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101 γνύξ
Grammatical information: adv.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [380] *ǵenu- `knee'Etymology: From γόνυ (s. v.) with zero grade and analogal -ξ after πύξ, λάξ etc. (Schwyzer 620). The zero grade of γόνυ and πίπτειν was also seen in some other forms from H. which in fact appear to contain another root, s. γνυπ(ε)τ-. The zero grade of γόνυ is found in πρόχνυ `kneeling' and metaph. `utterly' (Il.); the aspiration is not well explained; cf. Av. fra-šnu- `with the knees forward', Mayrhofer, EWAia 1, 585. The zero grade prob. also in Hitt. ganut.Page in Frisk: 1,317Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γνύξ
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102 γοργός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `grim, fierce, terrible' of look, gaze (A.), later also `vigorous'Derivatives: γοργότης `rapidity' (Hermog.), γοργία = agilitas (Gloss.), denom. γοργόομαι `be spirited', of horses (X.), γοργεύω (pap., Sm., H.). - Γοργώ, - οῦς f. (Il.) name of a female monster with petrifying look, with Γοργ-είη κεφαλή (Il.; form. s. Schulze Q. 254); pl. mostly. Γοργόνες (Hes.), with new singulars Γοργόνα (acc.) etc. (E.), with Γοργόνειος (A. Pr. 793 etc.), Γοργόνη (Hdn.), Γοργονώδης (Sch.) and the plant names Γοργόνειον and Γοργονιάς (Ps.-Dsc.; s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 101). - Also Γοργάδες (S. Fr. 163), by H. explained as ἁλιάδες; and Γοργίδες αἱ Ώκεανίδες H. - PN Γοργυθίων Θ 302 (form.?) and Γοργίας with Γοργίειος `Gorgias-like' (X.) and γοργιάζω `speak like G.' (Philostr.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 44ff. connected OIr. garg(g) `raw, wild', OCS groza `shiver') and Pedersen KZ 39, 379 (Arm. karcr `hard'). Leumann Hom. Wörter 154f. thinks it is a backformation from γοργώψ ( γοργῶπις), γοργωπός (A.); so Γοργὡ would be the basis, which like Μορμώ seems a popular reduplicated formation; accepted by DELG.Page in Frisk: 1,321-322Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γοργός
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103 γυμνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `naked, unarmed' (Il.).Other forms: ἀπόνοιμον ἀπογύμνωσιν H.Derivatives: γυμνάς, - άδος f. m. `naked' (E.); `trained' (E., Attika); collective = `trained men' (Amorgos, Astypalaia, Kos). γυμνής, - ῆτος m. `light-armed warrior' (Tyrt.), with γυμνητικός (X.), γυμνήσιος (Arist.), γυμνητεύω (Plu.), γυμνητεία `light-armed men' (Th.), `nakedness' (Corn.); γυμνήτης, f. - ῆτις `naked' (Lyc.). γυμνικός ( ἀγών) `gymnastic' (opp. ἱππικός) (Hdt.). γυμνηλός `poor' (H., EM, after νοσηλός etc.). - γυμνότης f. (LXX). - Denom. γυμνόομαι `strip' (Il.), - όω (Hdt.), γύμνωσις (Th.). γυμνάζομαι `exercise (naked)' Ion.-Att.; γυμναστής `trainer' (Pl.), γυμναστικός, ἡ γυμναστική ( τέχνη) `gymnastics' (Ion.-Att.); γύμνασμα `training' (D. H.), γύμνασις `id.' (Poll.); γυμνάσιον `training' (Pi.), `school for.., gymnasium' (Att.), γυμνασιώδης (Cic.); γυμνασία; for - σιον, - σία Schwyzer 469f. - γυμνασίδιον (Arr.) and γυμναστήριον (Gal.). - γυμνιεύω `be naked' (P. Ross. Georg. 3, 28, IVp).Etymology: Old word. With dental suffix, Lat. nūdus (\< * nogʷodʰos Schrijver, Larr. Lat. 1991, 274f), OIr. nocht, Goth. naqaÞs, OHG nackt, ONo. nøkkuiðr. Without suffix, Lith. núogas, OCS nagъ (with vowel lengthened acc. to Winter-Kortlandt); with n-Suffix, Skt. nagná-, Av. maγna- (dissimilated); Germ. n-forms like ONo. nakinn, OFries. naken prob. after the n-participles. Hitt. nekumanza (with e-vowel) after the adjektives in -u̯ant- (with - mant- after u). With e also Arm. merk \< *meguro- (cf. Av. maγna-). - The υ from -o- as in νύξ before following labiovelar; - μν- \< -gun-, cf. ἀμνός. We also find λυμνός (H.), with dissimilation for *νυμνός; also ἀπολύγματος ἀπογύμνωσις. Κύπριοι H. (with - γ- preserved). The essential point, the γ-, was explained by Kortlandt (ap. Beekes, Orbis 37 (1994)91) through assimilation in *noŋʷ-nos \> *ŋoŋʷnos. The initial ŋ- was rephonemicized (ŋ was not a phoneme in Greek) to γ-, *γυνμος giving γυμνός.Page in Frisk: 1,332-333Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γυμνός
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104 δάφνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `laurel' (Od.).Other forms: Variants: λάφνη δάφνη. Περγαῖοι H. and δαύχνα (Thess., Cypr.) with Δαυχναῖος (Aetol.); also δαυχμός (Nic., H.; s. δαῦκος).Derivatives: δαφνίς `laurel' (Hp.; cf. κεδρίς and Chantr. Form. 343), δαφνών `laurel wood' (Str.), δαφνῖτις `Kassia of laurek etc.' (Dsc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 70f.), - ίτης ( οἶνος, Gp.), surname of Apollon in Syracuse (H., EM). Adject.: δαφνώδης `laurel-like' (E.), δάφνινος `from laurel' (Thphr.), δαφνιακός (AP), δαφνήεις `rich in laurels' (Nonn.), δαφναῖος `belonging to the laurel' (Nonn.), also surname of Apollon (AP, Nonn.), Δαφναία surname of Artemis in Sparta (Paus.), also Δαφνία (Olympia, Str.). - Δάφνις m. PN, Δαφνοῦς ON.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Like the cognate Lat. laurus is δάφνη a Mediterranean word. "Die wechselnden Formen sind teils als Varianten der gebenden Sprache, teils als wechselnde Wiedergabe bei der Entlehnung verständlich." Frisk (which is true of most variants of Pre-Greek words), who continues "Solmsen Wortforschung 118 n. 1 und Bechtel Dial. 1, 205, Gött. Nachr. 1919, 343f. wollen δαύχνα, δαυχμός von δάφνη trennen und zu δαῦκος (s. d.) mit weiterem Anschluß an δαίω `anzünden' ziehen; kaum überzeugend." Several IE etymologies in W.-Hofmann s. laurus. - The word is typical for Pre-Greek, showing several variations. They can be explained by assuming * dakʷ-(n)-, which gave δαφ-ν- or δαυκ\/ χ-(ν\/μ)-; note that there is no *λαυφ-; cf. Beekes, Pre-Greek (B 1). Thus δαφν- and δαυκ\/ χ-ν\/μ- were one word.Page in Frisk: 1,353Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάφνη
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105 δέλτος
Grammatical information: f. (like βύβλος; Schwyzer 2, 34 n. 4)Meaning: `writing tablet' (Ion.-Att.).Other forms: Cypr. δάλτοςDialectal forms: Cypr. δάλτοςDerivatives: δελτίον (Hdt.), δελτάριον (Plb.). Denomin. δελτόομαι `write on a tablet' (A. Supp. 179). - On ἀδεαλτώhαιε s.s.v.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.Etymology: Not to δαιδάλλω, Lat. dolāre (with reference to the Germanic word for `tent', OHG zelt, OE teld, PGm. *telðá- n.; the different meaning is still to be explained). One refers to Hieronymus epist. 8, 1 dedolatis ex ligno codicillis; Cypr. δάλτος would be old(?) ablaut. Semitic origin is mostly accepted (Lewy Fremdw. 171, E. Masson, Emprunts sémit. 61-65). Cypr. confirms this. Hebr. delet `gate', pl. columns of writing, also `tablet' (Lachish), Ugar. and Phoen. dlt. - δάλκιον πινάκιον, οἷον γραμματίδιον H. formed after πινάκιον? (Latte δάλτιον, which is better).Page in Frisk: 1,361-362Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δέλτος
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106 δίεμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: trans. `hasten, speed' in δίεσθαι (Μ 276 usw.), intr. `run' in δίενται (Ψ 475) and δίεσθαι (Μ 304);Other forms: Subj. δίωμαι, δίηται, δίωνται (Ο 681 etc.), opt. δίοιτο (ρ 317); act. ἐνδίεσαν. See DELG. - Active preterite forms δίον `I fled' (Χ 251; on δίε s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 388), ἐνδίεσαν `they pursued' (Σ 584); note περὶ γὰρ δίε (Ε 566 etc.) `he was afraid', s. below. - Rare forms in A.: δίομαι with inf. `I feared' ( Pers. 700f. [lyr.] bis), διόμενος `drive away' ( Supp. 819, Eu. 357 and 385 [lyr.]); in Gortyn ἐδδίηται (\< ἐσδ- = ἐκδ-), ἐπιδίεθθαι, - διόμενος `drive away, pursue' ( GDI 4997-8). - On διώκω s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Apart from δίε `feared' which is rather a thematic root aorist of δέδοικα, δείδω, remain of the active forms only the ἅπ. λεγγ. δίον and ἐνδίεσαν. The forms, except ἐνδίεσαν and the hapax δίενται, can be thematic. As an athematic disyllabic δίε-μαι is found only in these two forms, one has explained them from ἵενται, ἵεσαν. But if one considers them as old (Schwyzer 686, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 293), the thematic forms are innovations. Note that an IE * dih₁- can hardly become διε-. On διερός `quick' s. v. - Skt. dī́yati `fly' is not certain enough. From other languages have been compared OIr. dīan `quick', Latv. diêt `dance' (Pok. 187). S. also δῖνος, δίζημαι, ζητέω.Page in Frisk: 1,389-390Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίεμαι
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107 διφάσιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `double, twofold' (Hdt.); cf. τριφάσιος `threefold' (Hdt.), by H. also explained as τρίφωνος.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Cf. διπλάσιος; so based on δί-, τρί-φατος. The second member is uncertain. The reference to φημί, seen also in δισσῶς λεγόμενον and. τρίφωνος ini H., is taken over by von Skutsch IF 14, 488ff. referring to Lat. bifāriam. Brugmann IF 17, 367, Grundr.2 2: 1, 186 connected πεφνεῖν, φόνος, θείνω as in ἀρηΐ-φατος `killed in battle', i.e. `twice slayed' (cf. on δίπλαξ). Not better with Walde Lat. et. Wb.2 90, Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 2, 71 to φαίνω as `twice visible'; one would expect *δίφαντος like ἄφαντος (in the Il.).Page in Frisk: 1,399-400Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > διφάσιος
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108 δῖψαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: βλάψαι H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: DELG suggests that the form was coined by grammarians to explain δίψιον which was explained as βλαπτικόν (H.) or βλαβερόν (Ap. Soph.), and adds: "cf. encore Hsch. sous δίψιον Ἄργος avec S. fr. 296."Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δῖψαι
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109 δνόφος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `darkness' (Simon.).Other forms: Hell. has γνόφος etc. (s. v.) with δν \> γν (Schwyzer 208, Niedermann WuS 8, 64 n. 1; Bq. s. v.; Lejeune Traité de phonétique 68 n. 1).Compounds: Comp. δνοφο-είμων `in dark clothes' (Attica IIp).Derivatives: δνοφερός `dark' (Il.), also δνόφεος (B.), δνοφόεις (Emp.), δνοφώδης (E.), cf. Schmid -εος und -ειος 48.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: A form *δνέφος n. is supposed by ἰο-δνεφής `violet-dark' (δ 135, ι 426; vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 300); further isolated. The word recalls ζόφος as well as κνέφας and ψέφας (s. vv.), but the words have not been explained, s. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 112ff. Also Petersen AmJPh 56, 57ff. Note δνόψ χιτῶνος εἶδος βαθέος H. Again the group δν- seems Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,403Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δνόφος
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110 δόναξ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `pole-reed, what is made of it, shaft of an arrow, pipe' (Il.).Derivatives: δονακεύς `thicket of reeds' (Σ 576 - κῆα, lengthening at verse end?; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 21f.), also `bird-catcher' (Opp. K. 1, 73) postverbal to δονακεύομαι `catch birds with a lime-stick' (AP); δονακών `thicket of reeds' (Paus.); δονακήματα αὑλήματα H.; s. Chantr. Form. 178. - δονακώδης `rich in reed' (B.), δονακόεις `id.' (E.), δονάκινος (H. s. κερκίδας; uncertain); δονακῖτις `made of reed', also plant name (AP; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 71, 112, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 36); δονακηδόν `reed-like' (A.D.). (Uncertain Δονάκτας surname of Apollon (Theopomp. Hist. 281), perh. for Δονακίτης (Redard 208).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The forms δῶναξ (Theoc. 20, 29 beside δόναξ Ep. 2, 3 and Pi. P. 12, 25), δοῦναξ (AP) are explained as `Hyperdialektisierungen' (or, for δοῦναξ, as metrical lengthening, Schulze Q. 205). But this is not an explanation. They are more prob. variants of a Pre-Greek word (see Beekes, Pre-Greek, 6.1 on vowels, where we find ο\/ου and ου\/ω); this is confirmed by - αξ. - Mostly connected with δονέω `shake' (see the parallels in Strömberg Pflanzennamen 76f.), which is most doubtful. The comparison with Latv. duonis `reed' would require a long ō; the vowel of δόναξ would come from δονέω. (Not here Goth. tains `twig' etc.) - δόναξ is also the fish σωλήν (Ath.) - Nehring Glotta 14, 181 considers δόναξ as unGreek.Page in Frisk: 1,409Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δόναξ
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111 δροίτη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bathtub' (A.), also `cradle' (Alex. Aet.), `coffin' (Parth.), name of a dance (H.; s. Lawler AmJPh 71, 70ff.). Cf. δοῖτρον πύελον, σκάφην H., from *δροῖτρο?Derivatives: None.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unexplained. After Holthausen IF 17, 294 and Lidén 18, 414 from *δροϜ-ιτα (but there is no suffix - ιτα, Fur. 238 n. 45, except a Pre-Greek one). One compares also OE trīg, NEng. tray `flat trough, dish' from PGm. *trau-i̯a-, IE *drou-i̯o-; both from the word for `wood' (s. δόρυ, δρῦς); cf. Skt. dró-ṇam `trough'. The younger form δρύτη has been explained from the pronunciation υ for οι and from association with δρῦς (or Pre-Greek?). See also Wackernagel Unt. 187 n. 1; Lasso de la Vega Emerita 23, 109ff.: to δρύεται. - From δροίτη prob. Lat. dureta `wooden bathtub' (Schwyzer KZ 62, 199ff.).Page in Frisk: 1,418-419Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δροίτη
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112 ἑάφθη
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Aor.Etymology: Already in antiquity unknown: by Tyrannion ap. sch. A explained as `ἥφθη'; Aristarch connected it with ἕπομαι; acc. to H. = ἐκάμφθη, ἐβλάβη; all just speculation. Modern scholars proposed other explanations: to ἰάπτω (K. Meister HK 110 n. 2; see s. v.), to Goth. sigqan `sink' etc. (J. Schmidt Kritik 62ff. Meier-Brügger, MSS 59 (1989) 91-96 supposed * sengʷʰ-, Goth. siggwan `sing', of a dying warrior (?).Page in Frisk: 1,433-434Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑάφθη
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113 εἵλη 2
εἵλη 2.Grammatical information: f.Other forms: ( εἴλη, ἕλη), βέλα (= Ϝέλα) ἥλιος, καὶ αὑγή, ὑπὸ Λακώνων H. (idem to ἔλα); unclear γέλαν (= Ϝέλαν?) αὑγην ἡλίου, because of γελεῖν λάμπειν, ἀνθεῖν H. perh. to γελάω, γαλήνη (s. vv.), but γελοδυτία ἡλιοδυσία H. belongs to Ϝέλα.Compounds: As 1. member in εἱλη-θερής `warmed by the sun' (Hp., Gal.), ἐλαθερές ἡλιοθαλπές H., rather to θέρομαι then to θέρος (s. Schwyzer 513); from there εἱληθερέω, - έομαι `warm (oneself) in the sun' (Hp.); εἱλι-κρινής, εἱλό-πεδον, s. vv. As 2. member in πρός-ειλος `exposed to the heat of the sun, sunny' (A.), εὔ-ειλος `id.' (Ar.), ἄ-ειλος `sunless' (A. Fr. 334).Derivatives: εἰλήϊον ἐν ἡλίῳ θερμανθέν H. (false explanation of Ίλήϊον Φ 558 ?); denomin. verb ἐλᾶται ἡλιοῦται, fut. βελ[λ]άσεται ἡλιωθήσεται H. εἰληθέντες `warmed in the sun', εἰλέω Eust.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1045] *su̯el(H)- `burn, singe'Etymology: PGr. *Ϝhέλᾱ (*hϜέλα; cf. Schwyzer 226f.), from where Ϝέλᾱ, ἕλᾱ beside which one assumed a form with prothetic vowel: *ἐ-Ϝhέλᾱ \> εἵλη, εἴλη, belongs as verbal noun IE *su̯elā to a verb `burn slowly, singe', which is still existent in Germanic and Baltic, e. g. OE swelan, NHG schwelen (full grade), Lith. svìlti (zero grade of a disyllabic root: *su̯elH-) `singe (intr.), burn without flame' with many derivatives. The Greek forms present εἱλ- beside ἑλ-, which cannot be explained. From a root *su̯el- a form h₁u̯el- is hardly possible. Unless there is an unknown phonetic development, the problem cannot be solved: analogical spread of εἱλ-? From Greek also here 1. ἀλέα ( ἁλ-) `heat of the sun', s. v. - On more cognates further away, e. g. OHG swelzan `burn', OE sweltan `die', ONord. svelta `hunger, die' from IE *su̯eld- (also Arm. k`aɫc`), the last certainly an independent root, s. WP. 2, 531f., esp. Solmsen Unt. 248ff. - S. also ἥλιος. On ἑλάνη `torch' s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,458-459Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἵλη 2
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114 ἑκατηβελέτης
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: surname of Apollon (Α 75, Hes. Sc. 100, h. Ap. 157; always in gen. -έτᾱο);Other forms: after it ἑκατηβελέτις ( Theol. Ar.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Either from βάλλω (s. v.) or (better) for *ἑκατη-βελής with enlarging - της as in αἰει-γενέτης for *αἰει-γενής etc. after ἀκαλα-ρρεϜέ-της (\> ἀκαλαρρείτης), νεφελ-ηγερέ-τα etc., cf. Schwyzer 451f. A compound with βάλλω is in any case the synonymous ἑκατη-βόλος, Dor. -ᾱ- (Il.). Already by the ancients compared with ἑκη-βόλος and interpreted as `hitting from afar' or as `with hundred shots' explained. Against the latter, which was proposed by Wackernagel IF 45, 314ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 1254ff.) (he translated: `hundreds hitting'), must be objected, that one would expect as 1. member ἑκατομ-, cf. the old word ἑκατόμ-βη. The attractive connection with ἑκη-βόλος suggests that ἑκατη-βελέτης, - βόλος are metrically lengthened "Streckformen", perh. adapted to ἑκατόν. ἑκατη-βόλος could be a cross of ἑκη-βόλος and Apollons epithet Ε῝κατος (Il.) (cf. z. B. Ἴφι-τος for Ίφι-κράτης, - κλῆς a. o.). (Wrong Bechtel Lex. s. v.) - After v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 325 Ε῝κατος, Έκάτη are from an Anatolian language and by the Greeks adapted to ἑκατηβόλος, ἑκηβόλος; but ἑκά-εργος is certainly Greek. - Further Schwyzer 439 n. 8, and Kretschmer Glotta 18, 235f.Page in Frisk: 1,474Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑκατηβελέτης
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115 ἑκατόμβη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: name of a great, official feast acrifice (Il.).Derivatives: Έκατόμβαια n. pl. (Delph., Arg.) with the month name Έκατομβαιών, - ῶνος (Att. a. o.), also Έκατομβεύς (Lac.); Έκατόμβαιος surname of Zeus and Apollon (H., EM).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [191] *dḱm̥tom-gʷ-eh₂- `sacrifice of hundred cows'Etymology: Collective bahuvrihi with ā-suffix (Schwyzer 450, Sommer Nominalkomp. 76) of ἑκατόν and the zero grade of βοῦς, βο(Ϝ)ός: *ἑκατόμ-βϜ-ᾱ. A counterpart in Indo-Iranian, e. g. Skt. śata-gu- `possessing hundred cows',, evtl. through *śata-gv-a-, śata-gv-ín- `id.'; with thematic vowel in the PN Dáśa-gv-a-, Náva-gv-a- for `having ten, nine cows'. - Of old explained as `sacrifice of hundred cows'. Diff. Thieme Studien 62ff.: `winning hundred cows' (scil. δαίς). On the form s. Wackernagel IF 45, 319 (= Kl. Schr. 2, 1259). - After ἑκατόμβη late (Jul.) χιλιόμβη.Page in Frisk: 1,474-475Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑκατόμβη
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116 ἐλαχύς
Grammatical information: adj.Other forms: ἐλάχεια hAP 197 (on the accent Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 115f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1172f., Schwyzer 379; ι 116, κ 509 as v. l. to λάχεια; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 54;, ἐλαχύ (AP); masc. also ἔλαχος (Call., s. Leumann l. c.);Compounds: As 1. member in ἐλαχυ-πτέρυξ, [ἐλα]χύ-νωτος (Pi.).Derivatives: Comp. ἐλά̄σσων, - ττων (Il.), Sup. ἐλᾰ́χιστος (Ion.-Att.). - From ἐλάσσων, - ττων (Schwyzer 731f.): denomin. ἐλασσόομαι, - ττόομαι `become smaller, be inferior, be damaged' (Ion.-Att.), - όω `diminish, damage' (Lys., Isok.) with ἐλάττωσις `diminution, disadvantage, want, loss' (Antipho Soph., Pl. Def., Arist.) and ἐλαττωτικός `not insisting on his rights, diminishing' (Arist.), ἐλάσσωμα, - ττωμα `id.' (D.). From ἔλασσον-, - ττον-: ἐλαττον-άκις `less often' (Pl., Arist., after πλεον-ακις), ἐλαττον-ότης `be inferior' (Iamb.; beside μειζον-ότης); ἐλασσον-έω, - ττονέω `have or give less, to be defective' (LXX, pap.), ἐλαττον-όω `diminish' (LXX). From ἐλάχιστος: ἐλαχιστ-άκις `very rarely' (Hp.), ἐλαχιστ-ιαῖος `of smallest size, infinitesimal' (Diog. Oen. 2).Etymology: Old adjective, identical with Skt. laghú-, raghú- `quick, light, small', Av. ragu- `quick'; from an IE zero grade *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-ú-. The full grade h₁lengʷʰ- in Av. comp. rǝnǰyō (with analogical superlativ rǝnǰišta-), in Lith. lẽngvas and in Goth. leihts ` leicht', if, as prob., from PGm. * linχta-, IE * h₁lengʷʰ- to-. Toch. B laṅktse `light. Without nasal, with ĕ-vowel Lat. lĕvis `light, small, quick', with reduced vowel OCS lьgъ-kъ `light', with a-vowel Celt., e. g. OIr. comp. laigiu `smaller, worse', PCelt. *lag-i̯ōs (positive bec(c)). These forms cannot be all at once explained. W.-Hofmann s. levis, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. lẽngvas, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. lëgkij (2, 24). - The vowellength in ἐλά̄σσων is secondary, s. Schwyzer 538 w. n. 4; also Seiler Steigerungsformen 43f.Page in Frisk: 1,484-485Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαχύς
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117 ἐλεφαίρομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `deceive' (Ψ 388, τ 565), also `damage, destroy' (Hes. Th. 330).Other forms: Aor. ptc. ἐλεφηράμενοςDialectal forms: Myc. erepairo? \/Elephairōn?\/Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: In H. also active forms ( ἐλεφαίρειν, ἐλεφῆραι), explained with ( ἐξ)απατᾶν, βλάπτειν, ἀδικεῖν. Old, rarely occurring epic expression with unstable meaning, of unclear formation und uncertain etymology. The ending - αίρω seems to point to an r-stem (*ἔλεφαρ?), but could also be suffixal. The stem recurs in PN Έλεφ-ήνωρ, but could stand for *Ελεφηρ-ήνωρ with dissimilatory shortening (Sommer Nominalkomp. 170 n.2). From Greek one compares ὀλοφώϊος `deceiving, noxious', which is itself unclear. An acceptable connection would be Lith. vìlbinti `allure, befool'. Cf. Bechtel Lex. s. v., and Schwyzer 724 w. n. 11. Goto, Kuryɫowicz Memorial Volume 1, 1995, 365-370 suggests to connect Skt. upa-valha-te `to puzzle, confuse by means of riddle' (the Skt. -h- does not agree).Page in Frisk: 1,493Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλεφαίρομαι
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118 ἔλλοψ
ἔλλοψ, - οποςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: 1. poet. adj. of ἰχθῦς (Hes. Sc. 212), in this function also ἔλλοπος (Emp. 117) and ἐλλός (S. Aj. 1297, Ath. 277d); of κούρα (Theoc. Syrinx 18); 2. poet. for `fish' in general (Lyk.); 3. name of a great, rare and expensive fish, which is compared, and identified with, a sturgeon (Arist.); in this meaning usually written ἔλοψ (Epich., Archestr., Plu.), Lat. (h)elops; 4. name of a snake (Nic. Th. 490).Derivatives: Denom. verb ἐλλοπιεύω `fish' (Theoc. 1, 42); note ἐλλόπιδας acc. pl. (Crat. 408 acc. to H.; - οδες EM 331, 53), acc. to H. a. o. = τοὺς στρουθοὺς η νεοττοὺς ὄφεως; unclear ἀλλοπίης adj. of τράχουρος (Numen. ap. Ath. 7, 326a).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The ancients explained the word either as `dumb' or as `scaly', the first with an impossible etymology. The meaning `scaly' is interpreted as ἔλλοπος \< *ἔν-λοπος, prepositional bahuvrihi of λοπός `scale'; the shortened form ἔλλοψ would be after animal's names in - οψ (metri causa?); a second analogical shortening (cf. αἶθοψ: αἰθός) gave ἐλλός. Remains the single λ in ἔλοψ, Lat. (h)elops; as this notation seems to indicate a special fish, ἔλοψ could be of foreign origin. This would mean a cross of a foreign fish name with an inherited adjective - Cf. Thompson s. v. and Strömberg Fischnamen 30f. - The interchange λ\/λλ is frequent in Pre-Greek (Fur. 387); further we find ο\/α and π\/β: ἀλ(λ)άβης (Str. 17,2,4, Ath. 7, 312b; PTeb.), ἔλαψ (Gp.); interchange - αβ-\/- οπ- is well known. Fur. 107; here also ἀλλοπίης. So we prob. have a pre-Greek word fo a great fish. I reconstruct *alya\/op\/b-, see Beekes, Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,500Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔλλοψ
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119 ἔμπαιος 2
ἔμπαιος 2Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `experienced, skilful' (υ 379, φ 400; Lyc. 1321).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably]Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔμπαιος 2
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120 ἔνδον
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `inside, at home' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἐνδο-μάχᾱς `fighting at home' (Pi.), ἐνδό-μυχος `who has his hiding place inside' (S.), - μενία, ἐνδουχία `furniture, movables' (Plb.; ἐνδυμενία Phryn., Pap.; after δύομαι `go inside'?).Derivatives: ἔνδο-θεν (like οἴκο-θεν etc..) `from inside, from the house' (Il.), ἔνδο-θι = ἔνδον (Hom.); on ἐνδοθίδιος s. below; ἐνδοσε (acc.?) = εἴσω (Keos), ἔνδω (Delph.; after ἔξω). Compar. and superl. ἐνδοτέρω (Hp., postclass.), - τάτω (postclass.); late ἐνδότερος, - τατος (VIp). - Through mixing with ἐντός arose ἐνδός (Dor.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 27,11) with ἐνδοσθίδια pl. `intestines' (Epidaur.), with Cret. development ἐνδοθίδιος `living at home' (Gort.), ἐνδόσθια (LXX) = ἐντόσθια. After οἴκοι a. o. ἔνδοι (Lesb. Dor.; see Solmsen Wortforschung 114); on ἐνδάπιος s. v.; unclear ἐνδύλω ἔνδοθεν H. (like μικκύλος, δριμύλος? Baunack Phil. 70, 383). ἐνδινα s.v.Etymology: ἔνδον is identical with Hitt. andan `in it'; also anda `id.' = Lat. endo. Often explained as `in the house', from ἐν and an endingless locative of the root noun for `house' in δά-πεδον, δεσ-πότης, δόμ-ος (s. vv.); one adduces the expression Διὸς ἔνδον ἀγηγέρατο Υ 13, but the gen. can as well be elliptic; s. Vendryes MSL 15, 358ff. - Schwyzer 625f., Schwyzer-Debrunner 546f., Lejeune Les adv. en - θεν (s. index), Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 2, 723 w. n. 1. DELG rejects this view: it fits neither form nor meaning. Cf. Meid AAHG 1974, 54Page in Frisk: 1,511-512Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνδον
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