προσ-πταίω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to nudge, to crash into, to stumble, to err, to have bad luck' (IA.); rarely trans. `to knock over' (Pi. fr. 205, LXX).

Other forms: Aor. πταῖσαι, fut. πταίσω, also perf. (Youngatt., hell.) ἔπταικα, pass. (late) πταισθῆναι, ἔπταισμαι.

Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. προσ-.

Derivatives: πταῖσμα ( πρόσ- πταίω) n. `push, fault, misfortune, defeat' (IA., Thgn.), πρόσπταισις f. `push, stumble, collision' (D. H.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Expressive word without clear etymology. A general similarity show παίω, ῥαίω, also - κναίω a.o., which may have influenced the formation of πταίω; on the anlaut cf. πτίσσω, πτήσσω. After Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 55 through metathesis pt- from tp- as zero grade of OCS tepù `beat' etc.; pricipally to be considered. Against connection with πέτομαι (Persson Beitr. 2, 825; s. Bq) rightly WP. 2, 21. -- The word may well be Pre-Greek.

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προσ-πταίω, [dialect] Ep. [full] ποτιπταίω Q.S.7.81:—

A hurt by striking against a thing, injure,

τὸ γόνυ Hdt.6.134

;

τὸν πόδα Plu. Ages.3

: abs., bump oneself, Pl.R. 604c; hurt one's foot, X.HG3.3.3; stumble, Ar.Pl. 121;

πρὸς τὸν οὐδόν Plu.TG17

;

ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ Thphr.Char. 15.8

;

πόδεσσι Q.S.

l.c.

2 c. dat. objecti, stumble upon, strike against,

τισὶν ὥσπερ προβόλοις D.10.63

;

τῷ νόμῳ Porph.Chr.30

.

3 generally, to be checked,

πνεῦμα προσπταῖον ἐν τῇ ἄνω φορῇ Hp.Acut. 42

; of the tongue, Arist.Pr. 905b30;

προσπταίειν.. ποιεῖ τὸν ἀκροατήν Id.Rh. 1409b19

.

II metaph., suffer check or disaster, opp. εὐτυχέω, Hdt.3.40; of shipwreck,

π. περὶ τὸν Ἄθων Id.7.22

; esp. fail in war, suffer defeat,

ναυμαχίῃ Id.9.107

;

προσπταίσας μεγάλως Id.1.16

, cf. 2.161, 5.62; πρὸς Τεγεήτας lost battles against them, Id.1.65;

τῷ πεζῷ π. πρὸς τοὺς Βρύγους Id.6.45

.

III c. dat., offend, clash with,

τῷ δήμῳ Plu.Per.32

, cf. Cat.Mi.30.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to strike, to hew, to thrust, to hit, to bump' (IA., Cret.; relat. rare in Att. prose); in the non-pres. tempora, esp. in the aor., often replaced by other verbs, e.g. πατάξαι, τύψαι, πλῆξαι; cf. Bloch Suppl. Verba 83 ff.

Other forms: Boeot. πήω (Hdn.), aor. παῖσαι, pass. παισθῆναι, fut. παί-σω, - ήσω, perf. πέπαι-κα, - σμαι.

Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. παρα-, ἀντι-, ἐν-, συν-, ὑπερ-.

Derivatives: παῖμα n. `impression' (Crete), παραπαί-σματα pl. `attacks of madness' (Oenom.), παραίπαιμα παρακοπή H.; ἀνάπαι-στος `struck back,', metr. m. `anapaest' (com., Arist.); ἔμπαι-στος `embossed, coined', - σμα n. `embossment' (Delos II^a). - στικη τέχνη `the art of embossing' (Ath.); backformations ἔμπαι-ος, πρόσπαι-ος (: ἐμ-, προσ-παίω) `bursting in, suddenly' (A.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Not certainly explained. All forms are based on the pres. παίω, which may stand for *πάϜι̯ω which is of old identified with Lat. paviō `beat, stamp'; doubtful Cypr. παϜιω is however an unreliable support (s. Schwyzer 713 n. 6 w. lit.). The etymology presupposes, that one assumes with Schwyzer IF 30, 443 ff. that the non-pres. παῦ-σαι, - σω etc. to be expected together with παύω formed a new system, which is quite difficult; s. on παύω. -- Improbable Ehrlich Betonung 99 and (hesitating) Sommer Lautst. 78: from *παίσω to Lat. pinsō `knock to pieces', with ablaut pais-: pis-, as Lith. paisýti `die Grannen abschlagen, enthülsen' as secondary iterative formation does not prove an old pais-. Details w. further lit. in WP. 2, 12, Pok. 827, W.-Hofmann s. paviō. -- Cf. παιάν and πταίω, also 2. ἔμπαιος.

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