meo+animo

stătŭo, ui, utum, 3, v. a. [statum, sup. of sto], to cause to stand (cf.: colloco, pono).

Corporeally.

To cause to stand, set up, set, station, fix in an upright position.

To set up, set in the ground, erect:

ibi arbores pedicino in lapide statuito,

Cato, R. R. 18:

inter parietes arbores ubi statues,

id. ib.:

stipites statuito,

id. ib.:

palis statutis crebris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14 init.:

pedamenta jacentia statuenda,

are to be raised, Col. 4, 26:

pedamentum inter duas vitis,

Plin. 17, 22, 21, § 194:

hic statui volo primum aquilam,

the standard of the troops, Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 7:

signifer, statue signum,

plant the ensign, Liv. 5, 55, 1; Val. Max. 1, 5, 1.—

To plant (rare):

eodem modo vineam statuito, alligato, flexatoque uti fuerit,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 198:

agro qui statuit meo Te, triste lignum (i. e. arborem),

Hor. C. 2, 13, 10.—

In gen., to place, set or fix, set up, set forth things or persons.

Without specifying the place:

ollam statuito cum aqua,

let a jar stand with water, Cato, R. R. 156 (157):

crateras magnos statuunt, i. e. on the table,

Verg. A. 1, 724; so,

crateras laeti statuunt,

id. ib. 7, 147: haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est, well placed, i. e. so that the hull stands perpendicularly (cf.:

bene lineatam carinam collocavit, v. 42),

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44:

nec quidquam explicare, nec statuere potuerant, nec quod statutum esset, manebat, omnia perscindente vento,

Liv. 21, 58, 7:

eo die tabernacula statui passus non est,

to pitch, Caes. B. C. 1, 81; so, aciem statuere, to draw up an army:

aciem quam arte statuerat, latius porrigit,

Sall. J. 52, 6.—

With designation of the place by in and abl.; by adv. of place; by ante, apud, ad, circa, super, and acc.; by pro and abl.; by abl. alone (very rare), or by in and acc. (very rare): signa domi pro supellectile statuere, Cato ap. Prisc. 7, 19, 95 (p. 782 P.):

statuite hic lectulos,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 7:

etiamsi in caelo Capitolium statueretur,

Cic. Or. 3, 46, 180:

statuitur Sollius in illo gladiatorum convivio... atuitur, ut dico, eques Romanus in Apronii convivio,

is taken to the banquet, id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 sq.:

tabernacula in foro statuere,

Liv. 39, 46, 3:

in principiis statuit tabernaculum,

Nep. Eum. 7, 1:

in nostris castris tibi tabernaculum statue,

Curt. 5, 11, 6; 8, 13, 20:

statui in medium undique conspicuum tabernaculum jussit,

id. 9, 6, 1:

(sagittae) longae, nisi prius in terra statuerent arcum, haud satis apte imponuntur,

id. 8, 14, 19:

sedes curules sacerdotum Augustalium locis, superque eas querceae coronae statuerentur,

Tac. A. 2, 83:

donum deae apud Antium statuitur,

id. ib. 3, 71:

pro rigidis calamos columnis,

Ov. F. 3, 529:

jamque ratem Scythicis auster statuisset in oris,

Val. Fl. 3, 653:

statuere vas in loco frigido,

Pall. Oct. 22.—Of living beings:

capite in terram statuerem, Ut cerebro dispergat viam,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 18:

qui capite ipse sua in statuit vestigia sese (= qui sese ipse capite in sua vestigia statuit),

i. e. stands on his head, Lucr. 4, 472:

patrem ejus a mortuis excitasses, statuisses ante oculos,

Cic. Or. 1, 57, 245:

captivos vinctos in medio statuit,

Liv. 21, 42, 1:

ubi primum equus Curtium in vado statuit,

id. 1, 13, 5:

quattuor cohortes in fronte statuit,

id. 28, 33, 12:

ante se statuit funditores,

id. 42, 58, 10:

puerum ad canendum ante tibicinem cum statuisset,

id. 7, 2, 9:

procul in conspectu eum (Philopoemenem) statuerunt,

id. 39, 49, 11:

media porta robora legionum, duabus circa portis milites levemque armaturam statuit,

id. 23, 16, 8:

bovem ad fanum Dianae et ante aram statuit,

id. 1, 45, 6:

cum Calchanta circa aram statuisset,

Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 6:

marium si qui eo loci statuisset,

id. 3, 1, 2 fin.:

adulescentes ante Caesarem statuunt,

Tac. A. 4, 8:

in fronte statuerat ferratos, in cornibus cohortes,

id. ib. 3, 45:

puer quis Ad cyathum statuetur?

Hor. C. 1, 29, 8:

tu cum pro vitula statuis dulcem Aulide natam Ante aras,

id. S. 2, 3, 199:

et statuam ante aras aurata fronte juvencum,

Verg. A. 9, 627:

clara regione profundi Aetheros innumeri statuerunt agmina cygni,

Stat. Th. 3, 525.—

Pregn., to construct and place, to set up after constructing, to erect, make.

Of statues, temples, columns, altars, trophies, etc.; constr. with acc. alone, or acc. of the structure and dat. of the person for whom or in whose honor it is erected:

siquidem mihi aram et statuam statuis,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 122:

huic statuam statui decet ex auro,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 1:

ne ego aurea pro statua vineam tibi statuam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 52:

eique statuam equestrem in rostris statui placere,

Cic. Phil. 5, 15, 41; so id. ib. 9, 5, 10; 9, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 62, § 151; 2, 2, 20, § 48; so,

simulacrum alicui statuere,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:

effigiem,

Verg. A. 2, 184:

Mancinus eo habitu sibi statuit quo, etc. (effigiem),

Plin. 34, 5, 10, § 18:

simulacrum in curia,

Tac. A. 14, 12:

quanam in civitate tempium statueretur,

id. ib. 4, 55:

se primos templum urbis Romae statuisse,

id. ib. 4, 56; so id. ib. 4, 15:

nec tibi de Pario statuam, Germanice, templum,

Ov. P. 4, 8, 31:

templa tibi statuam, tribuam tibi turis honorem,

id. M. 14, 128:

super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui nisi columellam,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

victimas atque aras diis Manibus statuentes,

Tac. A. 3, 2:

statuitque aras e cespite,

Ov. M. 7, 240:

statuantur arae,

Sen. Med. 579:

aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69:

monumentum,

id. ib. § 70; so,

in alio orbe tropaea statuere,

Curt. 7, 7, 14;

so,

Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 18: ut illum di perdant qui primus statuit hic solarium, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Gell. 3, 3, 5:

princeps Romanis solarium horologium statuisse L. Papirius Cursor proditur,

Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 213:

a miliario in capite Romani fori statuto,

id. 3, 5, 9, § 66:

carceres eo anno in Circo primum statuti,

Liv. 8, 20, 1:

quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere?

Verg. A. 2, 150:

multo altiorem statui crucem jussit,

Suet. Galb. 9:

obeliscam,

Plin. 36, 9, 14, § 71:

at nunc disturba quas statuisti machinas,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 137:

incensis operibus quae statuerat,

Nep. Milt. 7, 4:

si vallum statuitur procul urbis illecebris,

Tac. A. 4, 2:

castra in quinto lapide a Carthagine statuit,

Just. 22, 6, 9.—

Poet. and in post-class. prose (rare):

aliquem statuere = alicui statuam statuere: inter et Aegidas media statuaris in urbe,

Ov. H. 2, 67:

statuarque tumulo hilaris et coronatus,

my statue will be erected, Tac. Dial. 13; so with two acc.: custodem medio statuit quam vilicus horto, whose statue he placed as protectress, etc., Mart. 3, 68, 9; cf.

in double sense: nudam te statuet, i. e. nudam faciet (= nudabit fortunis), and statuam tibi nu dam faciet,

Mart. 4, 28, 8.—

Of cities, etc., to establish, found, build (in class. prose usu. condo):

Agamemnon tres ibi urbes statuit,

Vell. 1, 1, 2:

urbem quam statuo vestra est,

Verg. A. 1, 573:

urbom praeclaram,

id. ib. 4, 655:

Persarum statuit Babylona Semiramis urbem,

Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 21:

ibi civitatem statuerunt,

Just. 23, 1; so,

licentia et impunitas asyla statuendi (= aperiendi),

Tac. A. 3, 60.—Hence, transf.: carmen statuere = carmen condere, to compose, devise a song:

nunc volucrum... inexpertum carmen, quod tacita statuere bruma,

Stat. S. 4, 5, 12.—

To cause to stand still, to stop (rare; cf.

sisto, III. B.): navem extemplo statuimus,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 57:

et statuit fessos, fessus et ipse, boves,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 4:

famuli hoc modo statuerunt aquas,

Arn. 1, p. 30: sanguinem, Oct. Hor. 4.—

To cause to stand firm, strengthen, support (rare; = stabilire), only transf.: qui rem publicam certo animo adjuverit, statuerit, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 56, 120 (Trag. Rel. v. 357 Rib.).

Trop.

To establish, constitute (= constituo).

Esp.: exemplum or documentum (v. edo fin., and cf. Sen. Phoen. 320), to set forth an example or precedent for warning or imitation:

statuite exemplum impudenti, date pudori praemium,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 6:

exemplum statuite in me ut adulescentuli Vobis placere studeant potius quam sibi,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 51; Auct. Her. 4, 35, 47:

ut illi intellegere possint, in quo homine statueris exemplum hujus modi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 45, § 111:

in quos aliquid exempli populus Romanus statui putat oportere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 90, §

210: statuam in te exemplum, ne quis posthac infelicibus miseriis patriae illudat,

Just. 8, 7, 14:

documentum autem statui oportere, si quis resipiscat et antiquam societatem respiciat,

Liv. 24, 45, 5: statueretur immo [p. 1753] documentum, quo uxorem imperator acciperet, a precedent, Tac. A. 12, 6.—

Jus statuere, to establish a principle or relation of law:

ut (majores nostri) omnia omnium rerum jura statuerint,

Cic. Caecin. 12, 34: qui magistratum potestatemve habebit, si quid in aliquem novi juris statuerit, ipse quoque, adversario postulante, eodem jure uti debebit, if he has established any new principle of law, Edict. Praet. in Dig. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

si quid injungere inferiori velis, id prius in te ac tuos si ipse juris statueris, facilius omnes oboedientes habeas,

if you first admit it against yourself, Liv. 26, 36, 3:

si dicemus in omnibus aequabile jus statui convenire,

equal principles of law should be applied to all, Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4. —

In gen., to establish by authority (of relations, institutions, rights, duties, etc.):

(Numa) omnis partis religionis statuit sanctissime,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

hoc judicium sic exspectatur ut non unae rei statui, sed omnibus constitui putetur,

id. Tull. 15, 36:

ad formandos animos statuendasque vitae leges, Quint. prooem. 14: sic hujus (virtutis) ut caelestium statuta magnitudo est,

Sen. Ep. 79, 10:

vectigal etiam novum ex salaria annona statuerunt,

Liv. 29, 37, 2:

novos statuere fines,

id. 42, 24, 8:

neque eos quos statuit terminos observat,

id. 21, 44, 5:

quibus rebus cum pax statuta esset,

Just. 5, 10, 8; so id. 25, 1, 1:

sedesque ibi statuentibus,

id. 18, 5, 11.—

With double acc., to constitute, appoint, create:

Hirtius arbitrum me statuebat non modo hujus rei, sed totius consulatus sui,

Cic. Att. 14, 1, a, 2:

telluris erum natura nec illum, nec quemquam constituit,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 130:

de principatu (vinorum) se quisque judicem statuet,

Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 59:

praefectus his statuitur Andragoras,

Just. 21, 4, 5.—

To determine, fix, etc. (of temporal or local relations); constr. usually with acc. and dat. or acc. and gen.

Modum statuere alicui or alicujus rei, to determine the manner, mode, or measure of, assign limits, restrictions or restraints to a thing or person, to impose restraints upon.

With dat.:

diuturnitati imperii modum statuendum putavistis,

that a limit should be assigned to the duration of his power, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 26:

statui mihi tum modum et orationi meae,

imposed restraints upon myself and my words, id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163:

non statuendo felicitati modum, nec cohibendo fortunam,

by not assigning any limits to his success, Liv. 30, 30, 23 (Pompeium) affirmabant, libertati publicae statuturum modum, Vell. 2, 40:

cupidinibus statuat natura modum,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 111:

quem modum sibi ipsa statuit (crudelitas)?

Val. Max. 9, 2 pr.:

modum ipsae res statuunt (i. e. sibi),

Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 216:

modum nuptiarum sumptibus statuerunt,

Just. 21, 4, 5:

timori quem meo statuam modum?

Sen. Thyest. 483;

and with finem: jam statui aerumnis modum et finem cladi,

id. Herc. Fur. 206. —

With gen.:

honestius te inimicitiarum modum statuere potuisse quam me humanitatis,

Cic. Sull. 17, 48:

ipse modum statuam carminis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 44:

errorisque sui sic statuisse modum,

Prop. 3, 12 (4, 11), 36:

modum statuunt fellis pondere denarii,

they limit the quantity of the gall to the weight of a denarius, Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 254.—

Condicionem or legem alicui, to impose a condition or law upon one, to dictate, assign a condition to:

hanc tu condicionem statuis Gaditanis,

Cic. Balb. 10, 25:

providete ne duriorem vobis condicionem statuatis ordinique vestro quam ferre possit,

id. Rab. Post. 6, 15:

alter eam sibi legem statuerat ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 10, 6, 12: pretio statuta lege ne modum excederet, etc., the law being assigned to the price that not, etc., i. e. the price being limited by the law, etc., Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 118:

pacis legem universae Graeciae statuit,

Just. 9, 5, 2.—So with ellipsis of dat., to agree upon, stipulate:

statutis condicionibus,

Just. 6, 1, 3:

omnibus consentientibus Carthago conditur, statuto annuo vectigali pro solo urbis,

id. 18, 5, 14. —

Finem, to assign or put an end to, make an end of:

haud opinor commode Finem statuisse orationi militem,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 21:

et finem statuit cuppedinis atque timoris,

Lucr. 6, 25:

cum Fulvius Flaccus finem poenae eorum statuere cogeretur,

Val. Max. 3, 2, ext. 1: majores vestri omnium magnarum rerum et principia exorsi ab diis sunt, et finem statuerunt, finished, Liv. 45, 39, 10; so,

terminum: nam templis numquam statuetur terminus aevi,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 180:

cum consilii tui bene fortiterque suscepti eum tibi finem statueris, quem ipsa fortuna terminum nostrarum contentionum esse voluisset,

since you have assigned that end, Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 2.—

Pretium alicui rei, to assign a price to something; fix, determine the price of something:

quae probast mers, pretium ei statuit,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 132:

numquam avare pretium statui arti meae,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 48:

statuit frumento pretium,

Tac. A. 2, 87; so with dat. understood:

ut eos (obsides) pretio quantum ipsi statuissent patres redimi paterentur,

Liv. 45, 42, 7:

pretium statuit (i. e. vecturae et sali),

id. 45, 29, 13; so with in and acc.: ut in singulas amphoras (vini) centeni nummi statuantur, that the price may be set down at 100 sesterces for an amphora, Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 56.—

Statuere diem, horam, tempus, locum alicui rei, or alicui, or with dat. gerund., to assign or appoint a day, time, place, etc. (for the more usual diem dicere):

statutus est comitiis dies,

Liv. 24, 27, 1:

diem patrando facinori statuerat,

id. 35, 35, 15:

multitudini diem statuit ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

Sall. C. 36, 2:

dies insidiis statuitur,

id. J. 70, 3:

ad tempus locumque colloquio statuendum,

Liv. 28, 35, 4:

subverti leges quae sua spatia (= tempora) quaerendis aut potiundis honoribus statuerint,

Tac. A. 2, 36.—With ellipsis of dat.:

observans quem statuere diem,

Mart. 4, 54, 6:

noctem unam poscit: statuitur nox,

Tac. A. 13, 44.—Esp. in the part. statutus, fixed, appointed (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with status; v. sisto fin.):

institum ut quotannis... libri diebus statutis (statis) recitarentur,

Suet. Claud. 42:

ut die statuta omnes equos ante regiam producerent,

Just. 1, 10, 1:

quaedam (genera) statutum tempus anni habent,

Plin. 17, 18, 30, § 135:

fruges quoque maturitatem statuto tempore expectant,

Curt. 6, 3, 7:

sacrificium non esse redditum statuto tempore,

id. 8, 2, 6:

statuto tempore quo urbem Mithridati traderet,

Just. 16, 4, 9:

cum ad statutam horam omnes convenissent,

id. 1, 10, 8:

intra tempus statutum,

fixed by the law, Dig. 4, 4, 19 and 20.—

To recount, count up, state (very rare): statue sex et quinquaginta annos, quibus mox divus Augustus rempublicam rexit: adice Tiberii tres et viginti... centum et viginti anni colliguntur, count, fix the number at, Tac. Or. 17:

Cinyphiae segetis citius numerabis aristas... quam tibi nostrorum statuatur summa laborum,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 29.—

To decide, determine, with reference to a result, to settle, fix, bring about, choose, make a decision.

Of disputes, differences, questions, etc., between others.

With interrog.-clause:

ut statuatis hoc judicio utrum posthac amicitias clarorum virorum calamitati hominibus an ornamento esse malitis,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65:

eam potestatem habetis ut statuatis utrum nos... semper miseri lugeamus, an, etc.,

id. Mil. 2, 4:

in hoc homine statuatis, possitne senatoribus judicantibus homo nocentissim us pecuniosissimusque damnari,

id. Verr. 1, 16, 47:

vos statuite, recuperatores, utra (sententia) utilior esse videatur,

id. Caecin. 27, 77:

decidis tu statuisque quid iis ad denarium solveretur,

id. Quint. 4, 17:

magni esse judicis statuere quid quemque cuique praestare oporteret,

id. Off. 3, 17, 70:

mihi vero Pompeius statuisse videtur quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret,

id. Mil. 6, 15:

semel (senatus) statuerent quid donatum Masinissae vellent,

Liv. 42, 23:

nec quid faciendum modo sit statuunt, sed, etc.,

decide, dictate, id. 44, 22:

nondum statuerat conservaret eum necne,

Nep. Eum. 11, 2:

statutumque (est) quantum curules, quantum plebei pignoris caperent,

Tac. A. 13, 28: semel nobis esse statuendum quod consilium in illo sequamur, August. ap. Suet. Claud. 4. —

With de:

ut consules de Caesaris actis cognoscerent, statuerent, judicarent,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, B, 8:

et collegas suos de religione statuisse, in senatu de lege statuturos,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

ut de absente eo C. Licinius statueret ac judicaret,

Liv. 42, 22:

si de summa rerum liberum senatui permittat rex statuendi jus,

id. 42, 62: qui ab exercitu ab imperatore eove cui de ea re statuendi potestas fuerit, dimissus erit, Edict. Praet. in Dig. 3, 2, 1.—Often with reference to punishment:

cum de P. Lentulo ceterisque statuetis, pro certo habetote, vos simul de exercitu Catilinae decernere,

Sall. C. 52, 17:

satis visum de Vestilia statuere,

to pass sentence against, Tac. A. 2, 85:

jus statuendi de procuratoribus,

id. ib. 12, 54:

facta patribus potestate statuendi de Caeciliano,

id. ib. 6, 7; so id. ib. 13, 28; cf. id. ib. 15, 14; 2, 85; Suet. Tib. 61 fin. —In partic.: de se statuere, to decide on, or dispose of one's self, i. e. of one's life, = to commit suicide:

eorum qui de se statuebant humabantur corpora,

Tac. A. 6, 29.—

With de and abl. and interrog.-clause:

si quibusdam populis permittendum esse videatur ut statuant ipsi de suis rebus quo jure uti velint,

Cic. Balb. 8, 22.—

With contra:

consequeris tamen ut eos ipsos quos contra statuas aequos placatosque dimittas,

Cic. Or. 10, 34. —

With indef. obj., usu. a neutr. pron.:

utrum igitur hoc Graeci statuent... an nostri praetores?

Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

dixisti quippiam: fixum (i. e. id) et statutum est,

id. Mur. 30, 62:

eoque utrique quod statuit contenti sunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 87:

senatus, ne quid absente rege statueret,

Liv. 39, 24, 13:

maturato opus est, quidquid statuere placet (senatui),

id. 8, 13, 17:

id ubi in P. Licinio ita statutum est,

id. 41, 15, 10:

interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

Curt. 8, 14, 43:

quid in futurum statuerim, aperiam,

Tac. A. 4, 37:

utque rata essent quae procuratores sui in judicando statuerent,

Suet. Claud. 12;

qul statuit aliquid parte inaudita altera, aequum licet statuerit, haud aequus fuit,

Sen. Med. 2, 199:

non ergo quod libet statuere arbiter potest,

Dig. 4, 8, 32, § 15; cf.:

earum rerum quas Caesar statuisset, decrevisset, egisset,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 11.—

With de or super and abl.:

vos de crudelissimis parricidis quid statuatis cunctamini?

Sall. C. 52, 31:

nihil super ea re nisi ex voluntate filii statuere,

Suet. Tib. 13:

ne quid super tanta re absente principe statueretur,

Tac. H. 4, 9.—

Absol., mostly pass. impers.:

ita expediri posse consilium ut pro merito cujusque statueretur,

Liv. 8, 14, 1:

tunc ut quaeque causa erit statuetis,

id. 3, 53, 10:

non ex rumore statuendum,

decisions should not be founded on rumors, Tac. A. 3, 69.—

With cognoscere, to examine ( officially) and decide:

petit ut vel ipse de eo causa cognita statuat, vel civitatem statuere jubeat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19:

consuli ut cognosceret statueretque senatus permiserat,

Liv. 39, 3, 2:

missuros qui de eorum controversiis cognoscerent statuerentque,

id. 40, 20, 1; 45, 13, 11:

quod causa cognita erit statuendum,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 8.—

With reference to the mind of the subject, to decide, to make up one's mind, conclude, determine, be convinced, usu. with interrog.clause:

numquam intellegis, statuendum tibi esse, utrum illi homicidae sint an vindices libertatis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30:

illud mirum videri solet, tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum judicem an arbitrum, rem an litem dici oporteret,

id. Mur. 12, 27:

neque tamen possum statuere, utrum magis mirer, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

ipsi statuerent, quo tempore possent suo jure arma capere,

id. Tull. 5, 12:

ut statuerem quid esset faciendum,

id. Att. 7, 26, 3:

statuere enim qui sit sapiens, vel maxime videtur esse sapientis,

id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

si habes jam statutum quid tibi agendum putes,

id. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

tu quantum tribuendum nobis putes statuas ipse, et, ut spero, statues ex nostra dignitate,

id. ib. 5, 8, 4:

vix statui posse utrum quae pro se, an quae contra fratrem petiturus esset ab senatu magis impetrabilia forent,

Liv. 45, 19, 6:

quam satis statuerat, utram foveret partem,

id. 42, 29, 11:

posse ipsam Liviam statuere, nubendum post Drusum, an, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

statue quem poenae extrahas,

Sen. Troad. 661.—So with apud animum, to make up one's mind:

vix statuere apud animum meum possum atrum pejor ipsa res an pejore exemplo agatur,

Liv. 34, 2, 4:

proinde ipsi primum statuerent apud animos quid vellent,

id. 6, 39, 11.—Rarely with neutr, pron. as object:

quidquid nos de communi sententia statuerimus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2:

sic statue, quidquid statuis, ut causam famamque tuam in arto stare scias,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1306.—

To decree, order, prescribe.

With ut or ne: statuunt ut decem milia hominum in oppidum submittantur, [p. 1754] Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

eos (Siculos) statuisse ut hoc quod dico postularet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 103:

statuunt illi atque decernunt ut eae litterae... removerentur,

id. ib. 2, 2, 71, §

173: statuit iste ut arator... vadimonium promitteret,

id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

38: orare patres ut statuerent ne absentium nomina reciperentur,

id. ib. 2, 2, 42, §

103: statuitur ne post M. Brutum proconsulem sit Creta provincia,

id. Phil. 2, 38, 97:

(Tiberius) auxit patrum honorem statuendo ut qui ad senatum provocavissent, etc.,

Tac. A. 14, 28:

statuiturque (a senatu) ut... in servitute haberentur,

id. ib. 12, 53.—So of a decree, determination, or agreement by several persons or parties to be carried out by each of them:

statutum esse (inter plebem et Poenos) ut... impedimenta diriperent,

Liv. 23, 16, 6:

Athenienses cum statuerent, ut urbe relicta naves conscenderent,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48:

statuunt ut fallere custodes tentent,

Ov. M. 4, 84.—

With acc. (post-Aug.):

remedium statuere,

to prescribe a remedy against public abuses, Tac. A. 3, 28; 6, 4:

Caesar ducentesimam (vectigalis) in posterum statuit,

decreed that one half of one per cent. be the tax, id. ib. 2, 42.—So with sic (= hoc):

sic, di, statuistis,

Ov. M. 4, 661.—

With dat. and acc. (not ante-Aug.):

eis (Vestalibus) stipendium de publico statuit,

decreed, allowed a salary, Liv. 1, 20, 3:

Aurelio quoque annuam pecuniam statuit princeps,

decreed, granted, Tac. A. 13, 34:

biduum criminibus obiciendis statuitur,

are allowed, id. ib. 3, 13:

itaque et alimenta pueris statuta... et patribus praemia statuta,

Just. 12, 4, 8:

ceu Aeolus insanis statuat certamina ventis,

Stat. Th. 6, 300:

non hoc statui sub tempore rebus occasum Aeoniis,

id. ib. 7, 219:

statuere alicui munera,

Val. Fl. 2, 566.—

With dat. and interrog.-clause:

cur his quoque statuisti quantum ex hoc genere frumenti darent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53:

ordo iis quo quisque die supplicarent, statutus,

Liv. 7, 28, 8.—

In partic., of punishment, etc., to decree, measure out, inflict.

With poenam, etc., with or without in and acc. pers. (mostly post-Aug.):

considerando... in utra (lege) major poena statuatur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

poenam statui par fuisse,

Tac. A. 14, 49:

qui non judicium, sed poenam statui videbant,

id. ib. 11, 6:

eadem poena in Catum Firmium statuitur,

id. ib. 6, 31:

senatu universo in socios facinoris ultimam statuente poenam,

Suet. Caes. 14;

so with mercedem (= poenam): debuisse gravissimam temeritatis mercedem statui,

Liv. 39, 55, 3; cf.

also: Thrasea, non quidquid nocens reus pati mereretur, id egregio sub principe statuendum disseruit,

Tac. A. 14, 48.— Absol.:

non debere eripi patribus vim statuendi (sc. poenas),

Tac. A. 3, 70.—

With indef. obj., generally with in and acc.: aliquid gravius in aliquem, to proceed severely against:

obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

fac aliquid gravius in Hejum statuisse Mamertinos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 19:

res monet cavere ab illis magis quam quid in illos statuamus consultare,

Sall. C. 52, 3:

qui cum triste aliquid statuit, fit tristis et ipse,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 119:

si quid ob eam rem de se crudelius statuerent,

Just. 2, 15, 10.—

With a word expressing the kind of punishment (post-Aug.):

in Pompeiam Sabinam exilium statuitur,

Tac. A. 6, 24 (18).—

De capite, to pass sentence of death:

legem illam praeclaram quae de capite civis Romani nisi comitiis centuriatis statui vetaret,

Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61.—

Referring to one's own acts, to resolve, determine, purpose, to propose, with inf. (first in Cic.;

freq. and class.): statuit ab initio et in eo perseveravit, jus publicano non dicere,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 10:

P. Clodius cum statuisset omni scelere in praetura vexare rem publicam,

id. Mil. 9, 24:

statuerat excusare,

to decline the office, id. Lig. 7, 21:

cum statuissem scribere ad te aliquid,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

quod iste certe statuerat et deliberaverat non adesse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1:

se statuisse animum advertere in omnes nauarchos,

id. ib. 2, 5, 40, §

105: nam statueram in perpetuum tacere,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

statueram... nihil de illo dicere,

id. Fragm. Clod. 1, 1:

statueram recta Appia Romam (i. e. venire),

id. Att. 16, 10, 1:

Pompeius statuerat bello decertare,

Caes. B. C. 3, 86: si cedere hinc statuisset, Liv. 44, 39, 7:

triumphare mense Januario statuerat,

id. 39, 15:

immemor sim propositi quo statui non ultra attingere externa nisi qua Romanis cohaererent rebus,

id. 39, 48:

rex quamquam dissimulare statuerat,

id. 42, 21:

opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit,

id. 42, 54, 9:

ut statuisse non pugnare consules cognitum est,

id. 2, 45, 9:

exaugurare fana statuit,

id. 1, 55, 2:

Delphos mittere statuit,

id. 1, 56, 5:

eos deducere in agros statuerunt,

id. 40, 38, 2:

tradere se, ait, moenia statuisse,

id. 8, 25, 10:

Samnitium exercitus certamine ultimo fortunam experiri statuit,

id. 7, 37, 4:

statuit sic adfectos hosti non obicere,

id. 44, 36, 2:

sub idem tempus statuit senatus Carthaginem excidere,

Vell. 1, 12, 2:

statui pauca disserere,

Tac. H. 4, 73:

amoliri juvenem specie honoris statuit,

id. A. 2, 42:

statuerat urbem novam condere,

Curt. 4, 8, 1:

statuerat parcere urbi conditae a Cyro,

id. 7, 6, 20:

rex statuerat inde abire,

id. 7, 11, 4:

Alexander statuerat ex Syria petere Africam,

id. 10, 1, 17; 10, 5, 24; 5, 27 (9), 13; so,

statutum habere cum animo ac deliberatum,

to have firmly and deliberately resolved, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95.—With sic:

caedis initium fecisset a me, sic enim statuerat,

id. Phil. 3, 7, 29.—

To judge, declare as a judgment, be of opinion, hold (especially of legal opinions), think, consider (always implying the establishment of a principle, or a decided conviction; cf.: existimo, puto, etc.).

With acc. and inf.

In gen.:

senatus consulta falsa delata ab eo judicavimus... leges statuimus per vim et contra auspicia latas,

Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 12:

statuit senatus hoc ne illi quidem esse licitum cui concesserat omnia,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81:

quin is tamen (judex) statuat fieri non posse ut de isto non severissime judicetur,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §

144: hujusce rei vos (recuperatores) statuetis nullam esse actionem qui obstiterit armatis hominibus?

id. Caecin. 13, 39, ut quisquam juris numeretur peritus, qui id statuit esse jus quod non oporteat judicari, who holds that to be the law, id. ib. 24, 68:

is (Pompeius) se in publico statuit esse non posse,

id. Pis. 13, 29:

tu unquam tantam plagam tacitus accipere potuisses, nisi hoc ita statuisses, quidquid dixisses te deterius esse facturum?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133:

si causa cum causa contenderet, nos nostram perfacile cuivis probaturos statuebamus,

we were sure, id. Quint. 30, 92:

non statuit sibi quidquam licere quod non patrem suum facere vidisset,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211:

hi sibi nullam societatem communis utilitatis causa statuunt esse cum civibus,

assume, id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

cum igitur statuisset opus esse ad eam rem constituendam pecunia,

had become convinced, id. ib. 2, 23, 82:

quo cive neminem ego statuo in hac re publica esse fortiorem,

id. Planc. 21, 51:

quam quidem laudem sapientiae statuo esse maximam,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 1:

hoc anno statuit temporis esse satis,

Ov. F. 1, 34:

nolim statuas me mente maligna id facere,

Cat. 67, 37.— So with sic:

velim sic statuas tuas mihi litteras longissimas quasque gratissimas fore,

Cic. Fam. 7, 33 fin.:

ego sic statuo a me in hac causa pietatis potius quam defensionis partes esse susceptas,

I hold, lay down as the principle of my defence, id. Sest. 2, 3:

quod sic statuit omnino consularem legem nullam putare,

id. ib. 64, 135:

sic statuo et judico, neminem tot et tanta habuisse ornamenta dicendi,

id. Or. 2, 28, 122. —Hence, statui, I have judged, i. e. I know, and statueram, I had judged, i. e. I knew:

ut ego qui in te satis consilii statuerim esse, mallem Peducaeum tibi consilium dare quam me, ironically,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4:

qui saepe audissent, nihil esse pulchrius quam Syracusarum moenia, statuerant se, si ea Verre praetore non vidissent, numquam esse visuros,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95.—With neutr. pron.:

si dicam non recte aliquid statuere eos qui consulantur,

that they hold an erroneous opinion, Cic. Caecin. 24, 68; cf.:

quis hoc statuit umquam, aut cui concedi potest, ut eum jure potuerit occidere a quo, etc.,

id. Tull. 24, 56; Quint. 5, 13, 21.—

Particularly of a conclusion drawn from circumstances, to judge, infer, conclude; declare (as an inference):

cum tuto senatum haberi non posse judicavistis, tum statuiistis, etiam intra muros Antonii scelus versari,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13: quod si aliter statuetis, videte ne hoc vos statuatis, qui vivus decesserit, ei vim non esse factam, id. Caecin. 16, 46:

quid? si tu ipse statuisti, bona P. Quinctii ex edicto possessa non esse?

id. Quint. 24, 76:

ergo ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

id. Off. 3, 16, 67:

Juppiter esse pium statuit quodcumque juvaret,

Ov. H. 4, 133.—With neutr. pron.:

hoc (i. e. litteris Gabinii credendum non esse) statuit senatus cum frequens supplicationem Gabinio denegavit,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 6, 14:

quod si tum statuit opus esse, quid cum ille decessisset, Flacco existimatis statuendum et faciendum fuisse?

id. Fl. 12, 29; cf. id. Caecin. 16, 46, supra; so,

hoc si ita statuetis,

id. ib. 16, 47.—

Esp. with gerund.-clause.

To hold, judge, think, consider, acknowledge, that something must be done, or should have been done:

tu cum tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas... non statuebas tibi de illorum factis rationem esse reddendam?

did you not consider, did it not strike you? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29: statuit, si hoc crimen extenuari vellet, nauarchos omnes vita esse privandos, he thought it necessary to deprive, etc., id. ib. 2, 5, 40, §

103: ut statuas mihi non modo non cedendum, sed etiam tuo auxilio utendum fuisse,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 10:

statuebam sic, boni nihil ab illis nugis expectandum,

id. Sest. 10, 24:

Antigonus statuit aliquid sibi consilii novi esse capiendum,

Nep. Eum. 8, 4. —So with opus fuisse:

ut hoc statuatis oratione longa nihil opus fuisse,

acknowledge, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56: causam sibi dicendam esse statuerat jam ante quam hoc usu venit, knew (cf. a. supra), id. ib. 2, 5, 39, § 101. —

To think that one must do something, to resolve, propose, usu. with dat. pers.:

manendum mihi statuebam quasi in vigilia quadam consulari ac senatoria,

Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 1: quae vobis fit injuria si statuimus, vestro nobis judicio standum esse, if we conclude, purpose, to abide, etc., id. Fl. 27, 65:

ut ea quae statuisses tibi in senatu dicenda, reticeres,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 1:

statuit tamen nihil sibi in tantis injuriis gravius faciendum,

id. Clu. 6, 16:

Caesar statuit exspectandam classem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

non expectandum sibi statuit dum, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 11:

quod eo tempore statuerat non esse faciendum,

id. B. C. 3, 44:

statuit sibi nihil agitandum,

Sall. J. 39, 5:

Metellus statuit alio more bellum gerendum,

id. ib. 54, 5:

Laco statuit accuratius sibi agendum cum Pharnabazo,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 2:

sororis filios tollendos statuit,

Just. 38, 1.—

With ut:

si, ut Manilius statuebat, sic est judicatum (= ut judicandum esse statuebat),

Cic. Caecin. 24, 69:

ut veteres statuerunt poetae (ut = quod ita esse),

id. Arat. 267 (33): quae majora auribus accepta sunt quam oculis noscuntur, ut statuit, as he thought, i. e. that those things were greater, etc., Liv. 45, 27:

cum esset, ut ego mihi statuo, talis qualem te esse video,

Cic. Mur. 14, 32.—

With two acc. (= duco, existimo):

omnes qui libere de re publica sensimus, statuit ille quidem non inimicos, sed hostes,

regarded not as adversaries, but as foes, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 3:

Anaximenes aera deum statuit,

id. N. D. 10, 26:

voluptatem summum bonum statuens,

id. Off. 1, 2, 5:

video Lentulum cujus ego parentem deum ac patronum statuo fortunae ac nominis mei,

id. Sest. 69, 144:

si rectum statuerimus concedere amicis quidquid velint,

id. Lael. 11, 38:

Hieronymus summum bonum statuit non dolere,

id. Fin. 2, 6, 19:

noster vero Plato Titanum e genere statuit eos qui... adversentur magistratibus,

id. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

decretum postulat, quo justae inter patruos fratrumque filias nuptiae statuerentur,

Tac. A. 12, 7:

optimum in praesentia statuit reponere odium,

id. Agr. 39.— P. a.: stătūtus, a, um, i. e. baculo, propped, leaning on a stick (dub. v. I. C. supra):

vidistis senem... statutum, ventriosum?

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 11.—Hence, subst.: stătūtum, i, n., a law, decision, determination, statute (late Lat.):

Dei,

Lact. 2, 16, 14:

Parcarum leges ac statuta,

id. 1, 11, 14:

statuta Dei et placita,

id. 7, 25, 8.

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

AF VOBEIS,

Inscr. Orell. 3114;

AF MVRO,

ib. 6601;

AF CAPVA,

ib. 3308;

AF SOLO,

ib. 589;

AF LYCO,

ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

abs chorago,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

abs quivis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

abs terra,

Cato, R. R. 51;

and in compounds: aps-cessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).

In space, and,

Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.

Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

fuga ab urbe turpissima,

Cic. Att. 7, 21:

ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.

Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

profecti a domo,

Liv. 40, 33, 2;

of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

Liv. 8, 22, 6;

of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

id. 24, 40, 2.

Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

id. Att. 7, 24:

cum a vobis discessero,

id. Sen. 22:

multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

so a fratre,

id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

a Pontio,

Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

ab ea,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.

Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.

Of separation:

ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

Sall. C. 40, 5:

absint lacerti ab stabulis,

Verg. G. 4, 14.—

Of distance:

quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

tam prope ab domo detineri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

id. 37, 38, 5). —

To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

erat a septentrionibus collis,

on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).

Fig.

In time.

From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

Juv. 1,40:

mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

ab eo magistratu,

after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

Liv. 30, 36, 1:

statim a funere,

Suet. Caes. 85;

and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

id. ib. 60:

protinus ab adoptione,

Vell. 2, 104, 3:

Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.

With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

ab hora tertia bibebatur,

from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

vixit ab omni aeternitate,

from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

Nep. Att. 5, 3:

in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.

Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

a pueritia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

jam inde ab adulescentia,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

ab adulescentia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

jam a prima adulescentia,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

ab ineunte adulescentia,

id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

a primis temporibus aetatis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

a teneris unguiculis,

from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

usque a toga pura,

id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

jam inde ab incunabulis,

Liv. 4, 36, 5:

a prima lanugine,

Suet. Oth. 12:

viridi ab aevo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

rarely of animals: ab infantia,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

a pausillo puero,

id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

a puero,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

a pueris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

ab adulescente,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

ab infante,

Col. 1, 8, 2:

a parva virgine,

Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

a parvis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

a parvulo,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

ab parvulis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

ab tenero,

Col. 5, 6, 20;

and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.

In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.

In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

condicionem quam ab te peto,

id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

si quid ab illo acceperis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab defensione desistere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

quid hoc ab illo differt,

from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

alieno a te animo fuit,

id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

subdole ab re consulit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

haut est ab re aucupis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).

In partic.

To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

disputata ab eo,

id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

ita generati a natura sumus,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

salvebis a meo Cicerone,

i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

ne vir ab hoste cadat,

Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

si calor est a sole,

id. N. D. 2, 52:

ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

metu poenae a Romanis,

Liv. 32, 23, 9:

bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

id. 3, 22, 2:

ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

lassus ab equo indomito,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

Prop. 5, 1, 126:

tempus a nostris triste malis,

time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

si postulatur a populo,

if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

deseror conjuge,

Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

and in prose,

Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.

With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

pastores a Pergamide,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

Turnus ab Aricia,

Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.

In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)

With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

da, puere, ab summo,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

coepere a fame mala,

Liv. 4, 12, 7:

cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.

With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

a foliis et stercore purgato,

Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

Liv. 21, 11, 5:

expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

Sall. C. 32:

ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

Liv. 21, 35, 12:

ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

el metul a Chryside,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

ab Hannibale metuens,

Liv. 23, 36; and:

metus a praetore,

id. 23, 15, 7;

v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.

With verbs of fastening and holding:

funiculus a puppi religatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.

Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.

Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.

Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

a frigore laborantibus,

Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

laborare ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.

Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

ab ingenio improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

a me pudica'st,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

orba ab optimatibus contio,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

locus copiosus a frumento,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

id. Brut. 16, 63:

ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

so often in poets ab arte=arte,

artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.

In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

ab honore,

id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.

Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

ab illo injuria,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

fulgor ab auro,

Lucr. 2, 5:

dulces a fontibus undae,

Verg. G. 2, 243.

In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

nonnuill ab novissimis,

id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).

In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

ab eo qui sunt,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).

To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

a manu servus,

a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).

The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

a peregre,

Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

a foris,

Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

ab intus,

ib. ib. 7, 15:

ab invicem,

App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

a longe,

Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

a modo,

ib. ib. 23, 39;

Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

a sursum,

ib. Marc. 15, 38.

Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

id. Sen. 6:

a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—

Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—

It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

a vitae periculo,

Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

a minus bono,

Sall. C. 2, 6:

a satis miti principio,

Liv. 1, 6, 4:

damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—

The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

aque Chao,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

aque mero,

Ov. M. 3, 631:

aque viro,

id. H. 6, 156:

aque suis,

id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

a meque,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

abs teque,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

a teque,

id. ib. 8, 11, §

7: a primaque adulescentia,

id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —

A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.

In composition ab,

Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—

It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

complector ( conp-), plexus, 3, v. dep. (in signif. mostly coinciding with amplector), prop., to entwine around a person or thing (cf. amplector; class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

Of persons, to clasp, embrace, as an expression of affection.

With acc.:

vidi et illam et hospitem Conplexum atque ausculantem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 53: adcurrit;

mediam mulierem complectitur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 106:

tum ille artius puellam amplexus,

Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103:

viri corpus,

Lucr. 4, 1193:

(adulescentem) complexus osculatusque dimiserit,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

suum maritum,

Ov. M. 12, 428:

nepotes,

Verg. A. 6, 786:

aliquem conplexa tenere,

Cic. Font. 21, 47 (17, 36); cf. Stat. S. 2, 1, 121.—Of parts of the person:

dextram euntis,

Verg. A. 8, 558; Ov. M. 6, 494; cf. Curt. 6, 7, 8:

infirmis membra lacertis,

Ov. M. 10, 407:

genua. in supplication,

Quint. 6, 1, 34:

pedes alicujus,

Luc. 10, 89.—

With inter se:

nosque inter nos esse conplexos,

Cic. Div. 1, 28, 58:

conplecti inter se lacrimantes milites coepisse,

Liv. 7, 42, 6; Verg. A. 5, 766.—

With in vicem, Quint. 7, 10, 17.—

Absol.:

nequeunt conplecti satis,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 32: Phr. Conplectere. Di. Lubens, id. Truc. 2, 4, 19:

contineri qum conplectar non queo,

id. Men. 5, 9, 65; id. Mil. 4, 8, 19; Prop. 1, [p. 390] 10, 5.—

With cum and abl., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 134.—

In gen., to grasp, clasp, seize, encircle, surround, compass, enclose:

(vitis) claviculis suis quasi manibus quicquid est nacta complectitur,

Cic. Sen. 15, 52:

(orbis caelestis) extimus, qui reliquos omnis complectitur,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

complexi terram maris,

Ov. M. 8, 731:

ubi mollis amaracus illum (Ascanium) Floribus et dulci conplectitur umbrā,

Verg. A. 1, 694:

vestis complectens undique corpus,

Cat. 64, 307:

spatium,

to mark out around for military purposes, Caes. B. G. 7, 72; Auct. B. G. 8, 74; cf.

of ploughing around,

Ov. M. 15, 619:

aliquem obsidione,

Vell. 2, 51, 1 et saep.:

caput digitis cruentis,

Ov. M. 3, 727:

manibus eminentia saxa,

Curt. 7, 11, 15:

dexterā impendentes ramos,

id. 9, 5, 13.—Of grasping an adversary in fight:

quoad stans complecti posset atque contendere,

Nep. Epam. 2, 4:

qui cum inter se complexi in terram ex equis decidissent... non prius distracti sunt, quam alterum anima relinqueret,

in contention, id. Eum. 4, 2.—

Trop.

Of sleep, to seize upon, enfold:

sopor fessos complectitur artus,

Verg. A. 2, 253; cf.:

me artior somnus conplexus est,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10, 10.—

To embrace something intellectually as a whole, to comprehend, understand:

aliquid cogitatione et mente,

Cic. Or. 2, 8; cf. id. Fam. 5, 17, 4:

deum et divinum animum cogitatione,

id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:

omne caelum totamque cum universo mari terram mente,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112; cf. Quint. 12, 1, 25; 12, 2, 17:

animo proxima quaeque meo,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 70:

rei magnitudinem animo,

Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 19; Quint. 10, 6, 3; 10, 6, 6 al.; cf. without acc.:

cum conplector animo, quattuor reperio causas, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 5, 15.—Without mente, animo, etc.:

perficies ut ego ista innumerabilia complectens nusquam labar?

Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 114:

totum genus judiciorum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 32:

formam animi magis quam corporis,

to consider, Tac. Agr. 46:

aliquid memoriā,

Cic. Div. 2, 71, 146; Quint. 2, 7, 3;

and without memoria,

id. 11, 2, 36.—

To comprehend a multitude of objects in discourse or in a written representation, to comprise, express, describe, represent, explain; with acc. and abl. or adv.:

omnia alicujus facta oratione,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 57:

omnium rerum memoriam breviter libro,

id. Brut. 3, 14:

orator autem sic illigat sententiam verbis, ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

id. de Or. 3, 44, 175:

omnia unā comprehensione,

id. Fin. 5, 9, 26:

plura semel,

Quint. 11, 1, 66:

pauca paucis,

id. 8, 3, 82; cf. id. 7, 3, 29:

sententiam his verbis,

id. 3, 6, 13.—Esp. with sententiā, to sum up in a formal vote or decree (of speeches in the Senate): causas complectar ipsā sententiā, in the motion or decree itself, Cic. Phil. 14, 11, 29:

sed ut aliquando sententiā complectar, ita censeo,

id. ib. 14, 14, 36.—Hence,

In philos. lang., to draw a conclusion, make an inference, Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 73; Auct. Her. 2, 29, 47; cf. complexio.—

To embrace from love, to love, value, honor; to be addicted to, to care for; with acc. and abl.:

aliquem honoribus et beneficiis suis,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:

eum beneficio,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

aliquem summā benevolentiā,

id. Fam. 6, 14, 1:

hunc omni tuā comitate,

id. ib. 7, 5, 3:

omnes caritate cives,

Liv. 7, 40, 3:

aliquem artā familiaritate,

Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 5 al. — Without abl.:

hominem,

Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 4. — Absol.: da te homini;

complectetur,

Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:

quos fortuna complexa est,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

philosophiam,

id. Brut. 93, 322; cf.:

artes ingenuas,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 9:

causam eam,

Cic. Phil. 5, 16, 44; cf. id. Att. 16, 15, 3:

otium,

id. ib. 2, 6, 1.—

To embrace, include:

cari sunt parentes, cari liberi, propinqui, familiares, sed omnis omnium caritates patria una complexa est,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 87:

licet haec omnia complectatur eversio,

Quint. 8, 3, 69; 2, 15, 13.—

(Causa pro effectu.) To take into possession, to seize, lay hold of, to make one ' s self master of (rare):

(philosophiae) vis valet multum, cum est idoneam complexa naturam,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

facultatem aliquam,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 5; Liv. 44, 1, 12:

plures provincias complexus sum quam alii urbes ceperunt,

Curt. 6, 3, 4.

► *

Act. collat form complecto, ĕre: quando convenit complectite, Pompon. ap. Non. p. 472 fin.; cf. Prisc. p. 797 P.—

complector, ti, in pass. signif.: invidiosā fortunā complecti, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 793 P.:

quo uno maleficio scelera omnia complexa esse videantur,

id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37 (but in Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40, and id. Fin. 3, 12, 41, the best read. is completur).

complector ( conp-), plexus, 3, v. dep. (in signif. mostly coinciding with amplector), prop., to entwine around a person or thing (cf. amplector; class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

Of persons, to clasp, embrace, as an expression of affection.

With acc.:

vidi et illam et hospitem Conplexum atque ausculantem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 53: adcurrit;

mediam mulierem complectitur,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 106:

tum ille artius puellam amplexus,

Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103:

viri corpus,

Lucr. 4, 1193:

(adulescentem) complexus osculatusque dimiserit,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

suum maritum,

Ov. M. 12, 428:

nepotes,

Verg. A. 6, 786:

aliquem conplexa tenere,

Cic. Font. 21, 47 (17, 36); cf. Stat. S. 2, 1, 121.—Of parts of the person:

dextram euntis,

Verg. A. 8, 558; Ov. M. 6, 494; cf. Curt. 6, 7, 8:

infirmis membra lacertis,

Ov. M. 10, 407:

genua. in supplication,

Quint. 6, 1, 34:

pedes alicujus,

Luc. 10, 89.—

With inter se:

nosque inter nos esse conplexos,

Cic. Div. 1, 28, 58:

conplecti inter se lacrimantes milites coepisse,

Liv. 7, 42, 6; Verg. A. 5, 766.—

With in vicem, Quint. 7, 10, 17.—

Absol.:

nequeunt conplecti satis,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 32: Phr. Conplectere. Di. Lubens, id. Truc. 2, 4, 19:

contineri qum conplectar non queo,

id. Men. 5, 9, 65; id. Mil. 4, 8, 19; Prop. 1, [p. 390] 10, 5.—

With cum and abl., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 134.—

In gen., to grasp, clasp, seize, encircle, surround, compass, enclose:

(vitis) claviculis suis quasi manibus quicquid est nacta complectitur,

Cic. Sen. 15, 52:

(orbis caelestis) extimus, qui reliquos omnis complectitur,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

complexi terram maris,

Ov. M. 8, 731:

ubi mollis amaracus illum (Ascanium) Floribus et dulci conplectitur umbrā,

Verg. A. 1, 694:

vestis complectens undique corpus,

Cat. 64, 307:

spatium,

to mark out around for military purposes, Caes. B. G. 7, 72; Auct. B. G. 8, 74; cf.

of ploughing around,

Ov. M. 15, 619:

aliquem obsidione,

Vell. 2, 51, 1 et saep.:

caput digitis cruentis,

Ov. M. 3, 727:

manibus eminentia saxa,

Curt. 7, 11, 15:

dexterā impendentes ramos,

id. 9, 5, 13.—Of grasping an adversary in fight:

quoad stans complecti posset atque contendere,

Nep. Epam. 2, 4:

qui cum inter se complexi in terram ex equis decidissent... non prius distracti sunt, quam alterum anima relinqueret,

in contention, id. Eum. 4, 2.—

Trop.

Of sleep, to seize upon, enfold:

sopor fessos complectitur artus,

Verg. A. 2, 253; cf.:

me artior somnus conplexus est,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10, 10.—

To embrace something intellectually as a whole, to comprehend, understand:

aliquid cogitatione et mente,

Cic. Or. 2, 8; cf. id. Fam. 5, 17, 4:

deum et divinum animum cogitatione,

id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51:

omne caelum totamque cum universo mari terram mente,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112; cf. Quint. 12, 1, 25; 12, 2, 17:

animo proxima quaeque meo,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 70:

rei magnitudinem animo,

Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 19; Quint. 10, 6, 3; 10, 6, 6 al.; cf. without acc.:

cum conplector animo, quattuor reperio causas, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 5, 15.—Without mente, animo, etc.:

perficies ut ego ista innumerabilia complectens nusquam labar?

Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 114:

totum genus judiciorum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 32:

formam animi magis quam corporis,

to consider, Tac. Agr. 46:

aliquid memoriā,

Cic. Div. 2, 71, 146; Quint. 2, 7, 3;

and without memoria,

id. 11, 2, 36.—

To comprehend a multitude of objects in discourse or in a written representation, to comprise, express, describe, represent, explain; with acc. and abl. or adv.:

omnia alicujus facta oratione,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 57:

omnium rerum memoriam breviter libro,

id. Brut. 3, 14:

orator autem sic illigat sententiam verbis, ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

id. de Or. 3, 44, 175:

omnia unā comprehensione,

id. Fin. 5, 9, 26:

plura semel,

Quint. 11, 1, 66:

pauca paucis,

id. 8, 3, 82; cf. id. 7, 3, 29:

sententiam his verbis,

id. 3, 6, 13.—Esp. with sententiā, to sum up in a formal vote or decree (of speeches in the Senate): causas complectar ipsā sententiā, in the motion or decree itself, Cic. Phil. 14, 11, 29:

sed ut aliquando sententiā complectar, ita censeo,

id. ib. 14, 14, 36.—Hence,

In philos. lang., to draw a conclusion, make an inference, Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 73; Auct. Her. 2, 29, 47; cf. complexio.—

To embrace from love, to love, value, honor; to be addicted to, to care for; with acc. and abl.:

aliquem honoribus et beneficiis suis,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:

eum beneficio,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

aliquem summā benevolentiā,

id. Fam. 6, 14, 1:

hunc omni tuā comitate,

id. ib. 7, 5, 3:

omnes caritate cives,

Liv. 7, 40, 3:

aliquem artā familiaritate,

Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 5 al. — Without abl.:

hominem,

Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 4. — Absol.: da te homini;

complectetur,

Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:

quos fortuna complexa est,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

philosophiam,

id. Brut. 93, 322; cf.:

artes ingenuas,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 9:

causam eam,

Cic. Phil. 5, 16, 44; cf. id. Att. 16, 15, 3:

otium,

id. ib. 2, 6, 1.—

To embrace, include:

cari sunt parentes, cari liberi, propinqui, familiares, sed omnis omnium caritates patria una complexa est,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 87:

licet haec omnia complectatur eversio,

Quint. 8, 3, 69; 2, 15, 13.—

(Causa pro effectu.) To take into possession, to seize, lay hold of, to make one ' s self master of (rare):

(philosophiae) vis valet multum, cum est idoneam complexa naturam,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

facultatem aliquam,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 5; Liv. 44, 1, 12:

plures provincias complexus sum quam alii urbes ceperunt,

Curt. 6, 3, 4.

► *

Act. collat form complecto, ĕre: quando convenit complectite, Pompon. ap. Non. p. 472 fin.; cf. Prisc. p. 797 P.—

complector, ti, in pass. signif.: invidiosā fortunā complecti, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 793 P.:

quo uno maleficio scelera omnia complexa esse videantur,

id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37 (but in Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 40, and id. Fin. 3, 12, 41, the best read. is completur).

sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;

so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.

Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).

With antecedent in the same sentence.

The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.

His:

Caesar copias suas divisit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 97:

ille in sua sententia perseverat,

id. ib. 1, 72:

tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,

id. ib. 2, 37:

cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,

Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:

cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?

id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:

Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,

Liv. 26, 40, 7:

imperat princeps civibus suis,

Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:

nemo rem suam emit,

id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—

Her:

mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:

utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,

id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

si nunc facere volt era officium suom,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:

ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,

Cic. Cael. 32, 78:

si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,

id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—

Its:

omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,

id. Planc. 40, 95.—

Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:

mittent aliquem de suo numero,

id. ib. 11, 10, 25:

rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:

qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:

edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,

id. Sest. 14, 32:

suis finibus eos prohibent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;

and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,

some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—

With a subject-clause as antecedent:

id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:

ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

id. 3, 62, 1:

secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,

id. 35, 14, 4. —

With subject-acc. as antecedent:

hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,

Cic. Planc. 19, 47:

cupio eum suae causae confidere,

id. Sest. 64, 135:

suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,

id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

With object-acc. as antecedent.

Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):

hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,

he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:

hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,

id. Sest. 68, 142:

Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

illum ulciscentur mores sui,

id. Att. 9, 12, 2:

quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,

id. Or. 1, 14:

utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,

Liv. 1, 7, 1:

quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,

id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:

quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,

id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:

consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,

Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:

quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?

Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:

sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,

id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:

ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,

Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —

With impers. verbs:

sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,

id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:

jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,

Liv. 10, 7, 8:

militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,

id. 22, 12, 10.—

As adjunct of other members of the sentence:

ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,

Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:

totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:

Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,

Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:

introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,

Sall. C. 28, 1:

suis flammis delete Fidenas,

i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:

suo igni involvit hostes,

Tac. A. 14, 30:

quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?

Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.

with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—

With dat. as antecedent.

As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):

suus rex reginae placet,

a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:

ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:

Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?

Cic. Sull. 2, 7:

si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:

cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?

id. Planc. 33, 81:

haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:

Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,

Liv. 21, 50, 4:

sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,

id. 42, 50, 7:

Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,

id. 8, 14, 2:

vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,

Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:

nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,

id. Ep. 115, 17:

labor illi suus restitutus est,

id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:

magnitudo sua singulis constat,

id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:

tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,

id. Ep. 53, 11. —

With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—

Of other words:

regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:

mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:

ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,

id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:

nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,

id. 39, 37, 6:

Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,

id. 25, 3, 5.—

With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:

nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,

id. Att. 14, 13, 12:

suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,

the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:

cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,

Liv. 22, 42, 12:

nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,

Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:

Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,

Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:

in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:

operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):

(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—

With predic. nom. as antecedent:

sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,

Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—

With appositive noun.

With gram. subject as antecedent:

hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,

id. Mil. 9, 25:

(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,

id. Planc. 11, 27:

ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,

id. Balb. 21, 49:

ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,

id. Lig. 4, 11:

Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—

With object as antecedent:

Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:

tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,

id. Lig. 12, 36:

Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,

Liv. 22, 34, 2.—

With appositive noun as antecedent:

si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,

Liv. 6, 34, 5:

C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,

Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—

In participial clauses.

The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:

credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,

id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:

stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,

Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:

manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),

Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:

et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,

Liv. 22, 60, 9:

quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—

The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:

sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:

hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:

ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,

Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:

Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,

Liv. 25, 15, 1:

(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,

id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—

The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:

M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,

Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:

si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:

ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),

Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.

with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,

id. 7, 29, 7.—

In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:

mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—

With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:

cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,

id. Sest. 23, 51:

nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—

With antecedent dependent on the gerund:

eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—

As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:

magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?

Cic. Mil. 15, 40:

neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,

his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:

Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,

id. Off. 3, 23, 90:

sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,

id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:

totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,

id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.

Without gram. antec., one ' s, one ' s own.

Dependent on subject-inff.:

ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,

Cic. Mur. 7, 16:

siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,

id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:

contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,

id. Par. 6, 51:

ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23:

detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24:

suis exemplis melius est uti,

Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:

levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,

Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;

29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:

quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?

id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:

cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,

id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:

Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—

Without a subject-inf.:

omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,

Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:

erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),

Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):

non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.

With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.

In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.

In infinitive clauses:

(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,

Cic. Mil. 32, 88:

(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,

id. Cael. 10, 24:

ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:

hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,

Caes. B. C. 2, 16:

docent, sui judicii rem non esse,

id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:

hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:

(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.

also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—

Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:

scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:

isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:

ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,

Liv. 44, 8, 4. —

Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:

Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,

Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:

postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 3:

(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,

Liv. 42, 25, 12:

Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),

id. 1, 13, 2:

Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,

Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:

ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,

Gell. 1, 8, 5. —

In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:

(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;

16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,

id. Marcell. 3, 10:

quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?

Sen. Troad. 3, 13:

querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,

Quint. 6, 3, 88;

and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,

id. 9, 3, 68. —

In interrogative clauses:

si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:

ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:

donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,

Liv. 6, 27, 8:

rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,

id. 23, 39, 2:

postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,

id. 43, 19, 5. —

In a virtually oblique clause.

In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:

me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:

quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,

Liv. 43, 23, 5:

(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,

id. 26, 13, 16:

oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,

id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:

tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,

Liv. 10, 20, 7:

Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,

Nep. Dat. 7, 3:

quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?

Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —

In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:

Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),

Cic. Sull. 5, 15:

Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),

id. Att. 2, 1, 12:

non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),

id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:

Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:

ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?

id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,

Liv. 6, 18, 4:

(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,

id. 1, 21, 3:

adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,

id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).

In the place of ejus.

In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):

Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,

Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:

oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,

Liv. 1, 17, 2:

C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,

Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:

Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,

Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:

quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—

To avoid ambiguity:

petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),

Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,

Liv. 1, 37, 3.—

Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,

his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,

quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,

Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—

Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):

tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,

Cato, R. R. 31:

vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,

id. ib. 37:

qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,

id. ib. 157:

Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,

Nep. Cim. 3, 1:

id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,

id. Lys. 1, 2:

ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,

Ov. F. 6, 601:

quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,

id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.

In partic.

As substt.

sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.

(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:

cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,

fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,

her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:

quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,

his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:

qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,

their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,

to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,

his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:

Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,

Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,

id. B. C. 2, 35:

Caesar receptui suorum timens,

id. ib. 3, 46:

certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,

id. ib. 2, 20:

omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,

id. ib. 2, 37: so,

Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,

id. ib. 3, 86:

Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,

to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:

naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,

a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:

multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,

id. ib. 1, 19:

nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,

his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:

rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,

his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:

subsidio suorum proelium restituere,

comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:

feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,

their young, id. 26, 13, 12:

abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,

his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:

Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,

their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:

ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,

Liv. 39, 16, 5.—

Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;

the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,

id. Or. 3, 2, 8:

quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,

Liv. 37, 41, 8:

auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,

id. 37, 12:

quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—

Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—

Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:

cedo quid hic faciet sua?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—

sŭum, i, n., and more freq. sŭa, suorum, n. plur., = one ' s property.

Lit.:

nec suom adimerem alteri,

his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):

nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),

id. ib. 1, 2, 119:

illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:

populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:

nec donare illi de suo dicimur,

Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;

(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —

Trop.:

meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;

id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—

Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:

pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,

Dig. 41, 10, 1;

so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,

ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;

similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,

id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —

One ' s property:

Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:

qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,

id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:

tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,

id. Att. 14, 14, 6:

Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:

ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,

their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:

docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):

hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;

rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),

Liv. 39, 55, 3. —

One ' s own affairs:

aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:

cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,

Liv. 10, 20, 8:

omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,

id. 22, 41, 5:

aliena cum suis perdidit,

Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.

the context),

Quint. 6, 3, 90.

Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.

Of property in things.

Corporeal:

scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,

Ter. Eun. prol. 11:

nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),

Cic. Mil. 32, 87:

quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,

id. Off. 1, 7, 21:

Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84:

gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,

Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;

eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,

Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:

cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,

since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:

referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),

nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:

qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,

Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:

quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),

Ter. And. prol. 14:

potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,

his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—

Of a country or people:

suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,

Liv. 44, 24, 4:

crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,

id. 21, 44, 5.—

Trop.:

omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,

Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:

non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,

id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;

so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,

how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:

prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,

Quint. 10, 2, 26:

quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,

Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—

Of persons.

Under a master ' s or father ' s control:

ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,

make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:

eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),

id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—

Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):

ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—

Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:

hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:

sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,

to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:

cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,

Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:

Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,

devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —

Of power over one's self, etc.:

nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,

self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,

selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:

(furiosus) qui suus non est,

Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:

vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,

Ov. M. 8, 35. —

Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):

dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.

Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.

The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.

Opposition expressed:

nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,

Cic. Balb. 8, 21:

sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,

Liv. 45, 38, 12:

damnatione collegae et sua,

id. 22, 35, 3:

Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,

Tac. A. 14, 73:

velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,

id. H. 3, 37;

opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,

at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:

(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —

Implied:

voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,

within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:

cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,

id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:

superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;

ex suo fonte nativa est,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:

pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —

In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:

Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:

sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:

jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,

sortes sua sponte attenuatas,

id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—

Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:

restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),

Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:

et staturas suo loco leges,

Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:

aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—

For suo jure v. 3. infra.—

Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;

sed habuit suam Venerem,

Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —

Of private relations (opp. to public):

ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,

Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:

deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,

id. Off. 1, 7, 20:

quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,

i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —

Of just rights or claims:

imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,

due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:

neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:

quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,

Quint. 11, 1, 41. —

So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,

in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:

Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,

Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,

id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:

numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,

by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —

Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:

huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,

a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:

homini autem suum bonum ratio est,

his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:

in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,

id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —

With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,

that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:

et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,

id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:

dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,

in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:

mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,

by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —

According to one ' s liking, of one ' s own choice.

Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:

Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,

after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,

his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—

Of things, favorable.

Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:

hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:

numquam nostris locis laboravimus,

Liv. 9, 19, 15.—

Of time:

cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,

Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —

Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:

neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,

Liv. 22, 39, 21:

tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,

id. 4, 58, 2:

aestuque suo Locros trajecit,

a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:

ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,

Sen. Ep. 71, 3:

orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,

Ov. M. 13, 195:

aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,

Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —

Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:

quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,

id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:

geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:

sensus omnis habet suum finem,

its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:

ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,

Liv. 21, 34, 1:

nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,

id. 22, 16, 5:

adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,

Flor. 2, 6, 26:

liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,

Liv. 22, 28, 2:

equites ovantes sui moris carmine,

id. 10, 26, 11:

exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,

id. 21, 42, 3:

tripudiantes suo more,

id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:

equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,

that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):

suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,

Quint. 12, 10, 2:

illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,

Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:

quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,

Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—

Proper, right.

Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:

quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,

their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:

flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,

its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:

novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,

Liv. 40, 36, 6:

cum suo justo equitatu,

id. 21, 17, 8:

totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,

Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:

tranquilla mente et vultu suo,

with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:

media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,

id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:

cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,

not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —

So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,

Verg. G. 2, 82. —

Of time, proper, regular, etc. (cf. 5. b, supra).

The regular time ( = stato tempore):

signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:

cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;

tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:

omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —

The right or proper time:

salictum suo tempore caedito,

Cato, R. R. 33:

cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,

the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,

exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,

id. Sen. 23, 85:

Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:

si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,

Liv. 4, 7, 6:

Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,

Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:

quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!

Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:

de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,

Quint. 2, 4, 21. —

Suo loco = at the proper place:

quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:

quod reddetur suo loco,

Quint. 11, 1, 16:

ut suo loco dicetur,

Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:

inscripta quae suis locis reddam,

id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —

Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:

in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,

Cato, R. R. 7:

siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,

at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:

in partes suas digerenda causa,

Quint. 11, 1, 6:

confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —

Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).

Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —

Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:

Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,

retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:

urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,

id. 38, 9, 10. —

Of paternal authority.

Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:

quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,

Inst. 1, 48:

sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,

Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:

liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,

id. ib. 10, 1:

morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,

id. ib. 10, 2:

patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,

Dig. 1, 6, 4:

si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,

Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —

With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,

Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:

pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,

Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:

homo sui juris,

ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:

sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:

non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,

id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —

Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:

CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 156:

(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,

ib. 2, 135:

alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,

ib. 3, 15:

datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),

ib. 3, 41:

sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,

Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:

accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,

id. ib. 22, 17. —

Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,

Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.

In particular connections.

With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).

Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,

A subjectnom.:

(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,

by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?

by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

ruit ipse suis cladibus,

id. ib. 14, 3, 8:

si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:

qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,

id. Cael. 5, 11:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,

Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:

ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,

id. 40, 5, 1:

respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,

id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—

A subject-acc.:

sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,

Liv. 1, 11, 9:

(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,

id. 2, 44, 2.—

An object in dat. or acc.:

sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,

Liv. 6, 36, 4:

alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,

id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):

aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,

their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—

With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;

post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,

Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:

tuo ipsius studio,

Cic. Mur. 4, 9:

tuam ipsius amicitiam,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—

Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:

suamet ipsa scelera,

Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):

suismet ipsis corporibus,

Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):

a suismet ipsis praesidiis,

id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—

With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.

Quisque and suus in different cases.

Quisque as subjectnom.:

sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,

Lucr. 5, 1033:

suo quisque loco cubet,

Cato, R. R. 5:

suum quisque noscat ingenium,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:

ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,

id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:

quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,

id. Mil. 10, 29:

cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 51:

celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,

id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):

nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,

Lucr. 4, 522:

ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,

that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:

hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,

id. 6, 15, 3:

ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,

id. 1, 24, 2:

stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,

id. 44, 38, 11:

(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,

id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:

in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,

Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:

omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,

Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,

id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—

With acc. of quisque as subj.:

fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,

Cic. Balb. 13, 31:

recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,

Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:

se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,

id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—

As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:

sua cujusque animantis natura est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:

sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,

id. Pis. 20, 46:

sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:

suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,

id. Off. 3, 6, 30:

ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:

ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,

id. 26, 8, 11:

animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,

id. 22, 5, 8:

tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,

id. 44, 39, 5:

suus cuique (stellae) color est,

Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:

trahit sua quemque voluptas,

Verg. E. 2, 65:

stat sua cuique dies,

id. A. 10, 467.—

As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):

opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,

Liv. 6, 12, 3.—

As adjunct of subj.-acc.:

suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,

id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—

As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:

ut suo quemque appellem nomine,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:

placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:

ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,

id. Off. 1, 33, 119:

justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,

id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:

in tribuendo suum cuique,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,

Liv. 1, 52, 4:

in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,

Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:

certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,

Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:

Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,

Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—

Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.

Attraction of suus:

ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),

id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:

eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),

Liv. 45, 29, 10:

equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),

id. 3, 22, 6:

cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,

id. 25, 17, 5:

legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),

Tac. A. 14, 27:

quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,

Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):

sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),

Col. 3, 1;

and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),

Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —

Attraction of quisque:

tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):

quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,

Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:

cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,

Varr. L. L. 10, 48:

in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,

id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:

separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),

Liv. 24, 3, 5:

ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),

Suet. Aug. 40;

and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;

so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),

each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

suo quoque loco,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:

opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,

Col. 11, 3:

suo quoque tempore,

Vitr. 2, 9, 4:

nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),

Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:

ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,

ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—

In the order quisque... suus.

In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:

ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.

with sibi,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:

expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,

id. Off. 1, 31, 113:

neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,

Liv. 32, 19, 9:

gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,

id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:

in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—

If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:

in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,

Liv. 21, 48, 2:

in patriam quisque suam remissus est,

Just. 33, 2, 8:

in vestigio quemque suo vidit,

Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:

hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,

id. 33, 45, 6:

pro facultatibus quisque suis,

id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:

respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,

Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:

praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,

id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:

tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,

id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:

summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—

Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:

oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,

Ov. F. 2, 715. —

When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:

atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —

Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:

suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:

ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:

cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,

Liv. 1, 25, 1:

ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,

id. 21, 29, 5:

utraque (lex) sua via it,

Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.

uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,

Liv. 26, 48, 6.—

With sibi.

Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):

reddam suum sibi,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,

for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;

I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.

the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,

Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—

With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):

quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:

eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,

id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—

With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:

quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,

that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:

qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,

id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:

unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—

With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:

postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,

to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,

id. Sest. 5, 12:

qua gravitate sua,

id. ib. 61, 129:

suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,

that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:

in istum civem suum,

against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:

cum illo suo pari,

id. Pis. 8, 18:

te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?

id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:

dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,

for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:

non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,

by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:

nullo suo merito,

from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:

ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

With descriptive adjj.

Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):

suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,

Cic. Pis. 31, 76:

causam sui dementissimi consilii,

id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:

suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,

id. ib. 11, 3, 8:

suis amplissimis fortunis,

id. ib. 13, 8, 16:

suum pristinum morem,

id. Pis. 12, 27:

suis lenissimis postulatis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—

Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):

pro eximiis suis beneficiis,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

propter summam suam humanitatem,

id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:

ex praeteritis suis officiis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 60:

Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,

id. ib. 3, 76.—

After adj. and noun:

veterem amicum suum excepit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,

id. Sest. 54, 116.—

Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):

neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),

Sall. C. 51, 11; so,

neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,

Liv. 29, 9, 9:

ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),

Cic. Balb. 14, 32:

suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),

Tac. A. 3, 16; so,

nulla sua invidia,

Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—

Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:

si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,

Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—

Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.

By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:

quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:

ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ferri suopte pondere,

id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:

suapte natura,

id. Fat. 18, 42:

suapte vi et natura,

id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:

suopte ingenio,

Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:

suapte manu,

Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:

locus suapte natura infestus,

Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,

suapte natura,

id. 4, 22, 4:

flumina suapte natura vasta,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:

sponte suapte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—

With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):

suomet ipsi more,

Sall. J. 31, 6:

suomet ipsi instrumento,

Liv. 22, 14, 13:

suomet ipsi metu,

Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:

suamet ipsum pecunia,

Sall. J. 8, 2:

suamet ipsae fraude,

Liv. 8, 18, 9:

intra suamet ipsum moenia,

id. 6, 36, 4:

suismet ipsi praesidiis,

id. 8, 25, 6:

suismet ipsis corporibus,

id. 2, 19, 5:

suosmet ipsi cives,

id. 2, 9, 5:

suasmet ipse spes,

Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:

populum suimet sanguinis mercede,

Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:

magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,

id. ib. 2, 52 ib.

sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;

so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.

Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).

With antecedent in the same sentence.

The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.

His:

Caesar copias suas divisit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 97:

ille in sua sententia perseverat,

id. ib. 1, 72:

tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,

id. ib. 2, 37:

cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,

Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:

cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?

id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:

Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,

Liv. 26, 40, 7:

imperat princeps civibus suis,

Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:

nemo rem suam emit,

id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—

Her:

mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:

utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,

id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

si nunc facere volt era officium suom,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:

ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,

Cic. Cael. 32, 78:

si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,

id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—

Its:

omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,

id. Planc. 40, 95.—

Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:

mittent aliquem de suo numero,

id. ib. 11, 10, 25:

rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:

qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:

edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,

id. Sest. 14, 32:

suis finibus eos prohibent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;

and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,

some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—

With a subject-clause as antecedent:

id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:

ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

id. 3, 62, 1:

secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,

id. 35, 14, 4. —

With subject-acc. as antecedent:

hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,

Cic. Planc. 19, 47:

cupio eum suae causae confidere,

id. Sest. 64, 135:

suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,

id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

With object-acc. as antecedent.

Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):

hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,

he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:

hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,

id. Sest. 68, 142:

Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

illum ulciscentur mores sui,

id. Att. 9, 12, 2:

quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,

id. Or. 1, 14:

utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,

Liv. 1, 7, 1:

quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,

id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:

quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,

id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:

consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,

Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:

quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?

Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:

sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,

id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:

ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,

Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —

With impers. verbs:

sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,

id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:

jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,

Liv. 10, 7, 8:

militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,

id. 22, 12, 10.—

As adjunct of other members of the sentence:

ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,

Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:

totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:

Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,

Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:

introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,

Sall. C. 28, 1:

suis flammis delete Fidenas,

i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:

suo igni involvit hostes,

Tac. A. 14, 30:

quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?

Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.

with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—

With dat. as antecedent.

As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):

suus rex reginae placet,

a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:

ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:

Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?

Cic. Sull. 2, 7:

si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:

cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?

id. Planc. 33, 81:

haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:

Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,

Liv. 21, 50, 4:

sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,

id. 42, 50, 7:

Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,

id. 8, 14, 2:

vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,

Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:

nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,

id. Ep. 115, 17:

labor illi suus restitutus est,

id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:

magnitudo sua singulis constat,

id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:

tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,

id. Ep. 53, 11. —

With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—

Of other words:

regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:

mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:

ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,

id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:

nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,

id. 39, 37, 6:

Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,

id. 25, 3, 5.—

With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:

nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,

id. Att. 14, 13, 12:

suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,

the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:

cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,

Liv. 22, 42, 12:

nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,

Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:

Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,

Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:

in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:

operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):

(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—

With predic. nom. as antecedent:

sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,

Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—

With appositive noun.

With gram. subject as antecedent:

hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,

id. Mil. 9, 25:

(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,

id. Planc. 11, 27:

ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,

id. Balb. 21, 49:

ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,

id. Lig. 4, 11:

Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—

With object as antecedent:

Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:

tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,

id. Lig. 12, 36:

Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,

Liv. 22, 34, 2.—

With appositive noun as antecedent:

si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,

Liv. 6, 34, 5:

C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,

Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—

In participial clauses.

The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:

credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,

id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:

stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,

Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:

manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),

Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:

et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,

Liv. 22, 60, 9:

quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—

The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:

sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:

hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:

ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,

Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:

Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,

Liv. 25, 15, 1:

(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,

id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—

The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:

M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,

Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:

si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:

ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),

Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.

with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,

id. 7, 29, 7.—

In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:

mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—

With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:

cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,

id. Sest. 23, 51:

nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—

With antecedent dependent on the gerund:

eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—

As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:

magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?

Cic. Mil. 15, 40:

neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,

his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:

Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,

id. Off. 3, 23, 90:

sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,

id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:

totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,

id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.

Without gram. antec., one ' s, one ' s own.

Dependent on subject-inff.:

ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,

Cic. Mur. 7, 16:

siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,

id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:

contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,

id. Par. 6, 51:

ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23:

detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24:

suis exemplis melius est uti,

Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:

levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,

Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;

29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:

quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?

id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:

cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,

id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:

Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—