per+vices

vĭcis (as a gen.; the nom. does not occur), vicem, vice; in plur., vices (nom. and acc.) and vicibus (dat. and abl.), f. [cf. Gr. eikô, to yield; root Wik-; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 135], change, interchange, alternation, alternate or reciprocal succession, vicissitude (the gen. not ante-Aug.; the other cases class.).

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; for which, in class. prose, vicissitudo).

Sing.: ignotus juvenum coetus alternā vice Inibat alacris, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 151 Vahl.):

hac vice sermonum,

conversation, Verg. A. 6, 535:

vice sermonis,

Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 79; cf. in the foll. b:

deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice,

Hor. Epod. 13, 8:

solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

id. C. 1, 4, 1:

commoti Patres vice fortunarum humanarum,

Liv. 7, 31, 6: dum Nox vicem peragit, performs the exchange, i. e. alternales with day, Ov. M. 4, 218:

ridica contingens vitem mutuā vice sustinetur et sustinet,

Col. 4, 16:

versā vice,

reversely, Dig. 43, 29, 3; App. Dogm. Plat. p. 32, 6; id. Flor. p. 363; Just. 6, 5, 11 al.—

Plur.:

plerumque gratae divitibus vices Mundaeque parvo sub Lare pauperum Cenae,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 13:

et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices,

Quint. 9, 2, 14:

loquendi,

id. 6, 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 10, 35:

ipsius lectionis taedium vicibus levatur,

Quint. 1, 12, 4:

habet has vices condicio mortalium, ut adversa ex secundis, ex adversis secunda nascantur,

Plin. Pan. 5 fin.:

spatium diei noctis excipiunt vices,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 10:

haec quoque non perstant... Quasque vices peragant... docebo,

what vicissitudes they undergo, Ov. M. 15, 238:

mutat terra vices,

renews her changes, Hor. C. 4, 7, 3:

perque vicis modo Persephone! modo Filia! clamat,

alternately, Ov. F. 4, 483; so,

per vicis,

id. M. 4, 40; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

per vices annorum,

i. e. every other year, id. 12, 14, 30, § 54:

cur vicibus factis convivia ineant,

alternately, by turns, Ov. F. 4, 353.—

Adverb.: in vicem (also freq. one word, invĭcem; and less freq. vicem, in vices, or per vices), by turns, alternately, one after the other, mutually, reciprocally.

In vicem: bibenda aqua: postero die etiam vinum: deinde in vicem alternis diebus modo aqua modo vinum, Cels. 3, 2 med.:

reliqui, qui domi manserunt, se atque alios alunt: hi rursus in vicem anno post in armis sunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1:

propter vicinitatem simul eramus invicem,

Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; Quint. 11, 3, 168:

multis invicem casibus victi victoresque,

Liv. 2, 44, 12:

non comisantium in vicem more jam diu vivimus inter nos,

id. 40, 9, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

in vicem inter se gratantes,

id. 9, 43, 17:

inque vicem tua me, te mea forma capit,

Ov. H. 17, 180; id. M. 6, 631; 8, 473; Verg. G. 3, 188; Hor. S. 1, 3, 141 al.—

Vicem:

ut unus fasces haberet, et hoc insigne regium suam cujusque vicem, per omnes iret,

Liv. 3, 36, 3; cf. id. 1, 9, 15.—

In vices ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

inque vices illum tectos qui laesit amores, Laedit amore pari,

Ov. M. 4, 191; 12, 161; Tac. G. 26 Halm.—

Per vices (post-Aug. and very rare):

quod ipsum imperari per vices optimum est,

Quint. 2, 4, 6 Halm.—

In partic.

A time, turn (late Lat.; cf. Orell. ad Hor. C. 4, 14, 13):

ager tertiā vice arabitur,

Pall. 10, 1:

tribus per diem vicibus,

id. 1, 3 fin.; cf.:

tesserulas in medium vice suā quisque jaciebamus,

Gell. 18, 13, 1:

vice quādam,

once, Sid. Ep. 7, 1; Aus. Pan. Grat. Aug. 4.—

Reciprocal behavior or conduct, i. e. return, requital, reciprocal service, recompense, remuneration, retaliation (rare but class.):

recito praedicationem amplissimi beneficii, vicem officii praesentis,

Cic. Sest. 4, 10:

tanto proclivius est injuriae quam beneficio vicem exsolvere,

Tac. H. 4, 3; Prop. 1, 13, 10:

redde vicem meritis,

Ov. Am. 1, 6, 23:

non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

id. A. A. 1, 370; cf.:

dejecit acer plus vice simplici (i. e. non tantam solum cladem illis intulit quantam ipsi dederant, sed duplum, Schol.),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 13 Orell. ad loc.— Plur.:

spernentem sperne, sequenti Redde vices,

Ov. M. 14, 36:

neque est ullus affectus... qui magis vices exigat,

Plin. Pan. 85, 3.—

The changes of fate, fate, hap, lot, condition, fortune, misfortune:

mihi uni necesse erit et meam et aliorum vicem pertimescere?

Cic. Dom. 4, 8:

indignando et ipse vicem ejus,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

tacite gementes tristem fortunae vicem,

Phaedr. 5, 1, 6; cf.:

vicem suam conquestus est,

Suet. Aug. 66:

convertere humanam vicem,

Hor. Epod. 5, 88:

publicā vice commoveri,

Quint. 11, 1, 42; cf. id. 4, 1, 33.— Plur.:

fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 32:

testor in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas Vitavisse vices Danaūm,

dangers, contests, Verg. A. 2, 433.—

Transf., the position, place, room, stead, post, office, duty of one person or thing as assumed by another (the usual signif. of the word):

heredum causa justissima est: nulla est enim persona, quae ad vicem ejus, qui e vitā emigrarit, propius accedat,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

ego succedens in vicem imperii tui,

Liv. 38, 48, 7:

ipse in locum vicemque consulis provolat,

id. 3, 18, 9:

postquam (Juppiter) te dedit, qui erga omne humanum genus vice suā fungereris,

stand in the place of, represent, Plin. Pan. 80, 6:

fungar vice cotis,

Hor. A. P. 304:

per speciem alienae fungendae vicis opes suas firmavit,

Liv. 1, 41, 6:

ne sacra regiae vicis desererentur,

id. 1, 20, 2:

vestramque meamque vicem explete,

Tac. A. 4, 8 fin.:

cujus... ego vicem debeo inplere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 6:

(Manus) adverbiorum atque pronominum obtinent vicem,

Quint. 11, 3, 87:

in ordine vicis suae,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.— Plur.: non ad suum pertinere officium rati, quando divisae professionum vices essent, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 4.—

Adverb.

Vicem, with the gen. or a pers. pron., in the place of, instead of, on account of, for, for the sake of:

eri vicem meamque,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11:

qui hodie sese excruciari meam vicem possit pati,

id. Most. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 24:

vos respondetote istinc istarum vicem,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 34:

tuam vicem saepe doleo,

Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3:

suam vicem indignantem magistratu abisse,

Liv. 2, 31, 11: remittimus hoc tibi, ne nostram vicem irascaris. id. 34, 32, 6:

sollicito consuli... eorum vicem quos, etc.,

id. 44, 3, 5:

rex, vicem eorum quos ad tam manifestum periculum miserat,

Curt. 7, 11, 20:

maestus non suam vicem, sed propter, etc.,

id. 7, 2, 5: cum Pompeius aedem Victoriae dedicaturus foret, cujus gradus vicem theatri essent, Tiro Tull. ap. [p. 1987] Gell. 10, 1, 7:

quoniam res familiaris obsidis vicem esse apud rempublicam videbatur,

Gell. 16, 10, 11.—

Sometimes in a more general sense, after the manner of, like:

Sardanapali vicem in suo lectulo mori,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 7: ceteri vicem pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 497, 26; cf. the foll.—

Vice, instead of, for, on account of:

in pane salis vice utuntur nitro,

Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 115:

temonis vice trahitur,

Col. 6, 2, 7:

murum urbi cocto latere circumdedit, harenae vice bitumine interstrato,

Just. 1, 2, 7:

exanimes vice unius,

Liv. 1, 25, 6:

senatus vice populi,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5.—

In a more general sense (cf. the preced. numbers), after the manner of, like:

jactari se passa fluctu algae vice,

Plin. 9, 45, 68, § 147:

moveri periclitantium vice possumus,

Quint. 6, 2, 35:

diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumagi,

Suet. Ner. 31:

quaeque dixerat, oracli vice accipiens,

Tac. A. 6, 21 fin.:

ut deorum vice mortuos honorarent,

like gods, Lact. 4, 28 fin.:

vice navium,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 47, 22:

vice pecudum occidi,

Lact. 5, 10, 6:

vice imbellium proculcati,

Dict. Cret. 3, 24.—

In vicem, instead of, for, in place of:

potest malleolus protinus in vicem viviradicis conseri,

Col. 3, 14, 3:

defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 85:

in omnium vicem regni unius insatiabilis amor Successit,

Liv. 40, 8, 18:

missis in vicem eorum quinque milibus sociorum,

id. 31, 11, 3; Col. 5, 6, 1; so dat. vici, Quint. Decl. 6, 4.—

Ad vicem, instead of, for:

ad tegularum et imbricum vicem,

Plin. 36, 22, 44, § 159:

ad vicem solis cinis calidus subjectus,

Pall. 4, 10 fin.; 3, 28;

very rarely, ad invicem,

Veg. Vet. 2, 7 fin. —

In a more general sense (cf. in the preced. numbers a. and b.), after the manner of, like:

majores natu a majoribus colebantur ad deum prope ad parentum vicem,

Gell. 2, 15, 1.

sŭb-ĕo, ĭi, ĭtum, īre ( perf. subīvit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155: subivimus, Claud. ap. Tac. A. 11, 24 dub.), v. n. and a., to come or go under any thing; to come or go up to, to approach, draw near, advance or proceed to a place; to come or go on; to follow, succeed; to go down, sink; to come up, spring up (cf. succedo).

Lit.

In gen.:

subire sub falas,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 10:

in nemoris latebras,

Ov. M. 4, 601; cf.: in aliquem locum, to enter, Auct. B. Alex. 74, 4:

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12, 1:

in adversos montes,

id. 41, 18, 11:

testudine factā subeunt,

advance, Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 7:

Albani subiere ad montes,

Liv. 1, 28, 5:

subire ad portam castrorum,

id. 34, 16, 2; cf.:

ad urbem subeunt,

id. 31, 45, 4; 39, 27, 10; 36, 19, 1; and:

subeundum erat ad hostes,

id. 2, 31, 4:

ad tecta subibant,

Verg. A. 8, 359.—With dat.:

muro subibant,

Verg. A. 7, 161; so,

muro,

id. ib. 9, 371:

portu Chaonio (with accedere urbem),

id. ib. 3, 292:

luco,

id. ib. 8, 125:

dumis,

Sil. 5, 283:

ingenti feretro,

Verg. A. 6, 222:

age cervici inponere nostrae: Ipse subibo umeris,

id. ib. 2, 708:

per vices subeunt elephanti,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

pone subit conjux,

follows, Verg. A. 2, 725; so Val. Fl. 4, 197; cf.:

dexterae alae sinistra subiit,

Liv. 27, 2, 7:

subeuntis alii aliis in custodiam,

id. 25, 37, 6; and:

subiit argentea proles,

Ov. M. 1, 114:

subit ipse meumque Explet opus,

succeeds me, takes my place, id. ib. 3, 648:

Volscus saxa objacentia pedibus ingerit in subeuntes,

climbing, Liv. 2, 65, 4:

vel eodem amne vel Euphrate subire eos posse,

i. e. sail up stream, Curt. 9, 10, 3; cf.:

adverso amne Babylona subituros,

id. 10, 1, 16.—

Of things:

stamen a stando: subtemen, quod subit stamini,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.:

cum luna sub orbem solis subisset,

Liv. 37, 4, 4:

tertio die mixtum flumini subibat mare,

Curt. 9, 9, 7:

venae nonnumquam incipiente febre subeunt,

the pulse sinks, Cels. 3, 6 med.:

subeunt herbae,

come up, spring up, Verg. G. 1, 180; so,

barba,

i. e. sprouts, grows, Mart. 7, 83, 2:

subisse aquam in caelum,

Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 32.—

In partic., to come on secretly, to advance or approach stealthily, to steal upon, steal into ( poet.), Prop. 1, 9, 26; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 1, 742.—

Trop.

In gen., to come in, succeed, take place; to enter stealthily, come secretly or by degrees: in quarum locum subierunt inquilinae impietas, perfidia, impudentia, Varr. ap. Non. 403, 27:

fugere pudor verumque fidesque: In quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolique,

Ov. M. 1, 130:

pulchra subit facies,

id. ib. 14, 827:

subit ecce priori Causa recens,

id. ib. 3, 259:

an subit (amor) et tacitā callidus arte nocet?

id. Am. 1, 2, 6: subeunt morbi [p. 1775] tristisque senectus, Verg. G. 3, 67:

namque graves morbi subeunt segnisque senectus,

Nemes. Cyn. 117; cf.:

duo pariter subierunt incommoda,

arise, come up, Quint. 5, 10, 100:

ne subeant animo taedia justa tuo,

Ov. P. 4, 15, 30:

regio, quā vero ipsa subit ad Medos,

approaches, Plin. 6, 26, 29, § 115. —

In partic., to come into the mind, to occur, suggest itself:

omnes sententiae verbaque omnia sub acumen stili subeant et succedant necesse est,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 151:

cum in loca aliqua post tempus reversi sumus, quae in his fecerimus, reminiscimur personaeque subeunt,

Quint. 11, 2, 17:

cum subeant audita aut cognita nobis,

Ov. M. 15, 307:

subit umbra,

id. ib. 12, 591:

subeunt illi fratresque parensque,

id. ib. 11. 542:

subiit cari genitoris imago... subiit deserta Creusa Et direpta domus et parvi casus Iuli,

Verg. A. 2, 560 sq.; Tac. A. 1, 13:

subeant animo Latmia saxa tuo,

Ov. H. 18, 62:

ne subeant animo taedia,

id. P. 4, 15, 30:

quantum subire animo sustinueris, tantum tecum auferas,

to grasp with the mind, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 7.—

Subit, with subj. - or rel.-clause ( poet. and in postAug. prose), Ov. M. 2, 755:

quo magis ac magis admirari subit,

Plin. 12, prooem. § 2;

35, 7, 31, § 49: misereri sortis humanae subit,

id. 25, 3, 7, § 23:

quid sim, quid fuerimque subit,

Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 38.

Lit.

In gen., to come or go under, to enter; to submit to; to approach, etc.:

exercitatissimi in armis, qui inter annos XIV. tectum non subissent,

had not come under a roof, Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

tecta,

Quint. 2, 16, 6; Ov. M. 6, 669:

jam subeunt Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta,

Verg. A. 6, 13:

limina victor Alcides subiit,

id. ib. 8, 363:

domos,

Ov. M. 1, 121:

penates,

id. ib. 5, 650:

macra cavum repetes artum, quem macra subisti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33:

cum novies subiere paludem,

had plunged under, Ov. M. 15, 358; id. F. 1, 314:

et juncti currum dominae subiere leones,

Verg. A. 3, 313:

leones jugum subeant,

Plin. 10, 45, 62, § 128:

asellus gravius dorso subiit onus,

i. e. submits to, receives, Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

subire iniquissimum locum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27: iniquum locum, Auct. B. Alex. 76, 2; id. B. Hisp. 24, 3:

collem,

to go up, mount, climb, scale, Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:

consules utrimque aciem subeuntium jam muros adgrediuntur,

Liv. 7, 12, 3:

muros,

id. 27, 18:

impositum saxis Anxur,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 25:

si subeuntur prospera castra,

Juv. 16, 2 et saep.:

perfurit, Fadumque Herbesumque subit,

comes up to, attacks, assails, Verg. A. 9, 344; cf.:

interim fallendus est judex et variis artibus subeundus,

Quint. 4, 5, 5:

precibus commota Tonantem Juno subit,

approaches, Stat. Th. 9, 510:

subit ille minantem,

id. ib. 8, 84:

Aeneae mucronem,

Verg. A. 10, 798:

qui procul hostium conspectu subibant aquam,

Curt. 4, 13, 10:

Hispo subit juvenes, i. e. paedicat,

Juv. 2, 50.—

Of things:

umbra subit terras,

Ov. M. 11, 61:

quos (lucos) aquae subeunt et aurae,

enter, Hor. C. 3, 4, 8:

montes Trasimenus,

Liv. 22, 4, 2:

litora pelagus, Mel. praef. 2: mare quod Ciliciam subit,

Curt. 7, 3, 19:

radices (petrae) Indus amnis subit,

id. 8, 11, 7:

clarus subit Alba Latinum,

succeeds, Ov. M. 14, 612 (al. clarus subit ecce Latinum Epytus); cf. id. ib. 1, 114:

furcas subiere columnae,

come into the place of, succeed, id. ib. 8, 700:

aqua subit altitudinem exortus sui,

rises to, reaches, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57:

lunamque deficere cum aut terram subiret aut sole premeretur,

Curt. 4, 10, 5.—

In partic., to approach secretly, to steal upon or into (cf. supra, I. A. 2.):

multi Nomine divorum thalamos subiere pudicos,

Ov. M. 3, 282:

subit furtim lumina fessa sopor,

id. H. 19, 56.—

Trop.

In gen. (very rare):

sera deinde poenitentia subiit regem,

came upon, overtook, Curt. 3, 2, 19.—

In partic.

To come into, enter, occur to one's mind (cf. supra, I. B. 2.):

deinde cogitatio animum subiit, indignum esse, etc.,

Liv. 36, 20:

ut beneficiorum memoria subiret animos patrum,

id. 37, 49, 3:

spes animum subibat deflagrare iras vestras posse,

id. 40, 8, 9:

otiosum animum aliae cogitationes,

Quint. 11, 2, 33:

majora intellectu animos non subibunt,

id. 1, 2, 28:

mentem subit, quo praemia facto, etc.,

Ov. M. 12, 472; 7, 170:

subit ergo regem verecundia,

Curt. 5, 2, 15:

me recordantem miseratio,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 10: feminas voluptas, id. Pan. 22, 3:

horum cogitatio subibat exercitum,

Curt. 7, 1, 4.—

To follow in speech, interrupt, answer (post - class. and rare):

dicturum plura parentem Voce subis,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 352:

subit ille loquentem talibus,

id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 173; id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 133.—

(The figure taken from stooping under a load, under blows, etc.) To subject one's self to, take upon one's self an evil; to undergo, submit to, sustain, endure, suffer it (class.;

a favorite expression of Cic.): omnes terrores periculaque omnia succurram atque subibo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

omnia tela intenta in patriam subire atque excipere,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

quis est non ultro appetendus, subeundus, excipiendus dolor?

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

subire vim atque injuriam,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:

inimicitiae sunt: subeantur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 182:

maximas rei publicae tempestates,

id. Mur. 2, 4:

invidiam, pericula, tempestates,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

nefarias libidinum contumelias turpitudinesque,

id. Pis. 35, 86:

potentiam, victoriam,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:

contumeliarum verbera,

id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

majora Verbera,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 120:

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

fortunam,

id. Fam. 14, 5, 1:

judicium multitudinis imperitae,

id. Fl. 1, 2:

odium eorum,

id. Att. 11, 17, 2:

usum omnium,

id. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

aliquid invidiae aut criminis,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

quemque casum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3:

quamvis carnificinam,

id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

dupli poenam,

id. Off. 3, 16, 65:

legis vim,

id. Caecin. 34, 100:

summae crudelitatis famam,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

minus sermonis,

id. Att. 11, 6, 2:

poenam exsilii,

Val. Max. 6, 5, 3:

simultates,

Plin. Ep. 2, 18, 5:

offensas,

id. ib. 13, 9, 26:

periculum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 7:

jam tum peregrinos ritus novā subeunte fortunā,

Curt. 4, 6, 29. —With inf., to attempt, try, undertake:

adversa tela pellere,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 105:

clavum torquere,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 46.— Hence, sŭbĭtus, a, um, P. a., that has come on suddenly or unexpectedly, i. e. sudden, unexpected (freq. and class.; cf.:

repens, improvisus): res subita,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 23:

in rebus tam subitis,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 2:

maris subita tempestas,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 52:

subita et improvisa formido,

id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

laetitia, etc.,

Auct. Her. 1, 8, 13:

subita pugna, non praeparata,

Quint. 7, 1, 35:

ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

novae rei ac subitae admiratio,

Liv. 2, 2:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

incursiones hostium,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 11:

ministeria belli,

Liv. 4, 27:

imbres,

Lucr. 5, 216:

vis,

id. 1, 286; 4, 1210:

res,

id. 6, 1282:

mors,

Quint. 7, 2, 14:

casus,

id. 10, 3, 3; Suet. Aug. 73:

tristia,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 12:

silentium,

Quint. 12, 5, 3: miles, hastily collected (opp. vetus expertusque;

syn. subitarius),

Tac. H. 4, 76; cf.:

aqua mulsa subita ac recens (opp. inveterata),

Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 110: imagines non subitae, not newly sprung up, i. e. old, ancient, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

homo,

rash, Cic. Pis. Fragm. 5: clivi, sudden, i. e. steep, Stat. Th. 6, 258.—Esp., = subito (post-Aug.):

non percussor ille subitus erumpet?

Quint. 6, 2, 31; so,

manūs dux Trapezuntem subitus irrupit,

Tac. H. 3, 47:

subitum inopinatumque venisse,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 3:

evadere,

Flor. 4, 2, 59.—

As subst.: sŭbĭtum, i. n., a sudden or unexpected thing, a sudden occurrence, etc.:

Lesbonicum foras evocate: ita subitum'st, propere eum conventum volo,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 51; cf.:

subitum est ei remigrare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 2:

si tibi subiti nihil est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 36:

in subito,

Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 143.—In plur.:

ut subitis ex tempore occurrant,

Quint. 10, 7, 30; cf.:

etiam fortes viros subitis terreri,

Tac. A. 15, 59:

quamvis non deficeretur ad subita extemporali facultate,

Suet. Aug. 84:

si repentina ac subita dominantur,

Sen. Ep. 16, 6: sive meditata sive subita proferret, whether he spoke after deliberation or off-hand, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—With gen.:

ad subita rerum,

Liv. 9, 43:

ad subita belli,

id. 6, 32; 25, 15, 20; Flor. 1, 1, 11.—

Adverb., suddenly, unexpectedly:

per subitum erumpit clamor,

Sil. 10, 505; so,

per subitum,

id. 7, 594; 8, 628; 12, 654; 14, 330; 15, 145;

15, 404: in subitum,

id. 7, 527: ad subitum, Cassiod. Var. praef. med. —Hence, adv.: sŭbĭtō, suddenly, unexpectedly (freq. and class.; cf.: repente, extemplo, ilico): ut subito, ut propere, ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 4:

nova res subito mihi haec objecta est,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 7:

ita abripuit repente sese subito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 21:

subito tanta te impendent mala,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 2:

cum tot bella subito atque improviso nascantur,

Cic. Font. 19, 42:

ex oculis subito fugit,

Verg. G. 4, 499:

cum subito ecce,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 30:

ut subito nostras Hymen cantatus ad aures Venit,

Ov. H. 12, 137; Curt. 9, 9, 19:

subito deficere,

Quint. 7, 2, 14:

quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantus subito timor omnem exercitum occupavit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

subito opprimi,

Liv. 41, 3:

si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 17 et. saep.:

subito dicere,

without preparation, extempore, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

quod vox et gestus subito sumi non potest,

id. ib. 1, 59, 252:

neque potest quisquam nostrum subito fingi,

id. Sull. 25, 69:

aliquid subito ex tempore conjectura explicare,

id. Div. 1, 33, 72; so,

dicere,

Quint. 10, 3, 30; 11, 3, 12:

inventa (opp. domo allata),

id. 4, 5, 4:

cum subito evaserunt,

Col. 9, 9, 3:

tam subito copias contrahere non potuit,

so quickly, Nep. Dat. 7, 3.

alternātīo, ōnis, f. [alterno], an interchange, an alternation (post-class.).

In gen.: per vices successio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 7 Müll.; Macr. S. 7, 5:

pedes incertis alternationibus commovere,

App. M. 10, p. 243, 12.—

Esp., t. t. in the jurists, an alternative, this or that, Dig. 47, 10, 7; 13, 4, 2; 11, 3, 9.

ănhēlĭtus, ūs, m. [id.].

A difficulty of breathing, panting, puffing (class. for the post-Aug. anhelatio):

ex cursurā anhelitum ducere,

to pant, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 61:

nimiae celeritates gressus cum fiunt, anhelitus moventur,

quickness of breathing is caused, Cic. Off. 1, 36, 131:

anhelitum vix sufferre,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 4:

anhelitum recipere,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 21: sublimis anhelitus, deep, * Hor. C. 1, 15, 31:

creber,

quick, Quint. 11, 3, 55:

vastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus,

painful panting, Verg. A. 5, 432:

aridus e lasso veniebat anhelitus ore,

Ov. M. 10, 663; Sen. Ep. 54; Gell. 12, 5.—As a disease, the asthma (cf. anhelatio), Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 180.—

A.. In gen., breathing, breath:

unguentorum odor, vini anhelitus,

breath smelling of wine, Cic. Red. in Sen. 7, 16:

male odorati anhelitus oris,

bad breath, Ov. A. A. 1, 521:

anhelitum reddere ac per vices recipere,

to breathe out and in, Plin. 9, 7, 6, § 16 al. —

Metaph., of other things, breath, exhalation, vapor:

credo etiam anhelitus quosdam fuisse terrarum, quibus inflatae mentes oracula funderent,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 115:

placet Stoicos eos anhelitus terrae, qui frigidi sunt, cum fluere coeperint, ventos esse,

id. ib. 2, 19, 44.

sŭi ( gen.), dat. sibī̆, acc. and abl. se or sese, sing. and plur. (old dat. sibei, C. I. L. 1, 38; 1, 1056;

1, 1180 et saep.: sibe,

ib. 1, 1267; 5, 300; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 24; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 180 sq.; on the quantity of the final i, v. Ritschl, Opusc. 2, p. 632 sqq.; old acc. sed, C. I. L. 1, 196, 13 sq.; 1, 197, 21; strengthened acc. sepse = se ipse, Cic. Rep. 3, 8, 12; cf. Sen. Ep. 108, 32:

semet,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 78; Liv. 2, 12, 7; 2, 44, 8 al.), pron. of 3d pers. in recipr. and reflex. sense [Sanscr. sva-, svajam-, self; Gr. he, We, sphe (hou, hoi, he); cf. suus, old Lat. sovos; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 396; Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 54], of himself, of herself, of itself, of themselves; one another, each other, etc.; him, her, it, them; and, as subj. of inf., he, she, it, they (on the use of se or sese in acc., cf.: ut se dicamus, cum aliquem quid in alium fecisse ostendimus, ut puta: ille dicit se hoc illi fecisse;

cum autem in se ipsum, tunc dicamus sese, velut: dixit sese hoc sibi fecisse,

Charis. 1, 15, p. 86 P.; but the distinction is not commonly observed; the two forms being used indifferently, except that sese is preferred where there is emphasis, especially at the beginning or end of a clause, or in reference to a preceding ipse; v. infra; and cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 182 sqq.).

Prop., as pron. reflex., of an object considered as receiving or affected by its own act, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

In all clauses, referring to the grammatical subject of the clause.

As direct obj. of verb:

dedistine gladium, qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92:

artis eloquar quem ad modum se expediant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 10:

se in plagas conicere,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

numquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem,

id. ib. 3, 2, 58: se aperiunt, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

adplicat ad Chrysidis patrem se,

id. ib. 5, 4, 22:

si is posset ab ea sese avellere,

id. Hec. 4, 1, 39:

hi se ad nos adplicant,

id. Heaut. 2, 4, 13:

per eos, ne causam diceret, se eripuit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

cum ferrum se inflexisset,

id. ib. 1, 25:

praecipites fugae sese mandabant,

id. ib. 2, 24:

si se telo defenderet fur,

Cic. Mil. 3, 9:

Catoni licuit Tusculi se in otio delectare,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

solum igitur quod se ipsum movet, numquam ne moveri quidem desinit,

id. ib. 6, 25, 27:

statim homo se erexit,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60:

majores acceperamus se a Gallis auro redemisse,

Liv. 22, 59, 7:

in montem sese recipere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 26; Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63:

ad inpedimenta se conferre,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

sese alicui ad pedes proicere,

id. ib. 1, 31:

se gerere,

to behave, Cic. Agr. 2, 19, 53:

sic se res habet, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 67, 271; id. Fin. 1, 7, 25; 5, 10, 27 sq.:

quod uxor sua ex fico se suspendisset,

Quint. 6, 3, 88. — Strengthened by ipse, nom.:

hic se ipsus fallit,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 15:

ut se ipse diliget,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

ipse enim se quisque diligit,

id. Lael. 21, 80:

ita non modo superiores, sed etiam se ipse correxerat,

id. Or. 52, 176:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. Fin. 5, 9, 24:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4, 3:

miles se ipse interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51; 4, 11:

ne, ignorando regem, semet ipse aperiret quis esset,

Liv. 2, 12, 7:

nec sese ipsi gravant,

Quint. 1, 12, 10.—Sometimes acc.:

inperator qui se ipsum non continet,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

quid est enim se ipsum colligere, nisi, etc.,

id. Tusc. 4, 36, 78; 1, 23, 53:

ut quidam imperatores se ipsos dis inmortalibus devoverent,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 10:

quod si se ipsos illi nostri liberatores e conspectu nostro abstulerunt,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

admovisse semet ipsos lateri suo,

Curt. 7, 1, 14:

gladio se ipsam transfixit,

Vell. 2, 26, 3.—In gerund. construction:

ne sui in perpetuum liberandi occasionem dimittant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 38; 3, 6; 4, 34:

principes sui conservandi causa profugerunt,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

maximam causam ad se inundandam terra praestabit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 4.—

As indirect obj.:

animo servit, non sibi,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27:

sapiens ipsus fingit fortunam sibi,

id. ib. 2, 2, 84:

ne ibi diffregisset crura aut cervices sibi,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 126:

nil aliud nisi quod sibi soli placet consulit,

id. Trin. 2, 3, 4:

quaerunt sibi liberos,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 21:

aurum habeat sibi,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 108:

illum multae sibi expetessunt,

id. ib. 4, 6, 16:

tum me convivam solum abducebat sibi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 17:

non sibi soli postulat, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 2, 27:

nunc sibi uxorem expetit,

id. And. 3, 2, 40:

is sibi legationem ad civitates suscepit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin exirent, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 33:

hoc sibi nomen adrogare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50; 1, 5, 9:

alia sunt tamquam sibi nata,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 63:

proposita sibi morte,

id. Sest. 21, 48; id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

ne, illo cunctante, Numidae sibi consulant,

Sall. J. 62, 1:

ut populum Romanum sibi desumerent hostem,

Liv. 7, 20, 5:

Turnus, praelatum sibi advenam aegre patiens,

id. 1, 2:

petebant ut regis sui filiam matrimonio sibi jungeret,

Curt. 8, 1, 9:

nemo sibi tantummodo errat,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 4:

locum sibi ad formam sui exsculpsit,

id. Q. N. 4, 3, 4.—With ipse:

ipse tantos sibi spiritus sumpserat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin.:

nec ipsi sibi exemplo sunt,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

iste, quasi praeda sibi advecta, ducit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 64:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

voluntarium non sibimet ipse solum, sed etiam funeri suo exilium indixit,

Liv. 39, 52, 9:

proinde consulant sibi ipsi,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

avaritia, quae quicquid omnibus abstulit, sibi ipsi neget,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 6; cf. Cic. Marc. 5, 13. —

After substt., adjj., etc.:

omnino est amans sui virtus,

Cic. Lael. 26, 98:

ut sit sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7:

omnem naturam esse servatricem sui,

Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 26:

cum videret, si non paruisset, dissimilem se futurum sui,

id. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: nihil malo quam et me mei similem esse et illos sui, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A, 2:

habetis ducem memorem vestri, oblitum sui,

Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

potens sui,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 41:

nihil est tam incontinens sui,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 6:

quod sibi obsit, quia sit sibi inimicus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 28: inimicus ipse [p. 1795] sibi putandus est, id. ib.:

cum ipsi homines sibi sint per se cari,

id. ib. 5, 13, 38:

Medus infestus sibi,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 19:

crescit indulgens sibi hydrops,

id. ib. 2, 2, 13; cf.:

nec enim utilius quicquam est quam sibi utilem fieri,

Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5:

Campanus se digna probra in insontem jacere,

Liv. 25, 18, 8:

(mundus) se ipse consumptione alebat sui,

Cic. Univ. 6:

cum multa adsoleat veritas praebere vestigia sui,

Liv. 40, 54, 8:

caecus amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

sui contemptor,

Quint. 12, 1, 20:

in spem sui bonam adducitur,

Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 3:

(aer) ima sui parte maxime varius est,

id. Q. N. 2, 11, 1:

ipsa (virtus) pretium sui,

id. Vit. Beat. 9, 4:

neque est quod existimes illum vilem sibi fuisse: pretium se sui fecit,

id. Ben. 1, 9, 1:

saepe taedio laboris ad vilitatem sui compelluntur ignavi,

Curt. 5, 9, 7:

nemo non benignus est sui judex,

Sen. Ben. 2, 26, 1:

Romanus in ipso fine vitae vindex sui exstitit,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 11:

equestris ordinis juventus omnibus annis bis urbem spectaculo sui celebrabat,

id. 2, 2, 9; cf. with ipse:

utpote ipsa sui appellatione virorum majestati debitum a feminis reddens honorem,

id. 2, 1, 7. —

With prepp.:

qui admisit in se culpam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 6:

culpam ut ab se segregent,

id. ib. 1, 2, 42:

segregat ab se omnis,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 17; 4, 6, 62:

me ad se deduxit,

id. ib. 2, 1, 121; 3, 1, 118; id. Ps. 3, 2, 6:

quae me non excludit ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

id. Men. 4, 2, 108:

habet aliud (negotium) magis ex se et majus,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 51:

et fingunt quandam inter se nunc fallaciam,

id. ib. 1, 3, 15:

duxit secum virginem,

id. Eun. 2, 1, 23; Cic. Att. 5, 17, 3; Liv. 35, 30; 43, 18:

ex se generare,

Quint. 1, 1, 36: — pro se quisque = unusquisque, every one, each one singly, etc., freq. in Livy (cf. suus, II. D. 2.):

Pro se quisque id quod quisque potest... Edit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 76:

pro se quisque alius agnum inmolabat, alius pullum,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 6, 2:

pro se quisque sedulo Faciebant,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 74:

cum pro se quisque tenderet ad portas,

Liv. 6, 3; 6, 8; 1, 9; 1, 59;

2, 6: — Boiosque receptos ad se socios sibi adsciscunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5 fin.:

exercitum ante se mittit,

id. ib. 1, 21:

supra se collocare,

id. ib. 1, 24:

ex materia in se omnia recipiente mundum factum esse,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

litteras ad se ab amico missas protulit,

id. Phil. 2, 4, 7:

praedam prae se agentes,

Liv. 5, 45; 38, 21:

quam (rem publicam) exercitus, quantum in se fuit, prodebat,

id. 2, 43; 9, 40; Nep. Iphic. 3, 4; cf. id. Hann. 12, 2 (v. infra, II. B. 2.):

quibus poterat sauciis ductis secum,

Liv. 4, 39.—Rarely referring to subj. inf.:

nam dicere apud eum de facinore... cum per se ipsum consideres, grave est,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 4:

non quia per se beatum est malo caruisse,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 6. —

With inf. pass. in obj.-clause:

ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

quibus (nominibus) illae res publicae sese appellari velint,

id. ib. 1, 33, 50:

qui se minus timidos existimari volebant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 6.—

As predicate ( = suus, II. B. 2. d; very rare):

quisquis est deus, si modo est alius... totus est sensuus, totus visuus, totus audituus, totus animae, totus animi, totus sui,

in his own power, independent, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14. —

Referring to a logical subject, other than the grammatical subj. of the clause.

To a definite subj.:

neque praeter se umquam ei servos fuit,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 48:

hunc aiebant indignum civitate ac sese vivere,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 176: exercitum consumptum videtis;

quem turpiter se ex fuga recipientem ne qua civitas recipiat, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.:

reliquos sese convertere cogunt,

id. B. C. 1, 46:

multis illi in urbibus reficiendi se et curandi potestas fuit,

Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 6:

cur his persequendi juris sui adimis potestatem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

cum nihil sit periculosius quam spatium confirmandi sese Antonio dari,

id. Fam. 10, 33, 5:

tantam ingenuit animantibus conservandi sui natura custodiam,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

neque sui colligendi hostibus facultatem relinquunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

ut quam minimum spatii ad se colligendos Romanis daretur,

id. ib. 3, 19; 3, 4; 4, 34; Hirt. B. G. 8, 16:

Gallica acies nullum spatium respirandi recipiendique se dedit,

Liv. 10, 28, 11:

nec raptis aut spes de se melior aut indignatio est minor,

id. 1, 9, 14: Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educari, id. 1, 5, 5:

proelium cum fiducia sui commissum est,

id. 7, 33, 5; 10, 14, 17:

detecta fraus cautiores Thyreensis fecit: dato responso, nullam se novam societatem accepturos, etc.,

id. 36, 12, 8:

patres censuerunt, qui honorem, quem sibi capere per leges liceret, peteret, etc.,

id. 32, 7, 11:

jusso magistro equitum abdicare se magistratu,

id. 4, 35; 22, 33, 12:

haec cum apud timentes sibimet ipsos increpuissent,

id. 6, 37, 1:

ab ipso, quaerenti sibi commendationem ad gentem monitus,

id. 36, 8, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

signa peditum, prae se habentium scuta,

id. 38, 21, 3:

invenere oppidanos vim hostium ab se arcentes,

id. 6, 9, 7:

exire enim sua secum efferentibus jussis primum arma ademit,

id. 43, 18, 11; cf.

§ 10: quos in numerum pecorum redegit ignoratio sui,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 5, 2:

quia nullum illis sui regimen est,

id. Ep. 94, 67:

inter se nihil inlicitum,

Tac. H. 5, 5; 1, 64:

quasi objurgatio sui est,

Quint. 11, 3, 49.—

To indefinite subj.:

deforme est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:

posse enim liberalitate uti non spoliantem se patrimonio nimirum est pecuniae fructus maximus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 64:

non arbitrari sese scire quod nesciat,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:

cui proposita sit conservatio sui,

id. Fin. 5, 13, 37:

sic amicitiae... effectrices sunt voluptatum tam amicis quam sibi,

id. ib. 1, 20, 67:

amare... etiam si ad se ex iis nihil redeat,

id. ib. 2, 24, 78:

(judicatio) quae aut sui laudem aut adversarii vituperationem contineat,

id. Inv. 1, 51, 97; id. Or. 36, 124; id. Off. 1, 39, 139:

ut, quanti quisque se faciat, tanti fiat ab amicis,

id. Lael. 16, 59; id. Off. 1, 28, 99; id. Rosc. Com. 17, 52 fin.:

si nullus ex se metus aut spes,

Tac. A. 2, 38:

ceterum et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices,

Quint. 9, 2, 14:

sibi servire gravissima est servitus,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 17:

quam multa sunt vota, quae etiam sibi fateri pudet,

id. Ben. 6, 38, 5:

nec haec vilitas sui est,

id. Clem. 1, 3, 4:

culpa est, immiscere se rei ad se non pertinenti,

Dig. 50, 17, 36:

profecto est supplicio se liberare tam facile quam supplicium perpeti,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 6.

Hence, in dependent clauses, transf., as pers. pron. 3d pers., with reflex. reference, him, her, it, them; he, she, they, etc.

In gen., of an obj. indentified with,

The gram. subj. of the principal clause:

qui omnis se amare credit, quemque aspexerit,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 14:

illa mulier lapidem silicem subigere ut se amet, potest,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 77; id. Cas. prol. 46:

orare jussit, si se ames, jam ut ad sese venias,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 4:

ait, si... non id metuat, ne, ubi acceperim, Sese relinquam,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 61:

timet animum amicae se erga ut sit suae,

id. Heaut. 1, 2, 15:

utrumque jussit interfici, alterum, quia viam demonstravisset interimendi sui,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 60:

qui precabantur, ut sibi sui liberi superstites essent,

id. N. D. 2, 28, 72; id. Prov. Cons. 17, 42:

ne ipse quidem sua tanta eloquentia mihi persuasisset, ut se dimitterem,

id. Or. 28, 100:

impetrat a senatu, ut dies sibi prorogaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:

hunc sibi ex animo scrupulum, qui se dies noctisque stimulat, ut evellatis, postulat,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Iccius nuntios ad eum mittit, nisi subsidium sibi submittatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6 fin.:

quos cum apud se conspexisset... quid ad se venirent,

id. ib. 1, 47:

mittit, qui petant atque orent, ut sibi subveniat,

id. B. C. 1, 17:

Scipionem Hannibal eo ipso, quod adversus se dux lectus esset, praestantem virum credebat,

Liv. 21, 39, 8:

Pausanias orare coepit, ne se prodiret,

Nep. Paus. 8, 6:

cum ejus principes animadvertisset timere, ne propter se bellum eis Lacedaemonii indicerent,

id. Them. 8, 3:

Ubii legatos mittunt, qui doceant... neque ab se fidem laesam,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

tum Volero, ubi indignantium pro se acerrimus erat clamor, etc.,

Liv. 2, 55, 6:

transfugit, patris in se saevitiam conquerens,

id. 1, 53, 5:

praesidia imposuit in urbibus, quae ad se defecerant,

Sall. J. 61, 1:

navigia sarcina depressa parum ostendunt non aquam sibi resistere?

Sen. Q. N. 2, 9, 3.—So in phrases incorporated with a principal clause:

Nicias vehementer tua sui memoria delectatur,

Cic. Att. 13, 1, 3:

nihil est appetentius similium sui,

id. Lael. 14, 50: Pompeius facultatem sui insequendi ademerat, Caes. B. C. 1, 29:

praefectum in se ruentem trans fixit,

Curt. 4, 16, 23:

rediere cum legatis ad redimendos sese missis,

Liv. 22, 59, 18:

potestatem omnibus adeundi sui fecit,

Suet. Tib. 40:

Germanicus legiones universas sibi summam reipublicae deferentes compescuit,

id. Calig. 1:

quam si di inmortales potestatem visendi sui faciant,

Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 9:

(terra) non potest tam multa tantoque se ipsa majora nutrire, nisi, etc.,

id. Q. N. 6, 16, 3.—

Of an obj. indentified with a logical subj., other than the gram. subj. of the leading clause:

a Caesare valde liberaliter invitor, sibi ut sim legatus,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 3:

horum unum quidque... a se potius quam ab adversariis stare demonstrabitur,

id. Inv. 1, 43, 81; id. Mil. 16, 44:

nam mihi scito jam a regibus adlatas esse litteras, quibus mihi gratias agant, quod se mea sententia reges appellaverim,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

testem rei publicae relinquere, meae perpetuae erga se voluntatis,

id. ib. 1, 4, 10:

quos non tam ulcisci studeo quam sanare sibi ipsos,

id. Cat. 2, 8, 17:

quo ex oppido cum legati ad eum venissent oratum, ut sibi ignosceret,

Caes. B. G. 7, 12; Liv. 6, 42; 1, 5:

cum ei in suspitionem venisset, aliquid in epistula de se esse scriptum,

Nep. Paus. 4, 1:

cohortem octavam decimam Lugduni, solitis sibi hibernis, relinqui placuit,

Tac. H. 1, 64. —

In partic., in reported words or thoughts (orat. obliqua) referring to the person to whom they are ascribed.

As subj. or obj., direct or indirect, with inf.:

quos Hannibal misit astrictos jure jurando se redituros esse, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 40:

Postumius mihi nuntiavit... se a Marcello ad me missum esse,

id. Fam. 4, 12, 2:

qui dixisse fertur a se visum esse Romulum... eum sibi mandasse ut populum rogaret ut sibi eo in colle delubrum fieret: se deum esse,

id. Rep. 2, 10, 20; id. Mil. 35, 95 sqq.:

nuntium mittit... sese diutius sustinere non posse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6 fin.:

Divitiacus Caesarem obsecrare coepit... scire se illa esse vera, nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere... sese tamen amore fraterno commoveri,

id. ib. 1, 20:

unum se esse, qui, etc.... ob eam rem se ex civitate profugisse,

id. ib. 1, 31:

haec sibi esse curae,

id. ib. 1, 40:

non sese Gallis, sed Gallos sibi bellum intulisse,

id. ib. 1, 44:

ipsos se inter multitudinem militum occultasse,

id. ib. 7, 38:

sensit Themistocles, si eo pervenisset, sibi esse pereundum,

Nep. Them. 8, 6:

dato responso (sc. a Thyreensibus), nullam se novam societatem accepturos,

Liv. 36, 12, 8.—

In subordinate clauses, questions, exhortations, etc., with subj.

In gen.:

qui abs te taciti requirunt, cur sibi hoc oneris imposueris, cur se potissimum delegeris,

Cic. Planc. 18, 46; 2, 6; id. Marc. 10, 30:

conclamavit, quid ad se venirent?

Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

unum petere ac deprecari... ne se armis despoliaret,

id. ib. 2, 31:

ad quos cum Caesar nuntios misisset, qui postularent, eos qui sibi bellum intulissent, sibi dederent,

id. ib. 4, 16:

cur sui quicquam esse imperii trans Rhenum postularet?

id. ib.:

Cicero respondit, si ab armis discedere velint, se adjutore utantur,

id. ib. 5, 41:

Veneti legationem ad Crassum mittunt, si velit suos recipere, obsides sibi remittat,

id. ib. 7, 4:

rex ignarus quae legati ejus (Hannibalis) ad se adlaturi fuissent,

Liv. 23, 39:

hac necessitate coactus, domino navis, qui sit, aperit, multa pollicens, si se conservasset,

Nep. Them. 8, 6:

legatos in Bithyniam miserunt, qui ab rege peterent, ne inimicissimum suum secum haberent sibique dederet (for secum, v. I. A. 4. supra),

id. Hann. 12, 2.—

Esp., in subordinate clauses (sub-oblique), with subj. expressing the assertion or view of the person reported as speaking:

magnam Caesarem injuriam facere, qui vectigalia sibi deteriora faceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

quod sibi Caesar denuntiaret,

id. ib.:

sed eo deceptum, quod neque commissum a se intellegeret, quare timeret,

id. ib. 1, 14:

quod nec paratus... obsecutus esset, credidissetque, cum se vidissent Aetoli, omnia, etc.,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

Ambiorix locutus est,... sua esse ejusmodi imperia, ut non minus haberet juris in se multitudo, quam ipse in multitudinem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

Divitiacus ait,... nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere, propterea quod per se crevisset,

id. ib. 1, 20: eos incusavit, quod sibi [p. 1796] quaerendum aut cogitandum putarent, etc., id. ib. 1, 40:

decima legio Caesari gratias egit, quod de se optimum judicium fecisset,

id. ib. 1, 41:

doluisse se, quod populi Romani beneficium sibi extorqueretur,

id. B. C. 1, 9:

tum ei dormienti eundem visum esse rogare ut, quoniam sibi vivo non subvenisset, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57:

Scipionem Hannibal eo ipso, quod adversus se dux potissimum lectus esset, praestantem virum credebat,

Liv. 21, 39, 8:

Pausanias orare coepit... quod si eam veniam sibi dedisset, magno ei praemio futurum,

Nep. Paus. 4, 6:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

id. ib. 4, 3:

Caesar legatos cum his mandatis mittit, Quoniam... hanc sibi populoque Romano gratiam referret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

nos esse iniquos, quod in suo jure se interpellaremus,

id. ib. 1, 44:

neque ipsos in his contentionibus, quas Aedui secum habuissent, usos esse, etc.,

id. ib.:

maximae sibi laetitiae esse praedicavit, quod aliquos patria sua se meliores viros haberet,

Val. Max. 6, 4, ext. 5.—Rarely with indic. when the author asserts the action as a fact: Volero, ubi indignantium pro se acerrimus erat clamor, etc. ( = eo; cf.

infra, C.),

Liv. 2, 55, 6.—

Without reflex. reference, = an oblique case of is or ipse (in the best prose rare, and mostly where the conception of the orat. obliq. is suggested by the context; cf.

B. 2. b. supra): i, seis, jube transire huc quantum possit, se ut videant domi Familiares ( = eam),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 26; 1, 1, 6:

me misit miles ad Eam... ut hinc in Elatiam hodie eat secum semul,

id. Bacch. 4, 2, 9:

ut eum, qui se hic vidit, verbis vincat, ne is se viderit,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 31; cf. v. 35;

3, 2, 54: ut eam in se dignam condicicnem conlocem,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 122:

ipsi hi mihi dant viam, quo pacto ab se argentum auferam,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 9; id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

dicit capram, quam dederam servandam sibi, etc.,

id. Merc. 2, 1, 15:

unum hoc scio, esse meritam, ut memor esses sui,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

cum Epaminondas accusatur, quod ei, qui sibi ex lege praetor successerat, exercitum non tradiderit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 33, 55:

et se ipsum nobis, et eos, qui ante se fuerunt, in medio posuit,

id. ib. 2, 2, 7 (but B. and K. bracket se):

Dexo hic, quem videtis, non quae privatim sibi eripuisti, sed unicum abs te filium flagitat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128:

postea quam exposuit quae sibi videbantur,

id. Div. 1, 54, 122 (dub.;

B. and K. ipsi): et cum ad illum scribas, nihil te recordari de se,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23 (B. and K. bracket de se):

quem Caesar, ut erat de se meritus, donatum pronuntiavit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 53:

Caesar Rhenum transire constituit... quod auxilia contra se Treveris miserant,

id. B. G. 6, 9 init.:

Metellus... in eis urbibus, quae ad se defecerant... praesidia inponit,

Sall. J. 61, 1; 66, 1:

Bocchus flectitur, reputando quae sibi duobus proeliis venerant,

id. ib. 103, 2:

statuit urbis, quae... adversum se opportunissimae erant, circumvenire,

id. ib. 88, 4:

ipse... ex perfugis cognitis... qui cum eo (Scipione) bellum contra se gerebant,

Hirt. B. Afr. 8 fin.:

vel quia nil rectum, nisi quod placuit sibi, ducunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83; id. S. 2, 8, 82:

centum boves militibus dono dedit, qui secum fuerant,

Liv. 7, 37, 3; 8, 35:

Hannibalem angebat, quod Capua pertinacius oppugnata ab Romanis quam defensa ab se... animos averterat,

id. 26, 38, 1:

alter victus fratrum ante se strage,

id. 1, 25, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.;

7, 6, 12: Caesar... omnibus qui contra se arma tulerant, ignovit,

Vell. 2, 56, 1:

quamquam obsidione Massiliae, quae sibi in itinere portas clauserat, retardante... tamen omnia subegit,

Suet. Caes. 34:

cujus rector circa se dimicans occubuerat,

id. Tib. 4:

quod eos coegit superare Lacedaemonios, quos ante se nemo ausus fuit aspicere,

Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf.:

ante illum,

id. Iphic. 1, 3):

quae nox sibi proxima venit, insomnis,

Luc. 5, 805.

Pron. recipr., each other, one another:

nam cum esset Praenestinis nuntiatum... patres ac plebem in semet ipsos versos,

Liv. 6, 28, 1; so very rare, except in phrase: inter se, one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally, = allêlous (prop. between or among them, among themselves, hence no ellips. of another se is to be assumed; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 609; Hand, Turs. 3, p. 397 sqq.): nil cessarunt ilico Osculari atque amplexari inter se, Plaut. Mil. 5, 39; 2, 1, 61; 3, 1, 120:

video eos inter se amare,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:

neque solum colent inter se ac diligent (cf. ante: alter ab altero postulabit),

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

Cicerones pueri amant inter se,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12; id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1; id. Cat. 3, 5, 13; id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

inter se adspicere,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 13:

inter se congruere,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

complecti inter se milites coepisse,

Liv. 7, 42, 6:

ut neque inter se contingant trabes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23; id. B. C. 1, 21:

inter se nondum satis noti,

Liv. 21, 39, 7:

populus et senatus Romanus placide modesteque inter se rempublicam tractabant,

Sall. J. 41, 2:

bellum summa inter se contentione gerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

cum inter se timerent,

Nep. Dion, 4, 1; id. Eum. 4, 2: haec inter se quam repugnent, contradict one another, Cic. Tusc. 3, 29, 72; id. N. D. 1, 12, 30 (cf.: sibi repugnare, to be inconsistent with itself;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1018): inter se differre,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

cur legendi sint, nisi ipsi inter se, qui idem sentiunt, non intellego,

by one another, Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:

quosdam inter se similis,

id. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

res inter se similes,

Quint. 9, 2, 51; 9, 4, 17. — With subst.:

adhaesitationes atomorum inter se,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

quae res eos in bello inter se habuit,

Sall. J. 79, 3; cf.:

auxerant inter se opinionem,

their mutual regard, Liv. 21, 39, 9.—Pleon.:

vitam inter se utriusque conferte,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

compositis inter se rebus,

Sall. J. 66, 2:

vitatur duriorum inter se congressus,

Quint. 11, 3, 35.—Of local relation:

duas insulas propinquas inter se,

Sall. H. 1, 61 Dietsch; id. J. 98, 3:

postquam haud procul inter se erant,

id. ib. 53, 7:

haud longe inter se castra facere,

id. ib. 55, 6 (inter se, without recipr. reference, v. supra, I. A. 4.).

Idiomatic uses.

Se, with prepp., one ' s house, home; mostly ad se, apud se, to or at one ' s house, home, at home:

quae me non excludet ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 108:

postquam in aedis me ad se deduxit domum,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 43:

me ad se ad prandium, ad cenam vocant,

id. ib. 3, 1, 118: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

L. Caesar, ut veniam ad se, rogat,

Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5:

qui a me petierit ut secum et apud se essem cottidie,

id. ib. 5, 6, 1.—

Trop.:

num tibi videtur esse apud sese?

in his senses, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 85. —

Sibi pleonast. as dat. of the interested person:

ipse autem Ariovistus tantus sibi spiritus sumpserat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin.:

tum sibi M. Pisonis domum ubi habitaret elegerat,

Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 61; cf. I. A. 2. supra. So esp. freq. in expressions of surprise or abrupt questions (commonly, but loosely called a dat. ethic.):

quid sibi vult pater? cur simulat?

Ter. And. 2, 3, 1:

quid sibi hic vestitus quaerit?

id. Eun. 3, 5, 10:

hostes admiratio cepit, quidnam sibi repentinus clamor vellet,

Liv. 44, 12, 1:

quid ergo sibi vult pars altera orationis?

id. 40, 12, 14:

mirantes, quid sibi vellet,

id. 3, 35, 5; 3, 50, 15; 4, 13, 12;

32, 25, 10: pro deum fidem quid vobis vultis?

id. 3, 67, 7. —

Sibi with suus, emphasizing the idea of possession, his own, etc. (ante- and post-class.):

cocleae... Suo sibi suco vivont,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 13:

sed is quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,

id. ib. prol. 5;

46: si ille huc salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 119 Brix. ad loc.:

suam sibi rem salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

locus argumento'st suom sibi proscaenium,

id. ib. prol. 57;

97: omnem rem inveni, ut sua sibi pecunia hodie illam faciat leno libertam suam,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 1:

suo sibi gnato,

id. As. 4, 2, 16:

hunc telo suo sibi a foribus pellere,

id. Am. 1, 1, 113:

sua sibi ingenua indoles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 38:

suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 35:

uvas suo sibi pampino tegito,

Col. Arb. 11:

suo sibi jure ablui,

id. R. R. 12, 7; 12, 41:

suo sibi argumento refutatus,

Gell. 5, 10, 16:

suo sibi lacte aleret,

id. 12, 1, 6:

a suis sibi parentibus,

App. M. 1, p. 104, 35:

in suis sibi domibus,

id. ib. 1, p. 106, 31; 4, p. 157, 7;

6, p. 186, 24: qui Deo... sua sibi opera praetulerunt,

Lact. 2, 5, 6; 3, 28, 20:

in suo sibi pervoluta sanguine,

App. M. 8, p. 207, 22; Vitr. 8, 7:

cum sua sibi natione captivus,

Min. Fel. 10, 4:

IN SVO SIBI POSITVS,

Inscr. Orell. 4495:

AEDEM CVM SVO SIBI HYPOGAEO,

Inscr. Rein. p. 646, 109.—In many passages in class. prose sibi occurs with suus, but retains its pronom. force:

factus consul est bis, primum ante tempus, iterum sibi suo tempore, rei publicae paene sero,

in good time for himself, Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

satis superque esse sibi suarum cuique rerum,

id. ib. 13, 45:

priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:

vult ille inbecillitatis sibi suae conscius timere pituitam?

Sen. Q. N. 6, 2, 4 (v. suus II. D. 3. a).

sortĭor, ītus, 4, v. dep. n. and a. [sors].

Neutr., to cast or draw lots:

coniciam sortes in sitellam et sortiar Tibi et Chalino,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 34:

cum praetores designati sortirentur et M. Metello obtigisset, ut is de pecuniis repetundis quaereret,

drew lots for the judges, appointed the judges by lot, Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 21; Quint. 3, 10, 1: consules comparare inter se aut sortiri jussi, to draw lots for the provinces, Liv. 38, 35, 9:

sortiti nocte singuli per ordinem intrārunt,

Quint. 4, 2, 72:

dum legiones de ordine agminis sortiuntur,

Tac. H. 2, 41:

de altero consulatu,

Suet. Claud. 7.—Hence, Sor-tĭentes, The Lot-drawers (a transl. of the Gr. Klêroumenoi), the name of a comedy by Diphilus, Plaut. Cas. prol. 32.—

Act., to draw or cast lots for, to fix, assign, or appoint by lot, to allot; also esp. in the perfect tenses, to obtain or receive by lot (freq. and class.).

With acc.:

tribus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 21:

provinciam,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 25:

provincias,

id. Att. 1, 13, 5:

duas Gallias,

id. ib. 1, 19, 2:

ut consules inter se provincias compararent sortirenturve,

Liv. 42, 31:

judices,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42; 2, 2, 18, § 44:

judices per praetorem urbanum,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2:

aliquos ad ignominiam,

id. Clu. 46, 129:

dicas,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42 fin.:

nec regna vini sortiere talis,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 18: aequā lege Necessitas Sortitur insignes et imos, decides the fate of, etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 15:

peregrinam (provinciam) sortitus est,

Liv. 39, 45:

ex praeturā ulteriorem sortitus Hispaniam,

Suet. Caes. 18; Plin. Ep. 6, 22 fin. —

With rel.-clause:

ut P. Furius et Cn. Servilius inter se sortirentur, uter citeriorem Hispaniam obtineret,

Liv. 42, 4, 2:

consules sortiti, uter dedicaret,

id. 2, 8, 6; 24, 10, 2:

uter patriā decederet,

Vell. 1, 1, 4:

sortiri, quid loquare,

Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

num sortiuntur inter se, quae declinet, quae non?

id. Fat. 20, 46.—

Transf. (mostly poet. and not ante-Aug.).

To share, divide, distribute:

pariter laborem Sortiti,

shared the labor, Verg. A. 8, 445:

vices,

id. ib. 3, 634:

periculum,

id. ib. 9, 174.—

To choose, select:

subolem armento sortire quot annis,

Verg. G. 3, 71:

fortunam (i.e. locum) oculis,

id. A. 12, 920:

matrimonium,

Just. 26, 3, 8.—

In gen., to obtain, receive a thing (mostly in the tempp. perff.; not ante-Aug.):

Tectosagi mediterranea Asiae sortiti sunt,

Liv. 38, 16:

si emancipatus uxore ducta filium fuerit sortitus,

Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 5:

gens Claudia regnum in plebem sortita,

Liv. 3, 58:

amicum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 2, 6, 94; id. A. P. 92:

si Maeonium vatem sortita fuisses,

Ov. Tr. 1, 6, 21; id. M. 2, 241; 3, 124; 11, 758; Suet. Aug. 99 al.:

quidam sortiti metuentem sabbata patrem,

Juv. 14, 96:

venerabile ingenium,

id. 15, 144:

fata tam tristia,

Sen. Phoen. 245:

reliqua rerum tuarum post te alium atque alium dominum sortientur,

Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 4 Döring ad loc.— Pass. part. sortitus, v. sortio fin. — Adv.: sortītō, by lot:

sacerdotem sortito capere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126; S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 8; Suet. Aug. 30; 47.— Transf., by fate, by destiny (= sorte, or lege naturae):

tibi sortito id obtigit,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 25; Hor. Epod. 4, 1.

volvo, volvi, vŏlūtum, 3 ( inf. pass. volvier, Lucr. 5, 714), v. a. [Sanscr. varas, circumference; Gr. eluô, to wrap; root Wel-], to roll, turn about, turn round, tumble any thing.

Lit.

In gen.:

(amnis) volvit sub undis Grandia saxa,

Lucr. 1, 288; Verg. A. 11, 529; Ov. Ib. 173:

flumen lapides volvens,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 38:

beluas cum fluctibus (procellae),

Plin. 9, 3, 2, § 5:

vortices (flumen),

Hor. C. 2, 9, 22:

fumum caligine (ventus),

Lucr. 6, 691:

oculos huc illuc,

Verg. A. 4, 363:

oculos per singula,

id. ib. 8, 618:

filum,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 114 Müll. volvendi sunt libri, to unroll, i. e. open, Cic. Brut. 87, 298:

Tyrrhena carmina retro,

Lucr. 6, 381 (hence, volumen, in the signif. of roll, book, volume, v. h. v. I.):

semineces volvit multos,

rolls in the dust, fells to the ground, Verg. A. 12, 329 et saep.—

In partic.

To roll up or together, form by rolling:

pilas,

Plin. 30, 11, 30, § 99; cf.:

qui terga dederant, conversi in hostem volventesque orbem, etc.,

forming a circle, Liv. 22, 29, 5:

jam orbem volventes suos increpans,

id. 4, 28, 3.—

To breathe, exhale, etc. ( poet.):

vitalis aëris auras Volvere in ore,

Lucr. 6, 1225:

(equus) Collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem,

Verg. G. 3, 85.—

Mid., to turn or roll itself round about, to turn or roll along:

nobis caenum teterrima quom sit Spurcities, eadem subus haec jucunda videtur, Insatiabiliter toti ut volvantur ibidem,

Lucr. 6, 978:

ille (anguis) inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus Volvitur,

Verg. A. 7, 349:

cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putant,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

illi qui volvuntur stellarum cursus sempiterni,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis,

rolls, Verg. A. 10, 590:

volvi humi,

id. ib. 11, 640:

volvitur Euryalus leto,

id. ib. 9, 433:

lacrimae volvuntur inanes,

roll, flow, id. ib. 4, 449.— Part.:

volventia plaustra,

Verg. G. 1, 163.—

Trop., to roll, roll along, roll off or onwards, etc.

In gen.:

volvere curarum tristes in pectore fluctus,

Lucr. 6, 34:

magnos fluctus irarum,

id. 6, 74:

ingentes iras in pectore,

Liv. 35, 18, 6:

tot volvere casus Insignem pietate virum,

i. e. to undergo so many misfortunes, Verg. A. 1, 9; cf.:

satis diu saxum hoc volvo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 55:

(lunam) celerem pronos Volvere menses,

in rolling on, Hor. C. 4, 6, 40; cf.:

volvendis mensibus,

Verg. A. 1, 269:

has omnis (animas) ubi mille rotam volvere per annos,

i. e. completed the cycle, id. ib. 6, 748; and neutr.:

volventibus annis,

with revolving years, after the lapse of years, id. ib. 1, 234; cf.:

volventia lustra,

Lucr. 5, 928:

volvens annus,

Ov. M. 5, 565:

sic fata deum rex Sortitur volvitque vices,

fixes the series of revolving events, Verg. A. 3, 376; cf.:

sic volvere Parcas,

id. ib. 1, 22:

M. Pontidius celeriter sane verba volvens,

rolling off, Cic. Brut. 70, 246:

sententias facile verbis,

id. ib. 81, 280 longissima est complexio verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest, id. de Or. 3, 47, 182:

ne verba traic amus aperte, quo melius aut cadat aut volvatur oratio,

be rounded, form periods, id. Or. 69, 229.—

In partic., to turn over or revolve in the mind; to ponder, meditate, or reflect upon, consider (cf. verso):

multa cum animo suo volvebat,

Sall. J. 6, 2; 108, 3:

multa secum,

id. C. 32, 1; id. J. 113, 1; Liv. 26, 7, 3:

immensa omnia animo,

id. 2, 49, 5; Tac. H. 1, 30; Suet. Vesp. 5:

bellum in animo,

Liv. 42, 5, 1:

in pectore,

id. 35, 18, 6:

has inanium rerum inanes ipsas volventes cogitationes,

id. 6, 28, 7; 34, 60, 2; 32, 20, 2; Curt. 10, 5, 15:

incerta consilia,

id. 10, 8, 7; 5, 9, 3:

bellum adversus nos,

Tac. A. 3, 38:

Fauni sub pectore sortem,

Verg. A. 7, 254: haec illis volventibus tandem vicit fortuna [p. 2014] reipublicae, Sall. C. 41, 3:

subinde hoc in animo volve,

Sen. Ep. 13, 13:

secretas cogitationes intra se,

Curt. 10, 8, 9:

adeo ut plerumque intra me ipsum volvam,

Tac. A. 14, 53:

regna tecum volvis,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 1:

mente aliquid,

Lact. Epit. 60, 13.

* * *

alternus, a, um, adj. [alter], one after the other, by turns, interchangeable, alternate (class. and also poet.).

In gen.: ( Sem)VNIS. ALTERNEI. ADVOCAPIT. CONCTOS (i. e. Semones alterni advocate cunctos), Carm. Fr. Arv. 36 (v. advoco fin.): alternā vice inire, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 151 Vahl.):

alternae arbores,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 138:

Alterno tenebras et lucem tempore gigni,

Lucr. 5, 978:

ex duabus orationibus capita alterna recitare,

Cic. Clu. 51, 140:

alternis trabibus ac saxis,

with beams and stones regularly interchanged, Caes. B. G. 7, 23 Herz.:

(bibere) alternis diebus modo aquam, modo vinum,

Cels. 3, 2:

Alterno terram quatiunt pede,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 7:

per alternas vices,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 6:

vix hostem, alterni si congrediamur, habemus,

Verg. A. 12, 233; 6, 121: alternum foedus amicitiae, Cat. 109, 6: alternus metus, mutual or reciprocal fear, Liv. 26, 25; cf. id. 23, 26:

alternas servant praetoria ripas,

the opposite, Stat. S. 1, 3, 25:

aves,

the eagles which stand opposite to each other, Claud. Mall. Theod. prol. 16 (v. the passage in its connection):

alternis paene verbis T. Manlii factum laudans,

with almost every other word, Liv. 8, 30: alternis dicetis;

amant alterna Camenae,

responsive song, Verg. E. 3, 59:

versibus alternis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 146: alternis aptum sermonibus, alternate discourse, i. e. dialogue, id. A. P. 81. —Of verses: interchanging between hexameter and pentameter, elegiac:

pedes alternos esse oportebit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 193:

epigramma alternis versibus longiusculis,

id. Arch. 10, 25; Ov. H. 15, 5:

canere alterno carmine,

id. F. 2, 121; so id. Tr. 3, 1, 11; 3, 1, 56; 3, 7, 10 (cf.:

modos impares,

id. ib. 2, 220).—

Esp., in the Roman courts of justice the accused, and afterwards the accuser, could alternately reject all the judges appointed by the prætor;

hence, alterna consilia or alternos judices reicere,

to reject by turns, Cic. Vatin. 11, 27; id. Planc. 15, 36:

cum alternae civitates rejectae sunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 13.— Comp. and sup. are not used. — Advv. (only in posit.).

Form alternē, alternately, only in Sen. Q. N. 7, 12 med. —

Form alternīs ( abl. plur.; sc. vicibus), alternately, by turns ( poet. and prose; freq. in Lucr.;

not in Cic.),

Lucr. 1, 524; 1, 768; 1, 1011; 1, 1066; 3, 373; 4, 790; 6, 570; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 9; Verg. E. 3, 59; id. G. 1, 71; 1, 79; Liv. 2, 2 med.; Sen. Ep. 120 fin.; Plin. Ep. 18, 2.—

Form alternă, neutr. plur., Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138 Jan; App. M. 10, p. 247, 8 Elm.

ambŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [regarded by Doed. as a sort of dim. of ambio, but better regarded as comp. of am- and the root of bainô, beto, -bito, baculum = bakpron, vado, venio; Sanscr. gā = go; Germ. gehen; Engl. go. Curtius].

Lit.

In gen., to go about, to walk:

cum illā neque cubat neque ambulat,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 56:

si non ubi sedeas locus est, est ubi ambules,

id. Capt. prol. 12:

quem ad modum quis ambulet, sedeat,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 47:

sedetur, ambulatur,

Varr. L. L. 6, 1, p. 72 Müll.:

ambulatum est,

Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 1; Sen. Ep. 113, 15:

cum sedeatur, ambuletur, discumbatur,

Gell. 2, 2:

standi ambulandi vices,

Quint. 11, 3, 44:

ambulans aut jacens,

Plin. Ep. 9, 36; Gell. 2, 9:

cum ambulantis Tiberii genua advolveretur,

Tac. A. 1, 13: aves aliquae ambulant, ut cornices;

aliae saliunt, ut passeres,

walk, Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 111:

Aegyptii mures bipedes ambulant,

id. 10, 64, 85, § 186:

claudi ambulant,

Vulg. Matt. 11, 5; ib. Joan. 1, 36; ib. Apoc. 2, 1; 9, 20.—Hence,

Esp., to walk for recreation, to take a walk:

abiit ambulatum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 96:

visus sum mihi cum Galbā ambulare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51:

cum in sole ambulem, etiamsi aliam ob causam ambulem, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 14, 60:

pedibus ambulare,

Suet. Dom. 19.—

To go, to travel, to journey (class.), Plaut. Capt. prol. 12:

quo ambulas tu?

id. Am. 1, 1, 185; Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 17:

biduo aut triduo septingenta milia passuum ambulare,

Cic. Quint. 25; id. Att. 9, 4 fin.:

eo modo Caesar ambulat, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 8, 14 et saep.—Hence, in the comic poets, bene ambula, farewell, a good journey to you, a form oft. used at the departure of any one:

bene ambula et redambula,

farewell and farewell back, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 120: Ty. Bene ambulato. Ph. Bene vale, id. ib. 2, 3, 92; and absol.:

ambula,

go, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 139: ambulare in jus, to go into court, go to law:

ambula in jus,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 23; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 43.—

To walk about with a certain gravity or importance: licet superbus ambules pecuniā. Hor. Epod. 4, 5; id. S. 1, 2, 25; 1, 4, 66.—

Of inanimate things:

amnis, quā naves ambulant,

Cato, R. R. 1, 3:

Nilus immenso longitudinis spatio ambulans,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51:

velut intus ambulantem (lucem),

id. 37, 9, 47, § 131.— Trop. (only post-Aug.):

quod deinde caput translatum per omnes leges ambulavit,

was afterwards added to all laws, Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 139; Dig. 4, 4, 15:

ambulat cum domino bonorum possessio,

ib. 37, 11, 2.—

Act., esp. with cognate objects, as iter, via, etc., to navigate, sail, pass over, etc.:

cum Xerxes tantis classibus tantisque copiis maria ambulavisset terramque navigāsset,

Cic. Fin. 2, 34:

perpetuas ambulat illa vias,

Ov. F. 1, 122 (cf.: ire iter, viam, etc., Burm. ad Prop. 2, 19, 50).— Pass.:

si bina stadia ambulentur,

Plin. 23, 1, 16, § 26.—

In milit. lang. t. t., to march:

ut ter in mense tam equites quam pedites educantur ambulatum,

Veg. Mil. 1, 27.—

In the jurists in opp. to ire:

iter est jus eundi ambulandi hominis,

of one going and coming, Dig. 3, 8, 1.—

Trop. very freq. in eccl. Lat. (like Heb. and N. T. Gr. peripateô), to walk, in the sense of to live, with an adjunct of manner or circumstances:

ambulavit Henoch cum Deo,

Vulg. Gen. 5, 22:

ut ambules in viis ejus (Dei),

ib. Deut. 10, 12:

qui ambulant in lege Domini,

ib. Psa. 118, 1:

in circuitu impii ambulant,

ib. ib. 11, 9: fraudulenter ambulare, ib. Prov. 11, 13.—So also very freq. in N. T., but only once in this sense in the Gospels:

quare discipuli tui non ambulant juxta traditionem seniorum?

Vulg. Marc. 7, 5:

qui non secundum carnem ambulant,

ib. Rom. 8, 1:

in carne ambulantes,

ib. 2 Cor. 10, 3:

honeste ambulare,

ib. Rom. 13, 13:

ut ambuletis digne Deo,

ib. Col. 1, 10:

quod non recte ambularent,

ib. Gal. 2, 14 et persaepe.

dē-scrībo, psi, ptum (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with discribo, q. v.), 3, v. a.

To copy off, transcribe any thing from an original (freq. in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): scripsit Balbus ad me, se a te (i. e. e tuo exemplo) quintum de Finibus librum descripsisse,

Cic. Att. 13, 21; cf. id. Ac. 2, 4, 11:

epistolam,

id. Att. 8, 9; id. Fam. 12, 17, 2;

12, 7, 22: legem,

Suet. Cal. 41; id. Dom. 20; so, to write down, write out:

carmina in foliis,

Verg. A. 3, 445;

in carved letters: in viridi cortice carmina,

id. E. 5, 14.— Class. and far more freq.,

To sketch off, to describe in painting, writing, etc.: delineare, definire.

Lit.:

non potuit pictor rectius describere ejus formam,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 22; so,

geometricas formas in harena,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 fin.:

formas in pulvere,

Liv. 25, 31; cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 19; id. Clu. 32, 87; id. Sen. 14, 49:

sphaeram,

id. Rep. 1, 14; cf.

caelum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 7:

caeli meatus radio,

Verg. A. 6, 851; cf. id. E. 3, 41:

vitam votivā tabellā,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 33 et saep.—

Trop.

To represent, delineate, describe:

malos mores,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 165; cf.:

hominum sermones moresque,

Cic. Or. 40, 138:

definienda res erit verbis et breviter describenda,

id. Inv. 1, 8 fin:

qualem (mulierem) ego paulo ante descripsi,

id. Cael. 20, 50; id. Phil. 2, 44; id. Sull. 29 fin.:

me latronem ac sicarium,

id. Mil. 18, 47:

si quis erat dignus describi, quod malus ac fur, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 3:

malo carmine,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 154; Quint. 3, 4, 3:

vulnera Parthi,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:

lucum, aram Dianae, flumen Rhenum, pluvium arcum,

id. A. P. 18 et saep.:

praecepta,

id. S. 2, 3, 34:

facta versibus,

Nep. Att. 18, 6. —Rarely

with acc. and inf.:

nec qui descripsit corrumpi semina matrum,

Ov. Tr. 2, 415; Gell. 9, 1.— Part. subst.: dēscrip-ta, ōrum, n.:

recitari factorum dictorumque ejus descripta per dies jussit,

the diary, Tac. A. 6, 24.—

To mark off, define, divide, distribute into parts. (But whenever the notion of distribution or division is implied, the form discribo seems to have been used by class. writers; and is now restored where de-scr. is found in earlier edd., e.g. Cic. Rep. 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 71, 288; id. Sest. 30, 66 et saep.) Cf.:

libertinos in quatuor urbanas tribus,

Liv. 45, 15:

annum in duodecim menses,

Liv. 1, 19; Flor. 1, 2, 2. —Without in.:

commode omnes descripti, aetates, classes, equitatus,

Cic. Rep. 4, 2; and:

classes centuriasque et hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit,

Liv. 1, 42:

terram,

Vulg. Jos. 18, 6 al. et saep.—

Aliquid (alicui), to ascribe, apportion, appoint, assign to any one (cf. remark, no. 2 supra); cf.: vecturas frumenti finitimis civitatibus, * Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 4; Liv. 1, 32 al.:

officia,

to define, Cic. Ac. 2, 36; id. Fam. 12, 1:

vices (poetae),

Hor. A. P. 86:

munera pugnae,

Sil. 9, 267 et saep.—Hence, dēscrip-tus, a, um, P. a., qs. marked out, i. e. precisely ordered, properly arranged (ap. Cic.):

materies orationis omnibus locis descripta, instructa ornataque,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 145; cf.:

ordo verborum,

id. Or. 59, 200:

natura nihil est aptius, nihil descriptius,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 74.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: dēscrip-ta, orum, things recorded, writings, Tac. A. 6, 24.— Sup. does not occur.—

* Adv.: dē-scriptē, distinctly, precisely:

descripte et electe digerere, opp. confuse et permixte dispergere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49.

dē-scrībo, psi, ptum (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with discribo, q. v.), 3, v. a.

To copy off, transcribe any thing from an original (freq. in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): scripsit Balbus ad me, se a te (i. e. e tuo exemplo) quintum de Finibus librum descripsisse,

Cic. Att. 13, 21; cf. id. Ac. 2, 4, 11:

epistolam,

id. Att. 8, 9; id. Fam. 12, 17, 2;

12, 7, 22: legem,

Suet. Cal. 41; id. Dom. 20; so, to write down, write out:

carmina in foliis,

Verg. A. 3, 445;

in carved letters: in viridi cortice carmina,

id. E. 5, 14.— Class. and far more freq.,

To sketch off, to describe in painting, writing, etc.: delineare, definire.

Lit.:

non potuit pictor rectius describere ejus formam,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 22; so,

geometricas formas in harena,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 fin.:

formas in pulvere,

Liv. 25, 31; cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 19; id. Clu. 32, 87; id. Sen. 14, 49:

sphaeram,

id. Rep. 1, 14; cf.

caelum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 7:

caeli meatus radio,

Verg. A. 6, 851; cf. id. E. 3, 41:

vitam votivā tabellā,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 33 et saep.—

Trop.

To represent, delineate, describe:

malos mores,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 165; cf.:

hominum sermones moresque,

Cic. Or. 40, 138:

definienda res erit verbis et breviter describenda,

id. Inv. 1, 8 fin:

qualem (mulierem) ego paulo ante descripsi,

id. Cael. 20, 50; id. Phil. 2, 44; id. Sull. 29 fin.:

me latronem ac sicarium,

id. Mil. 18, 47:

si quis erat dignus describi, quod malus ac fur, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 3:

malo carmine,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 154; Quint. 3, 4, 3:

vulnera Parthi,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:

lucum, aram Dianae, flumen Rhenum, pluvium arcum,

id. A. P. 18 et saep.:

praecepta,

id. S. 2, 3, 34:

facta versibus,

Nep. Att. 18, 6. —Rarely

with acc. and inf.:

nec qui descripsit corrumpi semina matrum,

Ov. Tr. 2, 415; Gell. 9, 1.— Part. subst.: dēscrip-ta, ōrum, n.:

recitari factorum dictorumque ejus descripta per dies jussit,

the diary, Tac. A. 6, 24.—

To mark off, define, divide, distribute into parts. (But whenever the notion of distribution or division is implied, the form discribo seems to have been used by class. writers; and is now restored where de-scr. is found in earlier edd., e.g. Cic. Rep. 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 71, 288; id. Sest. 30, 66 et saep.) Cf.:

libertinos in quatuor urbanas tribus,

Liv. 45, 15:

annum in duodecim menses,

Liv. 1, 19; Flor. 1, 2, 2. —Without in.:

commode omnes descripti, aetates, classes, equitatus,

Cic. Rep. 4, 2; and:

classes centuriasque et hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit,

Liv. 1, 42:

terram,

Vulg. Jos. 18, 6 al. et saep.—

Aliquid (alicui), to ascribe, apportion, appoint, assign to any one (cf. remark, no. 2 supra); cf.: vecturas frumenti finitimis civitatibus, * Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 4; Liv. 1, 32 al.:

officia,

to define, Cic. Ac. 2, 36; id. Fam. 12, 1:

vices (poetae),

Hor. A. P. 86:

munera pugnae,

Sil. 9, 267 et saep.—Hence, dēscrip-tus, a, um, P. a., qs. marked out, i. e. precisely ordered, properly arranged (ap. Cic.):

materies orationis omnibus locis descripta, instructa ornataque,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 145; cf.:

ordo verborum,

id. Or. 59, 200:

natura nihil est aptius, nihil descriptius,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 74.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: dēscrip-ta, orum, things recorded, writings, Tac. A. 6, 24.— Sup. does not occur.—

* Adv.: dē-scriptē, distinctly, precisely:

descripte et electe digerere, opp. confuse et permixte dispergere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49.

dē-scrībo, psi, ptum (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with discribo, q. v.), 3, v. a.

To copy off, transcribe any thing from an original (freq. in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): scripsit Balbus ad me, se a te (i. e. e tuo exemplo) quintum de Finibus librum descripsisse,

Cic. Att. 13, 21; cf. id. Ac. 2, 4, 11:

epistolam,

id. Att. 8, 9; id. Fam. 12, 17, 2;

12, 7, 22: legem,

Suet. Cal. 41; id. Dom. 20; so, to write down, write out:

carmina in foliis,

Verg. A. 3, 445;

in carved letters: in viridi cortice carmina,

id. E. 5, 14.— Class. and far more freq.,

To sketch off, to describe in painting, writing, etc.: delineare, definire.

Lit.:

non potuit pictor rectius describere ejus formam,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 22; so,

geometricas formas in harena,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 fin.:

formas in pulvere,

Liv. 25, 31; cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 19; id. Clu. 32, 87; id. Sen. 14, 49:

sphaeram,

id. Rep. 1, 14; cf.

caelum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 7:

caeli meatus radio,

Verg. A. 6, 851; cf. id. E. 3, 41:

vitam votivā tabellā,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 33 et saep.—

Trop.

To represent, delineate, describe:

malos mores,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 165; cf.:

hominum sermones moresque,

Cic. Or. 40, 138:

definienda res erit verbis et breviter describenda,

id. Inv. 1, 8 fin:

qualem (mulierem) ego paulo ante descripsi,

id. Cael. 20, 50; id. Phil. 2, 44; id. Sull. 29 fin.:

me latronem ac sicarium,

id. Mil. 18, 47:

si quis erat dignus describi, quod malus ac fur, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 3:

malo carmine,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 154; Quint. 3, 4, 3:

vulnera Parthi,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:

lucum, aram Dianae, flumen Rhenum, pluvium arcum,

id. A. P. 18 et saep.:

praecepta,

id. S. 2, 3, 34:

facta versibus,

Nep. Att. 18, 6. —Rarely

with acc. and inf.:

nec qui descripsit corrumpi semina matrum,

Ov. Tr. 2, 415; Gell. 9, 1.— Part. subst.: dēscrip-ta, ōrum, n.:

recitari factorum dictorumque ejus descripta per dies jussit,

the diary, Tac. A. 6, 24.—

To mark off, define, divide, distribute into parts. (But whenever the notion of distribution or division is implied, the form discribo seems to have been used by class. writers; and is now restored where de-scr. is found in earlier edd., e.g. Cic. Rep. 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 71, 288; id. Sest. 30, 66 et saep.) Cf.:

libertinos in quatuor urbanas tribus,

Liv. 45, 15:

annum in duodecim menses,

Liv. 1, 19; Flor. 1, 2, 2. —Without in.:

commode omnes descripti, aetates, classes, equitatus,

Cic. Rep. 4, 2; and:

classes centuriasque et hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit,

Liv. 1, 42:

terram,

Vulg. Jos. 18, 6 al. et saep.—

Aliquid (alicui), to ascribe, apportion, appoint, assign to any one (cf. remark, no. 2 supra); cf.: vecturas frumenti finitimis civitatibus, * Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 4; Liv. 1, 32 al.:

officia,

to define, Cic. Ac. 2, 36; id. Fam. 12, 1:

vices (poetae),

Hor. A. P. 86:

munera pugnae,

Sil. 9, 267 et saep.—Hence, dēscrip-tus, a, um, P. a., qs. marked out, i. e. precisely ordered, properly arranged (ap. Cic.):

materies orationis omnibus locis descripta, instructa ornataque,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 145; cf.:

ordo verborum,

id. Or. 59, 200:

natura nihil est aptius, nihil descriptius,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 74.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: dēscrip-ta, orum, things recorded, writings, Tac. A. 6, 24.— Sup. does not occur.—

* Adv.: dē-scriptē, distinctly, precisely:

descripte et electe digerere, opp. confuse et permixte dispergere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49.

ex-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. [capio].

(With the notion of the ex predominating.) To take or draw out.

Lit. (rarely): aliquem e mari, to draw out, fish out, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 293, 26 (Rep. 4, 8, 8 Baiter):

vidulum (e mari),

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 140 sq.:

dens manu, forcipe,

Cels. 7, 12, 1:

telum (e vulnere),

id. 7, 5, 1:

clipeum cristasque rubentes Excipiam sorti,

to withdraw, exempt, Verg. A. 9, 271.—

Trop.

In gen.: servitute exceptus, withdrawn, i. e. rescued from slavery, Liv. 33, 23, 2:

nihil jam cupiditati, nihil libidini exceptum,

exempt, Tac. Agr. 15.—

In partic.

To except, make an exception of (freq. and class.):

hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15:

qui (Democritus) ita sit ausus ordiri: Haec loquor de universis. Nihil excipit, de quo non profiteatur,

id. Ac. 2, 23, 73; cf. id. ib. 2, 9, 28:

Lacedaemonii ipsi, cum omnia concedunt in amore juvenum praeter stuprum, tenui sane muro dissaepiunt id, quod excipiunt,

id. Rep. 4, 4:

senex talos elidi jussit conservis meis: sed me excepit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 13.—With ne:

Licinia lex, quae non modo eum, qui, etc.... sed etiam collegas ejus, cognatos, affines excipit, ne eis ea potestas curatiove mandetur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 21;

so in legal limitations,

id. ib. 2, 9, 24; id. Balb. 14, 32; see also exceptio.—With ut, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, 26:

excepi de antiquis praeter Xenophanem neminem,

id. Div. 1, 39, 87:

ut in summis tuis laudibus excipiant unam iracundiam,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, 37:

dolia, in horreis defossa, si non sint nominatim in venditione excepta, etc.,

Dig. 18, 1, 76; so ib. 77.—In the abl. absol.:

omnium mihi videor, exceptis, Crasse, vobis duobus, eloquentissimos audisse Ti. et C. Sempronios,

you two excepted, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38; cf.:

vos hortor, ut ita virtutem locetis, ut eā exceptā nihil amicitia praestabilius esse putetis,

id. Lael. 27 fin.:

exceptā sapientiā,

id. ib. 6, 20. — Neutr. absol.:

excepto, quod non simul esses, cetera laetus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 50:

excepto, si obscena nudis nominibus enuntientur,

Quint. 8, 3, 38; Pers. 5, 90; Aug. Serm. 17, 3; 46, 2.—Hence,

Jurid. t. t., said of the defendant, to except, to make a legal exception to the plaintiff's statement:

verum est, quod qui excipit, probare debeat, quod excipitur,

Dig. 22, 3, 9; so ib. 18:

adversus aliquem,

ib. 16, 1, 17 et saep.; cf. exceptio and the authorities there cited.—

In an oration, a law, etc., to express by name, to make particular mention of, to state expressly (rare, and perh. not anteAug.):

cum Graecos Italia pellerent, excepisse medicos,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 16: vites in tantum sublimes, ut vindemitor auctoratus rogum ac tumulum excipiat, expressly stipulates for (in case he should fall and break his neck), id. 14, 1, 3, § 10.

(With the notion of the verb predominating.) To take a thing to one's self (in a good or bad sense), to catch, capture, take, receive.

Lit.

In gen.:

sanguinem paterā,

Cic. Brut. 11, 43; cf. Col. 9, 15, 9:

e longinquo sucum,

Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 78:

labentem excepit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43: se in pedes, to take to one's feet, i. e. spring to the ground, Liv. 4, 19, 4:

filiorum extremum spiritum ore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; cf.:

tunicis fluentibus auras,

Ov. A. A. 3, 301:

omnium tela,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 177; so,

tela,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 3:

vulnera,

Cic. Sest. 10, 23; cf.:

vulnus ore,

Quint. 6, 3, 75; and:

plagae genus in se,

Lucr. 2, 810:

o terram illam beatam, quae hunc virum exceperit!

Cic. Mil. 38, 105; cf.: hunc (Mithridatem) in timore et fuga Tigranes excepit, id de. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

aliquem benigno vultu,

Liv. 30, 14, 3; cf.

also: hic te polenta excipiet,

Sen. Ep. 21 med.:

aliquem epulis,

Tac. G. 21:

multos ex fuga dispersos excipiunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6. alios vagos per hiberna milites excipiebant, Liv. 33, 29, 2: speculator, exceptus a juvenibus mulcatur, id. 40, 7, 4: cf. Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 5:

servos in pabulatione,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 9:

incautum,

Verg. A. 3, 332:

(uri) mansuefieri ne parvuli quidem excepti possunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 4:

aprum latitantem,

Hor. C. 3, 12, 10:

caprum insidiis,

Verg. E. 3, 18:

fugientes feras,

Phaedr. 1, 11, 6:

aprum, feram venabulo,

Quint. 4, 2, 17; Sen. Prov. 2 et saep.—

Of inanimate subjects:

postero die patenti itinere Priaticus campus eos excepit,

received them, Liv. 38, 41, 8:

silva tum excepit ferum,

Phaedr. 1, 12, 9; Quint. 2, 12, 2. —

In partic.

To come next to, to follow after, succeed a thing:

linguam ad radices ejus haerens excipit stomachus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 135: quinque milia passuum proxima intercedere itineris campestris;

inde excipere loca aspera et montuosa,

Caes. B. C. 1, 66 fin.:

alios alii deinceps,

id. B. G. 5, 16 fin. — Poet.:

porticus excipiebat Arcton,

i. e. was turned to the north, looked towards the north, Hor. C. 2, 15, 16.—

In medic. lang.: aliquid aliqua re, to take something in something, i. e. mixed with something:

quae (medicamenta) excipiuntur cerato ex rosa facto,

Cels. 5, 18, 20; 5, 25, 5; 6; 12 et saep.—

Trop.

In gen., to take or catch up, to intercept:

genus divinationis naturale, quod animus arripit aut excipit extrinsecus ex divinitate,

Cic. Div. 2, 11, 26; cf.:

posteaquam vidit, illum excepisse laudem ex eo, quod,

i. e. obtained, id. Att. 1, 14, 3: subire coëgit et excipere pericula, to take upon one's self, to receive, support, sustain (the figure being taken from the reception of an enemy's blows or shots), Cic. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

Germani celeriter phalange facta impetus gladiorum exceperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; so,

impetus,

id. B. C. 1, 58, 1:

vim frigorum hiememque,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42:

labores magnos,

id. Brut. 69, 243 et saep.:

excipimus nova illa cum favore et sollicitudine,

receive, Quint. 10, 1, 15:

verba risu,

id. 1, 2, 7:

praecepta ad excipiendas hominum voluntates,

for taking captive, Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32:

invidiam,

to draw upon one's self, Nep. Dat. 5, 2.—

Of inanim. or abstr. subjects:

quae (sublicae) cum omni opere conjunctae vim fluminis exciperent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 9; 3, 13, 1:

quid reliquis accideret, qui quosque eventus exciperent,

i. e. would befall, overtake them, Caes. B. C. 1, 21 fin.; Verg. A. 3, 318; Liv. 1, 53, 4.—

In partic.

To catch with the ear, esp. eagerly or secretly, to catch up, listen to, overhear:

maledicto nihil facilius emittitur, nihil citius excipitur,

Cic. Planc. 23, 57; id. Sest. 48, 102:

assensu populi excepta vox consulis,

Liv. 8, 6, 7:

ad has excipiendas voces speculator missus,

id. 40, 7, 4; 2, 4, 5; 4, 30, 3:

laudem avidissimis auribus excipit,

Plin. Ep. 4, 19, 3:

notis quoque excipere velocissime solitum,

i. e. to write down in shorthand, Suet. Tit. 3:

rumores,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf.

voces,

Liv. 40, 7, 4:

sermonem eorum,

id. 2, 4, 5:

furtivas notas,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 18.—

To follow after, to succeed a thing in time or the order of succession (cf. above, A. 2. a.):

tristem hiemem pestilens aestas excepit,

Liv. 5, 13, 4:

Herculis vitam et virtutem immortalitas excepisse dicitur,

Cic. Sest. 68, 143:

violis succedit rosa: rosam cyanus excipit, cyanum amarantus,

Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 68:

excipit Pompilium Numam Tullus Hostilius,

Flor. 1, 3, 1:

hunc (locutum) Labienus excepit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87, 1.— Absol.:

turbulentior inde annus excepit,

succeeded, followed, Liv. 2, 61, 1; Caes. B. G. 7, 88, 2:

re cognita tantus luctus excepit, ut, etc.,

id. B. C. 2, 7, 3.—Hence,

Transf.: aliquid, to continue, prolong a thing:

memoriam illius viri excipient omnes anni consequentes,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 19; Liv. 38, 22, 3:

vices alicujus,

Just. 11, 5.— Poet. with inf., Sil. 13, 687.

gyrus, i, m., = guros, a circle, esp. that which is described by a horse in its movements (mostly poet.; cf.: circus, circulus, orbis, orbita).

Lit.:

nec equi variare gyros in morem nostrum docentur,

Tac. G. 6; so of a circular course, ring, for horses, Verg. G. 3, 115:

carpere gyrum,

id. ib. 3, 191:

curvo brevius compellere gyro,

Tib. 4, 1, 93; Manil. 5, 74; Ov. A. A. 3, 384; Luc. 1, 425 et saep.:

adytis cum lubricus anguis ab imis Septem ingens gyros, septena volumina traxit,

Verg. A. 5, 85:

ducensque per aëra gyros Miluus,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 33:

apes gyros volatu edunt,

Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68:

grues gyros quosdam indecoro cursu peragunt,

id. 10, 23, 30, § 59:

quem (turbinem) pueri magno in gyro...intenti ludo exercent,

Verg. A. 7, 379:

in gyrum Euripo addito (in Circo),

i. e. around, round about, Suet. Caes. 39.—

Transf., the place where horses are trained, a course ( poet.):

gyrum pulsat equis,

Prop. 3, 14 (4, 13), 11.—

Trop., a circle, circuit, career, course: mensis artiore (quam annus) praecingitur circulo;

angustissimum habet dies gyrum,

Sen. Ep. 12; cf.:

seu bruma nivalem Interiore diem gyro trahit,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 26:

similique gyro venient aliorum vices,

circuit, course, Phaedr. 4, 26, 25:

homines secundis rebus effrenatos tamquam in gyrum rationis et doctrinae duci oportere,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 70:

oratorem in exiguum gyrum compellere,

id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 21; cf.:

attrahe vela Fortius et gyro curre, poëta, tuo,

Ov. R. Am. 398:

in dialecticae gyris consenescere,

Gell. 16, 8, 17.

lux, lūcis (adverb. abl. luce, luci, and lucu, and in these old forms also used as m.; v. infra; in Plaut. lux is usually m.; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 11), f. [luceo], light.

Lit.

In gen., the light of the sun and other heavenly bodies:

cum id solis luce videatur clarius,

Cic. Div. 1, 3, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 37, 90; id. Cat. 1, 3; id. Cael. 9:

per umbras Stella facem ducens multā cum luce cucurrit,

Verg. A. 2, 694: a lucifero donec lux occidat, till sunset, Juv, 13, 158. — The light, splendor, brightness of shining bodies:

viridi cum luce zmaragdi,

Lucr. 4, 1126:

luce coruscus ahenā,

Verg. A. 2, 470:

lucem non fundentes gemmae,

Plin. 37, 7, 25, § 94:

ferri,

Stat. Th. 8, 124.—

In partic., the light of day, daylight, day:

diurna,

Lucr. 6, 848:

Metellus cum primā luce in campum currebat,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4:

ante lucem,

id. de Or. 2, 64, 259:

primā luce ad eum accurrit,

at daybreak, dawn of day, Caes. B. G. 1, 22:

luce sub ipsā,

on the very verge of day, Verg. G. 4, 490:

in luci,

by day, Lucr. 4, 233:

luce reversā,

Juv. 6, 312.—Hence,

In abl. adverb.: luce, luci, and (ante-class.) lucu, by daylight, in the daytime:

ut luce palam in foro saltet,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93; so,

luce,

id. Pis. 10, 23; Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48; Verg. A. 9, 153 al.:

nocte ac luce,

Juv. 15, 43:

ut veniamus luci,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 7:

cum luci simul,

id. Merc. 2, 1, 31:

luci claro,

id. Aul. 4, 10, 18; cf. Non. 210, 9:

quis audeat luci,

Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 25:

quodsi luce quoque canes latrent,

id. Rosc. Am. 20, 56; Liv. 35, 4, 5:

cum primo lucu ibo hinc,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55:

cum primo luci,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 49.—

Transf.

The heavenly bodies:

illae, quae fulgent luces,

Cic. Arat. 96.—

A day:

centesima lux est ab interitu P. Clodii,

Cic. Mil. 35, 98:

longiore luce ad id certamen nobis opus est,

Liv. 3, 2:

anxia nocte, anxia luce gemit,

Ov. M. 2, 806:

crastina,

Verg. A. 10, 244:

natali die mihi dulcior haec lux,

Juv. 12, 1:

septima quaeque lux,

id. 14, 105; cf.:

natura volvente vices et lucis et anni,

id. 13, 88. —Hence, poet.:

lux aestiva,

summer, Verg. G. 4, 52:

lux brumalis,

winter, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 39.—

Life:

qui ab Orco mortuom me reducem in lucem feceris,

Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 12:

corpora luce carentum,

i. e. of the dead, Verg. G. 4, 255; Sil. 13, 473; cf.:

simul atque editi in lucem sumus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 2.—

An eye, the eyesight:

effossae squalent vestigia lucis,

Stat. Th. 11, 585:

damnum lucis ademptae,

Ov. M. 14, 197.—

A light, of an eminent man to whom all eyes turn:

Luce nihil gestum, nihil est Diomede remoto,

Ov. M. 13, 100.—Of a beloved person:

o lux salve candida,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 34.—

Trop.

The sight of all men, the public view, the public, the world:

nec vero ille in luce modo, atque in oculis civium magnus sed intus domique praestantior,

Cic. Sen. 4, 12: Isocrates forensi luce caruit, id. Brut. 8, 32:

familiam abjectam et obscu ram e tenebris in lucem vocare,

id. Deiot. 11, 30:

res occultas aperire in lucemque proferre,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 62.—

Light, encouragement, help, succor:

lux quaedam videbatur oblata, non modo regno, sed etiam regni timore sublato,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 40:

civibus lucem ingenii et consilii porrigere,

id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; cf.:

lucem adferre rei publicae,

id. Manil. 12, 33.—

A light, an ornament:

hanc urbem, lucem orbis terrarum,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

genus sine luce,

undistinguished, obscure, Sil. 8, 248.—

Light, illustration, elucidation:

historia testis temporum, lux veritatis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 9, 36.—

That which enlightens, the source of illumination: ratio quasi quaedam lux lumenque vitae. Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; cf.:

ego sum lux mundi,

Vulg. John, 8, 12; id. ib. 12, 26.

sisto, stĭti (Charis. p. 220, and Diom. p. 369, give steti for both sisto and sto, confining stiti to the compounds of both. But steti, as perfect of sisto, is late jurid. Lat., and perh. dub.;

for steterant,

Verg. A. 3, 110;

steterint,

id. ib. 3, 403; Liv. 8, 32, 12, belong to stare; cf. also Gell. 2, 14, 1 sqq.; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 461 sq.), stătum [root stă, strengthened by reduplication; cf. histêmi], used in two general senses, I. To cause to stand, place, = colloco, pono; II. To stand, be placed, = sto.

Sistere, in gen., = collocare (in class. prose only in the partic. uses, v. A. 4. C. and D., infra).

Causative, with acc.

To place = facere ut stet; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with ad, super, etc., and acc.:

O qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi Sistat,

Verg. G. 2, 489:

tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

id. A. 3, 117 (classis stat;

v. sto): inque tuo celerem litore siste gradum,

Ov. H. 13, 102 (cf. infra, III. 2. A.):

jaculum clamanti (al. clamantis) sistit in ore,

plants the dart in his face, Verg. A. 10, 323:

disponit quas in fronte manus, medio quas robore sistat,

Stat. Th. 7, 393:

(equum ligneum) sacratā sistimus arā,

Verg. A. 2, 245:

aeternis potius me pruinis siste,

Stat. Th. 4, 395: ut stata (est) lux pelago, as soon as light was set ( shone) on the sea, id. ib. 5, 476:

victima Sistitur ante aras,

Ov. M. 15, 132:

quam (suem) Aeneas ubi... sistit ad aram,

Verg. A. 8, 85:

post haec Sistitur crater,

Ov. M. 8, 669: vestigia in altero (monte) sisti (non posse), that no footprints can be placed ( made) on the other mountain, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211:

cohortes expeditas super caput hostium sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 77; cf. id. A. 12, 13; Stat. Th. 4, 445; Sil. 4, 612. —

To place, as the result of guidance or conveyance; hence, to convey, to send, lead, take, conduct to, = facere ut veniat; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with advv. of place: officio meo ripā sistetur in illā Haec, will be carried by me to, etc., Ov. M. 9, 109:

terrā sistēre petitā,

id. ib. 3, 635:

(vos) facili jam tramite sistam,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

ut eum in Syriā aut Aegypto sisterent orabat,

to convey him to, Tac. H. 2, 9.—So with hic (= in with abl.) or huc (= in with acc.):

hic siste patrem,

Sen. Phoen. 121:

Annam huc siste sororem,

Verg. A. 4, 634.—

To place an army in order of battle, draw up, = instruere:

aciem in litore sistit,

Verg. A. 10, 309; cf.:

sistere tertiam decimam legionem in ipso aggere jubet,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

Se sistere = to betake one's self, to present one's self, to come (so twice in Cicero's letters):

des operam, id quod mihi affirmasti, ut te ante Kal. Jan., ubicumque erimus, sistas,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

te vegetum nobis in Graeciā sistas,

id. ib. 10, 16, 6 (cf. infra, E.):

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 853.—

With two acc. (cf.: praesto, reddo) = to cause to be in a certain condition, to place, etc.; often with dat. of interest (ante- and post-class., and poet.; cf.

supra, 4.): ego vos salvos sistam,

I will place you in safety, see you to a safe place, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 5:

omnia salva sistentur tibi,

all will be returned to you in good order, id. ib. 5, 3, 3; so,

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123; cf.:

rectius tacitas tibi res sistam, quam quod dictum est mutae mulieri,

will keep your secrets, id. ib. 4, 2, 54:

neque (dotem) incolumem sistere illi, et detraxe autument,

that you deliver it entire to her, id. Trin. 3, 3, 15:

cum te reducem aetas prospera sistet,

Cat. 64, 238: tu modo servitio vacuum me siste (= praesta) superbo, set me free from, Prop. 4, 16 (3, 17), 42:

tutum patrio te limine sistam,

will see you safe home, Verg. A. 2, 620:

praedā onustos triumphantesque mecum domos reduces sistatis,

Liv. 29, 27, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Pelasgis siste levem campum,

Stat. Th. 8, 328:

modo se isdem in terris victorem sisterent,

Tac. A. 2, 14:

operā tuā sistas hunc nobis sanum atque validum,

give him back to us, safe and sound, Gell. 18, 10, 7: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28.—

Neutr, with double nom., = exsistere, to be, to become: judex extremae sistet vitaeque necisque, he will become a judge, etc., Manil. 4, 548 (dub.):

tempora quod sistant propriis parentia signis,

id. 3, 529 (dub.; al. sic stant; cf. infra, II.).—

As neuter verb, to stand, rest, be placed, lie ( poet.);

constr. like sto: ne quis mihi obstiterit obviam, nam qui obstiterit, ore sistet,

will lie on his face, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13 Brix ad loc.: (nemo sit) tantā gloriā... quin cadat, quin capite sistat, will be placed or stand on his head, id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

ibi crebro, credo, capite sistebant cadi,

id. Mil. 3, 2, 36 Lorenz (Brix, hoc illi crebro capite):

ipsum si quicquam posse in se sistere credis,

to rest upon itself, Lucr. 1, 1057:

neque posse in terrā sistere terram,

nor can the earth rest upon itself, id. 2, 603:

at conlectus aquae... qui lapides inter sistit per strata viarum,

id. 4, 415:

incerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur,

to rest, to stay, Verg. A. 3, 7; cf.:

quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,

Ov. M. 1, 307. —

As jurid. term.

In both a causative and neuter sense = to produce in court, or to appear in court after being bound over by the judge or by promise to the adversary (vadimonium); constr. either absol. or with the dat. of the adversary to whom the promise is made (alicui sisti), to appear upon somebody's demand; also, in judicio sisti. The present active is either used reflexively (se sistere = to appear), or with a transitive object (sistere aliquem = to produce in court one in whose behalf the promise has been made). The present passive, sisti, sistendus, sistitur, = to appear or to be produced. The perfect act., stiti, stitisse, rarely the perfect passive, status sum, = to have appeared, I appeared. So in all periods of the language:

cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius, ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est ut promittat se certo die sisti,

Gai. 4, 184:

fit ut Alfenus promittat, Naevio sisti Quinctium,

that Quinctius would be forthcoming upon Naevius's complaint, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 8, 30 (v. infra, B.):

testificatur, P. Quinctium non stitisse, et se stitisse,

id. ib. 6, 25:

quin puellam sistendam promittat (= fore ut puella sistatur in judicio),

Liv. 3, 45, 3:

interrogavit quisquam, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti juberet, et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens: Perendie sese sistant illo in loco,

Gell. 7, 1, 10:

si quis quendam in judicio sisti promiserit, in eādem causā eum debet sistere,

Dig. 2, 11, 11:

si servum in eādem causā sistere promiserit, et liber factus sistatur,... non recte sistitur,

ib. 2, 9, 5:

sed si statu liberum sisti promissum sit, in eādem causā sisti videtur, quamvis liber sistatur,

ib. 2, 9, 6:

cum quis in judicio sisti promiserit, neque adjecerit poenam si status non esset,

ib. 2, 6, 4:

si quis in judicio secundum suam promissionem non stitit,

ib. 2, 11, 2, § 1; cf. ib. 2, 5, 1; 2, 8, 2; 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

Vadimonium sistere, to present one's self in court, thus keeping the solemn engagement (vadimonium) made to that effect; lit., to make the vadimonium stand, i. e. effective, opp. deserere vadimonium = not to appear, to forfeit the vadimonium. The phrase does not occur in the jurists of the Pandects, the institution of the vadimonium being abolished by Marcus Aurelius. It is found in the following three places only: quid si vadimonium capite obvoluto stitisses? Cat. ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1: ut Quinctium sisti Alfenus promitteret. Venit Romam Quinctius;

vadimonium sistit,

Cic. Quint. 8, 30:

ut nullum illa stiterit vadimonium sine Attico,

Nep. Att. 9; Gai. 4, 185; cf. diem sistere under status, P. a. infra.—

Transf., out of judicial usage, in gen., = to appear or present one's self, quasi ex vadimonio; constr. absol. or with dat. of the person entitled to demand the appearance:

ubi tu es qui me vadatus's Veneriis vadimoniis? Sisto ego tibi me, et mihi contra itidem ted ut sistas suadeo (of a lover's appointment),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5; so,

tibi amatorem illum alacrem vadimonio sistam,

produce, App. M. 9, p. 227, 14:

nam promisimus carnufici aut talentum magnum, aut hunc hodie sistere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 73:

vas factus est alter ejus sistendi, ut si ille non revertisset, moriendum esset sibi,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45. —

Fana sistere, acc. to Festus anciently used, either = to place ( secure and fix places for) temples in founding a city, or to place the couches in the lectisternia:

sistere fana, cum in urbe condendā dicitur, significat loca in oppido futurorum fanorum constituere: quamquam Antistius Labeo, in commentario XV. juris pontificii ait fana sistere esse lectisternia certis locis et diebus habere,

Fest. p. 267 Lind. To this usage Plaut. perh. alludes:

apud illas aedis sistendae mihi sunt sycophantiae,

the place about that house I must make the scene of my tricks, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 25.—

Sistere monumenta, etc., or sistere alone, to erect statues, etc. (= statuere; post-class. and rare;

mostly in Tac.): ut apud Palatium effigies eorum sisteret,

Tac. A. 15, 72:

cum Augustus sibi templum sisti non prohibuisset,

id. ib. 4 37:

at Romae tropaea de Parthis arcusque sistebantur,

id. ib. 15, 18:

monuere ut... templum iisdem vestigiis sisteretur,

id. H. 4, 53:

sistere monumenta,

Aus. Ep. 24, 55: Ast ego te... Carthaginis arce Marmoreis sistam templis (cf. histanai tina), Sil. 8, 231; v. statuo.

Sistere = to cause what is tottering or loose to stand firm, to support or fasten; and neutr., to stand firm.

Causative (rare;

perh. not in class. prose) = stabilire: sucus... mobilis (dentes) sistit,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 15; and trop.: hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu Sistet (cf.: respublica stat;

v. sto),

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

non ita civitatem aegram esse, ut consuetis remediis sisti posset,

Liv. 3, 20, 8 (where sisti may be impers.; v. infra, III. C.).—

Neutr., to stand firm, to last, = stare:

nec mortale genus, nec divum corpora sancta Exiguom possent horai sistere tempus,

Lucr. 1, 1016: qui rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur, Cotta ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223.—

Neutr., to stand firm, to resist:

nec quicquam Teucros Sustentare valet telis, aut sistere contra,

Verg. A. 11, 873; so with dat. = resistere:

donec Galba, inruenti turbae neque aetate neque corpore sistens, sella levaretur,

Tac. H. 1, 35; cf. sisti = resistere, III. B. 1. f. infra.

Sistere = to stand still, and to cause to stand still.

Neutr. = stare (rare; in Varr., Tac., and the poets).

To stand still:

solstitium dictum est quod sol eo die sistere videatur,

Varr. L. L. 5, p. 53 (Bip.):

sistunt amnes,

Verg. G. 1, 479:

incurrit, errat, sistit,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 248.—

To remain, stop:

Siste! Quo praeceps ruis?

Sen. Thyest. 77; id. Oedip. 1050:

vis tu quidem istum intra locum sistere?

will you remain in that position? Tac. A. 4, 40.—

Trop., to stop, not to go any farther:

depunge, ubi sistam,

Pers. 6, 79:

nec in Hectore tracto sistere,

to stop at the dragging of Hector, Stat. Achill. 1, 7.—

To cease (dub.):

hactenus sistat nefas' pius est,

if his crime ceases here, he will be pious, Sen. Thyest. 744 (perh. act., to stop, end).—

Causative (not ante-Aug.; freq. in Tac., Plin., and the poets).

To arrest, stop, check an advancing motion.

With gradum:

plano sistit uterque gradum,

arrest their steps, Prop. 5 (4), 10, 36; Verg. A. 6, 465:

siste properantem gradum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 772:

repente sistunt gradum,

Curt. 4, 6, 14. —With pedem, Ov. R. Am. 80.—

With fugam, to stop, stay, check, stem, arrest the flight:

fugam foedam siste,

Liv. 1, 12, 5:

si periculo suo fugam sistere posset,

id. 30, 12, 1; so Curt. 8, 14, 37; 4, 16, 2; 8, 3, 2; Tac. A. 12, 39.—

Of vehicles, horses, etc.:

esseda siste,

Prop. 2, 1, 76:

equos,

Verg. A. 12, 355:

quadrijugos,

Stat. Achill. 2, 429; so id. Th. 5, 364.—

With iter, to arrest the advance of an army, to halt:

exercitus iter sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 50.—

With bellum, to halt (cf. infra, D.):

Aquilejae sisti bellum expectarique Mucianum jubebat,

Tac. H. 3, [p. 1712] 8.—

Of living objects, in gen.

To arrest their course, make them halt:

aegre coercitam legionem Bedriaci sistit,

Tac. H. 2, 23:

festinantia sistens Fata,

staying the hurrying Fates, Stat. S. 3, 4, 24.—So, se sistere with ab, to desist from:

non prius se ab effuso cursu sistunt,

Liv. 6, 29, 3; hence, to arrest by wounding, i. e. to wound or kill:

aliquem cuspide,

Sil. 1, 382; 1, 163; so,

cervum vulnere sistere,

id. 2, 78.—

To stop a hostile attack of persons, to resist them, ward them off:

ut non sisterent modo Sabinas legiones, sed in fugam averterent,

Liv. 1, 37, 3:

ibi integrae vires sistunt invehentem se jam Samnitem,

id. 10, 14, 18:

nec sisti vis hostium poterat,

Curt. 5, 3, 11:

nec sisti poterant scandentes,

Tac. H. 3, 71; 5, 21. —

Trop., to stop the advance of prices:

pretia augeri in dies, nec mediocribus remediis sisti posse,

Tac. A. 3, 52.—

To arrest the motion of fluids.

Of water:

sistere aquam fluviis,

Verg. A. 4, 489:

amnis, siste parumper aquas,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 2:

quae concita flumina sistunt,

id. M. 7, 154:

sistito infestum mare,

calm, Sen. Agam. 523; cf. Ov. M. 7, 200; id. H. 6, 87; Plin. 28, 8, 29, § 118.—

Of blood and secretions:

(ea) quibus sistitur sanguis parari jubet,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

sanguinem,

Plin. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239; 27, 4, 5, § 18:

haemorrhoidum abundantiam,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 19:

fluctiones,

id. 20, 8, 27, § 71, 34, 10, 23, § 105; 35, 17, 57, § 195:

nomas,

id. 30, 13, 39, § 116; 24, 16, 94, § 151:

mensis,

id. 23, 6, 60, § 112:

vomitiones,

id. 20, 20, 81, § 213:

alvum bubus,

id. 18, 16, 42, § 143:

alvum,

stop the bowels, id. 23, 6, 60, § 113; 22, 25, 59, § 126; 20, 5, 18, § 37:

ventrem,

id. 20, 23, 96, § 256; Mart. 13, 116.—

To arrest the motion of life, make rigid:

ille oculos sistit,

Stat. Th. 2, 539.—

To end, put an end to (= finem facere alicui rei); pass., to cease:

querelas,

Ov. M. 7, 711:

fletus,

id. ib. 14, 835:

lacrimas,

id. F. 1, 367; 480; 6, 154:

minas,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 60:

opus,

id. H. 16 (17), 266; id. M. 3, 153:

labores,

id. ib. 5, 490:

furorem,

Stat. Th. 5, 663:

furialem impetum,

Sen. Med. 157; id. Agam. 203:

pace tamen sisti bellum placet,

Ov. M. 14, 803:

antequam summa dies spectacula sistat,

id. F. 4, 387:

sitim sistere,

to allay, id. P. 3, 1, 18:

nec primo in limine sistit conatus scelerum,

suppresses, Stat. S. 5, 2, 86:

ruinas,

to stop destruction, Plin. Pan. 50, 4:

ventum,

to ward off, turn the wind, id. Ep. 2, 17, 17;

(motus terrae) non ante quadraginta dies sistuntur, = desinunt,

Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 198.—

Sistere with intra = to confine, keep within:

transgresso jam Alpes Caecina, quem sisti intra Gallias posse speraverant,

Tac. H. 2, 11:

dum populatio lucem intra sisteretur,

provided the raids were confined to day-time, id. A. 4, 48. —

Impers. and trop., to arrest or avoid an impending misfortune, or to stand, i. e. to endure; generally in the form sisti non potest (more rarely: sisti potest) = it cannot be endured, a disaster cannot be avoided or met (once in Plaut.; freq. in Liv.; sometimes in Tac.; cf., in gen., Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 720; Drak. ad Liv. 3, 16, 4; Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 29, 8; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 12, 6; Beneke ad Just. 11, 1, 6).

Without a subject, res or a noun of general import being understood:

quid ego nunc agam, nisi ut clipeum ad dorsum accommodem, etc.? Non sisti potest,

it is intolerable, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 94:

totam plebem aere alieno demersam esse, nec sisti posse nisi omnibus consulatur,

Liv. 2, 29, 8:

si domestica seditio adiciatur, sisti non posse,

the situation will be desperate, id. 45, 19, 3:

si quem similem priore anno dedissent, non potuisse sisti,

id. 3, 9, 8:

vixque concordiā sisti videbatur,

that the crisis could scarcely be met, even by harmonious action, id. 3, 16, 4:

qualicunque urbis statu, manente disciplinā militari sisti potuisse,

these evils were endurable, id. 2, 44, 10: exercitum gravi morbo affectari, nec sisti potuisse ni, etc., it would have ended in disaster, if not, etc., id. 29, 10, 1:

qui omnes populi si pariter deficiant, sisti nullo modo posse,

Just. 11, 1, 6 Gronov. ad loc.; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 8 supra, II. A. 1.— Rarely with a subject-clause understood: nec jam sisti poterat, and it was no longer tolerable, i. e. that Nero should disgrace himself, etc., Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Rarely with quin, to prevent etc. (pregn., implying also the stopping of something; cf.

supra, III. B. 1.): neque sisti potuit quin et palatium et domus et cuncta circum haurirentur (igni),

Tac. A. 15, 39.—Hence, stătus, a, um, P. a., as attribute of nouns, occurs in several conventional phrases, as relics of archaic usage.

Status (condictusve) dies cum hoste, in the XII. Tables, = a day of trial fixed by the judge or agreed upon with the adversary;

esp., a peregrinus (= hostis),

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37. It presupposes a phrase, diem sistere, prob.=vadimonium sistere (v. supra, I. C. 2.). Such an appointment was an excuse from the most important public duties, even for soldiers from joining the army, Cinc. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4.—

Hence, transf.: si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies, tamen est eundum quo imperant,

i. e. under all circumstances we must go, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5.—

In certain phrases, appointed, fixed, regular (cf. statutus, with which it is often confounded in MSS.):

status dies: tres in anno statos dies habere quibus, etc.,

Liv. 39, 13, 8:

stato loco statisque diebus,

id. 42, 32, 2; so id. 5, 52, 2; 27, 23 fin.:

stato lustri die,

Sen. Troad. 781:

status sacrificii dies,

Flor. 1, 3, 16:

statum tempus, statā vice, etc.: lunae defectio statis temporibus fit,

Liv. 44, 37 init.; so id. 28, 6, 10:

stato tempore,

Tac. A. 12, 13; id. H. 4, 81; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 173:

stata tempora (partus),

Stat. Achill. 2, 673:

adeo in illā plagā mundus statas vices temporum mutat,

Curt. 8, 19, 13; so id. 9, 9, 9; 5, 1, 23; so, feriae, etc.: feriae statae appellabantur quod certo statutoque die observarentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69 Lind.:

stata quinquennia,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 113:

stata sacra or sacrificia: stata sacrificia sunt quae certis diebus fieri debent,

Fest. p. 264 Lind.:

proficiscuntur Aeniam ad statum sacrificium,

Liv. 40, 4, 9; 23, 35, 3; 5, 46, 2; 39, 13, 8; Cic. Mil. 17, 45:

solemne et statum sacrificium (al. statutum),

id. Tusc. 1, 47, 113; so Liv. 23, 35, 3:

stata sacra,

Ov. F. 2, 528; Stat. Th. 1, 666:

stata foedera,

id. ib. 11, 380:

status flatus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

stati cursus siderum,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 291 (different: statae stellae = fixed stars, Censor. D. N. 8, belonging to II. 2. supra): statae febres, intermittent fevers, returning regularly, Plin. 28, 27, 28, § 107.—

Moderate, average, normal:

inter enim pulcherrimam feminam et deformissimam media forma quaedam est, quae et a nimio pulcritudinis periculo et a summo deformitatis odio vacat, qualis a Q. Ennio perquam eleganti vocabulo stata dicitur...Ennius autem eas fere feminas ait incolumi pudicitia esse quae statā formā forent,

Gell. 5, 11, 12 -14 (v. Enn. Trag. p. 133 Vahl.).