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Lysias

  • 1 κατά

    κατά (Hom.+) prep. (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά beg., also LfgrE s.v. κατά 1346; with the gen. 74 times in NT; w. acc. 391 times in NT).
    A. w. the gen.
    ⓐ of location that is relatively lower, down from someth. (Hom. et al.; LXX; Ath. 1, 4 κ. κόρρης προπηλακίζειν=to smack on one side of the head) ὁρμᾶν κ. τοῦ κρημνοῦ rush down (from) the bank (cp. Polyb. 38, 16, 7 κ. τῶν κρημνῶν ῥίπτειν; Jos., Bell. 1, 313) Mt 8:32; Mk 5:13; Lk 8:33. κ. κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have someth. on one’s head (lit. hanging down fr. the head, as a veil. Cp. Plut., Mor. 200f ἐβάδιζε κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχων τὸ ἱμάτιον.; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 499, 5 of a mummy ἔχων τάβλαν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου) 1 Cor 11:4.
    ⓑ of position relatively deep, into someth. (Od. 9, 330 κ. σπείους ‘into the depths of the cave’; Hdt. 7, 235; X., An. 7, 1, 30) ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία extreme (lit. ‘reaching down into the depths’; cp. Strabo 9, 3, 5 [419] ἄντρον κοῖλον κ. βάθους) or abysmal poverty 2 Cor 8:2. This may perh. be the mng. of πλήσσειν τινὰ κ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν strike someone deep into the eyes ApcPt 11:26 (cp. Demosth. 19, 197 ξαίνει κ. τοῦ νώτου; PPetr II, 18 [2b], 15 [246 B.C.] ἔτυπτεν αὐτὸν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου).—κ. γαστρός Just., D. 78, 3 for ἐν γαστρί Mt 1:18 (cp. Ath. 35, 2 τὸ κ. γαστρὸς ζῶον εἶναι).
    ⓒ extension in various directions within an area, throughout (so in Luke’s writings; Polyb. 3, 19, 7 κ. τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν; PGiss 48, 8 κ. κυριακῆς γῆς; Jos., Ant. 8, 297; SibOr 3, 222; 4, 24; 5, 305) γνωστὸν γενέσθαι καθʼ ὅλης Ἰόππης become known throughout all Joppa Ac 9:42. καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας 9:31; 10:37; Lk 23:5. φήμη ἐξῆλθεν καθʼ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 4:14.
    ② down upon, toward, against someone or someth, fig. ext. of 1.
    ⓐ w. verbs of swearing, to denote what one swears by (Thu. 5, 47, 8; Lysias 32, 13; Isaeus 7, 28; Demosth. 21, 119; 29, 26; SIG 526, 4ff; 685, 25; UPZ 110, 39 [164 B.C.]; BGU 248, 13; Jdth 1:12; Is 45:23; 2 Ch 36:13) by ἐξορκίζειν (q.v.) Mt 26:63. ὀμνύναι (q.v.) Hb 6:13, 16. ὁρκίζειν (q.v.) Hs 9, 10, 5. Sim. ἐρωτᾶν κ. τινος request, entreat by someone Hv 3, 2, 3.
    ⓑ in a hostile sense, against
    α. after verbs that express hostile action, etc. διχάζειν Mt 10:35. ἐπαίρεσθαι 2 Cor 10:5. ἰσχύειν Ac 19:16. κακοῦν 14:2. στρατεύεσθαι 1 Pt 2:11. φυσιοῦσθαι 1 Cor 4:6
    β. after words and expressions that designate hostile speech, esp. an accusation ἔχειν (τι) κ. τινος have or hold someth. against someone Rv 2:4, 14, 20. φέρειν J 18:29. ἐγκαλεῖν Ro 8:33. ἐντυγχάνειν τινὶ κ. τινος 11:2 (TestJob 17:5). κατηγορεῖν Lk 23:14. ποιεῖν κρίσιν Jd 15a. τὸ κ. ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον the bond that stands against us Col 2:14. ἐμφανίζειν Ac 24:1; 25:2. αἰτεῖσθαί τι 25:3, 15. αἱ κ. τινος αἰτίαι vs. 27. εἰπεῖν πονηρόν Mt 5:11 (cp. Soph., Phil. 65 κακὰ λέγειν κ. τινος. X., Hell. 1, 5, 2; Isocr., C. Nic. 13; Plut., Mor. 2a λέγειν κ.; SIG 1180, 1 λέγειν κ. τινος; Just., A I, 23, 3; 49, 6 κ. τῶν … ὁμολογούντων). λαλεῖν ῥήματα Ac 6:13; cp. Jd 15b (TestDan 4:3; JosAs 23:15). μαρτυρεῖν κ. τ. θεοῦ give testimony in contradiction to God 1 Cor 15:15. ζητεῖν μαρτυρίαν κ. τινος testimony against someone Mk 14:55. ψευδομαρτυρεῖν 14:56f. ψευδομαρτυρία Mt 26:59. γογγύζειν 20:11. στενάζειν Js 5:9. διδάσκειν Ac 21:28. συμβούλιον διδόναι (ποιεῖν v.l.) Mk 3:6; ς. λαβεῖν Mt 27:1. ψεύδεσθαι Js 3:14 (Lysias 22, 7; X., Ap. 13; Ath. 35, 1 καθʼ ἡμῶν … κατεψεύσατο).
    γ. after expressions that designate such a position or state of mind in a different way εἶναι κ. τινος be against someone (opp. ὑπέρ) Mk 9:40 (WNestle, ZNW 13, 1912, 84–87; AFridrichsen, ibid., 273–80); Ro 8:31; (opp. μετά) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23. δύνασθαί τι κ. τινος be able to do someth. against someone 2 Cor 13:8. ἔχειν τι κ. τινος have someth. against someone (in one’s heart) Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; Hs 9, 24, 2; cp. ibid. 23, 2, where the acc. is to be supplied. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. ἐπιθυμεῖν Gal 5:17. μερίζεσθαι καθʼ ἑαυτῆς Mt 12:25. Cp. 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18).—κατά prob. means against also in ἔβαλεν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος Ac 27:14. ἐτελείωσαν κ. τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα they completed the full measure of sins against their own head GPt 5:17.
    B. w. acc. (so in the NT 399 times [besides καθʼ εἷς and κατὰ εἷς])
    ⓐ of extension in space, along, over, through, in, upon (Hom. et al.; OGI 90, 7 ἐκ τῶν κ. τ. χώραν ἱερῶν; PHib 82, 19; PTebt 5, 188; LXX; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5) Ac 24:12. καθʼ ὅλην τ. πόλιν throughout the city Lk 8:39 (cp. Diod S 4, 10, 6 καθʼ ὅλην τὴν Ἐλλάδα). ἐγένετο λιμὸς κ. τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 15:14. κ. τὰς κώμας 9:6. κ. πόλεις καὶ κώμας 13:22 (Appian., Maced. 9 §1 and 4 κ. πόλεις; Just., A I, 67, 3 κ. πόλεις ἢ ἀγρούς).—κ. τόπους in place after place Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11 (Theophr., περὶ σημ. 1, 4 p. 389 W.; Cat. Cod. Astr. III 28, 11 ἐν μέρει τ. ἀνατολῆς κ. τόπους, VIII/3, 186, 1 λιμὸς καὶ λοιμὸς καὶ σφαγαὶ κ. τόπους). οἱ ὄντες κ. τὴν Ἰουδαίαν those throughout Judea or living in Judea Ac 11:1. διασπαρῆναι κ. τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας be scattered over the regions of Judea 8:1. κ. τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν in the congregation there 13:1. τοῖς κ. τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν καὶ Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν ἀδελφοῖς 15:23. τοὺς κ. τὰ ἔθνη Ἰουδαίους the Judeans (dispersed) throughout the nations 21:21. τοῖς κ. τὸν νόμον γεγραμμένοις throughout the law = in the law 24:14b. κ. τὴν ὁδόν along or on the way (Lucian, Catapl. 4; Jos., Ant. 8, 404) Lk 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. τὸ κ. Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν πέλαγος the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia 27:5; but the geographical designation τὰ μέρη τ. Λιβύης τῆς κ. Κυρήνην 2:10 prob. belongs to b: the parts of Libya toward Cyrene.
    ⓑ of extension toward, toward, to, up to ἐλθεῖν (γίνεσθαι v.l.) κ. τὸν τόπον come up to the place (Jos., Vi. 283) Lk 10:32. ἐλθόντες κ. τὴν Μυσίαν to Mysia Ac 16:7; cp. 27:7. πορεύεσθαι κ. μεσημβρίαν (s. μεσημβρία 2) toward the south 8:26 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 505). κ. σκοπὸν διώκειν run (over the course) toward the goal Phil 3:14. λιμὴν βλέπων κ. λίβα καὶ κ. χῶρον a harbor open to the southwest and northwest Ac 27:12 (s. βλέπω 8).—κ. πρόσωπον to the face (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 205) Gal 2:11. ἔχειν τινὰ κ. πρόσωπον meet someone face to face (Thieme 19 has reff. for the use of κατὰ πρόσωπον as a legal formula) Ac 25:16. κ. πρόσωπον ταπεινός humble when personally present 2 Cor 10:1. κ. πρόσωπόν τινος in the presence of someone Lk 2:31; Ac 3:13. τὰ κ. πρόσωπον what lies before one’s eyes, i.e. is obvious 2 Cor 10:7. κ. ὀφθαλμοὺς προγράφειν portray before one’s eyes Gal 3:1.
    ⓒ of isolation or separateness, by (Thu. 1, 138, 6 οἱ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς Ἕλληνες ‘the Greeks by themselves’; Polyb. 1, 24, 4; 5, 78, 3; 11, 17, 6; Diod S 13, 72, 8; Gen 30:40; 43:32; 2 Macc 13:13; Philo, Migr. Abr. 87; 90; Just., D. 4, 5 αὐτὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν γενομένη; Tat. 13, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν; Ath. 15, 2 ὁ πηλὸς καθʼ ἑαυτόν) ἔχειν τι καθʼ ἑαυτόν keep someth. to oneself Ro 14:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 255; Heliod. 7, 16, 1). καθʼ ἑαυτὸν μένειν live by oneself of the private dwelling of Paul in Rome Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρὰ καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 3, 43 τὸ σῶμα καθʼ αὑτὸ νεκρόν ἐστιν). ἡ κατʼ οἶκον ἐκκλησία the congregation in the house Ro 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19. κατʼ ἰδίαν s. ἴδιος 5. κ. μόνας (Thu. 1, 32, 5; Menand., Epitr. 988 S. [658 Kö.], Fgm. 146 Kö. [158 Kock]; Polyb. 4, 15, 11; Diod S 4, 51, 16; BGU 813, 15 [s. APF 2, 1903, 97]; LXX) alone, by oneself Mk 4:10; Lk 9:18; Hm 11:8 (here, as well as BGU loc. cit. and LXX, written as one word καταμόνας).
    ⓓ of places viewed serially, distributive use w. acc., x by x (Arrian., Anab. 4, 21, 10 κ. σκηνήν=tent by tent) or from x to x: κατʼ οἶκον from house to house (PLond III, 904, 20 p. 125 [104 A.D.] ἡ κατʼ οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή) Ac 2:46b; 5:42 (both in ref. to various house assemblies or congregations; w. less probability NRSV ‘at home’); cp. 20:20. Likew. the pl. κ. τοὺς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος 8:3. κ. τὰς συναγωγάς 22:19. κ. πόλιν (Jos., Ant. 6, 73) from city to city IRo 9:3, but in every (single) city Ac 15:21; 20:23; Tit 1:5. Also κ. πόλιν πᾶσαν (cp. Herodian 1, 14, 9) Ac 15:36; κ. πᾶσαν πόλιν 20:23 D. κ. πόλιν καὶ κώμην Lk 8:1; cp. vs. 4.
    ② marker of temporal aspect (Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, apolog.)
    ⓐ in definite indications of time: at, on, during (Hdt. 8, 17; Polemon Soph. B 43 Reader κατʼ ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ‘in the course of that day’) κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beginning (cp. ἀρχή 1b) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26). κ. τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ in the day of trial 3:8 (Ps 94:8.—Cp. Antig. Car. 173 κ. τὸν σπόρου καιρόν). νεκροῦ … ἀνάστασιν κατʼ αὐτὸν γεγονυῖαν ἱστορεῖ (Papias) reports that a resurrection from the dead occurred in his time Papias (2, 9; so, with personal names, Hdt.; Just., D. 23, 1 τοῦ θεοῦ … τοῦ κ. τὸν Ἐνώχ; Tat. 31, 2 Θεαγένης … κ. Καμβύσην γεγονώς). Of the future: κ. τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον at that time, then Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10). Of the past: κ. ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρόν at that time, then (2 Macc 3:5; TestJos 12:1; Jos., Ant. 8, 266; cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ Konon: 26 Fgm. 3 p. 191, 25 Jac.; Just., A I, 17, 2; 26, 3 al.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. κ. καιρόν at that time, then Ro 5:6 (Just., D. 132, 1; cp. OGI 90, 28 καθʼ ὸ̔ν καιρόν), unless καιρός here means the right time (s. καιρός 1b end). κατʼ ὄναρ (as καθʼ ὕπνον Gen 20:6; Just., D 60, 5 κ. τοὺς ὕπνους) during a dream, in a dream Mt 1:20; 2:12 (s. s.v. ὄναρ for ins).
    ⓑ with indefinite indications of time: toward, about κ. τὸ μεσονύκτιον about midnight Ac 16:25; cp. 27:27.—8:26 (s. μεσημβρία 1).
    ⓒ distributively (cp. 1d): x period by x period: κατʼ ἔτος every year (s. ἔτος) Lk 2:41. Also κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν (s. ἐνιαυτός 1) Hb 9:25; 10:1, 3. καθʼ ἡμέραν daily, every day (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49; Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l. ἡ ἐπίστασις ἡ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἐπίστασις) 2 Cor 11:28. κ. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν every day (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:7. Also καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Hb 3:13. κ. μίαν σαββάτου on the first day of every week 1 Cor 16:2. κ. πᾶν σάββατον every Sabbath Ac 13:27; 15:21b; 18:4. κ. μῆνα ἕκαστον each month Rv 22:2 (κ. μῆνα as SIG 153, 65; POxy 275, 18; 2 Macc 6:7). κ. ἑορτήν at each festival Mt 27:15; Mk 15:6.
    ③ marker of division of a greater whole into individual parts, at a time, in detail, distributive use apart from indications of place (s. above 1d) and time (s. 2c)
    ⓐ w. numerals: κ. δύο ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον τρεῖς two or, at the most, three at a time (i.e. in any one meeting, cp. ἀνὰ μέρος) 1 Cor 14:27 (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 42 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς; Jos., Ant. 3, 142 κ. ἕξ; 5, 172 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς). καθʼ ἕνα (on this and the foll. s. εἷς 5e) singly, one after the other vs. 31. κ. ἕνα λίθον each individual stone Hs 9, 3, 5; καθʼ ἕνα λίθον 9, 6, 3. κ. ἓν ἕκαστον one by one, in detail Ac 21:19; 1 Cl 32:1 (Ath. 28, 4 καθʼ ἕκαστον). εἷς καθʼ εἷς Mk 14:19; J 8:9; cp. Ro 12:5 (B-D-F §305; Rob. 460). κ. ἑκατὸν καὶ κ. πεντήκοντα in hundreds and in fifties Mk 6:40.
    ⓑ περί τινος λέγειν κ. μέρος speak of someth. in detail Hb 9:5 (s. μέρος 1c). κατʼ ὄνομα (each one) by name (ἀσπάζομαι … τοὺς ἐνοίκους πάντες κα[τʼ] ὄνομα PTebt [III A.D.] 422, 11–16; Jos., Vi. 86) J 10:3; 3J 15 (cp. BGU 27, 18); ISm 13:2.
    ④ marker of intention or goal, for the purpose of, for, to (Thu. 6, 31, 1 κ. θέαν ἥκειν=to look at something; cp. Sb 7263, 6 [254 B.C.]; X., An. 3, 5, 2 καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι; Arrian, Anab. 1, 17, 12; 4, 5, 1; 21, 9; 6, 17, 6; 26, 2; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 2, 29; Anton. Lib., Fab. 24, 1 Δημήτηρ ἐπῄει γῆν ἅπασαν κ. ζήτησιν τῆς θυγατρός; 38; Jdth 11:19) κ. τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων for the Jewish ceremonial purification J 2:6. κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω to my shame 2 Cor 11:21 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 268 κ. τιμὴν τ. θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν). ἀπόστολος … κ. πίστιν … καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν an apostle … for the faith … and the knowledge Tit 1:1 (but the mng. ‘in accordance with’ is also prob.).
    ⑤ marker of norm of similarity or homogeneity, according to, in accordance with, in conformity with, according to
    ⓐ to introduce the norm which governs someth.
    α. the norm of the law, etc. (OGI 56, 33; Mitt-Wilck., I/2, 352, 11 κ. τὰ κελευσθέντα [as Just., D. 78, 7]; POxy 37 II, 8) κ. τὸν νόμον (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51; Just., D. 10, 1 al.; Ath. 31, 1; κ. τοὺς νόμους Ἀρεοπαγείτης, letter of MAurelius: ZPE 8, ’71, 169, ln. 27) Lk 2:22; J 18:31; 19:7; Hb 7:5. τὰ κ. τ. νόμον what is to be done according to the law Lk 2:39 (cp. EpArist 32). κ. τὸ ὡρισμένον in accordance w. what has been determined 22:22. Cp. 1:9; 2:24, 27, 42; Ac 17:2; 22:3. κ. τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου Ro 2:16; 16:25a; 2 Ti 2:8. κ. τὸ εἰρημένον Ro 4:18 (cp. Ath. 28, 1 κ. τὰ προειρημένα). κ. τὰς γραφάς (Just., D. 82, 4; cp. Paus. 6, 21, 10 κ. τὰ ἔπη=according to the epic poems; Just., A I, 32, 14 κ. τὸ λόγιον, D. 67, 1 κ. τὴν προφητείαν ταύτην) 1 Cor 15:3; cp. Js 2:8. κ. τὴν παράδοσιν Mk 7:5 (Tat. 39, 1 κ. τὴν Ἑλλήνων παράδοσιν).—κ. λόγον as one wishes (exx. in Dssm., B 209 [not in BS]; also PEleph 13, 1; 3 Macc 3:14) Ac 18:14 (though 5bβ below is also prob.).—It can also stand simply w. the acc. of the pers. according to whose will, pleasure, or manner someth. occurs κ. θεόν (cp. Socrat., Ep. 14, 5 κ. θεόν; 26, 2; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 1 Jac. and Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 84 §352 κ. δαίμονα; Jos., Ant. 4, 143 ὁ κ. τοῦτον[=θεόν] βίος; Just., D. 5, 1 κ. τινας … Πλατωνικούς; Tat. 1, 3 κ. … τὸν κωμικόν) Ro 8:27; 2 Cor 7:9–11; κ. Χριστὸν Ἰ. Ro 15:5. κ. κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. Cp. 1 Pt 1:15. κ. τ. Ἕλληνας in the manner of the Greeks, i.e. polytheists PtK 2, p. 14, 1; 7. κ. Ἰουδαίους ln. 25.
    β. the norm according to which a judgment is rendered, or rewards or punishments are given ἀποδοῦναι τινι κ. τ. πρᾶξιν or ἔργα αὐτοῦ (Ps 61:13; Pr 24:12; Just., A I, 12, 1; 17, 4 al.; κατʼ ἀξίαν τῶν πράξεων) Mt 16:27; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 4:14; Rv 2:23. μισθὸν λήμψεται κ. τ. ἴδιον κόπον 1 Cor 3:8. κρίνειν κ. τι J 7:24; 8:15; 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Ro 2:2.
    γ. of a standard of any other kind κ. τ. χρόνον ὸ̔ν ἠκρίβωσεν in accordance w. the time which he had ascertained Mt 2:16. κ. τ. πίστιν ὑμῶν acc. to your faith 9:29. κ. τ. δύναμιν acc. to his capability 25:15 (Just., D. 139, 4; Tat. 12, 3; cp. Just., A II, 13, 6 κ. δύναμιν). Cp. Lk 1:38; 2:29; Ro 8:4; 10:2; Eph 4:7. ἀνὴρ κ. τ. καρδίαν μου Ac 13:22 (καρδία 1bε).
    δ. Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged: οἱ κ. πρόθεσιν κλητοί Ro 8:28. κατʼ ἐπιταγὴν θεοῦ 16:26; 1 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Eph 3:3 (Just., D. 78, 2). οἱ καθʼ ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ Ro 2:7. κατʼ ἐκλογήν 11:5 (Just., D. 49, 1). Cp. κ. τὴν βουλήν Eph 1:11 (Just., A I, 63, 16 al.); 2 Th 2:9; Hb 7:16. κ. τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο; by what shall I know this? (cp. Gen 15:8) Lk 1:18.—Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 219 D.: κ. τοὺς νόμους; Jos., Ant. 1, 259; 278; Just., A I, 54, 1 κατʼ ἐνέργειαν τῶν φαύλων δαιμόνων; Ath. 7, 1 κ. συμπάθειαν τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πνοῆς; 32, 1 κ. χρησμόν). κ. πᾶσαν αἰτίαν for any and every reason (αἰτία 1) Mt 19:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2. Cp. Ro 2:5; 1 Cor 12:8 (κ. τ. πνεῦμα = διὰ τοῦ πν.); Eph 1:5; 4:22b; Phil 4:11; 1 Ti 5:21; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 3:5; κ. ἀνάγκην Phlm 14 (Ar. 1, 2; 4, 2 al.; Just., A I, 30, 1; 61, 10; Ath. 24, 2); IPol 1:3. ὁ κ. τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 Pt 1:3.—καθʼ ὅσον (Thu. 4, 18, 4) in so far as, inasmuch as Hb 3:3. καθʼ ὅσον …, κ. τοσοῦτο in so far as …, just so far (Lysias 31, 8; Galen, De Dignosc. Puls. 3, 2, VIII 892 K.) 7:20, 22.
    ⓑ as a periphrasis to express equality, similarity, or example in accordance with, just as, similar(ly) to (TestJob 32:6 τίς γὰρ κ. σε ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου; Tat. 25, 1 κ. … τὸν Πρωτέα like Proteus; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 50: sheep are not burden-bearers κ. τοὺς ὄνους=as donkeys are).
    α. κ. τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε do not do as they do Mt 23:3. κ. Ἰσαάκ just as Isaac Gal 4:28. κ. θεὸν κτισθείς Eph 4:24 (Synes., Prov. 2, 2 p. 118c κ. θεόν=just as a god). Cp. Col 3:10. κ. τὸν τύπον Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; Mel., P. 58, 424 [νόμον v.l.]). Cp. 5:6 (Ps 109:4); 8:9 (Jer 38: 32); Js 3:9.—κ. τὰ αὐτά in (just) the same way (OGI 56, 66; PEleph 2, 6; 1 Macc 8:27; 12:2; Just., D. 1, 2; 3, 5; 113, 3) Lk 6:23, 26; 17:30; Dg 3:1. On the other hand, the sing. κ. τὸ αὐτό Ac 14:1 means together (marriage contract PEleph 1, 5 [IV B.C.] εἶναι ἡμᾶς κ. ταὐτό; 1 Km 11:11). καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον just as (2 Macc 6:20; 4 Macc 14:17) Ac 15:11; 27:25. καθʼ ὅσον …, οὕτως (just) as …, so Hb 9:27. κ. πάντα τρόπον in every way (PSI 520, 16 [250 B.C.]; PCairZen 631, 2; 3 Macc 3:24) Ro 3:2. κ. μηδένα τρόπον (PMagd 14, 9 [221 B.C.]; PRein 7, 31; 3 Macc 4:13; 4 Macc 4:24; Just., D. 35, 7; s. Reader, Polemo 262) 2 Th 2:3. Cp. Johannessohn, Kasus, 1910, 82. κατά w. acc. serves in general
    β. to indicate the nature, kind, peculiarity or characteristics of a thing (freq. as a periphrasis for the adv.; e.g. Antiochus of Syracuse [V B.C.]: 555 Fgm. 12 Jac. κ. μῖσος=out of hate, filled with hate) κατʼ ἐξουσίαν with authority or power Mk 1:27. κ. συγκυρίαν by chance Lk 10:31. κ. ἄγνοιαν without knowing Ac 3:17 (s. ἄγνοια 2a). κ. ἄνθρωπον 1 Cor 3:3 al. (s. Straub 15; Aeschyl., Th. 425; ἄνθρωπος 2b). κ. κράτος powerfully, Ac 19:20 (κράτος 1a). κ. λόγον reasonably, rightly (Pla.; Polyb. 1, 62, 4; 5; 5, 110, 10; Jos., Ant. 13, 195; PYale 42, 24 [12 Jan., 229 B.C.]) 18:14 (but s. above 5aα). λέγειν τι κ. συγγνώμην οὐ κατʼ ἐπιταγήν say someth. as a concession, not as a command 1 Cor 7:6; cp. 2 Cor 8:8. κ. τάξιν in (an) order(ly manner) 1 Cor 14:40 (τάξις 2). κατʼ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν with eye-service Eph 6:6. μηδὲν κατʼ ἐριθείαν μηδὲ κ. κενοδοξίαν Phil 2:3. κ. ζῆλος zealously 3:6a, unless this pass. belongs under 6 below, in its entirety. κ. σάρκα on the physical plane Ro 8:12f; 2 Cor 1:17; also 5:16ab, if here κ. ς. belongs w. οἴδαμεν or ἐγνώκαμεν (as Bachmann, JWeiss, H-D Wendland, Sickenberger take it; s. 7a below). καθʼ ὑπερβολήν (PTebt 42, 5f [c. 114 B.C.] ἠδικημένος καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπὸ, Ἁρμιύσιος; 4 Macc 3:18) beyond measure, beyond comparison Ro 7:13; 1 Cor 12:31; 2 Cor 4:17. καθʼ ὁμοιότητα (Aristot.; Gen 1:12; Philo, Fug. 51; Tat. 12, 4 κ. τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτῇ) in a similar manner Hb 4:15b. κ. μικρόν in brief B 1:5 (μικρός 1eγ).
    ⑥ denoting relationship to someth., with respect to, in relation to κ. σάρκα w. respect to the flesh, physically of human descent Ro 1:3; 4:1; 9:3, 5 (Ar. 15, 7 κ. σάρκα … κ. ψυχήν; Just., D. 43, 7 ἐν τῷ γένει τῷ κ. σάρκα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ al.). κ. τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον 7:22 (cp. POxy 904, 6 πληγαῖς κατακοπτόμενον κ. τὸ σῶμα). Cp. Ro 1:4; 11:28; Phil 3:5, 6b (for vs. 6a s. 5bβ above); Hb 9:9b. τὰ κ. τινα (Hdt. 7, 148; Diod S 1, 10, 73; Aelian, VH 2, 20; PEleph 13, 3; POxy 120, 14; Tob 10:9; 1 Esdr 9:17; 2 Macc 3:40; 9:3 al.) someone’s case, circumstances Ac 24:22 (cp. PEleph 13, 3 τὰ κ. σε; Just., A I, 61, 13 τὰ κ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν πάντα, D. 102, 2 τὰ κ. αὐτόν; Ath. 24, 4 τὸ κ. τοὺς ἀγγέλους); 25:14; Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. κ. πάντα in all respects (since Thu. 4, 81, 3; Sb 4324, 3; 5761, 22; SIG 834, 7; Gen 24:1; Wsd 19:22; 2 Macc 1:17; 3 Macc 5:42; JosAs 1:7; Just., A II, 4, 4, D. 35, 8 al.); Ac 17:22; Col 3:20, 22a; Hb 2:17 (Artem. 1, 13 αὐτῷ ὅμοιον κ. π.); 4:15a.
    ⑦ Somet. the κατά phrase, which would sound cumbersome in the rendering ‘such-and-such’, ‘in line with’, or ‘in accordance with’, is best rendered as an adj., a possessive pron., or with a genitival construction to express the perspective from which something is perceived or to be understood. In translation it thus functions as
    ⓐ an adj. (Synes., Kingdom 4 p. 4d τὰ κατʼ ἀρετὴν ἔργα i.e. the deeds that are commensurate with that which is exceptional = virtuous deeds; PHib 27, 42 ταῖς κ. σελήνην ἡμέραις; 4 Macc 5:18 κ. ἀλήθειαν=ἀληθής; Just., A I, 2, 1 τοὺς κ. ἀλήθειαν εὐσεβεῖς; Tat. 26, 2 τῆς κ. ἀλήθειαν σοφίας) οἱ κ. φύσιν κλάδοι the natural branches Ro 11:21. ἡ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν διδασκαλία 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Tit 1:1b. οἱ κ. σάρκα κύριοι the earthly masters (in wordplay, anticipating the κύριος who is in the heavens, vs. 9) Eph 6:5. Cp. 2 Cor 5:16b, in case (s. 5bβ above) κ. ς. belongs w. Χριστόν (as the majority, incl. Ltzm., take it): a physical Christ, a Christ in the flesh, in his earthly relationships (σάρξ 5). Correspondingly in vs. 16a κ. ς. would be taken w. οὐδένα: no one simply as a physical being.—JMartyn, JKnox Festschr., ’67, 269–87.
    ⓑ a possessive pron., but with limiting force (Demosth. 2, 27 τὰ καθʼ ὑμᾶς ἐλλείμματα [i.e. in contrast to the activities of others: ‘your own’]; Aelian, VH 2, 42 ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀρετή; 3, 36; OGI 168, 17 παραγεγονότες εἰς τοὺς καθʼ ὑμᾶς τόπους; SIG 646, 6; 807, 15 al.; UPZ 20, 9 [II B.C.] ἐπὶ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς λειτουργίας; PTebt 24, 64; 2 Macc 4:21; Tat. 42, 1 τίς ὁ θεὸς καὶ τίς ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ποίησις; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7 ἡ καθʼ ἡμᾶς φιλοσοφία) τῶν καθʼ ὑμᾶς ποιητῶν τινες some of your (own) poets Ac 17:28. ἡ καθʼ ὑμᾶς πίστις Eph 1:15. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς νόμος Ac 18:15. τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ πρόθυμον my eagerness Ro 1:15.
    ⓒ a gen. w. a noun (Polyb. 3, 113, 1 ἡ κ. τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατολή; 2, 48, 2; 3, 8, 1 al.; Diod S 14, 12 ἡ κ. τὸν τύραννον ὠμότης; Dionys. Hal. 2, 1; SIG 873, 5 τῆς κ. τ. μυστήρια τελετῆς; 569, 22; 783, 20; PTebt 5, 25; PLond III, 1164k, 20 p. 167 [212 A.D.] ὑπὸ τοῦ κ. πατέρα μου ἀνεψιοῦ) τὰ κ. Ἰουδαίους ἔθη the customs of the Judeans Ac 26:3 (Tat. 12, 5 τῇ κ. Βαβυλωνίους προγνωστικῇ; 34, 2 ἡ κ. τὸν Ἀριστόδημον πλαστική). Cp. 27:2. ἡ κ. πίστιν δικαιοσύνη the righteousness of faith Hb 11:7. ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις purpose of election Ro 9:11.—Here also belong the titles of the gospels εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ματθαῖον etc., where κατά is likew. periphrasis for a gen. (cp. JLydus, De Mag. 3, 46 p. 136, 10 Wünsch τῆς κ. Λουκανὸν συγγραφῆς; Herodian 2, 9, 4 of an autobiography ἐν τῷ καθʼ αὑτὸν βίῳ; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 18 τ. καθʼ αὐτὸν ἱστορίαν; 2 Macc 2:13. Cp. B-D-F §163; 224, 2; Zahn, Einleitung §49; BBacon, Why ‘According to Mt’? Exp., 8th ser., 16, 1920, 289–310).—On the periphrasis of the gen. by κατά s. Rudberg (ἀνά beg.) w. many exx. fr. Pla. on. But it occurs as early as Thu. 6, 16, 5 ἐν τῷ κατʼ αὐτοὺς βίῳ.—M-M. DELG. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατά

  • 2 ζῆλος

    ζῆλος, ου, ὁ and ζῆλος, ους, τό in NT masc. sg. exc. 2 Cor 9:2; Phil 3:6 (both masc. as v.l.); n. gen. only Ac 5:17 v.l.; masc. pl. only Rom 13:13 v.l.; 2 Cor 12:20 v.l.; Gal 5:20 v.l.; in Apost. Fathers most oft. masc., but n. sg. ITr 4:2 and 1 Cl 4:8; 9:1; 11:13; 14:1; 63:2. For LXX usage s. Thackeray 158, 5; cp. ἐν ζήλει PsSol 2:24; 4:3; τὸ ζῆλος TestGad 5:3 (μῖσος v.l.); in Test12Patr ὁ ζῆλος, but w. n. in variants. Pl. ζήλη (GrBar 8:5). S. prec. entry and ζηλόω.
    ① intense positive interest in someth., zeal, ardor, marked by a sense of dedication (since Soph., Aj. 503; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 11, 1; LXX; TestAsh 4:5) 2 Cor 9:2. W. σπουδή (Dio Chrys. 17 [34], 48) 7:11; κατὰ ζ. as far as zeal is concerned Phil 3:6. W. obj. gen. (Soph., Oed. Col. 943; Strabo 13, 2, 4; Plut., Cor. 215 [4, 3]; Lucian, Adv. Ind. 17; 1 Macc 2:58. Oft. Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 271) ζ. θεοῦ zeal for God (Jdth 9:4; cp. ἐν ζήλῳ κυρίου TestAsh 4:5) Ro 10:2. ζ. τοῦ οἴκου σου zeal for your house J 2:17 (Ps 68:10). In the same sense ὑπέρ τινος: τὸν ὑμῶν ζ. ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ your ardor on my behalf 2 Cor 7:7. ἔχει … ζῆλον ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν Col 4:13 v.l. W. gen. of quality θεοῦ ζῆλος an ardor like that of God or divine ardor 2 Cor 11:2 (cp. Is 9:6; Philo, Post. Cai. 183; on the idea FKüchler, ZAW 28, 1908, 42ff; BRenaud, Je suis un Dieu jaloux, ’63). Of the fire of judgment which, with its blazing flames, appears like a living being intent on devouring God’s adversaries πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους Hb 10:27 (cp. Is 26:11; Zeph 1:18; 3:8; Ps 78:5).
    ② intense negative feelings over another’s achievements or success, jealousy, envy (Hes., Op. 195; Lysias 2, 48 w. φθόνος; Plut., Thes. 6, 9, Lycurg. 41 [4, 3]; PGrenf I, 1, 13 [II B.C.]; Eccl 4:4; 9:6; Sir 30:24; 40:4 [both w. θυμός]; Test12Patr [exc. TestAsh 4:5]; AscIs 3:30; Jos., Ant. 14, 161; cp. Cicero, Tusc. Disp. 4, 8, 17) 1 Cl 3:2; 4:7ff; 5:2, 4f; 6:1ff; 43:2; 63:2. W. ἔρις Ro 13:13; 1 Cl 5:5; 6:4; cp. 1 Cor 3:3; 2 Cor 12:20; Gal 5:20 (in the three last passages ζῆλος seems to be coördinate with ἔρις in the sense ‘rivalry’ or ‘party-attachment’; cp. GrBar 8:5; 13:4). W. ἐριθεία Js 3:14, 16. W. φθόνος (Democr. Fgm. B191; Lysias 2, 48; Pla., Phlb. 47e; 50c; 1 Macc 8:16) 1 Cl 3:2; 4:7 al. πλησθῆναι ζήλου become filled w. jealousy Ac 5:17; 13:45. ζ. leads to death 1 Cl 9:1; 39:7 (Job 5:2). ζ. ἄδικον καὶ ἀσεβῆ 3:4; μυσερὸν ζ. 14:1; μιαρὸν κ. ἄδικον ζ. 45:4. ἔχειν ζῆλόν τινα ἐν ἀλλήλοις περί τινος be jealous of one another because of someth. Hs 8, 7, 4. The pl. ζῆλοι found as v.l. Ro 13:13 (s. beg. of this entry); 2 Cor 12:20; Gal 5:20 denotes the var. outbreaks of jealousy and the forms it takes (cp. Pla., Leg. 3, 679c ζῆλοί τε καὶ φθόνοι); ζήλη in vice list GrBar 8:5.—BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos …, ’51, 231–393.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ζῆλος

  • 3 παρέρχομαι

    παρέρχομαι mid. dep.; fut. παρελεύσομαι; 2 aor. παρῆλθον, impv. in H. Gk. παρελθάτω Mt 26:39 (also v.l.-ετω; B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 209); pf. παρελήλυθα (Hom.+).
    ① to go past a reference point, go by, pass by w. acc. someone or someth. (Aelian, VH 2, 35; Lucian, Merc. Cond. 15) an animal Hv 4, 1, 9; 4, 2, 1; a place Papias (3, 3). Of Jesus and his disciples on the lake: ἤθελεν παρελθεῖν αὐτούς Mk 6:48 (s. HWindisch, NThT 9, 1920, 298–308; GEysinga, ibid. 15, 1926, 221–29 al.; Lohmeyer s.v. παράγω 3; BvanIersel, in The Four Gospels, Neirynck Festschr., ed. FvanSegbroeck et al. ’92, II 1065–76). διὰ τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐκείνης pass by along that road Mt 8:28 (constr. w. διά as PAmh 154, 2; Num 20:17; Josh 24:17). παρὰ τὴν λίμνην GEb 34, 60. Abs. (X., An. 2, 4, 25) Lk 18:37; 1 Cl 14:5 (Ps 36:36). Of someth. impers. get by unnoticed, escape notice (Theognis 419; Sir 42:20) Hs 8, 2, 5ab.
    ② of time: to be no longer available for someth., pass (Soph., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; JosAs 29:8 cod. A; Tat. 26, 1 πῶς γὰρ δύναται παρελθεῖν ὁ μέλλων, εἰ ἔστιν ὁ ἐνεστώς;) ἡ ὥρα ἤδη παρῆλθεν the time is already past Mt 14:15. Of a definite period of time (SSol 2:11 ὁ χειμὼν π.; Jos., Ant. 15, 408) διὰ τὸ τὴν νηστείαν ἤδη παρεληλυθέναι because the fast was already over Ac 27:9. ὁ παρεληλυθὼς χρόνος the time that is past 1 Pt 4:3 (cp. Isocr. 4, 167 χρόνος … ἱκανὸς γὰρ ὁ παρεληλυθώς, ἐν ᾧ τί τῶν δεινῶν οὐ γέγονεν; PMagd 25, 3 παρεληλυθότος τοῦ χρόνου). τὰ παρεληλυθότα (beside τὰ ἐνεστῶτα and τὰ μέλλοντα; cp. Herm. Wr. 424, 10ff Sc.; Demosth. 4, 2; Jos., Ant. 10, 210) things past, the past (Demosth. 18, 191; Sir 42:19; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 334, Leg. All. 2, 42) B 1:7; B 5:3.—ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη Mt 24:34 belongs here, if γ. is understood temporally.
    ③ to come to an end and so no longer be there, pass away, disappear (Demosth. 18, 188 κίνδυνον παρελθεῖν; Theocr. 27, 8; Ps 89:6; Wsd 2:4; 5:9; Da 7:14 Theod.; TestJob 33:4 ὁ κόσμος ὅλος παρελεύσεται) of pers. ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται Js 1:10. ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ Mt 5:18a; 24:35a; Mk 13:31a; Lk 16:17; 21:33a; cp. 2 Pt 3:10; Rv 21:1 t.r. ὁ κόσμος οὗτος D 10:6 (cp. TestJob 33:4). ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη Mt 24:34 (but s. 2); Mk 13:30; Lk 21:32. αἱ γενεαὶ πᾶσαι 1 Cl 50:3. ἡ ὀργή vs. 4 (Is 26:20). τὰ ἀρχαῖα παρῆλθεν 2 Cor 5:17.— Pass away in the sense lose force, become invalid (Ps 148:6; Esth 10:3b τῶν λόγων τούτων• οὐδὲ παρῆλθεν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν λόγος) οἱ λόγοι μου οὐ μὴ παρέλθωσιν (or οὐ [μὴ] παρελεύσονται) Mt 24:35b; Mk 13:31b; Lk 21:33b. ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κεραία οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου Mt 5:18b. οὐδὲν μὴ παρέλθῃ τῶν δεδογματισμένων ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 27:5.
    ④ to ignore someth. in the interest of other matters, pass by, transgress, neglect, disobey τὶ someth. (Hes., Theog. 613; Lysias 6, 52 τὸν νόμον; Demosth. 37, 37; Dionys. Hal. 1, 58; Dt 17:2; Jer 41:18; Jdth 11:10; 1 Macc 2:22; ApcEsdr 5:17 τὴν διαθήκην μου; Jos., Ant. 14, 67) Lk 11:42; 15:29.
    ⑤ to pass by without touching, pass of suffering or misfortune (Jos., Ant. 5, 31 fire) ἀπό τινος from someone (for the constr. w. ἀπό cp. 2 Ch 9:2) Mt 26:39; Mk 14:35. Abs. Mt 26:42.
    ⑥ to pass through an area, go through (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 68 §288 ὁ Ἀντώνιος μόλις παρῆλθεν=Antony made his way through [to the Forum] with difficulty; 1 Macc 5:48 διελεύσομαι εἰς τὴν γῆν σου, τοῦ ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἡμῶν• καὶ οὐδεὶς κακοποιήσει ὑμᾶς, πλὴν τοῖς ποσὶν παρελευσόμεθα) παρελθόντες τὴν Μυσίαν κατέβησαν εἰς Τρῳάδα Ac 16:8 (lack of knowledge of this mng., and recognition of the fact that passing by is impossible in this case, gave rise to the v.l. διελθόντες D); cp. 17:15 D.
    ⑦ to stop at a place as one comes by, come to, come by, come here (Trag., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist 176; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 347, Ant. 1, 337) παρελθὼν διακονήσει αὐτοῖς he will come by and serve them Lk 12:37; ‘παρελθὼν ἀνάπεσε’=‘come here, recline’ 17:7; of Lysias who came with a substantial force Ac 24:6[7] v.l.—M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > παρέρχομαι

  • 4 προτερέω

    προτερέω, vor oder vorn sein, voran sein, Her. 9, 57; auch τῆς ὁδοῦ, 9, 66, wo v. l. προτερεύω; von der Zeit, früher da sein, kommen, Thuc. 1, 33; Ggstz von ὑστερέω, Pol. 9, 14, 9; προτερεῖ Λυσίου Ἰσοκράτης, Isokr. ist älter als Lysias, D. Hal.; Sp.; – vom Range, den Vorzug vor Einem haben, auch die Oberhand über einen Andern behalten, κατὰ τὴν πρώτην συμπλοκήν, Pol. 3, 110, 6, u. öfter; einen Vortheil haben, gewinnen, οὐδὲν προτερήσετε ἔξω τοῦ ἐφϑακέναι ἀδικοῠντες, Dem. 18, 39, im Briefe Philipps.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > προτερέω

  • 5 χέρ-νιβον

    χέρ-νιβον, τό, das Gefäß zum Waschwasser für die Hände, Handbecken, Waschbecken; ἡ δὲ παρέστη χέρνιβον ἀμφίπολος πρόχοόν ϑ' ἅμα χερσὶν ἔχουσα Il. 24, 304; τοῖς χρυσοῖς χερνίβοις καὶ ϑυμιατηρίοις χρήσασϑαι Andoc. 4, 29, wie Ath. IX, 408 c steht, wo die Stelle aus Lysias contra Alcib. angeführt wird. Vgl. χέρνιψ.

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  • 6 βου-κεφάλιον

    βου-κεφάλιον, τό, Ochsenkopf, Lysias bei Ath. V, 210 a.

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  • 7 ἀμφι-δέα

    ἀμφι-δέα, ἡ (δέω), nur im plur., das Herumgebundene, Her. 2, 70, Fußketten od. Bänder der Krokodile. Bei Paul. Sil. 45 (VI, 75) sind χρύσεαι ἀμφιδέαι goldene Ringe an den Spitzen des Bogens. Nach Poll. 7, 96 u. Harpocr. bei Ar. Th. frg. 6 περισκελίδες, u. bei Lysias eiserne Ringe, womit die Thürslüget an den Angeln festgehalten wurden, damit sie nicht ausgehoben werden konnten; vgl. Iuvenal. 3, 304. – Hippocr. sagte auch τὰ ἀμφίδεα, der äußerste Saum; die Form ἀμφίδεες ist aber sehr zw.

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  • 8 ἌΓω

    ἌΓω, fut. ἄξω, Dor. ἀξῶ, Theocr. 15, 40; – aor. II ἤγαγον, ἀγαγεῖν; aor. I ἦξα Batrach. 115. 168; med. ἠξάμην; Her. u. einzeln bei den Attikern, bes. in den compos., wie ἀπῆξαν. Ar. Ran. 469, προςῆξαν Thuc. 2, 97, προεξάξαντες 8, 25; die Formen ἄξετε Iliad. 3, 105. 24, 778 Odyss. 14, 414 u. ἄξεσϑε Iliad. 8, 505 als imperat. aor., ἀξέμεναι Iliad. 23, 50, ἀξέμεν Iliad. 23, 111. 24, 663 als infin. aor. erklärt, wie βήσετο, δύσετο u. dgl., können auch als Futurformen gelten, für welche in Prosa praes. oder aor. stehn würde, vgl. die Aristarchischen Notizen bei Friedlaender Aristonic. p. 6; Iliad. 8, 545 ἐκ πόλιος δ' ἄξοντο βόας; ἄξαι Antinho 5, 46; vgl. Lob. zu Phryn. p. 287. 735; – perf. ἦχα unatt. nach den Atticisten, ἀγήοχα, wassich uaib Phrynich. bei Lysias fand, Arist. Oec. 1, 7 u. Sp. wie Plut. Phoc. 17; εἰςαγηοχότες steht im Brief des Philipp Dem. 18, 39 u. καταγήοχεν im Dekret ib. 73; – pass. ἦγμαι, – fut. ἀχϑήσομαι Plat. Hipp. mai. 292 a; vgl. προάγω. – Führen, leiten, zunächst 1) belebte Wesen, βεβλημένον, einen Verwundeten führen, Iliad. 11, 650, ἵππον 23, 596, ἀλόχους τε φίλας καὶ νήπια τέκνα ἐν νήεσσιν 4, 239; ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ἵππους, führte sie unters Joch, schirrte sie an, 5, 731, βοῠν Od. 3, 383, auch ἵππους ζεύξαϑ' ὑφ' ἅρματ' ἄγοντες 478, wie Aesch. Prom. 463; ϑηρίον ἐπὶ τὸ πιεῖν Plat. Rep. IV, 439 b, ἡκέτην ἄγοντε τὸν Πρόδικον Prot. 317 e, ποῖ καὶ παρὰ τίνας ἄγομεν τοὺς κάμνοντας Gorg. 478 b; so bei Xen. ὑποζύγια, ἵππους, An. 4, 5, 24 Equ. 6, 4; auch τῆς ἡνίας τὸν ἵππον, das Pferd am Zügel führen, 6, 9; mit doppeltem acc. τὰς κύνας τὰ ὄρη, in das Gebirge, Cyneg. 4, 9, wo jetzt εἰς hinzugesetzt ist, vgl. Soph. Ant. 805; anders τὸ στράτευμα ἦγε τὴν ἐπὶ Μέγαρα Hell. 4, 4, 13, vgl. ἐπὶ τὴν ῥᾴστην ὁδὸν ἄξω σε Mem. 2, 1, 23; ἄγομαι τάνδ' ὁδόν Soph. Ant. 869; vom Wegweiser Xen. An. 1, 3, 17 u. sonst. Auch wie im Deutschen vom Wege, ὁδὸς ἡ ἐπὶ τοῠτο ἄγουσα, dahin führend, Plat. Rep. IV, 435 d; ἡ σχιστὴ ὁδὸς εἰς ταὐτὰ ἄγει, der Weg trifft zusammen, Soph. O. R. 734; τὰ ἵχνη ἄξει, die Spuren werden führen, Xen. Cyn. 8, 4. – Bes. 2) anführen, vom Feldherrn, λαόν Il. 10, 79, Λυκίων μέγα ἔϑνος 12, 330; λόχον Aesch. Spt. 56, στρατόν Soph. O. C. 1327; häufig in Prosa, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 17, λόχους ὀρϑίους An. 4, 3, 13, u. mit Weglassung von στρατόν absolut ᾑγε ταχέως, crmarschierte schnell, 4, 1, 17 u. öfter; ἄγειν ἐπί τινα, πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, auch ἐγγὺς ἄγειν, sich nähern. – Von den Göttern u. dem Schicksal, τὸν δ'ἄγε Μοῖρα κακή, ihn führte, trieb die böse Möre, Il. 13, 602, vgl. 2, 834; ϑεῶν ἀγόντων, unter Leitung der Götter, Soph. O. C. 994, wie εἰ ϑεὸς ἄγει 254; vgl. Her. 7, 8, 1; ἡ πεπρωμένη ἄγει ϑανεῖν ἀδελφὴν ἐμήν, das Geschick hat beschlossen, daß meine Schwester sterben soll. Eur. Hec. 43; ἄγει ὁ ϑεὸς οὕτως, Gott will es so, Xen. An. 6, 1, 18. Ferner, den Staat lenken, regieren, wie Plat. ἄρχειν καὶ ἄγειν Phaedr. 237 d, ἄγειν καὶ δεσπόζειν Phaed. 94 e verbindet; πολιτείαν, den Staat verwalten, Thuc. 1, 127, wie Plut. Cat. min. 1; πόλιν Plat. Legg. VI, 771 b, δήμους III, 681 c; so auch ψυχὴ ἄγει πάντα Legg. X, 896 e. Von Leidenschaften, Furcht u. Hoffnung geleitet werden, ἀγόμενος ὑπὸ τῶν ἡδονῶν Plat. Prot. 355 a, ὑπ. ἐλπίδος Phaed. 68 a; wohin auch gerechnet werden kann Il. 10, 391 πολλῇσίν μ' ἄτῃσι παρὲκ νόον ἤγαγεν Ἕκτωρ, bethörte mich; ποῖ ἡ ἐπιϑυμία αὐτὸν ἄξει Plat. Rep. II, 359 c; τοῖς ἔξωϑεν λόγοις ἠγμένος, durch äußere Gründe veranlaßt, Dem. 18. 9. Und so allgemeiner aufs Geistige übertragen, ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιστον ἄγειν, zum Besten führen, anleiten, Plat. Tim. 48 a; εἰς πίστιν, zur Ueberzeugung, Legg. XII, 966 d, εἰς κακὰς δόξας Rep. VI, 363 d, τὰ πρὸς τὴν νόησιν ἄγοντα μαϑήματα VII, 522 e, τὰς ψυχὰς εἰς τὴν ἀρετήν VIII, 547 b. Man vgl. hiermit εἰς οἶκτον ἄγειν, zum Mitleid bewegen, Eur. Iph. A. 653, wie εἰς ἔλεον Dem. 25, 76; τὴν πόλιν εἰς ὁμόνοιαν 22, 74; Sp. noch häufiger; εἰς φόβον Pol. 3, 2, 2, εἰς ἐπίστασιν 2, 56, 6, εἰς μνήμην 2, 35, 5. – Geistig anleiten ist erziehen; dah. καλῶς ἀχϑεῖσαι den ἀνάγωγοι, ungebildeten, entgegenstehen, Xen. Mem. 4, 1, 3; κακῶς, φαύλως ἠγμένοι, schlecht Erzogene, Plat. Alc. I, 124 a; Dem. 13, 15; ἄγειν καὶ τρέφειν Luc. Anach. 20, Plut. ed. lib. 4 g. E. ἤγαγεν σκύλακας. – 3) Selten von leblosen Dingen; ὕδωρ, Wasser leiten, Plat. Legg. VIII, 844 b; – τεῖχος, eine Mauer ziehen, Thuc. 6, 99; ὄγμον, eine Furche ziehen, Fhcoer. 10, 2; τάφρον Plut. Ages. 39; – νεφέλας ἐπὶ ναυσίν, Wolken herausführen, Eur. Hel. 1149; – Iliad. 23, 50 ὕλην ἀξέμεναι, 111 οὐρῆάς τ- ὤτρυνε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀξέμεν ὕλην; so bes. von Waaren, ἄγω δ' αἴϑωνα σίδηρον Od. 1, 184. Damit vgl. man einerseits, wo es mehr nach 4) übergeht, ἄποινα, ὀνείατα ἄγειν II. 22, 350. 24, 367; κειμήλια Od. 15, 159; δῶρα, Geschenke bringen, Soph. Trach. 495; Xen. Cyr. 5, 5, 12 u. öfter; ἀπαρχάς, die Erstlinge darbringen, Soph. Trach. 182; ἐσϑῆτας βασιλεῖἄγειν; – andrerseits die Stellen, wo es von Schiffen und Wagen gesagt ist, führen, tragen, Iliad. 5, 839 δεινὴν γὰρ ἄγεν ϑεὸν ἄνδρα τ' ἄριστον ( scil. ὁ ἄξων); ἀπήνη ἄγει Λάϊον Soph. O. R. 753; νῆες πεζοὺς ἤγαγον Aesch. Pers. 553; vgl. Soph. Phil. 523; Xen. An. 5, 1, 4, vom Pferde 1, 9, 27. Dah. pass. ὅπλα ἤγετο ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν Xen. An. 1, 7, 15, vgl. Hom. ϑῆκ' ἐπὶ νηὸς ἄγεσϑαι Il. 16, 223; vgl. Od. 13, 216; Eur. ἐπὶ νεὼς ἄξεις I. T. 1001. Die oft wiederholte Regel ἄγεται τὰ ἔμψυχα, φέρεται τὰ ἄψυχα ist unrichtig; die Attiker wie Homer unterscheiden beide Berba ebenso, wie man im Deutschen »tragen« und »führen« unterscheidet; dabei giebt es natürlich Fälle, wo man, von verschiedener Vorstellung ausgehend, beide Verba gebrauchen kann. Vgl. Odyss. 21, 196 die Frage ποῖοί κ' εἶτ' Ὀδυσῆι ἀμυνέμεν, εἴ ποϑεν ἔλϑοι ὧδε μάλ' ἐξαπίνης καί τις ϑεὸς αὐτὸν ἐνείκοι; mit der Antwort vs. 201 Ζεῠ πάτερ, αἲ γὰρ τοῠτο τελευτήσειας ἐέλδωρ, ὡς ὲλϑοι μὲν κεῖνος ἀνήρ, ἀγάγοι δέ ἑ δαίμων. Ebenso verhält sich Iliad. 24, 367 τῶν εἴ τίς σε ἴδοιτο ϑοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν τοσσάδ' ὀνείατ' ἄγοντα zu 24, 502 τοῠ νῠν εἵνεχ' ἱκάνω νῆας' Αχαιῶν, λυσόμενος παρὰ σεῖο, φέρω δ' ἀπερείσἰἄποινα; u. ineinern. ders. Stelle 24, 139 τῇδ' εἴη· ὃς ἄποινα φέροι, καὶ νεκρὸν ἄγοιτο. Dagegen unmöglich wäre ἄγειν Iliad. 24, 275 ἐκ ϑαλάμου δὲ φέροντες ἐυξέστης ἐπ' ἀπήνης νήεον Ἑκτορέης κεφαλῆς ἀπερείσἰ ἄποινα, und es ist vollkommen richtig, was Aristonic. Schell. Iliad. 23, 263 sagt ἀκριβὴς γὰρ ὁ ποιητὴς περὶ τὰ ἀκτὰ καὶ φορητά. Lehrreich ist z. B. Iliad. 23, 512 δῶκε δ' ἄγειν έτάροισιν ὑπερϑύμοισι γυναῖκα καὶ τρίποδ' ὠτώεντα φέρειν u. Odyss. 4, 622 οἱ δ' ᾑγον μὲν μῆλα, φέρον δ' εὐήνορα οἶνον. Wie Aristarch die Regel ausdrückte, ist nicht mehr deutlich; man sehe die schwachen Spuren der Ueberlieferung bei Lehrs Aristarch. p. 142. – 4) mitbringen, mitnehmen, mit sich führen, mit sich bringen: έταίρους τρεῖς ἄγον, ich nahm drei Gefährten mit, Od. 4, 434, κῆρυξ ἦλϑεν ἄγων ἀοιδόν 8, 62; καὶ αὐτὸς παρέσει καὶ ἄλλους ἄξεις Plat. Hipp. mai. 286 c, ἐξ έκάστων τῶν πόλεων Prot. 315 a; Xen. τὴν μητέρα μεϑ' έαυτοῦ Cyr. 5, 4, 38. Dah. ist τοὺς ϑεράποντας ἄγων geradezu: mit den Dienern, Mem. 3, 3, 2, vgl. Hell. 3, 4, 10; περσικὸν στόλον ἄγων, mit einer persischen Flotte, Plat. Legg. III, 698. S. med. Auch von leblosen Dingen: νέφος λαίλαπα ἄγει, bringt den Sturm mit, Il. 4, 278, πέπλους Σιδονίηϑεν 6, 291; κειμήλια, χρήματα, Od. 14, 385 Il. 11, 632. Hieran schließt sich ἄγειν ἀγώγιμα, Waaren führen, ungefähr wie bei uns die Kaufleute sagen, Plat. Prot. 313 d; ἀγοράν Xen. An. 5, 7, 18; mit πωλεῖν verbdn Plat. Soph. 224 a. wie Xen. An. 1, 5, 5, im Ggstz von ἄγεσϑαι u. πιπράσκεσϑαι. – 5) Gewaltsam mit sich nehmen u. forttreiben, bes. ἄγειν καὶ φέρειν, Menschen u. Vieh wegtreiben und alles bewegliche Eigenthum fortschleppen, rauben und plündern, von Her. an bes. bei Geschichtschreibern häufig, sowohl mit dem acc. der Sache, τὰ σά Her. 1, 88, τὰ τῶν Ἀρμενίων Xen. Cvr. 3, 2, 12, und pass. ἡ χώρα ἐφέρετο καὶ ἤγετο, als mit dem acc. der Person, τοὺς περιοίκους Her. 1, 166, ἀλλήλους 6, 42, τοὺς πολεμίους Isocr. 6, 74, τοὺς Θρᾷκας Xen. An. 2, 6, 5, in der Umstellung ἔφερε καὶ ἦγε, welche in dieser Vrbdg selten, auch Hell. 5, 4, 42; pass. ἀγόμεϑα καὶ φερόμεϑα Eur. Tread. 1310, ἄγομαι, φέρομαι ὑπὸ χρήστων Ar. Nub. 241. Dagegen in der Bdtg: herbeiführen und tragen, ohne feindliche Beziehung, steht φέρειν καὶ ἄγειν, z. B. χρυσοῦ πλῆϑος Plat. Phaedr. 279 c, u. übertr. ποίησιν Legg. VII, 817 a; vgl. Xen. Cvr. 3, 3, 2. 5, 4, 29; ἄγειν καὶ καίειν τὴν Βιϑυνίδα Hell. 3, 2, 4; – Eur. verstärkt ἄγετε, φέρετε, ῥίπτετέ νιν Trcad. 769. Auch allein: mit Gewalt fortschleppen, ἀπὸ βρετέων Aesch. Suppl. 425, ἁρπάσας ἄξει Eur. I. A. 1365, δήσας ἄξει Heraclid. 861, wie Mel. 57 (VII, 119) u. Mesch. 1, 24; ἵππους αἰχμαλώτους καὶ ἄνδρας Xen. Cyr. 4, 3, 1, λείαν 5, 3, 1, χρήματα 1, 4, 19, u. pass. τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀγομένων 6, 1, 7; ἐξανδ' ραποδισάμενος ἦγε Plat. Legg. III, 698 c, δοῠλον XI, 914 e; δούλα ἄγομαι, als Sclavin werde ich fortgeschleppt, Eur. Troad. 140, vgl. 610; ebenso εἰς δουλείαν Aesch. 1, 62. 3, 157 (Ggstz: εἰς ἐλευϑερίαν ἐξαιρεῖσϑαι, Meier und Schöm. Att. Proc. p. 395); ἐξόρους ἄγειν, verbannen, Eur. Bacch. 51; ἄχϑη ἀγόμενος Her. 6, 30, er wurde gefangen fortgeführt. Hieran reiht sich – 6) ἄγειν εἰς δικαστήριον, vor Gericht führen, schleppen, anklagen, Plat. Legg. XI, 928 b; εἰς την δίκην, sehr oft, εἰς δίκας Xen. Mem. 2, 9, 1, εἰς κρίσιν Plat. Legg. IX, 856 c, εἰς ἀγῶνα Eur. Bacch. 972, ἐπὶ τοὺς δικαστάς Plat. Legg. XII, 856 c, ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐφόρους Xen. Lac. 4, 6, παρὰ πολέμαρχον Hell. 5, 4, 8; ὑπὸ τὴν ψῆφον, dem Urtheil unterwerfen, Dem. 59, 126; Aesch. 3, 20; ähnlich ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα ἄξειν καὶ ἀναγκάσ ειν ἀποκρίνασϑαι 3, 55; ὑπὸ τοὺς νόμους Dem. 24, 131. Allgemeiner ἀμφισβήτημα ἄγειν πρὸς δικαστάς Plut. Sol. 18; pass. οὐκ ἀχϑήσεται καὶ δίκας ὀφλήσει; Plat. Hipp. mai. 292 a, wird er nicht vor Gericht geführt werden? εἰς δεσμοὺς ἄγειν, ins Gefängniß, Eur. Bacch. 518; ἐπὶ ϑανάτῳ, zum Tode abführen, Xen. An. 1, 6, 10 Mem. 4, 4, 3. – 7) herbeiholen, ἄξει ἀμύντορας Od. 2, 326, ἄξεϑ' ὑῶν τὸν ἄριστον 14, 414, πάντας ἰὼν έτάρους ἀγέτω 3, 424; ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος Λέοντα Plat. Apol-32 d; πλοῖα Xen. An. 5, 1, 6, συμμάχους Cyr. 4, 5, 12. Aehnlich τὸ ἀνακρυπτόμενον εἰς φῶς ἄγειν Plat. Phaedr. 261 e u. öfter, ans Licht bringen, vgl. Pind. Ol. 5, 14 δᾶμον εἰς φάος; – λίϑος δακτυλίους σιδ ηροῦς ἄγει, zieht das Eisen an, Plat. Ion. 533 d. – 8) ach ten, schätzen, wie ducere, anknüpfend an καίμευ κλέος ἦγον Ἀχαιοί, meinen Ruhm hätten (mit sich geführt u.) verbreitet, Od. 5, 311; περὶ πλείστου ἦγον τὰ τοῠ ϑεοῠ πορσύνειν Her. 9, 7, ἐν οὐδεμιῇ μοίρῃ μεγάλῃ αὐτὸν ἦγον 2, 172, οὐδαμοὺς μέζονας ὑμέων ἄγω 7, 150, 3, u. med. ἐν τιμῇ ἄγεσϑαι 1, 134. 2, 83; ἐν τιμῇ ἄγειν u. ἐντίμως ἄγειν τι, Plat. Rep. VII, 538 e 528 c; Plut. Mar. 40; Luc. Necyom. 13; ἐν ἴσῃ τιμῇ ἄγω Gall. 5; τίμιον ἄγειν. 8, 81, διὰτιμῆς ἄγειν. Prom. 4 App. B. C. II, 20, alles: Jemanden ehren, in Ehren halten; ὧδέ πως τὴν σοφίαν ἄγουσι, sie urtheilen so von der Weisheit, Plat. Theaet. 172 b; ὧδ' ἀνάνδρους ἄγεις Θήβας Eur. Bacch. 1035; ἄγοιμι ἂν ϑεούς Aesch. Suppl. 902; wie sonst νομίζω; ϑεὸν ἄγειν τινά Luc. Gall. 18; ὡς παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγ., für nichts achten, Soph. Ant. 34; ähnlich δυςφόρως τοὔνειδος ἦγον, wie mo-leste ferre, O. R. 784; pass. ἠγόμην μέγιστος, ich wurde geachtet, 774; πρόσϑεν ἄγειν τί τινος Eur. Bacch. 225; vorziehen, Antiph. bei Harpocr. τοὺς νόμους μεγάλους ἄγοι, durch ἡγοῖτο erkl. Hierher gehört auch εἰς ἐϑελοκάκησιν ἄγειν τι, es für absichtliche Beleidigung halten, Pol. 27, 13, 13; ταπεινῶς ἄγειν Athen. X, 393 f. vgl. IV, 153 a; ϑαυμαστὸν ἄγειν Ael. H. A. 10, 21. – 9) Dem Sinne nach schließt sich hieran, doch eigtl. von der Wagschaale entlehnt, die Schaale ziehen, d. i. wiegen, schwer sein (VLL. ἐπὶ τοῠ σταϑμοῠ), τἀκπώματα ἦγε δύο δραχμάς Alexis Ath. XI, 503 a u. öfter; χρυσὶς ἑκάστη ἄγουσα μνᾶν, jede eine Mine schwer, Dem. 22, 26, ὅσον ἦγον αἱ φιάλαι 49, 32; auch werth sein: ὁ ἀκινάκης ἦγε τριακοσίους δαρεικούς 24, 129. Man vgl. Soph. El. 118 μούνη γὰρ ἄγειν οὐκέτι σωκῶ λύπης ἀντίῤῥοπον ἄχϑος, ich kann nicht mehr dem Schmerz das Gleichgewicht halten (eigentl. die gleichwiegende Last ziehen). – 10) Von den vielfachen übrigen Verbindungen, in denen es meist einen dauernden Zustand (woran man irgend wie thätigen Antheil nimmt) hinbringen, durchführen, bedeutet, merke man noch: ἑορτὴν ἄγει ν, ein Fest feiern, Her. 1, 138 u. oft, Plat. Rep. I, 327 a, Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 3; μυστήρια Hell. 1, 4, 8, Ἑρμαῖα Plat. Lys. 206 d, ϑιάσους Eur. Bacch. 115, ἀχϑῆναι Διονὐσια Luc. Tim. 51, ϑυσίας Plat. Alc. II, 148 e, βουϑυσίαν Ep. ad. 513 (VII, 119); wohin auch Hes. O. 768 zu ziehen, εὖτ' ἂν ἀληϑείην λαοὶ κρίνοντες ἄγωσι, wo die Völker in Rechtsentscheidungen feiern; εἴσεται κατὰ σελήνην ὡς ἄγειν χρὴ τοῦ βίου τὰς ἡμέρας Ar. Nub. 616, wie man die Tage hinbringen, auf die Geschäfte vertheilen muß; οἵαν ἡμέραν ἄγουσι Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 7; den Tag zubringen, wie ποίας ἡμέρας με δοκεῖς ἄγειν Soph. El. 258; vgl. λυπηρὰν ἡμέραν ἄγ. Eur. Hec. 364 mit βίοτον ἡδέως ἄγ, Cycl. 452, αἰῶνα Ion. 638, μακάρεσσιν ἴσαν ἄγω ἁμέραν Theocr. 29, 7; ἄγει ἡ σελήνη νουμηνίαν Plut. Dio. 23; τὰς ϑέας ἄγειν, von Spielen, Brut. 21; οὕτω γὰρ ᾑγε τοὺς χρόνους τὸ Ἀχαιῶν ἔϑνος, so rechnete die Zeit, Pol. 5, 1. Dah. zur Bestimmung des Lebensalters, τὸ δέκατον ἔτος ἄγειν, im zehnten Jahre stehen. Bestimmter σχολὴν ἄγειν, Ruhe halten, sich ruhig verhalten, Plat. Theaet. 172 b, Eur. Med. 1238 u. sonst; ebenso oft ἡσυχίαν, εἰρήνην, Friede halten, z. B. Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 18 An. 2, 6, 4; πόλεμον, Krieg führen, Dem. 5, 19; νεῖκος ἄγει Pind. P. 9, 31, σπονδάς Thuc. 6, 7, ἐκεχειρίαν πρός τινα Luc. Tim. 3, εὐδαιμονίαν Eur. Hipp. 750, ἀσχολίαν Plat. Apol. 39 e, γέλων ἄγειν, Gespött treiben, Soph. Ai. 375; ὕπνον ἄγ., Schlaf bewirken, Phil. 634; ἄδειαν Dem. 19, 149, sorglos sein; πένϑος Luc. Tim. 22; κτύπον, Geräusch machen, Eur. Or. 180. Bei Plat. Crit. 113 a ist εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν φωνὴν ἄγειν = übersetzen. – Das partic. ἄγων steht in lebhafter Darstellung, schon bei Hom., oft scheinbar pleonastisch bei Zeitwörtern der Bewegung. – Med. für sich führen, mit bringen, χρυσόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον οἴκαδ' ἄγεσϑαι Od. 10, 35; φορτία Xen. Oec. 8. 12; – γυναῖκα ἄγεσϑαι, sich eine Frau heimführen, Her. 1, 34. 2, 47; auch vom Vater, der dem Sohne eine Frau zuführt, Od. 4, 10; Plut. Cat. mai. 34; auch ohne γυναῖκα, Her. 5. 92; Thuc. 8, 21. Das act. in derselben Bdtg hat Aesch. Prom. 558; etwas anders ἐπὶ γάμῳ τὴν βασιλέως ϑυγατέρα ἦγεν, er führte sie zur Hochzeit ab, Xen. An. 2, 4, 4; Ἑλένην εἰς ϑαλάμους Eur. Androm. 104, vgl. Herc. Fur. 12; Hes. Th-410; Plat. Legg. VI, 771 e; Plut. Sol. 20; Arr. 7, 4, 12; – δῶρον ἄγεσϑαι, sich ein Geschenk zueignen, Theocr. 1, 11; – διὰ στόμα ἄγεσϑαι μῠϑον, eine Rede im Munde führen, Il. 14, 91; – ἄγεσϑαί τι ἐς χεῖρας, etwas in die Hände nehmen, übernehmen, Her. 1, 126; στράτευμα, den Oberbefehl über das Heer, 7, 8; τὴν τελετήν, sich einweihen lassen, 4, 79; – κόλπος γῆς ἄγεται ist pass., es bildet sich ein Landzipfel, 4, 99. – Der imperat. ἄγε u. plur. ἄγετε wird adverb. bei Aufforderungen gebraucht, auf! wohlan! age! agite! der sing. steht auch in der Anrede an Mehrere, Odyss. 3, 475 παῖδες ἐμοί, ἄγε Τηλεμάχῳ καλλίτριχας ἵππους ζεύξαϑ' ὑφ' ἅρματ' ἄγοντες; oft mit ἀλλά, Odyss. 8, 250 ἀλλ ἄγε, Φαιήκων βητάρμονες ὅσσοι ἄριστοι, παίσατε, Iliad. 1, 62 ἀλλ' ἄγε δή τινα μάντιν ἐρείομεν, 2, 331 ἀλλ' ἄγε μίμνετε πάντες, ἐυκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί; Odyss. 1, 76 ἀλλ' ἄγεϑ' ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεϑα πάντες νόστον; – ἄγε δὴ ἀκούσατε ἄλλα Aesch. Pers. 136; Soph. Trach. 1245; Eur. Cycl. 623; Xen. Apol. 14; ἄγε παῖδες Plut. de san. tu. p. 404; ἄγετε τοίνυν καταλείπωμεν Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 16.

    Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ἌΓω

  • 9 σηκός

    σηκ-ός (neut. pl. [full] σῆκα (q.v.) as Adv.), [dialect] Dor.[full] σᾱκός (IG42(1).102.29 (Epid., iv B.C.)), ὁ,
    A pen, fold, esp. for rearing lambs, kids, calves, Od. 9.219, 227, 319, 439, 10.412, Il.18.589, Hes.Op. 787; εἰς τὸν σ. οἴσουσιν, metaph. of young children, Pl.R. 460c;

    σηκὸν νομίζειν τὸ τεῖχος Id.Tht. 174e

    ; σ. δράκοντος the dragon's den, E.Ph. 1010; οἱ πέρδικες δύο ποιοῦνται τῶν ᾠῶν ς. nests, Arist.HA 564a21.
    II sacred enclosure, precinct, Hdt.4.62 (v.l.), S.Ph. 1328, E. (v. infr.), IGl.c., SIG 247 K1 1155 (Delph., iv B.C.), Maiist.23, LXX 2 Ma.14.33;

    ὁ σ. τοῦ ἱεροῦ OGI 702.4

     (Egypt, ii A.D.): acc. to Ammon.Diff.p.94 V. (cf. Call.Fr.38P. (ap. Sch.Oxy.Th.2.17), Plu.Cim.8, Epigr.Gr.781.7 ([place name] Cnidus)), the σηκός was sacred to a hero, the ναός to a god, a distinction not observed (v. Poll.1.6) by the Poets, cf. Trag.Adesp.424, E.Ph. 1751 (lyr.), Rh. 501, with Ion 300, etc.
    2 sepulchre, burial-place, enclosed and consecrated, ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν ὅδε ς. Simon.4.6, cf. TAM 2(1).207.6, 208.7 ([place name] Sidyma).
    3 library building, Gal.15.24 (pl.).
    4 bedroom,

    σ. ἐπίπεδος Aret.CA2.2

    .
    III stump of an old olive-tree, περὶ τοῦ ς., title of speech by Lysias.
    IV weight, in the balance, Eust.1625.26.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σηκός

  • 10 σύν

    σύν [pron. full] [ῠ], old [dialect] Att. [full] ξύν; [dialect] Boeot. [full] σούν IG7.3171.39 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot., iii B.C.): Prep. with dat. (rarely c. gen., σ. τῶν ἐν αὺτῷ νεκρῶν Mitteis Chr.129.23 (ii B.C.);
    A

    σ. ἡρώων IPE2.383

     ([place name] Phanagoria); σ. γυναικός ib.301 ([place name] Panticapaeum), cf. Ostr.240.5 (ii A.D.), PLond.1.113 iv 19 (vi A.D.)):—with. The form ξύν rarely occurs in Hom., though it is not rare in compds. even when not required by the metre, as in ξυνέαξα, ξυνοχῇσιν, ξύμβλητο, ξύμπαντα; Hes. also uses ξύμπας, ξυνιέναι; in [dialect] Ion. verse we find

    ξύν Thgn.1063

     (but

    σύν Id.50

    ), Sol. 19.3 (perh. old Attic), but

    σύν Archil.4

    , cf. ξυνωνίη, συνίημι; in early [dialect] Ion. Prose (including Inscrr., cf. SIG1.2 (Abu Simbel, vi B.C.), 167.37 (Mylasa, iv B.C.), etc.) ξύν is only found in

    ξυνίημι Heraclit.51

    , Democr.95 (cf. ἀξύνετος, ἀξυνεσίη, ξύνεσις), and in the phrase ξὺν νῷ ( νόῳ codd.) Heraclit.114, Democr.35; Hdt. has only σύν, and in codd. Hp. ξύν has weaker authority than σύν (i p.cxxv Kuehlewein); in the late Ionic of Aret., ξύν prevails over σύν; in [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. it is rare,

    ξυνοίκην Sapph.75

    ;

    ξυναλίαξε Ar.Lys.93

    ; elsewh. [dialect] Dor. σύν, Leg.Gort. 5.6, IG9(1).334.47 ([dialect] Locr., v B.C.), etc.; but in old [dialect] Att. Inscrr. ξύν is the only form up to 500 B.C.; σύν appears in v B.C. and becomes usual towards the end; after 378 B.C. ξύν survives only in the formula γνώμην δὲ ξυμβάλλεσθαι κτλ.; the phrase ξὺν νῷ is found in Ar.Nu. 580, Pl.Cri. 48c, Men. 88b, R. 619b (

    σὺν E.Or. 909

    ); otherwise, of [dialect] Att. Prose writers Th. alone uses the preposition ξύν, Antipho and Lysias have ξυν- a few times in compds.; codd. Pl. have both ξυν- (Lg. 930a, al.) and συν-; in Antipho Soph.Oxy.1364, Aristox., Arr., Ael., and Anon.Rhythm. ξυν- is very freq.; in Trag. both forms occur. The Prep. σύν gradually gave way to μετά with gen., so that whereas A. has 67 examples of σύν to 8 of μετά with gen., the proportions in Th. are 400 of μετά to 37 of σύν, in D. 346 of μετά to 15 of σύν, and in Arist. 300 of μετά to 8 of σύν: for these and other statistics see C. J. T. Mommsen, Beiträge zur Lehre von den griechischen Präpositionen (Frankfurt 1886-95): in [dialect] Att. Prose and Com. σύν is restricted for the most part to signf. 8, 9 and a few phrases, such as σὺν θεῷ, σὺν (τοῖς) ὅπλοις; Xenophon uses it freely, having 556 examples to 275 of μετά; in Pap., NT, and later Prose its use is much less restricted (v. infr.).
    1 in company with, together with,

    δεῦρό ποτ' ἤλυθε.. σ. Μενελάῳ Il.3.206

    ;

    ξ. παιδὶ.. πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.372

    ;

    σ. τοῖσδε ὑπέκφυγον Od.9.286

    ;

    καταφθίσθαι σ. ἐκείνῳ 2.183

    ;

    ἀπελαύνειν σ. τῷ στρατῷ Hdt.8.101

    ;

    ἐπαιδεύετο σ. τῷ ἀδελφῷ X.An.1.9.2

    ;

    σ. αὐτῷ σταυροῦσι δύο λῃστάς Ev.Marc.15.27

    ;

    οὐδένα ἔχω σ. ἐμοί PSI10.1161.12

     (iv A.D.).
    2 with collat. notion of help or aid, σ. θεῷ with God's help or blessing, as God wills, Il.9.49;

    σ. σοί, πότνα θεά Od.13.391

    ;

    πέμψον δέ με σ. γε θεοῖσιν Il.24.430

    , cf. 15.26;

    σ. θεῷ φυτευθεὶς ὄλβος Pi.N.8.17

    ; σ. θεῷ εἰρημένον spoken as by inspiration, Hdt.1.86;

    σ. θεῷ δ' εἰρήσεται Ar.Pl. 114

    ;

    σ. θεῷ εἰπεῖν Pl.Tht. 151b

    , Prt. 317b;

    ξ. θεοῖς Th.1.86

    ; so σ. δαίμονι, σ. Ἀθήνῃ καὶ Διί, Il.11.792, 20.192;

    σ. Χαρίτεσσιν Pi.N.9.54

    , cf. P.9.2;

    ξ. τῷ θεῷ πᾶς καὶ γελᾷ κὠδύρεται S.Aj. 383

    ; also θεοῦ σ. παλάμᾳ, σ. θεοῦ τύχᾳ, Pi.O.10(11).21, N.6.24: generally, of personal cooperation, σ. σοὶ φραζέσθω let him consult with you, Il.9.346;

    λοχησάμενος σ. ἑταίρῳ Od.13.268

    ; ξ. τῇ βουλῇ in consultation with the Council, IG12.63.17; σ. τινὶ μάχεσθαι fight at his side, X.Cyr.5.3.5, cf. HG4.1.34; σ. τινὶ εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι to be with another, i.e.on his side, of his party, Id.An.3.1.21, Smp.5.10; οἱ σ. αὐτῷ his friends, followers, Id.An.1.2.15, cf. Act.Ap.14.4, etc.
    3 furnished with, endued with,

    σ. μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν Od.24.193

    ;

    πόλιν θεοδμάτῳ σ. ἐλευθερίᾳ ἔκτισσε Pi.P.1.61

    .
    4 of things that belong, or are attached, to a person, σ. νηΐ or σ. νηυσί, i.e. on board ship, Il.1.389, 179, etc.; σ. νηυσὶν ἀλαπάξαι, opp. πεζός, 9.328 (so in Prose,

    σ. ναυσὶ προσπλεῖν X.HG2.2.7

    , etc.);

    σ. ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν Il.5.219

    ; esp. of arms,

    μιν κατέκηε σ. ἔντεσι 6.418

    ;

    στῆ δ' εὐρὰξ σ. δουρί 15.541

    ; ἀντιβίην or ἀντίβιον σ. ἔντεσι or σ. τεύχεσι πειρηθῆναι, 5.220, 11.386;

    σ. ἔντεσι μάρνασθαι 13.719

    ;

    σκῆπτρον, σ. τῷ ἔβη 2.47

    ; ἄγγελος ἦλθε.. σ. ἀγγελίῃ ib. 787; ς. (or ξ.)

    ὅπλοις Th.2.2

    , al., Pl.Lg. 947c, Aen.Tact.17.1; ς. (or ξ.)

    τοῖς ὅπλοις Th.2.90

    , 4.14, Hell.Oxy. 10.1, Pl.Lg. 763a, Aen.Tact.11.8;

    σ. ἐγχειριδίοις Hell.Oxy.10.2

    ;

    ξ. ξιφιδίῳ καὶ θώρακι Th.3.22

    ;

    ξ. ἑνὶ ἱματίῳ Id.2.70

    ; in some such cases ς. is little more than expletive, as σ. τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες ll.8.530, etc.: with αὐτός (cf.

    αὐτός 1.5

    ), chiefly in Hom.,

    ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σ. φόρμιγγι Il.9.194

    , cf. 14.498;

    αὐτῷ σ. τε λίνῳ καὶ ῥήγεϊ Od.13.118

    .
    5 of things accompanying, or of concurrent circumstances,

    ἄνεμος σ. λαίλαπι Il.17.57

    , cf. Od.12.408; of coincidence in time,

    ἄκρᾳ σ. ἑσπέρᾳ Pi.P.11.10

    ; καιρῷ σ. ἀτρεκεῖ ib.8.7;

    σ. τῷ Χρόνῳ προϊόντι X.Cyr.8.7.6

    ; in the course of,

    κείνῳ σ. ἄματι B.10.23

    , cf. 125, Pi.Fr. 123.
    6 of necessary connexion or consequence, σὺν μεγάλῳ ἀποτεῖσαι to pay with a great loss, i.e. suffer greatly, Il.4.161; δημοσίῳ σ. κακῷ with loss to the public, Thgn.50; σ. τῷ σῷ ἀγαθῷ to your advantage, X.Cyr.3.1.15; ὤλοντο.. σὺν μιάς ματι with pollution, S.Ant. 172; to denote agreement, in accordance with,

    σ. τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ καλῷ X.An.2.6.18

    ;

    σ. δίκᾳ Pi.P.9.96

    ;

    σ. κόσμῳ Hdt.8.86

    , Arist.Mu. 398b23;

    σ. τάχει S.El. 872

    , etc.
    7 of the instrument or means, with the help of, by means of,

    σ. ἐλαίῳ φαρμακώσαισα Pi.P.4.221

    ;

    διήλλαχθε σ. σιδάρῳ A.Th. 885

     (lyr.);

    πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω ξ. αἰχμῇ Id.Pers. 755

     (troch.);

    ἡ [τῶν φίλων] κτῆσίς ἐστιν οὐδαμῶς σ. τῇ βίᾳ X.Cyr.8.7.13

    ;

    ξ. ἐπαίνῳ Th.1.84

    .
    8 including,

    κεφάλαιον σ. ἐπωνίοις IG12.329.5

    , cf. 22.1388.85, 1407.12, al.;

    τοῦ Πειραιῶς ξ. Μουνυχίᾳ Th.2.13

    , cf. 4.124, 5.26, 74, 7.42, 8.90, 95; δισχίλιαι γάρ εἰσι (sc. δραχμαὶ)

    σ. ταῖς Νικίου Ar.Fr. 100

    ;

    ἀνήλωσα σ. τῇ τῆς σκευῆς ἀναθέσει ἑκκαίδεκα μνᾶς Lys.21.4

    , cf. 2;

    αἶγας ἀπέδοτο σ. τῷ αἰπόλῳ τριῶν καὶ δέκα μνῶν Is.6.33

    , cf. 8.8,35, 11.42,46, Aeschin. 2.162, D.19.155, 27.23,al., Arist.HA 525b15,17, Ath.19.6, Hipparch. 1.1.9, al., PSI10.1124.14 (ii A.D.).
    9 excluding, apart from, plus, ἓξ ἐμοὶ σ. ἑβδόμῳ six with (but not including) me the seventh, A. Th. 283;

    αἱ γὰρ καμπαὶ τέτταρες, ἢ δύο σ. τοῖς πτερυγίοις Arist.HA 490a32

    ;

    σ. τοῖς ἀρχαίοις τὸν οἶκον ἐκ τῶν προσόδων μείζω ποιῆσαι D. 27.61

    ;

    τὴν ἐφαπτίδα σ. τῇ σακκοπήρᾳ ἐν ᾗ ἐνῆν

     together with..,

    PEnteux.32.7

    , cf. 89.9 (iii B.C.);

    οἱ γραμματεῖς σ. τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις Ev.Luc.20.1

    , cf. Ep.Gal.5.24.
    B POSITION:— σύν sts. follows its case, Il.10.19, Od.9.332, 15.410. It freq. stands between Adj. and Subst., as Od.11.359, Il.9.194, etc.; more rarely between Subst. and Adj., Od.13.258, Pi.P. 8.7.
    2 freq. in tmesis in Hom., as Il.23.687, Od.14.296, etc.
    3 in late Gr. σὺν καὶ c. dat.,

    στεφανηφορήσας σ. καὶ Αὐρ. Ἰάσονι IG12(7).259

     (Amorgos, iii A.D.), cf. Supp.Epigr.4.535 (Ephesus, ii/iii A.D.), Rev.Phil.50.11 (Sardis, i/iii A.D.), CPR26.16 (ii A.D.); cf. infr. c. 2.
    C σύν AS ADV., together, at once,

    κενεὰς σ. Χεῖρας ἔχοντες Od.10.42

    ; mostly folld. by δέ or τε

    , σ. δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν Il.23.879

    ;

    σ. τε δύ' ἐρχομένω 10.224

     (cf. σύνδυο)

    ; ξ. τε διπλοῖ βασιλῆς S.Aj. 960

     (lyr.). It is sts. hard to distinguish this from tmesis, e.g. in Il.23.879; so ξὺν κακῶς ποιεῖν is = Ξυγκακοποιεῖν in Th.3.13. In Old Testament Gr. it is sts. used to translate the Hebr. 'ēth (particle prefixed to the definite accus.) through confusion with the Prep. 'ēth 'with',

    ἐμίσησα σὺν τὴν ζωήν LXXEc.2.17

    ; οὐκ ἐμνήσθη σ. τοῦ ἀνδρός ib.9.15;

    ἔκτισεν ὁ θεὸς σὺν τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ σὺν τὴν γῆν Aq.Ge.1.1

    , etc.
    2 besides, also,

    σ. δὲ πλουτίζειν ἐμέ A.Ag. 586

    ;

    σ. δ' αὔτως ἐγώ S.Ant. 85

    , etc.;

    σ. δ' ἐγὼ παρών Id.Aj. 1288

    , cf. El. 299;

    Δίρκα τε.. σ. τ' Ἀσωπιάδες κόραι E.HF 785

     (lyr.); in later Poetry

    σ. καί A.R.1.74

    , Herod.4.3, Nic.Th.8, D.P.843 (also in late Prose, Ath.2.49a; cf. supr. B. 3).
    I with, along with, together, at the same time, hence of any kind of union, connexion, or participation in a thing, and metaph. of agreement or unity. In Compos. with a trans. Verb σύν may refer to the Object as well as the Subject, as συγκατακτείνειν may mean kill one person as well as another, or, join with another in killing.
    2 of the completion of an action, altogether, completely, as in

    συνάγνυμι, συνασκέω 2

    , συνθρύπτω, συγκόπτω, συμπατέω, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, συντέμνω; sts., therefore, it seems only to strengthen the force of the simple word.
    3 joined with numerals, σύνδυο two together, which sense often becomes distributive, by twos, two and two; so σύντρεις, σύμπεντε, etc., like Lat. bini, terni, etc.
    II σύν in Compos., before β μ π φ ψ, becomes συμ-; before γ κ ξ Χ, συγ-; before λ συλ-; before ς usu. συς-; but becomes συ- before ς followed by a conson. (e.g. συστῆναι), before ζ, and perh. sts. before ξ. In a poet. passage, ap.Pl.Phdr. 237a, we have ξύμ alone in tmesi, ξύμ μοι λάβεσθε for συλλάβεσθέ μοι; cf.

    ὅτε ξὺμ πρῶτ' ἐφύοντο Emp.95

    : in Inscrr. and Papyri these assimilations are freq. not found.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σύν

  • 11 τεσσαρακοστός

    A fortieth, Th.1.60, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [full] τετρωκοστός, ά, όν, Archim.Aren.4.10, al.; also [dialect] Ion. apparently, SIG167.17 (Mylasa, iv B.C.): but [dialect] Ion. [full] Τετρηκοστή (pr. n.) GDI5755.5 (ibid.).
    2 a fortieth, a coin of Chios, Th.8.101.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τεσσαρακοστός

  • 12 τύπος

    τύπ-ος [pron. full] [ῠ], ὁ, ([etym.] τύπτω)
    A blow, τ. ἀντίτυπος Orac. ap. Hdt.1.67; beat of horses' hoofs, v.l. for κτὺπος in X.Eq.11.12;

    αἰθερίου πατάγοιο τ. βρονταῖον ἀκούων Nonn.D.20.351

    ; so perh.

    νάβλα τ. Sopat.16

    .
    1 impression of a seal,

    τύποι σφενδόνης χρυσηλάτου E.Hipp. 862

    , cf. Pl.Tht. 192a, 194b, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.23, Luc.Alex.21;

    τ. ἐνσημήνασθαί τινι Pl.R. 377b

    ; stamp on a coin,

    τὰ ἀκριβῆ τὸν τ. Luc.Hist.Conscr.10

    , cf. Hero *Mens.60, Hsch. s.v. Κυζικηνοι στατῆρες; on a branding-iron,

    ὄ τ. τοῦ καυτῆρος ἔστω ἀλώπηξ ἢ πίθηκος Luc.Pisc.46

    : generally, print, impression,

    χύτρας τύπον ἀρθείσης ἐν σποδῷ μὴ ἀπολιπεῖν, ἀλλὰ συγχεῖν Plu.2.727c

    , cf. 982b, Iamb.Protr.21. κθ', Gp.2.20.1; στίβου γ' οὐδεὶς τ. no footprint, S.Ph.29 (v.l. κτύπος) ; ὡς ἡδὺς ἐν πόρπακι σὸς (sc. τοῦ βραχίονος) κεῖται τύπος thy imprint, (O arm), E.Tr. 1196 (σῷ cj. Dobree); τ. ὀδόντων imprint of teeth, AP6.57.5 (Paul. Sil.); print,

    βάλω τὸν δάκτυλόν μου εἰς τὸν τ. τῶν ἥλων Ev.Jo.20.25

    ;

    οἱ τ. τῶν πληγῶν Ath.13.585c

    .
    b impressions supposed by Democr. and Epicur. to be made on the air by things seen, and to travel through space, Thphr. Sens.52, Epicur.Ep.1p.9U., Nat.2.6, al.;

    ὁ θεὸς.. πνεῦμα ἐνεκέρασεν [τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς] οὕτως ἰσχυρὸν καὶ φιλότεχνον ὥστε ἀναμάσσεσθαι τοὺς τ. τῶν ὁρωμένων Arr.Epict.2.23.3

    .
    2 hollow mould or matrix,

    καθάπερ ἐν τύπῳ τὰ σχήματα πλασθῆναι Arist.PA 676b9

    , cf.Pr. 892b2; used by κοροπλάθοι, D.Chr.60.9, Procl. in Ti.1.335, 394 D., cf. Hsch. s.v. χοάνη; by fruit-growers, to shape the fruit while growing, Gp. 10.9.3; die used in striking coins, metaph.,

    Κύπριος χαρακτήρ τ' ἐν γυναικείοις τύποις εἰκὼς πέπληκται τεκτόνων πρὸς ἀρσένων A.Supp. 282

    .
    3 engraved mark, engraving, δέλτον χαλκῆν τύπους ἔχουσαν ἀρχαίων γραμμάτων engravings of letters, i. e. engraved letters, Plu.Alex.17, cf. Pl.Phdr. 275a;

    τὰ γεγραμμένα τύποις Id.Ep. 343a

    ; τὸ μέτρον τοῦ ποδὸς ὑποτέτακται τούτοις τοῖς τ. the length of the foot is subjoined in this engraving, Rev.Bibl.35.285 ([place name] Jerusalem).
    4 the depression between the underlip and chin, Poll.2.90.
    5 pip on dice, Id.9.95.
    III cast or replica made in a mould,

    τ. κατάμακτος IG22.1534.87

    ; τ. ἔγμακτος ib.64.
    IV figure worked in relief, whether made by moulding, modelling, or sculpture,

    αἱμασιὴ ἐγγεγλυμμένη τύποισι Hdt.2.138

    , cf. 106, 136, 148, 153;

    θεοῦ τ. μὴ ἐπίγλυφε δακτυλίῳ Iamb.Protr.21

    .κγ;

    σιδηρονώτοις ἀσπίδος τύποις E.Ph. 1130

    ;

    χρυσοκόλλητοι τ. Id.Rh. 305

    ;

    τ. ἀργυροῦς IG22.1533.30

    , 11(2).161 B77, cf. 115 (Delos, iii B. C.); τύπους ἐργάσασθαι καὶ παρέχειν ib.42(1).102.36 (Epid., iv B. C.); tablet bearing a relief, καθελέσθαι τοὺς τ. καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἀργυροῦν ἢ χρυσοῦν ib. 22.839.30, cf. 56, al.;

    τ. Ἔρωτα ἔχων ἐπειργασμένον Paus.6.23.5

    ;

    τῶν τ' ἄλλων ὧν τύπος εἰκόν' ἔχει IG2.2378

    , cf. 22.2021.8, 3.1330.5;

    ἐνταῦθά εἰσιν ἐπὶ τύπου γυναικῶν εἰκόνες Paus.9.11.3

    ; πεποιημένα ἐν τύπῳ in relief, Id.2.19.17; typos scalpsit, Plin.HN35.128; impressā argillā typum fecit, ib. 151; πρὸς Ναυσίαν περὶ τοῦ τ., title of speech by Lysias, Suid. s.v. λιθουργική; Γάλλοι.. ἔχοντες προστηθίδια καὶ τύπους Plb. 21.37.6, cf. 21.6.7.
    V carved figure, image,

    ποιεῦνται ξύλινον τ. ἀνθρωποειδέα, ποιησάμενοι δὲ ἐσεργνῦσι τὸν νεκρόν Hdt.2.86

    ;

    τ. ποιησάμενος λίθινον ἔστησε· ζῷον δέ οἱ ἐνῆν ἀνὴρ ἱππεύς Id.3.88

    ; χρυσέων ξοάνων τύποι, periphr. for χρύσεα ξόανα, E.Tr. 1074(lyr.); γραφαῖς καὶ τ. paintings and statues, Plb.9.10.12; γραπτοὶ τ. prob. painted pediment-figures, E.Fr. 764, cf. Isoc.9.74, AP7.730 (Pers.); idol, graven image, LXX Am.5.26, J.AJ1.19.10.
    2 exact replica, image, as children are called the τύποι of their parents, Artem. 2.45; τ. λογίου Ἑρμοῦ, of Demosthenes, Aristid.2.307 J.
    VI form, shape,

    οὐλῆς Arist.GA 721b32

    ;

    σώματος Id.Phgn. 806a32

    ;

    προσώπου Id.Mir. 832b15

    ; ἀγγείου Crates Gramm. ap. Ath.11.495b;

    τὸν ἄρτον ἔχειν ἴδιον τ. OGI56.73

     (Canopus, iii B. C.);

    οἱ τ. τῶν γραμμάτων D.H.Dem.52

    ;

    ὁ τ. τῶν χαρακτήρων Plu.2.577f

    ;

    τοὺς τ. τῶν συλλαμβανομένων Sor.1.39

    ; Ἱππομέδοντος σχῆμα καὶ μέγας τ., periphr. for H. himself, A.Th. 488;

    Γοργείοισιν εἰκάσω τ. Id.Eu.49

    ; ὄμφακος τ., = ὄμφαξ, S.Fr.255.5;

    βραχιόνων ἡβητὴς τ. E.Heracl. 858

    ;

    κάλλος ἔχουσα τύποισι

     features,

    IG14.2135

     ([place name] Rome), cf. Max. Tyr. 31.3, Adam. 1.4.
    2 thing having a shape, οὐλοφυεῖς.. τ. χθονὸς ἐξανέτελλον undifferentiated forms rose from the earth, Emp.62.4; τ. τις πορφυροῦς κατὰ χρόαν, τῷ σχήματι ἐμφερὴς κιβωρίου θύλακι (viz. the placenta) Sor.1.57.
    3 form of expression, style,

    ὁ πραγματικὸς τ. [τοῦ Ξενοφῶντος] D.H.Pomp.4

    ;

    ὁ τ. τῆς γραφῆς Longin.

     ap. Porph. Plot.19;

    ὁ τ. ὁ πολιτικός Hermog.Id.2.11

    ; οὐδ' ἀληθινοῦ τύπου μέτεστι τῷ ἀνδρί ibid.;

    ὁ διὰ τῶν συμβόλων προτρεπτικὸς τ. Iamb.Protr.21

    ;

    ὁ αἰνιγματώδης τ. Id.VP23.103

    .
    4 Gramm., mode of formation, form,

    τ. πατρωνυμικῶν D.T.634.29

    ;

    τ. παθητικός A.D.Synt.278.25

    .
    VII archetype, pattern, model, capable of exact repetition in numerous instances,

    αὑτὸν ἐκμάττειν.. εἰς τοὺς τῶν κακιόνων τ. Pl.R. 396e

    ; οἰκισταῖς (sc. πόλεως) τοὺς μὲν τ. προσήκει εἰδέναι, ἐν οἷς δεῖ μυθολογεῖν τοὺς ποιητάς.., οὐ μὴν αὐτοῖς γε ποιητέον μύθους·.. οἱ τ. περὶ θεολογίας τίνες ἂν εἶεν; ib. 379a, cf. 380c.
    2 character recognizable in a number of instances, general character, type, πάντα ὅσα τοῦ τ.

    τούτου Id.Tht. 171e

    ;

    τοῦ αὐτοῦ μετέχοντα τύπου Id.R. 402d

    ;

    τοῦτον τὸν τ. ἔχοντα Id.Phlb. 51d

    .
    3 type or form of disease (esp. fever) with reference to the order and spacing of its attacks and intervals, Gal.7.463, cf. 475,490,512.
    VIII general impression, vague indication, γίνεται ἀμυδρὸς ὁ τ. τῆς ῥάχεως (in the foetus) Diocl.Fr.175; τ. ἀμυδροί, opp. ἀκριβὲς εἶδος, Gal.6.5; ἕως ἂν ὁ τ. ἐνῇ τοῦ πράγματος as long as there is an approximate indication of the thing, Pl.Cra. 432e; of the general type or schema corresponding with a name, Epicur.Fr. 255.
    2 outline, sketch, general idea,

    ὅσον τοὺς τ. ὑφηγεῖσθαι Pl.R. 403e

    ;

    περιγραφὴ καὶ τύποι Id.Lg. 876e

    ;

    ἔχεις τὸν τ. ὧν λέγω Id.R. 491c

    ;

    τοὺς τ. μόνον εἰπόντες περὶ αὐτῶν Arist.Pol. 1341b31

    ;

    ἐξηγεῖσθαι τύποις Pl.Lg. 816c

    ;

    ὁ τ. τῆς φιλοσοφίας τοιοῦτός τίς ἐστιν Isoc.15.186

    , cf. Phld.Rh.2.166 S.;

    ὁ τ. τῆς ὅλης πραγματείας Epicur.Ep.1p.3U.

    ; pl., ib.p.4 U.;

    δέονται.. ὑγρᾶς διαίτης, ἧς τὸν τ. ἀρτίως ὑπέγραψα Gal.6.397

    ; τύπῳ, ἐν τύπῳ, in outline, in general,

    ὡς ἐν τύπῳ, μὴ δι' ἀκριβείας, εἰρῆσθαι Pl.R. 414a

    ; ἵνα τύπῳ λάβωμεν αὐτάς ib. 559a;

    ἐν ἑνὶ περιλαβόντα εἰπεῖν αὐτὰ οἷόν τινι τύπῳ Id.Lg. 718c

    ;

    τύπῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἀκριβῶς Arist.EN 1104a1

    ; παχυλῶς καὶ τ. ἐνδείκνυσθαι ib. 1094b20; τ. καὶ ἐπὶ κεφαλαίου λέγομεν ib. 1107b14;

    ὡς ἐν τ. Id.Pol. 1323a10

    ; ὅσον τύπῳ in outline only, Id.Top. 101a22;

    ὡς τύπῳ λαβεῖν Thphr.Char.1.1

    .
    3 outline,

    ταῦτα ὅσα εἴρηται καθάπερ ἐν γραφαῖς ἀχρόοις γραμμῇ μόνῃ τύποι ἀνδρῶν εἰκασμένοι εἰσί Adam.2.61

    .
    IX prescribed form, model to be imitated,

    ἢν ἁμάρτωσι τοῦ πατρικοῦ τ. τοῦ ἐπιμελέος Democr.228

    ;

    οὗτος.. εἷς ἂν εἴη τῶν περὶ θεοὺς νόμων καὶ τύπων, ἐν ᾧ δεήσει τοὺς λέγοντας λέγειν καὶ τοὺς ποιοῦντας ποιεῖν Pl.R. 380c

    , cf. 383c; ἐν τοῖς τ. οἷς ἐνομοθετησάμεθα ib. 398b; εἰς ἀρχήν τε καὶ τ. τινὰ τῆς δικαιοσύνης ib. 443c;

    τ. εὐσεβείας.. παισὶν.. ἐκτέθεικα OGI383.212

     (Nemrud Dagh, i B. C.);

    ὥστε γενέσθαι ὑμᾶς τύπον πᾶσι τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἐν τῇ Μακεδονίᾳ 1 Ep.Thess.1.7

    ;

    κατὰ τὸν τ. τὸν δεδειγμένον σοι LXX Ex.25.39(40)

    , cf. Act.Ap.7.44.
    2 general instruction,

    δόντες τοὺς τ. τούτους ὑπὲρ τῆς ὅλης διοικήσεως, ἐξέπεμπον τοὺς δέκα Plb.21.24.9

    ; general principle in law,

    τ. ἐστὶν καθ' ὃν ἔκρεινα πολλάκις PRyl.75.8

     (ii A. D.).
    b rule of life, religion, ἐξεταστέον ποταπῷ χρῆται τύπῳ ὁ νοσῶν (e. g. whether Jewish or Egyptian) Erot.Fr.33.
    3 rough draft of a book,

    βιβλίον γεγραμμενον ἐν τύποις Gal.18(2).875

    , cf. 15.587,624, Anon. ap.Phot.Bibl.p.491 B.; draft of an official letter, τύπον ποιεῖ he drafted a letter, UPZ14.135 (ii B. C.);

    τ. χειρογραφίας PMich.Teb. 123r

     ii 38     (i A. D.); τ. ἐπιστολικοί models of letters, Epist.Charact. tit.
    4 form of a document,

    ἔστιν δὲ ὁ τ. τῆς εἰθισμένης διαγραφῆς ὁ ὑποκείμενος PMich.Zen. 9v

    .3 (iii B. C.);

    σωματισθῆναι.. τύπῳ τῷδε· τί ἑκάστῳ ὑπάρχει κτλ. POxy.1460.12

     (iii A. D.);

    κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τ. PFlor. 279.16

     (vi A. D.).
    5 text of a document,

    ὁ μὲν τῆς ἐπιστολῆς τ. οὕτως ἐγέγραπτο LXX 3 Ma.3.30

    , cf. Aristeas 34, Act.Ap.23.25, prob. cj. in LXX 1 Ma.15.2.
    6 written decision, θεῖος τ. an imperial rescript, Cod.Just. 1.2.20, al., Just.Nov. 113 tit., cf. PMasp.32.41 (vi A. D.); αἰτῆσαι θεῖον καὶ πραγματικὸν τ. Mitteis Chr.319.47 (vi A. D.); given by a bishop, Sammelb.7449.14 (v A. D.); by the ἔκδικος, PSI9.1075.11 (v A. D.); by others,

    χρὴ.. δοῦναι τ. εἰς τὴν συγχώρησιν POxy.1911.145

     (vi A. D.): in pl., of the acta of a πάγαρχος, ib.1829.2, 12 (vi A. D.).
    X as law-term, summons, writ,

    οἱ τ. γράμμα εἰσὶν ἀγορᾶς, ἐρήμην ἐπαγγέλλον τῷ οὐκ ἀποδιδόντι Philostr.VS1.25.9

    ;

    δίκης λῆξις εἴη ἂν ὁ νῦν καλούμενος τ. Poll.8.29

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τύπος

  • 13 ἀνακαλυπτήρια

    A festival of unveiling, when the bride first took off her maiden veil, and received presents from the bridegroom, Poll.3.36, cf. Timae.149, Hsch.s. v.sq.
    II the presents themselves, subject of a speech attributed to Lysias, Theon Prog.2: in sg., Plu. Tim.8.
    III revelations, Ph.1.358.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνακαλυπτήρια

  • 14 ἰσχνότης

    A thinness, leanness,

    σαρκός Hp.

    Aër.21;

    σώματος Arist.HA 581b26

    ;

    φύσιος Aret.SA1.7

    .
    2 of style, spareness, i.e. plainness, ἰ. φράσεως, of Lysias, D.H.Vett.Cens.5.1; cf. Phld.Rh.1.165S., Demetr.Eloc.14.
    3 thinness, weakness of pronunciation, opp. πλατειασμός, Quint.1.5.32.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἰσχνότης

  • 15 ἱππεύς

    ἱππ-εύς, gen. έως (- έω dub. in Hsch.), [dialect] Ep. ῆος, ὁ, ([etym.] ἵππος)
    A one who fights from a chariot, Hom. (only in Il.), opp. πεζός, 2.810; either of the driver or of the hero who fights, 12.66, 15.270; also of one who drives in a chariot-race, 23.262.
    2 horseman, rider, cavalryman,

    ἰππήων στρότος Sapph.Supp.5.1

    , cf. Hdt.3.88,9.49, A. Pers.14 (anap.), Arist.Pol. 1270a29, etc.; τῆς πολιτείας ἱ. a public courier, Aristaenet.1.26.
    3 groom, Class.Rev.27.12 (Laodicea Combusta), 24.12, JHS18.108 (near Lysias).
    II ἱππεῖς, in social and political sense, knights, forming an aristocracy in early Greek communities, Arist.Pol. 1297b18, etc.; at Eretria, ib. 1306a35, Ath. 15.2; at Sparta, a royal bodyguard, Hdt.8.124, cf. 1.67, etc.; esp. at Athens, the Second Class in Solon's constitution, Arist.Ath.7.3; later, an aristocratic corps of cavalry, Ar.Eq. 225, And.3.5, Philoch. 100, etc.
    2 of the Roman equites, D.S.37.8, D.H.4.24, App. BC1.22, etc.; ἱππεὺς Ῥωμαίων,= Lat. eques Romanus, Mon.Anc.Gr. 7.17, IG3.768a, IGRom.3.204 ([place name] Ancyra), OGI547.2 (ibid.), 645.7 ([place name] Palmyra), prob. in IGRom.4.1213 ([place name] Thyatira).
    III nimble kind of crab, Arist.HA 525b8.
    IV kind of comet, Plin.HN2.90, Lyd. Ost.11.
    V girl's ornament, Hsch., cf. Ostr. 323 (ii B.C.).
    VI a measure, πυρῶν, ἀμυγδάλων, ἀλεύρων, Supp.Epigr.2.710 ([place name] Pednelissus).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἱππεύς

  • 16 αἰσχροκερδής

    αἰσχροκερδής, ές (since Eur., And. 451, Hdt. 1, 187; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 32 end; TestJud 16:1) shamelessly greedy for money, avaricious, fond of dishonest gain (cp. Lysias 12, 19) 1 Ti 3:8 (vs. 3 v.l.); Tit 1:7 (also in a catalogue of vices Ptolem., Apotel. 3, 14, 15).—DELG s.v. αἶσχος. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > αἰσχροκερδής

  • 17 γνήσιος

    γνήσιος, α, ον (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, TestAbr A, EpArist, Philo, Joseph.)
    ① one who is considered a valid member of a family, legitimate, true. In the Hellenic world ancestral connections were highly prized; hence this term referred orig. to having connection with the γένος by birth: ‘belonging to the race.’ Hence lit. of children born in wedlock, legitimate (X., Cyr. 8, 5, 19; OGI 194, 12; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 145, 21 legitimacy of a son affirmed on basis of birth from a freewoman; PFlor 79, 21; 294, 12 γνησίων τέκνων; POxy 1267, 15 γ. υἱός; PLips 28, 17f; cp. PEleph 1, 3 γ. γυνή; Sir 7:18; Philo, Mos. 1, 15 γ. παῖς, Spec. Leg. 4, 203 τέκνα; Jos., Ant. 17, 45 τέκνα); fig., of affective relationship, esp. as developed through sharing of values or experiences (Herm. Wr. 13, 3 γνήσιος υἱός εἰμι; Eunap. Vi. Soph. 7, 1, 13 p. 49: pupils as παῖδες γ.) γ. τέκνον ἐν πίστει true child in the faith 1 Ti 1:2; cp. Tit 1:4; γ. σύζυγε Phil 4:3 (cp. BGU 86, 19 γ. φίλος; PLond III, 1244, 5 p. 244 [III A.D.]; EpArist 41; TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 7 [Stone p. 42] al.).
    ② pert. to possession of apparent or reputed good character or quality, genuine of things (of ‘genuine’ writings: Harpocration s.v. Ἀλκιβιάδης; Galen XV 748 K.; Athen. 4, 25, 144e; 14, 63, 650d) γνησιώτερος λόγος more reliable teaching B 9:9 (Harpocration s.v. ναυτοδίκαι: Lysias says εἰ γνήσιος ὁ λόγος; Philo, Poster. Cai. 102 γ. φιλοσοφία). ἀγάπη 1 Cl 62:2 (Michel 394, 48f γ. φιλοστοργία). τὸ γ. genuineness, sincerity of love 2 Cor 8:8 (OGI 339, 7 [c. 120 B.C.] τὸ πρὸς τὴν πατρίδα γνήσιον).—DELG s.v. γίγνομαι p. 223. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γνήσιος

  • 18 δέησις

    δέησις, εως, ἡ (Lysias, Pla.+; Diod S 14, 106, 1; Plut., ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Mel., HE 26, 6; Nägeli 40) ‘entreaty’, in our lit., as almost always LXX (but not 1 Macc 11:49) urgent request to meet a need, exclusively addressed to God, prayer (so Plut., Coriol. 227 [30, 2]; Ps.-Lucian, Amor. 19; pap; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 197) Lk 1:13; 2:37; Phil 1:19; 2 Ti 1:3; 1 Pt 3:12; 1 Cl 22:6 (last two both Ps 33:16); Pol 7:2; GJs 2:4; 4;1, 2; 20:3. W. ἱκεσία (OGI 569, 11; PPetr II, 19 [1a], 2 μετὰ δεήσεως καὶ ἱκετείας οὕνεκα τοῦ θεοῦ) 1 Cl 59:2. W. προσευχή, the more general term, to denote a more specif. supplication (3 Km 8:45; 2 Ch 6:29; cp. Alex. Aphr., An. Mant. II, 1 p. 186, 3 εὐχαὶ καὶ δεήσεις; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 4, 19 πᾶσαν … δέησιν καὶ προσευχὴν καὶ ἔντευξιν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν ἀναπεμτέον) Ac 1:14 v.l.; Eph 6:18; Phil 4:6; 1 Ti 2:1; 5:5; IMg 7:1. W. προσκαρτέρησις Eph 6:18; w. ἱκετηρία Hb 5:7; ἐν δεήσει Hv 3, 10, 7; δ. ποιεῖσθαι pray (PParis 69 II, 11 ἔνθα σπονδάς τε καὶ δεήσεις ποιησάμενος; BGU 180, 17; StudPal V, 6, 1; 3 Macc 2:1; cp. Jos., Bell. 7, 107) Lk 5:33; Phil 1:4; 1 Ti 2:1. ἀναφέρειν δέησιν offer prayer (to God) B 12:7. ἐν δεήσει in or with (your) prayer Hv 3, 10, 7. W. addition of the object ὑπέρ τινος Ro 10:1; 2 Cor 1:11; 9:14; Phil 1:4; 1 Ti 2:1f. περί τινος (En 13:6) Eph 6:18; πολὺ ἰσχύει δ. Js 5:16. RAC VIII 1134–1258; IX 1–36.—DELG s.v. δέω 2 p. 270. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δέησις

  • 19 δέκατος

    δέκατος, η, ον (s. δέκα and next entry; Hom.+)
    ① pert. to being tenth in a series, tenth (ordinal number) a precious gem Rv 21:20; ὄρος Hs 9, 1, 9; 9, 27, 1; hour (prob.=4 P.M.; 3 Macc 5:14) J 1:39; Ac 19:9 D.
    ② pert. to being a tenth part of someth., part, as subst. (sc. μέρις)
    ⓐ gener. τὸ δ. a tenth (part) (Appian, Ital. 8 §2; Lucian, Sat. 14; Ex 16:36; Lev 5:11 al.; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 102) Rv 11:13.
    ⓑ specific ἡ δεκάτη a tenth of someth. offered for a specific purpose tenth part, tithe (Simonides 106b Diehl2; Hdt. 2, 135; 4, 152) of booty (Maximus Tyr. 24, 5b [for the gods from the spoils of war]) Hb 7:2, 4 (Gen 14:20). Of the gift of a tithe prescribed by the Jewish law (LXX; Ps.-Hecataeus: 264 Fgm. 21 [188] Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 188]; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 98 al.; Joseph.; cp. on sim. sacred gifts Diod S 20, 14, 2; IDelosChoix 5, 2 [Artemis]; SEG XXVIII, 1541 [III/II B.C.]; IG XI, 1243 [III/II B.C.]; PHib 115, 1 [c. 250 B.C.]; μόσχων δεκάτης; PTebt 307, 8; O. Wilck I 348f; s. SWallace, Taxation in Egypt, ’38, index) pl. (as Lysias 20, 24; 2 Esdr 22:44; 1 Macc 3:49; 10:31; 11:35; Jos., Ant. 14, 203) Hb 7:8f (δέκ. λαμβάνειν as Diod S 5, 42, 1; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 21).—JBaumgarten, JBL 103, ’84, 245–51 (Hb. background for nonliteral use).—Kl. Pauly I 1438. DELG s.v. δέκα. M-M. New Docs 3, 65.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δέκατος

  • 20 δεῖ

    δεῖ inf. (τὸ) δεῖν Lk 18:1, Ac 25:24; AcPlCor 1:9, subj. δέῃ, impf. ἔδει (B-D-F §358, 1; Rob. 885f), fut. δεήσει Josh 18:4; impers. verb from δέω; for Attic ins forms s. Threatte II 634f (Hom.+) Strict classification of usage is not possible because of the multifunctional adaptability of this verb, esp. in colloquial discourse.
    ① to be under necessity of happening, it is necessary, one must, one has to, denoting compulsion of any kind.
    ⓐ of that which takes place because of circumstances or inner necessity, with the context determining the cause (Hdt. [8, 53 ἔδεε κατὰ τὸ θεοπρόπιον]; Appian, Liby. 122 §578 ἁλῶναι ἔδει Καρχηδόνα=it was necessary that Carthage be captured, i.e. it could not escape being captured [Appian’s theological perspective surfaces, s. e.g. 7, 53; 8, 51; 57; 61; 62; 92]; Da 2:28f, 45 Theod; Wsd 16:4; Just., D. 6, 2; 32, 4) Mt 17:10; 24:6 (δεῖ γενέσθαι as Jos., Ant. 10, 142); 26:54; Mk 9:11; 13:7, 10; Lk 4:43; 21:9; 24:46 v.l.; J 3:14, 30; 9:4; 10:16; 20:9; Ac 1:16; 3:21; 4:12; Ro 1:27; 1 Cor 15:53; 2 Cor 5:10; Rv 1:1; 4:1; 22:6; 2 Cl 2:5.
    ⓑ of the compulsion of law or custom ᾗ ἔδει θύεσθαι τὸ πάσχα when the paschal lamb had to be sacrificed Lk 22:7.—Mt 23:23; Lk 11:42; 13:14; J 4:20, 24; Ac 15:5; 18:21 v.l. Of the compulsion of Roman law 25:10.
    ⓒ of an inner necessity growing out of a given situation, Mt 26:35 (Jos., Ant. 6, 108 κἂν ἀποθανεῖν δέῃ; PFay 109, 5 ἐάν σε δῇ [=δέῃ] τὸ εἱμάτιόν σου θεῖναι ἐνέχυρον; Ath. 24, 1 τί δὲ δεῖ πρὸς ὑμᾶς … μνημονεύειν;), Mk 14:31; J 4:4; Ac 14:22; 21:22 v.l.; 27:21; 2 Cor 11:30.—ὥστε … [τὴν Ἀρτεμύλλαν] μικ̣ρ̣ο̣ῦ δεῖν ἀπόπληκτον γενέσθαι so that Artemilla was on the point of fainting AcPl Ha 3, 33–35 (Demosth. 27, 29; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 119 al.).
    ⓓ of compulsion caused by the necessity of attaining a certain result Lk 12:12; 19:5; Ac 9:6; 1 Cor 11:19; 2 Cl 1:1; B 4:1; IEph 7:1.—τὰ δέοντα (PPetr II, 11 [1], 6; BGU 251, 5 al.; pap; Pr 30:8; 2 Macc 13:20) the needs Hs 2, 5 and 8.
    ② to be someth. that should happen because of being fitting,
    ⓐ gener. (Epict. 2, 22, 20 φίλος ἔσομαι οἷος δεῖ; 3, 23, 21 ὡς δεῖ, as Just., D. 114, 1; 2 Macc 6:20; 4 Macc 7:8) 2 Ti 2:6, 24. καθὸ δεῖ as is proper Ro 8:26.—δέον ἐστίν it is necessary, one must (Polyb.; POxy 727, 19f; 1061, 13; BGU 981 II, 6; Sir. Prol. ln. 3; 1 Macc 12:11; EpArist) Ac 19:36; 1 Cl 34:2; without ἐστίν (POxy 899, 40; EpArist 227; 242; Philo, Aet. M. 107; Jos., Bell. 2, 296; Just., A I, 4, 6; A II, 2, 7; D. 11, 2) ITr 2:3; Pol 5:3. εἰ δέον ἐστίν if it must be 1 Pt 1:6 (s. εἰμί 11d); οὐ δέον v.l. for οὐδέν Papias (4).—On the constr. of δεῖ, note that as a rule the acc. and inf. follow it (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 254; Lucian, Charon 13, Pisc. 17; Just., D. 11, 2 al.; B-D-F §408), occasionally the inf. alone Mt 23:23 (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 53a; Just., A I, 4, 6 al.—B-D-F §407); 26:54; Ac 5:29.—To convey the idea that someth. should not happen, δεῖ is used w. the negative οὐ Lk 13:16; 2 Tim 2:24; 2 Cl 1:1; AcPlCor 1:10 or μή. Tit 1:11 (ἃ μὴ δεῖ what is not proper [also Ael. Aristid. 54 p. 687 D.] is prob. a mixture of τὰ μὴ δέοντα 1 Ti 5:13 and ἃ οὐ δεῖ [Job 19:4]; s. B-D-F §428, 4; Rob. 1169); Ac 15:24. εἰ δὲ δεῖ ἡμᾶς … μὴ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν παραβολήν AcPlCor 2:28.
    ⓑ of that which one should do (Wsd 12:19; 16:28; EpJer 5; Tob 12:1): one ought or should οὐκ ἔδει σε ἐλεῆσαι; should you not have had mercy? Mt 18:33.—Lk 2:49; 15:32; 18:1; Ac 5:29; 1 Th 4:1; Tit 1:11; 1 Cl 62:2.—In τί με δεῖ ποιεῖν; what shall I do? Ac 16:30, δ. stands for the deliberative subj. (B-D-F §366, 4).
    ⓒ to indicate that something that happened should by all means have happened, expressed w. the impf. ἔδει (Jos., Bell. 4, 232; Just., D. 88, 6; 141, 1 al.) had to Lk 15:32; 22:7; 24:26; J 4:4; Ac 1:16; 17:3.
    ⓓ to indicate that someth. that did not take place really should have happened, also expressed w. the impf. ἔδει should have, ought to have Mt 18:33; 23:23; Ac 24:19 (Ath. 21, 1; ὸ̔ν ἔδει w. inf. TestJos 14:3; οὓς ἔδει w. inf.: Isocr. 3, 40, 35a; Lysias 14, 29; Lucian, Philops. 21); 27:21; 2 Cor 2:3. Cp. B-D-F. §358.—EFascher, Theol. Beobachtungen zu δεῖ im AT: ZNW 45, ’54, 244–52, Theol. Beobachtungen zu δεῖ: RBultmann Festschr., ’54, 228–54; CCosgrove, NovT 26, ’84, 168–90 (Luke-Acts).—JKube, ΤΕΧΝΗ und ΑΡΕΤΗ ’69, 46. Cp. χρή. B. 640f. Schmidt, Syn. III 702–5. DELG s.v. δέω 2. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

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