á-sthā-t

ἵστημι (cf. ἱστάω, ἱστάνω),

I causal, make to stand, imper.

ἵστη Il.21.313

, E.Supp. 1230,

καθ-ίστα Il.9.202

: [tense] impf. ἵστην, [dialect] Ep.

ἵστασκε Od.19.574

; [ per.] 3pl.

ἵσταν B.10.112

: [tense] fut. στήσω, [dialect] Dor.

στᾱσῶ Theoc.5.54

: [tense] aor. 1 ἔστησα, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἔστᾰσαν for ἔστησαν dub. in Od.18.307, 3.182, 8.435, al. (v. ἔστᾰσαν): hence, in late Poets, ἔστᾰσας, ἔστᾰσε, AP9.714,708 (Phil.): [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med. ἐστησάμην (never intr.), v. infr.A.111.2, 3: [tense] pf.

ἕστᾰκα Cerc.3

, ([etym.] καθ-) Hyp.Eux.28, UPZ 112.5 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] περι-) Pl.Ax. 370d, ([etym.] ἀφ-) LXXJe.16.5, ([etym.] παρ-) Phld.Rh. 1.9S., al., ([etym.] συν-) S.E.M.7.109; also ἕστηκα (v. infr.) in trans. sense, ([etym.] δι-) Arist.Vent. 973a18, ([etym.] ἀφ-) v.l. in LXX l.c.; ἑστακεῖα trans. in Test.Epict.1.25.

II intr., stand,

1 [voice] Act., [tense] aor. 2 ἔστην, [dialect] Ep.

στάσκον Il.3.217

; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστησαν, more freq. in Hom. ἔσταν, στάν [ᾰ]; imper. στῆθι, [dialect] Dor.

στᾶθι Sapph.29

, Theoc.23.38; subj. στῶ, [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. στήῃς, στήῃ (for στῇς, στῇ), Il.17.30, 5.598; [ per.] 1pl. στέωμεν (as disyll.) 22.231,

στείομεν 15.297

; opt. σταῖεν, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

σταίησαν 17.733

; inf. στῆναι, [dialect] Ep.

στήμεναι 17.167

, Od.5.414, [dialect] Dor.

στᾶμεν Pi.P.4.2

; part. στάς: [tense] pf. ἕστηκα: [tense] plpf. ἑστήκειν, sts. with strengthd. augm. εἱστήκειν, as E.HF 925, Ar.Av. 513, Th.1.89, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg.

ἑστήκεε Hdt. 7.152

:—from Hom. downwds. the shorter dual and pl. forms of the [tense] pf. are preferred, ἕστᾰτον, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἑστᾶσι (IG12(8).356 (Thasos, vi B.C.), etc.), in Hdt. ἑστέᾱσι; imper.

ἕστᾰθι Aristomen. 5

; subj. ἑστῶ; opt. ἑσταίην; inf. ἑστάναι, [dialect] Ep. ἑστάμεν, ἑστάμεναι ( ἑστηκέναι only late, as Ael.VH3.18); part. ἑστώς ( ἑστηκώς rare in early Gr., Hdt.2.126, Pl.Men. 93d, Lg. 802c, Arist. (infr. B.11.2), Alex.126.16,

εἱστηκότα IG12.374.179

), fem. ἑστῶσα (not ἑστυῖα; but συνεστηκυιῶν prob. in Hp.Aër.10), neut.

ἑστός Pl.Ti. 40b

, Tht. 183e, SIG 1234 ([place name] Lycia), etc., ([etym.] καθ-) POxy.68.32 (ii A.D.), ([etym.] ἐν-) PRyl. 98 (a).10 (ii A.D.), ([etym.] παρ-) Ar.Eq. 564 (- ώς freq. v.l. as in Pl. and Ar. ll.cc., preferred by Choerob.in Theod.2.313); gen. ἑστῶτος; [dialect] Ion. ἑστεώς, ἑστεός, ῶτος; [dialect] Ep.

ἑστηώς Hes.Th. 747

; dat. pl. ἑστηῶσι cj. in Antim.16.5, cf. Call.Dian. 134; Hom. does not use the nom., but has gen. ἑστᾰότος, acc. ἑστᾰότα, nom. pl. ἑστᾰότες, as if from ἑσταώς: so also [tense] plpf. ἑστάτην, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἕστᾰσαν: late [tense] pres. ἑστήκω, formed from [tense] pf., Posidipp. ap. Ath.10.412e: hence, [tense] fut.

ἑστήξω Hom. Epigr.15.14

, X.Cyr.6.2.17, Hegesipp.1.25,

ἑστήξομαι X.Cyn.10.9

codd.

2 [voice] Pass., ἵσταμαι: imper.

ἵστασο Hes.Sc. 449

,

ἵστω S.Ph. 893

, Ar.Ec. 737: [tense] impf. ἱστάμην: [tense] fut.

στᾰθήσομαι And.3.34

, Aeschin. 3.103: more freq.

στήσομαι Il.20.90

, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἐστάθην Od.17.463

, etc.; rarely ἔστην, [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg.

ἔσστα SIG56.43

(Argos, v B.C.): [tense] pf. ἕσταμαι ([etym.] δι-) v.l. in Pl.Ti. 81d, κατεστέαται v.l. in Hdt.1.196. (From I.-E. sthā-, cf. Skt. sthā- ([tense] aor. á-sthā-t), Lat. stare, etc.; Gr. redupl. [tense] pres. and [tense] pf. fr. si-sthā-, se-sthā-.)

A Causal, make to stand, set up,

πελέκεας ἑξείης Od.19.574

; ἔγχος μέν ῥ' ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα he set it against the pillar, 1.127, cf. Il. 15.126; ἱ. ἱστόν set up the loom, or raise the mast (v.

ἱστός 1

and 11); κρητῆρας στήσασθαι to have bowls set up, Od.2.431; θεοῖς.. κρητῆρα στήσασθαι in honour of the gods, Il.6.528; στῆσαί τινα ὀρθόν, στ. ὀρθὰν καρδίαν, Pi.P.3.53,96;

ὀρθῷ στ. ἐπὶ σφυρῷ Id.I.7(6).13

;

ἐς ὀρθὸν ἱ. τινά E.Supp. 1230

;

ὁ Ξανθίας τὸν φαλλὸν ὀρθὸν στησάτω Ar.Ach. 243

;

ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησιν S.El.27

; στῆσαι λόγχας, for battle, Id.Ant. 145(lyr.); esp. raise buildings, statues, trophies, etc.,

ἱ. ἀνδριάντα Hdt.2.110

;

τροπαῖα S.Tr. 1102

;

τροπαῖον ἱ. τῶν πολεμίων Isoc.4.150

, cf.IG22.1457.26;

τροπαῖον στησάμενοι X.HG2.4.7

;

τροπαῖον ἂν στήσαιτο τῶν ταύτης τρόπων Ar.Pl. 453

;

τὰ μακρὰ στῆσαι τείχη Th.1.69

; ἱ. τινὰ χαλκοῦν set him up in brass, raise a brazen statue to him, D.13.21, 19.261 (so in [tense] pf., stand,

οὗτος ἕστηκε λίθινος Hdt.2.141

:—[voice] Pass.,

σφυρήλατος ἐν Ὀλυμπία στάθητι Pl.Phdr. 236b

;

σταθῆναι χαλκοῦς Arist.Rh. 1410a33

).

II set, place, of things or persons,

τρίποδ' ἔστασαν ἐν πυρί Od.8.435

, etc.;

ὥς σ' ἄγχι γῆς στήσωσι Καδμείας S.OC 399

, etc.; fix,

τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν Philostr.VA1.10

; esp. set men in order or array,

πεζοὺς δ' ἐξόπιθε στῆσεν Il.4.298

, cf. 2.525, etc.;

στῆσαί τινας τελευταίους X. Cyr.6.3.25

, etc.

III bring to a standstill, stay, check,

λαὸν δὲ στῆσον Il.6.433

; νέας, ἵππους, ἡμιόνους στῆσαι, Od.3.182, Il.5.755, 24.350; μύλην στῆσαι to stop the mill, Od.20.111; στῆσεν ἄρ' (sc. ἡμιόνους) 7.4; στῆσε δ' ἐν Ἀμνισῷ (sc. νῆα) 19.188;

βᾶριν Iamb.Myst.6.5

; στῆσαι τὴν φάλαγγα halt it, X.Cyr.7.1.5;

ἵστησι ῥοῦν Pl.Cra. 437b

, etc.; ἵ. τὴν ψυχὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν ib. 437a; στ. τὰ ὄμματα fix them, of a dying man, Id.Phd. 118; στ. τὸ πρόσωπον compose the countenance, X.Cyr.1.3.9;

στήσαντες ἐπὶ τούτων τὴν διήγησιν Plb. 3.2.6

: esp. in Medic.,

ἵ. κοιλίαν Dsc.1.20

; τὰς κοιλίας Philotim. ap. Orib.4.10.1;

αἱμορραγίας Dsc.1.129

: abs., Arist.HA 605a29:—[voice] Med.,

ἱστάμενος τῷ νοσήματι Hp.Ep.19

( Hermes 53.65).

2 set on foot, stir up,

κονίης.. ἱστᾶσιν ὀμίχλην Il.13.336

;

ἵστη δὲ μέγα κῦμα 21.313

;

νεφέλην ἔστησε Κρονίων Od.12.405

, cf. Il.5.523; of battle, etc., φυλόπιδα στήσειν stir up strife, Od.11.314;

ἔριν στήσαντες 16.292

(so intr. φύλοπις ἕστηκε the fray is on foot, Il.18.172):—also in [voice] Med., στησάμενοι δ' ἐμάχοντο ib. 533, Od.9.54;

πολέμους ἵστασθαι Hdt.7.9

.β', 175, 236; so

ἱστάναι βοήν A.Ch. 885

;

κραυγήν E.Or. 1529

([voice] Pass., θόρυβος ἵσταται βοῆς arises, S.Ph. 1263); also of passions and states of mind, μῆνιν, ἐλπίδα στῆσαι, Id.OT 699, E.IA 788(lyr.).

3 set up, appoint,

τινὰ βασιλέα Hdt.1.97

;

τύραννον S.OT 940

, cf. OC 1041, Ant. 666:—[voice] Med.,

ἐστάσαντο τύραννον Alc.37

A;

φύλακας στησόμεθα Pl.R. 484d

:—[voice] Pass.,

ὁ ὑπὸ Δαρείου σταθεὶς ὕπαρχος Hdt.7.105

, cf. IG 9(1).32.23 (Stiris, ii B.C.).

4 establish, institute, χορούς, παννυχίδα, Hdt.3.48, 4.76 (so

στήσασθαι ἤθεά τε καὶ νόμους Id.2.35

;

ἀγῶνα h.Ap. 150

); στῆσαι χορόν, Ὀλυμπιάδα, ἑορτάν, Pi.P.9.114, O.2.3, 10(11).58;

κτερίσματα S.El. 433

;

χορούς B.10.112

, D.21.51; οὐχ ὑγιῶς ἱστάμενος λόγον setting up a bad argument, Anon.Lond.26.34:—[voice] Pass.,

ἀγορὴ ἵσταταί τινι Hdt.6.58

.

5 = Lat. statuere, determine,

γνῶναι καὶ στῆσαι D.H.8.68

;

διαγεινώσκειν καὶ ἱστάναι Not. Arch.4.21

(Aug.):—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ ὑπό τινος σταθέντα OGI665.27

(Egypt, i A.D.); τὰ ἑσταμένα Wilcken Chr.167.27 (ii B.C.).

6 fix by agreement,

ὁ σταθεὶς τόκος PGrenf.1.31.1

(i B.C.), cf. PFlor.14.11 (iv A.D.);

τὸ ἑσταμένον ἐνοίκιον BGU253.15

(iii A.D.).

7 bring about, cause,

ἀμπνοάν Pi.P.4.199

; στῆσαι δύσκηλον χθόνα make its case desperate, A.Eu. 825.

IV place in the balance, weigh, Il.19.247, 22.350, 24.232, Ar.V.40; [ ἐκπώματα] Thphr.Char.18.7;

ἀριθμοῦντες καὶ μετροῦντες καὶ ἱστάντες X.Cyr.8.2.21

, etc.; ἱστάναι τι πρὸς ἀργύριον weigh a thing against silver, Hdt.2.65; ἀγαθὸς ἱστάναι good at weighing, Pl.Prt. 356b; τὸ ἐγγὺς καὶ τὸ πόρρω στήσας ἐν τῷ ζυγῷ ibid., cf. Lys.10.18; ἐπὶ τὸ ἱστάναι ἐλθεῖν have recourse to the scales, Pl.Euthphr.7c:—[voice] Pass.,

ἵστασθαι ἐπὶ ζυγοῦ Arr.Epict.1.29.15

;

σταθείς

weighed,

IG11(2).161

B113 (Delos, iii B.C.).

2 weigh out, pay, LXX 3 Ki.21.39, cf. Za.11.12, Ev.Matt.26.15.

B [voice] Pass. and intr. tenses of [voice] Act., to be set or placed, stand, Hom. etc., ἀγχοῦ, ἆσσον, Il.2.172, 23.97;

ἄντα τινός 17.30

;

ἐς μέσσον Od.17.447

;

σταθεὶς ἐς μέσον Hdt.3.130

; ἀντίοι ἔσταν, ἐναντίοι ἔστησαν, Il.1.535, Od.10.391: prov. of critical circumstances,

ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς Il.10.173

: freq. merely a stronger form of εἶναι, to be in a certain place or state,

ἀργύρεοι σταθμοὶ ἐν χαλκέῳ ἕστασαν οὐδῷ Od.7.89

, etc.; ἑστάτω for ἔστω, S.Aj. 1084; τὰ νῦν ἑστῶτα,= τὰ νῦν, Id.Tr. 1271 (anap.);

ἐμοὶ δ' ἄχος ἕστᾱκεν Id.Aj. 200

(lyr.): with Adv., ξυμφορᾶς ἵν' ἕσταμεν, ἵν' ἕστ. χρείας, in what case or need we are, Id.Tr. 1145, OT 1442; ποῦ τύχης ἕστηκεν; Id.Aj. 102; later also ἀδίκως, ὀρθῶς, εὐλαβῶς ἵστασθαι, behave wrongly, etc., Plb.18.3.2, 33.6.3, 18.33.4.

2 take up an intellectual attitude,

ὡς ἵστασθαι δεῖ περὶ χρημάτων κτήσεως Phld.Oec.p.38J.

; οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἵ. Id.Rh.1.53S.

3 in pregnant sense,

στῆναι ἐς.. Hdt.9.21

;

στ. ἐς δίκην E.IT 962

;

στ. παρά τινα Il.24.169

(but οἱ μὴ στάντες παρὰ τὰ δεινά those who did not face the danger, D.H.9.28): c. acc. loci, τί τοῦτ' αἰθερίαν ἕστηκε πέτραν; E.Supp. 987 (lyr.);

στῆτε τόνδε τρίβον Id.Or. 1251

:c. acc. cogn., ποίαν μ' ἀνάστασιν δοκεῖς.. στῆναι; S.Ph. 277.

II stand still, halt,

ἀλλ' ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν Il.11.348

, cf. Od.6.211, 10.97; opp. φεύγω, 6.199, etc.; stand idle, Il.4.243, al.; ἑστάναι to be stationary, opp. κινεῖσθαι, Pl.R. 436c, etc.;

κατὰ χώρην ἑστάναι Hdt.4.97

; οὐ μὴν ἐνταῦθ' ἕστηκε τὸ πρᾶγμα does not rest here, D.21.102, cf. 10.36; ἐὰν ἡ κοιλία στῇ if the bowels are constipated, Arist.HA 588a8: c. part.,

οὐ στήσεται ἀδικῶν D.10.10

; come to a stop, rest satisfied,

ἄν τις ὀρθῶς ἐπιβάλῃ, ἔπειτα σταθῇ Epicur. Fr. 423

;

οὐχ ἱστάμενοι Plot.3.1.2

: impers., ἵσταται there is a stop, one comes to a stop, Arist.APr. 43a37, al.;

οὐκ ἔστη ἐνταῦθα κακοῖς γενομένοις ἀποθανεῖν Plot.3.2.8

; also

ἵστασθαι μέχρι τοῦ γένους Them.in APo. 55.8

,al.

2 metaph., stand firm, X.HG5.2.23;

τῇ διανοίᾳ Plb.21.11.3

; of arguments or propositions, hold good, Phld.Rh.1.83, 2.192 S.: part., ἑστηκώς fixed, stable, Arist.GA 776a35, EN 1104a4, Metaph. 1047a15;

δεῖ τὸ κρίμα ἑστηκὸς καὶ κύριον εἶναι SIG826ii29

(Delph., ii B.C.);

λογισμὸς ἑστὼς καὶ νουνεχής Plb.3.105.9

;

τέχναι οὐκ ἔχουσαι τὸ ἑστηκός, ἀλλὰ τὸ στοχαστικόν Phld.Rh.1.71S.

(so Adv. ἑστηκότως, opp. στοχαστικῶς, ib.70S.), cf. Iamb.Protr.21.

κ'; χρεία ἑστηκυῖα καὶ τεταγμένη Plb.6.25.10

; ἑστηκότα θεωρήματα, ἑστηκότες σκοποί, Phld.Rh.1.2S., Po.5.22; of age,

ἑστηκυῖα ἡλικία Pl.Lg. 802c

; τιμαὶ ἑστηκυῖαι fixed prices, PTeb.ined.703.177.

III to be set up or upright, stand up, rise up,

κρημνοὶ ἕστασαν Il.12.55

;

ὀρθαὶ τρίχες ἔσταν 24.359

, cf. A.Th. 564(lyr.), Pl. Ion 535c, etc.;

κονίη ἵστατο Il.2.151

;

ἵστατο κῦμα 21.240

; of a horse, ἵστασθαι ὀρθός to rear, Hdt.5.111; ἵστασθαι βάθρων from the steps, S.OT 143.

2 to be set up, erected, or built,

στήλη, ἥ τ' ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἑστήκῃ Il.17.435

;

ἕστακε τροπαῖον A. Th. 954

(lyr.);

μνημεῖον Ar.Eq. 268

, etc.; v. supr. A.11.

3 generally, arise, begin,

ἵστατο νεῖκος Il.13.333

; cf. A. 111.2.

4 in marking Time, ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο when spring is not long begun, Od.19.519; ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς the seventh month was begun, Il. 19.117; τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο as one month ends and the next begins, Od.14.162, cf. Hes.Op. 780; later μὴν ἱστάμενος, μεσῶν, φθίνων, first in Hdt.6.57, 106, cf. And.1.121, Aeschin.3.67;

σχεδὸν ἤδη μεσημβρία ἵσταται Pl.Phdr. 242a

.

5 to be appointed,

στῆναι ἐς ἀρχήν Hdt.3.80

; v. supr. A.111.3.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `unhappy, wretched' (Il.; cf. v. Wilamowitz on Eur. Her. 1346); δυστηνία μοχθηρία H.

Other forms: Dor. δύστανος

Derivatives: ἄστηνος, s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1004] * steh₂- `stand'

Etymology: Prob. `who has a bad stand', from δυσ- and *στῆ-ν-, *στᾶ-ν-, identical with Skt. sthā́nam, Av. OP stāna- n. `stand, position'. In Slavic an old u-stem, e. g. Russ.-Csl. stanъ `lair', Russ. stán `stature, standplace, camp'; other forms in Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v. See also Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 236. - The form given by Hdn. Gr. 1, 217, δύστος = δύστηνος (s.v.), can be identical with Skt. duḥstha- `id.' (IE * dus-sth₂-o-s; to στῆ-ναι). S. Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 126, Bechtel Lex. s. δύστηνος.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `set, position oneself, make stand' (Il.)

Other forms: Dor. ἵστᾱμι, med. ἵσταμαι, aor. στῆσαι, στήσασθαι, fut. στήσω, aor. pass. σταθῆναι (Od.), fut. σταθήσομαι (Att.); intr. aor. στῆναι with fut. στήσομαι, perf. ἕστηκα.

Compounds: Very often with prefix, ἀνα-, κατα-, ἀπο-, ἐξ-, μετα- etc.

Derivatives: Several, partly inherited derivations are given s.v., s. ἱστός, σταθμός, σταμῖνες, στάσις, στατήρ, στήλη, στήμων, στοά etc.; s. also στάμνος, σταυρός.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004] * steh₂- -stand, set'

Etymology: With the intr. athematic root aorist ἔ-στη-ν agrees exactly Skt. á-sthā-m, IE *h₁é-steh₂-m. Beside it stands without agreement outside Greek already in Hom. a transitive σ-aorist ἔ-στη-σ-α like ἔ-φῡ-σ-α beside ἔ-φῡ-ν a. o.; the intrans. future στή-σομαι, was originally built to ἔ-στη-ν, but was associated with the σ-aorist. Also the trans. reduplicated athematic present ἵ-στη-μι is limited to Greek; cf. τί-θη-μι, ἵ-η-μι, βί-βη-μι; both Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic have thematic formations, e. g. Skt. tí-ṣṭh-ati `stands' (*- sth₂-e-ti), Lat. si-st-it. The intr. perf. ἕ-στη-κ-α, pl. ἕ-στᾰ-μεν is excep for the κ-enlargment old and represents together wiht Skt. ta-stháu, pl. ta-sthi-má, Lat. ste-ti-mus an IE perfect. Old is also the verbal adjective στᾰ-τός (Il.) = Skt. sthĭ-tá- `standing', Lat. stă-tus, OWNo. sta-ðr stc, IE * sth₂tos. Details in Schwyzer 686f., 742, 755f., 762, 775f., 782. - Other IE forms are irrelevant for Greek (e. g. Lat. stō \< *stā-i̯ō = Lith. stō-ju, OCS sta-jǫ, Germ., e. g. OS OHG stān, stēn ` stehen' after gān, gēn ` gehen'), see Bq, Pok. 1004ff., W.-Hofmann s. stō etc. S. also ἱστάνω.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to put in order, to make ready, to equip, dress with weapons, clothes etc.; to prepare (for a journey), to dispatch'; also `to furl, take in the sails, to tie up, to constrain'; midd. esp. `to summon, to fetch, to prepare (for a journey), to set off' (also act. intr.). `to dress'.

Other forms: Aor. στεῖλαι, - ασθαι (Il.), Aeol. ἀπο-, ἐπι-στέλλαι, fut. στελ-έω (β 287 a.o.), -ῶ, - οῦμαι (Att.). Aor. pass. σταλ-ῆναι (Pi., IA.), - θῆναι (hell.), perf. pass. ἔσταλμαι (IA.), act. ἔσταλκα (Att.), ἔστολα (gramm.).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix with variaous shades of neaning, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, συν-, ὑπο-. As 2. member e.g. ἰδιό-στολος `having one's own equipment, equipped at one's own expense, making one's own journey' (Plu. a.o.), πυγο-στόλος adjunct of γυνή (Hes. Op. 373; on the debated meaning Martinazzoli Par. del Pass. 15, 203ff.); ναυ-στολ-έω `to send on a ship, to navigate, to steer (a ship)' (Pi., S., E., late prose; ναύ-στολος only A. Th. 858 [lyr.; doubted]; cf. ναυ-μαχέω, οἰνο-χοέω a.o. in Schwyzer 726); ἀκρο-στόλ-ιον n. `decorated end of the rostrum' (Callix., Str., D.S. etc.); ἀπόστολ-ος (: ἀπο-στέλλω) m. `envoys, fleet-expedition' (IA.), `apostle' (LXX, NT). As 2. member e.g. μελανό-στολος `with a black garment' (Plu.).

Derivatives: A. 1. στόλος m. `equipment (of a campaign), campaign by water and by land, fleet, army, troop, legion, march' (Pi., IA.); also `rostrum' (Pi., trag.)`outgrowth, stump, appendage' (Arist.); cf. below. 2. στολή (Aeol. σπόλα; cf. below) f. `armor', usu. `dress, garment' (IA.), `obstruction, pressure, constraint' (Epicur., medic.); ἀπο-, δια- ἐπι-στολή a.o. (: ἀπο-στέλλω) `sending resp. extension, mission or letter' (IA. etc.) with ἀποστολ-εύς m. `officials for equipping and dispatching the fleet' (Att.) a.o., s. Bosshardt 53 f. From this the dimin. στόλ-ιον n. (Delos II^a, AP a.o.); στολ-άς f. `jacket' (Ael.); στολ-ίς f. `dress', pl. `folds' (E., Arist. etc.) with - ίδιον, - ιδώδης, - ιδόομαι, - ίδωμα, - ιδωτός. - From στολή and στόλος: στολ-ίζω, also w. κατα-, συν-, ὑπο- `to place in order, to equip, to dress' (Hes. Op. 628, E., hell. a. late), - ισις, - ισμα, ισμός, - ιστής, - ιστήριον, - ιστεία; - άζομαι `to dress' in ἐστολάδαντο (metr. inscr. Marathon II<sup>p</sup>; cf. ἐρράδαται a.o. Schwyzer 672). -- 3. στολμός m. `equipment, clothing' (A., E.). -- B. στέλμα στέφος, στέμμα H. (correct?); στελμονίαι ζώματα H. (= X. Cyr. 6, 1); cf. ἁρ-μον-ία a.o., Scheller Oxytonierung 58f. -- C. 1. - σταλ-μα, only from the prefixed ἐπι-στέλλω etc.: ἐπί-, διά-, ἀπό-σταλμα n. `public mission etc.' (Thphr., pap.). 2. διασταλ-μός m. `assessment' (pap. VI^p). 3. στάλ-σις f. `obstruction' (Gal.), διά- στέλλω `destination, treaty' (LXX). 4. ἀνα-, δια-, περι- etc. - σταλτικός (late). --5. On στάλιξ s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1019] * stel- `put (up), stand'; also [985] * spel- `split'?

Etymology: The above forms form in spite of all semantic differentiation a well kept together formal system. Outside the wide semantic cadre are, however, στόλος in the sense of `ships beak a.o.', a meaning which seems difficult to connect with στέλλω `prepare, equip, send out', but which can without difficulty be connected with στελεά, στέλεχος, στήλη [which in my view do not belong to στέλλω]. When judging the etymology some seemingly Aeolic, mostly only lexically attested forms with σπ- (against inscr. ἀπο-, ἐπι-στέλλαι) must not be overlooked: σπελλάμεναι στειλάμεναι, σπολεῖσα σταλεῖσα, εὔσπολον εὑεί-μονα, εὑσταλέα, κασπέλλει (cod. - έλη) στορνύει (all H.); σπόλα = στολή (Sapph.), κασπολέω (- σπελ-?) ὑποστορέσω (Sapph., H.). So ΙΑ. στελ-, Aeol. σπελ- from IE skʷel- (lit. in Persson Beitr. 1, 422)? After Bechtel Dial. 1, 125f. (with Schulze; cf. on this Hamm Grammatik 15 w. n. 3) in IA. στέλλω IE * stel- `send' and skʷel- `equip' (from where Aeol. σπελ-) would have fallen together. The difficulty to find IE * skʷel- back in other languages, as well as the meagre documentation of the σπ-forms both arouse suspicion against such a supposition. For some of the relevant words ( σπόλα, εὔσπολος) one might sonsider a connection with IE * spel- `split' (s. σπολάς). -- Exact cognates outside Greek are missing. Nearest comes Arm. steɫc-anem, aor. steɫc-i `prepare, creare' with unclear c (ɫc from l + s with Pedersen KZ 39, 427 ?); beside it steɫn, pl. steɫun-k` `stem, stalk, twig' (cf. στέλεχος, στελεά). Also several other words go back on IE * stel-, but deviate semantically from στέλλω: Alb. shtiell `wind up, reel up, collect' (IE * stel-n-ō); Germ. nouns as OE stela m. `stalk of a plant', OWNo. stiolr m. `tail-bone', NNorw. stjøl `stalk, stem' (\< * stelu-; cf. στελεχος, στελεά). Here belong also the unclear OWNo. stallr m. `constitution, crib, stable', OHG stal m. `living, seat, stable' (to which stellen) from PGm. * stalla- or * staðla-(IE * stol-no- or * st(h)h₂-dhlo- [to st(h)ā- `stand'; s. ἵστημι]); Skt. sthálam n. `continent, earth-bottom', sthálā f. `raised earth' etc. (cf. on στήλη). -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 643ff., Pok. 1019f., W.-Hofmann s. locus; older lit. also in Bq. -- The evidence for IE origin is meagre; could the word be Pre-Greek?

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: 1. `the smooth lobster' (Philyll.), 2. `hollow of the ear' (Poll.).

Other forms: ὀστακός (Aristom.; acc. to Ath. 3, 105b Attic)

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Generally seen as `with bones', a k-derivation of the n-stem in Skt. asthán-, asthn- (nom. ásthi, s. ὀστέον); so *ostn̥-kó-s. One compared Skt. an-ástha + ka- `without bones', but this is irrelevant: it is a Sanskrit compound with a suffix productive in that language. Nor does MInd. aṭṭhi-taco `lobster' \< * asthi-tvacas- `with bony skin' prove anything for Greek. The etymology dates from the time that a Greek word had to be IE. The formation is unparallelled, the assimilation not very probable (beside ὀστέον). Rather a substr. word with α\/ο-. Fur. 137 etc. - Cf. ὀστέον and ἀστράγαλος, ὄστρακον.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: des. of a weight and (usu.) of a coin, `stater' (IA.); στατῆρες as opposite of ἀποδοτῆρες `returner' (Epich. 116), after Et. Gen. = χρεῶσται, `debtor', prob. prop. "those who weigh themselves (the money)", cf. ὀβολο-στατήρ (Hdn. Gr.) = ὀβολο-στάτης `obol weigher, usurer' (Ar. a.o.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 48).

Compounds: As 2. member with themat. vowel enlargement in bahuvrihicompp., e.g. δεκα-στάτηρ-ος `concerning ten st.' (Arr.), - ον n. `sum or weight of ten st.' (Att. a. Cret. inscr.).

Derivatives: στατηρ-ίσκος (- ισμός?) des. of a tax (pap.), - ιαῖος `worth or weighing one st.' (Theopomp. Com., hell. a. late).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004] * steh₂- `stand'

Etymology: To ἵστημι in the sense of `put on the balance, weigh off, to', so prop. "the weigher" like ἀναστα-τήρ `who drives away, destroyer' (A.) to ἀν-ίστημι. Further remarks (slightly diff.) by Benveniste Noms d'agent 50. Beside it, also with zero grade, but with ο-ablaut Lat. Stator, - ōris surn. of Jupiter (cf. Wissowa P.-W. 2: 3, 2227 f.); with full grade in intr. meaning Skt. sthā́tar- m. `driver of a car', prop. "who stands on the car". Lat. LW [loanword] statēr. -- Further s. ἵστημι.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `the warp in the upright loom, thread', also of a single thread (Hes.).

Other forms: Dor. - ά- AP.

Compounds: Some compp., e.g. στημονο-νητικη τέχνη `the art of spinning' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 137), χρυσο-στήμων `with golden threads, goldstitched' (Lyd.); with old transition in the o-stems στημο-ρραγέω `to be unraveled into threads' (A.), μανό-στημος `with thin warp' (A.)

Derivatives: Dimin. στημόν-ιον (Arist.), - ίας κίκιννος `thread-like curl' (Cratin.), - ικός `belonging to the warp' (pap. III^p), - ώδης `warp-like' (Plu.), - ίζομαι `the thread for pulling up the warp' (Arist.). Besides στημν-ίον `yarn, (weaving-)thread' (Delos III^a, hell. pap.), cf. λιμέν-ιον: λίμνη a.o. (Schwyzer 524); with loss of the ν: στημ-ίον (late pap.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004, 1007] * steh₂- `stand'

Etymology: Old des. of an old notion, except to the gender formally and in meaning identical with Lat. stāmen n. Besides, in meaning deviating, στῆμα n. des. of an apparatus (Hero), `the exterior part of the membrum virile' (Ruf., Poll.), Skt. sthā́man- n. `standing-place', Goth. stomin (dat.) = Gr. ὑπόστασις, OSwed. stomme from * stōme m. `scaffolding, frame', Lith. stomuõ, gen. -meñs `body- hape, stature'; all from IE * steh₂-m(e\/ o)n-; s. on ἵστημι. -- With ō-ablaut στώμιξ δοκὶς ξυλίνη H. (also Lith. stuomuõ?) with formation like Russ. dial. stamík `supporting beam, steep rock etc.'. With zero grade στάμνος(?) s. v. and σταμῖνες. --WP. 2, 606f., Pok. 1007f., W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. (w. lit.); cf. v. Windekens Orbis 12, 193.

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