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1 liable
['laɪəbl]1) (likely)2) (prone)to be liable to — essere passibile di [fine, prosecution]
to be liable for o to tax essere tassabile, essere soggetto a tassazione; to be liable for military service essere soggetto agli obblighi del servizio militare, essere di leva; to be liable for sb.'s debts rispondere dei debiti di qcn.; liable for damages — responsabile dei danni
* * *1) ((with to) tending to have, get, suffer from etc: This road is liable to flooding; He is liable to pneumonia.) soggetto a2) (possibly or probably about (to do something or to happen): Watch the milk - it's liable to boil over.) possibile, probabile3) (legally responsible (for): The airline is liable to you for any damage to your luggage.) responsabile4) (likely to get (a fine, a punishment): Do not litter! Offenders are liable to fines of up to $100.) passibile, punibile•* * *liable /ˈlaɪəbl/a.1 (leg.) responsabile (di); obbligato (a); tenuto (a): I am not liable for your debts, non sono responsabile dei (o tenuto a pagare i) tuoi debiti4 possibile; probabile: The bomb is liable to explode any minute, è possibile che la bomba esploda (o la bomba può scoppiare) da un momento all'altro● (fin.) liable to audit, soggetto a revisione contabile, verificabile □ (leg.) liable to deferment, prorogabile □ ( sport) liable to disqualification, passibile di squalifica □ liable to a fine, passibile di multa.* * *['laɪəbl]1) (likely)2) (prone)to be liable to — essere passibile di [fine, prosecution]
to be liable for o to tax essere tassabile, essere soggetto a tassazione; to be liable for military service essere soggetto agli obblighi del servizio militare, essere di leva; to be liable for sb.'s debts rispondere dei debiti di qcn.; liable for damages — responsabile dei danni
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2 liable
liable [ˈlaɪəbl]a. to be liable to do sth ( = be likely to) avoir des chances de faire qch ; ( = risk) risquer de faire qchb. ( = subject) to be liable to sth être sujet à qch• to be liable to imprisonment/a fine être passible d'emprisonnement/d'une amendec. ( = legally responsible) (civilement) responsable (for sb/sth de qn/qch)* * *['laɪəbl]1) ( likely)it's liable to rain — il risque de pleuvoir, il se peut qu'il pleuve
2) ( prone)3) ( legally subject)to be liable to — être passible de [fine, prosecution]
to be liable for ou to tax — [person, company] être imposable; [goods] être soumis à l'impôt
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3 liable
1 ( likely) to be liable to do risquer de faire ; to be liable to win/to get arrested risquer de gagner/de se faire arrêter ; it's liable to rain il risque de pleuvoir, il se peut qu'il pleuve ;2 ( prone) to be liable to [person] être sujet/-ette à [illness etc] ; [thing] être susceptible à ; she is liable to colds/fits elle est sujette aux rhumes/aux crises ; the contract is liable to changes le contrat peut faire l'objet de modifications ; to be liable to postponement at short notice être susceptible d'être ajourné à la dernière minute ;3 ( legally subject) to be liable to être passible de [fine, prosecution] ; to be liable for ou to duty être assujetti à des droits ; to be liable for ou to tax [person, company] être imposable ; [goods, property] être soumis à l'impôt ; to be liable for military service être astreint au service militaire ;4 Jur ( answerable) civilement responsable (for de) ; to be liable for sb's debts répondre des dettes de qn ; liable for damages tenu de payer des dommages et intérêts. -
4 be
be a threat to a country's economic independence — становити (собою) загрозу економічній незалежності країни, загрожувати економічній незалежності держави
be a threat to a country's sovereignty — становити (собою) загрозу національному суверенітету, загрожувати національному суверенітету
be abdicant of responsibilities — знімати з себе відповідальність; нехтувати своїми обов'язками
be appointed with the advice and consent — (of Parliament, etc.) призначатися за рекомендацією і згодою ( парламенту тощо)
be arrested while in attendance — бути заарештованим за порушення парламентського імунітету під час присутності ( на засіданні законодавчого органу), підлягати арешту на засіданні законодавчого органу
be brought to punishment for crime — = be brought to punishment for one's crime понести покарання за злочин
be brought to punishment for one's crime — = be brought to punishment for crime
be called as a witness for the defence — = be called as a witness for the defense викликатися в якості свідка захисту
be called as a witness for the defense — = be called as a witness for the defence
be disqualified from membership — ( of parliament) лишитися місця ( у парламенті) (про особу), не мати права бути членом ( парламенту)
be elected on the second ballot — = be elected on the second balloting бути обраним у другому турі виборів
be elected on the second balloting — = be elected on the second ballot
be engaged in activities that may endanger national security — займатися діяльність, що становить небезпеку для національної безпеки
be engaged in criminal activity — = be engaged in criminal activities займатися злочинною діяльністю
be engaged in criminal activities — = be engaged in criminal activity
be exempt from the jurisdiction of the receiving state — не підпадати під юрисдикцію держави-господаря
be involved in criminal activity — = be involved in criminal activities займатися злочинною діяльністю
be involved in criminal activities — = be involved in criminal activity
be of a recommendatory character — = be of a recommendatory nature мати рекомендаційний характер
be put in double jeopardy for the same offence — = be put in double jeopardy for the same offense судити двічі за один і той же злочин ( про злочинця)
be put in double jeopardy for the same offense — = be put in double jeopardy for the same offence
be released on an undertaking not to leave — ( a city) звільнятися під підписку про невиїзд ( з міста)
be subject to arbitrary judgement — = be subject to arbitrary judgment піддаватися довільному засудженню
be subject to arbitrary judgment — = be subject to arbitrary judgement
be subject to close control by legislation — = be subject to close control by legislation the courts підлягати суворому контролю з боку законодавчого органу (судів)
be subject to close control by legislation the courts — = be subject to close control by legislation
be subject to mandatory retirement at a fixed age — підлягати обов'язковому виходу у відставку (на пенсію) після досягнення визначеного віку
be subject to the discretion of the court — вирішуватися судом; віддаватися на розсуд суду
be tried twice for the same offence — = be tried twice for the same offence offense судити двічі за один і той же злочин ( про злочинця)
- be brought before a courtbe tried twice for the same offence offense — = be tried twice for the same offence
- be brought before a magistrate
- be effective as law
- be punished on an indictment
- be shaken on cross-examination
- be a fugitive from justice
- be a judge
- be a lawyer
- be a party to a crime
- be a representative
- be a violation
- be about to commit an offence
- be about to commit an offense
- be above the law
- be absent
- be absent from court
- be absent from duty
- be absent from work
- be accountable
- be accused
- be accused of bribe-taking
- be accused of high treason
- be actionable
- be actionable on proof
- be admitted to bail
- be admitted to citizenship
- be admitted to the bar
- be affixed
- be allowed as evidence
- be allowed in evidence
- be ambushed
- be answerable
- be appointed by the president
- be appointed a judge
- be approved by the legislature
- be armed
- be arrested en masse
- be at fault
- be at law
- be at quarrel
- be at the Bar
- be at the crime scene
- be at war
- be authorized by the situation
- be aware
- be aware of a risk
- be aware of one's rights
- be aware of the crime
- be based
- be behind bars
- be beneath one's dignity
- be biased
- be booked for speeding
- be born in lawful wedlock
- be brought to court for trial
- be brought up
- be brought up to one's trial
- be called to the Bar
- be called upon to testify
- be cast in lawsuit
- be censored
- be chairman
- be chairwoman
- be charged
- be charged on the article
- be charged with high treason
- be confirmed
- be considered an authority
- be constitutionally based
- be convicted of murder
- be criminally liable
- be debated
- be deemed harmful to health
- be defeated in elections
- be defined by law
- be deprived
- be deprived of legal validity
- be deprived of privileges
- be detained in one's home
- be discussed
- be dislocated
- be dispossessed
- be divorced
- be down for a speech
- be educated
- be educated in law
- be elected
- be elected by direct ballot
- be elected for a second term
- be elected President
- be eligible
- be eligible for an amnesty
- be eligible for consideration
- be engaged
- be engaged in prostitution
- be entangled by intrigue
- be entitled
- be entitled to an attorney
- be entitled to benefit
- be entitled to speak and vote
- be equal before the law
- be equal in rights
- be equally authentic
- be exact in one's payments
- be exempt from control
- be exempted from taxation
- be expert with a revolver
- be fined for speeding
- be found guilty
- be found guilty on all counts
- be found not guilty
- be free from forced marriage
- be given a clearance
- be given security clearance
- be governed
- be guaranteed against loss
- be guided
- be guilty
- be guilty of murder
- be head
- be heard by counsel
- be heard in one's defence
- be heard in one's defense
- be heavily taxed
- be held legally responsible
- be held liable
- be high on drugs
- be hurtful to the health
- be ignorant
- be immune
- be immune from attachment
- be immune from execution
- be immune from jurisdiction
- be immune from prosecution
- be immune from requisition
- be immune from search
- be implicated in a case
- be implicated in a crime
- be in a mora
- be in abeyance
- be in accordance with the law
- be in arrear
- be in arrears
- be in breach
- be in charge
- be in charge of a department
- be in conference
- be in continuous session
- be in control of one's actions
- be in control of the territory
- be in custody
- be in debt
- be in default
- be in dispute
- be in exile
- be in foster care
- be in hiding
- be in hock
- be in jail
- be in jeopardy
- be in office
- be in on a racket
- be in possession
- be in power
- be in prison
- be in protest
- be in session
- be in the chair
- be in the clear
- be in the committee
- be in the dock
- be in the majority
- be in the minority
- be in the possession
- be in trouble
- be in trouble with the law
- be inaugurated as president
- be incited
- be included in a commission
- be included in the amnesty
- be innocent of the crime
- be inspired
- be instigated
- be instructed in law
- be interdicted by law
- be involved
- be implicated in a case
- be implicated in the crime
- be legally entitled
- be legally obligated
- be legally responsible
- be levied with a tax
- be liable
- be liable to smth.
- be liable civilly
- be liable criminally
- be liable for confiscation
- be liable for punishment
- be liable for tax
- be liable to prosecution
- be made known
- be made widely known
- be morally bankrupt
- be number one on the hit list
- be of a recommendatory nature
- be of counsel
- be of full age
- be of legal age
- be of little legal consequence
- be of provocative character
- be on a death row
- be on a tour of inspection
- be on all fours
- be on charge
- be on duty
- be on leave
- be on one's trail
- be on patrol
- be on picket
- be on remand
- be on the downward path
- be on the floor
- be on the force
- be on the run
- be on the staff
- be on the stakeout
- be on the take
- be on the track
- be on the wanted circular
- be on the wanted list
- be operating illegally
- be out of court
- be out of it
- be out of uniform
- be out of work
- be out
- be outlawed
- be outside the reference
- be outvoted
- be persecuted
- be personally liable
- be placed in the dock
- be placed into the dock
- be placed under surveillance
- be popularly elected
- be prejudiced
- be present at the death
- be present at the hearing
- be privately owned
- be privileged from arrest
- be proctorized
- be prohibited by law
- be proscribed by law
- be prosecutable by law
- be prosecuted
- be proxy
- be pulled in for speeding
- be punishable
- be put in the dock
- be put into the dock
- be put on parole
- be put on trial
- be qualified for membership
- be raised to the bench
- be re-elected
- be received in audience
- be regulated
- be rehabilitated
- be released at large
- be released from prison
- be remiss in duties
- be responsible
- be rounded up
- be seised of an issue
- be sent on an embassy
- be sentenced to death
- be sentenced to life
- be served with a summons
- be sought for murder
- be steeped in crime
- be struck off the list
- be struck off the records
- be subject
- be subject to a rule
- be subject to an interception
- be subject to call
- be subject to control
- be subject to law
- be subject to licence
- be subject to license
- be subject to limitations
- be subject to penalty
- be subject to punishment
- be subject to qualifications
- be subject to ratification
- be subject to review
- be subject to sanction
- be subject to the supervision
- be subject to torture
- be subjected to censorship
- be subjected to discrimination
- be subjected to interrogation
- be subjected to penalty
- be subjected to persecution
- be subjected to reprisals
- be subjected to repressions
- be subjected to victimization
- be subordinate only to the law
- be subversive of discipline
- be sued
- be sued civilly
- be suspected
- be taxed
- be tortured to death
- be trained in law
- be trapped
- be treated as a crime
- be tried
- be under cognizance
- be under a ban
- be under a cloud
- be under a suspicion
- be under accusation
- be under age
- be under an accusation
- be under arrest
- be under constant surveillance
- be under debate
- be under discussion
- be under examination
- be under indictment
- be under investigation
- be under legal age
- be under surveillance
- be under suspicion
- be under the control
- be under the effect of alcohol
- be under the jurisdiction
- be unopposed in the election
- be unopposed in the elections
- be valid
- be valid for a certain period
- be vested in the people
- be vicariously liable
- be victimized
- be well versed in law
- be widely defined
- be within cognizance
- be without appeal
- be without further appeal
- be wrong -
5 speak
spi:k гл.;
прош. вр. - spoke, уст. - spake;
прич. прош. вр. - spoken
1) говорить, разговаривать;
изъясняться, выражаться, выражать свою мысль to speak bluntly, candidly, frankly ≈ говорить резко, открыто, откровенно to speak coherently ≈ говорить логично, связно to speak correctly ≈ говорить правильно to speak fluently ≈ говорить бегло, свободно to speak glibly ≈ говорить убедительно to speak incorrectly ≈ говорить неправильно to speak irresponsibly ≈ говорить легкомысленно, безответственно to speak loudly ≈ говорить громко to speak openly ≈ говорить открыто to speak politely ≈ вежливо разговаривать to speak quickly, rapidly ≈ говорить быстро to speak quietly, softly ≈ говорить спокойно, мягко to speak responsibly ≈ говорить со всей ответственностью to speak rudely ≈ грубо разговаривать to speak slowly ≈ говорить медленно The baby is learning to speak. ≈ Ребенок учится говорить. English is spoken here. ≈ Здесь говорят по-английски. Dixon speaking. ≈ Диксон у телефона.
2) сказать;
высказывать(ся) ;
отзываться( о чем-л., о ком-л.) to speak ill/evil of smb. ≈ дурно отзываться о ком-л. speak for oneself Syn: say
3) произносить речь, выступать( на собрании)
4) говорить, свидетельствовать
5) а) издавать характерный звук, звучать( о музыкальных инструментах, орудиях), "вести беседу" б) мор. окликать;
переговариваться с другим судном (при помощи гудков, сигналов и т.д.) ∙ speak at speak for speak small speak of speak out speak to speak up speak well for speak with so to speak говорить - the baby is learning to * ребенок учится говорить - he can * now теперь он может говорить - Smith *ing говорит Смит, Смит у телефона - *ing! (я) у телефона!;
это я! - he spoke at last наконец он заговорил - did you *, sir? вы что-то сказали, сэр? - neither of us could * никто из нас не мог вымолвить ни слова - she didn't * a word она не проронила ни слова - * the word! ну, говори же! - for some moments not a word was spoken несколько мгновений царило молчание - a word fitly spoken слово, сказанное к месту изъясняться, объясняться, говорить - to * several language говорить на нескольких языках - to * English (уметь) говорить по-английски, знать английский язык - to * through an interpreter говорить через переводчика - to * by signs объясняться жестами - the Japanese delegate spoke in English японский представитель говорил по-английски (of) упоминать - to * of (обыкн. с отрицанием) заслуживать упоминания - she has hardly any voice to * of о ее голосе не стоит и говорить, у нее почти нет голоса - it is nothing to * of об этом не стоит и говорить, это не имеет значения;
ничего стоящего внимания, серьезного - not to * of не говоря уже о - I cannot afford a silver watch, not to * of a gold one у меня нет денег на серебряные часы, не говоря уже о золотых - the gentleman spoken of джентльмен, о котором идет речь - her late husband was never spoken about in her presence в ее прсутствии никогда не упоминали о ее покойном муже разговаривать - I know him to * to я знаю его достаточно, чтобы поговорить с ним;
у меня с ним шапочное знакомство - we had spoken with them before мы уже раньше с ними переговорили - they didn't * for a fortnight они не разговаривали друг с другом две недели - she spoke with him for an hour она проговорила с ним целый час - don't * until you are spoken to не заговаривай, пока к тебе не обратятся (to) поговорить, переговорить (с кем-либо) ;
обратиться к кому-либо с упреком, просьбой - I'll * to him about it я с ним об этом поговорю (to) выговаривать кому-либо произносить - to * through the nose говорить в нос - the actor *s his part well актер хорошо подает текст роли - how she spoke the word! как она произнесла это слово!, как она это сказала! - I can hardly * these words я с трудом могу выговорить эти слова выражаться - to * plainly попросту говоря - as they * как говорится - so to * так сказать;
если можно так выразиться - broadly *ing вообще говоря, в общем - metaphorically *ing выражаясь метафорически - properly *ing по сути дела, собственно говоря;
если называть вещи своими именами - strictly *ing строго говоря - honestly *ing честно говоря - legally *ing с юридической точки зрения - he *s with clarity он выражается ясно (тж. * out, * up) высказываться, выражать мнение;
выступать - to * at a meeting выступить на собрании - to * in public выступать публично - to * to an audience обратиться с речью к собравшимся - to * up for truth and justice поднять голос в защиту истины и справедливости - to * definitely высказаться со всей определенностью - to * against smb., smth. высказываться против ког-либо, чего-либо - I ask to * прошу слова - since I am *ing поскольку мне предоставлено слово - he spoke to the club on gardening он произнес в клубе речь о садоводстве - to * to a point выступить по какому-либо пункту - * to the point! говорите по существу! - this was a measure against which he had spoken vigorously как раз против этой меры он энергично выступал - he spoke to the same effect он высказался в том же смысле - the law *s to the same effect в законе говорится о том же выражать, высказывать - to * (out) one's mind высказаться откровенно;
открыто высказывать свое мнение - to * the truth (aloud) говорить правду (вслух) - to * one's thoughts( aloud) высказывать свои мысли (вслух) - he *s persuasively он убедительно высказывает свою точку зрения - the portrait *s портрет очень выразителен, он на портрете как живой( for) выражать чье-либо мнение;
говорить вместо или от имени ког-либо - to * for smb. говорить за ког-либо;
представлять кого-либо;
выражать чье-либо мнение - he spoke for the whole group он выступал от лица всей группы - writers * for their age писатели выражают свое время (to) (парламентское) делать заявление( по какому-либо вопросу) - he spoke to this question for some time он сделал пространное заявление по этому поводу - to * to an objection выступить с ответом на возражение( for) высказываться в пользу( чего-либо) - to * for smb. высказаться в защиту кого-либо;
замолвить словечко за кого-либо - certain MPs spoke for cuts in the war budget некоторые члены парламента высказались за сокращение военного бюджета - the company's quarterly returns * for themselves квартальный отчет компании говороит сам за себя (of) отзываться, характеризовать - to * well of smb. хорошо отзываться о ком-либо - to * kindly of smb. говорить о ком-либо с нежностью - to * evil of smb. распространять о ком-либо гнусные слухи (тж. for, to, of) свидетельствовать (очем-либо), служить свидетельством (чего-либо) ;
говорить (о чем-либо) - to * volumes for smth. убедительно свидетельствовать о чем-либо - everything in the house *s of refined taste все в доме говорит о хорошем вкусе - his services * for him его заслуги говорят за него - actions * louder than words дела убедительнее слов - the fact *s for itself этот факт говорит сам за себя;
это очевидный факт - his countenance spoke regret на лице его выразилось сожаление - his manners * well of his upbringing его манеры свидетельствуют о хорошем воспитании подтверждать, служить подтверждением или доказательством;
говорить в пользу (чего-либо) - to * to the truth of the statement подтвеодить правильность данного заявления воздействовать - music *s directly to the emotions музыка непосредственно действует на чувства - nature *s to us throughout senses природа воздействует на нас через ощущения (at) намекать( на что-либо) - to * at smb. намекать на кого-либо - he addressed his wife but he spoke at me он говорил с женой, но слова его были обращены ко мне - don't * at me, please! нельзя ли без намеков?, говорите прямо! (for) заказывать;
требовать - the goods are spoken for товар заказан - the boy spoke for the remaining piece of pie мальчик попросил дать ему оставшийся кусок пирога здороваться, приветствовать - I must go and * to the hostess я должен пойти и поздороваться с хозяйкой грохотать, греметь( об орудиях) - the guns spoke заговорили пушки - the rifles have spoken затрещали винтовочные выстрелы - all at once the thunder spoke вдруг загремел гром звучать (о музыкальных инструментах) возвещать звуками (морское) окликать друг друга, обмениваться сигналами (о судах) - we spoke a whaler on the fourth day at sea на чевертый день плавания мы обменялись приветствиями с китобойным судном (охота) подавать голос( о собаке) > to * like a book говорить как по писаному;
говорить очень авторитетно > to * by the book говорить с полным знанием дела > to * by... судя по... > to * one's piece (американизм) (сленг) выложить все;
жаловаться;
ныть, скулить;
сделать предложение руки и сердца > go ahead and * your piece! давай выкладывай! ~ (spoke, уст. spake;
spoken) говорить, разговаривать, изъясняться;
the baby is learning to speak ребенок учится говорить English is spoken here здесь говорят по-английски;
Dixon speaking Диксон у телефона English is spoken here здесь говорят по-английски;
Dixon speaking Диксон у телефона speak говорить, свидетельствовать;
the facts speak for themselves факты говорят сами за себя;
this speaks him generous это говорит о его щедрости legally speaking с юридической точки зрения;
strictly speaking строго говоря;
generally speaking вообще говоря;
roughly speaking приблизительно, примерно speaking: generally ~ вообще говоря legally speaking с юридической точки зрения;
strictly speaking строго говоря;
generally speaking вообще говоря;
roughly speaking приблизительно, примерно to ~ well for говорить в пользу;
speak of упоминать;
nothing to speak of сущий пустяк ~ up высказаться;
so to speak так сказать speak говорить, свидетельствовать;
the facts speak for themselves факты говорят сами за себя;
this speaks him generous это говорит о его щедрости ~ (spoke, уст. spake;
spoken) говорить, разговаривать, изъясняться;
the baby is learning to speak ребенок учится говорить ~ звучать (о музыкальных инструментах, орудиях) ~ мор. окликать;
переговариваться с другим судном;
speak at выговаривать (кому-л.) ~ произносить речь, выступать (на собрании) ;
speak to the subject! не отклоняйтесь от темы! ~ сказать;
высказывать(ся) ;
отзываться;
to speak the truth говорить правду ~ мор. окликать;
переговариваться с другим судном;
speak at выговаривать (кому-л.) ~ for говорить за (или от лица) (кого-л.) to ~ for oneself говорить за себя;
speak for yourself не говорите за других, не приписывайте другим ваших мнений to ~ for oneself говорить о собственных чувствах to ~ for oneself говорить за себя;
speak for yourself не говорите за других, не приписывайте другим ваших мнений to ~ ill (или evil) (of smb.) дурно отзываться (о ком-л.) ;
to speak the word выразить желание to ~ well for говорить в пользу;
speak of упоминать;
nothing to speak of сущий пустяк ~ out высказываться ~ out говорить громко ~ сказать;
высказывать(ся) ;
отзываться;
to speak the truth говорить правду to ~ ill (или evil) (of smb.) дурно отзываться (о ком-л.) ;
to speak the word выразить желание ~ to обращаться( к кому-л.), говорить (с кем-л.) ~ to подтверждать (что-л.) ~ произносить речь, выступать (на собрании) ;
speak to the subject! не отклоняйтесь от темы! ~ up высказаться;
so to speak так сказать ~ up говорить громко и отчетливо to ~ well for говорить в пользу;
speak of упоминать;
nothing to speak of сущий пустяк legally speaking с юридической точки зрения;
strictly speaking строго говоря;
generally speaking вообще говоря;
roughly speaking приблизительно, примерно speak говорить, свидетельствовать;
the facts speak for themselves факты говорят сами за себя;
this speaks him generous это говорит о его щедрости -
6 minor
1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) mindre2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.) bifag2. verb((American) to study something as a minor subject: He is minoring in French.) tage bifagseksamen3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) mindreårig- minority- be in the minority* * *1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) mindre2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.) bifag2. verb((American) to study something as a minor subject: He is minoring in French.) tage bifagseksamen3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) mindreårig- minority- be in the minority -
7 speak
[spi:k]speak (spoke, уст. spake; spoken) говорить, разговаривать, изъясняться; the baby is learning to speak ребенок учится говорить English is spoken here здесь говорят по-английски; Dixon speaking Диксон у телефона English is spoken here здесь говорят по-английски; Dixon speaking Диксон у телефона speak говорить, свидетельствовать; the facts speak for themselves факты говорят сами за себя; this speaks him generous это говорит о его щедрости legally speaking с юридической точки зрения; strictly speaking строго говоря; generally speaking вообще говоря; roughly speaking приблизительно, примерно speaking: generally speak вообще говоря legally speaking с юридической точки зрения; strictly speaking строго говоря; generally speaking вообще говоря; roughly speaking приблизительно, примерно to speak well for говорить в пользу; speak of упоминать; nothing to speak of сущий пустяк speak up высказаться; so to speak так сказать speak говорить, свидетельствовать; the facts speak for themselves факты говорят сами за себя; this speaks him generous это говорит о его щедрости speak (spoke, уст. spake; spoken) говорить, разговаривать, изъясняться; the baby is learning to speak ребенок учится говорить speak звучать (о музыкальных инструментах, орудиях) speak мор. окликать; переговариваться с другим судном; speak at выговаривать (кому-л.) speak произносить речь, выступать (на собрании); speak to the subject! не отклоняйтесь от темы! speak сказать; высказывать(ся); отзываться; to speak the truth говорить правду speak мор. окликать; переговариваться с другим судном; speak at выговаривать (кому-л.) speak for говорить за (или от лица) (кого-л.) to speak for oneself говорить за себя; speak for yourself не говорите за других, не приписывайте другим ваших мнений to speak for oneself говорить о собственных чувствах to speak for oneself говорить за себя; speak for yourself не говорите за других, не приписывайте другим ваших мнений to speak ill (или evil) (of smb.) дурно отзываться (о ком-л.); to speak the word выразить желание to speak well for говорить в пользу; speak of упоминать; nothing to speak of сущий пустяк speak out высказываться speak out говорить громко speak сказать; высказывать(ся); отзываться; to speak the truth говорить правду to speak ill (или evil) (of smb.) дурно отзываться (о ком-л.); to speak the word выразить желание speak to обращаться (к кому-л.), говорить (с кем-л.) speak to подтверждать (что-л.) speak произносить речь, выступать (на собрании); speak to the subject! не отклоняйтесь от темы! speak up высказаться; so to speak так сказать speak up говорить громко и отчетливо to speak well for говорить в пользу; speak of упоминать; nothing to speak of сущий пустяк legally speaking с юридической точки зрения; strictly speaking строго говоря; generally speaking вообще говоря; roughly speaking приблизительно, примерно speak говорить, свидетельствовать; the facts speak for themselves факты говорят сами за себя; this speaks him generous это говорит о его щедрости -
8 liable
predicative adjective1) (legally bound)be liable for something — für etwas haftbar sein od. haften
be liable to pay tax[es] — steuerpflichtig sein
2) (prone)be liable to something — [Sache:] leicht etwas haben; [Person:] zu etwas neigen
be liable to do something — [Sache:] leicht etwas tun; [Person:] dazu neigen, etwas zu tun
3) (likely)difficulties are liable to occur — mit Schwierigkeiten muss man rechnen
she is liable to change her mind — es kann durchaus sein, dass sie ihre Meinung ändert
it is liable to be cold there — im allgemeinen ist es dort kalt
* * *1) ((with to) tending to have, get, suffer from etc: This road is liable to flooding; He is liable to pneumonia.) neigend2) (possibly or probably about (to do something or to happen): Watch the milk - it's liable to boil over.) leicht etwas tun4) (likely to get (a fine, a punishment): Do not litter! Offenders are liable to fines of up to $100.)•- academic.ru/42681/liability">liability* * *lia·ble[ˈlaɪəbl̩]1. (likely)to be \liable to do sth Gefahr laufen, etw zu tunthere's been so little rain, the forest is \liable to go up in flames at any moment es hat so wenig geregnet, dass leicht ein Waldbrand entstehen kannthey're \liable to sack you if you complain about your salary sie werden dich feuern, wenn du dich wegen deines Gehalts beschwerstif you carry on like this, I'm \liable to lose my temper wenn du so weitermachst, werde ich noch die Geduld verlieren; (prone)to be \liable to sth anfällig für etw akk seinthe road is \liable to subsidence die Straße droht abzusinkenshe seems rather \liable to accidents, that girl dieses Mädchen scheint ziemlich unfallgefährdet zu seinto be \liable to asthma/colds für Asthma/Erkältungen anfällig seinto be \liable to flooding überschwemmungsgefährdet sein2. LAW haftbar\liable in one's own name selbstschuldnerischto be \liable for the costs of the trial für die Verfahrenskosten aufkommen müssento hold sb \liable [for sth] jdn [für etw akk] zur Verantwortung ziehen\liable to duty zollpflichtigto be \liable to a fine einer Geldstrafe unterliegento be \liable to tax steuerpflichtig sein* * *['laɪəbl]adj1)(= subject to)
to be liable for or to sth — einer Sache (dat) unterliegento be liable for tax (things) — besteuert werden; (income, person)
people earning over £X are liable for surtax — wer mehr als £ X verdient, unterliegt einer Zusatzsteuer or ist zusatzsteuerpflichtig
you'll make yourself liable to a heavy fine — Sie können zu einer hohen Geldstrafe verurteilt werden
2) (= prone to) anfällighe's always been liable to bronchitis — er war schon immer anfällig für Bronchitis
3)(= responsible)
to be liable — haften, haftbar seinto be liable for sth — für etw haftbar sein or haften, für etw aufkommen müssen
he is not legally liable to pay — er ist nicht gesetzlich verpflichtet zu zahlen
4)(= likely to)
to be liable to do sth (in future) — wahrscheinlich etw tun (werden); (habitually) dazu neigen, etw zu tunis he liable to come? — ist anzunehmen, dass er kommt?
he's liable to tell the police — es wäre ihm zuzutrauen, dass er es der Polizei meldet
if you don't write it down I'm liable to forget it — wenn Sie das nicht aufschreiben, kann es durchaus sein, dass ich es vergesse
I don't think it's liable to happen tonight — ich halte es für nicht wahrscheinlich, dass es heute Nacht passiert
any minute —
if you tell him that, he's liable to lose his temper — wenn Sie ihm das sagen, wird er wahrscheinlich wütend
* * *liable [ˈlaıəbl] adjfor für):be liable for haften für2. ausgesetzt, unterworfen ( beide:to sth einer Sache):be liable to sth einer Sache unterliegen;3. be liable to neigen zu, anfällig sein für:a) etwas gern oder leicht tun; dazu neigen, etwas zu tun,b) etwas wahrscheinlich tun:he is liable to come er kommt wahrscheinlich; es ist anzunehmen, dass er kommt;be liable to get excited sich leicht aufregen;we are all liable to make mistakes occasionally wir machen alle einmal einen Fehler;that is liable to happen das kann durchaus oder leicht passieren;difficulties are liable to occur mit Schwierigkeiten muss gerechnet werden* * *predicative adjectivebe liable for something — für etwas haftbar sein od. haften
be liable to pay tax[es] — steuerpflichtig sein
2) (prone)be liable to something — [Sache:] leicht etwas haben; [Person:] zu etwas neigen
be liable to do something — [Sache:] leicht etwas tun; [Person:] dazu neigen, etwas zu tun
3) (likely)she is liable to change her mind — es kann durchaus sein, dass sie ihre Meinung ändert
* * *adj.verantwortlich adj.verpflichtet adj. -
9 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
10 minor
I 1. ['maɪnə(r)]1) (not important) [artist, role] minore; [change, defect] piccolo2) (not serious) [ injury] lieve; [operation, surgery] piccolo3) mus. minore4) AE univ. [ subject] secondario5) BE scol.2.Jones minor — = il più giovane tra due studenti che si chiamano Jones
1) dir. minorenne m. e f.2) AE univ. materia f. complementareII ['maɪnə(r)]verbo intransitivo AE univ.to minor in sth. — scegliere qcs. come materia complementare
* * *1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) minore, secondario2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.) (materia secondaria studiata all'università)2. verb((American) to study something as a minor subject: He is minoring in French.) (studiare una materia secondaria all'università)3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) minore, minorenne- minority- be in the minority* * *I 1. ['maɪnə(r)]1) (not important) [artist, role] minore; [change, defect] piccolo2) (not serious) [ injury] lieve; [operation, surgery] piccolo3) mus. minore4) AE univ. [ subject] secondario5) BE scol.2.Jones minor — = il più giovane tra due studenti che si chiamano Jones
1) dir. minorenne m. e f.2) AE univ. materia f. complementareII ['maɪnə(r)]verbo intransitivo AE univ.to minor in sth. — scegliere qcs. come materia complementare
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11 speak
spi:kpast tense - spoke; verb1) (to say (words) or talk: He can't speak; He spoke a few words to us.) hablar2) ((often with to or (American) with) to talk or converse: Can I speak to/with you for a moment?; We spoke for hours about it.) hablar, conversar3) (to (be able to) talk in (a language): She speaks Russian.) hablar4) (to tell or make known (one's thoughts, the truth etc): I always speak my mind.) decir5) (to make a speech, address an audience: The Prime Minister spoke on unemployment.) pronunciar•- speaker- speaking
- spoken
- - spoken
- generally speaking
- speak for itself/themselves
- speak out
- speak up
- to speak of
speak vb hablarI can't hear you, could you speak a little louder? no te oigo, ¿podrías hablar más alto?tr[spiːk]1 (gen) hablar■ could you speak more slowly please? ¿podrías hablar más despacio, por favor?■ I need speak to you about next year's budget necesito hablar contigo acerca del presupuesto del año que viene■ they're not speaking (to each other) no se hablan, no se dirigen la palabra2 (make speech) pronunciar un discurso■ he spoke for/in favor of the motion habló en favor de la moción3 (on phone) hablar■ Laura speaking! ¡Laura al habla!■ can I speak to Karen please? ¿me puedes poner con Karen por favor?, ¿me pasas con Karen por favor?■ speaking! ¡al habla!, ¡soy yo!, ¡yo mismo,-a!1 (utter, say) decir2 (language) hablar■ do you speak English? ¿hablas inglés?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLgenerally/roughly speaking en términos generalespersonally speaking personalmenteso to speak por así decirlospeak for yourself! ¡eso lo dirás tú!, ¡eso lo dirás por ti!speak now or forever hold your peace hable ahora o guarde silencio para siempreto be nothing to speak of no ser nada especial, no ser nada del otro mundoto speak for itself/themselves ser evidente, hablar por sí solospeaking of... a propósito de...to speak ill of somebody / speak well of somebody hablar mal de alguien/hablar bien de alguiento speak in public hablar en públicoto speak in tongues hablar en lenguas desconocidasto speak one's mind hablar claro, hablar sin rodeosto speak out of turn hablar fuera de lugarto speak volumes decirlo todo1) talk: hablarto speak to someone: hablar con alguienwho's speaking?: ¿de parte de quien?so to speak: por así decirlo2)to speak out : hablar claramente3)to speak out against : denunciar4)to speak up : hablar en voz alta5)to speak up for : defenderspeak vt1) say: decirshe spoke her mind: habló con franqueza2) : hablar (un idioma)v.(§ p.,p.p.: spoke, spoken) = decir v.(§pres: digo, dices...) pret: dij-pp: dichofut/c: dir-•)• hablar v.• parlar v.spiːk
1.
1)a) ( say something) hablarsorry, did you speak? — perdón ¿dijiste algo? or ¿me hablaste?
to speak TO o (esp AmE) WITH somebody — hablar con alguien, hablarle a alguien
wake up Mark, speak to me! — Mark despierta, di algo!
they are not speaking (to each other) — no se hablan, no se dirigen la palabra
to speak OF something/somebody/-ING — hablar de algo/alguien/+ inf
you never spoke of this to anyone? — ¿nunca hablaste de esto con nadie?
they don't have much money to speak of — no tienen mucho dinero, que digamos
speaking personally, I think... — personalmente, creo que...
roughly/generally speaking — en términos generales
legally/morally speaking — desde el punto de vista legal/moral
b) ( on telephone)hello, Barbara Mason speaking... — buenas tardes, habla or (Esp tb) soy Barbara Mason
could I speak to Mrs Hodges, please? - speaking! — ¿podría hablar con la Sra. Hodges, por favor? - con ella (habla)
who's speaking, please? — ( to caller) ¿de parte de quien?; ( to person answering a call) ¿con quién hablo?
2) ( make speech) hablarto speak ON o ABOUT something — hablar acerca de or sobre algo
2.
vta) (say, declare)nobody spoke a word — nadie dijo nada, nadie abrió la boca (fam)
to speak one's mind o thoughts — hablar claro or con franqueza
to speak the truth — decir* la verdad
b) \<\<language\>\> hablardo you speak English? — ¿habla inglés?
Phrasal Verbs:- speak up[spiːk] (pt spoke) (pp spoken)1. VI1) hablarhave you spoken to him? — ¿has hablado con él?
did you speak? — ¿dijiste algo?
technically/biologically speaking — en términos técnicos/biológicos, desde el punto de vista técnico/biológico
•
I'll speak to him about it — (=discuss it with him) lo hablaré con él; (=point it out to him) se lo diré•
speaking as a student myself — hablando desde mi experiencia como estudiante•
we're not speaking — no nos hablamos•
speak now or forever hold your peace — hable ahora o guarde para siempre silencio•
he's very well spoken of — tiene buen nombre or buena famaspeaking of holidays... — a propósito de las vacaciones...
•
speaking personally... — en cuanto a mí..., yo por mi parte...•
roughly speaking — en términos generales•
so to speak — por decirlo así, por así decir•
to speak well of sb — hablar bien de algn2) (=make a speech, give one's opinion) hablarwhen the minister had spoken... — cuando terminó de hablar el ministro...
the chairman asked Mr Wright to speak — el presidente le concedió la palabra al Sr. Wright
are you speaking in the debate? — ¿interviene usted en el debate?
3) (Telec)speaking! — ¡al habla!
"could I speak to Alison?" - "speaking!" — -¿podría hablar con Alison? -¡al habla! or -¡soy yo! or (esp LAm) -¡con ella!
this is Peter speaking — ¡soy Peter!, ¡habla Peter!
may I speak to Mr Jones? — ¿me pone con el Sr. Jones, por favor?
who is that speaking? — ¿con quién hablo?, ¿quién es?; (taking message) ¿de parte (de quién)?
4) (fig) [gun] oírse, sonar2. VT1) (=talk) [+ language] hablardo you speak English? — ¿hablas inglés?
2) (=utter) decir•
nobody spoke a word — nadie habló, nadie dijo palabra- speak up* * *[spiːk]
1.
1)a) ( say something) hablarsorry, did you speak? — perdón ¿dijiste algo? or ¿me hablaste?
to speak TO o (esp AmE) WITH somebody — hablar con alguien, hablarle a alguien
wake up Mark, speak to me! — Mark despierta, di algo!
they are not speaking (to each other) — no se hablan, no se dirigen la palabra
to speak OF something/somebody/-ING — hablar de algo/alguien/+ inf
you never spoke of this to anyone? — ¿nunca hablaste de esto con nadie?
they don't have much money to speak of — no tienen mucho dinero, que digamos
speaking personally, I think... — personalmente, creo que...
roughly/generally speaking — en términos generales
legally/morally speaking — desde el punto de vista legal/moral
b) ( on telephone)hello, Barbara Mason speaking... — buenas tardes, habla or (Esp tb) soy Barbara Mason
could I speak to Mrs Hodges, please? - speaking! — ¿podría hablar con la Sra. Hodges, por favor? - con ella (habla)
who's speaking, please? — ( to caller) ¿de parte de quien?; ( to person answering a call) ¿con quién hablo?
2) ( make speech) hablarto speak ON o ABOUT something — hablar acerca de or sobre algo
2.
vta) (say, declare)nobody spoke a word — nadie dijo nada, nadie abrió la boca (fam)
to speak one's mind o thoughts — hablar claro or con franqueza
to speak the truth — decir* la verdad
b) \<\<language\>\> hablardo you speak English? — ¿habla inglés?
Phrasal Verbs:- speak up -
12 soft dollaring
See:Another reason managers are interested in controlling client commissions deserves special attention. "Soft dollaring" has got to be one of the most misunderstood and controversial practices in the money management business. The very term "soft dollars" suggests something shady and conjures up images of money exchanging hands in dark alleyways. Among laymen, soft dollars may be confused with "soft money" political contributions. There is a thin connection between "soft dollars" and "soft money." Since brokerage firms are not subject to the same rules pertaining to political contributions as municipal underwriting firms, large "soft money" contributions from owners of brokerage firms do find their way into politicians' coffers more easily than contributions from underwriters. However, it is important to not confuse the two terms.So what is "soft dollaring?" Soft dollaring is the practice whereby money managers use client brokerage commissions to purchase investment research. When a manager pays for products or services with his own money, directly from the research provider, this is referred to as "hard dollars." Payment with client commissions, financed through a brokerage firm, is referred to as "soft dollars." Through soft dollar arrangements money managers are permitted to shift an expense related to the management of assets they would otherwise have to bear, onto their clients. The amount of this research expense the money management industry transfers onto its clients is in the billions annually. As a result, any analysis of the economics of the money management industry should include the effects of soft dollaring; however, we are unaware of any that has. In the institutional marketplace, strange as it may seem, it is possible for a money manager to profit more from soft dollars than from the negotiated asset management fee he receives.The general rule under the federal and state securities laws is that a fiduciary, the money manager, cannot use client assets for his own benefit or the benefit of other clients. To simplify matters greatly, soft dollaring is a legally prescribed exception to this rule. Congress, the SEC and other regulators have agreed that as long as the research purchased assists the manager in making investment decisions, the clients benefit and its legally acceptable. A tremendous amount of strained analysis has gone into the precise policies and procedures that managers must follow in purchasing research with client commission dollars. Over the years a distinction has been made between "proprietary" research or in-house research distributed to brokerage customers without a price tag attached and "independent third-party" research or research written by a third party and sold to managers at a stated price. Third party research has been most frequently criticized because its cost is separately stated and the benefit to managers most obvious. In this latter case, a breach of fiduciary duty seems most glaring. However, it is well known that proprietary research, offered for "free, " is produced to stimulate sales of dealer inventory. So presumably this research lacks credibility and is less beneficial to clients. There have been distinctions drawn between products and services, such as computers, which are "mixed-use, " i.e., which may serve dual purposes, providing both research and administrative uses. An adviser must make a reasonable allocation of the cost of the product according to its uses, the SEC has said. Some portion must be paid for with "hard" dollars and the other with "soft." There are several articles in our Library of Articles that describe soft dollar practices, rule changes and our proposal to Chairman Levitt to reform the soft dollar business.The issue that soft dollaring raises is: when is it acceptable for a manager to benefit from his client's commissions? For purposes of this article we would like to introduce a new and more useful perspective for pensions in their analysis of soft dollars or any other brokerage issue. That is, all brokerage commissions controlled by managers, benefit managers in some way. Brokerage decision-making by managers rarely, if ever, is simply based upon what firm can execute the trade at the best price. Brokerage is a commodity. Almost all brokerage firms offer reasonably competent, "best execution" services. If they didn't, they'd get sued and soon be out of business. Most savvy brokerage marketers don't even try to differentiate their firms with long-winded explanations about best-execution capabilities. Best execution is a given and impossible to prove. If you want to understand how your money manager allocates brokerage, study his business as a whole, including his marketing and affiliates-not just the investment process.The new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > soft dollaring
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13 liable
1) ((with to) tending to have, get, suffer from etc: This road is liable to flooding; He is liable to pneumonia.) propenso2) (possibly or probably about (to do something or to happen): Watch the milk - it's liable to boil over.) que puede...3) (legally responsible (for): The airline is liable to you for any damage to your luggage.) responsable4) (likely to get (a fine, a punishment): Do not litter! Offenders are liable to fines of up to $100.) expuesto, sujeto•liable adj probabletr['laɪəbəl]1 (likely, susceptible) propenso,-a (to, a)2 (susceptible) susceptible (to, a)4 (to fine) expuesto,-a; (to duties) sujeto,-aliable ['laɪəbəl] adj1) responsible: responsable2) susceptible: propenso3) probable: probableit's liable to happen: es probable que sucedaadj.• expuesto, -a adj.• obligado, -a adj.• propenso, -a adj.• responsable adj.• sujeto, -a adj.'laɪəbəladjective (pred)1)a) ( responsible) reponsableto be liable FOR something — ser* responsable de algo, responder de algo
to hold somebody liable — responsabilizar* a alguien, considerar a alguien responsable
b) ( subject)to be liable for/to something: any income is liable for tax cualquier ingreso es gravable or está sujeto a impuestos; you will be liable to a 15% surcharge — le pueden hacer un recargo del 15%
2)a)to be liable to + INF: I'm liable to forget es probable que me olvide; the earlier model was liable to overheat — el modelo anterior tenía tendencia a recalentarse
b) ( susceptible)to be liable TO something — ser* propenso a algo, tener* propensión a algo
['laɪǝbl]ADJ1) (=likely)to be liable to do sth: he's liable to do something stupid — puede fácilmente hacer alguna tontería, es muy posible que haga una tontería
2) (=prone)some people are more liable to depression than others — algunas personas son más propensas a la depresión or tienen más tendencia a la depresión que otras
3) (=responsible)the company is liable for damages — la compañía es responsable de los daños, la compañía debe pagar los daños
•
to hold sb liable for sth — considerar a algn responsable de algo4) (=subject)•
to be liable for/to sth: the programme is liable to change without notice — el programa puede cambiar sin previo aviso•
to be liable to duty — (Comm) [goods] estar sujeto a derechos de aduana, deber pagar impuestos de aduana•
to be liable to or for tax — [person] deber pagar impuestos; [thing] estar sujeto a impuestos, ser gravableany savings you have are liable for tax — todos sus ahorros están sujetos a impuestos or son gravables
he is not liable for tax — no tiene que pagar impuestos, está exento de pagar impuestos
* * *['laɪəbəl]adjective (pred)1)a) ( responsible) reponsableto be liable FOR something — ser* responsable de algo, responder de algo
to hold somebody liable — responsabilizar* a alguien, considerar a alguien responsable
b) ( subject)to be liable for/to something: any income is liable for tax cualquier ingreso es gravable or está sujeto a impuestos; you will be liable to a 15% surcharge — le pueden hacer un recargo del 15%
2)a)to be liable to + INF: I'm liable to forget es probable que me olvide; the earlier model was liable to overheat — el modelo anterior tenía tendencia a recalentarse
b) ( susceptible)to be liable TO something — ser* propenso a algo, tener* propensión a algo
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14 minor
1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) manj pomemben2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.)2. verb((American) to study something as a minor subject: He is minoring in French.) imeti za stranski predmet3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) mladoletnik- minority- be in the minority* * *I [máinə]adjectivemanjši, majhen, manj pomemben, podrejen; mladoleten, mlajšifiguratively conversation in a minor key — žalosten (pridušen) pogovorAmerican minor subject — stranski predmet na univerzijuridically minor offence — manjši prekršekgrammar minor sentence — nepopoln stavekII [máinə]nounmladoletnik; podrejeni; American stranski predmet na univerzi; music molova skala; American sport druga ligaMinor — minorit, frančiškanIII [máinə]intransitive verb American to minor in — imeti kot stranski predmet na univerzi -
15 minor
1. adjective1) (lesser) kleiner...2) (unimportant) weniger bedeutend; geringer [Bedeutung]; leicht [Operation, Verletzung, Anfall]; Neben[figur, -rolle]minor matter — Nebensächlichkeit, die
3) (Mus.) Moll-minor key/chord — Molltonart, die/Mollakkord, der
2. nounin a minor key — in Moll
1) (person) Minderjährige, der/die2) (Amer. Univ.) Nebenfach, das3. intransitive verb(Amer.)minor in something — etwas als Nebenfach haben
* * *1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) kleiner2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.)2. verb 3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) der/die Minderjährige- academic.ru/47121/minority">minority- be in the minority* * *mi·nor[ˈmaɪnəʳ, AM -ɚ]I. adj1. (small) detail, problem, criticism nebensächlich; character, plot unbedeutend; crime, violation geringfügig; improvement, repair unwichtig; accident, incident leicht; interest, hobby klein\minor road Nebenstraße f\minor alteration/tiff kleine Veränderung/Meinungsverschiedenheitto be of \minor importance von geringer Bedeutung seina \minor author/composer/poet ein unbedeutender Schriftsteller/Komponist/Poet\minor injury leichte Verletzung\minor operation kleiner Eingriff\minor chord Mollakkord m\minor key Molltonart fa \minor note ein Ton in Moll\minor scale Molltonleiter fSmith \minor Smith juniorII. n▪ the \minors pl niedrige Klassenhe has a literature major with a \minor in linguistics er studiert Literatur im Hauptfach mit Linguistik im Nebenfachto \minor in biology/linguistics/maths Biologie/Linguistik/Mathematik im Nebenfach studieren* * *['maɪnə(r)]1. adj1) (= of lesser extent) kleiner; (= of lesser importance) unbedeutend, unwichtig; offence, illness, operation, injuries leicht; surgery klein; interest, importance geringer; poet, position unbedeutend; prophet, planet kleina minor role — eine Nebenrolle, eine kleinere Rolle
he only played a minor role in the company — er spielte in der Firma nur eine untergeordnete Rolle
I have one or two minor criticisms of the hotel — ich habe an dem Hotel nur ein paar Kleinigkeiten auszusetzen
minor key — Molltonart f
G/E flat/C sharp minor — g-/es-/cis-Moll
minor third the novel ends in a minor key or on a minor note — kleine Terz der Roman endet mit einer traurigen Note
3) (Brit SCH inf)2. n1) (MUS)the music shifts to the minor — die Musik wechselt nach Moll über or geht in die Molltonart über
3. vi (US UNIV)im Nebenfach studieren ( in +acc)* * *minor [ˈmaınə(r)]A adj1. a) kleiner(er, e, es), geringer(er, e, es)b) klein, unbedeutend, geringfügigof minor importance von zweitrangiger Bedeutung;receive minor injuries leicht verletzt werden;minor party POL kleine Partei;minor penalty (Eishockey) kleine Strafe;minor planet ASTRON kleiner Planet;minor premise → B 3;the Minor Prophets BIBEL die kleinen Propheten;minor sentence LING unvollständiger Satz;minor subject → B 5;2. Neben…, Hilfs…, Unter…:a minor group eine Untergruppe3. JUR minderjährig, unmündig4. SCHULE Br jünger:Smith minor Smith der Jüngere5. MUSa) klein (Terz etc)b) Moll…:C minor c-moll;minor key Moll(tonart) n(f);in a minor key fig gedämpft; im Kleinen;minor mode Mollgeschlecht n;minor scale Molltonleiter fB s1. JUR Minderjährige(r) m/f(m), Unmündige(r) m/f(m)2. MUSa) Moll nb) Mollakkord mc) Molltonart f3. PHIL Untersatz m5. UNIV US Nebenfach n* * *1. adjective1) (lesser) kleiner...2) (unimportant) weniger bedeutend; geringer [Bedeutung]; leicht [Operation, Verletzung, Anfall]; Neben[figur, -rolle]minor matter — Nebensächlichkeit, die
3) (Mus.) Moll-2. nounminor key/chord — Molltonart, die/Mollakkord, der
1) (person) Minderjährige, der/die2) (Amer. Univ.) Nebenfach, das3. intransitive verb(Amer.)* * *adj.geringer adj.kleiner adj. n.Minderjährige m.,f. -
16 avoid
ə'void(to keep away from (a place, person or thing): He drove carefully to avoid the holes in the road; Avoid the subject of money.) evitaravoid vb evitar / eludir / esquivartr[ə'vɔɪd]1 evitar2 (question) eludir3 (person) esquivaravoid [ə'vɔɪd] vt1) shun: evitar, eludir2) forgo: evitar, abstenerse deI always avoided gossip: siempre evitaba los chismes3) evade: evitarif I can avoid it: si puedo evitarlov.• eludir v.• esquivar v.• evitar v.• excusar v.• huir v.• precaver v.• rehuir v.• salvar v.• soslayar v.ə'vɔɪdtransitive verb \<\<obstacle/place\>\> evitar; \<\<topic/question\>\> evitar, eludir; \<\<blow\>\> esquivar, eludirwhy are you avoiding me? — ¿por qué me rehúyes?
to avoid -ing — evitar + inf
[ǝ'vɔɪd]VT [+ obstacle] evitar, esquivar; [+ argument, question, subject] evitar, eludir; [+ duty] eludir; [+ danger] salvarse deare you trying to avoid me? — ¿me estás evitando or esquivando?
to avoid tax — (legally) evitar pagar impuestos; (illegally) defraudar al fisco
I'm trying to avoid being seen by Jeremy — estoy intentando evitar que me vea Jeremy, estoy intentando que Jeremy no me vea
* * *[ə'vɔɪd]transitive verb \<\<obstacle/place\>\> evitar; \<\<topic/question\>\> evitar, eludir; \<\<blow\>\> esquivar, eludirwhy are you avoiding me? — ¿por qué me rehúyes?
to avoid -ing — evitar + inf
-
17 minor
1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) menor2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.) secundario
2. verb((American) to study something as a minor subject: He is minoring in French.) estudiar como asignatura secundaria
3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) menor- minority- be in the minority
minor1 adj1. pequeño / de poca importancia2. secundariominor2 n menor / menor de edadtr['maɪnəSMALLr/SMALL]1 (unimportant) menor; (secondary) secundario,-a2 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL menor1 SMALLLAW/SMALL menor nombre masulino o femenino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLminor offence SMALLLAW/SMALL delito de menor cuantíaminor planet asteroide nombre masculinominor ['maɪnər] adj: menorminor n1) : menor mf (de edad)2) : asignatura f secundaria (de estudios)adj.• menor adj.• secundario, -a adj.• sin importancia adj.• subalterno, -a adj.n.• asignatura secundaria s.f.• menor s.m.• menor de edad s.m.
I 'maɪnər, 'maɪnə(r)1) ( unimportant) <poet/work> menor; < role> secundario, menor; < road> ( in UK) secundario; < operation> de poca importancia or gravedad2) ( Mus) menorB flat minor/C minor — si bemol menor/do menor
II
1) ( Law) menor mf (de edad)2) ( Educ) asignatura f secundaria
III
['maɪnǝ(r)]1. ADJ1) (=small, unimportant) [problem] de poca importancia; [adjustment, detail] menor, de poca importancia; [change, damage, poet, work] menor; [role] (in film, play) secundario; (in negotiations) de poca importancia; [road] secundario2) (=not serious) [injury] leve; [illness] poco grave; [surgery, operation] de poca importancia3) (Mus) [chord] menor4) (Brit)(Scol) †Smith minor — Smith el pequeño, Smith el menor
2. N1) (Jur) menor mf (de edad)2) (US) (Univ) asignatura f secundaria3.VI(US) (Univ)4.CPDminor-leagueminor league N — (Baseball) liga f menor
minor offence (Brit), minor offense (US) N — delito m de menor cuantía
* * *
I ['maɪnər, 'maɪnə(r)]1) ( unimportant) <poet/work> menor; < role> secundario, menor; < road> ( in UK) secundario; < operation> de poca importancia or gravedad2) ( Mus) menorB flat minor/C minor — si bemol menor/do menor
II
1) ( Law) menor mf (de edad)2) ( Educ) asignatura f secundaria
III
-
18 minor
1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) mindre (betydelig), underordnet2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.) støttefag; studieretningsfag2. verb((American) to study something as a minor subject: He is minoring in French.) ta som støttefag3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) mindreårig, umyndig- minority- be in the minoritybarn--------liten--------mindre--------mindreårig--------ubetydeligIsubst. \/ˈmaɪnə\/1) ( jus) umyndig person, mindreårig2) (universitet, amer.) grunnfag, mellomfag, støttefag3) (universitet, amer.) forklaring: student som leser noe som grunnfag, mellomfag eller støttefaghan tar historie som mellomfag \/ han har historie mellomfag4) ( musikk) moll5) ( logikk) undersetning, underbegrepminor in (universitet, amer.) ta grunnfag i, ta mellomfag i, ta støttefag i ha grunnfag i, ha mellomfag i, ha støttefag iIIadj. \/ˈmaɪnə\/1) mindre, underordnet, lavere, små-, mindre betydelig, mindre viktig, mindre alvorlig, mindre farligsmåjusteringer \/ mindre justeringer2) ( jus) umyndig, mindreårig3) ( musikk) moll-, moll• A minor4) ( musikk) liten, lite5) (britisk, gammeldags, ved privatskole)forklaring: den yngste av to brødre eller to gutter med samme etternavnden yngre Brown \/ den yngste av Brown-guttene6) ( logikk) under-Friars Minor ( kirkehistorie) minoritter, fransiskanere, fransiskanermunkerin a minor key i moll, mollstemt (overført, om fortelling, persons liv e.l.) begivenhetsløsin a minor league ( overført) i en lavere klasse, av dårligere kvalitetminor premise ( logikk) undersetningthe minor prophets de små profeterminor term ( logikk) underbegrep -
19 minor
1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) smávægilegur2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.)2. verb((American) to study something as a minor subject: He is minoring in French.)3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) ólögráða maður- minority- be in the minority -
20 minor
aldetermináns, kiskorú gyermek, moll hangnem, moll a minor: A-moll* * *1. adjective1) (less, or little, in importance, size etc: Always halt when driving from a minor road on to a major road; She has to go into hospital for a minor operation.) kisebb2) ((American) a secondary subject that a student chooses to study at university or college: Her major is in physics, but she has a minor in computer science.)2. verb((American) to study something as a minor subject: He is minoring in French.) melléktantárgyként felvesz3. noun(a person who is not yet legally an adult.) kiskorú- minority- be in the minority
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