in+the+family

dŏmus, ūs and i, 2d and 4th decl., f. [Sanscr. damas, house; Gr. root dem-ô, to build, whence domos, des-potês for demspotês; cf. Germ. Zimmer; Eng. timber, etc.], a house, home (for syn. cf. aedes, casa, domicilium, habitatio; mansio, sedes, tectum, tugurium; aedificium, moles). —Forms of the cases.

Nom.:

domus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6 al.; Ter. And. 5, 3, 20; id. Eun. 5, 9, 8 al.; Cic. Lael. 27, 103; id. Rep. 1, 43; 3, 9 et saep.—

Gen., in the comic poets only the ante-class. form domi:

haud quod tui me neque domi distaedeat,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5:

commeminit domi,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 20; cf.:

domi focique fac vicissim ut memineris,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 45:

domi cupio (i.q. cupidus sum),

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 22; acc. to Don. Ter. l. l.: decora domi, Caecil. ap. Don. l. l.: conviva domi, Afran. ap. Non. 337, 23. But since Varro (except as infra, 2.):

domūs,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 162 Müll. (twice); Cat. 64, 246; Verg. G. 4, 209; id. A. 1, 356; 4, 318; 645; 6, 27; 53; 81; Hor. C. 4, 12, 6; id. S. 2, 5, 108; Ov. M. 2, 737; Stat. S. 5, 2, 77; Suet. Caes. 81 et saep. The uncontr. form domuis, Varr. ap. Non. 491, 22; and Nigidius, acc. to Gell. 4, 16, 1; the form domos, used by Augustus exclusively, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87 (or domuos, acc. to Ritschl; v. Neue Formenl. 1, 362; cf. SENATVOS from senatus in the S. C. de Bacan.).—

Dat.:

domo,

Cato R. R. 134, 2; 139; 141, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 13 (ex conj. Lachm.; also Lucr. 5, 1267);

much more freq. domui,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 8; Quint. 1, 10, 32; 7, 1, 53 Spald. and Zumpt N. cr.; Tac. H. 4, 68; Ov. M. 4, 66; id. Tr. 1, 2, 101; 3, 12, 50; id. Pont. 1, 2, 108; 3, 1, 75.—

Acc.:

domum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 54; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 90; Cic. Rep. 1, 39; 2, 5; 6, 19; 23; 26 et saep.—Apoc. form do = dô (for dôma): endo suam do, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 436 P.; and ap. Aus. Idyll. 12, 18 (Ann. v. 563 ed. Vahl.).—

Voc.: domus, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139; id. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 102; 3, 58, 217; Nov. ap. Non. 510; Verg. A. 2, 241.—

Abl., usually domo, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 27; id. Curc. 1, 3, 53 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 18; Cic. Rep. 2, 4; id. Off. 1, 39, 139 (four times) et saep.:

domu,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 48; Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128; Inscr. Grut. 599, 8; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 5.—

Nom., only domus, Verg. G. 4, 481; Liv. 3, 32, 2; 42, 1, 10; Suet. Ner. 38.—

Gen.: domorum ( poet.), Lucr. 1, 354; 489 saep.; Verg. G. 4, 159; id. A. 2, 445;

usually domuum,

Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 88; 8, 57, 82, § 221; Tac. A. 3, 24; 6, 45; Juv. 3, 72; Sen. Ep. 122, 9; Dig. 33, 2, 32, § 2 et saep.—

Dat. and abl., only domibus, Varr. L. L. 5, § 160 Müll.; Caes. B. G. 6, 11, 2; id. B. C. 3, 42 fin.; Quint. 9, 4, 4; Tac. A. 3, 6; id. H. 1, 4; id. G. 46; Verg. G. 2, 443; Hor. C. 1, 22, 22; id. S. 2, 6, 71 et saep.—

Acc. usually domos, Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 19; Lucr. 1, 18; 6, 241; Cic. Rep. 1, 13 (twice); Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 3; id. B. C. 3, 82, 4; Sall. C. 12, 3 and 4; Verg. G. 1, 182 et saep. The MSS. often vary between domos and domus; cf. Beier Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64; Drak. Liv. 3, 29, 5; Oud. Suet. Claud. 25; so Verg. A. 1, 140; id. G 4, 446 al. The form domus is certain, Att. ap. Gell. 14, 1, 34; Quadrig. ib. 17, 2, 5; so Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7; Liv. 45, 1, 10.—

Adverbial forms.

Domi (also domui in good MSS. of Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51; id. Mil. 7, 16; id. Att. 12, 25, 1; id. Off. 3, 26, 99; and Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41; 4, 54, 67;

v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 540),

at home, in the house, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 12 et saep; Ter. And. 3, 2, 34 et saep.; Cic. Lael. 1, 2; id. Rep. 1, 13; id. Fin. 5, 15, 42 et saep.; Verg. E. 3, 33; Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; id. Ep. 1, 5, 3 et saep.; cf.

opp. foris,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33; id. Merc. 3, 4, 2 (twice); Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 26; Sall. C. 52, 21 et saep.:

meae domi,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 18; id. Most. 1, 3, 34; id. Mil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 15; and in the order domi meae, Cato ap. Charis. p. 101 P.; Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 36; [p. 610] Cic. Fam. 10, 25 fin.:

tuae domi,

id. ib. 4, 7, 4:

suae domi,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 43;

and in the order domi suae,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 50; Cic. Mil. 7; id. Caecin. 4, 10; Quint. 1, 1, 22 al.:

nostrae domi,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9; id. Poen. 4, 2, 16; Cic. Tusc. 5, 39;

and in the order domi nostrae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2:

alienae domi,

id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51; id. Fam. 4, 7, 4; id. Dom. 40, 105:

domi Caesaris,

id. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 7, 3 Orell. N. cr.:

istius domi (educatus),

id. Quint. 5, 21; cf.:

domi illius (fuisti),

id. Div. in Caecil. 18, 58; id. Cluent. 60, 165:

cujus domi fueras,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 42: id. Phil. 2, 14, 35; 2, 19, 48; id. Fam. 9, 3 fin. —

Domum, home, homewards, to the house, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 5, 20 et saep.; Cic. Lael. 3, 12; id. Verr. 1, 9, 25; id. Ac. 1, 3 et saep.; Verg. E. 1, 36; 10, 77 et saep.:

domum meam,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; id. Fam. 9, 19:

domum suam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 31; Cic. Rep. 1, 14; 2, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 18 fin.; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4 al.:

domum regiam (comportant),

Sall. J. 76 fin.:

Pomponii domum (venisse),

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112:

domum Roscii,

id. Rosc. Com. 9, 26:

cujusdam hominis nobilis domum,

id. Or. in Toga Cand. p. 521 ed. Orell.:

domum reditio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5:

domum concursus,

id. B. C. 1, 53.—When more persons than one are spoken of, the plur. is freq. used:

domos,

Liv. 3, 5; 27, 51; 28, 2; Curt. 9, 8, 1 al.:

domos nostras,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 19:

domos suas,

Sall. J. 66, 3; and: suas domos, Liv 2, 7; but the sing. also:

Suebi domum reverti coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54.—Sometimes also with in and acc.:

rex in domum se recepit,

Liv. 44, 45:

in domos atque in tecta refugere,

id. 26, 10:

cur non introeo in nostram domum?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 253; id. Capt. 4, 4, 3:

venisse in M. Laecae domum,

Cic. Cat. 1, 4; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 2; and Suet. Vesp. 5.—

Domo.

From home, out of the house, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 4; id. Stich. 1, 1, 29; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3; id. Mil. 4, 2, 7 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 19; id. Phorm. 4, 1, 20; Cic. Rep. 1, 12; id. Fl. 6, 14; id. Or. 26, 89 et saep.—

For domi, at home, in the house (rare):

domo sibi quaerere remedium,

Cic. Clu. 9, 27:

haec ubi domo nascuntur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 2:

domo se tenere,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3:

domo abditus,

Suet. Caes. 20 tabulae domo asservantur, App. Apol. p. 541.—With in:

in domo furtum factum ab eo, qui domi fuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 16:

rem quam e villa mea surripuit, in domo mea ponat,

Sen. Const. Sap. 7 med.:

in domo sua facere mysteria,

Nep. Alcib. 3 fin.:

quid illuc clamoris obsecro in nostra domo est?

Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 29; id. Ps. 1, 1, 82; Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 26:

educatus in domo Pericli,

Nep. Alcib. 2; so,

in domo ejus,

id. Lys. 3, 5; Tac. A. 4, 21.—

In colloq. lang.: domi habere aliquid, to have a thing at home, i. e. to have it about one, to have in abundance, to be provided with it, to have or know it one's self:

domi habet animum falsiloquum... Domi dolos, domi delenifica facta, domi fallacias,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 36 sq.:

domi habuit unde disceret,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 59 Ruhnk. In a like sense:

id quidem domi est,

Cic. Att. 10, 14, 2; cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 4: sed quid ego nunc haec ad te, cujus domi nascuntur? glauk eis Athênas, Cic. Fam. 9, 3 fin. —

Poet. transf., any sort of building or abode. So of the labyrinth, Verg. A. 6, 27;

of a sacred grotto,

id. ib. 6, 81;

of the abode of the gods,

id. ib. 10, 1; 101; Ov. M. 4, 736; 6, 269 al.;

of the winds,

Verg. G. 1, 371; Ov. M. 1, 279;

of animals,

Verg. G. 2, 209; id. A. 5, 214; Stat. Th. 1, 367;

of birds,

Verg. A. 8, 235;

of Danaë's prison,

Prop. 2, 20, 12 (3, 13, 12 M.);

of the tomb: marmorea,

Tib. 3, 2, 22;

the same, DOMVS AETERNA,

Inscr. Orell. 1174; 4525 sq.:

AETERNALIS,

ib. 4518 (cf. in Heb. for the grave, Eccl. 12, 5); and:

CERTA,

ib. 4850;

of the body, as the dwelling of the soul,

Ov. M. 15, 159; 458 et saep.

Meton.

In a wider sense, one's native place, country, home. M. Su. Siculus sum Syracusanus. M. So. Ea domus et patria est mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 10;

so (with patria),

id. Merc. 3, 4, 68; Verg. A. 7, 122; also with patria as an adjective, Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 2; Ov. M. 11, 269; cf. also Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 41; Verg. A. 5, 638; Ov. M. 13, 227 al.: domi aetatem agere, opp. patriă procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6; cf. Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 75; id. Capt. 2, 1, 3; id. Poen. 5, 2, 6; Caes. B. G. 1, 18, 6; 1, 20, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 17; id. Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.; Sall. C. 17, 4; id. J. 8, 1 et saep.:

legiones reveniunt domum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 33; so id. ib. 52; Cic. Fam. 7, 5; Caes. B. C. 1, 34, 3; Liv. 23, 20 al.:

ut (Galli) domo emigrent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 14:

qui genus? unde domo?

Verg. A. 8, 114; 10, 183.—Hence, the phrases belli domique, and domi militiaeque, in war and peace, v. bellum and militia;

and cf.: noster populus in pace et domi imperat... in bello sic paret, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40.—

A household, family, race (cf. the Gr. oikos, and the Heb., v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v. 7):

domus te nostra tota salutat,

Cic. Att. 4, 12; id. Fam. 13, 46; Liv. 3, 32; Quint. 7, 1, 53 (twice); Tac. A. 3, 55; id. Agr. 19; Suet. Aug. 25; Verg. A. 1, 284; 3, 97:

tota domus duo sunt,

Ov. M. 8, 636; id. F. 4, 544; Hor. C. 1, 6, 8; 3, 6, 26; Vulg. Matt. 10, 6 et saep.—Hence,

In philos lang., a philosophical school, sect, Cic. Ac. 1, 4; Sen. Ep. 29 fin.; id. Ben. 5, 15.

gens, gentis, f. [root GEN, gigno, that which belongs together by birth or descent], a race or clan, embracing several families united together by a common name and by certain religious rites; orig. only patrician, but, after the granting of the connubium between patricians and plebeians, also plebeian (syn.: familia, stirps, genus; natio, populus).

Lit.:

Sulla gentis patriciae (sc. Corneliae) nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignaviā,

Sall. J. 95, 3:

vera decora, non communiter modo Corneliae gentis, sed proprie familiae suae,

Liv. 38, 58, 3:

L. Tarquitius patriciae gentis,

id. 3, 27, 1:

apud P. Sestium patriciae gentis virum,

id. 3, 33, 9; 6, 11, 2:

cum Marcelli ab liberti filio stirpe, Claudii patricii ejusdem hominis hereditatem, gente ad se rediisse dicerent,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

gens Tarquiniorum,

id. Rep. 2, 25 fin.:

Julia,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: L. Tarquinius duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, et antiquos patres majorum gentium appellavit, quos priores sententiam rogabat;

a se ascitos minorum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20 Mos.; cf. Liv. 1, 35, 6:

ex gente Domitia duae familiae claruerunt, Calvinorum et Aenobarborum,

Suet. Ner. 1; cf. Liv. 2, 29, 4:

patricii minorum gentium,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2; Liv. 1, 47, 7; Capitol. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 5:

anni principio de connubio patrum et plebis C. Canuleius tribunus plebis rogationem promulgavit, qua contaminari sanguinem suum patres confundique jura gentium rebantur,

Liv. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. 4, 2, 5; 10, 8, 9: uti Feceniae Hispalae gentis enuptio, tutoris optio esset, etc., the right of marrying out of her gens, id. 39, 19, 5:

perjurus, sine gente,

i. e. of no family, of vulgar birth, Hor. S. 2, 5, 15; cf. respecting the Roman gens, Dict. of Antiq.

Transf.

In a manner borrowed from the division of the senators into majorum and minorum gentium (v. above): ipsi illi majorum gentium dii qui habentur, hinc a nobis profecti in caelum reperientur, the superior deities (the consentes), Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 29:

Cleanthes, qui quasi majorum est gentium Stoicus,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 126.—

Poet., like genus and stirps, of a single descendant, offspring of an entire race:

vigilasne, deūm gens, Aenea?

Verg. A. 10, 228 (for which:

Dis genite,

id. ib. 9, 642):

Tirynthia gens est (i. e. Fabius),

Sil. 7, 35:

extrema viri,

the last descendant, id. 2, 185.—

In a contemptuous sense, like our tribe, brood, crew:

si illo die gens ista Clodiana, quod facere voluit, effecisset,

Cic. Sest. 38, 81; so,

Clodia,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1.—

In the widest sense = genus, the race; gens humana, the human race, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65; Hor. C. 1, 3, 26.—

Of beasts, etc., a race, herd, brood, swarm ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

intestino bello totae gentes consumuntur,

Col. 9, 9, 6:

quos (equos) in spem statues summittere gentis,

of the race, breed, Verg. G. 3, 73:

utque luat poenas gens haec (i. e. vulpes),

breed, race, Ov. F. 4, 711.—

In a more extended sense (as also genos), a race, nation, people (sometimes more restricted than natio and populus, and sometimes put for them; v. in the foll., and cf. Drak. Liv. 23, 42, 1;

freq. and class.): Qui gentis omnis mariaque et terras movet,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 1: cf.:

nos per gentis disparat,

id. ib. v. 10:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum. Ut enim ab illa infinita discedatur, propior est ejusdem gentis, nationis, linguae, qua maxime homines conjunguntur: interius etiam est ejusdem esse civitatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53; cf.:

(Deus) non curat singulos homines... ne civitates quidem... ne nationes quidem et gentes,

id. N. D. 3, 39, 93:

ita nationis nomen, non gentis evaluisse paulatim,

Tac. G. 2:

Suebi, quorum non una gens...propriis adhuc nationibus nominibusque discreti,

id. ib. 38:

atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus ejus gentis nationibus in arma accensis,

Vell. 2, 98:

omnes exterae gentes ac nationes,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 31; cf.:

per omnes gentes nationesque,

Quint. 11, 3, 87;

for which, in an inverted order: exterae nationes ac gentes,

Cic. Font. 11, 25:

aut gentes aut populos,

Quint. 11, 1, 86: inter multas regum gentiumque [p. 809] et populorum legationes, Liv. 45, 19, 1; 45, 22, 8; cf.

in an inverse order: populi et gentes,

Quint. 12, 2, 3:

postquam bello subegit Aequorum magnam gentem et ferocem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

Sabina aut Volsca,

id. ib. 3, 4:

Transalpinae,

id. ib. 3, 9:

Allobrogum,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12:

Nerviorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28, 1:

Germanorum,

id. ib. 6, 32 init.:

Suevorum longe maxima Germanorum omnium,

id. ib. 4, 1, 3;

so of the Etruscan nation,

Liv. 5, 1, 6;

and in a wider sense than populus: non ex iisdem semper populis exercitus scriptos, quamquam eadem semper gens bellum intulerit,

id. 6, 12, 4; 40, 15, 6; 2, 50, 2.—Also for civitas, the inhabitants of a city or town:

Caesar Gomphos pervenit, quod est oppidum primum Thessaliae venientibus ab Epiro, quae gens ultro ad Caesarem legatos miserat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80, 1:

atqui ad hoc, de quo agitur, non quaerimus gentem, ingenia quaerimus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf.:

gladio pugnacissima gens Romani,

Quint. 9, 3, 8; Liv. 5, 48, 3:

Segni Condrusique, ex gente et numero Germanorum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1:

in illa incorrupta maxime gente Aegyptiorum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 14:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

id. ib. 1, 17, 26:

jus gentium,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id... vocatur jus gentium quasi quo jure omnes gentes utuntur,

Gai. Inst. 1, 1.—

In partic.

As a partit. gen., gentium, like terrarum, for the sake of emphasis, in the world, on earth (freq. and class.):

ubicumque terrarum et gentium violatum jus civium Romanorum sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

quod ubique gentium est,

id. Rep. 2, 4:

ubinam gentium sumus,

where in the world? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9:

ubi ubi est gentium?

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 21:

obsecro, unde haec gentium?

id. Cist. 4, 1, 16:

ubi tu's gentium,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 11:

quaerit quod nusquamst gentium,

id. Ps. 1, 4, 9:

non hercle quo hinc nunc gentium aufugiam scio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 44:

ubivis gentium agere aetatem quam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 4:

an quisquam usquam gentium est aeque miser?

id. ib. 13:

equidem te nisi nunc hodie nusquam vidi gentium,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 54:

fratrem nusquam invenio gentium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 1:

abeat multo malo quovis gentium, Quam hic, etc.,

id. Heaut. 5, 1, 55:

res est in manibus: tu autem abes longe gentium,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: nostri turannoktonoi longe gentium absunt, id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

ah! minime gentium, non faciam,

by no means, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 44; so,

minime gentium,

id. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.—

Gentes, opp. to the Romans, foreign nations, foreigners (post-Aug. and rare):

maneat, quaeso, duretque gentibus si non amor nostri at certe odium sui,

Tac. G. 33; Auct. B. Hisp. 17 fin. —

In the eccl. fathers, gentes, like ethnos, opp. to Jews and Christians, pagan nations, heathen, gentiles, Lact. 2, 13 fin.; Vulg. Psa. 2, 1 et saep.— Hence the title of Arnobius's work, Adversus Gentes.—

Transf., a region, country (very rare):

ut Aspim aggrederetur, qui Cataoniam tenebat: quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam,

Nep. Dat. 4:

gentes viduatas esse suis cultoribus et desolatas,

Arn. 1, 4.

măgister, tri (old orthog., ‡ magester, like ‡ leber, ‡ Menerva, for liber, Minerva, acc. to Quint. 1, 4, 17), m. [a double comparative in form, from magis, and comparative ending -ter; cf.: minister, sinister], a master, chief, head, superior, director, president, leader, commander, conductor, etc.:

quibus praecipua cura rerum incumbit, et qui magis quam ceteri diligentiam et sollicitudinem rebus, quibus praesunt, debent, hi magistri appellantur,

Dig. 50, 16, 57.

Lit.

In gen., the dictator in the earliest times was called magister populi, the chief of the people:

in Magistro populi faciendo, qui vulgo dictator appellatur... qui primus Magister a populo creatus est, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. optima lex, p. 198 Müll.: (sapiens) rectius appellabitur rex quam Tarquinius, qui nec se nec suos regere potuit: rectius magister populi (is enim dictator est) quam Sulla, qui trium pestiferorum vitiorum, luxuriae, avaritiae, crudelitatis magister fuit,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 75; cf.

also below the passage,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

dictator quidem ab eo appellatur, quia dicitur: sed in nostris libris (sc. auguralibus) vides eum magistrum populi appellari,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 63 Creuz.; cf.

, with reference to this passage,

Sen. Ep. 108, 31:

Larcum moderatorem et magistrum consulibus appositum,

Liv. 2, 18, 5.—Magister equitum, the chief of the cavalry, appointed by the dictator:

magister equitum, quod summa potestas hujus in equites et accensos, ut est summa populi dictator, a quo is quoque magister populi appellatus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.:

dictator magistrum equitum dicit L. Tarquitium,

Liv. 3, 27; 7, 21 fin.;

23, 11: fumosi equitum magistri,

in a family tree, Juv. 8, 8.—So, magister peditum (analogous to magister equitum), chief of the infantry, Amm. 21, 12, 16. —The censor is called magister morum, master of morals, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 2:

magister sacrorum,

the chief priest, Liv. 39, 18 fin.; v. Drak. ad loc.; so,

PVBLICVS SACRORVM (or SACERDOTVM),

Inscr. Orell. 2351:

FRATRVM ARVALIVM,

ib. 2426:

SALIORVM,

ib. 2247; 2419:

LARVM AVGVSTI,

ib. 1661 et saep.:

curiae,

the overseer of a curia, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 29: vici, the overseer of a quarter or ward, Suet. Aug. 30:

chori canentium,

a head-chorister, leader of a choir, Col. 12, 2:

officiorum and operarum,

a superintendent, bailiff, id. 1, 18:

scripturae and in scripturā,

a director of a company of farmers-general, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3; id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; cf.: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, i. e. has performed the functions of a magister, was vice-director, id. Att. 11, 10, 1:

quaesivi, qui per eos annos magistri illius societatis fuissent,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

P. Rupilius, qui est magister in ea societate,

id. Fam. 13, 9, 2:

maximarum societatum auctor, plurimarum magister,

id. Planc. 13, 32:

pecoris,

a chief herdsman, Varr. R. R. 2, 10; cf. Verg. G. 3, 445:

elephanti,

conductor, Sil. 4, 616:

auctionis,

the director, superintendent, conductor of an auction, Cic. Quint. 15, 50; cf.:

is quem putabant magistrum fore, si bona venirent,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3; 6, 1, 15; an officer charged with distributing money among the people, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 3.—Law t. t., an agent or assignee to dispose of a debtor's goods:

praetor jubet convenire creditores, et ex eo numero magistrum creari, id est eum per quem bona veneant,

Gai. Inst. 3, 79: convivii, the master or president of a feast, Varr. L. L. 5, § 122 Müll.; App. Mag. p. 336, 11: navis, the master or captain of a ship, Dig. 14, 1, 1; Gai. Inst. 4, 71;

so without navis,

Juv. 12, 79:

gubernatores et magistri navium,

Liv. 29, 25, 7; 45, 42, 3; the steersman, pilot:

ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister,

Verg. A. 5, 176; 1, 115; 6, 353; Val. Fl. 1, 18; 1, 382; Luc. 2, 696; Sil. 4, 719:

samnitium,

i. e. of the gladiators, a fencing-master, Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 86:

magistri tabernae,

innkeepers, Paul. Sent. 2, 8, 3.—In inscrr. are found also: fani, horreorum, collegii, memoriae, munerum, Augustalis, admissionum, epistolarum, libellorum, etc.; likewise: a bibliothecā, ab marmoribus, etc.—

In partic.

A teacher, instructor, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 8:

pueri apud magistros exercentur,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

artium lberalium magistri,

id. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.:

virtutis magistri,

id. Mur. 31, 65; id. N. D. 1, 26, 72:

rarum ac memorabile magni Gutturis exemplum conducendusque magister,

Juv. 2, 114.— Transf., of inanim. things:

magister mihi exercitor animus nunc est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 4; id. Curc. 2, 2, 8:

stilus optimus dicendi effector ac magister,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; Pers. prol. 10:

timor, non diuturnus magister officii,

Cic. Phil. 2, 36, 90.—

An educator of children, a tutor, pedagogue:

senes me filiis relinquunt quasi magistrum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 21:

docendis publice juvenibus magister,

Gell. 19, 9, 2. —

A master, owner, keeper:

trepidumque magistrum In cavea magno fremitu leo tollet alumnus,

Juv. 14, 246.—

A master of his art, professor:

a tonsore magistro Pecteris,

Juv. 6, 26.—

Trop., an adviser, instigator, author of any thing (very rare):

si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem improbum,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 21:

magister ad despoliandum Dianae templum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 54.—As adj.:

rituque magistro Plurima Niliacis tradant mendacia biblis,

Sedul. 1, 15.

nōmen, ĭnis (archaic form of gen. sing. NOMINVS, S. C. de Bacch. Corp. Inscr. Lat. 196, 8), n. [for gnōmen, from root gno, whence gnosco, nosco, co-gnosco], a name, appellation (syn. vocabulum).

Lit.:

nomen est, quod unicuique personae datur, quo suo quaeque proprio et certo vocabulo appellatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 134:

imponere nova rebus nomina,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 3:

qui haec rebus nomina posuerunt,

id. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

appellare aliquem nomine,

id. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

huic urbi nomen Epidamno inditum est,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 37; cf. Liv. 7, 2, 6:

Theophrastus divinitate loquendi nomen invenit,

Cic. Or. 19, 62:

lituus ab ejus litui, quo canitur, similitudine nomen invenit,

id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

ut is locus ex calamitate populi Romani nomen caperet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13 et saep.:

ludi, Pythia de domitae serpentis nomine dicti,

Ov. M. 1, 447:

clari nominis vir,

Vell. 2, 34, 4:

nominis minoris vir,

id. 2, 100, 5; cf. id. 2, 112, 2; 2, 103, 1: est mihi nomen, inditur mihi nomen, with nom.:

cui saltationi Titius nomen est,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

eique morbo nomen est avaritia,

id. Tusc. 4, 11, 24:

canibus pigris... Nomen erit pardus, tigris, leo,

Juv. 8, 36.—With dat.:

haec sunt aedes, hic habet: Lesbonico'st nomen,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 110:

juventus nomen fecit Peniculo mihi,

id. Men. 1, 1, 1:

nam mihi est Auxilio nomen,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 6:

huic ego die nomen Trinummo facio,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 1:

nomen Arcturo est mihi,

id. Rud. prol. 5:

cantus cui nomen neniae,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 62:

puero ab inopiā nomen Egerio est inditum,

Liv. 1, 34:

est illis strigibus nomen,

Ov. F. 6, 139.—With gen.:

cujus nomen est Viventis,

Vulg. Gen. 25, 11.—Rarely with ad:

ut det nomen ad molas coloniam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Nomen dare, edere, profiteri, ad nomina respondere, to give in one's name, be enrolled, enlist; to answer to one's name when summoned to military duty:

ne nomina darent,

Liv. 2, 24:

nomina profiteri,

id. 2, 24:

nominis edendi apud consules potestas,

id. 2, 24:

virgis caesi, qui ad nomina non respondissent,

id. 7, 4; also,

dare nomen in conjurationem,

to join the conspiracy, Tac. A. 15, 48:

ab re nomen habet (terra),

is named for, Liv. 38, 18, 4:

quae (sapientia) divinarum humanarumque rerum cognitione hoc nomen apud antiquos adsequebatur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:

dea (Viriplaca) nomen hoc a placandis viris fertur adsecuta,

Val. Max. 2, 1, 6.—Esp.:

nomen accipere = nominari: turris quae nomen ab insulā accepit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 1; Quint. 3, 3, 13; Just. 1, 5, 1; Tac. A. 6, 37; 15, 74; Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 8.—

In partic., the middle name of the three which every freeborn Roman had, as distinguished from the praenomen and cognomen. The nomen distinguished one gens from another, the cognomen one familia from another, and the praenomen one member of the familia from another, Quint. 7, 3, 27.—But sometimes nomen is used in the signif. of praenomen:

id nomen (sc. Gaja),

Cic. Mur. 12, 27.—So, too, in the signif. of cognomen:

Sex. Clodius, cui nomen est Phormio,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 27; cf.:

tamquam habeas tria nomina,

i. e. as if you were a Roman, Juv. 5, 127.—

Esp. in phrase: sub nomine, under the assumed name:

qui litteras exitiales Demetrio sub nomine Flaminini adtulerant,

Liv. 40, 54, 9:

sub nomine meo,

Quint. 7, 2, 24:

carmina sub alieno nomine edere,

Suet. Aug. 55:

multa vana sub nomine celebri vulgabantur,

Tac. A. 6, 12; 13, 25; id. H. 1, 5; cf.:

rogatio repente sub unius tribuni nomine promulgatur,

Liv. 43, 16, 6; Suet. Aug. 29; Plin. Pan. 50, 5; cf. also II. B. infra.—

A title of power or honor:

imperatoris,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 14.—

In gram., a noun, Quint. 1, 4, 18; 1, 5, 42 et saep.—

Transf.

Nomen alicu jus deferre, to bring an accusation against, to accuse a person:

nomen alicujus de parricidio deferre,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28: nomen recipere, to receive the accusation:

palam de sellā ac tribunali pronuntiat: si quis absentem Sthenium rei capitalis reum facere vellet, sese ejus nomen recepturum: et simul, ut nomen deferret, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; cf. context.—

A bond, note, a demand, claim, a debt: tituli debitorum nomina dicuntur praesertim in iis debitis, in quibus hominum nomina scripta sunt, quibus pecuniae commodatae sunt, Ascon. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28:

repromittam istoc nomine solutam rem futuram,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 48:

si neque in tuas tabulas ullum nomen referres, cum tot tibi nominibus acceptum Curtii referrent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 102:

qui tibi, ut ais, certis nominibus grandem pecuniam debuit,

on good bonds, good security, id. Quint. 11, 38; cf.:

egone hos digitos meos impellere potui, ut falsum perscriberent nomen?

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 1:

volo persolvere, ut expungatur nomen, ne quid debeam,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 40; so,

solvere,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7:

expedire, exsolvere,

id. ib. 16, 6, 3:

nomina sua exigere,

to collect one's debts, id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28:

hoc nomen, quod urget, nunc, cum petitur, dissolvere,

id. Planc. 28, 68:

transcribere in alium,

Liv. 35, 7:

qui venit ad dubium grandi cum codice nomen,

comes with a huge ledger to sue for a doubtful debt, Juv. 7, 110.—

Nomina facere, in the case of written obligations, to set down or book the items of debt in the account-book:

nomina se facturum, qua ego vellem die,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:

emit homo cupidus (Canius) tanti, quanti Pythius voluit et emit instructos: nomina facit (Pythius), negotium conficit,

id. Off. 3, 14, 59:

nomina facturi diligenter in patrimonium et vasa debitoris inquirimus,

Sen. Ben. 1, 1, 2.—

Nomen locare, to offer as surety, Phaedr. 1, 16, 1 (dub.).—

Transf., an item of debt; and hence, a debtor:

hoc sum assecutus, ut bonum nomen existimer,

i. e. a good payer, Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 2:

lenta nomina non mala,

Sen. Ben. 5, 22, 1; cf. id. ib. 7, 29, 2; Col. 1, 7, 2.—

A family, race, stock, people, nation:

C. Octavium in familiam nomenque adoptavit,

Suet. Caes. 83:

Crispum C. Sallustius in nomen ascivit,

Tac. A. 3, 30; Luc. 7, 584.—

With national names: nomen Romanum, whatever is called Roman, i. e. the Roman dominion, nation, power; esp. of the army:

gens infestissuma nomini Romano,

Sall. C. 52, 24: CEIVIS ROMANVS NEVE NOMINVS LATINI NEVE SOCIVM QVISQVAM, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; so,

concitatis sociis et nomine Latino,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41:

ubi deletum omnibus videretur nomen Romanum,

Liv. 23, 6, 3:

relicum Romani nominis,

id. 22, 55, 5; 27, 33, 11; 1, 10, 3; cf. id. 9, 7, 1:

Aeolio regnatas nomine terras,

Sil. 14, 70:

Volscūm nomen prope deletum est,

Liv. 3, 8, 10:

nomen Atheniensium tueri,

Just. 5, 6, 9.—

Poet.

A thing:

infaustum interluit Allia nomen,

Verg. A. 7, 717.—

A person:

popularia nomina Drusos,

Luc. 6, 759; 1, 311:

nec fidum femina nomen,

Tib. 3, 4, 61:

in diversa trahunt unum duo nomina pectus,

i. e. the love of a mother and sister, Ov. M. 8, 464; id. H. 8, 30.—

Trop.

Name, fame, repute, reputation, renown (syn.:

existimatio, fama): hujus magnum nomen fuit,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

nomen habere,

id. ib. 69, 244:

magnum in oratoribus nomen habere,

id. Or. 6, 22:

officere nomini alicujus, Liv. praef. § 3: et nos aliquod nomenque decusque Gessimus,

Verg. A. 2, 89:

nomen gerere,

Lact. 1, 20, 3; 4, 29, 15 al.:

multi Lydia nominis Romanā vigui clarior Iliā,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 7:

nomen alicujus stringere,

Ov. Tr. 2, 350:

homines nonnullius in litteris nominis, Plin Ep. 7, 20, 3: parentes, quorum maximum nomen in civitatibus est suis,

Liv. 22, 22, 13.—Of ill repute, bad reputation: malum nomen (only rare and late Lat.): magis eligendum in paupertate nomen bonum quam in divitiis nomen pessimum, Hier. Com. Ep. Tit., Paris, 1546, p. 104 H.—

Of inanimate things:

ne vinum nomen perdat,

Cato, R. R. 25:

nec Baccho genus aut pomis sua nomina servat,

Verg. G. 2, 240.—

A title, pretext, pretence, color, excuse, account, sake, reason, authority, behalf, etc.: alio nomine et aliā de causā abstulisse. Cic. Rosc. Com. [p. 1214] 14, 40:

legis agrariae simulatione atque nomine,

id. Agr. 2, 6, 15:

classis nomine pecuniam imperatam queruntur,

id. Fl. 12, 27:

haec a te peto amicitiae nostrae nomine,

id. Fam. 12, 12, 3; 2, 1, 1:

nomine sceleris conjurationisque damnati,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

nomine neglegentiae suspectum esse,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

quid exornamus philosophiam, aut quid ejus nomine gloriosi sumus?

id. Tusc. 2, 14, 33:

qui cum luxuriose viverent, non reprehenderentur eo nomine,

id. Fin. 2, 7, 21:

gratias boni viri agebant et tuo nomine gratulabantur,

on your account, id. Phil. 1, 12, 30:

Antonio tuo nomine gratias egi,

on your behalf, id. Att. 1, 16, 16:

legationes tuo nomine proficiscentes,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

quem quidem tibi etiam suo nomine commendo,

for his own sake, id. ib. 13, 21, 2:

meo nomine,

Tac. H. 1, 29:

feminarum suarum nomine,

id. G. 8:

bellum populo Romano suo nomine indixit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 14:

decretae eo nomine supplicationes,

Tac. A. 14, 59;

but: acceptā ex aerario pecuniā tuo nomine,

on your responsibility, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7.—

A name, as opposed to the reality:

me nomen habere duarum legionum exilium (opp. exercitum habere tantum),

Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1:

Campani magis nomen ad praesidium sociorum, quam vires cum attulissent,

Liv. 7, 29:

nomen amicitia est, nomen inane fides,

Ov. A. A. 1, 740.—

In eccl. Lat.,

Periphrastically:

invocavit nomen Domini,

Vulg. Gen. 13, 4:

omnipotens nomen ejus,

ib. Exod. 15, 3:

psallam nomini Domini,

ib. Psa. 7, 18:

blasphemare nomen ejus,

ib. Apoc. 13, 6.—

Delegated power:

in nomine tuo daemones eicimus,

Vulg. Matt. 7, 22:

in quo nomine fecistis,

ib. Act. 4, 7:

locuti sunt in nomine Domini,

ib. Jacob. 5, 10.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

nŏvus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. navas; Gr. neos, i. e. neWos; cf.: noverca, nuntius, denuo, nuper; Germ. neu; Engl. new], new, not old, young, fresh, recent, etc. (v. antiquus init.; cf.: recens, novellus).

Lit.

In gen.:

civitates condere novas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

nova et a nobis inventa ratio,

id. ib. 1, 8, 13; cf.:

nihil novi vobis afferam neque quod a me sit cogitatum aut inventum,

id. ib. 1, 14, 21:

novus veteri exercitus jungitur,

Liv. 7, 7; cf.

miles,

Sall. J. 87, 2:

imperator,

id. ib. 44, 2:

novum de integro proelium,

Liv. 24, 16:

Camillus,

id. 22, 14:

consules,

Suet. Caes. 15:

serpens,

which has cast its old skin, Ov. M. 9, 266:

caro,

fresh meat, Juv. 11, 85.—Special phrases.

Novae tabernae, or simply Novae (sub Novis), the new shops; many of the shops of the money-changers in the Forum were burned down A. U. C. 543, and those built on their sites were called Novae, those which remained standing Veteres (v. vetus), Liv. 26, 27; 3, 48:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266; cf.: sub Novis dicta pars in foro aedificiorum, quod vocabulum ei pervetustum, Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Novae tabulae, new account-books, by making which old debts were cancelled, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 84; id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21:

tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, proscriptionem locupletium,

Sall. C. 21, 2.—Hence, trop.:

beneficiorum novae tabulae,

i. e. forgetfulness of benefits, Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 6.—

Novus homo, or homo novus, the first of his family who obtained a curule office, a man newly ennobled, an upstart, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

adeptus es, quod non multi homines novi,

Cic. Fam. 5, 18, 1; cf.:

in Q. Pompeio, novo homine et fortissimo viro,

id. Mur. 7, 16 sq.:

M. Catoni, homini ignoto et novo,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis, et modo Romae Municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 237:

nova nupta,

a bride, Juv. 2, 120.— Plur. subst.: nŏvi, ōrum, m., recent writers: est et quod appellatur a novis noêma, Quint. 8, 5, 12:

novorum lectio,

id. 2, 5, 26; 5, 4, 1.—

Novae res, new things, novelties:

nihil te ad me postea scripsisse demiror, praesertim tam novis rebus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 4.—Also subst.: nŏvum, i, n., a new thing, a novelty; news:

novum attulerint, quod fit nusquam gentium,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 70:

num quidnam inquit novi?

Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

si quid novi vel sero invenissem,

Quint. 2, 5, 3.— Plur.:

novorum interpositione priora confundere,

Quint. 10, 3, 32; 8, 3, 60.—But, in gen., novae res signifies political innovations, a revolution:

Q. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu suā occidit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

rerum novarum causam quaerere,

id. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

plebes novarum rerum cupida,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

cuncta plebes novarum rerum studio Catilinae incepta probabat,

id. ib. 37, 1:

novarum rerum avidi,

id. J. 19, 1.—In a double sense: Segulium neglegamus, qui res novas quaerit: non quo veterem comederit—nullam enim habuit—sed hanc ipsam recentem novam devorārit, innovations and new wealth, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 2.—

In partic.

New, novel, strange, singular, unusual, unheard of:

flagitia ingentia, nova, capitalia,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 3:

nihil dicam aut inauditum vobis aut cuiquam novum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 137; cf.:

novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum,

id. Lig. 1, 1:

nova tibi haec sunt et inopinata?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24; id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

novam in feminā virtutem novo genere honoris donavere,

Liv. 2, 13; Verg. A. 3, 591:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6:

si res agi videtur nova, magna, atrox,

Quint. 4, 1, 33.—

New in any thing, unused, unaccustomed, inexperienced ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et rudis ad partus et nova miles oram,

Ov. H. 11, 48.—

With dat.:

novus dolori,

Sil. 6, 254; Tac. Agr. 16.—

With inf.:

nova ferre jugum cervix,

Sil. 16, 332.—

Nova Via structa esse dicitur regnante Ser. Tullio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Mull.; v. Müll. ib. p. 389, a; cf.:

vocabulum pervetustum ut Novae viae, quae via jam diu vetus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.—

Recent:

tu cognovisti omnia, novissima et antiqua,

Vulg. Psa. 138, 5.—

In eccl. Lat., renewed by grace:

nova creatura,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 5, 17:

induite novum hominem,

ib. Eph. 4, 24.—

Transf., in the sup.: nŏvissĭmus, a, um, the latest, last, hindermost, extreme (syn.:

extremus, proximus, recentissimus): a quo (sc. novo) etiam extremum novissimum quoque dici coeptum vulgo, quod meā memoriā ut Aelius sic senes aliquot, nimium novum verbum quod esset, vitabant,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

histriones,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 30; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 3; Cass. ib. 12, 13, 1:

qui ex iis novissimus venit, necatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 56:

novissimum agmen,

the rear, id. ib. 1, 15; 7, 68. —So as subst.: nŏvissĭmi, ōrum, the rear of an army, the soldiers in the last line:

novissimis praesidio esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

novissimos adorti magnam multitudinem conciderunt,

id. ib. 2, 11:

dixitque novissima verba,

Verg. A. 4, 650:

novissima cauda,

i. e. the end of, Ov. M. 3, 681; 13, 963:

luna,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—

Like Engl. last, extreme, highest:

exempla,

the extreme penalty, the penalty of death, Tac. A. 12, 20; 15, 44; and absol.:

a summā spe, novissima exspectabat,

id. ib. 6, 50:

novissimum casum experitur,

id. ib. 12, 33.—

Esp. in eccl. Lat.

Youngest:

liberorum,

Vulg. Jos. 6, 26.—

Lowest in rank or fortune:

de novissimis populi,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 13, 33.—

As subst.

Sing.: nŏvissĭmum, i, n., the end.

Of place:

terrae,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 3, 9:

a summo ad novissimum,

the bottom, id. Isa. 56, 11.—

Of time:

habent spem in novissimo,

Vulg. Prov. 23, 18.—

Plur.: nŏvissĭma, ōrum, n.

Of place, the bottom, depths:

abyssi,

Vulg. Job. 38, 16.—

Of time:

habebis in novissimis spem,

Vulg. Prov. 24, 14; cf.:

novissima hominis illius,

the end, id. Luc. 11, 26.—Hence, adv. (not in Cic.) in two forms.

Form nŏvē, newly, in a new or unusual manner:

ornata ut lepide! ut concinne! ut nove!

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 38: ne quid ambigue, ne quid nove dicamus, * Auct. Her. 1, 9, 15:

verba nove aut insigniter dicta,

Gell. 19, 7, 2; cf. id. 17, 2, 13; Sen. Contr. 1, 4 fin. —

Form nŏvĭter, newly:

BASILICA IVLIA A SE NOVITER REPARATA,

Inscr. Orell. 24 (A. D. 377):

amor noviter venit,

Fulg. Myth. 3, 1 med. — Sup.: nŏvissĭmē.

Of time, recently, lately, a short time ago: mater cum novissime aegrotāsset, Val. Antias. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

quod novissime nobiscum foedus fecissent,

id. ib.:

novissime, memoriā nostrā, argentum aere solutum est,

Sall. C. 33, 2:

liber quem novissime tibi misi,

Plin. Ep. 8, 3, 1:

eloquendi rationem novissime repertam,

Quint. 12 praef. § 3.—

Of succession, lastly, last of all, finally:

dicam primum... deinde... novissime,

Sen. Ira, 3, 5, 2:

primum... post haec... novissime,

Quint. 3, 6, 24; cf.:

primum... post haec... novissime,

id. 11, 2, 41:

vel... vel... vel novissime,

id. 7, 1, 37:

et... et... et novissime,

id. 2, 4, 10:

cum plura interrogāsset... novissime id inferebat,

id. 5, 11, 3:

novissime cum, etc. (= postremo),

in the last fight, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 3.

ŏrĭor, ortus, fut. part. oriturus, 4 (but with some forms of the 3d conj.: orĭtur, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 305 Müll.; Gell. 4, 17, 14; cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 26; Lucr. 3, 272; Verg. A. 2, 411; 680; Hor. S. 1, 5, 39; Ov. M. 1, 774 et saep.:

oreris,

id. ib. 10, 166; imperat. orere, Val. Max. 4, 7, 7: impf. subj. oreretur, Paul. Nol. Carm. 15, 59; and oreretur and orerentur are the more usual forms in the best MSS.; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 251; Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 418 sq.), v. dep. [root or.; Sanscr. ar-; Gr. ornumi, orinô; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. 348 sq.].

In gen., of persons, to rise, bestir one's self, get up, etc.:

consul oriens nocte diceret dictatorem,

Liv. 8, 23.—

Esp., of the heavenly bodies, to rise, become visible, appear:

stellae, ut quaeque oriturque caditque,

Ov. F. 1, 295:

ortā luce,

in the morning, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

orto sole,

at sunrise, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112:

postera lux oritur,

id. S. 1, 5, 39; cf.: crassa pulvis oritur, Enn. ap. Non. 205, 28. —

Transf., in gen., to come forth, become visible; to have one's origin or descent, to spring, descend from; to grow or spring forth; to rise, take its origin; arise, proceed, originate (syn. nascor):

hoc quis non credat abs te esse ortum?

Ter. And. 3, 2, 9:

Rhenus oritur ex Lepontiis,

takes its rise, Caes. B. G. 5, 4:

Maeander ex arce summā Celaenarum ortus,

Liv. 38, 13, 7:

Tigris oritur in montibus Uxiorum,

Curt. 5, 3, 1:

fons oritur in monte,

Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 2:

Durius amnis oritur in Pelendonibus,

Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 112:

amnis Indus in Cibyratarum jugis,

id. 5, 28, 29, § 103:

ibi Caicus amnis oritur,

id. 5, 30, 33, § 125:

incliti amnes Caucaso monte orti,

Curt. 8, 9, 3:

Rhenus Alpium vertice ortus,

Tac. G. 1, 2:

clamor,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53:

oritur controversia,

arises, Cic. Clu. 69, 161: unde oritur nox, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 193 Müll. (Ann. v. 407 Vahl.):

tempestas,

Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

monstrum mirabile,

Verg. A. 2, 680:

ulcera,

Cels. 6, 13:

ea officia. quae oriuntur a suo cujusque genere virtutum,

Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 69:

id facmus ex te ortum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 67:

tibi a me nulla orta est mjuria,

I have caused you no injury, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 35: quod si numquam oritur, ne occidit quidem umquam, comes into being, Cic. Rep. 6, 24, 27. —Of persons, to be born:

in quo (solo) tu ortus et procreatus es,

Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 4:

pueros orientes animari,

at birth, id. Div. 2, 42, 89: ex concubina, Sal. J. 108, 1; to be descended from:

plerosque Belgas esse ortos a Germanis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4; to begin, commence, take its beginning:

ab aliquo sermo oritur,

Cic. Lael. 1, 5.—Hence,

ŏrĭens, entis, P. a.; as subst. m.

The rising sun, morning sun:

et me saevus equis oriens afflavit anhelis,

Verg. A. 5, 739; id. G. 1, 250.—

The quarter where the sun rises, the East, the Orient (opp. to occidens, the West, the Occident):

ab oriente ad occidentem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66:

aestivus,

the quarter where the sun rises in summer, Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 105:

hibernus,

Col. 1, 6:

vernus,

Gell. 2, 22, 7.—

Poet. for day:

septimus hinc oriens cum se demiserit undis,

Ov. F. 1, 653.—

ortus, a, um, P. a., sprung, descended, born; constr. with ex, ab, and (partic. with poets and since the Aug. per.) with simple abl.

Class. usually with ab:

a me ortus,

Cic. Planc. 27, 67:

quoniam ab illo (Catone) ortus es,

id. Mur. 31, 66; Nep. Att. 18, 3; Hor. S. 1, 5, 55:

maternum genus ab regibus ortum,

Suet. Caes. 6:

a liberatoribus patriae ortus,

Liv. 7, 32, 13: homo a se ortus, without noble or famous ancestors:

ego a me ortus et per me nixus (opp. adjuvari commendatione majorum),

Cic. Planc. 27, 67; id. Phil. 6, 6, 17.—

Less freq. with ex and name of person:

ex Tantalo,

Quint. 9, 3, 57; but with ex and the name of a place, family, order, class, etc., freq. and class.:

ex eodem loco ortus,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

ortus ex eā familiā, quā, etc.,

Liv. 7, 10, 3:

ex concubinā,

Sall. J. 5, 7; 108, 1; Liv. 1, 34, 6:

ex patricio sanguine,

id. 6, 40, 6.—

With abl. alone (except with loco and genere, mostly poet. and post-Aug.):

eā familiā ortus,

Sall. C. 31, 7:

orte Saturno,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 50; 4, 5, 1; 3, 6, 33: 4, 6, 32: id. Ep. 1, 6, 22:

ortus sorore ejus,

Liv. 8, 3, 7:

paelice,

id. 39, 53, 3:

orti Atticis,

Vell. 1, 4 init.:

antiquis nobilibus,

Quint. 3, 8, 31:

Germanicum Druso ortum,

Tac. A. 1, 3:

Thessalis,

id. ib. 6, 34; 12, 53;

15, 72: regiā stirpe,

Curt. 4, 1, 17:

oppido Ferentino,

Suet. Oth. 1:

equestri familiā,

id. Aug. 2:

magnis e centurionibus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 73.

rēgĭus, a, um, adj. [rex], of or belonging to a king, kingly, royal, regal.

Lit.:

cum esset habendus rex, quicumque genere regio natus esset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50:

potestas,

id. ib. 2, 9, 15; 2, 23, 43;

2, 32, 56: nomen,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43;

2, 28, 51: civitas,

id. ib. 2, 29, 52:

insignia,

id. ib. 2, 17, 31:

ornatus,

id. ib. 2, 21, 38; id. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

apparatus,

id. Rep. 6, 10, 10:

exercitus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104:

praefectus,

id. ib. 3, 104 et saep.: anni, i. e. the reign of the kings (at Rome), Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 29; 2, 30, 53:

auctio,

i. e. of royal property, Plin. 29, 4, 30, § 96:

ales,

i. e. the eagle, Ov. M. 4, 362:

genus imperii proximum similitudini regiae,

very much resembling regal power, Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

bellum,

with a king, id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

regios nutus tueri,

purposes, id. Fam 12, 1, 1:

regia, crede mihi, res est succurrere lapsis,

befitting kings, Ov. P. 2, 9, 11; cf.:

regia res scelus est,

id. F. 6, 595:

sponsus,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 10:

genus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15:

sanguis,

id. ib. 3, 27, 65:

stirps,

Curt. 6, 2, 8:

virgo,

princess, Ov. M. 2, 570; 13, 523:

puer,

Verg. A. 1, 677:

conjux,

id. ib. 2, 783:

parens,

Ov. M. 13, 484:

legatio,

Liv. 35, 32:

imperium,

Sen. Med. 189:

cohors,

Curt. 10, 7, 16:

interitus regii,

Val. Max. 1, 8, 11: superbum [p. 1551] istud et regium, nisi, etc., Plin. Pan. 7, 6.—Hence, esp.:

lex regia,

a law investing the emperor with all the power and authority of the Roman people, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 6 Sandars ad loc.—As subst.

Rē-gĭi, ōrum, m.

(Sc. milites.) The royal troops, the king ' s soldiers, Nep. Dat. 1, 4.—

The satraps of the king, the nobles of the royal court, Nep. Ages. 8, 3.—

rēgĭa, ae, f.

(Sc. domus.) A royal palace, castle, fortress, residence, the court (cf.:

aula, palatium): in regia regem ipsum quasi productum esse ad dignitatem,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52; Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

in vestibulo regiae,

Liv. 1, 40:

exaedificata,

id. 35, 31:

regiam occupare,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 6; Ov. F. 4, 599:

opulenta,

Cat. 62, 44:

Polycratis regia,

Suet. Calig. 21.—

In partic., the royal castle of Numa, situated on the Sacra Via, close by the temple of Vesta, used subsequently for priestly purposes (for appointed sacrifices, for meetings of the priests, as a residence of the Pontifex, etc.): haec est a sacris quae via nomen habet; Hic locus est Vestae, qui Pallada servat et ignem;

Hic fuit antiqui regia parva Numae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. F. 6, 264; Varr. L. L. 6, § 12 Müll.; Fest. p. 178 ib.; Macr. S. 1, 15; 16; S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2; Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 6; Serv. Verg. A. 8, 363; Cic. Mil. 14, 37 Ascon.; id. Att. 10, 3, a, 1; Plin. 34, 8, 18, § 48 al.— Hence, atrium regium, the hall of this regia, Liv. 26, 27, 3.—

Transf.

The royal tent in a camp, Liv. 2, 12, 10; cf.:

armatus exercitus regiam obsedit,

Curt. 9, 5, 30; 6, 2, 9:

vestibulum regiae,

id. 7, 1, 4. —

The court, i. e. the royal family, the king and his courtiers (cf. aula;

first under Aug.): tulit et Romana regia sceleris tragici exemplum,

Liv. 1, 46:

quicunque propinquitate regiam contigisset,

id. 24, 22 fin.; Tac. A. 6, 34:

Callistus prioris quoque regiae peritus,

id. ib. 11, 29; cf. id. ib. 14, 13; Petr. poët. 5, 4; Curt. 6, 6, 2.—

Poet., like aula, a court for the cattle, cattle-yard:

gregis regia,

Val. Fl. 5, 67.—

(Sc. urbs.) A royal city, residence, capital ( poet. and in postAug. prose):

Croesi regia Sardes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 2:

non haec dotalis regia Amatae, i. e. Laurentum,

Verg. A. 9, 737:

Caesarea, Jubae regia,

Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20.—

A pure Lat. name for basilica, a colonnade, portico, hall (not ante-Aug.): dum lectica ex regiā domum redeo, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 76:

theatri,

Suet. Aug. 31 fin.; Ascon. ap. Cic. Aem. Scaur. § 45 (p. 27 Orell.); cf. Vitr. 5, 7 fin.; Stat. S. 1, 1, 30. —

A pure Lat. name for the plant basilisca (v. h. v.), App. Herb. 128. —

Trop., royal, regal, princely, splendid, magnificent, distinguished (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the class. regalis):

forma,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 10:

moles,

splendid edifices, Hor. C. 2, 15, 1:

vestis,

Vulg. Act. 12, 21.—

As an epithet of any remarkable production of nature or art: olea,

Col. 5, 8, 3; 12, 49, 2; 7:

pira,

id. 5, 10, 18; 12, 10, 4; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56;

laurus,

id. 15, 30, 39, § 129:

charta,

Cat. 22, 6 et saep.: regius morbus, the jaundice (because it was said to be cured by delicate remedies, by exciting to cheerfulness, etc.), Cels. 3, 24; Varr. ap. Plin. 22, 24, 53, § 114; Ser. Samm. 58, 1033; Hor. A. P. 453: regia stella, a large star in the constellation Leo, now called Regulus, Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 235. — Hence, adv.: rēgĭē, royally, regally, splendidly, sumptuously, magnificently; imperiously, despotically:

accubabo regie,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 53:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10:

quae regie seu potius tyrannice statuit in aratores Apronius,

imperiously, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

crudeliter et regie factum,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 30.

rēgĭus, a, um, adj. [rex], of or belonging to a king, kingly, royal, regal.

Lit.:

cum esset habendus rex, quicumque genere regio natus esset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50:

potestas,

id. ib. 2, 9, 15; 2, 23, 43;

2, 32, 56: nomen,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43;

2, 28, 51: civitas,

id. ib. 2, 29, 52:

insignia,

id. ib. 2, 17, 31:

ornatus,

id. ib. 2, 21, 38; id. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

apparatus,

id. Rep. 6, 10, 10:

exercitus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104:

praefectus,

id. ib. 3, 104 et saep.: anni, i. e. the reign of the kings (at Rome), Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 29; 2, 30, 53:

auctio,

i. e. of royal property, Plin. 29, 4, 30, § 96:

ales,

i. e. the eagle, Ov. M. 4, 362:

genus imperii proximum similitudini regiae,

very much resembling regal power, Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

bellum,

with a king, id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

regios nutus tueri,

purposes, id. Fam 12, 1, 1:

regia, crede mihi, res est succurrere lapsis,

befitting kings, Ov. P. 2, 9, 11; cf.:

regia res scelus est,

id. F. 6, 595:

sponsus,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 10:

genus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15:

sanguis,

id. ib. 3, 27, 65:

stirps,

Curt. 6, 2, 8:

virgo,

princess, Ov. M. 2, 570; 13, 523:

puer,

Verg. A. 1, 677:

conjux,

id. ib. 2, 783:

parens,

Ov. M. 13, 484:

legatio,

Liv. 35, 32:

imperium,

Sen. Med. 189:

cohors,

Curt. 10, 7, 16:

interitus regii,

Val. Max. 1, 8, 11: superbum [p. 1551] istud et regium, nisi, etc., Plin. Pan. 7, 6.—Hence, esp.:

lex regia,

a law investing the emperor with all the power and authority of the Roman people, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 6 Sandars ad loc.—As subst.

Rē-gĭi, ōrum, m.

(Sc. milites.) The royal troops, the king ' s soldiers, Nep. Dat. 1, 4.—

The satraps of the king, the nobles of the royal court, Nep. Ages. 8, 3.—

rēgĭa, ae, f.

(Sc. domus.) A royal palace, castle, fortress, residence, the court (cf.:

aula, palatium): in regia regem ipsum quasi productum esse ad dignitatem,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52; Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

in vestibulo regiae,

Liv. 1, 40:

exaedificata,

id. 35, 31:

regiam occupare,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 6; Ov. F. 4, 599:

opulenta,

Cat. 62, 44:

Polycratis regia,

Suet. Calig. 21.—

In partic., the royal castle of Numa, situated on the Sacra Via, close by the temple of Vesta, used subsequently for priestly purposes (for appointed sacrifices, for meetings of the priests, as a residence of the Pontifex, etc.): haec est a sacris quae via nomen habet; Hic locus est Vestae, qui Pallada servat et ignem;

Hic fuit antiqui regia parva Numae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. F. 6, 264; Varr. L. L. 6, § 12 Müll.; Fest. p. 178 ib.; Macr. S. 1, 15; 16; S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2; Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 6; Serv. Verg. A. 8, 363; Cic. Mil. 14, 37 Ascon.; id. Att. 10, 3, a, 1; Plin. 34, 8, 18, § 48 al.— Hence, atrium regium, the hall of this regia, Liv. 26, 27, 3.—

Transf.

The royal tent in a camp, Liv. 2, 12, 10; cf.:

armatus exercitus regiam obsedit,

Curt. 9, 5, 30; 6, 2, 9:

vestibulum regiae,

id. 7, 1, 4. —

The court, i. e. the royal family, the king and his courtiers (cf. aula;

first under Aug.): tulit et Romana regia sceleris tragici exemplum,

Liv. 1, 46:

quicunque propinquitate regiam contigisset,

id. 24, 22 fin.; Tac. A. 6, 34:

Callistus prioris quoque regiae peritus,

id. ib. 11, 29; cf. id. ib. 14, 13; Petr. poët. 5, 4; Curt. 6, 6, 2.—

Poet., like aula, a court for the cattle, cattle-yard:

gregis regia,

Val. Fl. 5, 67.—

(Sc. urbs.) A royal city, residence, capital ( poet. and in postAug. prose):

Croesi regia Sardes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 2:

non haec dotalis regia Amatae, i. e. Laurentum,

Verg. A. 9, 737:

Caesarea, Jubae regia,

Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20.—

A pure Lat. name for basilica, a colonnade, portico, hall (not ante-Aug.): dum lectica ex regiā domum redeo, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 76:

theatri,

Suet. Aug. 31 fin.; Ascon. ap. Cic. Aem. Scaur. § 45 (p. 27 Orell.); cf. Vitr. 5, 7 fin.; Stat. S. 1, 1, 30. —

A pure Lat. name for the plant basilisca (v. h. v.), App. Herb. 128. —

Trop., royal, regal, princely, splendid, magnificent, distinguished (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the class. regalis):

forma,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 10:

moles,

splendid edifices, Hor. C. 2, 15, 1:

vestis,

Vulg. Act. 12, 21.—

As an epithet of any remarkable production of nature or art: olea,

Col. 5, 8, 3; 12, 49, 2; 7:

pira,

id. 5, 10, 18; 12, 10, 4; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56;

laurus,

id. 15, 30, 39, § 129:

charta,

Cat. 22, 6 et saep.: regius morbus, the jaundice (because it was said to be cured by delicate remedies, by exciting to cheerfulness, etc.), Cels. 3, 24; Varr. ap. Plin. 22, 24, 53, § 114; Ser. Samm. 58, 1033; Hor. A. P. 453: regia stella, a large star in the constellation Leo, now called Regulus, Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 235. — Hence, adv.: rēgĭē, royally, regally, splendidly, sumptuously, magnificently; imperiously, despotically:

accubabo regie,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 53:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10:

quae regie seu potius tyrannice statuit in aratores Apronius,

imperiously, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

crudeliter et regie factum,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 30.

rex, rēgis ( gen. plur regerum, Gell. ap. Charis p. 40 P.), m. [rego], a ruler of a country, a king.

Lit.:

omnis res publica, quae ut dixi populi res est, consilio quodam regenda est, ut diuturna sit. Id autem consilium aut uni tribuendum est aut delectis quibusdam, etc. Cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus et regnum ejus rei publicae statum, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 43;

1, 42, 65: simulatque se inflexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,

id. ib. 2, 26, 49: rex Albai Longaï, Enn. ap. Fortun. p. 2691 P. (Ann. v. 34 Vahl.); Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

regum sapientia,

id. ib. 2, 6, 11:

rex Ancus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 5:

Anco regi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 35:

regem deligere,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

creare,

id. ib. 2, 17, 31:

constituere,

id. ib. 2, 18, 33;

20: reges, nam in terris nomen imperi id primum fuit,

Sall. C. 2, 1:

regibus boni quam mali suspectiores sunt,

id. ib. 7, 2:

monumenta regis,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 15:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

id. ib. 3, 1, 6:

urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere,

Tac. A. 1, 1:

post reges exactos,

Liv. 2, 8.— A very odious name in the time of the Republic, i. q. tyrant, despot:

pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat (populus Romanus),

Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 53; cf.:

hoc nomen (sc. tyranni) Graeci regis injusti esse voluerunt: nostri quidem omnes reges vocitaverunt, qui soli in populos perpetuam potestatem haberent. Itaque et Spurius Cassius et M. Manlius et Spurius Maelius regnum occupare voluisse dicti sunt, et modo (Ti. Gracchus),

id. ib. 2, 27, 50 Mos.:

rex populi Romani,

i. e. Cæsar, id. Off. 3, 21, 83; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

decem reges aerarii,

id. Agr. 2, 6, 14;

v. also regnum, regno, and dominus, with tetrarcha,

id. Mil. 28, 76; Hor. S. 1, 3, 12; Sall. C. 20, 7; v. Fabri ad h. l.— In ancient Rome the king had also priestly dignities and duties; hence, after the kings were expelled, the name rex (like basileus) continued to be given in relig. lang. to the priest who performed these duties; hence, rex sacrificulus, sacrificus, sacrorum; v. sacrificulus; and rex Nemorensis, i. e. priest of Diana Aricina, Suet. Calig. 35.—

Poet., as adj., ruling, that rules or sways:

populum late regem belloque superbum,

Verg. A. 1, 21.—

kat exochên, acc. to the Gr. basileus, the king of Persia, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 65; id. Eun. 3, 1, 7 and 11; Nep. Milt. 7, 5; id. Them. 3, 2; 4, 3; id. Paus. 1, 2 al.; cf of the king of the Parthi: regum rex (the Gr. basileus basileôn), Suet. Calig. 5; Amm. 17, 5, 3. —

Transf.

Of Jupiter, as king of gods and men:

quem (sc. Jovem) unum omnium deorum et hominum regem esse omnes doctrinā expoliti consentiunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56; cf.

of the same: summi deum regis,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 3, 2; and:

divom pater atque hominum rex,

Verg. A. 1, 65; 2, 648; 10 2, 743 (with this cf.:

o qui res hominumque deumque Aeternis regis imperiis,

id. ib. 1, 229):

Olympi magnus rex,

id. ib. 5, 533; Hor. C. 4, 4, 2; id. Epod. 16, 56.—Sometimes also of other deities, as rulers of the realms assigned to them:

aquarum,

i. e. Neptune, Ov. M. 10, 606; so,

aequoreus,

id. ib. 8, 603:

umbrarum,

i.e. Pluto, id. ib. 7, 249; so,

silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

rex infernus,

Verg. A. 6, 106:

tertiae sortis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 833:

Stygius,

Verg. A. 6, 252:

antiqui poli, mundique prioris,

i.e. Saturn, Mart. 12, 62.—Of Æolus, Verg. A. 1, 52 et saep.—

In gen., head, chief, leader, master, etc. (mostly poet.); of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 544; 575; 6, 55; 7, 220;

of lions,

Phaedr. 4, 13, 4;

of the bull, as leader of the herd,

Stat. Th. 5, 333; 11, 28;

of the queen-bee,

Verg. G. 4, 106;

of the eagle,

Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 203;

of the Eridanus, as the first river of Italy,

Verg. G. 1, 482;

of Phanæan wine,

id. ib. 2, 98 et saep.; also, of the master of a feast, like the Greek basileus:

mensae,

Macr. S. 2, 1; so absol. (sc. convivii), Prud. Cath. 9, 30 (cf. regnum and dominus); of a governor, preceptor of youth:

actae pueritiae,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 8; of the leader, king in children's games, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 59:

rex inter ludentes delectus,

Just. 1, 5, 1; of the protector, patron of parasites, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 73; id. Capt. 1, 1, 24; id. Stich. 3, 2, 2; Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 24:

coram rege suā de paupertate tacentes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 43; Mart. 2, 18, 5; Juv. 1, 136 et saep.; of the son of a king or chieftain, a prince, Verg. A. 9, 223; Val. Fl. 1, 174, Stat. Achill. 1, 156; Flor. 4, 9, 7 Duk. (cf. regulus and regina); of a powerful, rich, or fortunate person, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 58:

sive reges Sive inopes,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 11; 2, 18, 34:

regibus hic mos est,

id. S. 1, 2, 86; 2, 2, 45; id. A. P. 434. — Reges sometimes signifies the king and queen, Liv. 1, 39 init., 27, 4; sometimes the whole royal family, id. 2, 2, 11; 2, 3, 5; 45, 43, 9.— Poet., rex sometimes denotes the character, sentiments, or feelings of a king:

rex patrem (i.e. paternum animum) vicit,

Ov. M. 12, 30:

in rege pater est,

id. ib. 13, 187.

Rex, rēgis, m., a surname in the gens Marcia, e. g. Q. Marcius Rex, consul A. U. C. 686, Sall. C. 30, 3:

Q. (Marcius) Rex,

brotherin-law of Clodius, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 10 (in a lusus verbb. with rex, a tyrant, despot); cf. Hor. S. 1, 7, 35:

P. Marcius Rex,

Liv. 43, 1 al.; cf. Suet. Caes. 6.

rex, rēgis ( gen. plur regerum, Gell. ap. Charis p. 40 P.), m. [rego], a ruler of a country, a king.

Lit.:

omnis res publica, quae ut dixi populi res est, consilio quodam regenda est, ut diuturna sit. Id autem consilium aut uni tribuendum est aut delectis quibusdam, etc. Cum penes unum est omnium summa rerum, regem illum unum vocamus et regnum ejus rei publicae statum, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 43;

1, 42, 65: simulatque se inflexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, fit continuo tyrannus,

id. ib. 2, 26, 49: rex Albai Longaï, Enn. ap. Fortun. p. 2691 P. (Ann. v. 34 Vahl.); Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

regum sapientia,

id. ib. 2, 6, 11:

rex Ancus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 5:

Anco regi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 35:

regem deligere,

id. ib. 2, 12, 24:

creare,

id. ib. 2, 17, 31:

constituere,

id. ib. 2, 18, 33;

20: reges, nam in terris nomen imperi id primum fuit,

Sall. C. 2, 1:

regibus boni quam mali suspectiores sunt,

id. ib. 7, 2:

monumenta regis,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 15:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

id. ib. 3, 1, 6:

urbem Romanam a principio reges habuere,

Tac. A. 1, 1:

post reges exactos,

Liv. 2, 8.— A very odious name in the time of the Republic, i. q. tyrant, despot:

pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat (populus Romanus),

Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 53; cf.:

hoc nomen (sc. tyranni) Graeci regis injusti esse voluerunt: nostri quidem omnes reges vocitaverunt, qui soli in populos perpetuam potestatem haberent. Itaque et Spurius Cassius et M. Manlius et Spurius Maelius regnum occupare voluisse dicti sunt, et modo (Ti. Gracchus),

id. ib. 2, 27, 50 Mos.:

rex populi Romani,

i. e. Cæsar, id. Off. 3, 21, 83; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1, 1:

decem reges aerarii,

id. Agr. 2, 6, 14;

v. also regnum, regno, and dominus, with tetrarcha,

id. Mil. 28, 76; Hor. S. 1, 3, 12; Sall. C. 20, 7; v. Fabri ad h. l.— In ancient Rome the king had also priestly dignities and duties; hence, after the kings were expelled, the name rex (like basileus) continued to be given in relig. lang. to the priest who performed these duties; hence, rex sacrificulus, sacrificus, sacrorum; v. sacrificulus; and rex Nemorensis, i. e. priest of Diana Aricina, Suet. Calig. 35.—

Poet., as adj., ruling, that rules or sways:

populum late regem belloque superbum,

Verg. A. 1, 21.—

kat exochên, acc. to the Gr. basileus, the king of Persia, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 65; id. Eun. 3, 1, 7 and 11; Nep. Milt. 7, 5; id. Them. 3, 2; 4, 3; id. Paus. 1, 2 al.; cf of the king of the Parthi: regum rex (the Gr. basileus basileôn), Suet. Calig. 5; Amm. 17, 5, 3. —

Transf.

Of Jupiter, as king of gods and men:

quem (sc. Jovem) unum omnium deorum et hominum regem esse omnes doctrinā expoliti consentiunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56; cf.

of the same: summi deum regis,

Naev. Bell. Pun. 3, 2; and:

divom pater atque hominum rex,

Verg. A. 1, 65; 2, 648; 10 2, 743 (with this cf.:

o qui res hominumque deumque Aeternis regis imperiis,

id. ib. 1, 229):

Olympi magnus rex,

id. ib. 5, 533; Hor. C. 4, 4, 2; id. Epod. 16, 56.—Sometimes also of other deities, as rulers of the realms assigned to them:

aquarum,

i. e. Neptune, Ov. M. 10, 606; so,

aequoreus,

id. ib. 8, 603:

umbrarum,

i.e. Pluto, id. ib. 7, 249; so,

silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

rex infernus,

Verg. A. 6, 106:

tertiae sortis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 833:

Stygius,

Verg. A. 6, 252:

antiqui poli, mundique prioris,

i.e. Saturn, Mart. 12, 62.—Of Æolus, Verg. A. 1, 52 et saep.—

In gen., head, chief, leader, master, etc. (mostly poet.); of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 544; 575; 6, 55; 7, 220;

of lions,

Phaedr. 4, 13, 4;

of the bull, as leader of the herd,

Stat. Th. 5, 333; 11, 28;

of the queen-bee,

Verg. G. 4, 106;

of the eagle,

Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 203;

of the Eridanus, as the first river of Italy,

Verg. G. 1, 482;

of Phanæan wine,

id. ib. 2, 98 et saep.; also, of the master of a feast, like the Greek basileus:

mensae,

Macr. S. 2, 1; so absol. (sc. convivii), Prud. Cath. 9, 30 (cf. regnum and dominus); of a governor, preceptor of youth:

actae pueritiae,

Hor. C. 1, 36, 8; of the leader, king in children's games, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 59:

rex inter ludentes delectus,

Just. 1, 5, 1; of the protector, patron of parasites, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 73; id. Capt. 1, 1, 24; id. Stich. 3, 2, 2; Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 24:

coram rege suā de paupertate tacentes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 43; Mart. 2, 18, 5; Juv. 1, 136 et saep.; of the son of a king or chieftain, a prince, Verg. A. 9, 223; Val. Fl. 1, 174, Stat. Achill. 1, 156; Flor. 4, 9, 7 Duk. (cf. regulus and regina); of a powerful, rich, or fortunate person, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 58:

sive reges Sive inopes,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 11; 2, 18, 34:

regibus hic mos est,

id. S. 1, 2, 86; 2, 2, 45; id. A. P. 434. — Reges sometimes signifies the king and queen, Liv. 1, 39 init., 27, 4; sometimes the whole royal family, id. 2, 2, 11; 2, 3, 5; 45, 43, 9.— Poet., rex sometimes denotes the character, sentiments, or feelings of a king:

rex patrem (i.e. paternum animum) vicit,

Ov. M. 12, 30:

in rege pater est,

id. ib. 13, 187.

Rex, rēgis, m., a surname in the gens Marcia, e. g. Q. Marcius Rex, consul A. U. C. 686, Sall. C. 30, 3:

Q. (Marcius) Rex,

brotherin-law of Clodius, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 10 (in a lusus verbb. with rex, a tyrant, despot); cf. Hor. S. 1, 7, 35:

P. Marcius Rex,

Liv. 43, 1 al.; cf. Suet. Caes. 6.

cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].

On this side:

citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

in Galliā citeriore,

id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:

citerior Hispania,

Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:

Arabia,

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:

Oceanus,

Flor. 4, 12, 46:

ripa,

Vell. 2, 107, 1.—

As that which is on this side is nearer to us than its opposite, lying near, near, close to.

In space:

(stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:

citima Persidis (sc. loca),

Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —

Trop.:

deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,

Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,

id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:

ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,

id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:

nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,

id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:

citerioris vitae minister,

private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—

In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:

Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,

Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:

in antiquius citeriusve,

Vell. 1, 17, 2:

citeriore die (opp. longiore),

Dig. 23, 4, 15.—

In measure or degree, small, little:

citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,

Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:

citerius debito resistere,

Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—

Hence,

cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).

Prop.

Adv.:

(dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,

neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:

ultra citraque pervolare,

Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

citra est Oglasa,

id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:

citra fuere margines,

id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—

With acc.:

Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,

citra Veliam,

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

citra mare,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:

mare citra,

id. ib. 1, 10, 31:

citra flumen intercepti,

Liv. 21, 48, 6:

citra Tauri juga,

id. 38, 48, 1 al. —

With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,

Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:

ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,

Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—

(Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.

Adv.:

non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,

not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:

paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,

Liv. 10, 25, 4:

citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:

citra exsultare,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—

With acc.:

nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,

before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:

cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,

Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—

Trop.

Adv. of measure:

neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:

culta citra quam debuit illa,

id. P. 1, 7, 55.—

With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;

Nec virtus citra genus est,

is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:

glans cum citra satietatem data est,

not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,

fatigationem,

Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

scelus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:

citra necem tua constitit ira,

id. ib. 2, 127:

usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,

Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —

In time (with acc. rare;

perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,

Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:

Trojana tempora,

Ov. M. 8, 365:

juventam,

id. ib. 10, 84:

temporis finem,

Dig. 49, 16, 15.—

Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:

citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,

Col. 2, 2, 20:

plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,

Quint. 12, 6, 4:

Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,

id. 12, 10, 9:

vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,

id. 12, 2, 1; so,

accusationem,

id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:

tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,

id. 2, 16, 13:

citra invidiam,

Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:

citra ullum aliud incommodum,

id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:

citra dolorem,

id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:

morsum,

Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

vulnus,

id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:

citra fidem,

Tac. Agr. 1:

citra speciem aut delectationem,

id. G. 16:

citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,

Suet. Caes. 28:

commoda emeritorum,

id. Aug. 24:

spem omnium fortuna cessit,

Flor. 3, 1, 2:

etiam citra spectaculorum dies,

i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:

citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,

excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—

cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):

ultro ac citro commeare,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:

sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:

qui ultro citroque navigarent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

cursare ultro et citro,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):

bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,

Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:

cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:

multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:

beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,

Liv. 44, 23, 2:

datā ultro citroque fide,

id. 29, 23, 5:

inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:

ultro citroque versus,

Amm. 30, 3, 5.

Flāvĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens:

gens Flavia,

Suet. Vesp. 1; Mart. 9, 2, 8.— So in partic. Cn. Flavius, the scribe of the pontifiex maximus, Appius Caecus, who published the Fasti, Liv. 9, 46, 1 sqq.; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 17;

v. fasti. From the gens Flavia were descended the emperors Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian,

Suet. Vesp. 1.— Hence poet., Flavius ultimus for Domitianus, Juv. 4, 37.—

Derivv.

Flā-vĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Flavius:

templa,

i. e. built by Domitian, Mart. 9, 4, 12; 9, 35, 2.—

Flāvĭālis, e, adj., of or belonging to the college of priests for the Flavian family, instituted by Domitian, Flavial-:

FLAMEN,

Inscr. Orell. 2220:

PONTIFEX,

ib. 3672:

COMES,

ib. 3162:

SEXVIR,

ib. 3726:

XVVIRI,

ib. 2375:

assidentibus Diali sacerdote et collegio Flavialium,

Suet. Dom. 4.—

Flāvĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Flavius, Flavian: jus civile, named after Cn. Flavius, the publisher [p. 758] of the Fasti, Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

partes,

i. e. the adherents of Vespasian, Tac. H. 2, 67; 3, 1.

nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).

Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.

With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):

cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:

cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:

Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,

id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:

ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,

Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:

natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,

Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:

ex Thetide natus,

Quint. 3, 7, 11:

ex Urbiniā natus,

id. 7, 2, 5:

Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,

Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:

negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,

Suet. Ner. 6:

quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:

convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:

ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,

Liv. 43, 3, 2;

very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,

Suet. Ner. 4 init.:

Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,

Just. 17, 3, 14:

ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

illum ex me natum,

Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:

quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,

Juv. 9, 83.—

With de and abl.:

de tigride natus,

Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:

de stirpe dei nasci,

id. ib. 11, 312:

de pellice natus,

id. ib. 4, 422:

natus de muliere,

Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —

With abl. (so usually with proper names;

and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,

Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:

Hercules Jove natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

Nilo natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

nascetur Oedipus Lao,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

patre Marte,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

Paulo,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

privignus Poppaeā natus,

Suet. Ner. 55:

Ascanius Creusā matre natus,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:

amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:

honestis parentibus,

Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:

Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,

Tac. A. 16, 17:

deus deo natus,

Liv. 1, 16, 3:

imperioso patre,

id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

patre certo nasci,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

Apolline natus,

Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,

natus deā,

of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:

matre Musā natus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:

nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

Verg. A. 1, 286.—

With ab and abl.:

generari et nasci a principibus,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

et qui nascentur ab illo,

Verg. G. 1, 434.—

In other constrr.:

post homines natos,

since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

post genus hominum natum,

id. Balb. 10, 26:

in miseriam nascimur,

id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,

to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:

homo nascitur ad laborem,

i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—

Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:

humi nascentia fraga,

Verg. E. 3, 92:

cum nata fuerint folia,

Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:

nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,

is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,

Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:

ex palude nascitur amnis,

rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,

rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:

unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,

id. G. 3, 278:

nascens luna,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:

nascentia templa,

newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:

Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,

Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):

ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

nascitur altera moles,

Sil. 3, 530. —

Trop.

To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:

scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,

Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:

nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,

id. Off. 2, 5, 16:

fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

facinus natum a cupiditate,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:

visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,

id. Div. 2, 66, 135:

strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,

Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:

onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,

Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:

frumenta nata sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:

ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,

id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:

profectio nata a timore defectionis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,

Cat. 64, 198:

omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,

Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:

ex hoc nascitur ut,

hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—

Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):

quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,

Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:

nasci denuo,

id. ib. 3, 7:

natus ex Deo,

id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.

nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:

ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 7, 27:

eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,

Petr. 4:

(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,

Juv. 12, 9.—

Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—

nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,

Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:

caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,

Cic. Lael. 8, 27:

bellum prope inter parentes natosque,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:

cum pecore et gnatis,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:

natam conlocare alicui,

Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):

si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):

maxima natarum Priami,

Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):

tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:

nato nemini,

id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—

Adj.

Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.

With dat. (class.):

me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:

non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

natus huic imperio,

id. Cael. 24, 59:

gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,

id. Pis. 17, 41:

Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,

id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —

With ad (class.):

vir ad omnia summa natus,

Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

natus ad haec tempora,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:

ad dicendum natus aptusque,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:

ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

ad hoc unum natus,

id. Or. 28, 99:

ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

natus ad sacra Cithaeron,

Ov. M. 2, 223:

canor mulcendas natus ad aures,

id. ib. 5, 561.—

With inf. ( poet.):

quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,

Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—

With in and acc. ( poet.):

nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—

With propter (rare):

apros, animal propter convivia natum,

Juv. 1, 141.—

Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:

alius ager bene natus, alius male,

Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:

sarmenta male nata,

Col. 4, 24, 7:

ita natus locus est,

Liv. 9, 2:

inculti versūs et male nati,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—

Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:

ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:

Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,

id. ib. 14, 6, 1;

7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—

With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:

eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

annos natus unum et viginti,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:

cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,

id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;

Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:

minor quinque et viginti annis natus,

Nep. Han. 3, 2:

minor triginta annis natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

homo annos natus major quadraginta,

over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:

Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,

Nep. Reg. 2, 3:

cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32, 3:

minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,

Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):

plus triginta annis natus sim,

Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:

annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

non amplius novem annos natus,

Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:

ubi germen nascere coeperit,

Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

nascor, nātus, nasci (ante-class., and in poets of the class. period also gnatus, v. under P. a. B.; part. fut. nasciturus, Pall. Jun. 7, § 8; Vulg. Judic. 13, 8), 3, v. dep. [from gnascor, gnatus, root gen, whence gigno; cf. Gr. gennaô], to be born, to be begotten (of or by male or female).

Lit.; constr. with ex or de and abl., or with abl. alone; rarely with ab and abl.

With ex and abl. (esp. with name or other appellation of the mother):

cum ex utrāque (uxore) filius natus esset,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183:

cujus ex filiā natus est Sestius,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 1:

Servius Tullius ex serva Tarquiniensi natus,

id. Rep. 2, 21, 37:

ex hac feminā debuit nasci, qui, etc.,

Sen. ad Helv. 16, 6:

natam sibi ex Poppaeā filiam,

Tac. A. 15, 23 init.:

ex Thetide natus,

Quint. 3, 7, 11:

ex Urbiniā natus,

id. 7, 2, 5:

Alexandri filius natus ex Barsine,

Just. 13, 2, 7; cf.:

negantis (Domitii) quidquam ex se et Agrippinā nisi detestabile nasci potuisse,

Suet. Ner. 6:

quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf.:

convinces facile ex te esse natum, nam tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 7:

ex militibus Romanis et Hispanis mulieribus natos se memorantes,

Liv. 43, 3, 2;

very rarely with a designation of the father, and only with pronouns: ex hoc Domitius nascitur,

Suet. Ner. 4 init.:

Neoptolemus ex quo nata est Olympias,

Just. 17, 3, 14:

ex quo nasci nepotes deceat,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 2:

illum ex me natum,

Val. Max. 5, 10 ext. 3; cf.:

quod tibi filiolus vel filia nascitur ex me,

Juv. 9, 83.—

With de and abl.:

de tigride natus,

Ov. M. 9, 612; cf.:

de stirpe dei nasci,

id. ib. 11, 312:

de pellice natus,

id. ib. 4, 422:

natus de muliere,

Vulg. Job, 14, 1; 15, 14. —

With abl. (so usually with proper names;

and with general designations of parents, family, etc.): quos omnes Erebo et Nocte natos ferunt,

Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44:

Hercules Jove natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

Nilo natus,

id. ib. 3, 16, 42:

nascetur Oedipus Lao,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

patre Marte,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

Paulo,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

privignus Poppaeā natus,

Suet. Ner. 55:

Ascanius Creusā matre natus,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: Junia, Vell. 2, 127, 4:

amplissimā familiā nati adulescentes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 37, 1:

honestis parentibus,

Quint. 1, 11, 85; Sen. Contr. 7, 21, 1:

Mela quibus Gallio et Seneca parentibus natus,

Tac. A. 16, 17:

deus deo natus,

Liv. 1, 16, 3:

imperioso patre,

id. 7, 4, 5; 9, 1, 12: Assaraco natus Capus, Enn. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 3, 35 (Ann. v. 31 Vahl.):

patre certo nasci,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 46:

Apolline natus,

Ov. M. 15, 639: natus deā, son of a goddess, i. e. Achilles, id. M. 12, 86; so,

natus deā,

of Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 582:

matre Musā natus,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45:

nascetur pulcrā Trojanus origine Caesar,

Verg. A. 1, 286.—

With ab and abl.:

generari et nasci a principibus,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

et qui nascentur ab illo,

Verg. G. 1, 434.—

In other constrr.:

post homines natos,

since men have lived, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 1:

post genus hominum natum,

id. Balb. 10, 26:

in miseriam nascimur,

id. Tusc. 1, 5, 9:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

with the feet foremost, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

ad homines nascendos vim hujus numeri (septenarii) pertinere,

to the formation of man in the womb, Gell. 3, 10, 7:

homo nascitur ad laborem,

i. e. it is his nature to suffer it, Vulg. Job, 5, 7.—

Transf., to rise, take beginning, derive origin, spring forth, grow, be found: O fortunatam natam me consule Romam, Cic. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 24; and ap. Juv. 10, 122:

humi nascentia fraga,

Verg. E. 3, 92:

cum nata fuerint folia,

Vulg. Marc. 13, 28:

nascitur ibi plumbum album in mediterraneis regionibus,

is found, produced, Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

onyx nascitur circa Thebas Aegyptias,

Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 61:

ex palude nascitur amnis,

rises, id. 36, 26, 65, § 190:

nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum,

rise, Verg. E. 8, 17:

unde nigerrimus Auster Nascitur,

id. G. 3, 278:

nascens luna,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 2; id. S. 2, 4, 30:

nascentia templa,

newly built, Mart. 6, 4, 3:

Circaeis nata forent an Lucrinum ad saxum... ostrea,

Juv. 4, 140.— To rise, be formed (of a hill):

ab eo flumine collis nascebatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

nascitur altera moles,

Sil. 3, 530. —

Trop.

To arise, spring forth, proceed from, be produced:

scribes ad me, ut mihi nascatur epistulae argumentum,

Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 2:

nulla tam detestabilis pestis est, quae non homini ab homine nascatur,

id. Off. 2, 5, 16:

fateor ea me studiose secutum ex quibus vera gloria nasci posset,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

facinus natum a cupiditate,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 82; id. Font. 16, 37:

visus ei dicitur draco... dicere quo illa loci nasceretur,

id. Div. 2, 66, 135:

strumae nascuntur maxime in cervice,

Cels. 5, 28, 7; 7, 12, 1 fin.; 7, 6, 4 fin.:

onychem in Arabiae tantum montibus nasci putavere,

Plin. 36, 7, 12, § 59:

frumenta nata sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63, § 147:

ex quo uno haec omnia nata et profecta esse concedit,

id. Quint. 28, 85; id. Agr 2, 33, 90:

profectio nata a timore defectionis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

querelae verae nascuntur pectore ab imo,

Cat. 64, 198:

omnis obligatio vel ex contractu nascitur vel ex delicto,

Gai. Inst. 3, 88 sq. —With ut:

ex hoc nascitur ut,

hence it follows that, Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63; Sen. Ep. 74, 11.—

Esp., of the spiritual renewal of a religious experience, to be regenerated, born again (eccl. Lat.):

quod natum est ex spiritu, spiritus est,

Vulg. Johan. 3, 6:

nasci denuo,

id. ib. 3, 7:

natus ex Deo,

id. 1 Johan. 3, 9, etc.—Hence, P. a.

nascens, entis, arising, beginning, nascent, infant, immature:

ante Periclem et Thucydidem, qui non nascentibus Athenis, sed jam adultis fuerunt, littera nulla est, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 7, 27:

eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus,

Petr. 4:

(vitulus) vexat nascenti robora cornu,

Juv. 12, 9.—

Subst.: nascentia, ĭum, n., organic bodies, esp. plants, Vitr. 5, 1, 3; 5, 8, 1.—

nātus, a, um, P. a., born; hence,

Subst.: nātus ( gnātus), i, m., a son; and nāta ( gnāta), ae, f. (dat. and abl. pl. natabus, where ambiguity is to be avoided, Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P.; Inscr. Orell. 7421; Phocas, p. 1707 P.; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 29), a daughter; in plur.: nati (gnati), children, offspring:

caritas, quae est inter natos et parentes,

Cic. Lael. 8, 27:

bellum prope inter parentes natosque,

Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 5, 40, 3:

cum pecore et gnatis,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 115:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518: mihi ausculta, nate, pueros jube cremarier, Enn. [p. 1188] ap. Non. 246, 11 (Trag. v. 329 Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 3, 43:

natam conlocare alicui,

Plaut. Aul. Arg. 1, 15: o gnata, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 46 Vahl.):

si quis gnatam pro mutā devovet agnā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 199: Hectoris natum de muro jactarier, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 10, § 70 Müll. (Trag. v. 130 Vahl.); so, Nerei natae, id. ap. Prisc. p. 733 P. (Trag. v. 135 Vahl.):

maxima natarum Priami,

Verg. A. 1, 654; Ov. M. 13, 661.—Esp. in the phrase natus nemo, not a human being, nobody (Plautine for nemo mortalis):

tamquam si natus nemo in aedibus habitet,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 55 Lorenz ad loc.; id. ib. 2, 2, 20:

nato nemini,

id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Ps. 1, 3, 63.—

Adj.

Natus alicui rei or ad aliquam rem, born, made, destined, designed, intended, produced by nature for any thing.

With dat. (class.):

me credo huic esse natum rei, ferundis miseriis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6:

non sibi se soli natum meminerit, sed patriae, sed suis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

natus huic imperio,

id. Cael. 24, 59:

gurges atque helluo natus abdomini suo, non laudi atque gloriae,

id. Pis. 17, 41:

Judaei et Syri, nationes natae servituti,

id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10. —

With ad (class.):

vir ad omnia summa natus,

Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

natus ad haec tempora,

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9:

ad dicendum natus aptusque,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 99:

ad haudem et ad decus nati, suscepti, instituti sumus,

id. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

ad hoc unum natus,

id. Or. 28, 99:

ut ad cursum equus, ad arandum bos, ad indagandum canis, sic homo ad intellegendum et agendum natus est,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

natus ad sacra Cithaeron,

Ov. M. 2, 223:

canor mulcendas natus ad aures,

id. ib. 5, 561.—

With inf. ( poet.):

quid meruere boves, animal... natum tolerare labores,

Ov. M. 15, 120: sentes tantummodo laedere natae, id. de Nuce, 113.—

With in and acc. ( poet.):

nati in usum laetitiae scyphi,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 1; Ov. M. 14, 99; 15, 117.—

With propter (rare):

apros, animal propter convivia natum,

Juv. 1, 141.—

Formed or constituted by nature in any manner:

alius ager bene natus, alius male,

Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 1:

sarmenta male nata,

Col. 4, 24, 7:

ita natus locus est,

Liv. 9, 2:

inculti versūs et male nati,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 233.—

Pro re natā, or (ante- and post-class.) e re natā, under the present circumstances, according to the state of affairs, as matters are:

ut in his pro re natā non incommode possint esse,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 3:

Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re natā non incommodum,

id. ib. 14, 6, 1;

7, 8, 2: e re natā melius fieri haud potuit, quam factum est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8; App. M. 4, p. 143, 38.—

With a specification of time, so old, of the age of, etc.:

eques Romanus annos prope XC. natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

annos natus unum et viginti,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 74:

cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset,

id. Clu. 40, 110:

cum quinque et viginti natus annos dominatum occupavisset,

id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57:

Cato annos quinque et octoginta natus excessit e vitā,

id. Brut. 20, 80; in inscr. ANNORVM NATVS, etc., Inscr. Mon. Scip. n. 7;

Inscr. Marini Atti, p. 564.— Sometimes, in order to specify the age more exactly, major or minor, without or with quam, is added: annos nata est sedecim non major,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 23:

minor quinque et viginti annis natus,

Nep. Han. 3, 2:

minor triginta annis natus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:

homo annos natus major quadraginta,

over forty years old, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 49:

Dionysius major annos sexaginta natus decessit,

Nep. Reg. 2, 3:

cum liberis majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32, 3:

minorem quam annos sex, majorem quam annos decem natam, negarunt capi fas esse,

Gell. 1, 12, 1.—For major, minor, sometimes with plus, minus (ante-class.):

plus triginta annis natus sim,

Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 1:

annos sexaginta natus es aut plus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 11; cf.:

non amplius novem annos natus,

Nep. Han. 2, 3.— Act. collat. form: nasco, ĕre, to be born, etc.:

ubi germen nascere coeperit,

Cato, R. R. 151 fin.

paulus ( paull-), a, um, adj. [for paurulus; Gr. root pauros; cf. misellus for miserulus].

In gen., little, small (anteclass. and poet.):

paulo momento huc vel illuc impelli,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

pauper a paulo lare,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.: paula trua, Titin. ap. Non. 19, 19.—

Subst.: pau-lum, i, n., a little, a trifle: de paulo paululum [p. 1318] hoc tibi dabo, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 31:

quasi vero paulum intersiet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 18:

an paulum hoc esse tibi videtur?

id. ib. 5, 2, 18;

5, 8, 38: agelli paulum,

id. Ad. 5, 8, 26:

supplicī,

id. And. 5, 3, 32; so,

negotī,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 92:

lucri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

paulum huic Cottae tribuit partium,

allotted a small part of his defence, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nil Aut paulum abstulerat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 33:

ubi paulum nescio quid superest,

Juv. 11, 47: post paulum, v. infra. —

Adverb. uses.

Abl.: paulo, by a little, a little, somewhat.

With comp.:

paulo prius,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 7:

liberius paulo,

Cic. Or. 24, 82:

civis haud paulo melior, quam, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 12, 3:

paulo secus,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

haud paulo plus,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

paulo minus consideratus,

id. Quint. 3, 11:

paulo magis affabre factus,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

verbis paulo magis priscis uti,

id. Brut. 21, 82:

paulo longius processerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

maturius paulo,

id. ib. 1, 54:

paulo minus quatuordecim annos,

a little under, Suet. Ner. 40:

paulo minus, quam privatum egit,

id. Tib. 26:

paulo minus octogesimo aetatis anno decessit,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 1:

paulo minus quinque millia,

id. Pan. 28, 4.—

Esp. with ante, post:

quae paulo ante praecepta dedimus,

Cic. Part. 39, 137:

paulo ante,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; Juv. 6, 227; 9, 114:

post paulo,

just after, a little after, Sall. C. 18, 3; Liv. 22, 60. —

With words and expressions implying superiority or comparison:

magnitudine paulo antecedunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

verba paulo nimium redundantia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

histrio si paulo se movit extra numerum,

id. Par. 3, 2, 26:

paulo ultra eum locum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 66:

paulo mox,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268.—

Without comparison (rare), a little, somewhat:

paulo qui est homo tolerabilis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 31:

ut non solum gloriosis consiliis utamur, sed etiam paulo salubribus,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 5:

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna, Lux mea, etc.,

Cat. 68, 131.—Hence,

Acc.: paulum, a little, somewhat:

paulum supra eum locum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

epistolae me paulum recreant,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5:

paulum differre,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 85:

requiescere,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

commorari,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28: scaphae paulum progressae, Sall. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 10 (Hist. 1, 60 Dietsch):

paulum aspectu conterritus haesit,

Verg. A. 3, 597.—

With adv. of time or place:

post paulum,

a little later, after a short time, Caes. B. G. 7, 50; Quint. 9, 4, 19; 2, 17, 25; 11, 3, 148:

ultra paulum,

id. 11, 3, 21; cf.:

infra jugulum,

Suet. Caes. 82; cf. also: paulum praelabitur ante, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111.—

With comp.:

haud paulum major,

Sil. 15, 21:

tardius,

Stat. Th. 10, 938.

Paulus ( Paull-), i, m., a Roman surname (not a praenomen; cf. Borghesi Framm. de' Fasti Cons. i. p. 49, and his Dec. Numism. 4, n. 10) of the Æmilian family, Cic. Lael. 6, 21; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14.

L. Aemilius Paulus, a consul who fell in the battle near Cannœ, Hor. C. 1, 12, 38; Cic. Sen. 20, 75; id. Div. 2, 33, 71.—

The son of no. I., the adoptive father of the younger Scipio and the conqueror of Perseus, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; id. Sen. 6, 15. —

Q. Paulus Fabius Maximus, a consul A. U. C. 743, Front. Aquaed. 100.—

Julius Paulus, a celebrated jurist under Alexander Severus, a colleague of Papinian, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26.—

Paul, Christian name of Saul of Tarsus, the apostle to the Gentiles, author of many epistles to the Churches, Vulg. Act. passim.—

Sergius Paulus, proconsul in Cyprus, Vulg. Act. 13, 7.—Hence,

Paulĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Paulian:

Pauliana victoria,

the victory of L. Æmilius Paulus over Perseus, Val. Max. 8, 11, 1: Pauliana responsa, of the jurist J. Paulus, Dig. praef. ad Antecess. § 5.—

Paulī-nus ( Paull-), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Pauline, only as a Roman surname.—Subst.

Paulīnus, i, m.:

C. Suetonius Paulinus,

Tac. A. 14, 29.—

Paulīna, ae, f.:

Lollia Paulina,

wife of the emperor Caligula, Suet. Calig. 25; Tac. A. 12, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117.

paulus ( paull-), a, um, adj. [for paurulus; Gr. root pauros; cf. misellus for miserulus].

In gen., little, small (anteclass. and poet.):

paulo momento huc vel illuc impelli,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

pauper a paulo lare,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.: paula trua, Titin. ap. Non. 19, 19.—

Subst.: pau-lum, i, n., a little, a trifle: de paulo paululum [p. 1318] hoc tibi dabo, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 31:

quasi vero paulum intersiet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 18:

an paulum hoc esse tibi videtur?

id. ib. 5, 2, 18;

5, 8, 38: agelli paulum,

id. Ad. 5, 8, 26:

supplicī,

id. And. 5, 3, 32; so,

negotī,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 92:

lucri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

paulum huic Cottae tribuit partium,

allotted a small part of his defence, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nil Aut paulum abstulerat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 33:

ubi paulum nescio quid superest,

Juv. 11, 47: post paulum, v. infra. —

Adverb. uses.

Abl.: paulo, by a little, a little, somewhat.

With comp.:

paulo prius,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 7:

liberius paulo,

Cic. Or. 24, 82:

civis haud paulo melior, quam, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 12, 3:

paulo secus,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

haud paulo plus,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

paulo minus consideratus,

id. Quint. 3, 11:

paulo magis affabre factus,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

verbis paulo magis priscis uti,

id. Brut. 21, 82:

paulo longius processerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

maturius paulo,

id. ib. 1, 54:

paulo minus quatuordecim annos,

a little under, Suet. Ner. 40:

paulo minus, quam privatum egit,

id. Tib. 26:

paulo minus octogesimo aetatis anno decessit,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 1:

paulo minus quinque millia,

id. Pan. 28, 4.—

Esp. with ante, post:

quae paulo ante praecepta dedimus,

Cic. Part. 39, 137:

paulo ante,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; Juv. 6, 227; 9, 114:

post paulo,

just after, a little after, Sall. C. 18, 3; Liv. 22, 60. —