Christ Mt 26:63. εἰ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν whether he is a sinner J 9:25; εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἔστιν whether there is a holy spirit Ac 19:2b (s. 2 above). ἴδωμεν εἰ ἔρχεται Mt 27:49; Mk 15:36 (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 20, 3 φέρʼ ἴδω εἰ=let me see whether, Merc. Cond. 6); cp. Mk 10:2; Lk 14:31; 1 Cor 3:12; 2 Cor 13:5; 1J 4:1.—W. the fut. indic. (4 Km 1:2; Job 5:1) εἰ θεραπεύσει αὐτόν whether he would heal him Mk 3:2 (v.l. θεραπεύει); Lk 6:7 v.l.; εἰ σώσεις whether you will save 1 Cor 7:16.—W. the aor. indic. (Esth 4:14; w. plpf. Just., D. 56, 2) εἰ πάλαι ἀπέθανεν whether he had already died Mk 15:44b; εἰ ἐβάπτισα 1 Cor 1:16.

β. w. subj. διώκω εἰ καταλάβω I press on (to see) whether I can capture Phil 3:12 (B-D-F §368; 375; Rob. 1017).

γ. w. opt. (X., An. 1, 8, 15; 2, 1, 15; 4 Macc 9:27; 11:13) ἀνακρίνοντες … εἰ ἔχοι ταῦτα examining … to see whether this was really so Ac 17:11. εἰ βούλοιτο πορεύεσθαι 25:20; cp. 17:27.

⑥ In combination w. other particles, w. the other particles foll.

ⓐ εἰ ἄρα

α. expressing possibility if, indeed; if, in fact; whether (perhaps) (X., An. 3, 2, 22; SIG 834, 12; Gen 18:3; s. B-D-F §454, 2) 1 Cor 15:15 (εἴπερ ἄρα); Hv 3, 4, 3; 3, 7, 5; Hs 6, 4, 1; 8, 3, 3; 9, 5, 7; AcPt Ox 849, 6.

β. introducing a direct question εἰ ἄρα ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; is it (really) so? Ac 7:1 v.l.; indirect qu. on the chance that (PPetr II, 13 [19] 9 ‘should you find it impossible’; Num 22:11) Mk 11:13; Ac 5:8 D; 8:22; in the hope that 17:27 (εἰ ἄρα γε); AcPt Ox 849, 2; 22. Cp. εἰ δέ … ; What if …? Ac 23:9.

ⓑ εἴ γε if indeed, inasmuch as (Kühner-G. II 177c) Eph 3:2; 4:21; Col 1:23. τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ; εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ have you experienced so many things in vain? If it really was in vain Gal 3:4. εἴ γε καὶ ἐκδυσάμενοι οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα assuming, of course, that having put it off we shall not be found naked 2 Cor 5:3. [εἴ γ]ε οὕτως ὡς [ἔστιν καὶ παρελάβετε τὸν λόγον] AcPl BMM recto, 31f (restoration based on duplicate Ox 1602 verso, 37f and AcPl Ha 8, 24f, which has a slightly difft. text after εἴ γε [s. also the text of Ghent 62, 17 in HSanders, HTR 31, ’38, 79, n. 2]). S. γέ bα.

ⓒ εἰ δὲ καί (Just., D. 110, 1) but if, and if Lk 11:18; 1 Cor 4:7; and even if 2 Cor 4:3 (but s. Lietzmann, Hdb.); 11:6. If, on the other hand, … then AcPlCor 2:28 (εἰ … δέ … καί … μή).

ⓓ εἰ δὲ μή (γε) if not, otherwise

α. after affirmat. clauses, w. the aor. ind, and ἄν in the apodosis J 14:2; or pres. ind. (Demosth., Prooem. 29, 3) and fut. (Gen 30:1; Bel 29 Theod.; PLond 1912, 98) Rv 2:5, 16; or pres. impv. J 14:11.—εἰ δὲ μή γε (μήγε some edd.) otherwise (Pla. et al.; Epict. 3, 22, 27; Jos., Bell. 6, 120, Ant. 17, 113; Just., D. 105, 6; IGR IV, 833; POxy 1159, 6; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 167, 25; PGM 4, 2629; Da 3:15; Bel 8; TestSol 13:3 P): εἰ δὲ μή γε (sc. προσέχετε), μισθὸν οὐκ ἔχετε otherwise you have no reward Mt 6:1; cp. Lk 10:6. Elliptically: κἂν μὲν ποιήσῃ καρπὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον• εἰ δὲ μή γε, ἐκκόψεις αὐτήν who knows, it may bear fruit next year; if not, fine, then cut it down (= have it cut down) 13:9.

β. after negat. clauses, otherwise (X., An. 7, 1, 8; Diod S 3, 47, 4; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 100; LBW 1651 μὴ ἀδικεῖν…, εἰ δὲ μή; UPZ 196 I, 33 [119 B.C.]; Job 32:22) Mk 2:21f.—After a negative statement: οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς. εἰ δὲ μή γε, ῥήγνυνται people do not pour new wine into old skins; otherwise they burst Mt 9:17; cp. Lk 5:36. μή τίς με δόξῃ ἄφρονα εἶναι• εἰ δὲ μή γε, κἂν ὡς ἄφρονα δέχασθέ με no one is to consider me foolish; otherwise at least accept me as a fool 2 Cor 11:16.

ⓔ εἰ καί even if, even though, although Lk 11:8; 18:4; 1 Cor 7:21; 2 Cor 4:16; 7:8; 12:11; Phil 2:17; Col 2:5; Hb 6:9; AcPlCor 2:32.

ⓕ εἰ μὲν γάρ for if Ac 25:11 v.l. (for εἰ μὲν οὖν); 2 Cor 11:4; Hb 8:4 v.l. (for εἰ μὲν οὖν).

ⓖ εἰ μὲν οὖν if, then Hb 7:11. W. εἰ δέ foll. (X., Cyr. 8, 7, 22; Ael. Aristid. 28, 156 K.=49 p. 542 D.) Ac 19:38.

ⓗ εἰ μέντοι if, on the other hand Js 2:8.

ⓘ εἰ μή (=πλήν) but 1 Cor 7:17 (= in general) (B-D-F §376).—After negatives

α. except, if not, mostly without a verb depending on εἰ μή (X., An. 2, 1, 12; JosAs 12:11; Just., A I, 29, 1) Mt 11:27; 12:24; 16:4; J 3:13; Ro 7:7; Gal 1:19 (HKoch, Z. Jakobusfrage Gal 1:19: ZNW 33, ’34, 204–9); but also with a verb (Jos., Ant. 8, 316) Mt 5:13; Mk 6:5; Ac 21:25 v.l.

β. but (OGI 201, 20f οὐκ ἀφῶ αὐτοὺς καθεσθῆναι εἰς τὴν σκιάν, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ ἡλίου ἔξω; in note 33 the ed. gives exx. fr. Aristoph. for this use) without a verb Mt 12:4; w. a verb (Theod. Prodr. 7, 426 H.) Gal 1:7, s. ἄλλος 2b. For ἐκτὸς εἰ μή s. ἐκτός 3a.

ⓙ εἰ μήτι unless indeed, unless perhaps (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 198 D.; Jos., Ant. 4, 280; Tat. 10, 2) Lk 9:13; 2 Cor 13:5; w. ἄν (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 4) 1 Cor 7:5 (s. Dssm., NB 32, 1 [BS 204 n.]; B-D-F §376; Mlt. 169; 239; Reinhold 35; JTrunk, De Basilio Magno sermonis Attic. imitatore 1911, 56; JWackernagel, Antike Anredeformen 1912, 27f).

ⓚ εἰ οὖν if, therefore Mt 6:23; Lk 11:36; 12:26; J 13:14; 18:8; Col 3:1; Phlm 17.

ⓛ εἴπερ if indeed, if after all, since (X., An. 1, 7, 9; Menand., Epitr. 907 S. [587 Kö.]; PHal 7, 6; UPZ 59, 29 [168 B.C.]; Jdth 6:9; TestJob 3:6; Just., Tat., Ath.) Ro 3:30 (ἐπείπερ v.l.); 8:9, 17; 2 Th 1:6.—if indeed, provided that εἴπερ ἄρα (ἄρα 1a) 1 Cor 15:15. καὶ γὰρ εἴπερ for even if (cp. Od. 1, 167; B-D-F §454, 2) 1 Cor 8:5; on 2 Cor 5:3 s. εἴ γε καί 6b above. Doubtful IEph 6:2; s. ἤ 2aβ.

ⓜ if perchance, if haply εἰ δέ που … τις ἔλθοι if perchance … anyone came Papias (2:4).

ⓝ εἴ πως (the spelling εἴπως is also correct; B-D-F §12) if perhaps, if somehow

α. w. opt. (X., An. 2, 5, 2; 4, 1, 21; POxy 939, 15) εἴ πως δύναιντο παραχειμάσαι in the hope that they could spend the winter Ac 27:12.

β. w. fut. indic. (3 Km 21:31; 4 Km 19:4; Jer 28:8; TestJos 6:6) εἴ πως εὐοδωθήσομαι whether, perhaps, I shall succeed Ro 1:10; cp. 11:14; Phil 3:11.

ⓞ εἴτε … εἴτε (Soph. et al.; ins since 416 B.C. [Meisterhans³-Schw.]; pap [Mayser II/3, 159]; LXX; JosAs 5:9; ApcrEzk [Epiph 70, 11]; Jos., Ant. 16, 33 and 37; Just., Ath. B-D-F §446; 454, 3; Rob. ind.) if … (or) if, whether … or

α. w. a verb in pres. indic. (Herm. Wr. 12, 22 thrice) 1 Cor 12:26; 2 Cor 1:6; or pres. subj. 1 Th 5:10.

β. w. no verb (Just., D. 86, 3 al.) Ro 12:6–8; 1 Cor 3:22; 8:5; 2 Cor 5:10 al. εἴτε only once 1 Cor 14:27. εἴτε ἄρσενα εἴτε θήλειαν (ἤτε … ἤτε pap) GJs 4:1.

⑦ Used w. the indef. pron.: εἴ τις, εἴ τι everyone who or whoever; everything that or whatever Mt 16:24; 18:28; Mk 4:23; 9:35; Lk 9:23; 14:26; 1 Ti 3:1, 5; 5:4, 8, 16 al. Cp. 1 Cor 12:31 v.l. (ADebrunner, ConNeot XI, ’47, 37). W. subj. εἴ τις θελήσῃ Rv 11:5 s. 1b, above.—DELG. M-M.

εἰ μήν, more correctly εἶ μήν (B-D-F §24; Rob. 1150) for the older ἦ μήν (Hom. et al. [s. Denniston 350f], but found also Jos., Ant. 13, 76; 17, 42), in Hellenistic-Roman times (SIG 993, 20 [III B.C.]; 736, 27 [92 B.C.]; IG IV, 840, 15 [EHermann, Gr. Forschungen I 1912, 312]; pap since 112 B.C. [Mayser 78]; LXX e.g. Ezk 33:27; 34:8 al.; Num 14:28; Jdth 1:12; Bar 2:29 [Thackeray 83]) formula used in oaths surely, certainly Hb 6:14 (Gen 22:17).—Dssm., NB 33ff (BS 205ff).—M-M.

ἀληθ-ής [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Dor. [full] ἀλᾱθής, ές, (λήθω,

A = λανθάνω:

ἀληθὲς τὸ μὴ λήθῃ ὑποπῖπτον EM62.51

):— unconcealed, so true, real, opp. false, apparent:

I Hom., opp. ψευδής,in phrases ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι, εἰπεῖν, ἀγορεύειν, ἀληθὲς ἐνισπεῖν, Il.6.382, Od.13.254, 3.254, 247, al.; in Hdt. and [dialect] Att. τὸ ἀληθές, by Trag. crasis τἀληθές, [dialect] Ion. τὠληθές (Hdt.6.68, 69), or τὰ ἀληθῆ, by crasis τἀληθῆ, etc.;

ἀληθέϊ λόγῳ χρᾶσθαι Hdt. 1.14

, etc.;

οἱ ἀληθέϊ λόγῳ βασιλέες 1.120

;

ἀληθεστάτη πρόφασις Th.1.23

.

2 of persons, etc., truthful, honest (not in Hom., v. infr.),

ἀ. νόος Pi.O.2.92

;

κατήγορος A.Th. 439

;

κριτής Th.3.56

; οἶνος ἀ. ` in vino veritas', Pl.Smp. 217e;

ὁ μέσος ἀ. τις Arist.EN 1108a20

.

3 of oracles, true, unerring,

ἀλαθέα μαντίων θῶκον Pi. P.11.6

, cf. S.Ph. 993, E. Ion 1537; of dreams, A.Th. 710.

II of qualities or events, true, real,

φίλος E.Or. 424

;

ἀ. τὸ πραχθέν Antipho 1.6

; genuine,

ἀ. εἶναι δεῖ τὸ σεμνόν, οὐ κενόν Men.596

.

2 realizing itself, coming to fulfilment,

ἀρά A.Th. 944

.

III Adv. ἀληθῶς, [dialect] Ion. - θέως, truly, Simon.5.1, Hdt.1.11, al., A.Supp. 315, etc.

b actually, in reality, γένος τόδε Ζηνός ἐστιν ἀ. ib. 585;

ἀ. οὐδὲν ἐξῃκασμένα Id.Ag. 1244

, cf. Th.1.22, etc.; τὴν ἀ. μουσικήν (sc. οὖσαν) Antiph.209.6:—ὡς ἀ. in the true way, really, E.Or. 739, Pl. Phd. 63a, etc.;

ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἀ. μήτηρ D.21.149

: [comp] Comp.

- εστέρως Pl. R. 347e

,

- έστερον Antipho 3.3.4

: [comp] Sup.

- έστατα X.Mem.4.8.1

.

2 neut. as Adv., proparox. ἄληθες; indeed? really? ironically, S.OT 350, Ant. 758, E.Cyc. 241, Ar.Ra. 840, Av. 174.

3 τὸ ἀληθές truly, [dialect] Ion.

τὠληθές Herod.7.70

.

B not forgetting, careful,

γυνὴ χερνῆτις ἀ. Il.12.433

, cf. Nonn.D.24.233:—the sense honest is post- Hom. [suff] ἀληθ-ίζω, dye with genuine purple, PHolm.18.6.

II [voice] Med. -ίζομαι, = ἀληθεύω, Hdt.1.136, 3.72, Plu.2.230b, Alciphr.3.39, 59.

γε, [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Boeot. [full] γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows.

I with single words, at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: τὸ γὰρ.. σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν such is the power of iron, Od.9.393; εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ.. εἰσίν if the poor have any gods to care for them, 17.475;

μάλιστά γε 4.366

; ὅ γ' ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, S.OC42, etc.: with negs., οὐ δύο γε not even two, Il.5.303, 20.286; οὔκουν φθόγγος γε not the least sound, E.IA9.

2 with Pronouns: with Pron. of [ per.] 1st Pers. so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε (also ἔγωγα [dialect] Lacon., but ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα [dialect] Boeot.): in Hom. freq. with Art. used as Pron., v. ὅ γε: with demonstr. Pronouns, κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.: in Com. coalescing with -ί final,

αὑτηγί Ar.Ach. 784

; τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., Id.V. 781, Pax 1057, etc. (but

ἐνγεταυθί Th. 646

): after possess. Pronouns,

ἐμόν γε θυμόν Il.20.425

, etc.: freq. after relat. Pronouns, ὅς γε, οἵ γε, etc.,

οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν S.Ph. 1364

;

ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας δασμόν Id.OT35

, etc.; ὅσον γε χρῄζεις even as much as.., ib. 365;

οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται Pl.R. 329a

: rarely with interrog. Pronouns,

τίνα γε.. εἶπας

;

E.Tr. 241

;

ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ' Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς

;

S.Ph. 441

.

3 after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, πρίν γε, before at least, sts. repeated,

οὐ μὲν.. ὀΐω πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε.. αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα Il.5.288

, cf. Od.2.127; πρὶν ἄν γε or πρίν γ' ἄν, Ar.Eq. 961, Ra.78, etc.;

ὅτε γε Pl.Phd. 84e

;

ὁπότε γε S.OC 1699

;

ἐπεί γε X.An.1.3.9

;

ἐπειδή γε Th.6.18

;

ὅπου γε X.Cyr.2.3.11

; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, if that is to say, if really, Th.6.18, Pl.Phdr.25<*>c; also simply to lay stress on the condition, κἄν γε μὴ λέγω and if I do not.., Ar.Ach. 317; εἴπερ γε if at any rate, Hdt.7.16.γ, 143, etc.; ὥστε γε (v.l. ὥς γε), with inf., so far at least as to.., Pl.Phdr. 230b;

ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ E.Alc. 801

; ὥς γε or ὥσπερ γε as at least, S.Ant. 570, OT 715, etc.:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word,

ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα X.Mem.4.5.2

, Pl.R. 412b;

ἐάντε γε Id.Plt. 293d

;

οἵ τέ γε Id.Grg. 454e

:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, v. infr. 11.3.

4 after other Particles, καὶ μὴν.. γε, οὐ μὴν.. γε, with words intervening, X.Mem.1.4.12, E.Alc. 518, etc.; after ἄν in apodosi, when preceded by οὐ or καί, Id.Ph. 1215, Or. 784; ἄταρ.. γε but yet, Ar.Ach. 448; καίτοι γε, v. καί τοι; ἀλλά γε (without intervening words) is f.l. in Pl.Hp.Ma. 287b (leg. ἀλλ' ἄγε), R. 331b ( ἀλλά γε ἕν codd.,

ἀλλὰ ἕν γε Stob.

); ἀλλά γε δή dub. in Id.Phdr.262a; later, Plu.2.394c, Ael.NA10.49 codd.: but,

5 when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sts. modifies the sense of the following Particle, γε μήν nevertheless,

πάντως γε μήν Ar.Eq. 232

, cf. E.El. 754, X., etc.; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.

γε μέν Il.2.703

, Od.4.195, Hdt.7.152;

γε μὲν δή A.Ag. 661

, S.Tr. 484;

γε μέντοι Pl.Tht. 164a

, X.An.2.3.9, etc.: γε δή freq. strengthens an assertion, A.Pr.42, Th.2.62, etc.;

οἰόμεθά γε δή Pl.Euthd. 275a

(cf. also 11.1); γέ τοι, implying that the assertion is the least that one can say, Ar.V. 934, Pl. 424, 1041, etc.;

γέ τοι Pl. Grg. 447b

;

γέ τοι δή S.OT 1171

, Pl.Phdr. 264b;

γέ τοί που Id.Lg. 888e

;

γε δήπου Id.Phd. 94a

, etc.; γέ που at all events, any how, Ar. Ach. 896, Pl.R. 607d, 478a, etc.; for γε οὖν, v. γοῦν.

II exercising an influence over the whole clause:

1 epexegetic, namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, Od.1.390; κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον.., εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι if indeed I am really thine, 9.529: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, ἀνὴρ.. ὅστις πινυτός γε any man— at least any wise man, 1.229; freq. preceded by καί, usu. with words intervening, ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός ay and besi <*>es that.., A.Pr.73; παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε some, ay and a great many, Pl.Phd. 58d;

καὶ γελοίως γε Id.R. 531a

; freq. with the last term in an enumeration,

ταύτῃ ἄρα.. πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον Id.Cri. 47b

;

ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ.. καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή Id.Tht. 156b

; repeated,

συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον LXX Ec.2.8

; rarely without intervening words,

καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν Hp.Septim.9

, cf. Lys.11.7 codd.;

καί γε.. ἐκχεῶ Act.Ap.2.18

: hence,

2 in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι.. κρέα; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, Ar.Ach. 1049; κενὸν τόδ' ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι; Answ. σά γ' ἔνδυτα .. yes indeed, your clothes, E. Ion 1412; οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ. σὺ δ' ἂν γένοιο γ' ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you.., Id.Med. 817, cf. S.OT 680, etc.; πάνυ γε yes certainly, Pl.Euthphr.8e, etc.; οὕτω γέ πως yes somehowso, Id.Tht. 165c; sts. preceded by καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ' ἄτοπον yes and no wonder, ib. 142b, cf. d, 147e; sts. ironically,

εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν E.IT 1212

.

3 to heighten a contrast or opposition,

a after conditional clauses, εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ'.., τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε .. if you do so, then at all events Poseidon will.., Il.15.49 sq.; ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι.. τόδε γε εἰπέ at any rate tell me this, X.Cyr. 5.5.20;

εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ' ἐπιβάλλει D.18.272

:—sts. in the protasis, εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε.. ἀλλ' ἀέκοντας .. Hdt.4.120.

b in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε.. δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ .. Id.1.11;

ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα Th.2.40

;

πατὴρ δ' ἐμός.. ζώει ὅ γ' ἢ τέθνηκε Od.2.131

, cf. Il.10.504: also in the second clause,

εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι Od.3.214

, cf. Hdt.7.10.θ, S.OT 1098 sq.

4 in exclamations, etc., ὥς γε μή ποτ' ὤφελον λαβεῖν dub. in E.IA70, cf. S.OC 977, Ph. 1003, Ar.Ach.93, 836, etc.; in oaths, οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ' v.l. in Ar.Eq. 698;

μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ' οὐδέποτ' Id.Ec. 748

;

καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε X.Ap.20

;

καὶ νὴ Δία γε Ar.Eq. 1350

, D.Chr.17.4, Luc. Merc.Cond.28, Lib.Or.11.59, etc.: with words intervening, καὶ νὴ Δί', ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε .. D.13.16;

νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν X.HG7.1.37

; merely in strong assertions, τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ .. Od.8.209, etc.

5 implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go (in apodosi), E.HF 861;

δρᾶ γ' εἴ τι δράσεις Id.IA 817

, cf. Andr. 239.

III γε freq. repeated in protasis and apodosis, as πρίν γε.., πρίν γε, v. supr.1.3;

εἰ μή γε.. τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ Lys.31.29

; even in the same clause,

οὐδέν γ' ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους Ar.V. 1507

, cf. Hdt.1.187, E.Ph. 554, Pl.R. 335b, Grg. 502a.

IV POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is freq. placed immediately after the Article, as

ὅ γε πόλεμος Th.1.66

, etc.; or the Prep.,

κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον X.Cyr.3.1.15

;

ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις S.OT 1380

; or

δέ, νῦν δέ γε Pl.Tht. 144e

; τὸ δέ γε ib. 164b;

δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν Id.R. 607d

, cf. Phd. 94a, etc.; freq. in retorts, ἁμές ποκ' ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι. Answ.

ἁμὲς δέ γ' εἰμές Carm.Pop.18

; οὐκ οἶδ' ὅτι λέγεις. Answ.

ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ', ὡς ἐγῷμαι Men.Epit. 577

, cf. A.Th. 1031, etc.

ὀρθός, ή, όν,

A straight,

I in height, upright, standing, Hom., who commonly joins it with

στῆναι, στῆ δ' ὀρθός Il.23.271

, al., cf. Hdt.5.111,9.22 (where it is used of a horse rearing);

ὀρθαὶ τρίχες ἔσταν Il.24.359

, cf. Hes.Op. 540 ;

ὀρθῶν ἑσταότων ἀγορή Il.18.246

;

οἱ δ' ἐν νηΐ μ' ἔδησαν.. ὀρθὸν ἐν ἱστοπέδῃ Od.12.179

, cf. S.Aj. 239 (anap.);

κυρβασίας.. ὀρθὰς εἶχον πεπηγυίας Hdt.7.64

;

ὀρθὸν αἴρεις κάρα A.Ch. 496

, etc.; ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησι pricks up his ear, S.El.27, etc.; applied to the erect posture of man, Arist.PA 653a31, al.; ὀ. θηρίον, of man, Philem.3 ; of buildings, standing with their walls entire,

[τὸ Πάνακτον] ὀρθὸν παραδοῦναι Th.5.42

;

ὀρθαὶ κίονες Pi.P.4.267

, cf. PLond. 3.755v.2(iv A. D.); of a standing crop, ib.1165.2 (ii A. D.). Adv.,

ὀρθῶς ἑστῶτες Arist.PA 689b19

.

b Geom., at right angles to..,

εὐθεῖα πρὸς ἐπίπεδον ὀρθή ἐστιν ὅταν.. Euc.11

Def.3.

c Astrol., ὀρθὰ ζῴδια signs which rise vertically, opp. πλάγια, Doroth. in Cat. Cod. Astr.5 (1). 240.

II in line, straight (opp. σκολιός crooked and πλάγιος aslant), ἀντ' ἠελίου τετραμμένος ὀρθός straight, right opposite the sun, Hes.Op. 727 ;

ὀρθὸν εὐθύνοι βέλος A.Fr. 200

; ποιῶν ὀρθὰ πάντα πρὸς

κανόνα IG7.3073.108

(Lebadea, ii B. C.); ὀ. τρῶμα longitudinal to the muscle, opp. ἐπικάρσιος, Hp.Prorrh.2.15 ;

ὀρθὸς εἰς ὁδὸν πορεύεται S. Aj. 1254

;

εἶμι.. ὀ. ὁδόν Thgn.945

;

ὀ. κέλευθον ἰών Pi.P.11.39

; ὀρθὴν κελεύεις, i. e. ὀρθὴν ὁδόν με ἰέναι κ., Ar.Av.1 ; so ὀρθὴν ἄνω δίωκε (sc. όδόν) Id.Th. 1223 (but ὀρθήν, = εὐθύς, Hyp.Fr. 257); δι' ὀρθῆς τήνδε ναυκληρεῖς πόλιν (sc. ὁδοῦ) S.Ant. 994 ;

εἰς ὀρθὸν τρέχειν Diph.61.5

;

εἰς ὀρθὸν ἀποδοῦναι

to face the front originally held,

Ascl.Tact.10.1

;

κατ' ὀρθὸν εὐδρομεῖν Men.681

; also

ὀρθᾷ χερί

straightway,

Pi.O.10(11).4

; ὀρθῷ ποδί ib.13.72, Fr. 167 ; but τιθέναι ὀρθὸν πόδα is prob. to put the foot out, as in walking, A.Eu. 294 (v.

κατηρεφής 1

), cf. E.Med. 1166.

2 βλέπειν ὀρθά, opp. being blind, S.OT 419 ;

ὀρθὸν ἀνέβλεψε

recovered his sight,

IG 14.966

(Rome, ii A. D.);

ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀ.. κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός S.OT 528

; ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασιν ib. 1385 ; v. ὄμμα 1.

III metaph.,

1 right, safe, prosperous:

a partly from signf. 1,

τοὺς δὲ τομαῖς ἔστασεν ὀρθούς

set them up, restored,

Pi.P.3.53

; so ὀρθὸν ἀστάσας (= ἀναστήσας) IG42(1).122.52 (Epid., iv B. C.);

ἐς ὀρθὸν ἱστάναι τινά E.Supp. 1230

;

ὀρθὰν φυλάσσειν Τένεδον Pi.N.11.5

; so

στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον S.OT50

, cf. Pl.La. 181b ; ταύτης ἔπι (sc. χθονός) πλέοντες ὀρθῆς (the state being represented as a ship) S. Ant. 190 ;

ἐν ὀρθῷ κεῖσθαι Plb.31.7.1

.

b partly from signf. 11, κατ' ὀρθὸν ἐξελθεῖν, of prophecies, S.OT88, cf. OC 1424; κατ' ὀρθὸν οὐρίσαι to speed in prosperous course, Id.OT 695 (lyr.).

2 right, true, correct, ἄγγελος, ἀγγελία, νόος, Pi.O.6.90, P.4.279, 10.68 ;

μάρτυρες A.Eu. 318

(anap.), etc.;

γλῶσσα S.Fr. 351

;

ὀρθᾷ φρενί Pi.O.8.24

; ὄρθ' ἀκούειν to be rightly, truly called, S.OT 903 (lyr.);

κατὰ τὸ ὀ. δικάζειν Hdt. 1.96

;

ὀ. λόγῳ

strictly speaking, in very truth,

Id.2.17

, 6.68, etc.: so in Adv.,

ὀρθῶς λέγειν Id.1.51

;

ὀ. ἔλεξας S.Ph. 341

;

ὀ. φράσαι A.Ch. 526

;

εἴρηκας ὀ. S.El. 1040

;

ὀ. φρονεῖν A.Pr. 1000

, Archyt.1 (so

εἰς ὀρθὸν φ. S. Fr. 612

);

ὀ. γνῶναι Antipho 2.2.8

; ὀ. ἔχει it is right, c. inf., Pl.Euthphr. 9a ;

ὀ. ἐνδίκως τ' ἐπώνυμον A.Th. 405

, cf. 829 (anap.): in answers, rightly, exactly, Pl.Prt. 359e;

ὀ. γε Diph.32.18

: [comp] Sup.,

ὀρθότατα καλεόμενος Hdt.4.59

; so

τὸ ὀρθὸν ἐξείρηκα S.Tr. 374

; φωνεῖν δίκης ἐς ὀρθόν ib. 347 ;

κατ' ὀρθόν Pl.Ti. 44b

.

3 true, real, genuine, ὀ. πολιτεῖαι, opp. παρεκβάσεις, Arist.Pol. 1279a18, etc.; ὀ. μανία real madness, Ael.NA11.32, cf. Theoc.11.11. Adv. - θῶς really, truly,

τοὺς ὀ. φιλομαθεῖς Pl.Phd. 67b

;

ὁ ὀ. κυβερνήτης Id.R. 341c

;

τὸν ὀ. συγγενῆ Diph. 102

.

4 upright, just,

ἐμμένειν ὀ. νόμῳ S.Aj. 350

(lyr.);

τὸ ὀ.

uprightness,

Pl.R. 540d

; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀ. λόγος (v. λόγος IV. I) Id.Phd. 73a; ὁ ὀ. λόγος διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος (v.

λόγος 111.7

) Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4 ; ὀ. λόγοι virtues on the intellectual side, Phld.Piet.8. Adv.

ὀρθῶς

rightly, justly,

Th.3.56

;

ὀ. καὶ δικαίως Antipho1.10

, IG22.228.14 (iv B. C.), IPE12.32B73 (Olbia, iii B. C.), etc.;

ὀ. καὶ νομίμως Isoc.7.28

.

5 of persons, 'straight', straightforward,

σμικροὶ καὶ οὐκ ὀρθοὶ τὰς ψυχάς Pl. Tht. 173a

.

6 on tiptoe, full of expectation, excited,

ὀρθῆς τῆς πόλεως γενομένης διά τι Isoc.16.7

;

τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὀρθὴν οὖσαν ἐπί τινι Id.5.70

;

ὀ. ἦν ἡ πόλις ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν Lycurg.39

, cf. Hyp.Fr.39 ;

ὀ. καὶ μετέωροι ταῖς διανοίαις Plb.28.17.11

;

ὀ. καὶ περίφοβος ἦν ἡ πόλις Id.3.112.6

;

ὀ. διὰ τὸν φόβον D.S.16.84

;

ὀ. καὶ δραστήριος διὰ τὸ θαρρεῖν Plu.Phil.12

.

IV ἡ ὀρθή,

1 (sc. ὁδός) v. supr. 11.1.

2 ὀ. γωνία right angle, Pl.Ti. 55b ; so ὀ. alone, Arist.EN 1098a30, al.; cf. ὄρθιος v. 1 : τέμνειν πρὸς ὀρθάς to cut at right angles, Euc.3.3, al.; εἴ τις δείξειεν ὅτι αἱ ὀρθαὶ οὐ συμπίπτουσι.. that right angles do not meet (short for 'that two straight lines making, with a third, interior angles equal to two right angles, etc.'), Arist.AP0.74a13 ; τὸ δυσὶν ὀρθαῖς the theorem that the angles of a triangle are together equal to two right angles, ib.85b5 ; ὀρθὸς κῶνος, κύλινδρος, a right cone, cylinder, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.26, 1.11.

3 (with or without πτῶσις) nominative, Lat. casus rectus, opp. the oblique cases, D.T. 636.3, Str.14.2.28, A.D.Pron.39.10, al., S.E.M.1.177.

V ὀρθά active verbs, opp. ὕπτια (passive) and οὐδέτερα (neuter), Chrysipp.Stoic.2.59.

VI ὀ. τόνος real or unmodified (cf. supr. 111.3) accent, opp. ἐγκλινόμενος, A.D.Pron.36.10, al.; so ὀρθὴ τάσις ib.54.8, al. (The gloss of Hsch., βορθ-αγορίσκοι, = ὀ., and the dialect forms of Ὀρθεία (q.v.), suggest that the word orig. had ϝ.)

Grammatical information: pcle

Meaning: asseverating `yea, really' (Il., IA), adversative = δέ `but' (Thess.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [966] * (s)me(h₂)? assev. pcle `really'

Etymology: Can be identified with Skt. enclit. sma `really, truly' and with Hitt. encl. -ma `but'. Greek however has no trace of initial sm-. Schwyzer-Debrunner 569 f. Details in Hahn Lang. 29, 242ff. Does it continue * mh₂? or *mn̥? - Cf. 1. μήν.

Page in Frisk: 2,154

ἀληθῐνός, ή, όν,

A agreeable to truth:

1 of persons, truthful, trusty, στράτευμα, φίλοι, X.An.1.9.17, D.9.12, cf. Posidipp.26. Adv.

-νῶς, φιλεῖν X.Smp.9.5

: [comp] Sup.

- ώτατα Plb.39.37

.

2 of things, true, genuine, Pl.R. 499c, Arist.EN 1107a31 ([comp] Comp.); esp. of purple,

πορφυρίς X.Oec.10.3

, cf. Edict.Diocl.24.6; ἰχθύς Amph.26;

πέλαγος Men.65

;

λόγος Id.Sam. 114

; τὰ ἀ. real objects, opp. τὰ γεγραμμένα, Arist.Pol. 1281b12; of persons, ἐς ἀ. ἄνδρ' ἀποβῆναι to turn out a genuine man, Theoc.13.15: Astron., true (opp. φαινόμενος apparent), of risings and settings, Autol.1 Def.1, al.

II Adv. - νῶς truly, really, opp. γλίσχρως, Isoc.5.142; ζῶντα ἀ. really alive, Pl.Ti. 19b;

ἀ. γεγάμηκεν

;

Antiph.221

.

2 honestly, straightforwardly, OGI 223.17 ([place name] Erythrae).

ἀτρεκ-ής, ές,

A strict, precise, exact, ἀλάθεια, καιρός, Pi.N.5.17, P.8.7;

ἀριθμός Hdt. 7.187

;

δίαιτα Hp.Mochl.42

;

βιότου ἀ. ἐπιτηδεύσεις

over-nice, precise,

E.Hipp. 261

; τὸ ἀ., = ἀτρέκεια, φράσαι, εἰπεῖν τὸ ἀ., Hdt.5.9,7.60;

τὸ -έστερον τούτων

more precise details,

Id.5.54

;

τὸ -έστατον Id.7.214

;

ἐγγὺς τοῦ -εστάτου ἥκειν Hp.VM12

; rarely of persons, exact, strict,

Ἑλλανοδίκας Pi.O.3.12

.

2 sure, certain,

ποδὶ ἀτρεκέϊ Id.N.3.41

;

ἀ. δόξα E.Hipp. 1115

(lyr.).

II Hom. has only Adv. ἀτρεκέως (neut. as Adv.,

ἀτρεκὲς.. βαλών

accurately,

Il.5.208

(expld. as Adj. by Eust. ad loc.);

δεκὰς ἀ.

precisely,

Od.16.245

): mostly with the Verbs ἀγορεύειν, καταλέξαι, tell truly, exactly, Il.2.10, Od.1.169, etc.;

ἀ. μαντεύσομαι 17.154

;

ἀ. ἔφρασεν IG3.716

;

ἀ. ὀλίγοι Thgn. 636

; freq. in Hdt.,

ἀ. εἰπεῖν 1.57

,al.;

εἰδέναι 1.209

, al.;

ἐπίστασθαι 3.130

;

ἐκμαθεῖν 7.10

.

ή; διακρῖναι 1.172

;

διασημῆναι 5.86

;

φαίνειν 2.49

;

ἀ. ἀριθμεῖσθαι Hp.Prog.20

; ἀ. ὅμοιον precisely similar, Diog. Apoll.5.

2 ἀ. ἀποκαυλισθεῖσα broken straight across, opp. παραμηκέως, Hp.Art.14.

3 neut. as Adv. (cf. supr. 11.1),

τὸ δ' ἀτρεκὲς ὄλβιος οὐδείς Thgn.167

;

ἐπ' ἀτρεκές IG9(1).880

(Corc.).—The word and its derivs. are rare in Trag. and not found in [dialect] Att. Prose, ἀκριβής and its derivs. being used instead: freq. in [dialect] Ion. Prose, esp. in Hp. and Aret., SD2.12, al., and in later Prose, cf.

ἐπιστήμη καὶ γνώμη ἀ. Plb.1.4.9

,

ἀ. τιακάς Plu.Rom.12

; ὁ σενᾶτος ἀτρεκῶς γερουσίαν σημαίνει strictly, ib.13; οὐκ ἔφυγον δ' ἀτρεκῶς not really, Epigr. Gr.339.5; of persons, truthful, accurate, J.BJ3.8.9. (Cf. ἄτρακτος.)