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1 πτῶμα
-ατος + τό N 3 0-2-4-10-7=23 Jgs 14,8; Is 8,14; 30,13.14fall Jdt 8,19; disaster, misfortune Is 8,14; fallen body, corpse, carcass Jgs 14,8*Jb 15,23 εἰς πτῶμα to be a carcass-איד/ב as disaster or-פיד/ב as disaster for MT ידו/ב in his hand?; *Jb 33,17 ἀπὸ πτώματος from a fall-ברשׁ/מ for MT גבר/מ from manCf. HORSLEY 1987, 8; →NIDNTT -
2 πῆμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `disaster, sorrow, distress' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. ἀ-πήμων `without disaster, undamaged' (Il.); from there πήμων `baleful' (Orph.). Denominat. πημαίνω `to do harm, to damage' (Il.).Derivatives: Besides the enlargements: πημον-ή f. `id.' (trag., treaty ap. Th. 5, 18), πημο-σύνη f. `id.' (A., E., Orph.), ἀπημο-σύνη f. `sorrowlessness' (Thgn.) = ἀπημον-ίη f. (Call.); cf. Wyss - σύνη 33 a. 39.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Primary verbal noun, in Greek isolated. An exact formal agreement may be found in Av. pāman- n. name of a skin-disease; further, deviating only in gender, Skt. pāmán- m. `kind of skindisease, scratch'. Semantically much better fits Skt. pāpmán- m. `disaster, damage, sorrow', but this seems a transformation of pāmán- after pāpá- `bad, evil'. Further connections are uncertain, s. Mayrhofer s. pāpáḫ and pāmā́ w. further lit., W.-Hofmann s. paeminōsus (also w. lit.). -- Cf. πηρός and ταλαίπωρος.Page in Frisk: 2,529Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῆμα
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3 κάμνω
Aκαμεῖται Il.2.389
, Pl.Lg. 921e; [dialect] Ep. inf.- έεσθαι A.R.3.580
: [tense] aor. 2 ἔκᾰμον, [dialect] Ep.κάμον Il.4.187
,al.; inf. καμεῖν, [dialect] Ep. subj. redupl. κεκάμω, κεκάμῃσι, κεκάμωσιν, Il.1.168, 17.658, 7.5 (but Aristarch. read κε κάμω, etc., prob. rightly): [tense] pf.κέκμηκα Il.6.262
, etc.: [tense] plpf.ἐκεκμήκεσαν Th.3.98
; [dialect] Ep. part. κεκμηώς, κεκμηῶτι, κεκμηῶτα, Il.23.232, 6.261, Od.10.31;κεκμηότας Il.11.802
; κεκμηῶτας is v.l. for κεκμηκότας in Th.3.59:— [voice] Med., [tense] aor. 2ἐκᾰμόμην Od.9.130
, [dialect] Ep.καμ- Il.18.341
.I trans., work, μίτρη, τὴν Χαλκῆες κάμον ἄνδρες wrought it, 4.187, 216;ἐπεὶ πάνθ' ὅπλα κάμε 18.614
;σκῆπτρον.., τὸ μὲν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων 2.101
, cf. 8.195;κ. νῆας Od.9.126
;πέπλον Il.5.338
, cf. Od.15.105;ἵππον 11.523
;λέχος 23.189
; ἄστυ build, A.R.1.1322: also in [tense] aor. [voice] Med.,ἱρόν Id.2.718
.2 [tense] aor.[voice] Med., win by toil, τὰς (sc. γυναῖκας)αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ Il.18.341
.3 [tense] aor.[voice] Med., labour, till,οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον.. ἐκάμοντο Od.9.130
;οἴκους Philet.8
.II intr., toil, labour, τινι for one, Od.14.65;ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως Th.2.41
: then, from the effect of continued work, to be weary, , cf. 11.802: with acc. of the part, οὐδέ τι γυῖα.. κάμνει nor is he weary in limb, 19.170, etc.; ;ὁ δ' ἀριστερὸν ὦμον ἔκαμνεν 16.106
: freq. c. part., κ. πολεμίζων, ἐλαύνοντες, ἐρεθίζων, is weary of fighting, rowing, etc., 1.168, 7.5, 17.658, etc.;οὐ μέν θην κάμετον.. ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας 8.448
;ἔκαμον δέ μοι ὄσσε πάντῃ παπταίνοντι Od.12.232
; but οὐδέ τι τόξον δὴν ἔκαμον τανύων I did not long strain over stringing the bow, i.e. did it without effort, 21.426, cf. Il.8.22: later freq. with neg., οὔτοι καμοῦμαι.. λέγουσα I shall never be tired of saying, A.Eu. 881;μὴ κάμῃς λέγων E.IA 1143
; ;οὔποτε κάμοιμ' ἂν ὀρχουμένη Ar.Lys. 541
(lyr.); κ. εὐεργετῶν, ἐπαινῶν, Pl.Grg. 470c,Lg. 921e: c. dat., κ. δαπάναις to grow tired in spending, spare expense, Pi.P.1.90.3 to be sick or suffering, τί πάσχεις; τί κάμνεις; Ar.Nu. 708; οἱ κάμνοντες the sick, Hdt.1.197, cf. S.Ph. 282, And.1.64, Pl.R. 407c, Ep.Jac.5.15, etc.; of a doctor's patients, Hp.Acut.1, D.18.243, SIG943.10 ([place name] Cos); καμοῦσα ἀπέθανε having fallen sick, And.1.120: c. acc. cogn.,κάμνειν νόσον E.Heracl. 990
, Pl.R. 408e; [ τὴν ποδάγραν] v.l. in Arist.HA 604a23;τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Hdt.2.111
; τὰ σώματα to be ill or distempered in body, Pl.Grg. 478a;ὠσίν τε κὤμμασιν Herod.3.32
;πάθᾳ Pi.P.8.48
; ;ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος Luc.Tox.60
;ὑπὸ νόσου Hdn.3.14.2
.4 generally, to be distressed, meet with disaster,στρατοῦ καμόντος A.Ag. 670
;τῷ πεποιημένῳ κ. μεγάλως Hdt.1.118
, cf. A.Ag. 482 (lyr.), E.Med. 1138, HF 293; οὐ καμῇ τοὐμὸν μέρος wilt not have to complain.., S.Tr. 1215;κ. ἔν τινι E.Hec. 306
, IA 966; of a ship, : c. acc. cogn., οὐκ ἴσον καμὼν ἐμοὶ λύπης not having borne an equal share of grief, S.El. 532.5 in [tense] aor. part., of the dead, i. e. either outworn, or those whose work is done, or those who have met with disaster, , cf.Theoc.17.49;βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων Od.11.476
; εἴδωλα κ. 24.14, Il.23.72, cf. A.Supp. 231, etc.: also in [tense] pf. part. in Trag. and Prose,κεκμηκότες S.Fr. 284
, E.Supp. 756, Th.3.59, Pl.Lg. 718a, 927b, Arist.EN 1101a35; ἱερὰ τῶν κ. E.Tr.96; also in the finite Verb,ὅπη ἄνθρωπος ἔκαμε Berl.Sitzb. 1927.158
([place name] Cyrene).--The [tense] pf. is always intr. (Cf. Skt. śamnīte 'work hard', 'serve zealously', śamitár- 'sacrificing priest', Gr. εἰρο-κόμος, κομέω, κομίζω.) -
4 πταίω
πταίω 1 aor. ἔπταισα; pf. ἔπταικα LXX; aor. pass. ptc. masc. acc. πταισθέντα (Papias v.l.) (Pind. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 38:1; ApcSed 1:1; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; trans. only the Catena on Mt 27:11 [JCramer I 231] in ref. to Papias [3:2] ὑπὸ τῆς ἁμάξης πταισθέντα struck by the cart) in our lit. only intr.① to lose one’s footing, stumble, trip (X., An. 4, 2, 3 πρὸς τὰς πέτρας; Polyb. 31, 11, 5 πρὸς τὸν λίθον; Jos., Bell. 6, 64 πρὸς πέτρᾳ), in imagery (as Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.) in which the lit. sense is clearly discernible. Abs. (Maximus Tyr. 34, 2e) μὴ ἔπταισαν ἵνα πέσωσιν; they did not stumble so as to fall into ruin, did they? Ro 11:11. The ‘stumbling’ means to make a mistake, go astray, sin (Pla., Theaet. 160d al.; abs. Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 6; M. Ant. 7, 22 ἴδιον ἀνθρώπου φιλεῖν καὶ τοὺς πταίοντας; POxy 1165, 11 εἴτε ἔπταισαν εἴτε οὐκ ἔπταισαν=‘whether they have committed an error or not’; Dt 7:25; TestJob 38:1; ApcSed 1:1; EpArist 239; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 66) πολλὰ πταίομεν we commit many sins Js 3:2a (ApcSed 1:1); πτ. ἐν ἑνί sin in one respect (only) 2:10. ἐν λόγῳ in what one says 3:2b.② to experience disaster, be ruined, be lost (Hdt. 9, 101; Aristot., Rhet. 3 al.; Diod S 15, 33, 1 et al.; Philo, De Jos. 144; Jos., Ant. 7, 75; 14, 434) of the loss of salvation 2 Pt 1:10: the aor., as in reff. cited above, provides the semantic component of climactic disaster. But mng. 1 also has supporters.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
5 ηδω
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6 μάταιος
-α/ος,-ον + A 6-5-41-17-6=75 Ex 20,7(bis); 23,1; Lv 17,7; Dt 5,11in profane sense: meaningless, worthless Mi 1,14; vain, useless (of human actions) Ps 59(60),13; vain, nothing (of pers.) Ps 61(62),10; without ground or false Ex 23,1; foolish Ps 93(94),11; vain, empty (of hope) Is 31,2in relig. sense: false (of prophecies) Zph 3,13; οἱ μάταιοι or τὰ μάταια vanities, vain gods, idols Lv 17,7, see also 2 Chr 11,15ἐπὶ ματαίῳ in vain Ex 20,7*Is 22,2 μάταια vain-⋄ואשׁ? for MT אותשׁת ⋄אהשׁ noise, cpr. Is 28,29; *Hos 12,2 μάταια vain things, idols-ואשׁ? for MT דשׁ violence; *Ps 5,10 ματαία vain, sinful-⋄און? for MT ⋄הוה destruction, disasterCf. HARLE 1988, 157; LARCHER 1985, 749; LE BOULLUEC 1989 59.232(Ex 23,1); →LSJ RSuppl (Lv17,7; 2 Chr 11,15); NIDNTT; TWNT -
7 πειρασμός
-οῦ + ὁ N 2 6-0-0-1-7=14 Ex 17,7; Dt 4,34; 6,16; 7,19; 9,22test, trial Dt 4,34; temptation Sir 44,20; disaster, plague Dt 7,19; Πειρασμός (toponym) Ex 17,7; neol. Cf. BERTRAM 1952, 41-45; DOGNIEZ 1992 58.65.98.144. 157.179; HATCH 1889, 71-72; KORN 1937, 1-88; SPICQ 1982, 548-559; WEVERS 1990, 267; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
8 αἱλιφθορία
αἱλι-φθορία, ἡ,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἱλιφθορία
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9 καταλαμβάνω
A (in pass.sense, A.D.Synt. 48.9), [dialect] Ion.- λάμψομαι Hdt.6.39
, [dialect] Aeol. - λᾱμψομαι dub. in Alc.Supp. 5.9 (v. λαμβάνω): [tense] pf. , etc. ( (Carpathos, iv B. C.)),- λελάβηκα Pherecyd.Syr.
ap. D.L.1.122, Hdt.3.42 (v.l. -λελαβήκεε):—[voice] Pass., [dialect] Ion. [tense] aor.- ελάμφθην Id.5.21
; (Zelea, iv B. C.): [tense] pf. in med. sense, D.S.17.85:—seize, lay hold of, c. acc.,τοῦ κατὰ νῶτα λαβών Od.9.433
, cf. Ar.Lys. 624, etc.;κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Th.1.126
, cf. Hdt.5.71, Ar.Lys. 263(lyr., tm.), Isoc.4.153, etc. (metaph., τὴν τοῦ νέου τῆς ψυχῆς ἀκρόπολιν κ. Pl.R. 560b); πάντα φυλακαῖς κ. Plu.Per.33;κ. ἕδρας Ar.Ec.21
, 86; φάσκων Ποσειδῶ πρότερον Ἀθηνᾶς καταλαβεῖν αὐτήν (sc. τὴν πόλιν) Isoc.12.193; later, simply, arrive at a place, POxy. 1829 (vi A. D.), etc.:—[voice] Med., seize for oneself,τὰ πρήγματα Hdt.6.39
; τὰ ἄλλοι οὐ κατελάβοντο matters which others had not preoccupied, ib.55: freq. in Plb.,κ. λόφον 1.19.5
, al.:—[voice] Pass., of a person, ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καταληφθείς possessed, Plot. 5.8.11.2 of death, fatigue, disaster, etc.,τὸν δὲ κατ' ὄσσε ἔλλαβε.. θάνατος Il.5.82
;Ἄργον.. κατὰ μοῖρ' ἔλαβεν.. θανάτοιο Od.17.326
: c. dupl. acc., ;Δίκη καταλήψεται ψευδῶν τέκτονας Heraclit.28
; befall, overtake,συμφορὰ κ. πόλεις E.Hipp. 1161
: freq.in Hdt., ; πένθεα μεγάλα τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους κ. ibid., cf. 3.42; ὅσα φεύγοντας ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος κακὰ ἐπίδοξα καταλαμβάνειν may be expected to befall them, 4.11; : folld. by inf.,νοῦσός τινα κ. νοσῆσαι 3.149
, cf. 3.75; πρίν τι ἀνήκεστον ἡμᾶς κ. Th.4.20;κίνδυνος κ. τινά D.18.99
; rarely of good fortune,τοῦτον κατέλαβε εὐτυχίη τις Hdt.3.139
.3 seize with the mind, comprehend, Pl.Ax. 370a, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.39, Plb.8.2.6, Ev.Jo.1.5 (perh. overcome); κάλλος διὰ τῆς [ ὄψεως] Pl.Phdr. 250d;ἐκ τοῦ φάσματος ὅτι.. D.H.5.46
, cf. Arr.Epict.1.5.6:—so in [voice] Med., D.H.2.66, S.E.M.7.288;ὅτι.. Act.Ap.4.13
;τί τὸ πλάτος Ep.Eph.3.18
:— [voice] Pass., Phld.Sign.22, Mus.p.62K., Numen. ap. Eus.PE14.8.II catch, overtake, come up with,τοὺς φεύγοντας Hdt.1.63
, cf. 2.30, etc.:—[voice] Pass., Id.7.211, Plb.1.47.8.2 find on arrival, c. part.,τινὰ ζῶντα Hdt.3.10
;τὰ πλεῖστα.. προειργασμένα Th.8.65
;πάντα ἔξω Id.2.18
;ἀνεῳγμένην τὴν θύραν Pl. Smp. 174d
;τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἐξιόντας D.21.85
;τινὰ ἔνδον Pl.Prt. 311a
;τῶν φορτίων πολλὴν ἀπρασίαν D.34.8
;τι ὑπάρχον Arist.Top. 131a29
; detect,ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ ἐμαυτόν Pl.Ap. 22b
:—[voice] Pass., , cf. Ev.Jo.8.3, etc.;κατείληπτο σοφιζόμενος D.21.164
; to be taken by surprise, Plu.Publ.20.III impers., καταλαμβάνει τινά c. inf., it happens to one, it is one's fortune to..,καταλαμβάνει μιν φεύγειν Hdt.2.152
, cf. 3.118;καταλελάβηκέ με.. τοῦτο.. ἐκφῆναι Id.3.65
, cf. 4.105, 6.38.IV abs., πρὸς τὴν καταλαβοῦσαν συμφορήν that had befallen, Id.4.161; τὰ καταλαβόντα, = τὰ συμβάντα, what had happened, the circumstances, Id.9.49;ἢν πόλεμος καταλάβῃ Th.2.54
, cf. 18;εἰ -λαμβάνοι ἀναχώρησις Id.4.31
; τῆς νυκτὸς -λαμβανούσης as night was coming on, D.S.20.86;Χειμῶνος ἤδη -λαμβάνοντος Hdn.7.2.9
.V hold down, cover,τῇ Χειρὶ τὸν ὀφθαλμόν Pl.Tht. 165b
;τὰς Χεῖρας Plu.Sert.26
; fasten down,κ. πῶμα γόμφοις Id.2.356c
, cf. Gal.13.358 (so in [voice] Med., D.S.3.37):—[voice] Pass., to be compressed, opp. διαλύεσθαι, Arist.Pr. 870b11;τὰς φλέβας -λαμβανόμενοι Id.Somn.Vig. 455b7
.2 keep under, repress, check,κ. τινῶν αὐξανομένην τὴν δύναμιν Hdt.1.46
; κ. τὸ πῦρ get it under, ib.87;ἴσχε καὶ κ. σεωυτόν Id.3.36
; κ. τὰς διαφοράς put an end to them, Id.7.9.β; κ. ἐρίζοντας stop their quarrelling, Id.3.128: folld. by inf.,κ. τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους ταῦτα μὴ ποιέειν Id.2.162
; ὁ τῶν Περσέων θάνατος καταλαμφθεὶς ἐσιγήθη inquiries about their death being checked.., Id.5.21.b κ. τὸ πνεῦμα hold the breath, Gal.6.176, al.3 bind,κ. πίστι καὶ ὁρκίοισι Hdt.9.106
;ὅρκοις Th.4.86
, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,εἴ τινι -λέλαμμαι ὅρκῳ SIG360.41
([place name] Chersonesus); νόμοις, ἔθεσι κατειλημμένα enforced, Arist.Pol. 1324b22; ; [ τὰς σπονδὰς] ηὗρε κατειλημμένας he found the treaty concluded, Th.5.21 codd.4 compel, constrain one to do, c. inf., ἀναγκαίη μιν κ. φαίνειν forces him to bring out the truth, Hdt.3.75:—[voice] Pass., ἀναγκαίῃ καταλαμβανόμενος being constrained, Id.2.65, cf. Th.7.57.5 convict, condemn, Antipho 2.4.11; opp. ἀπολύειν, Id.4.4.9;ἐὰν καταληφθεὶς ἀποθάνω Id.2.2.9
, cf. IG12(2).526A20 (Eresus, iv B. C.); of the prosecutor, secure a conviction, Rev.Phil.1928.192 (Erythrae, v B. C.); (Teos, ii B. C.), etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταλαμβάνω
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10 Κρόνιος
A of Cronos or Saturn,ὦ Κρόνιε παῖ A.Pr. 577
, Pi.O.2.12; K. ἅλς the Adriatic, A.R.4.327, 509; but K. πόντος the North Sea, Orph.A. 1081.b Astrol., Κρόνιον ὄμμα εἰς τὸν οἶκον ἐνέσκηψε, i.e. disaster, Hld.2.24.2 Κρόνια (sc. ἱερά), τά, festival of Cronos at Athens on the twelfth of Hecatombaeon (hence called μὴν Κρόνιος, Plu.Thes.12);ὄντων Κρονίων D.24.26
; K.ἐνστάντων Alciphr.3.57
; later, = Lat. Saturnalia, D.H.4.14, Plu.2.272e, etc.3 Κρόνιον (sc. ὄρος), τό, the hill of Cronos, near Olympia, Pi.O.1.111; = Lat. templum Saturm, D.C. 45.17.4 Κρόνιον, τό, = δελφίνιον, Ps.-Dsc.3.73.II = Κρονικός 11, Κρονίων ὄζειν to smell of the dark ages, Ar.Nu. 398, cf. Sch.ad loc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Κρόνιος
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11 περιγίγνομαι
A- γενήσομαι Th.4.27
, etc.: [tense] aor.- εγενόμην Hdt.1.122
, etc.: [tense] pf. - γέγονα ib.82, etc.;- γεγένημαι Th.1.69
, etc.:— to be superior to others, prevail over, overcome: Constr. in full, c. gen. pers. et dat. rei,μήτι δ' ἡνίοχος περιγίγνεται ἡνιόχοιο 11.23.318
; , cf. 252 ; πολυτροπίῃ τινὸς π. Hdt.2.121.έ, cf. Th.1.55, Pl.Ap. 22c ;τάχει τοσοῦτον π. τινός X.Cyr.3.1.19
;τῶν χρημάτων τῶν ἐν Δελφοῖς π. ταῖς ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων δαπάναις Isoc.5.54
: c.acc. rei,δσα.. περιγένοιντο ἐμοῦ D.18.236
; τὰ Ὀλύμπια π. Plu.2.242b: c. gen. pers. only, Hdt.1.207, Ar.V. 604 ;π. καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν τῶν ἐχθρῶν Pl. R. 362b
, etc.: c. acc. pers. (in an anacoluthon), κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν Ἕλληνας ὁμοφρονέοντας χαλεπὰ εἶναι π. Hdt.9.2 : abs., to be superior, prevail, Id.1.214, Th.4.27, etc.; π. τῇ συμβολῇ, τῷ πλῷ, Hdt.6.109, Th.8.104 ; π. πρός τινας, πρὸς τὰ ἀντιτεταγμένα, Id.1.69,5.111.2 of things, ἤν τι περιγίγνηται αὐτοῖς τοῦ πολέμου if they gain any advantage in the war, Id.6.8 ; π. ὑμῖν πλῆθος νεῶν you have a superiority in number of ships, Id.2.87 ; π. ἡμῖν μὴ προκάμνειν we have the advantage in not.., ib.39.II live over, survive, escape, Hdt.1.82, 122, Th.4.27, etc.; οἱ περιγενόμενοι the survivors, Hdt.5.64, etc.: c. gen. rei, περιεγένετο τούτον τοῦ πάθεος he survived, escaped from this disaster, ib.46 ; τῆς δίκης π. Pl.Lg. 905a ; ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων π. Th.2.49.2 of things, remain over and above, opp. ἐπιλείπειν, Ar.Pl. 554, cf. Lys. 30.20 ;περιγενόμενον ἐκ τοῦ προτέρου ἐνιαυτοῦ IG12.352.10
; τάλαντα ἃ περιεγένοντο τῶν φόρων which remained from the tribute, the surplus, X.HG2.3.8 ;τὸ περιγιγνόμενον τῶν πόρων ἀργύριον Isoc.8.82
, cf. Pl. Lg. 742b, PRev.Laws 19.8(iii B.C.), etc.; τὰ περιγινόμενα the revenues, Arr.An.7.17.4.3 of things, to be left over: hence, to be a result or consequence, ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων κινδύνων καὶ πόλει καὶ ἰδιώτῃ μέγισται τιμαὶ π. Th.1.144 ;ἀμαχητὶ π. τινί τι Id.4.73
; ἡ ἠθικὴ ἐξ ἔθους π. Arist. EN 1103a17 ; τί αὐτῷ περιγέγονεν ἐκ τῆς φιλοσοφίας ; D.L.2.68 ;περιεγένετο ὥστε καλῶς ἔχειν X.An.5.8.26
;τούτου μόνου περιγίγνεσθαι μέλλοντος, παθεῖν τι κακόν D.3.12
; ἐκ τούτων περιγίγνεταί τι the upshot of the matter is.., Id.8.53 ; τοῖς μὲν.. πεισθεῖσιν ἡ σωτηρία περιεγένετο to those who complied safety was the result, Id.18.80 ; περίεστι δέ μοι τοιαῦτα οἷα τοῖς κακόν τι νοοῦσιν ὑμῖν περιγένοιτο that is what I have got by the business, and I hope that your enemies may get the like , Id.Ep.3.36 ; ἀηδὴς δόξα τῇ πόλει παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς π. Id.Prooem. 23 ;ἡ ἐκ τῆς πραγματικῆς ἱστορίας περιγινομένη ἐμπειρία Plb.1.35.9
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιγίγνομαι
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12 προσπταίω
A hurt by striking against a thing, injure,τὸ γόνυ Hdt.6.134
;τὸν πόδα Plu. Ages.3
: abs., bump oneself, Pl.R. 604c; hurt one's foot, X.HG3.3.3; stumble, Ar.Pl. 121;πρὸς τὸν οὐδόν Plu.TG17
;ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ Thphr.Char. 15.8
;πόδεσσι Q.S.
l.c.2 c. dat. objecti, stumble upon, strike against,τισὶν ὥσπερ προβόλοις D.10.63
;τῷ νόμῳ Porph.Chr.30
.3 generally, to be checked,πνεῦμα προσπταῖον ἐν τῇ ἄνω φορῇ Hp.Acut. 42
; of the tongue, Arist.Pr. 905b30;προσπταίειν.. ποιεῖ τὸν ἀκροατήν Id.Rh. 1409b19
.II metaph., suffer check or disaster, opp. εὐτυχέω, Hdt.3.40; of shipwreck,π. περὶ τὸν Ἄθων Id.7.22
; esp. fail in war, suffer defeat,ναυμαχίῃ Id.9.107
;προσπταίσας μεγάλως Id.1.16
, cf. 2.161, 5.62; πρὸς Τεγεήτας lost battles against them, Id.1.65;τῷ πεζῷ π. πρὸς τοὺς Βρύγους Id.6.45
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προσπταίω
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13 προφανής
προφαν-ής, ές,II seen clearly or plainly, conspicuous,φῶς τῷ Κύρῳ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ π. γενέσθαι X.Cyr.4.2.15
;τὰ προφανέστατα εἴδη Thphr.HP3.18.8
.2 metaph., plain, clear,ἡμῖν προφανῆ Pl.R. 530d
; ἀπὸ τοῦ προφανοῦς openly, Th.1.35,66, 2.93, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ π. Id.3.43,6.73, etc.;ἐκ τοῦ προφανεστάτου D.S.12.39
. Adv. , PTeb.25.5 (ii B.C.), Plb.1.21.9, Lysis ap. Iamb. VP17.77, Gal.1.643, al.3 metaph., famous, renowned, Man.2.362; conspicuous, extraordinary, of a disaster, IG12(8).92.2 (Imbros, ii/i B.C.): irreg. [comp] Comp. (s.v.l.).III στομάτων προφανέων f.l. in Hp.Mul. 1.17.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προφανής
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14 ἐπίκηρος
A subject to death, perishable, mortal, Hp.Morb.Sacr.1 ([comp] Sup.), Arist.GA 753a7 ([comp] Comp.); φθαρτή τε καὶ ἐ. [φύσις] Id.Mu. 392a34;βίος Call.Epigr.59
; τὸ τῆς φύσεως ἐ. Pl.Ax. 367b; τὸ θνητὸν καὶ ἐ. Phld. Mort.38, etc.b. of plants, delicate, Thphr.HP6.7.3,7.5.1.2. subject to disaster, hazardous,ἐ. πρᾶγμα ἡ περίφρασις Longin.29.1
;κοινωνία Plot.4.4.18
: [comp] Sup.- ότατος Hsch.
Adv., τῆς φιλοσοφίας -ρωςδιακειμένης Isoc.11.49
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπίκηρος
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15 ἔρρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `go (away), go to one's own harm, go to ruin', mostly perfective `be away, be lost' (Il.); (Schwyzer-Debrunner 274), mostly with unpleasant side-meaning of unhappiness, disaster, mostly in ipv. and imperatival expressions,Other forms: Locr. ipv. Ϝερρέτω, El. inf. (in imperat. function) Ϝάρρεν; non-present- forms are rare: fut. ἐρρήσω (h. Merc. 259, Com.), aor. ἤρρησα (Com.), perf. εἰσ-ήρρηκα (Ar. Th. 1075)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Expressive word of the common lenguage and the poetic language, unknown to prose. Unexplained. Derivation from *Ϝέρσι̯ω and connection with Lat. verrō `sweep', OCS vrъchǫ, vrěšti `thresh' fails, apart from the semantic differences, from the general Greek, clearly expressive geminate - ρρ-. Old interjection?Page in Frisk: 1,566Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρρω
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16 κῆδος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `care, mourning, funeral rites; connection by marriage, affinitas' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. κᾶδοςCompounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἀ-κηδής `careless, unburried' (Il.) with ἀκήδεια, - ίη, ἀκηδέω, - ιάω; also ἀ-κήδεσ-τος `id.' (Il.; Schwyzer 503), προσ-κηδής `carefull, connected, befriended' (φ 35, Hdt. 8, 136, A. R.); after προσ-φιλής?, cf. on the formation and meaning Sommer Nominalkomp. 110 n. 2, Levin ClassPhil. 45, 110f. - As 1. member in Κηδι-κράτης (IVa; Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 236; after Άλκι-).Derivatives: 1. κηδεστής m. `relative by marriage' (Att.) with κηδεστ(ε)ία `connexion by marriage', κηδέστρια f. `nurse' (pap.); also κηδέστωρ `educator' (Man.; archaising, s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 139f.). 2. Adjectives: κήδε(ι)ος `worth caring for, beloved, relative' (Il.), ἐπικήδειος `belonging to the dead, belonging to grief' (E., Pl. Lg. 800e), κηδόσυνος `dear' (E. Or. 1017) and κηδοσύνη (dat. pl. - σύνῃσι) `grief' (A. R.; Wyss - σύνη 42). 3. Denomin. verb κηδεύω `care for, bury, marry' (Att.) with κήδευμα `connexion by.' (S., E.), - ευσις `care' (Ael., Plot.), - ευτής `who cares for' (Arist.), - εία `connexion, burying' (E., X.), from where κηδειακός `who buries the dead' (Pergam. IIp). - Primary superlative κήδιστος `who is closest, most dear' (Hom.; Seiler Steigerungsformen 82f.). - Primary verb κήδομαι, aor. ipv. κήδεσαι (A. Th. 139, lyr.), fut. κεκαδήσομαι (Θ 353), perf. κέκηδα (Tyrt. 12, 28), also with prefix, e. g. περι-, προ-, `care, be cared for' (Il.); also act. κήδω, fut. κηδήσω `be grieved' (Il.); κηδεμών `who cares for, educator, protectorr' (Il.; after ἡγε-μών; Schwyzer 522) with κηδεμονία `care', - μονικός `caring for' (hell.), - μονεύω `be protector' (Just.); metric. enlargement κηδεμονεύς (A. R., APl.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 63).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [517] *ḱeh₂dos `care, grief; hate?Etymology: An r-stem alternating with the s-stem in κῆδος (: κῦδος: κυδ-ρός) is since Geldner KZ 27, 242f. supposed in Av. sādra- n. `grief, pain, disaster', IE. *ḱād-os- resp. *ḱād-ro-. The s-stem Thieme Der Fremdling im RV 158f. saw in the dark riśā́das-, acc. to Th. `caring for the foreigner'. One adduces further a few nouns in Italic, Celtic and Germanic: Osc. cadeis `malevolentiae' (gen. sg.), Celt., e. g. MIr. caiss `hate', also `love' (prop. *`care'?), Welsh. cawdd `offensa, ira, indignatio', Germ., e. g. Goth. hatis n. `hate, anger'. The Germanic words all go back on a zero grade s-stem, IE. * kh₂dos- (cf. κεκαδήσομαι); the other forms are ambiguous. There is no parallel to κήδομαι in the other languages. Cf. on κεκαδών(?). The etymology depends on the question whether `love' and `hate' may be combined. - Pok. 517; on the meaning also Porzig Satzinhalte 293.Page in Frisk: 1,836-837Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῆδος
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17 λοιγός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `ruin, havoc, death' (Il.).Compounds: As 2. member in βροτο-λοιγός `destroying men' (of Ares; Il.), also in ἀθηρη-λοιγός "consumer of chaff" (?), `winnowing-fan' (Od.).Derivatives: λοίγιος `destroying, bringing disaster' (Il.), also λοιγήεις, - ής `id.' (Nic.; poet. transformations, cf. Schwyzer 527: 2 and 513: β); λοιγίστρια ὀλοθρεύτρια H.Etymology: Prop. agent noun "the destroyer" (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 307) of a primary verb preserved in Lith. líegti `be very ill, be ailing' (IE * leig-), to which belongs also the zero grade nom. actionis ligà, Latv. liga `illness, plague'; further perh. Alb. lig `bad, meagre' and (with IE *k) OIr. līach `miserable, unhappy'. (Not here ὀλίγος `slight, small' and Arm. aɫk`-at `poor'. - WP. 2, 398, Pok. 667, Fraenkel Wb. s. ligà. Uncertain combinations in Krogmann IF 53, 44ff., Jegers Balt. Etymologien (Comment. Balt. IV--V: 3, Bonn 1958) 20ff., Specht Ursprung 125, 218, 226.Page in Frisk: 2,134Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λοιγός
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18 σίνομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to rob, to pillage, to destroy, to damage' (ep. Od., Sapph., Ion., X., hell. a. late, also Argos, Crete, Herakleia; Hdt., Hp. also - έομαι; not in Att..Compounds: As 1. member in σιν-όδων, - όδους, - οντος m. name of a fish (Arist., Dorio a. o.), folketymol. for συν- σίνομαι (s. Strömberg 45). Unclear however σινάμωρος approx. `harmful, baneful, wicked, mischievous, sweet-toothed, lustful' with - ία, - έω, - ευμα (Ion., com., Arist. a. o.); because of the short ι not to the verb, but to the noun σίνος; the final fits badly with μωρός, perh. better to ἐγχεσί-μωρος, if taken as `spear-happy' (cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 272 n. 18).Derivatives: 1. σίνος n. `damage, harm, disaster' (Ion., A., Arist. a. o.) with ἀ-σινής `unharmed, harmless' (λ 110, Sapph., Ion., A., Pl., X., hell. a. late), opposite ἐπι-σινής (Thphr. a. o.). 2. σίντης m. `destroyer, robber', mostly of beasts of prey, `thief' (Il., hell. a. late epic); σίντωρ m. `id.' (Crete IVa, AP; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 123 a. 131); uncertain Σίντιες m. pl. name of the old population of Lemnos (Hom. a.o.), after Kretschmer Glotta 30, 117 prop. "the robbers" and to be distinguished from the Thracian Σιντοι. 3. Σίνις, - ιδος m. name of a mythical robber (B., E., X. a. o.), also appellat. `robber, destroyer' (A. Ag. 217 [gener. changed to ἶνις], Call., Lyc.). 4. σιναρός `damaged' (Hp., as ῥυπαρός a. o.). 5. σινότης f. `damage, flaw' (gloss.). 6. ἐπισίνιος ἐπίβουλος H. 7. σινόω ( προ- σίνομαι) = σίνομαι (Man., Vett. Val. a. o.) with σινωτικός `harmful' (late). 8. σίνδρων = πονηρός (Phot.), also `slave born of a slave' (Seleukos ap. Ath.), also as PN; cf. Masson on Hipponax 121 w. n. 3; gen. pl. σινδρῶν πονηρῶν, βλαπτικῶν H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The present σίνομαι (second. - έομαι; cf. Schwyzer 721) wit generalized length of the ι (on the unclear σίνονται Sapph. 26, 4 s. Hamm Gramm. $217a) can be best understood as yotformation *σίν-ι̯ομαι (Schwyzer 694). If inherited, σίνομαι must like κλίνω, κρίνω contain a present-forming ν, which spread not only to the sporadic aoristforms but also to the nouns σίνος, σίντης a. o. -- Not certainly explained. PGr. *τϜι-ν- can on itself be connected with σής (if from *τϜη[ι̯]-ς) and with Germ. Þwi- in OE Þwīnan `become weak, disappear' a. o. (Wood Mod. Phil. 5, 268); apart from the semant. polyinterpretability of the relevant words, there are both for σής and for Þwīnan other explanations, s. on σής and WP. 1, 702 f. (Pok. 1054) w. lit. To be rejected explanations of σίνομαι in W.-Hofmann s. sine and sonium; older lit. in Bq and Lidén IF 19, 351 w. n. 2. -- Cf. σιφλός.Page in Frisk: 2,708-709Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σίνομαι
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19 βαπτίζω
βαπτίζω fut. βαπτίσω; 1 aor. ἐβάπτισα. Mid.: ἐβαπτισάμην. Pass.: impf. ἐβαπτιζόμην; fut. βαπτισθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐβαπτίσθην; pf. ptc. βεβαπτισμένος (Hippocr., Pla., esp. Polyb.+; UPZ 70, 13 [152/151 B.C.]; PGM 5, 69; LXX; ApcSed 14:7 [p. 136, 8f Ja.]; Philo; Joseph.; SibOr 5, 478; Just.; Mel., Fgm. 8, 1 and 2 Goodsp.=8b, 4 and 14 P.—In Gk. lit. gener. to put or go under water in a variety of senses, also fig., e.g. ‘soak’ Pla., Symp. 176b in wine) in our lit. only in ritual or ceremonial sense (as Plut.; Herm. Wr. [s. 2a below]; PGM 4, 44; 7, 441 λουσάμενος κ. βαπτισάμενος; 4 Km 5:14; Sir 34:25; Jdth 12:7; cp. Iren. 1, 21, 3 [Harv. I 183, 83]).① wash ceremonially for purpose of purification, wash, purify, of a broad range of repeated ritual washing rooted in Israelite tradition (cp. Just., D. 46, 2) Mk 7:4; Lk 11:38; Ox 840, 15.—WBrandt, Jüd. Reinheitslehre u. ihre Beschreibg. in den Ev. 1910; ABüchler, The Law of Purification in Mk 7:1–23: ET 21, 1910, 34–40; JDöller, D. Reinheits-u. Speisegesetze d. ATs 1917; JJeremias, TZ 5, ’49, 418–28. See 1QS 5:8–23; 2:25–3:12; 4:20–22.② to use water in a rite for purpose of renewing or establishing a relationship w. God, plunge, dip, wash, baptize. The transliteration ‘baptize’ signifies the ceremonial character that NT narratives accord such cleansing, but the need of qualifying statements or contextual coloring in the documents indicates that the term β. was not nearly so technical as the transliteration suggests.ⓐ of dedicatory cleansing associated w. the ministry of John the Baptist (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 47, 4), abs. J 1:25, 28; 3:23a; 10:40; hence John is called ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 1:4; 6:14, 24 (Goodsp., Probs. 50–52).—Pass. Mt 3:16; ISm 1:1; oft. have oneself baptized, get baptized Mt 3:13f; Lk 3:7, 12, 21; 7:30; J 3:23b; GEb 18, 35f; IEph 18:2 al. (B-D-F §314; s. §317).—(ἐν) ὕδατι w. water Mk 1:8a; Lk 3:16a; Ac 1:5a; 11:16a; ἐν (τῷ) ὕδατι J 1:26, 31, 33; ἐν τῷ Ἰορδ. (4 Km 5:14) Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; εἰς τὸν Ἰορδ. (cp. Plut., Mor. 166a βάπτισον σεαυτὸν εἰς θάλασσαν; Herm. Wr. 4, 4 βάπτισον σεαυτὸν εἰς τὸν κρατῆρα) Mk 1:9.—W. the external element and purpose given ἐν ὕδατι εἰς μετάνοιαν Mt 3:11a (AOliver, Is β. used w. ἐν and the Instrumental?: RevExp 35, ’38, 190–97).—βαπτίζεσθαι τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου undergo John’s baptism Lk 7:29. εἰς τί ἐβαπτίσθητε; Ac 19:3 means, as the answer shows, in reference to what (baptism) were you baptized? i.e. what kind of baptism did you receive (as the context indicates, John’s baptism was designed to implement repentance as a necessary stage for the reception of Jesus; with the arrival of Jesus the next stage was the receipt of the Holy Spirit in connection with apostolic baptism in the name of Jesus, who was no longer the ‘coming one’, but the arrived ‘Lord’)? β. βάπτισμα μετανοίας administer a repentance baptism vs. 4; GEb 13, 74.—S. the lit. on Ἰωάν(ν)ης 1, and on the baptism of Jesus by John: JBornemann, D. Taufe Christi durch Joh. 1896; HUsener, D. Weihnachtsfest2 1911; DVölter, D. Taufe Jesu durch Joh.: NThT 6, 1917, 53–76; WBundy, The Meaning of Jesus’ Baptism: JR 7, 1927, 56–75; MJacobus, Zur Taufe Jesu bei Mt 3:14, 15: NKZ 40, 1929, 44–53; SHirsch, Taufe, Versuchung u. Verklärung Jesu ’32; DPlooij, The Baptism of Jesus: RHarris Festschr. (Amicitiae Corolla), ed. HWood ’33, 239–52; JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36; HRowley, TManson memorial vol., ed. Higgins ’59, 218–29 (Qumran); JSchneider, Der historische Jesus u. d. kerygmatische Christus ’61, 530–42; HKraft, TZ 17, ’61, 399–412 (Joel); FLentzen-Dies, D. Taufe Jesu nach den Synoptikern, ’70. More reff. s.v. περιστερά.ⓑ of cleansing performed by Jesus J 3:22, 26; 4:1; difft. 4:2 with disclaimer of baptismal activity by Jesus personally.ⓒ of the Christian sacrament of initiation after Jesus’ death (freq. pass.; s. above 2a; Iren. 3, 12, 9 [Harv. II 63, 3]) Mk 16:16; Ac 2:41; 8:12f, 36, 38; 9:18; 10:47; 16:15, 33; 18:8; 22:16; 1 Cor 1:14–17; D 7 (where baptism by pouring is allowed in cases of necessity); ISm 8:2.—β. τινὰ εἰς (τὸ) ὄνομά τινος (s. ὄνομα 1dγב) baptize in or w. respect to the name of someone: (τοῦ) κυρίου Ac 8:16; 19:5; D 9:5; Hv 3, 7, 3. Cp. 1 Cor 1:13, 15. εἰς τ. ὄν. τ. πατρὸς καὶ τ. υἱοῦ καὶ τ. ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the original form of the baptismal formula see FConybeare, ZNW 2, 1901, 275–88; ERiggenbach, BFCT VII/1, 1903; VIII/4, 1904; HHoltzmann, Ntl. Theologie2 I 1911, 449f; OMoe: RSeeberg Festschr. 1929, I 179–96; GOngaro, Biblica 19, ’38, 267–79; GBraumann, Vorpaulinische christl. Taufverkündigung bei Paulus ’62); D 7:1, 4. Likew. ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χριστοῦ Ac 2:38 v.l.; 10:48; ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. Ac 2:38 text; more briefly εἰς Χριστόν Gal 3:27; Ro 6:3a. To be baptized εἰς Χρ. is for Paul an involvement in Christ’s death and its implications for the believer εἰς τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ ἐβαπτίσθημεν vs. 3b (s. Ltzm. ad loc.; HSchlier, EvTh ’38, 335–47; GWagner, D. relgeschichtliche Problem von Rö 6:1–11, ’62, tr. Pauline Bapt. and the Pagan Mysteries, by JSmith, ’67; RSchnackenburg, Baptism in the Thought of St. Paul ’64, tr. of D. Heilsgeschehen b. d. Taufe nach dem Ap. Paulus ’50). The effect of baptism is to bring all those baptized εἰς ἓν σῶμα 1 Cor 12:13 (perh. wordplay: ‘plunged into one body’).—W. the purpose given εἰς ἄφεσιν τ. ἁμαρτιῶν Ac 2:38 (IScheftelowitz, D. Sündentilgung durch Wasser: ARW 17, 1914, 353–412).—Diod S 5, 49, 6: many believe that by being received into the mysteries by the rites (τελεταί) they become more devout, more just, and better in every way.—ὑπὲρ τ. νεκρῶν 1 Cor 15:29a, s. also vs. * 29b, is obscure because of our limited knowledge of a practice that was evidently obvious to the recipients of Paul’s letter; it has been interpr. (1) in place of the dead, i.e. vicariously; (2) for the benefit of the dead, in var. senses; (3) locally, over (the graves of) the dead; (4) on account of the dead, infl. by their good ex.; of these the last two are the least probable. See comm. and HPreisker, ZNW 23, 1924, 298–304; JZingerle, Heiliges Recht: JÖAI 23, 1926; Rtzst., Taufe 43f; AMarmorstein, ZNW 30, ’31, 277–85; AOliver, RevExp 34, ’37, 48–53; three articles: Kirchenblatt 98, ’42 and six: ET 54, ’43; 55, ’44; MRaeder, ZNW 46, ’56, 258–60; BFoschini, 5 articles: CBQ 12, ’50 and 13, ’51.—On the substitution of a ceremony by another person cp. Diod S 4, 24, 5: the boys who do not perform the customary sacrifices lose their voices and become as dead persons in the sacred precinct. When someone takes a vow to make the sacrifice for them, their trouble disappears at once.③ to cause someone to have an extraordinary experience akin to an initiatory water-rite, to plunge, baptize. Cp. ‘take the plunge’ and s. OED ‘Plunge’ II 5 esp. for the rendering of usage 3c, below.ⓐ typologically of Israel’s passage through the Red Sea εἰς τὸν Μωϋσῆν ἐβαπτίσαντο they got themselves plunged/ baptized for Moses, thereby affirming his leadership 1 Cor 10:2 v.l. (if the pass. ἐβαπτίσθησαν is to be read with N. the point remains the same; but the mid. form puts the onus, as indicated by the context, on the Israelites).ⓑ of the Holy Spirit (fire) β. τινὰ (ἐν) πνεύματι ἁγίῳ Mk 1:8 (v.l. + ἐν); J 1:33; Ac 1:5b; 11:16b; cp. 1 Cor 12:13 (cp. Just., D. 29, 1). ἐν πν. ἁγ. καὶ πυρί Mt 3:11b; Lk 3:16b (JDunn, NovT 14, ’72, 81–92). On the oxymoron of baptism w. fire: REisler, Orphischdionysische Mysterienged. in d. christl. Antike: Vortr. d. Bibl. Warburg II/2, 1925, 139ff; CEdsman, Le baptême de feu (ASNU 9) ’40. JATRobinson, The Baptism of John and Qumran, HTR 50, ’57, 175–91; cp. 1QS 4:20f.ⓒ of martyrdom (s. the fig. uses in UPZ 70, 13 [152/151 B.C.]; Diod S 1, 73, 6; Plut., Galba 1062 [21, 3] ὀφλήμασι βεβ. ‘overwhelmed by debts’; Chariton 2, 4, 4, βαπτιζόμενος ὑπὸ τ. ἐπιθυμίας; Vi. Aesopi I c. 21 p. 278, 4 λύπῃ βαπτιζόμενος; Achilles Tat. 3, 10, 1 πλήθει βαπτισθῆναι κακῶν; Herm. Wr. 4, 4 ἐβαπτίσαντο τοῦ νοός; Is 21:4; Jos., Bell. 4, 137 ἐβάπτισεν τ. πόλιν ‘he drowned the city in misery’) δύνασθε τὸ βάπτισμα ὸ̔ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθῆναι; Mk 10:38 (perh. the stark metaph. of impending personal disaster is to be rendered, ‘are you prepared to be drowned the way I’m going to be drowned?’); cp. vs. 39; Mt 20:22 v.l.; in striking contrast to fire Lk 12:50 (GDelling, Novum Testamentum 2, ’57, 92–115).—PAlthaus, Senior, D. Heilsbedeutung d. Taufe im NT 1897; WHeitmüller, Im Namen Jesu 1903, Taufe u. Abendmahl b. Paulus 1903, Taufe u. Abendmahl im Urchristentum 1911; FRendtorff, D. Taufe im Urchristentum 1905; HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde im ältesten Christentum 1908; ASeeberg, D. Taufe im NT2 1913; AvStromberg, Studien zu Theorie u. Praxis der Taufe 1913; GottfrKittel, D. Wirkungen d. chr. Wassertaufe nach d. NT: StKr 87, 1914, 25ff; WKoch, D. Taufe im NT3 1921; JLeipoldt, D. urchr. Taufe im Lichte der Relgesch. 1928; RReitzenstein, D. Vorgesch. d. christl. Taufe 1929 (against him HSchaeder, Gnomon 5, 1929, 353–70, answered by Rtzst., ARW 27, 1929, 241–77); FDölger, Ac I 1929, II 1930; HvSoden, Sakrament u. Ethik bei Pls: ROtto Festschr., Marburger Theologische Studien ’31, no. 1, 1–40; MEnslin, Crozer Quarterly 8, ’31, 47–67; BBacon, ATR 13, ’31, 155–74; CBowen: RHutcheon, Studies in NT, ’36, 30–48; GBornkamm, ThBl 17, ’38, 42–52; 18, ’39, 233–42; HSchlier, EvTh ’38, 335–47 ( Ro 6); EBruston, La notion bibl. du baptême: ÉTLR ’38, 67–93; 135–50; HMarsh, The Origin and Signif. of the NT Baptism ’41; KBarth, D. kirchl. Lehre v. d. Taufe2 ’43 (Eng. tr., The Teaching of the Church Regarding Baptism, EPayne ’48); FGrant, ATR 27, ’45, 253–63; HSchlier, D. kirchl. Lehre v. d. Taufe: TLZ 72, ’47, 321–26; OCullmann, Baptism in the NT (tr. JReid) ’50; MBarth, D. Taufe ein Sakrament? ’51; RBultmann, Theology of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, I 133–44; JSchneider, D. Taufe im NT ’52; DStanley, TS 18, ’57, 169–215; EFascher, Taufe: Pauly-W. 2. Reihe IV 2501–18 (’32); AOepke, TW I ’33, 527–44; GBeasley-Murray, Baptism in the NT ’62; MQuesnel, Baptisés dans l’Esprit ’85 (Acts); DDaube, The NT and Rabbinic Judaism ’56, 106–40; NMcEleney, Conversion, Circumstance and the Law: NTS 20, ’74, 319–41; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT II ’66, 1–29; OBetz, D. Proselytentaufe der Qumransekte u. d. NT: RevQ 1, ’58, 213–34; JYsebaert, Gk. Baptismal Terminology, ’62. S. τέκνον 1aα.—B. 1482. DELG s.v. βάπτω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
20 μέν
μέν affirmative particle, a weakened form of μήν (Hom.+). One of the commonest particles in Hom., Hdt. et al., but its usage declines sharply in later times. Found only 180 times in the NT. In seven of these places the editions vary (Mk 9:12; Ac 23:8; Ro 7:25; 16:19; 1 Cor 2:15; 12:20: in Ro 16:19; Gal 4:23 W-H. bracket the word). The mss. show an even greater variation. In Rv, 2 Th, 1 Ti, Tit, Phlm, 2 Pt, 1, 2, 3J it does not occur at all; Eph, Col, 1 Th, Js have only one occurrence each. It is also quite rare in 1, 2 Cl, Ign, GPt, but is common in Ac, Hb, B and esp. in Dg. It never begins a clause. Cp. Kühner-G. II p. 264ff; Schwyzer II 569f; Denniston 359–97; B-D-F §447; Rob. 1150–53; Mlt-Turner 331f.① marker of correlation, w. other particlesⓐ introducing a concessive clause, followed by another clause w. an adversative particle: to be sure … but, on the one hand … on the other hand, though in many cases an equivalence translation will not fit this scheme; rather, the contrast is to be emphasized in the second clause, often with but.α. μὲν … δέ: ἐγὼ μὲν ὑμᾶς βαπτίζω … ὁ δὲ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος Mt 3:11. ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς … οἱ δὲ ἐργάται 9:37. τὸ μὲν ποτήριόν μου πίεσθε … τὸ δὲ καθίσαι 20:23. ὁ μὲν υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου … οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ Mk 14:21. τοῦ μὲν πρώτου κατέαξαν τὰ σκέλη … ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐλθόντες J 19:32 and oft. Cp. Mt 22:8; Ac 21:39; Ro 6:11; 1 Cor 9:24; 11:14; 12:20; 2 Cor 10:10; Hb 3:5; 1 Pt 1:20.—In combination w. conjunctions: εἰ μὲν … εἰ δέ if … but if Dg 3:2 (TestJob 23:5; Ar. 13:7). εἰ μὲν οὖν … εἰ δέ if then … but if Ac 19:38; cp. 25:11. εἰ μὲν … νῦν δέ if … but now Hb 11:15. μὲν οὖν … δέ ( now) indeed … but J 19:24; 20:30; Ac 8:4; 12:5; 1 Cor 9:25. μὲν γὰρ … δέ/ἀλλά for indeed … but (Wsd 7:30; Job 28:2; 2 Macc 6:4; 7:36; 4 Macc 9:8f, 31f) Ac 13:36f; 23:8; 28:22; Ro 2:25; 1 Cor 5:3; 11:7; 2 Cor 9:1–3; 11:4; Hb 7:18, 20f; 12:10; Ac 28:22 (in reverse order): also ἀλλά for δέ in apodosis 4:16f (as 3 Macc 2:15f), s. β. κἂν μὲν …, εἰ δὲ μήγε if … but if not Lk 13:9. ἐὰν μὲν …, ἐὰν δὲ μή Mt 10:13. W. prep. εἰς μὲν … εἰς δέ Hb 9:6.β. μὲν … ἀλλά to be sure … but (Thu. 3, 2, 1; X., Oec. 3, 6; Tetr. Iamb. 1, 2, 3; TestJob 4:1; Ath. 16, 1) Mk 9:12 (v.l. without μέν). πάντα μὲν καθαρὰ ἀλλὰ κακὸν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to be sure everything is clean, but … Ro 14:20. σὺ μὲν γὰρ καλῶς … ἀλλʼ ὁ ἕτερος 1 Cor 14:17. Cp. Ac 4:16 (s. α).γ. μὲν … πλήν indeed … but (Galen, Inst. Log. c. 8, 2 Kalbfl. [1896]) Lk 22:22.ⓑ without any real concessive sense on the part of μέν, but adversative force in δέ, so that μέν need not be translated at all: αὐτοὶ μὲν … ὑμεῖς δέ Lk 11:48; cp. Ac 13:36. ἐγὼ μὲν … ἐγὼ δέ 1 Cor 1:12. τοῖς μὲν ἀπολλυμένοις … τοῖς δὲ σῳζομένοις vs. 18. Ἰουδαίοις μὲν … ἔθνεσι δέ vs. 23. ἐμοὶ μὲν … ὑμῖν δέ Phil 3:1. εἰ μὲν … εἰ δέ Ac 18:14; Dg 2:8.ⓒ Somet. the combination μὲν … δέ does not emphasize a contrast, but separates one thought from another in a series, so that they may be easily distinguished: πρῶτον μὲν … ἔπειτα δέ in the first place … then Hb 7:2. ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δέ the one … the other Mt 13:8, 23 (cp. Lucian, Hermot. 66 ὁ μὲν ἑπτά, ὁ δὲ πέντε, ὁ δὲ τριάκοντα; Just., D. 35, 6; 39, 2; cp. TestAbr A 10 p. 87, 21 [Stone p. 22] ἄλλους μὲν … ἑτέρους); Ro 9:21. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δέ the one … the other Mt 21:35; 25:15; Lk 23:33; Ac 27:44; Ro 14:5; 1 Cor 11:21; Jd 22. ἃ μὲν … ἃ δέ some … others 2 Ti 2:20. ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ the one … the other, but pl. some … others Ac 14:4; 17:32; Gal 4:23; Eph 4:11; Phil 1:16; Dg 2:2f. ἕκαστος …, ὁ μὲν οὕτως ὁ δὲ οὕτως each one …, one in one way, one in another 1 Cor 7:7. ὸ̔ς μὲν πιστεύει φαγεῖν πάντα, ὁ δὲ ἀσθενῶν the one is confident about eating anything, but the weak person Ro 14:2. τινὲς μὲν … τινὲς δέ some … but still others Phil 1:15. ἄλλη μὲν …, ἄλλη δὲ …, ἄλλη δέ … 1 Cor 15:39. ἑτέρα μὲν …, ἑτέρα δέ vs. 40. οἱ μὲν …, ἄλλοι δὲ …, ἕτεροι δέ Mt 16:14. ᾧ μὲν γὰρ …, ἄλλῳ δὲ …, ἑτέρῳ 1 Cor 12:8ff. ἃ μὲν …, ἄλλα δὲ …, ἄλλα δέ Mt 13:4ff. τοῦτο μὲν …, τοῦτο δέ in part … in part (Hdt. 3, 106; Isocr. 4, 21; 22) Hb 10:33 (μέν followed by more than one δέ: two, Libanius, Or. 18, p. 251, 3f; Or. 59 p. 240, 13; four, Or. 64 p. 469, 14).② marker of contrast or continuation without express correlation and frequently in anacoluthaⓐ when the contrast can be supplied fr. the context, and therefore can be omitted as obvious: λόγον μὲν ἔχοντα σοφίας (sc. ὄντα δὲ ἄλογα or someth. sim.) they have the reputation of being wise (but are foolish) Col 2:23 (difft. BHollenbach, NTS 25, ’79, 254–61: a subordinate clause embedded in its main clause). τὰ μὲν σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου κατειργάσθη ἐν ὑμῖν the signs that mark a true apostle were performed among you (but you paid no attention) 2 Cor 12:12. ἤδη μὲν οὖν ἥττημα indeed it is already a defeat for you (but you make it still worse) 1 Cor 6:7.—μέν serves to emphasize the subject in clauses which contain a report made by the speaker’s personal state of being, esp. intellectual or emotional; so ἐγὼ μ. Παῦλος 1 Th 2:18. ἡ μ. εὐδοκία τῆς ἐμῆς καρδίας Ro 10:1.ⓑ Somet. the contrast is actually expressed, but not in adversative form (Diod S 12, 70, 6 Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν οὖν ἐπιβουλεύσαντες τοῖς Βοιωτοῖς τοιαύτῃ συμφορᾷ περιέπεσον=so the Ath., one can see, after plotting against the B., had their fortunes reversed in such a disaster; Polyaenus with dramatic effect: 4, 3, 20 οἱ μὲν …, Ἀλέξανδρος … ; 2, 3, 2) τότε μὲν … ἔπειτα (here we expect δέ) J 11:6f. ἐφʼ ὅσον μὲν οὖν εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐθνῶν ἀπόστολος in so far, then, as I am an apostle to the nations Ro 11:13 (the contrast follows in vs. 14); cp. 7:12 and 13ff.ⓒ We notice anacoluthon in enumerations, either if they are broken off or if they are continued in some manner that is irregular in form: πρῶτον μέν in the first place Ro 1:8; 3:2; 1 Cor 11:18. πρῶτον μὲν … ἔπειτα (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 1) Js 3:17. In the prologue to Ac (s. λόγος 1b) the clause w. δέ corresponding to τὸν μὲν πρῶτον λόγον 1:1 (Diod S 11, 1, 1 ῾Η μὲν οὖν πρὸ ταύτης βίβλος … τὸ τέλος ἔσχε τῶν πράξεων … ἐν ταύτῃ δέ … The preceding book … contained … ; in this one, on the other hand …) may have been omitted through editorial activity acc. to Norden, Agn. Th. 311ff; 397.ⓓ μέν followed by καί is not customary (Ael. Aristid. 31, 19 K.=11 p. 133 D.; IAsMinSW 325, 10ff μὲν … καί; POxy 1153, 14 [I A.D.] two armbands ἓν μὲν σανδύκινον καὶ ἓν πορφυροῦν; TestJob 40:7f; ApcMos 15) Mk 4:4ff; Lk 8:5ff; MPol 2:4.ⓔ μὲν οὖν denotes continuation (TestJob 40:14; Just., A I, 7, 3; s. B-D-F §451, 1; Kühner-G. II 157f, but note Denniston’s caution, p. 473, n. 1; Mayser II/3, 152f; Rob. 1151; 1191) so, then Lk 3:18. Esp. in Ac: 1:6, 18; 2:41; 5:41; 8:25; 9:31; 11:19; 13:4; 14:3 (DSharp, ET 44, ’33, 528); 15:3, 30; 16:5; 17:12, 17, 30; 19:32; 23:18, 22, 31; 25:4; 26:4, 9; 28:5. Also 1 Cor 6:4 (B-D-F §450, 4); Hb 9:1; Papias (2:16). εἰ μὲν οὖν now if Hb 7:11; 8:4.ⓕ μενοῦν, οὐμενοῦν, and μενοῦνγε s. under these entries.—JLee, Some Features of the Speech of Jesus in Mark’s Gospel: NovT 27, ’85, 1–26.—DELG s.v. 1 μήν. M-M.
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