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  • 81 concipiō

        concipiō cēpī, ceptus, ere    [com- + capio], to take hold of, take up, take in, take, receive: inde pabula terrae concipiunt, V.: concipit Iris aquas, draws up, O.: terra Concepit lacrimas, O.: praecordiis conceptam mortem continere: conceptum motu ignem ferre, kindled, L.: ubi silices Concipiunt ignem, O.: flammam, Cs.: Bucina, quae concepit aëra (by blowing), O.: quem mens mea concipit ignem? O.—To conceive, become pregnant: cum concepit mula: ex illo, O.: id, quod conceperat: alqm ex alqo: quem pluvio Danaë conceperat auro, O.: omnia, quae terra concipiat semina: concepta crimina portat, the fruit of sin, O.— Fig., to imagine, conceive, think: quae concipiuntur animo: aliquid animo, L.: aethera mente, grasps in imagination, O.: quicquid concipitur nefas, H.—To understand, comprehend, perceive: principia rerum animo: alqd fieri oportere: lucos illic esse, O. — To adopt, harbor, entertain, conceive: inimicitiae ex aedilitate conceptae, Cs.: mente furores, O.: spem, O.: auribus cupiditatem: malum aut scelus: flagitium cum aliquo: ducis tu concipe curam, i. e. assume, V.—To draw up, comprisc, express in words, compose: sicut verbis concipiatur more nostro, as our phrase is: ius iurandum, L.: verba, quibus gratīs agit, a form, O.: conceptis verbis peierasse: foedus, V.: summas, to report definitely, L. — To promulgate, declare formally, phrase (in religious rites): vota sacerdos, O.: Latinas (ferias) sacrumque rite, L.
    * * *
    concipere, concepi, conceptus V TRANS
    take in/up, receive, catch; derive/draw (from); contain/hold; grasp; adopt; wed; form, devise; understand, imagine; conceive, be mother of; utter (oath/prayer)

    Latin-English dictionary > concipiō

  • 82 report

    re·port [rɪʼpɔ:t, Am -ʼpɔ:rt] n
    1) ( news) Meldung f (on über +akk);
    newspaper \report Zeitungsbericht m, Zeitungsmeldung f;
    \reports in the newspaper/ press Zeitungs-/Presseberichte mpl
    2) ( formal statement) Bericht m (on über +akk);
    the project leader gave a progress \report on what had been achieved so far der Projektleiter erstattete Bericht über die bisher gemachten Fortschritte;
    [school] \report ( Brit) Schulzeugnis nt;
    stock market/weather \report Börsen-/Wetterbericht m;
    annual/financial \report [of a company] Jahres-/Rechenschaftsbericht m [einer Firma];
    weekly/yearly \report wöchentlicher/jährlicher Bericht;
    to give [or make] [or submit] a \report einen Bericht vorlegen
    3) ( unproven claim) Gerücht nt;
    according to \reports... Gerüchten zufolge...
    4) (form: sound of gunshot) Knall m;
    \report of a gun Knallen nt eines Gewehrs;
    sharp \report durchdringender Knall vt
    to \report sth [to sb] [jdm] etw berichten [o melden];
    the assassination was \reported in all the cities über den Mordanschlag wurde in allen Städten berichtet;
    he was \reported missing in action er wurde als vermisst gemeldet;
    to \report casualties Verluste melden;
    to \report a crime/ break-in/theft [to the police] ein Verbrechen/einen Einbruch/einen Diebstahl anzeigen [o [der Polizei] melden];
    to \report information to the authorities Informationen an die Behörden weiterleiten;
    to \report having seen sth aussagen, dass man etw gesehen hat;
    several people \reported having seen the stolen car mehrere Leute gaben an, das gestohlene Auto gesehen zu haben
    2) ( denounce)
    to \report sb jdn melden;
    the foreman \reported the lorry driver to the boss der Vorarbeiter meldete den Lastwagenfahrer beim Chef;
    to \report sb to the police jdn anzeigen
    3) ( claim)
    sb/sth is \reported to be sth jd/etw soll etw sein;
    the new management are \reported to be more popular among the staff es heißt, dass die neue Geschäftsleitung bei der Belegschaft beliebter sei
    to \report sth etw wiedergeben;
    I heard that the account \reported in the press is completely false ich habe gehört, der Bericht in der Presse sei völlig falsch vi
    1) ( make public) Bericht erstatten;
    to \report on sb/ sth to sb [or to sb on sb/ sth] ( once) jdm über jdn/etw Bericht erstatten;
    ( ongoing) jdn über jdn/etw auf dem Laufenden halten;
    I want you to \report on progress every Friday ich möchte, dass sie mir jeden Freitag über die gemachten Fortschritte Bericht erstatten;
    to \report [that]... mitteilen, [dass]...
    to \report to sb jdm unterstehen;
    you will \report directly to the boss Sie sind direkt dem Chef unterstellt
    to \report for duty/ work sich akk zum Dienst/zur Arbeit melden;
    to \report sick ( esp Brit) sich akk krankmelden
    to \report to [or at] somewhere/sb sich akk irgendwo/bei jdm melden, irgendwo/bei jdm vorsprechen;
    some foreigners have to \report to the police station once a month manche Ausländer müssen sich einmal im Monat bei der Polizei melden

    English-German students dictionary > report

  • 83 part

    1. I
    1) they refused to part они не пожелали расстаться
    2) the crowd parted and let us through толпа расступилась и дала нам пройти; the curtain parted занавес раздвинулся; the clouds parted между туч наметился просвет; the roads (the stream, etc.) parted дороги и т.д. расходятся
    3) the rope parted веревка порвалась; cable parted кабель лопнул.
    2. II
    1) part in some manner part amicably (meekly, formally, suddenly, slowly, quickly, airily, etc.) расставаться мирно /полюбовно/ и т.д.; they'll part no more они больше не будут разлучаться
    2) part somewhere our roads part here здесь наши пути расходятся; part in some manner the crowd parted right and left to make way for the soldiers толпа отступила вправо и влево и освободила путь для солдат
    3. III
    1) part smb., smth. part friends а) разлучать друзей; б) расставаться друзьями; we parted the best of friends мы расстались лучшими друзьями; part company a) расходиться или разъезжаться; б) ссориться, перестать дружить
    2) part smb., smth. part fighters (combatants, etc.) разнимать дерущихся и т.д.; I parted the fighting dogs я разнял сцепившихся собак; the soldiers (the policemen on horseback, etc.) parted the crowd солдаты и т.д. заставили толпу расступиться; an islet parts the stream речка разделяется островком; а smile parted her lips ее губы раскрылись в улыбке; part one's hair расчесывать волосы на пробор
    3) part smth. part a rope (a cable, etc.) рвать веревку и т.д.; the strain parted the rope веревка лопнула от напряжения
    4. IV
    1) part smb. in some manner part smb. cruelly безжалостно разлучить кого-л.
    2) part smth. in some manner part one's hair carefully тщательно расчесывать волосы ни пробор
    5. XI
    1) be parted the lovers were parted влюбленных разлучили; friends were parted друзей заставили расстаться
    2) be parted in some manner his hair was parted exactly in the middle пробор у него был /шел/ точно посередине; он аккуратно расчесывал волосы на прямой пробор; her heir was parted at the side она расчесывала волосы на косой пробор; our garden is parted from theirs by a low fence наш сад отделен от их сада низким забором
    6. XIII
    part to do smth. the crowd parted to let him through толпа расступилась и дала ему пройти
    7. XVI
    1) part at (in, on, etc.) smth. part at the corner (at the gate, on the quay, in the square, etc.) расставаться на углу и т.д.; part from /with/ smb. part from a friend (with one's child, etc.) расставаться /прощаться/ с другом и т.д.; I parted from him reluctantly я неохотно расстался с ним; part in smth. part in anger разойтись, разругавшись; part from smb. at smth. I parted from him at Tokyo station я расстался /распрощался/ с ним на вокзале в Токио; part for some time part for a year расставаться на год; part for ever расставаться навсегда
    2) part with smb. part with one's secretary (with one's agent, etc.) отпускать /увольнять/ секретаря и т.д., давать расчет секретарю и т.д.; part with smth. part with one's property отказываться от своей собственности; part with one's house покинуть или продать свой дом; I wouldn't part with that book at any price эту книгу я не отдам ни за какие деньги; he hates to part with his money он терпеть не может платить
    3) part under smth. the rope parted under the strain (under the pressure, etc.) веревка лопнула от напряжения и т.д.
    8. XX1
    part as smb. part as friends расставаться /расходиться/ друзьями
    9. XXI1
    1) part smth. into smth. the island parts the river into two branches остров делит реку на два рукава; part smth., smb. from smth., smb. part an island from the mainland (North America from Asia, calves from the herd, etc.) отделять остров от материка и т.д.; Bering Strait parts North America from Asia от Азии Северную Америку отделяет Берингов пролив
    2) part smb. from smb. the war parted them from their families война разлучала их с семьями If part company with smb. расставаться с кем-л.; I am afraid I must part company with you боюсь, что я должен с вами распрощаться

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > part

  • 84 Indivision

       legal term defining the status of property, notably land and buildings, owned jointly by the heirs of a deceased owner. French inheritance laws provide for the obligatory sharing of the estate of a deceased person among his or her direct descendants (children). When, as often, a person does not formally divide up their property among their heirs before death, all their estate passes jointly to their children or nearest family. Until such time as these heirs agree on how the estate will be divided among them, the estate remains in "indivision"; this means that no property can be sold off without the agreement of all the heirs. When one or more of these heirs is out of contact, or deliberately uncooperative, this can lead to a situation where property, notably buildings, remain empty and unsaleable for years on end. However, since 2007, the law has been modified to allow heirs representing at least 2/3 of the rights of ownership to apply to the courts for permission to sell a property; in other words, if two out of three children wish to sell a property, and the third does not, the courts can now prevent the third one from blocking the sale. The heir who does not wish to sell retains the right to buy out the shares of the other heirs. Note that property for which a surviving spouse has a right of usufruct cannot be sold off.
       Shares in an undivided estate can be sold by any heir who wishes to do so; but the purchaser remains bound by the rules of indivision.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Indivision

  • 85 definition

    1) определение, дефиниция, формулировка
    2) ясность, понятность
    3) чёткость, резкость ( изображения)
    •

    definition by abstraction — матем. определение путём абстракции

    definition by contraposition — матем. определение через противоположение

    definition by correlation — матем. определение через корреляционное отношение

    definition by induction — матем. определение по индукции

    definition by recursion — матем. рекурсивное определение

    English-Russian scientific dictionary > definition

  • 86 nuncupo

    nuncŭpo, āvi, ātum, 1 (nuncupassit for nuncupaverit; v. in the foll.), v. a. [nomencapio], to call by name, to call, name (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.;

    esp. in jurid. lang.: quem cultrix nomine nostro nuncupat,

    Ov. F. 1, 246; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153; Quint. 8, 3, 27 Spald. N. cr.; cf.: designo, declaro, dico): nuncupare nominare valere apparet in legibus, ubi nuncupatae pecuniae sunt scriptae;

    item in choro, in quo est: Aenea! Quis est qui meum nomen nuncupat? Item in Medio: Quis tu es mulier, quae me insueto nuncupāsti nomine?

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 60 Müll.: CVM NEXVM FACIET MANCIPIVMQVE VTI LINGVA NVNCVPASSIT ITA IVS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 173 Müll.; cf. Cic. Off. 3, 16, 65; cf. also id. de Or. 1, 57, 245: nuncupata pecunia est nominata, certa (nomine certa?), nominibus propriis pronuntiata, Paul. ex Fest. p. 173 Müll.:

    tum illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60; cf. id. ib. 2, 28, 71:

    res utiles deorum vocabulis,

    id. ib. 1, 15, 38; Plin. 4, 12, 27, § 91:

    Pompeii M. titulos omnes triumphosque hoc in loco nuncupari,

    id. 7, 26, 27, § 95:

    aliquam reginam,

    Just. 24, 2, 9:

    aliquem Caesarem,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 23, 2:

    Indigetem,

    Ov. M. 14, 608.— Poet.: alicujus fidem, to invoke, Pac. ap. Non. 90, 11 (Trag. Rel. p. 78, v 141 Rib.).—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Nuncupare heredem, to name publicly before witnesses as one's heir:

    heredes palam, ita ut exaudiri possint nuncupandi sunt,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    voce nuncupatus heres,

    Just. 12, 15 fin.; Dig. 37, 11, 8: nuncupatum testamentum, a testament drawn up in the presence of witnesses, in which the testator names his heirs, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 5.—
    B.
    In gen., to constitute or appoint as one's heir, Suet. Claud. 4; id. Calig. 38:

    nec quia offendit alius, nuncuparis, sed quia ipse meruisti,

    Plin. Pan. 43.—
    C.
    To announce publicly, proclaim formally:

    consultatum pro rostris an in senatu an in castris adoptio nuncuparetur,

    Tac. H. 1, 17.—
    D.
    To pronounce vows publicly, to offer vows, to vow: vota nuncupata dicuntur, quae consules, praetores cum in provinciam proficiscuntur faciunt: ea in tabulas praesentibus multis referuntur. At Santra L. II. de verborum antiquitate satis multis nuncupata colligit non directo nominata significare, sed promissa et quasi testificata, circumscripta, recepta, quod etiam in votis nuncupandis esse convenientius, Paul. ex Fest. p. 173 Müll.; Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11; Liv. 21, 63:

    cum consul more majorum secundum vota in Capitolio nuncupata, cum lictoribus paludatus profectus ab urbe esset,

    id. 41, 10:

    solvere vota nuncupata pro incolumitate exercitus,

    Val. Max. 1, 1 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nuncupo

  • 87 solemn

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solemn

  • 88 sollemne

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollemne

  • 89 sollemnis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollemnis

  • 90 sollempnis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollempnis

  • 91 sollenn

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollenn

  • 92 sollennis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollennis

  • 93 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

  • 94 Catholic church

       The Catholic Church and the Catholic religion together represent the oldest and most enduring of all Portuguese institutions. Because its origins as an institution go back at least to the middle of the third century, if not earlier, the Christian and later the Catholic Church is much older than any other Portuguese institution or major cultural influence, including the monarchy (lasting 770 years) or Islam (540 years). Indeed, it is older than Portugal (869 years) itself. The Church, despite its changing doctrine and form, dates to the period when Roman Lusitania was Christianized.
       In its earlier period, the Church played an important role in the creation of an independent Portuguese monarchy, as well as in the colonization and settlement of various regions of the shifting Christian-Muslim frontier as it moved south. Until the rise of absolutist monarchy and central government, the Church dominated all public and private life and provided the only education available, along with the only hospitals and charity institutions. During the Middle Ages and the early stage of the overseas empire, the Church accumulated a great deal of wealth. One historian suggests that, by 1700, one-third of the land in Portugal was owned by the Church. Besides land, Catholic institutions possessed a large number of chapels, churches and cathedrals, capital, and other property.
       Extensive periods of Portuguese history witnessed either conflict or cooperation between the Church as the monarchy increasingly sought to gain direct control of the realm. The monarchy challenged the great power and wealth of the Church, especially after the acquisition of the first overseas empire (1415-1580). When King João III requested the pope to allow Portugal to establish the Inquisition (Holy Office) in the country and the request was finally granted in 1531, royal power, more than religion was the chief concern. The Inquisition acted as a judicial arm of the Catholic Church in order to root out heresies, primarily Judaism and Islam, and later Protestantism. But the Inquisition became an instrument used by the crown to strengthen its power and jurisdiction.
       The Church's power and prestige in governance came under direct attack for the first time under the Marquis of Pombal (1750-77) when, as the king's prime minister, he placed regalism above the Church's interests. In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal, although they were allowed to return after Pombal left office. Pombal also harnessed the Inquisition and put in place other anticlerical measures. With the rise of liberalism and the efforts to secularize Portugal after 1820, considerable Church-state conflict occurred. The new liberal state weakened the power and position of the Church in various ways: in 1834, all religious orders were suppressed and their property confiscated both in Portugal and in the empire and, in the 1830s and 1840s, agrarian reform programs confiscated and sold large portions of Church lands. By the 1850s, Church-state relations had improved, various religious orders were allowed to return, and the Church's influence was largely restored. By the late 19th century, Church and state were closely allied again. Church roles in all levels of education were pervasive, and there was a popular Catholic revival under way.
       With the rise of republicanism and the early years of the First Republic, especially from 1910 to 1917, Church-state relations reached a new low. A major tenet of republicanism was anticlericalism and the belief that the Church was as much to blame as the monarchy for the backwardness of Portuguese society. The provisional republican government's 1911 Law of Separation decreed the secularization of public life on a scale unknown in Portugal. Among the new measures that Catholics and the Church opposed were legalization of divorce, appropriation of all Church property by the state, abolition of religious oaths for various posts, suppression of the theology school at Coimbra University, abolition of saints' days as public holidays, abolition of nunneries and expulsion of the Jesuits, closing of seminaries, secularization of all public education, and banning of religious courses in schools.
       After considerable civil strife over the religious question under the republic, President Sidónio Pais restored normal relations with the Holy See and made concessions to the Portuguese Church. Encouraged by the apparitions at Fátima between May and October 1917, which caused a great sensation among the rural people, a strong Catholic reaction to anticlericalism ensued. Backed by various new Catholic organizations such as the "Catholic Youth" and the Academic Center of Christian Democracy (CADC), the Catholic revival influenced government and politics under the Estado Novo. Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar was not only a devout Catholic and member of the CADC, but his formative years included nine years in the Viseu Catholic Seminary preparing to be a priest. Under the Estado Novo, Church-state relations greatly improved, and Catholic interests were protected. On the other hand, Salazar's no-risk statism never went so far as to restore to the Church all that had been lost in the 1911 Law of Separation. Most Church property was never returned from state ownership and, while the Church played an important role in public education to 1974, it never recovered the influence in education it had enjoyed before 1911.
       Today, the majority of Portuguese proclaim themselves Catholic, and the enduring nature of the Church as an institution seems apparent everywhere in the country. But there is no longer a monolithic Catholic faith; there is growing diversity of religious choice in the population, which includes an increasing number of Protestant Portuguese as well as a small but growing number of Muslims from the former Portuguese empire. The Muslim community of greater Lisbon erected a Mosque which, ironically, is located near the Spanish Embassy. In the 1990s, Portugal's Catholic Church as an institution appeared to be experiencing a revival of influence. While Church attendance remained low, several Church institutions retained an importance in society that went beyond the walls of the thousands of churches: a popular, flourishing Catholic University; Radio Re-nascenca, the country's most listened to radio station; and a new private television channel owned by the Church. At an international conference in Lisbon in September 2000, the Cardinal Patriarch of Portugal, Dom José Policarpo, formally apologized to the Jewish community of Portugal for the actions of the Inquisition. At the deliberately selected location, the place where that religious institution once held its hearings and trials, Dom Policarpo read a declaration of Catholic guilt and repentance and symbolically embraced three rabbis, apologizing for acts of violence, pressures to convert, suspicions, and denunciation.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Catholic church

  • 95 East Timor

       Colony of Portugal from the 16th century to December 1975, with an area of 40,000 square kilometers (18,989 square miles). East Timor is located on the eastern portion of the island of Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. From 1975 to August 1999, when it was forcibly annexed and occupied by Indonesia, until May 2002, when it achieved full independence, East Timor was, in effect, a ward of the United Nations.
       In the 16th century, the Portuguese established trading posts on the island, but for centuries few Portuguese settled there, and the "colony" remained isolated and neglected. After the Dutch won control of Indonesia, there was a territorial dispute with Portugal as to who "owned" what on the island of Timor. In 1859, this question was decided as the Dutch and Portuguese governments formally divided the island into a Dutch portion (west) and the Portuguese colony (east) and established the frontier. From the late 19th century to World War I, Portugal consolidated its control of East Timor by means of military campaigns against the Timorese tribes. In addition to colonial officials, a few Portuguese missionaries and merchants occupied East Timor, but few Portuguese ever settled there.
       East Timor's geographic location close to the north coast of Australia and its sharing of one island in the Dutch colony catapulted it into world affairs early in World War II. To forestall a Japanese invasion of Timor, a joint Dutch-Australian expedition landed on 17 December 1941; the Portuguese authorities neither resisted nor cooperated. In February 1942, when Japanese troops landed in Timor, the small allied force fled to the hills and later was evacuated to Australia. Japan occupied all of Timor and the remainder of the Dutch East Indies until Japan's surrender in September 1945. Portugal soon reassumed control.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, East Timorese nationalist parties hoped for rapid decolonization and independence with Lisbon's cooperation. But on 28 November 1975, before a preoccupied Portugal could work out a formal transfer of power, the Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor (FRETILIN), then in control of the former colony's capital, declared independence, and, on 7 December 1975, Indonesian armed forces swiftly invaded, occupied, and annexed East Timor. In the following years, a tragic loss of life occurred. Portugal refused to recognize Indonesia's sovereignty over East Timor and claimed legal sovereignty before the United Nations.
       As Indonesia persistently and brutally suppressed Timorese nationalist resistance, world media attention focused on this still remote island. Several sensational international and Indonesian events altered the status of occupied East Timor, following the continuation of FRETILIN guerrilla resistance. In November 1991, world media disseminated information on the Indonesian forces' slaughter of East Timorese protesters at a cemetery demonstration in the capital of Dili. In 1996, two East Timorese, Bishop Belo and José Ramos Horta, each a symbol of East Timorese resistance and the desire for independence, shared the Nobel Peace Prize. Then, in 1998, in Indonesia, the Suharto regime collapsed and was replaced by a more democratic government, which in January 1999 pledged a free referendum in East Timor. On 30 August 1999, the referendum was held, and nearly 80 percent of the East Timorese voters voted for independence from Indonesia.
       However, Indonesian armed forces and militias reacted brutally, using intimidation, murder, mayhem, and razing of buildings to try to reverse the people's will. Following some weeks of confusion, a United Nations (UN) armed forces, led by Australia, took control of East Timor and declared it a UN protectorate, to last until East Timor was secure from Indonesian aggression and prepared for full independence. East Timor had changed from a Portuguese colony to an Indonesian protectorate/colony to a fledgling nation-in-the-making.
       The status of East Timor as a ward of the UN was made official on 25 October 1999, as the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor began to prepare the country for independence. Appalling conditions prevailed: 70 percent of the country's buildings had been destroyed and nearly half of the population of 800,000 had been driven out of East Timor into uneasy refuge in West Timor, under Indonesian control. A territory without an economy, East Timor lacked police, civil servants, schools, and government records.
       With UN assistance, general elections were held in the spring of 2002; the majority of parliamentary seats were won by FRETILIN, and José "Xanana" Gusmão was elected the first president. On 20 May 2002, East Timor became independent. World luminaries adorned the independence celebrations: UN secretary-general Kofi Annan, former U.S. president Bill Clinton, and other celebrities attended. But East Timor's travails continued with civil strife and uncertainty.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > East Timor

  • 96 λόγος

    λόγος, ὁ, verbal noun of λέγω (B), with senses corresponding to λέγω (B) II and III (on the various senses of the word v. Theo Sm.pp.72,73 H., An.Ox.4.327): common in all periods in Prose and Verse, exc. Epic, in which it is found in signf. derived from λέγω (B) 111, cf.infr. VI. 1 a:
    I computation, reckoning (cf. λέγω (B) II).
    1 account of money handled,

    σανίδες εἰς ἃς τὸν λ. ἀναγράφομεν IG12.374.191

    ; ἐδίδοσαν τὸν λ. ib.232.2;

    λ. δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων Hdt.3.142

    , cf. 143;

    οὔτε χρήματα διαχειρίσας τῆς πόλεως δίδωμι λ. αὐτῶν οὔτε ἀρχὴν ἄρξας οὐδεμίαν εὐθύνας ὑπέχω νῦν αὐτῆς Lys.24.26

    ;

    λ. ἀπενεγκεῖν Arist.Ath.54.1

    ;

    ἐν ταῖς εὐθύναις τοῦ τοιούτου λ. ὑπεχέτω Pl.Lg. 774b

    ;

    τὸν τῶν χρημάτων λ. παρὰ τούτων λαμβάνειν D.8.47

    ;

    ἀδικήματα εἰς ἀργυρίου λ. ἀνήκοντα Din.1.60

    ; συνᾶραι λόγον μετά τινος settle accounts with, Ev.Matt.18.23, etc.; δεύτεροι λ. a second audit, Cod.Just.1.4.26.1; ὁ τραπεζιτικὸς λ. banking account, Theo Sm.p.73 H.: metaph.,

    οὐκ ἂν πριαίμην οὐδενὸς λ. βροτόν S.Aj. 477

    .
    b public accounts, i. e. branch of treasury, ἴδιος λ., in Egypt, OGI188.2, 189.3, 669.38; also as title of treasurer, ib.408.4, Str.17.1.12;

    ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν λ. IPE2.29

     A ([place name] Panticapaeum); δημόσιος λ., = Lat. fiscus, OGI669.21 (Egypt, i A.D.), etc. (but later, = aerarium, Cod.Just.1.5.15); also

    Καίσαρος λ. OGI669.30

    ; κυριακὸς λ. ib.18.
    2 generally, account, reckoning, μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λ. excels the whole account, i.e. is best of all, S.OC 1225 (lyr.); δόντας λ. τῶν ἐποίησαν accounting for, i.e. paying the penalty for their doings, Hdt.8.100;

    λ. αἰτεῖν Pl.Plt. 285e

    ;

    λ. δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι Id.Prt. 336c

    , al.;

    λαμβάνειν λ. καὶ ἐλέγχειν Id.Men. 75d

    ;

    παρασχεῖν τῶν εἰρημένων λ. Id.R. 344d

    ;

    λ. ἀπαιτεῖν D.30.15

    , cf. Arist. EN 1104a3; λ. ὑπέχειν, δοῦναι, D.19.95;

    λ. ἐγγράψαι Id.24.199

    , al.;

    λ. ἀποφέρειν τῇ πόλει Aeschin.3.22

    , cf. Eu. Luc.16.2, Ep.Hebr.13.17;

    τὸ παράδοξον τῶν συμβεβηκότων ὑπὸ λόγον ἄγειν Plb.15.34.2

    ; λ. ἡ ἐπιστήμη, πολλὰ δὲ ὁ λ. the account is manifold, Plot.6.9.4; ἔχων λόγον τοῦ διὰ τί an account of the cause, Arist.APo. 74b27; ἐς λ. τινός on account of,

    ἐς χρημάτων λ. Th.3.46

    , cf. Plb.5.89.6, LXX 2 Ma1.14, JRS 18.152 ([place name] Jerash); λόγῳ c. gen., by way of, Cod.Just.3.2.5. al.; κατὰ λόγον τοῦ μεγέθους if we take into account his size, Arist.HA 517b27;

    πρὸς ὃν ἡμῖν ὁ λ. Ep.Hebr.4.13

    , cf. D.Chr.31.123.
    3 measure, tale (cf. infr. 11.1),

    θάλασσα.. μετρέεται ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. ὁκοῖος πρόσθεν Heraclit.31

    ;

    ψυχῆς ἐστι λ. ἑαυτὸν αὔξων Id.115

    ; ἐς τούτου (sc. γήραος) λ. οὐ πολλοί τινες ἀπικνέονται to the point of old age, Hdt.3.99, cf.7.9.β; ὁ ξύμπας λ. the full tale, Th.7.56, cf. Ep.Phil.4.15; κοινῷ λ. νομίσαντα common measure, Pl.Lg. 746e; sum, total of expenditure, IG42(1).103.151 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὁ τῆς οὐσίας λ., = Lat. patrimonii modus, Cod.Just.1.5.12.20.
    4 esteem, consideration, value put on a person or thing (cf. infr. VI. 2 d), οὗ πλείων λ. ἢ τῶν ἄλλων who is of more worth than all the rest, Heraclit.39; βροτῶν λ. οὐκ ἔσχεν οὐδέν' A.Pr. 233;

    οὐ σμικροῦ λ. S.OC 1163

    : freq. in Hdt.,

    Μαρδονίου λ. οὐδεὶς γίνεται 8.102

    ;

    τῶν ἦν ἐλάχιστος ἀπολλυμένων λ. 4.135

    , cf. E.Fr.94;

    περὶ ἐμοῦ οὐδεὶς λ. Ar.Ra.87

    ; λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι πρός τινος to be of no account, repute with.., Hdt.1.120, cf.4.138; λόγου ποιήσασθαί τινα make one of account, Id.1.33; ἐλαχίστου, πλείστου λ. εἶναι, to be highly, lowly esteemed, Id.1.143, 3.146; but also λόγον τινὸς ποιεῖσθαι, like Lat. rationem habere alicujus, make account of, set a value on, Democr.187, etc.: usu. in neg. statements,

    οὐδένα λ. ποιήσασθαί τινος Hdt.1.4

    , cf. 13, Plb.21.14.9, etc.;

    λ. ἔχειν Hdt.1.62

    , 115;

    λ. ἴσχειν περί τινος Pl.Ti. 87c

    ;

    λ. ἔχειν περὶ τοὺς ποιητάς Lycurg.107

    ;

    λ. ἔχειν τινός D.18.199

    , Arist.EN 1102b32, Plu.Phil.18 (but also, have the reputation of.., v. infr. VI. 2 e);

    ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ποιήσασθαί τι Hdt.3.50

    ; ἐν οὐδενὶ λ. ἀπώλοντο without regard, Id.9.70;

    ἐν σμικρῷ λ. εἶναι Pl.R. 550a

    ; ὑμεῖς οὔτ' ἐν λ. οὔτ' ἐν ἀριθμῷ Orac. ap. Sch.Theoc.14.48; ἐν ἀνδρῶν λ. [εἶναι] to be reckoned, count as a man, Hdt.3.120; ἐν ἰδιώτεω λόγῳ καὶ ἀτίμου reckoned as.., Eus.Mynd.Fr. 59;

    σεμνὸς εἰς ἀρετῆς λ. καὶ δόξης D.19.142

    .
    II relation, correspondence, proportion,
    1 generally, ὑπερτερίης λ. relation (of gold to lead), Thgn.418 = 1164;

    πρὸς λόγον τοῦ σήματος A.Th. 519

    ; κατὰ λόγον προβαίνοντες τιμῶσι in inverse ratio, Hdt.1.134, cf. 7.36;

    κατὰ λ. τῆς ἀποφορῆς Id.2.109

    ; τἄλλα κατὰ λ. in like fashion, Hp.VM16, Prog.17: c. gen., κατὰ λ. τῶν πρόσθεν ib. 24;

    κατὰ λ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ar. Nu. 619

    ;

    κατὰ λ. τῆς δυνάμεως X. Cyr.8.6.11

    ;

    ἐλάττω ἢ κατὰ λ. Arist. HA 508a2

    , cf. PA 671a18;

    ἐκ ταύτης ἐγένετο ἐκείνη κατὰ λ. Id.Pol. 1257a31

    ; cf. εὔλογος: sts. with ὁ αὐτός added, κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. τῷ τείχεϊ in fashion like to.., Hdt.1.186; περὶ τῶν νόσων ὁ αὐτὸς λ. analogously, Pl.Tht. 158d, cf. Prm. 136b, al.; εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λ. similarly, Id.R. 353d; κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λ. in the same ratio, IG12.76.8; by parity of reasoning, Pl.Cra. 393c, R. 610a, al.; ἀνὰ λόγον τινός, τινί, Id.Ti. 29c, Alc.2.145d; τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν λ. πρὸς.. ὃν ἡ παιδεία πρὸς τὴν ἀρετήν is related to.. as.., Procl.in Euc.p.20 F., al.
    2 Math., ratio, proportion (ὁ κατ' ἀνάλογον λ., λ. τῆς ἀναλογίας, Theo Sm.p.73 H.), Pythag. 2;

    ἰσότης λόγων Arist.EN 113a31

    ;

    λ. ἐστὶ δύο μεγεθῶν ἡ κατὰ πηλικότητα ποιὰ σχέσις Euc.5

     Def.3;

    τῶν ἁρμονιῶν τοὺς λ. Arist.Metaph. 985b32

    , cf. 1092b14; λόγοι ἀριθμῶν numerical ratios, Aristox.Harm.p.32 M.; τοὺς φθόγγους ἀναγκαῖον ἐν ἀριθμοῦ λ. λέγεσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους to be expressed in numerical ratios, Euc.Sect.Can. Proëm.: in Metre, ratio between arsis and thesis, by which the rhythm is defined, Aristox.Harm.p.34 M.;

    ἐὰν ᾖ ἰσχυροτέρα τοῦ αἰσθητηρίου ἡ κίνησις, λύεται ὁ λ. Arist.de An. 424a31

    ; ἀνὰ λόγον analogically, Archyt.2; ἀνὰ λ. μερισθεῖσα [ἡ ψυχή] proportionally, Pl. Ti. 37a; so

    κατὰ λ. Men.319.6

    ; πρὸς λόγον in proportion, Plb.6.30.3, 9.15.3 (but πρὸς λόγον ἐπὶ στενὸν συνάγεται narrows uniformly, Sor. 1.9, cf. Diocl.Fr.171);

    ἐπὶ λόγον IG5(1).1428

     ([place name] Messene).
    3 Gramm., analogy, rule, τῷ λ. τῶν μετοχικῶν, τῆς συγκοπῆς, by the rule of the participles, of syncope, Choerob. in Theod.1.75 Gaisf., 1.377 H.;

    εἰπέ μοι τὸν λ. τοῦ Αἴας Αἴαντος, τουτέστι τὸν κανόνα An.Ox. 4.328

    .
    1 plea, pretext, ground, ἐκ τίνος λ.; A.Ch. 515;

    ἐξ οὐδενὸς λ. S.Ph. 731

    ;

    ἀπὸ παντὸς λ. Id.OC 762

    ;

    χὠ λ. καλὸς προσῆν Id.Ph. 352

    ;

    σὺν ἀφανεῖ λ. Id.OT 657

     (lyr., v.l. λόγων)

    ; ἐν ἀφανεῖ λ. Antipho 5.59

    ;

    ἐπὶ τοιούτῳ λ. Hdt.6.124

    ; κατὰ τίνα λ.; on what ground? Pl.R. 366b; οὐδὲ πρὸς ἕνα λ. to no purpose, Id.Prt. 343d; ἐπὶ τίνι λ.; for what reason? X.HG2.2.19; τὸν λ. τοῦτον this ground of complaint, Aeschin.3.228; τίνι δικαίῳ λ.; what just cause is there? Pl.Grg. 512c; τίνι λ.; on what account? Act.Ap.10.29; κατὰ λόγον ἂν ἠνεσχόμην ὑμῶν reason would that.., ib.18.14; λ. ἔχειν, with personal subject, εἶχον ἄν τινα λ. I (i.e. my conduct) would have admitted of an explanation, Pl.Ap. 31b; τὸν ὀρθὸν λ. the true explanation, ib. 34b.
    b plea, case, in Law or argument (cf. VIII. I), τὸν ἥττω λ. κρείττω ποιεῖν to make the weaker case prevail, ib. 18b, al., Arist.Rh. 1402a24, cf. Ar.Nu. 1042 (pl.); personified, ib. 886, al.;

    ἀμύνεις τῷ τῆς ἡδονῆς λ. Pl.Phlb. 38a

    ;

    ἀνοίσεις τοὺς λ. αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν θεόν LXXEx.18.19

    ; ἐχειν λ. πρός τινα to have a case, ground of action against.., Act.Ap.19.38.
    2 statement of a theory, argument, οὐκ ἐμεῦ ἀλλὰ τοῦ λ. ἀκούσαντας prob. in Heraclit.50; λόγον ἠδὲ νόημα ἀμφὶς ἀληθείης discourse and reflection on reality, Parm.8.50; δηλοῖ οὗτος ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Democr.7; οὐκ ἔχει λόγον it is not arguable, i.e. reasonable, S.El. 466, Pl.Phd. 62d, etc.;

    ἔχει λ. D.44.32

    ;

    οὐδεὶς αὐτὰ καταβαλεῖ λ. E.Ba. 202

    ;

    δίκασον.. τὸν λ. ἀκούσας Pl.Lg. 696b

    ; personified, φησὶ οὗτος ὁ λ. ib. 714d, cf. Sph. 238b, Phlb. 50a; ὡς ὁ λ. (sc. λέγει) Arist.EN 1115b12; ὡς ὁ λ. ὁ ὀρθὸς λέγει ib. 1138b20, cf. 29;

    ὁ λ. θέλει προσβιβάζειν Phld.Rh.1.41

    , cf.1.19 S.;

    οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἀκούσειε λόγου ἀποτρέποντος Arist.EN 1179b27

    ;

    λ. καθαίρων Aristo Stoic.1.88

    ; λόγου τυγχάνειν to be explained, Phld.Mus.p.77 K.; ὁ τὸν λ. μου ἀκούων my teaching, Ev.Jo.5.24; ὁ προφητικὸς λ., collect., of VT prophecy, 2 Ep.Pet.1.19: pl.,

    ὁκόσων λόγους ἤκουσα Heraclit.108

    ;

    οὐκ ἐπίθετο τοῖς ἐμοῖς λ. Ar.Nu.73

    ; of arguments leading to a conclusion ([etym.] ὁ λ.), Pl. Cri. 46b;

    τὰ Ἀναξαγόρου βιβλία γέμει τούτων τῶν λ. Id.Ap. 26d

    ; λ. ἀπὸ τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχάς, Arist.EN 1095a31; συλλογισμός ἐστι λ. ἐν ᾧ τεθέντων τινῶν κτλ. Id.APr. 24b18; λ. ἀντίτυπός τε καὶ ἄπορος, of a self-contradictory theory, Plot.6.8.7.
    b ὁ περὶ θεῶν λ., title of a discourse by Protagoras, D.L.9.54; ὁ Ἀχιλλεὺς λ., name of an argument, ib.23;

    ὁ αὐξόμενος λ. Plu.2.559b

    ; καταβάλλοντες (sc. λόγοι), title of work by Protagoras, S.E.M.7.60;

    λ. σοφιστικοί Arist.SE 165a34

    , al.;

    οἱ μαθηματικοὶ λ. Id.Rh. 1417a19

    , etc.; οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λ., current outside the Lyceum, Id.Ph. 217b31, al.; Δισσοὶ λ., title of a philosophical treatise (= Dialex.); Λ. καὶ Λογίνα, name of play of Epicharmus, quibble, argument, personified, Ath.8.338d.
    c in Logic, proposition, whether as premiss or conclusion,

    πρότασίς ἐστι λ. καταφατικὸς ἢ ἀποφατικός τινος κατά τινος Arist.APr. 24a16

    .
    d rule, principle, law, as embodying the result of λογισμός, Pi.O.2.22, P.1.35, N.4.31;

    πείθεσθαι τῷ λ. ὃς ἄν μοι λογιζομένῳ βέλτιστος φαίνηται Pl.Cri. 46b

    , cf. c; ἡδονὰς τοῖς ὀρθοῖς λ. ἑπομένας obeying right principles, Id.Lg. 696c; προαιρέσεως [ἀρχὴ] ὄρεξις καὶ λ. ὁ ἕνεκά τινος principle directed to an end, Arist.EN 1139a32; of the final cause,

    ἀρχὴ ὁ λ. ἔν τε τοῖς κατὰ τέχνην καὶ ἐν τοῖς φύσει συνεστηκόσιν Id.PA 639b15

    ; ἀποδιδόασι τοὺς λ. καὶ τὰς αἰτίας οὗ ποιοῦσι ἑκάστου ib.18; [

    τέχνη] ἕξις μετὰ λ. ἀληθοῦς ποιητική Id.EN 1140a10

    ; ὀρθὸς λ. true principle, right rule, ib. 1144b27, 1147b3, al.; κατὰ λόγον by rule, consistently,

    ὁ κατὰ λ. ζῶν Pl.Lg. 689d

    , cf. Ti. 89d; τὸ κατὰ λ. ζῆν, opp. κατὰ πάθος, Arist.EN 1169a5; κατὰ λ. προχωρεῖν according to plan, Plb.1.20.3.
    3 law, rule of conduct,

    ᾧ μάλιστα διηνεκῶς ὁμιλοῦσι λόγῳ Heraclit.72

    ;

    πολλοὶ λόγον μὴ μαθόντες ζῶσι κατὰ λόγον Democr.53

    ; δεῖ ὑπάρχειν τὸν λ. τὸν καθόλου τοῖς ἄρχουσιν universal principle, Arist.Pol. 1286a17;

    ὁ νόμος.. λ. ὢν ἀπό τινος φρονήσεως καὶ νοῦ Id.EN 1180a21

    ; ὁ νόμος.. ἔμψυχος ὢν ἑαυτῷ λ. conscience, Plu. 2.780c; τὸν λ. πρόχειρον ἔχειν precept, Phld.Piet.30, cf. 102;

    ὁ προστακτικὸς τῶν ποιητέων ἢ μὴ λ. κοινός M.Ant.4.4

    .
    4 thesis, hypothesis, provisional ground, ὡς ἂν εἰ λέγοι λόγον maintain a thesis, Pl. Prt. 344b; ὑποθέμενος ἑκάστοτε λ. provisionally assuming a proposition, Id.Phd. 100a; τὸν τῆς ὁμοιότητος λ. hypothesis of equivalence, Arist.Cael. 296a20.
    5 reason, ground,

    πάντων γινομένων κατὰ τὸν λ. τόνδε Heraclit.1

    ;

    οὕτω βαθὺν λ. ἔχει Id.45

    ; ἐκ λόγου, opp. μάτην, Leucipp. 2;

    μέγιστον σημεῖον οὗτος ὁ λ. Meliss.8

    ; [ἐμπειρία] οὐκ ἔχει λ. οὐδένα ὧν προσφέρει has no grounds for.., Pl.Grg. 465a; μετὰ λόγου

    τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης θείας Id.Sph. 265c

    ; ἡ μετα λόγου ἀληθὴς δόξα ([etym.] ἐπιστήμη) Id.Tht. 201c; λόγον ζητοῦσιν ὧν οὐκ ἔστι λ. proof, Arist. Metaph. 1011a12;

    οἱ ἁπάντων ζητοῦντες λ. ἀναιροῦσι λ. Thphr.Metaph. 26

    .
    6 formula (wider than definition, but freq. equivalent thereto), term expressing reason,

    λ. τῆς πολιτείας Pl.R. 497c

    ; ψυχῆς οὐσία τε καὶ λ. essential definition, Id.Phdr. 245e;

    ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λ. Id.R. 343a

    ; τὸν λ. τῆς οὐσίας ib. 534b, cf. Phd. 78d;

    τὰς πολλὰς ἐπιστήμας ἑνὶ λ. προσειπεῖν Id.Tht. 148d

    ;

    ὁ τῆς οἰκοδομήσεως λ. ἔχει τὸν τῆς οἰκίας Arist. PA 646b3

    ;

    τεθείη ἂν ἴδιον ὄνομα καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν λ. Id.Metaph. 1006b5

    , cf. 1035b4;

    πᾶς ὁρισμὸς λ. τίς ἐστι Id.Top. 102a5

    ; ἐπὶ τῶν σχημάτων λ. κοινός generic definition, Id.de An. 414b23; ἀκριβέστατος λ. specific definition, Id.Pol. 1276b24;

    πηγῆς λ. ἔχον Ph.2.477

    ; τὸ ᾠὸν οὔτε ἀρχῆς ἔχει λ. fulfils the function of.., Plu.2.637d; λ. τῆς μίξεως formula, i. e. ratio (cf. supr. II) of combination, Arist.PA 642a22, cf. Metaph. 993a17.
    7 reason, law exhibited in the world-process, κατὰ λόγον by law,

    κόσμῳ πάντα καὶ κατὰ λ. ἔχοντα Pl.R. 500c

    ; κατ τὸν < αὐτὸν αὖ> λ. by the same law, Epich.170.18;

    ψυχῆς τὸ πᾶν τόδε διοικούσης κατὰ λ. Plot.2.3.13

    ; esp. in Stoic Philos., the divine order,

    τὸν τοῦ παντὸς λ. ὃν ἔνιοι εἱμαρμένην καλοῦσιν Zeno Stoic.1.24

    ; τὸ ποιοῦν τὸν ἐν [τῇ ὕλῃ] λ. τὸν θεόν ibid., cf. 42;

    ὁ τοῦ κόσμου λ. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.264

    ; λόγος, = φύσει νόμος, Stoic.2.169;

    κατὰ τὸν κοινὸν θεοῖς καὶ ἀνθρώποις λ. M.Ant.7.53

    ;

    ὁ ὀρθὸς λ. διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4

    : so in Plot.,

    τὴν φύσιν εἶναι λόγον, ὃς ποιεῖ λ. ἄλλον γέννημα αὑτοῦ 3.8.2

    .
    b σπερματικὸς λ. generative principle in organisms,

    ὁ θεὸς σπ. λ. τοῦ κόσμου Zeno Stoic.1.28

    : usu. in pl., Stoic. 2.205,314,al.;

    γίνεται τὰ ἐν τῷ παντὶ οὐ κατὰ σπερματικούς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ λ. περιληπτικούς Plot.3.1.7

    , cf.4.4.39: so without

    σπερματικός, ὥσπερ τινὲς λ. τῶν μερῶν Cleanth.Stoic.1.111

    ;

    οἱ λ. τῶν ὅλων Ph.1.9

    .
    c in Neo-Platonic Philos., of regulative and formative forces, derived from the intelligible and operative in the sensible universe,

    ὄντων μειζόνων λ. καὶ θεωρούντων αὑτοὺς ἐγὼ γεγέννημαι Plot.3.8.4

    ;

    οἱ ἐν σπέρματι λ. πλάττουσι.. τὰ ζῷα οἷον μικρούς τινας κόσμους Id.4.3.10

    , cf.3.2.16,3.5.7; opp. ὅρος, Id.6.7.4;

    ἀφανεῖς λ. τῆς φύσεως Procl.

    in R.1.18 K.; τεχνικοὶ λ. ib.142 K., al.
    IV inward debate of the soul (cf.

    λ. ὃν αὐτὴ πρὸς αὑτὴν ἡ ψυχὴ διεξέρχεται Pl.Tht. 189e

     ( διάλογος in Sph. 263e); ὁ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ, ὁ ἔσω λ. (opp. ὁ ἔξω λ.), Arist.APo. 76b25, 27; ὁ ἐνδιάθετος, opp. ὁ προφορικὸς λ., Stoic.2.43, Ph.2.154),
    1 thinking, reasoning, τοῦ λ. ἐόντος ξυνοῦ, opp. ἰδία φρόνησις, Heraclit. 2; κρῖναι δὲ λόγῳ.. ἔλεγχον test by reflection, Parm.1.36; reflection, deliberation (cf. VI.3),

    ἐδίδου λόγον ἑωυτῷ περὶ τῆς ὄψιος Hdt.1.209

    , cf. 34, S.OT 583, D.45.7; μὴ εἰδέναι.. μήτε λόγῳ μήτε ἔργῳ neither by reasoning nor by experience, Anaxag.7;

    ἃ δὴ λόγῳ μὲν καὶ διανοίᾳ ληπτά, ὄψει δ' οὔ Pl.R. 529d

    , cf. Prm. 135e;

    ὁ λ. ἢ ἡ αἴσθησις Arist.EN 1149a35

    ,al.; αὐτῷ μόνον τῷ λ. πιστεύειν (opp. αἰσθήσεις), of Parmenides and his school, Aristocl. ap. Eus.PE14.17: hence λόγῳ or τῷ λ. in idea, in thought,

    τῷ λ. τέμνειν Pl.R. 525e

    ; τῷ λ. δύο ἐστίν, ἀχώριστα πεφυκότα two in idea, though indistinguishable in fact, Arist. EN 1102a30, cf. GC 320b14, al.; λόγῳ θεωρητά mentally conceived, opp. sensibly perceived, Placit.1.3.5, cf. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.20;

    τοὺς λ. θεωρητοὺς χρόνους Epicur.Ep.1p.19U.

    ; διὰ λόγου θ. χ. ib.p.10 U.;

    λόγῳ καταληπτός Phld.Po.5.20

    , etc.; ὁ λ. οὕτω αἱρέει analogy proves, Hdt.2.33; ὁ λ. or λ. αἱρέει reasoning convinces, Id.3.45,6.124, cf. Pl.Cri. 48c (but, our argument shows, Lg. 663d): also c. acc. pers., χρᾶται ὅ τι μιν λ. αἱρέει as the whim took him, Hdt.1.132; ἢν μὴ ἡμέας λ. αἱρῇ unless we see fit, Id.4.127, cf. Pl.R. 607b; later ὁ αἱρῶν λ. ordaining reason, Zeno Stoic.1.50, M.Ant.2.5, cf. 4.24, Arr.Epict. 2.2.20, etc.: coupled or contrasted with other functions, καθ' ὕπνον ἐπειδὴ λόγου καὶ φρονήσεως οὐ μετεῖχε since reason and understanding are in abeyance, Pl.Ti. 71d; μετὰ λόγου τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης, opp. αἰτία αὐτομάτη, of Nature's processes of production, Id.Sph. 265c; τὸ μὲν δὴ νοήσει μετὰ λόγου περιληπτόν embraced by thought with reflection, opp. μετ' αἰσθήσεως ἀλόγου, Id.Ti. 28a; τὸ μὲν ἀεὶ μετ' ἀληθοῦς λ., opp. τὸ δὲ ἄλογον, ib. 51e, cf. 70d, al.;

    λ. ἔχων ἑπόμενον τῷ νοεῖν Id.Phlb. 62a

    ; ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀρθὸς λ. scientific knowledge and right process of thought, Id.Phd. 73a;

    πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἐπιστήμη τῶν καθόλου Arist.Metaph. 1059b26

    ;

    τὸ λόγον ἔχον Id.EN 1102b15

    , 1138b9, al.: in sg. and pl., contrasted by Pl. and Arist. as theory, abstract reasoning with outward experience, sts. with depreciatory emphasis on the former,

    εἰς τοὺς λ. καταφυγόντα Pl.Phd. 99e

    ; τὸν ἐν λόγοις σκοπούμενον τὰ ὄντα, opp. τὸν ἐν ἔργοις (realities), ib. 100a;

    τῇ αἰσθήσει μᾶλλον τῶν λ. πιστευτέον Arist.GA 760b31

    ; γνωριμώτερα κατὰ τὸν λ., opp. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν, Id.Ph. 189a4; ἐκ τῶν λ. δῆλον, opp. ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς, Id.Mete. 378b20; ἡ τῶν λ. πίστις, opp. ἐκ τῶν ἔργων φανερόν, Id.Pol. 1326a29;

    ἡ πίστις οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λ. Id.Ph. 262a19

    ;

    μαρτυρεῖ τὰ γιγνόμενα τοῖς λ. Id.Pol. 1334a6

    ; ὁ μὲν λ. τοῦ καθόλου, ἡ δὲ αἴσθησις τοῦ κατὰ μέρος explanation, opp. perception, Id.Ph. 189a7; ἔσονται τοῖς λ. αἱ πράξεις ἀκόλουθοι theory, opp. practice, Epicur.Sent.25; in Logic, of discursive reasoning, opp. intuition, Arist.EN 1142a26, 1143b1; reasoning in general, ib. 1149a26; πᾶς λ. καὶ πᾶσα ἀπόδειξις all reasoning and demonstration, Id.Metaph. 1063b10;

    λ. καὶ φρόνησιν Phld.Mus.p.105

     K.; ὁ λ. ἢ λογισμός ibid.; τὸ ἰδεῖν οὐκέτι λ., ἀλλὰ μεῖζον λόγου καὶ πρὸ λόγου, of mystical vision, opp. reasoning, Plot.6.9.10.—Phrases, κατὰ λ. τὸν εἰκότα by probable reasoning, Pl.Ti. 30b;

    οὔκουν τόν γ' εἰκότα λ. ἂν ἔχοι Id.Lg. 647d

    ; παρὰ λόγον, opp. κατὰ λ., Arist.Rh.Al. 1429a29, cf. EN 1167b19; cf. παράλογος (but παρὰ λ. unexpectedly, E.Ba. 940).
    2 reason as a faculty, ὁ λ. ἀνθρώπους κυβερνᾷ [Epich.] 256; [

    θυμοειδὲς] τοῦ λ. κατήκοον Pl.Ti. 70a

    ; [

    θυμὸς] ὑπὸ τοῦ λ. ἀνακληθείς Id.R. 440d

    ; σύμμαχον τῷ λ. τὸν θυμόν ib. b;

    πειθαρχεῖ τῷ λ. τὸ τοῦ ἐγκρατοῦς Arist. EN 1102b26

    ; ἄλλο τι παρὰ τὸν λ. πεφυκός, ὃ μάχεται τῷ λ. ib.17;

    ἐναντίωσις λόγου πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας Plot.4.7.13(8)

    ;

    οὐ θυμός, οὐκ ἐπιθυμία, οὐδὲ λ. οὐδέ τις νόησις Id.6.9.11

    : freq. in Stoic. Philos. of human Reason, opp. φαντασία, Zeno Stoic.1.39; opp. φύσις, Stoic.2.206; οὐ σοφία οὐδὲ λ. ἐστὶν ἐν [τοῖς ζῴοις] ibid.;

    τοῖς ἀλόγοις ζῴοις ὡς λ. ἔχων λ. μὴ ἔχουσι χρῶ M.Ant.6.23

    ;

    ὁ λ. κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς θεούς Arr.Epict. 1.3.3

    ;

    οἷον [εἰκὼν] λ. ὁ ἐν προφορᾷ λόγου τοῦ ἐν ψυχῇ, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὴ λ. νοῦ Plot.5.1.3

    ; τὸ τὸν λ. σχεῖν τὴν οἰκείαν ἀρετήν (sc. εὐδαιμονίαν) Procl.in Ti.3.334 D.; also of the reason which pervades the universe, θεῖος λ. [Epich.] 257;

    τὸν θεῖον λ. καθ' Ἡράκλειτον δι' ἀναπνοῆς σπάσαντες νοεροὶ γινόμεθα S.E.M.7.129

     (cf. infr. x).
    b creative reason,

    ἀδύνατον ἦν λόγον μὴ οὐκ ἐπὶ πάντα ἐλθεῖν Plot.3.2.14

    ;

    ἀρχὴ οὖν λ. καὶ πάντα λ. καὶ τὰ γινόμενα κατ' αὐτόν Id.3.2.15

    ;

    οἱ λ. πάντες ψυχαί Id.3.2.18

    .
    V continuous statement, narrative (whether fact or fiction), oration, etc. (cf. λέγω (B) 11.2),
    1 fable, Hdt.1.141;

    Αἰσώπου λόγοι Pl.Phd. 60d

    , cf. Arist.Rh. 1393b8;

    ὁ τοῦ κυνὸς λ. X.Mem. 2.7.13

    .
    2 legend,

    ἱρὸς λ. Hdt.2.62

    , cf. 47, Pi.P.3.80 (pl.);

    συνθέντες λ. E.Ba. 297

    ;

    λ. θεῖος Pl.Phd. 85d

    ; ἱεροὶ λ., of Orphic rhapsodies, Suid. S.V. Ὀρφεύς.
    3 tale, story,

    ἄλλον ἔπειμι λ. Xenoph. 7.1

    , cf. Th.1.97, etc.;

    συνθέτους λ. A.Pr. 686

    ; σπουδὴν λόγου urgent tidings, E.Ba. 663; ἄλλος λ. 'another story', Pl.Ap. 34e; ὁμολογούμενος ὁ λ. ἐστίν the story is consistent, Isoc.3.27: pl., histories,

    ἐν τοῖσι Ἀσσυρίοισι λ. Hdt.1.184

    , cf. 106, 2.99; so in sg., a historical work, Id.2.123, 6.19,7.152: also in sg., one section of such a work (like later βίβλος), Id.2.38,6.39, cf. VI.3d; so in pl.,

    ἐν τοῖσι Λιβυκοῖσι λ. Id.2.161

    , cf. 1.75,5.22,7.93, 213;

    ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν λ. Id.5.36

    ; ὁ πρῶτος λ., of St. Luke's gospel, Act.Ap.1.1: in Pl., opp. μῦθος, as history to legend, Ti. 26e;

    ποιεῖν μύθους ἀλλ' οὐ λόγους Phd. 61b

    , cf. Grg. 523a (but μῦθον λέγειν, opp. λόγῳ ( argument)

    διεξελθεῖν Prt. 320c

    , cf. 324d);

    περὶ λόγων καὶ μύθων Arist.Pol. 1336a30

    ;

    ὁ λ... μῦθός ἐστι Ael.NA4.34

    .
    4 speech, delivered in court, assembly, etc.,

    χρήσομαι τῇ τοῦ λ. τάξει ταύτῃ Aeschin.3.57

    , cf. Arist.Rh. 1358a38;

    δικανικοὶ λ. Id.EN 1181a4

    ;

    τρία γένη τῶν λ. τῶν ῥητορικῶν, συμβουλευτικόν, δικανικόν, ἐπιδεικτικόν Id.Rh. 1358b7

    ;

    τῷ γράψαντι τὸν λ. Thphr. Char.17.8

    , cf.

    λογογράφος 11

    ; ἐπιτάφιος λ. funeral oration, Pl.Mx. 236b; esp. of the body of a speech, opp. ἐπίλογος, Arist.Rh. 1420b3; opp. προοίμιον, ib. 1415a12; body of a law, opp. proem, Pl.Lg. 723b; spoken, opp. written word,

    τὸν τοῦ εἰδότος λ. ζῶντα καὶ ἔμψυχον οὗ ὁ γεγραμμένος εἴδωλόν τι Id.Phdr. 276a

    ; ὁ ἐκ τοῦ βιβλίου ῥηθεὶς [λ.] speech read from a roll, ib. 243c; published speech, D.C.40.54; rarely of the speeches in Tragedy ([etym.] ῥήσεις), Arist.Po. 1450b6,9.
    VI verbal expression or utterance (cf. λέγω (B) 111), rarely a single word, v. infr. b, never in Gramm. signf. of vocable ([etym.] ἔπος, λέξις, ὄνομα, ῥῆμα), usu. of a phrase, cf. IX. 3 (the only sense found in [dialect] Ep.).
    a pl., without Art., talk,

    τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις Il.15.393

    ;

    αἱμύλιοι λ. Od.1.56

    , h.Merc. 317, Hes.Th. 890, Op.78, 789, Thgn.704, A.R.3.1141; ψευδεῖς Λ., personified, Hes.Th. 229;

    ἀφροδίσιοι λ. Semon.7.91

    ;

    ἀγανοῖσι λ. Pi.P. 4.101

    ; ὄψον δὲ λ. φθονεροῖσιν tales, Id.N.8.21; σμικροὶ λ. brief words, S.Aj. 1268 (s.v.l.), El. 415; δόκησις ἀγνὼς λόγων bred of talk, Id.OT 681 (lyr.): also in sg., λέγ' εἴ σοι τῷ λ. τις ἡδονή speak if thou delightest in talking, Id.El. 891.
    b sg., expression, phrase,

    πρὶν εἰπεῖν ἐσθλὸν ἢ κακὸν λ. Id.Ant. 1245

    , cf. E.Hipp. 514;

    μυρίας ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ Hdt.2.37

    ; μακρὸς λ. rigmarole, Simon.189, Arist.Metaph. 1091a8; λ. ἠρέμα λεχθεὶς διέθηκε τὸ πόρρω a whispered message, Plot.4.9.3; ἑνὶ λόγῳ to sum up, in brief phrase, Pl.Phdr. 241e, Phd. 65d; concisely, Arist. EN 1103b21 (but also, = ἁπλῶς, περὶ πάντων ἑνὶ λ. Id.GC 325a1): pl., λ. θελκτήριοι magic words, E.Hipp. 478; rarely of single words,

    λ. εὐσύνθετος οἷον τὸ χρονοτριβεῖν Arist.Rh. 1406a36

    ; οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λ. answered her not a word, Ev.Matt.15.23.
    c coupled or contrasted with words expressed or understood signifying act, fact, truth, etc., mostly in a depreciatory sense,

    λ. ἔργου σκιή Democr. 145

    ;

    ὥσπερ μικρὸν παῖδα λόγοις μ' ἀπατᾷς Thgn.254

    ; λόγῳ, opp. ἔργῳ, Democr.82, etc.;

    νηπίοισι οὐ λ. ἀλλὰ ξυμφορὴ διδάσκαλος Id.76

    ;

    ἔργῳ κοὐ λόγῳ τεκμαίρομαι A.Pr. 338

    , cf. S.El.59, OC 782;

    λόγῳ μὲν λέγουσι.. ἔργῳ δὲ οὐκ ἀποδεικνῦσι Hdt.4.8

    ;

    οὐ λόγων, φασίν, ἡ ἀγορὴ δεῖται, χαλκῶν δέ Herod.7.49

    ;

    οὔτε λ. οὔτε ἔργῳ Lys.9.14

    ; λόγοις, opp. ψήφῳ, Aeschin.2.33; opp. νόῳ, Hdt.2.100;

    οὐ λόγῳ μαθών E.Heracl.5

    ;

    ἐκ λόγων, κούφου πράγματος Pl.Lg. 935a

    ; λόγοισι εἰς τὸ πιθανὸν περιπεπεμμένα ib. 886e, cf. Luc.Anach.19;

    ἵνα μὴ λ. οἴησθε εἶναι, ἀλλ' εἰδῆτε τὴν ἀλήθειαν Lycurg.23

    , cf. D.30.34; opp. πρᾶγμα, Arist.Top. 146a4; opp. βία, Id.EN 1179b29, cf. 1180a5; opp. ὄντα, Pl.Phd. 100a; opp. γνῶσις, 2 Ep.Cor.11.6; λόγῳ in pretence, Hdt.1.205, Pl.R. 361b, 376d, Ti. 27a, al.; λόγου ἕνεκα merely as a matter of words,

    ἄλλως ἕνεκα λ. ἐλέγετο Id.Cri. 46d

    ; λόγου χάριν, opp. ὡς ἀληθῶς, Arist.Pol. 1280b8; but also, let us say, for instance, Id.EN 1144a33, Plb.10.46.4, Phld. Sign.29, M.Ant.4.32; λόγου ἕνεκα let us suppose, Pl.Tht. 191c; ἕως λόγου, μέχρι λ., = Lat. verbo tenus, Plb.10.24.7, Epict.Ench.16: sts. without depreciatory force, the antithesis or parallelism being verbal (cf. 'word and deed'),

    λόγῳ τε καὶ σθένει S.OC68

    ;

    ἔν τε ἔργῳ καὶ λ. Pl.R. 382e

    , cf. D.S.13.101, Ev.Luc.24.19, Act.Ap.7.22, Paus.2.16.2; ὅσα μὲν λόγῳ εἶπον, opp. τὰ ἔργα τῶν πραχθέντων, Th. 1.22.
    2 common talk, report, tradition,

    ὡς λ. ἐν θνητοῖσιν ἔην Batr. 8

    ;

    λ. ἐκ πατέρων Alc.71

    ;

    οὐκ ἔστ' ἔτυμος λ. οὗτος Stesich.32

    ;

    διξὸς λέγεται λ. Hdt.3.32

    ;

    λ. ὑπ' Αἰγυπτίων λεγόμενος Id.2.47

    ; νέον [λ.] tidings, S.Ant. 1289 (lyr.); τὰ μὲν αὐτοὶ ὡρῶμεν, τὰ δὲ λόγοισι ἐπυνθανόμεθα by hearsay, Hdt.2.148: also in pl., ἐν γράμμασιν λόγοι κείμενοι traditions, Pl.Lg. 886b.
    b rumour,

    ἐπὶ παντὶ λ. ἐπτοῆσθαι Heraclit. 87

    ; αὐδάεις λ. voice of rumour, B.14.44; περὶ θεῶν διῆλθεν ὁ λ. ὅτι .. Th.6.46; λ. παρεῖχεν ὡς .. Plb.3.89.3; ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λ. οὗτος εῖς τινας ὅτι .. Ev.Jo.21.23, cf. Act.Ap.11.22; fiction, Ev.Matt.28.15.
    c mention, notice, description, οὐκ ὕει λόγου ἄξιον οὐδέν worth mentioning, Hdt.4.28, cf. Plb.1.24.8, etc.; ἔργα λόγου μέζω beyond expression, Hdt.2.35; κρεῖσσον λόγου τὸ εἶδος τῆς νόσου beyond description, Th. 2.50;

    μείζω ἔργα ἢ ὡς τῷ λ. τις ἂν εἴποι D.6.11

    .
    d the talk one occasions, repute, mostly in good sense, good report, praise, honour (cf. supr. 1.4),

    πολλὰ φέρειν εἴωθε λ... πταίσματα Thgn.1221

    ;

    λ. ἐσλὸν ἀκοῦσαι Pi.I.5(4).13

    ;

    πλέονα.. λ. Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν Id.N.7.21

    ;

    ἵνα λ. σε ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀγαθός Hdt.7.5

    , cf. 9.78; Τροίαν.. ἧς ἁπανταχοῦ λ. whose fame, story fills the world, E.IT 517;

    οὐκ ἂν ἦν λ. σέθεν Id.Med. 541

    : less freq. in bad sense, evil report, λ. κακόθρους, κακός, S. Aj. 138 (anap.), E.Heracl. 165: pl., λόγους ψιθύρους πλάσσων slanders, S.Aj. 148 (anap.).
    e λ. ἐστί, ἔχει, κατέχει, the story goes, c. acc. et inf.,

    ἔστ τις λ. τὰν Ἀρετὰν ναίειν Simon.58.1

    , cf. S.El. 417; λ. μὲν ἔστ' ἀρχαῖος ὡς .. Id.Tr.1; λ. alone, E.Heracl.35;

    ὡς λ. A.Supp. 230

    , Pl. Phlb. 65c, etc.;

    λ. ἐστί Hdt.7.129

    ,9.26, al.;

    λ. αἰὲν ἔχει S.OC 1573

     (lyr.); ὅσον ὁ λ. κατέχει tradition prevails, Th.1.10: also with a personal subject in the reverse construction. Κλεισθένης λ. ἔχει τὴν Πυθίην ἀναπεῖσαι has the credit of.., Hdt.5.66, cf. Pl.Epin. 987b, 988b;

    λ. ἔχοντα σοφίας Ep.Col.2.23

    , v.supr.1.4.
    3 discussion, debate, deliberation,

    πολλὸς ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λ. Hdt.8.59

    ;

    συνελέχθησαν οἱ Μῆδοι ἐς τὠυτὸ καὶ ἐδίδοσαν σφίσι λόγον, λέγοντες περὶ τῶν κατηκόντων Id.1.97

    ;

    οἱ Πελασγοὶ ἑωυτοῖσι λόγους ἐδίδοσαν Id.6.138

    ;

    πολέμῳ μᾶλλον ἢ λόγοις τὰ ἐγκλήματα διαλύεσθαι Th.1.140

    ;

    οἱ περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης λ. Aeschin.2.74

    ; τοῖς ἔξωθεν λ. πεπλήρωκε τὸν λ. [Plato] has filled his dialogue with extraneous discussions, Arist.Pol. 1264b39;

    τὸ μῆκος τῶν λ. D.Chr.7.131

    ; μεταβαίνων ὁ λ. εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀφῖκται our debate, Arist.EN 1097a24; ὁ παρὼν λ. ib. 1104a11; θεῶν ὧν νῦν ὁ λ. ἐστί discussion, Pl.Ap. 26b, cf. Tht. 184a, M.Ant.8.32; τῷ λ. διελθεῖν, διϊέναι, Pl.Prt. 329c, Grg. 506a, etc.; τὸν λ. διεξελθεῖν conduct the debate, Id.Lg. 893a; ξυνελθεῖν ἐς λόγον confer, Ar.Eq. 1300: freq. in pl., ἐς λόγους συνελθόντες parley, Hdt. 1.82; ἐς λ. ἐλθεῖν τινι have speech with, ib.86;

    ἐς λ. ἀπικέσθαι τινί Id.2.32

    ;

    διὰ λόγων ἰέναι E.Tr. 916

    ;

    ἐμαυτῇ διὰ λ. ἀφικόμην Id.Med. 872

    ;

    ἐς λ. ἄγειν τινά X.HG4.1.2

    ;

    κοινωνεῖν λόγων καὶ διανοίας Arist.EN 1170b12

    .
    b right of discussion or speech, ἢ 'πὶ τῷ πλήθει λ.; S.OC 66; λ. αἰτήσασθαι ask leave to speak, Th.3.53;

    λ. διδόναι X.HG5.2.20

    ; οὐ προυτέθη σφίσιν λ. κατὰ τὸν νόμον ib.1.7.5;

    λόγου τυχεῖν D.18.13

    , cf. Arist.EN 1095b21, Plb.18.52.1;

    οἱ λόγου τοὺς δούλους ἀποστεροῦντες Arist.Pol. 1260b5

    ;

    δοῦλος πέφυκας, οὐ μέτεστί σοι λόγου Trag.Adesp.304

    ;

    διδόντας λ. καὶ δεχομένους ἐν τῷ μέρει Luc.Pisc.8

    : hence, time allowed for a speech,

    ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ λ. And.1.26

    ,al.;

    ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ λ. Pl.Ap. 34a

    ;

    οὐκ ἐλάττω λ. ἀνήλωκε D.18.9

    .
    c dialogue, as a form of philosophical debate,

    ἵνα μὴ μαχώμεθα ἐν τοῖς λ. ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ Pl. Cra. 430d

    ;

    πρὸς ἀλλήλους τοὺς λ. ποιεῖσθαι Id.Prt. 348a

    : hence, dialogue as a form of literature,

    οἱ Σωκρατικοὶ λ. Arist.Po. 1447b11

    , Rh. 1417a20; cf. διάλογος.
    d section, division of a dialogue or treatise (cf. v. 3),

    ὁ πρῶτος λ. Pl.Prm. 127d

    ; ὁ πρόσθεν, ὁ παρελθὼν λ., Id.Phlb. 18e, 19b;

    ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις λ. Arist.PA 682a3

    ; ἐν τοῖς περὶ κινήσεως λ. in the discussion of motion (i. e. Ph.bk.8), Id.GC 318a4;

    ἐν τῷ περὶ ἐπαίνου λ. Phld.Rh.1.219

    ; branch, department, division of a system of philosophy,

    τὴν φρόνησιν ἐκ τριῶν συνεστηκέναι λ., τῶν φυσικῶν καὶ τῶν ἠθικῶν καὶ τῶν λογικῶν Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258

    .
    e in pl., literature, letters, Pl.Ax. 365b, Epin. 975d, D.H.Comp.1,21 (but, also in pl., treatises, Plu.2.16c);

    οἱ ἐπὶ λόγοις εὐδοκιμώτατοι Hdn.6.1.4

    ; Λόγοι, personified, AP9.171 (Pall.).
    VII a particular utterance, saying:
    1 divine utterance, oracle, Pi.P.4.59;

    λ. μαντικοί Pl. Phdr. 275b

    ;

    οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν ἐρῶ τὸν λ. Pl.Ap. 20e

    ;

    ὁ λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Apoc.1.2

    ,9.
    2 proverb, maxim, saying, Pi.N.9.6, A.Th. 218; ὧδ' ἔχει λ. ib. 225; τόνδ' ἐκαίνισεν λ. ὡς .. Critias 21, cf. Pl.R. 330a, Ev.Jo.4.37;

    ὁ παλαιὸς λ. Pl.Phdr. 240c

    , cf. Smp. 195b, Grg. 499c, Lg. 757a, 1 Ep.Ti.1.15, Plu.2.1082e, Luc.Alex.9, etc.;

    τὸ τοῦ λόγου δὴ τοῦτο Herod.2.45

    , cf. D.Chr.66.24, Luc.JTr.3, Alciphr.3.56, etc.: pl., Arist.EN 1147a21.
    3 assertion, opp. oath, S.OC 651; ψιλῷ λ. bare word, opp. μαρτυρία, D.27.54.
    4 express resolution, κοινῷ λ. by common consent, Hdt.1.141,al.; ἐπὶ λ. τοιῷδε, ἐπ' ᾧ τε .. on the following terms, Id.7.158, cf. 9.26;

    ἐνδέξασθαι τὸν λ. Id.1.60

    , cf. 9.5; λ. ἔχοντες πλεονέκτην a greedy proposal, Id.7.158: freq. in pl., terms, conditions, Id.9.33, etc.
    5 word of command, behest, A.Pr.17,40 (both pl.), Pers. 363;

    ἀνθρώπους πιθανωτέρους ποιεῖν λόγῳ X.Oec.13.9

    ;

    ἐξέβαλε τὰ πνεύματα λόγῳ Ev.Matt.8.16

    ; οἱ δέκα λ. the ten Commandments, LXX Ex.34.28, Ph.1.496.
    VIII thing spoken of, subject-matter (cf. 111.1 b and 2),

    λ. τοῦτον ἐάσομεν Thgn.1055

    ; προπεπυσμένος πάντα λ. the whole matter, Hdt.1.21, cf. 111; τὸν ἐόντα λ. the truth of the matter, ib.95, 116; μετασχεῖν τοῦ λ. to be in the secret, ib. 127;

    μηδενὶ ἄλλῳ τὸν λ. τοῦτον εῐπῃς Id.8.65

    ; τίς ἦν λ.; S.OT 684 ( = πρᾶγμα, 699); περί τινος λ. διελεγόμεθα subject, question, Pl.Prt. 314c; [τὸ προοίμιον] δεῖγμα τοῦ λ. case, Arist.Rh. 1415a12, cf. 111.1b; τέλος δὲ παντὸς τοῦ λ. ψηφίζονται the end of the matter was that.., Aeschin.3.124;

    οὐκ ἔστεξε τὸν λ. Plb.8.12.5

    ;

    οὐκ ἔστι σοι μερὶς οὐδὲ κλῆρος ἐν τῷ λ. τούτῳ Act.Ap.8.21

    ;

    ἱκανὸς αὐτῷ ὁ λ. Pl.Grg. 512c

    ; οὐχ ὑπολείπει [Γοργίαν] ὁ λ. matter for talk, Arist.Rh. 1418a35;

    μηδένα λ. ὑπολιπεῖν Isoc.4.146

    ; πρὸς λόγον to the point, apposite,

    οὐδὲν πρὸς λ. Pl.Phlb. 42e

    , cf. Prt. 344a;

    ἐὰν πρὸς λ. τι ᾖ Id.Phlb. 33c

    ; also

    πρὸς λόγου Id.Grg. 459c

     (s. v.l.).
    2 plot of a narrative or dramatic poem, = μῦθος, Arist.Po. 1455b17, al.
    b in Art, subject of a painting,

    ζωγραφίας λόγοι Philostr.VA 6.10

    ;

    λ. τῆς γραφῆς Id.Im.1.25

    .
    3 thing talked of, event,

    μετὰ τοὺς λ. τούτους LXX 1 Ma.7.33

    , cf. Act.Ap.15.6.
    IX expression, utterance, speech regarded formally, τὸ ἀπὸ [ψυχῆς] ῥεῦμα διὰ τοῦ στόματος ἰὸν μετὰ φθόγγου λ., opp. διάνοια, Pl.Sph. 263e; intelligent utterance, opp. φωνή, Arist.Pol. 1253a14;

    λ. ἐστὶ φωνὴ σημαντικὴ κατὰ συνθήκην Id.Int. 16b26

    , cf. Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213; ὅθεν (from the heart)

    ὁ λ. ἀναπέμπεται Stoic.2.228

    , cf. 244; Protagoras was nicknamed λόγος, Hsch. ap. Sch.Pl.R. 600c, Suid.;

    λόγου πειθοῖ Democr.181

    : in pl., eloquence, Isoc.3.3,9.11;

    τὴν ἐν λόγοις εὐρυθμίαν Epicur.Sent.Pal.5p.69

     v. d. M.; λ. ἀκριβής precise language, Ar.Nu. 130 (pl.), cf. Arist.Rh. 1418b1;

    τοῦ μὴ ᾀδομένου λ. Pl.R. 398d

    ; ἡδυσμένος λ., of rhythmical language set to music, Arist.Po. 1449b25; ἐν παντὶ λ. in all manner of utterance, 1 Ep.Cor.1.5; ἐν λόγοις in orations, Arist.Po. 1459a13; λ. γελοῖοι, ἀσχήμονες, ludicrous, improper speech, Id.SE 182b15, Pol. 1336b14.
    2 of various modes of expression, esp. artistic and literary,

    ἔν τε ᾠδαῖς καὶ μύθοις καὶ λόγοις Pl.Lg. 664a

    ;

    ἐν λόγῳ καὶ ἐν ᾠδαῖς X.Cyr.1.4.25

    , cf. Pl.Lg. 835b; prose, opp. ποίησις, Id.R. 390a; opp. ψιλομετρία, Arist.Po. 1448a11; opp. ἔμμετρα, ib. 1450b15 (pl.); τῷ λ. τοῦτο τῶν μέτρων (sc. τὸ ἰαμβεῖον)

    ὁμοιότατον εἶναι Id.Rh. 1404a31

    ; in full, ψιλοὶ λ. prose, ib. b33 (but ψιλοὶ λ., = arguments without diagrams, Pl.Tht. 165a); λ. πεζοί, opp. ποιητική, D.H.Comp.6; opp. ποιήματα, ib.15;

    κοινὰ καὶ ποιημάτων καὶ λόγων Phld.Po.5.7

    ; πεζὸς λ. ib.27, al.
    b of the constituents of lyric or dramatic poetry, words,

    τὸ μέλος ἐκ τριῶν.. λόγου τε καὶ ἁρμονίας καὶ ῥυθμοῦ Pl.R. 398d

    ; opp. πρᾶξις, Arist.Po. 1454a18; dramatic dialogue, opp. τὰ τοῦ χοροῦ, ib. 1449a17.
    3 Gramm., phrase, complex term, opp. ὄνομα, Id.SE 165a13; λ. ὀνοματώδης noun- phrase, Id.APo. 93b30, cf. Rh. 1407b27; expression, D.H.Th.2, Demetr.Eloc.92.
    b sentence, complete statement, "

    ἄνθρωπος μανθάνει λόγον εἶναί φῃς.. ἐλάχιστόν τε καὶ πρῶτον Pl.Sph. 262c

    ;

    λ. αὐτοτελής A.D.Synt.3.6

    , D.T.634.1; ῥηθῆναι λόγῳ to be expressed in a sentence, Pl.Tht. 202b; λ. ἔχειν to be capable of being so expressed, ib. 201e, cf. Arist.Rh. 1404b26.
    c language, τὰ τοῦ λ. μέρη parts of speech, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.31, S.E.M.9.350, etc.;

    τὰ μόρια τοῦ λ. D.H.Comp.6

    ;

    μέρος λ. D.T.633.26

    , A.D.Pron.4.6, al. (but ἓν μέρος <τοῦ cod.> λόγου one word, Id.Synt.340.10, cf. 334.22); περὶ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ λ., title of work by Chrysippus.
    X the Word or Wisdom of God, personified as his agent in creation and world-government,

    ὁ παντοδύναμός σου λ. LXX Wi.18.15

    ;

    ὁ ἐκ νοὸς φωτεινὸς λ. υἱὸς θεοῦ Corp.Herm.1.6

    , cf. Plu.2.376c; λ. θεοῦ δι' οὗ κατεσκευάσθη [ὁ κόσμος] Ph.1.162; τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ σοφίας· ἡ δέ ἐστιν ὁ θεοῦ λ. ib.56; λ. θεῖος.. εἰκὼν θεοῦ ib. 561, cf. 501; τὸν τομέα τῶν συμπάντων [θεοῦ] λ. ib. 492; τὸν ἄγγελον ὅς ἐστι λ. ib. 122: in NT identified with the person of Christ,

    ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. Ev.Jo.1.1

    , cf. 14, 1 Ep.Jo.2.7, Apoc.19.13;

    ὁ λ. τῆς ζωῆς 1 Ep.Jo.1.1

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λόγος

  • 97 bolzìna

    bolzìna Grammatical information: f. ā
    Page in Trubačev: II 183-184
    Serbo-Croatian:
    blàzina `pillow, bolster' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    blazína `roof-beam, cross-beam, pillow, mattress, bolster' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bolźeiʔnaʔ; bolźeiʔnos
    Lithuanian:
    balžíenas `cross-beam (harrow,waggon, sledge)' [m o] 1/3;
    balžíena `cross-beam (harrow,waggon, sledge)' [f ā] 1/3
    Latvian:
    bàlziêns `cross-beam (sledge, plough)' [m o]
    Old Prussian:
    balsinis `cushion';
    pobalso `bolster'
    Indo-European reconstruction: bʰolǵʰ-
    Comments: It seems plausible that we are dealing with two, formally indistinguishable roots (cf. IEW: 122-123, 125-126). The meaning `pillow, bolster' belongs to the same root that underlies Lith. bal̃nas, OHG balg etc. Stang (1972, 14) attempts to separate `beam' from `pillow, bellows' on formal grounds (*ǵ vs. ǵʰ, respectively), but this does not seem to work, as the Balto-Slavic forms that would *ǵ do not show the effects of Winter's law. It is more likely that the Germanic forms with *k contain * k(k) < *ǵʰ-n- (Kluge's law).
    Other cognates:
    OIc. bjalki `beam'
    ;
    OHG balko `beam'
    ;
    OE balca `beam'
    \{1\}

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > bolzìna

  • 98 ζυγόν

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `yoke' (Il.), also metaph., e. g. of a cross-wood, of the rowing benches connecting the two ship sides, of the tongue of a balance, of a pair, of a row or a rank of soldiers (oppos. στοῖχος), as land measure.
    Other forms: Hell. mostly - ός m., rarely earlier, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37.)
    Compounds: Often in compp., e. g. πολύ-ζυγος `with many rowing benches', ζυγό-δεσμον `yoke-straps' (Il.), also ζυγη-φόρος `carrying a yoke' (A., analog.-metr. beside ζυγο-φόρος; Schwyzer 439 n. 1).
    Derivatives: Seberal deriv.: 1. ζύγιον `rowing bench' (hell.). 2. ζυγίσκον meaning unclear (IG 22, 1549, 9, Eleusis, + 300a). 3. ζύγαινα the hammer-headed shark (Epich., Arist.; after the shape of the skull, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. ζυγίς `thyme' (Dsc.; motivation of the name unknown, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. ζούγωνερ (= *ζύγωνες) βόες ἐργάται. Λάκωνες H. 6. ζυγίτης name of a rower (sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 44), f. ζυγῖτις Hera as goddess of marriage (Nicom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. ζυγία `maple' (Thphr.) prop. "yoke-wood" (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), because the hard maple was mainly used to make yokes (so even now in southern Italy), Rohlfs WB VI and 86; also Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 57, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 1f.; diff. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56 (after the pairwise attached fruits). 8. ζύγαστρον `wooden cist, chest' s.v. σίγιστρον - Adject. 9. ζύγιος `belonging to the yoke etc.' (Att. etc.; also as nautical expression, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. ζύγιμος `id.' (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94). 11. ζυγικός `belonging to the tongue of a balance' (Nicom. Harm.). Adv. ζυγ-άδην (Ph.), ζυγ-ηδόν (Hld.) `pairwise'. - Denomin. verbs: 1. ζυγόω `yoke, connect (through a cross-wood), shut, hold the balance' (A., hell.) with ζύγωμα `bar, cross-rod' (Plb.), ζύγωσις `balancing' (hell.), *ζύγωθρον in the denomin. aor. ipv. ζυγώθρισον (Ar. Nu. 745; meaning uncertain, `weigh' or `shut'?). 2. ζυγέω `form a row or rank' (Plb.). - Beside ζυγόν as 2. member the verbal root - ζυξ, e. g. ἄ-ζυξ `unconnected, unmarried', ὁμό-, σύ-ζυξ `yoked together, connected' (also ἄ-, ὁμό-, σύ-ζυγος), s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [508} * ieug- `connect'
    Etymology: Old name of a device, retained in most IE languages, e. g. Hitt. iugan, Skt. yugám, Lat. iugum, Germ., e. g. Goth. juk, IE *i̯ugóm; more forms Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. iugum. - The root noun - ζυξ also in Lat. con-iux `spouse', Skt. a-yúj- `not forming a pair, uneven' (formally = ἄ-ζυξ except the accent), sa-yúj- `connected, companion' a. o. - Cf. ζεύγνυμι and ζεῦγος. Rix, Hist. Gramm. 60, 70 suggests Hi̯-, which is still uncertain.
    Page in Frisk: 1,615-616

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζυγόν

  • 99 ἱμάς-

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `leathern strap, for drawing, lashing etc., thong of a sandal, of a door etc.', as building term `beam' (Il.; Delebecque Cheval 63, 187f.).
    Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἱμαντ-ελίκται pl. "pricker of tapes-", name of the sophists in Democr. 150, ἱμαντελιγμός name of a game (Poll. 9, 118), compounds of ἱμάντας ἑλίσσειν, cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 244 w. n. 1.
    Derivatives: Diminut. ἱμάντιον (Hp.), ἱμαντ-άριον (Delos IIa a. o.), - ίδιον (EM), - ίσκος (Herod.); adj. ἱμάντινος `of ropes' (Hdt., Hp.), ἱμαντώδης `rope-like' (Pl., Dsc., Gal.); denomin. verbs: 1. ἱμάσσω, aor. ἱμάσαι a) `lash' (Il.) with ἱμάσθλη `lash, whip' (Il.); also μάσθλης (through cross with μάστιξ?, cf. on μαίο-μαι; diff. on ἱμάσσω, ἱμάσθλη Schwyzer 533, 725 n. 3, Belardi Maia 2, 274ff.); b) `provide with ἱμάντες, i. e. beams' only in ἱμασσια `beams?' (IG 4, 823, 26, Troizen IVa; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 149 w. n. 1, Bechtel Dial. 2, 510, Scheller Oxytonierung 113 n. 1). 2. ἱμάσκω `wallop' (`fetter'?; Del.3 409, 7; cf. Brugmann IF 29, 214). 3. ἱμαντόω `provide with ἱμάντες, i. e. bed-clothes' in ἱμαντωμένην κλίνην (H. s. πυξ\< ίνην\>; from there ἱμάντωσις (LXX, Poll.), ἱμάντωμα H. - Besides, independent of ἱμάς, but cognate with it: 1. ἱμαῖος (sc. ᾠδή), ἱμαῖον ( μέλος, ᾳ῏σμα) `song at water scooping' (Call., Tryphon, Suid.) with ἱμαοιδός (haplolog. for ἱμαιο-αοιδός) `who sings an ἱμαῖον' (Poll., H.); 2. ἱμάω `bring (water) up with a ropel (from a well)', also metaph. (Arist., Ath.), usually ἀν-, καθ-ιμάω (Ar., X.) with ἱμητήρ ( κάδος, Delos IIa), ἱμητήριος (H. s. ἱβανατρίς), ἀν-, καθ-ίμησις (Plu.); 3. ἱμονιά `well-rope' (Com., Ph., Luc. a. o.; Scheller Oxytonierung 75f.); 4. ἱμανήθρη `id.' s. v.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [891] * seh₁-i- `bind, tie'
    Etymology: As secondary formation in - ντ- (Schwyzer 526, esp. Kretschmer Glotta 14, 99f.) ἱμάς supposes a noun, that is found also in ἱμάω, ἱμαῖος, so e.g. *ἱμᾱ `rope' ( ἱμαῖος from ἱμάω like δαμαῖος from δαμάζω?; cf. Chantr. Form. 48f.); beside it we find in ἱμον-ιά (as in καθ-, κατ-ιμονεύει καθίησι, καθιεῖ H., if not free formed to ἱμονιά) an ν-stem, prob. *ἱμων; thus ἱμανήθρη through *ἱμανάω, perh. *ἱμαίνω goes back on *ἱμάνη (cf. πλεκτάνη, ἀρτάνη; this seems quite doubtful, however), or *ἷμα; cf. e. g. γνώμη: γνῶμα: γνώμων. Note the changing quantity of the anlauting vowel: against length in ἱμονιά, ἱμανήθρη, καθ-ιμάω stands a short in ἱμαῖος, mostly also in ἱμάς (except Φ 544, Κ 475 a. o., cf. Schulze Q. 181, 466 n. 1) with compp. and derivv. The change cannot go back on old ablaut (as Frisl says), but it will continue * sh₁i-, which with metathesis (to * sih₁m-) gives a long, without a short vowel; see Schrijver, Laryngals in Latin 519ff, who supposes that a stressed form resulted in the long vowel. With *ἱ̄μων agrees exactly a Germ. word for `rope', e. g. OWNo. sīmi, OS sīmo m.; with deviant meaning Skt. sīmán- m. f. `skull, boundary', IE * sī-mon-, sī-men- (note that for Germ. also * seh₁i-m- is possible); formally identical are *ἱμᾱ and Skt. sīmā f. `boundary'; an m-suffix also in Irish sim `chain'. The primary verb `bind' is still seen in Indo-Iranian, Baltic and Hittite, e. g. Skt. sy-ati, si-nā́-ti, Ptz. sĭ-ta-, Lith. sienù, siẽti, Hitt. išh̯ii̯a-, 3. sg. išh̯āi. The nominal derivv. are very numerous, a. o. OHG NHG seil (uncertain hypotheses in Specht Ursprung 227). More forms Pok. 891f. - (The group ἰβάνη, ἴβανος etc. (s. v. and s. εἴβω) is rather Pre-Greek (Kuiper Μνήμης χάριν 1, 212f.).
    Page in Frisk: 1,724-725

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἱμάς-

  • 100 λέχεται

    λέχεται κοιμᾶται H.
    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `lie down, fall asleep'.
    Other forms: perf. ptc. λελο[γ]χυῖα λεχὼ γενομένη H. (also Antim. in PMilan. 17 II 10), καλέχες κατάκεισο. Πάφιοι H. (Schwyzer-Debrunner 473 n. 5), with ep. aorist- and future forms: λέκτο, λέξο, - λέχθαι, - λέγμενος (\< *λεχσ-το, - σο, - σθαι, - μενος? Schwyzer 751; after Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 296 rather athem. present), λέξασθαι, λέξομαι, also with παρα-, κατα-, προσ-, `lie, lie down'; act. aor. λέξον, ἔλεξα (Il.)
    Derivatives: 1. λέχος n. `lair, bed', esp. `nuptial bed', also `death-bed' (Il.; after ἕδος? Porzig Satzinhalte 263); as 1. member in λεχε-ποίης `having grass as bed' (Il.; Bechtel Lex. s. v.; on the 2. member Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 141), as 2. member e. g. ὀρει-λεχής `having his lair in the mountains' (Emp.); with λεχαῖος `belonging to the lair' (A. Th. 292 [conj.], A. R.), λεχήρης `bed-ridden' (E. in lyr.), λεχώ f. `one who has just given birth' (E., Ar., Cyrene), also λεκχώ (Delphi; expressive gemination, Schwyzer 478 n. 3 and Fraenkel Glotta 32, 18), with λεχώϊος `belonging to...', λεχωϊς = λεχώ (- ίς lengthening, Schwyzer 465; A. R., Call.). - 2. λόχος m. `child-birth', usu. `ambush, band (in ambush)', milit. `armed band' (Il.), often as 2. member, e. g. ἄ-λοχος f. `lairfellow, spouse' (Il.; Clark ClassPhil. 35, 188ff.), as 1. member e. g. in λοχ-ᾱγός `leader of a λόχος' (Dor.; S., Th., X.; Chantraine Études 90). Several derivv: λόχιος `belonging to birth' (E., Ar.), ἡ Λοχία surn. of Artemis (E., inscr.), τὰ λόχια `discharge after child-birth' (Hp., Arist.); λοχεῖος (E. in lyr., Plu.), λοχαῖος (Arat., AP) `id.'; λοχίτης m. `belonging to one and the same λ., war-fellow' (A., S., X.; Redard 42); λοχώ (- ώς, - ός) = λεχώ (LXX, Dsc.). Transformation λοχεός `ambuch' (Hes. Th. 178; after φωλεός a. o.); λοχή = λόχμη (late epigr.). Denomin. verbs: a. λοχάω, - ομαι `lie in ambush' (ep. ion., hell.; after κοιμάω, - ομαι Risch ̨ 112b; s. also Leumann Hom. Wörter 185 ff. [and Risch Gnomon 23, 370]; hardly iterative-intensive to λέχεται with Schwyzer 718); with λόχησις, - ητικός (late). b. λοχεύω, - ομαι `give birth, deliver', pass. `be delivered, be born' (h. Merc., Trag. etc.) with λόχευμα ` birth, the born' (A., E.), λοχεία `giving birth, birth' (Pl., E.), λοχεύτρια f. `who has just given birth' (sch.). c. λοχίζω `lie in ambush, distribute men in companies' (Hdt., Th.) with λοχισμός `putting ambushes' (Plu.). - 3. λέκτρον, often pl. -α `lair, (nuptial)bed' (Il.); compp. e. g. κοινό-λεκτρος `having a common lair, uptial, bedfellow' (A.); λεκτρίτῃ θρόνῳ ἀνάκλισιν ἔχοντι H.; cf. Redard 113. - 4. λόχμη f. `lair of wild beasts, copse, bush' (τ 439, Arist. ; after κώμη?, Porzig Satzinhalte 289; cf. also *κοίμη in κοιμάω) with λοχμαῖος `living in the bush' (Ar. in lyr.), - ιος `id.' (A P), - ώδης `grown with bush etc.' (Th., Thphr.), λοχμάζω `form a copse' (Pisand. Ep.). - On the whole word group, which in Ionic -Attic was very limited and specialized (instead κεῖμαι, ( κατα)-κλίνομαι), s. also Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 153f.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [658] * legʰ- lie'
    Etymology: With the primary thematic present λέχεται agrees exactly Goth. ligan `lie', which (like sitan `sit') is suspected as innovation for the further in Germ. dominating and also in Slavic (OCS ležǫ) found yotpresent (Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 3, 190 a. 192); after Specht KZ 62, 45 f. the verb was originally limited to the aorist. A primary present, orig. prob. also yotpresent, is also found in Celtic, MIr. laigid `lies down' (with a from e as in saidid `sits'; Thurneysen KZ 59, 9 f.). Italic too has once known this verb, as appears from Falisc. lecet `iacet' (formation?), s. Porzig Indogermanica 176. - Also to the Greek verbal nouns the other languages give many comparable forms: OWNo. lag n. `Lage, position', pl. lǫg `law', Russ. lóg `valley, cleft', Scr. lŏg `lying', Pol. od-ɫog `fallow field' (\> Lith. at-lagaĩ `id.'; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 311f.), Alb. lagje `band, group', all from IE * logho- (formally = λόχος); OCS lože ' κλίνη, κοίτη'; OHG lehtar `uterus' = λέκτρον; in Slav., e. g. OCS ložes-no, pl. -na ' μήτρα, uterus' prob. the s-stem in λέχος. With ἄ-λοχος cf. Serb.-Csl. su-logъ ' σύγ-κοιτος, spouse' (Russ.-Csl. su-ložь). Toch. B leke, A lake `lair'. - More forms in WP. 2, 424f., Pok. 658f., W.-Hofmann s. lectus, Ernout-Meillet s. lectus, Vasmer Wb. s. ležátь, lóže, ljágu.
    Page in Frisk: 2,110-112

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέχεται

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