35c

κάθημαι, [dialect] Ion. [pref] κάτ-, [ per.] 2sg. κάθησαι ([dialect] Ion.

A

κάτ- Hdt.3.134

) X.Cyr.3.1.6, prob.in Call.Sos. vi4,

κάθῃ Hyp.Fr. 115

, Act.Ap.23.3, dub.l.in Com.Adesp.1203, ([etym.] προ-) Them.Or.13.171a codd.; [ per.] 3sg.

κάθηται Ar.Lys. 597

, Pl.Ap. 35c, D.9.70, SIG987.26 (Chios, iv B.C.); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

κατέαται Hdt.2.86

; imper.

κάθησο Il.2.191

, E.IA 627;

κάθου Ar.Fr. 620

, Anaxandr.13, Men.1017, Alex.224; κάθουσο Sch.Theoc.11.42; [ per.] 3sg.

καθήσθω A.Pr. 916

; [ per.] 3pl.

καθήσθωσαν IG9(2).1109.38

(Thess.); subj.

καθῶμαι, κάθῃ Cratin.277

,

καθῆται Ar.Eq. 754

; opt.

καθοίμην Id.Ra. 919

, prob.in Id.Lys. 149; inf. καθῆσθαι; part. καθήμενος: [tense] impf.

ἐκαθήμην Ar. Ec. 152

, D.48.31, etc.,

ἐκάθητο h.Bacch.14

, Ar.Av. 510, Th.5.6,

ἐκάθησθε Ar.Ach. 638

, ἐκάθηντο, [dialect] Ion. ἐκατέατο v.l. in Hdt.3.144, 8.73; also without syll. augm.

καθῆστο Il.1.569

, E.Ba. 1102, Ph. 1467, Pl.R. 328c, Is.6.19,

καθῆτο D.18.169

,217; [dialect] Ion.

κατῆστο Hdt.1.46

,

καθῆσθε D. 25.21

(with vv. ll.),

καθῆντο Ar.Ec. 302

, v.l. in Th.5.58; [dialect] Ep.

καθήατο Il.11.76

; [dialect] Ion.

κατέατο Hdt.3.144

, 8.73, 9.90 (v.l. καθ-): the later [tense] fut.

καθήσομαι LXXLe.8.35

, Ev.Luc.22.30 is corrupt in E.Fr. 960:—to be seated, sit,

αὐτός τε κάθησο καὶ ἄλλους ἵδρυε λαούς Il.2.191

;

κάθησ' ἑδραία E.Andr. 266

: freq. in part.,

πέτρῃ ἔπι προβλῆτι καθήμενος Il.16.407

; ἐπ' ἀκτῆς κλαῖε κ. Od.5.82;

κ. οἶος ἐν Ἴδῃ Il.8.207

; ἐν ἀγῶνι κ. 23.448; κλαῖον δ' ἐν λεχέεσσι κ. Od.10.497; θύρῃσι κ. 17.530;

ἐπὶ ταῖσι θύραις Ar.Nu. 466

; αὐτόθεν ἐκ δίφροιο κ. even from his seat as he sat there, Od.21.420;

καθήμεθ' ἄκρων ἐκ πάγων S.Ant. 411

; ἐκ μέσου κατῆστο sate aloof, remained neutral, Hdt.3.83, cf. 4.118,8.73; ἐν θρόνῳ κ. Id.2.149; θρόνῳ κ. E.El. 315;

κ. πρὸς τάφῳ Id.Hel. 1084

;

πρὸς τὸ πῦρ Ar.V. 773

;

ἐπὶ δίφρου Pl.R. 328c

;

ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων X.Cyr.4.5.54

;

ἐπὶ τοῦ ἅρματος Act.Ap.8.28

;

ἐς τοὐργαστήριον Alciphr.3.27

: c. acc. cogn., ἕδραν κ. E.Heracl.55: c. acc. loci, sit on, ὀφρύην ib. 394.

2 esp. of courts, councils, assemblies, etc., sit: οἱ καθήμενοι the judges, the court, And.1.139, D.6.3, etc.;

δικαστὰς οὐχ ὁρῶ καθημένους Ar.Nu. 208

; ὑμεῖς οἱ καθήμενοι you who sit as judges, Th. 5.85;

οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτῳ κ. ὁ δικαστής Pl.Ap. 35c

;

κ. ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων D.58.25

; of the βουλή, And.1.43;

βουλῆς περὶ τούτων καθημένης D.21.116

; of an assembly, X.An.5.10.5; οἱ κ. the spectators in a theatre, Hegesipp. 1.29.

3 sit still, sit quiet,

ὕψι περ ἐν νεφέεσσι καθημένω Od. 16.264

; σφοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι καθήατο (for ἐκάθηντο) Il.11.76;

ἐν πένθεϊ μεγάλῳ κατῆστο Hdt.1.46

; μετὰ κόπον κ. rest after labour, S.Fr. 479.3: and, in bad sense, sit doing nothing, lie idle, Il.24.403, Hdt. 3.134; of an army, Id.9.56, Th.4.124; of a boat's crew, PCair.Zen. 107.6 (iii B.C.);

οὐδὲν ποιοῦντες ἐνθάδε καθήμεθα, μέλλοντες ἀεί D.11.17

, cf. 2.23, S.Fr.142.20, etc.; also, of an army, to have its quarters, be encamped,

περὶ τὰς Ἀχαρνάς Th.2.20

, cf. 101;

ἐχθρῶν ὑπ' αὐτοῖς τείχεσιν καθημένων E.Ph. 752

.

4 reside in a place, LXXNe.11.6;

λαὸς καθήμενος ἐν σκοτίᾳ Ev.Matt.4.16

; settle,

εἰς Σινώπην Muson.Fr. 9p.43H.

5 lead a sedentary, obscure life,

ἐν σκότῳ καθήμενος Pi. O.1.83

;

ἔσω καθημένη A.Ch. 919

; αἱ βαναυσικαὶ [ τέχναι]

ἀναγκάζουσι καθῆσθαι X.Oec.4.2

; to be engaged or employed, esp. in a sedentary business,

ἐπ' αὐτῷ τούτῳ Hdt.2.86

; κ. ἐπὶ τῇ τραπέζῃ, of bankers, D.49.42, cf. 45.33;

ἐπ' ἐργαστηρίου Id.59.67

;

ἐπὶ τοῦ.. ἰατρείου Aeschin.1.40

; καθῆσθαι ἐν πόλει, opp. ζῆν ἐν Χωρίῳ, Muson.Fr.11p.59H.

6 sit as a suppliant,

ἐν Δελφοῖσι Hdt.5.63

, cf. Orac.ib. 7.140.

7 of districts and countries, lie,

Χωρία ὁμοίως καθήμενα Thphr.HP8.8.7

.

b to be low-lying,

τὰ λεῖα καὶ καθήμενα Ael.VH 3.1

, cf. NA16.12; πεδίον κ. Him.Or.14.17; πόπανον.. κ. δωδεκόμφαλον prob. flat in the middle, IG22.1367.

8 of a statue, to be placed, Pl.Smp. 215b, Arist.Pol. 1315b21.

9 of things, to be set or placed,

λαγῴοις ἐπ' ἀμύλῳ καθημένοις Telecl.32

, cf. Pherecr.108.17;

τὸ πηδάλιον κ. πλάγιον Arist.Mech. 851a4

, cf. ib.13.

ᾰκούω (ἀκούει, -ομεν, -οντι; -ῃ (v. l. - σῃ); -ων, -οντες; -ειν: aor. ἄκουσας, ἄκουσεν; ἄκουσον, -ατ（ε); -σαις; -σαι.)

θεόδμᾱτος, -α -ον (-ῳ, -ον, -ους; -α, -ας; -ον acc., - ων.)

νόμος (-ος, -ῳ, -ον; -ων, -οις.)

1

γειόθεν, Adv.

A = γῆθεν, Call.Fr. 35c, A.D.Adv.188.19.

καταχᾰρίζομαι,

A corruptly make one a present of a thing, τινὶ λάφυρα, λείαν, D.H.6.30, 7.63.

2 surrender a thing corruptly, τι Lys. 27.14;

τὸν ἀγῶνα Aeschin.3.53

; κ. τὰ δίκαια give judgement by private interest, Pl.Ap. 35c, cf. Din.1.105, J.AJ4.8.14;

κ. καὶ προέσθαι D.26.20

;

καταδωροδοκεῖσθαι καὶ κ. πολλὰ τῶν κοινῶν Arist.Pol. 1271a3

;

κ. τἀληθὲς τοῖς πολίταις Ael. VH14.5

, cf. 11.9;

κ. ταῖς γυναιξὶ τοὺς προδότας Plu.Publ.7

.

3 show favour, c. dat. pers.,

κ. Ἀνδοκίδῃ Lys.6.3

;

ταῖς ὑμετέραις γνώμαις Isoc.8.10

: abs.,

μὴ καταχαριζόμενον, ἀλλὰ διαμαχόμενον Pl.Grg. 513d

, cf. Phld.Lib.p.53 O.;

πάντα ταῦτα κ. D.41.12

; [

ἡ δόξα] τὰ μὲν κ., τὰ δὲ ψεύδεται Ael.VH1.23

.

παρετῠμολογέω,

A allude to the etymology of a word, Ath.1.35c, Ach. Tat.Intr.Arat. 15.

συμπληρ-όω,

A help to fill, σ. τοῖσι Ἀθηναίοισι τὰς νέας help them in manning.., Hdt.8.1.

II fill up or completely, ἑξήκοντα ναῦς man them fully, Th.6.50, cf. Hell.Oxy.14.1;

σ. τὸ περιηγηθέν Pl.Lg. 770b

; τὸν μεταξὺ τόπον, τὸ μ., Arist.Mete. 340a18, PA 694b1, cf. Pl.Smp. 202e, IG22.1668.71;

τοὺς πόρους Thphr.Od.45

, Diocl.Fr.147;

ἔρανον Plu.2.694b

:—[voice] Med.,

σ. τὰ διαστήματα Pl.Ti. 35c

, cf. 36b;

τριήρεις Hell.Oxy.2.4

:—[voice] Pass.,

τὸ δὲ [τῆς σύριγγος] πάλιν ξυμπληρωθείη Hp. Fist.4

;

πάντα συμπεπλήρωται σαρξίν Pl.Ti. 75a

;

εὐδαιμονίᾳ Phld.D.1.2

;

σ. ἔκ τινων Ti.Locr.105a

, D.S.1.2;

ὑπό τινων Archim.Eratosth.3

.

b Medic., cause congestion of,

τὰ ὑποθυμιάματα σ. τὴν κεφαλήν Sor.1.72

:—[voice] Pass., suffer from congestion of the brain, IG42(1).126.28 (Epid., ii A.D.), Gal.15.902.

2 complete,

τὸ ὅλον Arist.GC 336b31

;

ἕν τι τῶν συμπληρούντων τοῦτο Plot.1.8.3

, cf. 2.6.1; τὰ συμπληροῦντα τὴν ἀρίστην μαῖαν the qualities which make up the complete good midwife, Sor.1.4, cf. Gal.6.166, UP1.9:—[voice] Pass., [δένδρα] συμπεπληρωμένα πᾶσι τοῖς οἰκείοις μορίοις, opp. ἀρχόμενα φύεσθαι, Id.16.492, cf. 526,685, Ath.15.671a.

3 fulfil, attain,

τὸ τῆς φύσεως τέλος Polystr.Herc.346p.86V.

:—[voice] Med.,

τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ τοῦ σώματος ἀγαθόν Epicur.Ep.3p.62U.

:—[voice] Pass., Polystr.p.31W.

4 finish,

περὶ τοῦ λίαν ὀξέος ὀξυμέλιτος συμπληρώσας τὸν λόγον Gal.15.683

, cf. 572.

χᾰρίζω, [tense] fut.

A

χαριῶ Phld.Rh.1.381

S., Gloss.: [tense] aor. imper.

χάρισον PMag.Lond.122.17

:—usu. [voice] Med. [full] χαρίζομαι, [tense] fut.

- ιοῦμαι Th.3.40

, 8.65; χαριῇ (v.l. -εῖ ) also in Hdt.1.90; Cret.

χαριξίομαι GDI5176.16

(found at Teos); also χαρίξομαι ib.5178.17 (ibid.); χαρίηνται is a false [dialect] Aeol. form in Milet.3 No.152.56; later

χαρίσομαι Ep.Rom. 8.32

, Luc.DDeor.22.4: [tense] aor.

ἐχαρισάμην Hdt.1.91

, etc.; opt.

χαρίσαιτο Il.6.49

; [dialect] Aeol. imper.

χάρισσαι Sapph.Supp.16.4

; Cret. inf.

χαρίξασθαι GDI5163b8

([place name] Mylasa):—[voice] Pass. forms, [tense] fut. χαρισθήσομαι in pass. sense, Ep.Philem.22: [tense] aor. ἐχαρίσθην in pass. sense, Act.Ap. 3.14, 1 Ep.Cor.2.12: [tense] pf. κεχάρισμαι in act. sense,

κεχάρισαι Ar.Ec. 1045

,

- ισται Id.Eq.54

; also in pass. sense, imper.

- ίσθω Pl.Phdr. 250c

: [tense] plpf.

ἐκεχάριστο Hdt.8.5

, [dialect] Ep.

κεχάριστο Od.6.23

:— say or do something agreeable to a person, show him favour or kindness, oblige, gratify, c. dat. pers., freq. in part.,

χαριζομένη πόσεϊ ᾧ Il.5.71

, cf. 11.23, 15.449, Od.8.538,13.265; once in Hes.,

ποίησε.. χαριζόμενος Διί Th. 580

;

πᾶσι χαριζοίμην ἄν Hdt.6.130

, cf. Th.3.40;

τοῖς θεοῖς X.Mem.4.3.16

; Καλλίᾳ χαριζόμενος to oblige, humour him, Pl.Prt. 362a, cf. Men. 75b, Ar.Eq. 1368; of a judge, give a partial verdict,

χ. οἷς ἂν δοκῇ αὐτῷ Pl.Ap. 35c

; also

χ. τῷ ἵππῳ X. Eq.10.12

: abs., make oneself agreeable, comply, opp. ἀντία φάσθαι, once in A., Pers. 700 (lyr.);

οἱ ὑπὲρ καιρὸν χαριζόμενοι And.4.7

: c. acc. cogn.,

χάριτας χ. E.Fr.360.1

, Isoc.1.31, D.18.239;

χ. τι καὶ αὐτός Th.3.42

; with part. added,

χαρίζετο ἱερὰ ῥέζων Od. 1.61

, cf. Hdt.1.90, Ar.Ec. 1045, Pl.R. 338a, 426c, etc.: more freq. c. dat. modi, μήτε τί μοι ψεύδεσσι χαρίζεο do not court favour by lies, Od.14.387;

χαριζόμενος φιλότητι 10.43

, etc.;

λόγῳ θωπεῦσαι καὶ ἔργῳ χ. Pl.Tht. 173a

codd.; opp. τὰ βέλτιστα λέγειν, D.9.2, cf. Plu.2.66a.

2 gratify or indulge a humour or passion, once in S.,

θυμῷ χαρίζεσθαι κενά El. 331

, cf. Antipho 4.3.2, X.An. 7.1.25;

ὀργῇ E.Fr.31

;

γλώσσῃ Id.Or. 1514

(troch.);

ἔρωτι Pi.Fr. 127

;

τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ Pl.R. 561c

:

τῷ σώματι X.Mem.1.2.23

; τῇ γαστρί ib.2.1.2, Cyr.4.2.39; τῇ ἡδονῇ ib.4.3.2.

3 in erotic sense, grant favours to a man, Ar.Ec. 629 (anap.), Pl.Smp. 182a, Phdr. 231c, 256a, X.Mem.3.11.12, etc.: hence of Comedy,

ὀλίγοις χαρίσασθαι Ar.Eq. 517

(anap.): c. acc. cogn.,

χ. θήλειαν ἀπόλαυσιν Luc.Am. 27

.

II c. acc. rei, give graciously or cheerfully,

δῶρα Od.24.283

;

ἄποινα Il.6.49

, 10.380;

χαρίζεσθαί τινί τι Hdt.1.91

, Ar.Ach. 437, Eq.54, X.Cyr.1.4.9, etc.;

πωλεῖν καὶ χ. καὶ τέκνοις μεταδιδόναι PGrenf.1.60.45

(vi A. D.); so c. acc. pers.,

χαρίζομαί σε τοῖς ὄχλοις PFlor.61.61

(i A.D.): with a strong oxymoron,

ξείνια δυσμενέσιν λυγρὰ χ. Archil.7

: c. inf. with Art.,

χ. τὸ ποθεῖν Plu.2.609a

;

τὸ ζῆν LXX 2 Ma.3.33

; without the Art., πολλοῖς ἐχαρίσατο βλέπειν (v.l. τὸ β.) Ev.Luc.7.21; χάρισαι [αὐτοῖς] μένειν allow them to remain, Luc.Am.19, cf. AP5.236 (Agath.); so ἆρ' ἄν τί μοι χαρίσαιο τοιόνδε—μή μου καταγελᾶν; Pl.Hp.Mi. 364c.

b χ. τὴν δέησιν grant the request, Luc.Bis Acc.14.

c [voice] Pass., c. acc., to be favoured with,

ἀνάγκᾳ πνεῦμα χαριζόμενος Epigr.Gr.204.18

([place name] Cnidus).

2 c. gen. partit., give freely of a thing,

ἀλλοτρίων χ. Od.17.452

; ταμίη.. χαριζομένη παρεόντων giving freely of such things as were ready, 1.140, etc.;

παντοίων ἀγαθῶν γαστρὶ χαριζόμενοι Thgn.1000

;

γλώσσης μαφιδίοιο χ. παρεοῦσι Theoc.25.188

; προικὸς χαρίζεσθαι, of his bounty, Od.13.15.

3 c. acc. pers., give up as a favour, τῇ μητρὶ χ. Ὀκτάβιον, by dropping a law aimed at him, Plu.CG4; but also, by unjust condemnation, Act.Ap.25.11,16; also τῷ θεῷ με ἐχαρίσω, of a dedication ceremony, PBremen49.14 (ii A. D.).

4 forgive,

τὴν ἀδικίαν τινί 2 Ep.Cor.12.13

, cf. Ep.Col.2.13: abs., 2 Ep.Cor. 2.7, etc.

III [voice] Pass., esp. in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf., κεχάριστο θυμῷ was dear to her heart, Od.6.23; τοῖσι Εὐβοεῦσι ἐκεχάριστο the pleasure of the Euboeans was done, Hdt.8.5; ταῦτα μὲν οὖν μνήμῃ κεχαρίσθω let a tribute be paid.. Pl.Phdr. 250c; cf.

χάρις A.

V.

2 mostly part. [tense] pf. κεχαρισμένος, η, ον, as Adj., acceptable, welcome,

ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ Il.5.243

, 826, etc.; κεχαρισμένα δῶρα θεοῖσι δίδωσι, 20.298, cf. Od.16.184, 19.397; κεχαρισμένα θεῖναί τινι to do things pleasing to one, Il.24.661;

ἀνὴρ κεχαρισμένα εἰδώς Od.8.584

;

θεοις κεχαρισμένα ποιεῖν Lys.6.33

; κεχ. τοῖς θεοῖς λέγειν τε καὶ πράττειν, Pl.Euthphr. 14b, cf. Phdr. 273e;

δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι καί οἱ κεχαρισμένος ἔλθοι Od.2.54

, cf. Hdt.1.87, 3.119, X.Mem. 1.2.10, etc.;

κεχαρισμένα θύρσῳ E.HF 892

(lyr.);

κεχαρ. χοιρίδιον Ar. Pax 386

(lyr.);

πᾶσιν κεχαρισμένος Pl.Sph. 218a

;

λόγος κεχ. D.14.1

;

σιτίον ἢ ποτόν X.Mem.2.1.24

;

ἐν τοῖς μὴ κεχαρισμένοις.. πρὸς τὴν αἴσθησιν Arist.PA 645a7

; cf. κεχαρισμένως.

3 later, [comp] Comp.

κεχαρισμενώτερος Ael.NA12.7

; [comp] Sup.

- ώτατος Alciphr. 3.65

.—Rare in Trag., but freq. in [dialect] Att. Prose.

χωλ-ότης, ητος, ἡ,

A lameness,

σκέλους Plu.2.963c

, Jul.Or.6.201b: pl., Plu.2.35c: metaph., lameness or deformity, of metres, Ath.14.632e. -όω, maim, Did. ad D.11.22.

ἀπο-φεύγω, [tense] fut.

A

- φεύξομαι Pl.Ap. 39a

;

- οῦμαι Ar.Av. 932

: [tense] pf.

- πέφευγα X.An.3.4.9

, etc.:—flee from, escape, c.acc., Batr.42,47;

σοφίην ὁ σοφώτατος οὐκ ἀποφεύγει Thgn.1159

;

τὴν πεπρωμένην μοῖραν Hdt.1.91

;

τὴν μάχην Id.5.102

;

κῆρα S.Ph. 1166

(lyr.), cf. Pl.Ap. 30a;

νόσον D.28.15

;

ἀ. ἐκ τῶν πλησίον κωμῶν X.An.3.4.9

;

ἐς Νίσαιαν Th.1.114

: rarely c. gen.,

ἀ. τῆς φθορᾶς 2 Ep.Pet.1.4

: c. inf., auoid,

λέγειν Phlp. in Ph.617.14

: abs., get safe away, escape, Hdt.1.1, 9.102, etc.; go free, of manumitted slaves, IG2.786, al.

II as law-term,

ἀ. πολλὸν τοὺς διώκοντας Hdt.6.82

;

τινά And.1.123

;

φεύγων ἂν ἀποφύγοι δίκην Ar.Nu. 167

, cf. 1151;

γραφάς Antipho 2.1.16

;

εὐθύνας Pl.Lg. 946d

: c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei,

ἀπέφυγον αὐτοὺς τὰς δίκας ἅς μοι ἐνεκάλουν D.40.19

.

2 abs., get clear off, be acquitted, opp. ἁλίσκομαι, Hdt.2.174, Pl.Ap. 35c, D.18.103;

κἂν.. εἰσέλθῃ φεύγων οὐκ ἀποφεύγει Ar.V. 579

.

3 of a woman in child-birth, bring to birth,

ἀ. τὸ παιδίον ἐν τῷ τόκῳ Hp.Mul.1.25

; also ἀ. τοῦ παιδίου ib.33: intr.,

ἢν τὰ ὕστερα μὴ δύνηται ἀποφυγεῖν Id.Nat.Mul. 56

.

ἑπτᾰκαιεικοσα-πλάσιος [pron. full] [πλᾰ], ον,

A twenty-seven fold, Pl.Ti. 35c (v.l. -σιπλ-), Theol.Ar.4,41 (v.l. -σιπλ-):—also [suff] ἑπτᾰκαιεικοσα-πλασίων, ονος, οξ, ἡ, Placit.2.21.1.

ὀκτα-πλάσιος [pron. full] [πλᾰ], α, ον,

A eightfold, Ar.Eq.70, Pl.Ti. 35c.

ὀνίσκω,

A = ὀνίνημι, Ath.2.35c.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to be of use, to help, gratify'

Other forms: aor. ὀνῆσαι, fut. ὀνήσω (Il.), Dor. ὀνασεῖ (Theoc.), midd. ὀνίναμαι (Att.), aor. ὀνήσασ-θαι (late), aor. 2 ὠνήμην, opt. ὀναίμην, ep. ἀπ-ονήμην, - όνητω (Il.), ὠνάμην, inf. ὄνασθαι (E., Pl.), fut. ὀνήσομαι (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. onato = ὀνατόν, onate = ὀνατήρ (Carratelli Par. del Pass. 12, 82).

Compounds: Often w. ἀπο-, `to benifit, to gain, to enjoy, to relish'.

Derivatives: 1. ὄνηαρ (written ὄνειαρ, s. v.); 2. ὄνησις, Dor. etc. ὄνασις f. (φ 402; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 73 w. n. 2, Benveniste Noms d'agent 77) `benefit, advantage, gain, enjoyment' with ὀνήσιμος `useful, beneficial' (h. Merc.; Zumbach Neuerungen 14, Arbenz 35); 3. Όνήτωρ, - ορος m. PN (Π 604 u.a.), Dor. ὀνάτωρ (conj. Pi. O. 10,9) `helper', ὀνήτωρ name of a plaster (medic.); 4. Όνήτης m. PN (Eretria IV<sup>a</sup>); for the PN in Όνησι- etc. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 348ff.; 5. ὀνήμων = ὀνήσιμος ( Cat. Cod. Astr.). 6. Primary comparative forms. sup. ὀνήϊσ-τος `most useful' (Ion. a.o.), comp. n. ὀνήϊον (Nic.), Dor. ὀνάϊον (Dodona III^a) as positive reinterpreted; details in Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 7 ff. (= KL Schr. 221 ff.). Egli Heteroklisie 77, also Seiler Steigerungsform 87f., who hardly believably assumes a noun *ὀνή `usefulness' as basis.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [754] * h₃neh₂- `help, be useful'

Etymology: To be noted are the old medial aoristforms with long vowel ἀπ-ονήμην, - όνητο, - ονήμενος etc., opposed to which are not only the clearly secondary ὠνάμην, ὄνασθαι but prob. also ὀναίμην and ὀνίναμαι ( ἵσταμαι: ἵστημι a.o.) are unoriginal (diff. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382); the quite late present ὀνίσκω (Ath. 2, 35c) was shaped to ὀνήσω after εὑρήσω: εὑρίσκω a.o. Further details in Schwyzer 688 f. -- No convincing etymology. By Wackernagel Dehnungsgesetz 50 (= Kl. Schr. 2, 946) a.o. (s. Bq and WP. 2, 315) compared with Skt. nāthá- n. `refuge, help', which looks like a primary noun (Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 718) but is further isolarted (cf. Mayrhofer s. nā́dhamānaḥ). Other attempts in Bq (rejected). Cf. ὄνειαρ.

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κάθημαι (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Jos., Ant. 5, 192; Ath. 17:3 [ptc. as name of an image of Athene]) 2 sg. κάθῃ (since Hyperid., Fgm. 115 [OLautensach, Glotta 8, 1917, 186]; POxy 33 verso III, 13 [II A.D.]; TestJob 24:3) Ac 23:3; pl. κάθησθε Lk 22:30 v.l., impv. κάθου (Moeris 215: κάθησο Ἀττικῶς, κάθου κοινῶς; later Attic [Lautensach, Glotta 9, 1918, 88; s. also AMaidhof, Z. Begriffsbestimmung der Koine 1912, 300]) twice in Js 2:3 and seven times in a quot. fr. Ps 109:1 (B-D-F §100; Mlt-H. 206f; s. 3 below); impf. ἐκαθήμην (on the augment s. B-D-F §69, 1; Mlt-H. 192); fut. καθήσομαι (oft. LXX) Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30.

① to be in a seated position, sit

ⓐ w. the place indicated by a prep. ἀπέναντί τινος opposite someth. Mt 27:61.—εἴς τι on someth. (Pel.-Leg. p. 4, 4 καθημένη εἰς βαδιστήν=‘sitting on a donkey’; cp. also Musonius 43, 18 H. καθῆσθαι εἰς Σινώπην) εἰς τὸ ὄρος τ. ἐλαιῶν Mk 13:3; cp. Hs 5, 1, 1.—ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at someone’s right (hand) Mt 26:64; Mk 14:62; Lk 22:69.—ἐν: Mt 11:16; 26:69; Lk 7:32. ἐν σάκκῳ κ. σποδῷ 10:13. ἐν δεξιᾷ τινος at someone’s right Col 3:1. ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς on the right (side) Mk 16:5.—ἐπάνω τινός on or upon someth. Mt 23:22; Rv 6:8.—ἐπί τινος on someth. (Babrius 57, 14; UPZ 79, 10 [160 B.C.]) Mt 24:3. ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου (Aeschines in Ps.-Demetr. 205; Cebes 21, 3 ἐπὶ θρόνου ὑψηλοῦ; Ex 11:5 al.; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 9 [Stone p. 30]; B 8 p. 112, 21 [Stone p. 72]; Jos., Ant. 5, 192); Rv 4:2 v.l.; 4:9f; 5:1, 7, 13 v.l.; 6:16; 7:10 v.l., 15; 19:4 v.l.; 20:11 v.l.; 21:5 v.l. ἐπὶ θρόνων Lk 22:30. ἐπὶ τῆς νεφέλης (Is 19:1) 14:15f. ἐπὶ τοῦ ἅρματος Ac 8:28. ἐπὶ τ. ἵππων Rv 9:17; 19:18. ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου vs. 19, 21 (cp. TestJud 3:2). Of judges (κ.=‘sit in judgment’: Pla., Ap. 35c; Hyperid. 3, 6) ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος Mt 27:19.—ἐπὶ τῇ ὡραίᾳ πύλῃ at the ‘Beautiful Gate’ Ac 3:10. ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ Rv 5:13; 6:16 v.l.; 7:10, 15 v.l.; 19:4; 21:5.—ἐπί τι w. acc. of place (Lev 8:35) ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον Mt 9:9; Mk 2:14; Lk 5:27; ἐπὶ πῶλον ὄνου J 12:15; ἐπʼ αὐτόν (horse) Rv 6:2, 4f; 19:11, 18 v.l.; ἐπὶ θηρίον 17:3; ἐπὶ (τὸν) θρόνον, (τοὺς) θρόνους (3 Km 1:27; Jer 13:13 A; 43, 30 A; TestJob 20:4) Mt 19:28; Rv 4:2, 4; 11:16; 20:11; ἐπὶ τὴν νεφέλην 14:14, 16 v.l.—παρά τι beside someth. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν at the side of the road Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35.—περί τινα around someone Mk 3:32, 34.—πρὸς τὸ φῶς by the fire Lk 22:56 (Aristoph., Vesp. 773 πρὸς τὸ πῦρ κ. Likewise Menand., Fgm. 806 Kö.).

ⓑ w. the place indicated by an adv. of place: ἐκεῖ Mk 2:6; οὗ Ac 2:2; Rv 17:15; ὅπου vs. 9.

ⓒ abs. sit, sit there (Epict. 2, 16, 13 εὔχου καθήμενος; 33) Mt 27:36; Lk 5:17; J 2:14; 9:8; Ac 14:8; 1 Cor 14:30; B 10:4.

ⓓ w. some indication of the state or characteristics of the pers. sitting (Ex 18:14 σὺ κάθησαι μόνος; κ. of a judge Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 318 D.; 327) σὺ κάθῃ κρίνων με; do you sit there to judge me? Ac 23:3 (Ἄβελ … κάθηται ὧδε κρῖναι TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32]).

ⓔ in the special sense sit quietly Mk 5:15; Lk 8:35. Be enthroned in majesty (Od. 16, 264) κάθημαι βασίλισσα Rv 18:7.

② to be a resident in a place, stay, be, live, reside, settle, fig. ext of 1 (Hom. et al.; Hdt. 5, 63 ἐν Δελφοῖς; Musonius p. 59, 7 ἐν πόλει; Ael. Aristid. 50, 14 K.=26 p. 505 D.; Is 9:8 v.l.; 2 Esdr 21:6; Jdth 4:8; 5:3) Lk 21:35; Rv 14:6 (cp. Jer 32:29); 17:1, 9 (s. 1b). πρός τινα w. someone D 12:3; 13:1. ἐν σκότει (σκοτίᾳ v.l.) … καὶ ἐν σκιᾷ θανάτου Mt 4:16. ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου (Ps 106:10) Lk 1:79 (cp. Pind., O. 1, 83 ἐν σκότῳ καθήμενος [=one who enters old age without accomplishments worthy of remembrance]; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 272 D.: ἐν τ. στενοῖς τ. ἐλπίδων ἐκάθηντο). (The restoration [καθήμ]ε̣ν̣ο̣ι̣ AcPl Ha 8, 33 is questionable, s. the rdg. of BMM, s.v. πεδάω.)

③ to take a seated position, sit down; the occurrence of this sense in our lit. can scarcely be disputed; the same is true of the LXX (W-S. §14, 3). It is to be assumed for the impv. in all its occurrences; seven of them are connected w. Ps 109:1: κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου Mt 22:44; Mk 12:36; Lk 20:42; Ac 2:34; Hb 1:13; 1 Cl 36:5; B 12:10. The impv. has the same mng. twice in Js 2:3. But this sense is also quite probable for the foll. pass.: ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Mk 4:1. ἐπάνω τινός Mt 28:2. μετά τινος 26:58; J 6:3 (καθίζω v.l.). παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν Mt 13:1.—ἐκεῖ Mt 15:29.—μέσος αὐτῶν Lk 22:55.—Abs. Mt 13:2.—B. 455. DELG s.v. ἧμαι. M-M. EDNT. TW.

πονηρός, ά, όν (s. πονέω, πόνος; Hes., Thu.+) comp. πονηρότερος Mt 12:45; Lk 11:26; superl. πονηρότατος (Diod S 14, 4, 2; PRyl III, 493, 89) Hm 3:5.—Freq. in Gk. lit. the opp. of ἀγαθός/καλός or χρηστός.

① pert. to being morally or socially worthless, wicked, evil, bad, base, worthless, vicious, degenerate

ⓐ as adj.

α. of humans or transcendent beings (since Trag. and Ps.-X., Rep. Ath. 1, 1; Is 9:16; Sir 25:16, 25; TestJob 43:5; ApcMos 21 γύναι; Philo, Joseph., Just.) ὁ πον. ἄνθρωπος (Plut., Alcib. 196 [13, 4]; cp. GrBar 13:1, 3; Philo, Exsecr. 149; Jos., Ant. 7, 291; Just., A II, 12, 3) Mt 12:35a; Lk 6:45a (where ἄνθρωπος is to be supplied); cp. 2 Th 3:2; 2 Ti 3:13. δοῦλος πον. (Comp. 120; Jos., Ant. 2, 55; 16, 296) Mt 18:32; 25:26; Lk 19:22 (cp. PFouad 25 verso I, 2 [II A.D.] address to an incompetent helper); γενεὰ πον. Mt 12:39, 45b; 16:4; Lk 11:29.—Mt 12:34. ἄνδρες πον. rowdies, ruffians Ac 17:5. People are called πονηροί in contrast to God Mt 7:11 (here the component of class distinction finds dramatic expression); Lk 11:13 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 18, 82 ἀληθέστατον … πονηροὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι).—Of hostile spirits τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ πονηρόν (Cat. Cod. Astr. X 180, 16; 186, 4; cp. EGoodspeed, The Harrison Papyri, no. 1, 7: ClPh 5, 1910, 321) Ac 19:15f. Pl. (Cyranides p. 51, 14; Just., D. 30, 2 al.) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f. Of the evil spirit that contends w. the Holy Spirit for a place in the human soul (cp. 1 Km 16:14–23) Hm 5, 1, 2 and 3. ἄγγελος πον. B 9:4 (Just., A II, 9, 4, D. 105, 3; cp. Paus. Attic. τ, 18 and Just., A I, 66, 4 πονηροὶ δαίμονες; Julian p. 371, 5; 11 Hertlein δαίμονες πονηροί; PLips 34 recto, 8 [375 A.D.] π. δαίμων. Did., Gen. 45, 4 αἱ π. δυνάμεις). ὁ πονηρὸς ἄρχων 4:13 (ἄρχων 1c).

β. of things βουλή (Menand., Mon. 134 [568 Mei.]) B 6:7 (Is 3:9); 19:3; D 2:6; Hv 1, 2, 4b (βουλή 1). διαλογισμοί Mt 15:19; Js 2:4 (διαλογισμός 2). διδαχή Hm 6, 2, 7 (παντὶ ἔργῳ is dat. of disadvantage [Schwyzer II 150f]). δόλος (SIG 693, 6 [129 B.C.]) IEph 7:1. ἐπιθυμία (-αι: Dio Chrys. 4, 89) 2 Cl 16:2; Hv 1, 1, 8b; 1, 2, 4c; Hs 6, 2, 1 and oft. ἔργον 2 Ti 4:18; Hv 1, 2, 4b. (TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 28 [Stone p. 14] w. opp. ἀγαθόν.) ἔργα J 3:19; 7:7; Col 1:21; 1J 3:12b; 2J 11; Hv 3, 7, 6; 3, 8, 4 al. θησαυρός Mt 12:35b; Lk 6:45b (here θης. is to be supplied fr. the context). καρδία (ApcMos 13; cp. Menand., Fgm. 540, 8 [=538 Kö.], ψυχή) 1 Cl 3:4; καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας (gen. of quality; s. Schwyzer under πονηρία; B-D-F §165; definition Mlt. 74) Hb 3:12. καταλαλιά Hm 2:3. Arrogant καύχησις Js 4:16; λόγοι π. malicious words (Menand., Mon. 822 [542 Mei.]) 3J 10. Of the ὁδὸς τοῦ θανάτου D 5:1; cp. B 4:10 (PsSol 10:1). ὀφθαλμὸς π. (ὀφθαλμός 1 and s. 3 below) Mt 20:15; Mk 7:22. πρᾶγμα (Menand., Epitr. 1107 S. [749 Kö.]; Fgm. 530 Kö.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 5 [Stone p. 10]; Tat. 17, 3) Hv 1, 1, 8a; ῥᾳδιούργημα π. Ac 18:14. ῥῆμα π. slanderous, evil word (SIG 1175, 16; Jdth 8:8, 9) Mt 5:11 v.l. (the ῥ. is ‘bad’ because of the content consisting, as the context indicates, of false charges); Hs 5, 3, 6; συνείδησις π. evil, guilty conscience Hb 10:22 (the conscience is not itself intrinsically bad, but evil deeds load it with a bad content; B 19:12; D 4:14; Hm 3:4; ὑπόνοιαι π. 1 Ti 6:4. Cp. Ac 25:18 v.l. τὸ πονηρότατον ψεῦσμα the most wicked sin of lying Hm 3:5. Of a Christian’s name ἐκβάλλειν τὸ ὄνομα ὡς πονηρόν spurn the name as vile (i.e as held only by worthless persons) Lk 6:22 (cp. Ath. 2, 2).—In the judgment of Christians a close connection w. sin is the chief characteristic of this age: ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ Gal 1:4. Cp. αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν Eph 5:16.—B 2:1. Sg. Eph 6:13.

ⓑ as subst.

α. wicked or evil-intentioned person, evildoer (Dt 21:21; Esth 7:6; Just., A I, 27, 1; Ath. 2, 3; Theoph. Ant. 2, 37 [p. 198, 22]) ὁ πονηρός (the art. is generic) Mt 5:39; 1 Cor 5:13 (Dt 17:7, cp. 19:19 al.; PZaas, JBL 103, ’84, 259–61); B 19:11 v.l. (but τὸ πον. in text).—Pl. πονηροὶ καὶ ἀγαθοί (cp. Philo, Praem. 3; Jos., Ant. 6, 307; 8, 314 God ἀγαπᾷ τ. ἀγαθούς, μισεῖ δὲ τ. πονηρούς; Iren. 1, 24, 2 [Harv. I 198, 4]) Mt 5:45; 22:10. Opp. οἱ δίκαιοι 13:49 (cp. T. Kellis 22, 48f). W. οἱ ἀχάριστοι (s. ἀχάριστος; also Lucian, Timon 48, perh. fr. comedy [III p. 654 Kock]) Lk 6:35. W. ἁμαρτωλοί B 4:2.

β. ὁ πονηρός the evil one=the devil (who is not defined as a sinner but as one who is morally destructive) Mt 13:19; J 17:15; Eph 6:16; 1J 2:13f; 5:18, 19 (κεῖμαι 3d); B 2:10; B 21:3; MPol 17:1; AcPlCor 2:2, 15) ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ εἶναι be a child of the evil one (ἐκ 3a, end) 1J 3:12a; cp. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ Mt 13:38, in case πον. is masc. here.—The gen. τοῦ πονηροῦ Mt 5:37; 6:13 can also be taken as masc. (it is so taken by Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 55 p. 51, 19; 21; Tertullian, Cyprian, Origen, Chrysostom; KFritzsche, JWeiss; s. also Schniewind on Mt 6:13; Weymouth, Goodsp.;—it is taken as a neut. [s. γ] by Augustine: WMangold, De Ev. sec. Mt 6:13, 1886; BWeiss, Zahn, Wlh.; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1907, 944; PFiebig, D. Vaterunser 1927, 92; Betz, SM 380f; 405–13; Mft., NRSV marg.); Lk 11:4 v.l.; 2 Th 3:3; D 8:2. These passages may also belong under

γ. τὸ πονηρόν (that which is) evil Lk 6:45c; Ro 12:9; 1 Th 5:22 (sim. Plut., Mor. 82c; s. also εἶδος 2); B 19:11. πᾶν πον. every kind of evil Mt 5:11; ποιεῖν τὸ πονηρὸν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ κυρίου (cp. Dt 17:2; 4 Km 21:2, 20) Hm 4, 2, 2; cp. Ac 5:4 v.l.; 1 Cl 18:4 (Ps 50:6). τὸ πονηρὸν τοῦτο this shameful deed GJs 13:1. ἀγρυπνεῖν εἰς τὸ π. D 5:2 and ἐπὶ τὸ π. B 20:2 s. ἀγρυπνέω 2. ἐλάλησέν τι περὶ σοῦ πονηρόν Ac 28:21 (cp. JosAs 6:6).—Pl. wicked thoughts, evil deeds (Gen 6:5; 8:21) Mt 9:4; 12:35c; Mk 7:23; Lk 3:19; J 3:20 v.l.; Ac 25:18; 2 Cl 8:2. δύο καὶ πονηρά two evil things B 11:2 (Jer 2:13 v.l.).—πονηρόν ἐστίν τινι it is bad for someone Hm 5, 1, 4.—ῥύσασθαι ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ D 10, 5.

② pert. to being so deficient in quality in a physical sense as to be worthless, of poor quality, worthless (X., Pla. et al.) καρποί (Ael. Aristid. 23, 57K.=42 p. 787 D.) Mt 7:17f (the same idea 13:48; cp. Jer 24:8 τὰ σῦκα τὰ πονηρά).

③ pert. to being in an unhealthy condition physically

ⓐ in ref. to a part of the body sick (Pla., Prot. 313a σῶμα; πονηρῶς ἔχειν ‘be badly off’, ‘be ill’ since Thu. 7, 83, 3) of the eye (cp. Pla., Hipp. Min. 374d πονηρία ὀφθαλμῶν) Mt 6:23; Lk 11:34 (Weizsäcker, BWeiss, HHoltzmann, Fitzmyer, Goodsp., NRSV. But see s.v. ἁπλοῦς, λύχνος b, ὀφθαλμός 1, also 1aβ above and the four articles ET 53, ’42, 181f; 354f; 54, ’42, 26; 26f).

ⓑ in ref. to the status of some ailment painful, virulent, serious (since Theognis 274) ἕλκος sore, ulcer (Dt 28:35; Job 2:7) Rv 16:2.—See Lofthouse s.v. κακός, end; WBrandt, ZNW 14, 1913, 189ff.—DELG s.v. πένομαι. M-M. TW.